US20210298891A1 - Non-invasive refractive treatment using nanoparticles - Google Patents
Non-invasive refractive treatment using nanoparticles Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20210298891A1 US20210298891A1 US17/304,014 US202117304014A US2021298891A1 US 20210298891 A1 US20210298891 A1 US 20210298891A1 US 202117304014 A US202117304014 A US 202117304014A US 2021298891 A1 US2021298891 A1 US 2021298891A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- dopant
- contact lens
- cornea
- eye
- delivery device
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 title claims description 26
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 196
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 210000004087 cornea Anatomy 0.000 claims description 67
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 201000009310 astigmatism Diseases 0.000 claims description 5
- 206010020675 Hypermetropia Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 201000006318 hyperopia Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000004305 hyperopia Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 208000001491 myopia Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000004379 myopia Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 claims 6
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 abstract description 14
- 238000002513 implantation Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 21
- 230000015654 memory Effects 0.000 description 16
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 12
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 11
- 210000001747 pupil Anatomy 0.000 description 10
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 7
- 210000001519 tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 7
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000009828 non-uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 208000003556 Dry Eye Syndromes Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010013774 Dry eye Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 210000003484 anatomy Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000003491 array Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000560 biocompatible material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013590 bulk material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004422 calculation algorithm Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001413 cellular effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003683 corneal stroma Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 125000001475 halogen functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000035876 healing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007943 implant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000592 inorganic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000001328 optic nerve Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000003463 organelle Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000001525 retina Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000001356 surgical procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012780 transparent material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003313 weakening effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/14—Eye parts, e.g. lenses, corneal implants; Implanting instruments specially adapted therefor; Artificial eyes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/14—Eye parts, e.g. lenses, corneal implants; Implanting instruments specially adapted therefor; Artificial eyes
- A61F2/147—Implants to be inserted in the stroma for refractive correction, e.g. ring-like implants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/14—Eye parts, e.g. lenses, corneal implants; Implanting instruments specially adapted therefor; Artificial eyes
- A61F2/145—Corneal inlays, onlays, or lenses for refractive correction
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/14—Eye parts, e.g. lenses, corneal implants; Implanting instruments specially adapted therefor; Artificial eyes
- A61F2/148—Implantation instruments specially adapted therefor
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K33/00—Medicinal preparations containing inorganic active ingredients
- A61K33/24—Heavy metals; Compounds thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
- A61K9/0048—Eye, e.g. artificial tears
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
- A61K9/0048—Eye, e.g. artificial tears
- A61K9/0051—Ocular inserts, ocular implants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2250/00—Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
- A61F2250/0058—Additional features; Implant or prostheses properties not otherwise provided for
- A61F2250/0067—Means for introducing or releasing pharmaceutical products into the body
Definitions
- Embodiments of the present invention generally relate to optical treatment and more particularly to non-invasive refractive treatment method based on sub wavelength particle implantation.
- Non-spectacle, non-contact lens refractive correction generally involves the use invasive surgical techniques that require a healing period, may reduce the integrity of the cornea, and which can lead to undesired side effects such as night halos, dry eye syndrome, and increased higher order aberrations.
- a new refractive treatment method based on sub wavelength particle implantation can accomplish similar treatments with far less invasive procedures and no appreciable weakening of the cornea.
- a method for optical treatment identifies an optical aberration of an eye, determines a dopant delivery device configuration in response to the optical aberration of the eye, wherein the determined dopant delivery device is configured to impose a desired correction to the eye to mitigate the identified optical aberration of the eye by applying a doping pattern to the eye so as to locally change a refractive index of the eye.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of one embodiment of a non-invasive refractive treatment system
- FIG. 1A is a schematic illustration of one embodiment of a dopant delivery device
- FIGS. 2A-2B are graph's depicting changes in refractive properties of an eye caused by the implantation of a dopant in the eye;
- FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of embodiments of dopant distribution in the eye
- FIGS. 4A-4C are schematic illustrations of one embodiment of a contact lens dopant delivery system
- FIG. 5 is a schematic depict embodiments of a dopant delivery configuring system
- FIG. 6 is a flowchart illustrating one embodiment of a process for non-invasive refractive treatment.
- noninvasive refractive treatment can modify the refractive index of the eye, and specifically the corneal refractive index, rather than reshape the cornea to affect a refractive correction.
- This change in the corneal refractive index can be accomplished through the application of various dopants to the cornea that can include, for example, one or several chemicals and/or nanoparticles.
- the nanoparticles can be metallic, and can enhance the index of refraction through surface plasmon effects, and/or the bulk material from which the nanoparticles are made can be absorptive when in bulk form.
- the nanoparticles may contain inorganic, high index of refraction, transparent materials such as, for example, ZrO 2 embedded in inorganic polymers.
- the nanoparticles and/or their host material can be tailored to bond with specific cell organelles or structures to resist diffusion.
- the nanoparticles can have a size that is smaller than, and in some embodiments, much smaller than the wavelength of visible light. In some embodiments in which nanoparticles are applied to the cornea, the nanoparticles can have an index of refraction that is different than the index of refraction of the cornea, and in some embodiments, the nanoparticles can have an index of refraction that is substantially different than the index of refraction of the cornea.
- the implantation of nanoparticles having an index of refraction different than that of the cornea can result in a change in the local index of refraction of the cornea in proportion to the number of nanoparticles implanted in a given volume of the cornea, or in other words, the density of the implanted nanoparticles.
- the density and/or lateral distribution of the nanoparticles can vary across the cornea of the eye, which variance can result in a varying index of refraction across the cornea of the eye.
- This varying index of refraction across the cornea of the eye allows treatment of optical aberrations including, myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism, mixed astigmatism, and/or any other lower or higher order aberrations.
- the dopant applied to the cornea to affect the change in the refractive index of the cornea can have a variety of interactions with the corneal tissue.
- these dopants can be nonreactive with the corneal tissue and merely be suspended within the corneal tissue, and specifically, in some embodiments, within the corneal stroma, and in some embodiments, these dopants can bind with corneal tissue to thereby secure their position within the cornea.
- nanoparticle materials can be selected to be biocompatible with the tissue of the cornea and/or to chemically bond to the corneal tissue.
- nanoparticles in which nanoparticles are used for altering the index of refraction of the cornea, nanoparticles as small as, for example, 1 nanometer, 5 nanometers, 10 nanometers, 20 nanometers, 30 nanometers, 50 nanometers, 100 nanometers, 500 nanometers, and/or any other desired or intermediate size can be used.
- particles can be size so as to allow painless placement in the cornea and so as to prevent light scatter.
- Insertion of dopants including, for example, one or several chemicals and/or one or several nanoparticles, into the cornea can be achieved using a variety of techniques.
- the dopants can be inserted into the cornea via high velocity impingement on the exterior surfaces of the cornea.
- the velocity of the dopants can be configured so as to allow penetration to the desired depth into the cornea.
- the dopants can be inserted into the cornea via diffusion.
- the dopants can be configured such that they diffuse to the proper depth within the cornea, and then maintain their position at that desired depth.
- the noninvasive refractive treatment system 100 can provide noninvasive refractive treatment to a patient.
- noninvasive refractive treatment can allow short recovery periods, can be repeated and/or adjusted based on future changes to the patient's eye, and/or can compensate for over and/or under treatment in a previous procedure.
- the noninvasive refractive treatment system 100 includes an eye 102 .
- the eye 102 can be any eye, and can be, for example, a human eye.
- the eye 102 includes the cornea 104 , the lens 106 , the retina 108 , and the optic nerve 110 .
- a plurality of dopants 112 have been deposited with in the cornea 104 of the eye 102 .
- these dopants can be, for example, nanoparticles.
- the noninvasive refractive treatment system 100 can include a dopant delivery system 114 .
- the dopant delivery system 114 can be configured to measure the aberration of the eye 102 , determine a dopant profile for compensating and/or correcting for the aberration, and to deliver dopant to the eye 102 , and specifically to the cornea 104 of the eye 102 .
- the dopant delivery system 114 includes a dopant delivery device 116 that delivers the dopant 112 to the eye 102 .
- the dopant delivery device 116 can include features configured to accelerate the dopant to a desired velocity to allow penetration of the dopant to a desired depth into the cornea 104 .
- the dopant delivery system 114 can control the dopant delivery device and can further include features configured to calculate the necessary penetration velocity of the dopant.
- This process can include determining a property of the cornea 104 such as, for example, the elasticity, thickness, toughness, and/or any other property relevant to penetration of dopant into the cornea 104 , and using this property in combination with the mass of the dopant to determine the velocity for dopant penetration to a desired depth to the cornea 104 .
- a property of the cornea 104 such as, for example, the elasticity, thickness, toughness, and/or any other property relevant to penetration of dopant into the cornea 104 .
- the insertion of the dopant 112 into the cornea 104 can be facilitated by one or several piezoelectric transducers.
- the dopant 112 can be ionized, and can be accelerated to the desired velocity for dopant insertion into the cornea 104 .
- the dopant 112 can be delivered 118 from the dopant delivery device 116 to the cornea 104 .
- the direction of the velocity of the dopant 112 can be calculated and/or controlled to allow insertion of the dopant 112 into desired portions of the cornea.
- the same techniques used to accelerate the dopant 112 can be further used to control the direction of the velocity of the dopant 12 .
- dopant delivery system 114 can be used in connection with other devices and components that can, for example, measure the aberration of the eye 102 , perform calculations relating to the aberration of the eye 102 , and/or configure the dopant delivery device 114 . These other devices and/or components can be integrated within the non-invasive refractive treatment system 100 .
- the dopant delivery system 114 can be configured to deliver dopant 112 to the eye 102 .
- the dopant delivery system 114 includes a processor 130 .
- the processor 130 can provide instructions to, and receive information from the other components of the dopant delivery system 114 .
- the processor 130 can act according to stored instructions to control the other components of the dopant delivery system 114 .
- the processor 200 can comprise a microprocessor, such as a microprocessor from Intel® or Advanced Micro Devices, Inc.®, or the like.
- the dopant delivery system 114 can include an input/output interface 132 .
- the input/output interface 132 communicates information, including outputs, to, and receives inputs from a user.
- the input/output interface 132 can include a screen, a speaker, a monitor, a keyboard, a microphone, a mouse, a touchpad, a keypad, and/or any other feature or features that can receive inputs from a user and provide information to a user.
- the input/output interface 132 can provide outputs to, and receive inputs from a user including a doctor.
- the input/output interface 132 can be configured to allow the user including the doctor to control the operation of the dopant delivery system 114 , and to specifically control the interaction of the dopant delivery system 114 with the patient.
- the dopant delivery system 114 can comprise a communication engine 134 .
- the communication engine 134 can allow the dopant delivery system 114 to communicatingly connect with other devices, and can allow the dopant delivery system 114 to send and receive information from other devices.
- the communication engine 134 can include features configured to send and receive information, including, for example, an antenna, a modem, a transmitter, a receiver, or any other feature that can send and receive information.
- the communication engine 134 can communicate via telephone, cable, fiber-optic, or any other wired communication network. In some embodiments, the communication engine 134 can communicate via cellular networks, WLAN networks, or any other wireless network.
- the dopant delivery system 114 includes a measurement engine 136 .
- the measurement engine 136 can be configured to measure aberration data relating to the eye 102 .
- the measurement engine 136 can use any technique and/or desired features to measure the aberration relating to the eye 102 .
- the measurement engine 136 can include a phoroptor and/or aberrometer.
- the dopant delivery system 114 can include a configuration engine 138 .
- the configuration engine 138 can include features that can configured the dopant delivery device 116 for delivering the dopant 112 to the eye 102 .
- the configuration engine 138 can comprise an activation device. The activation device will be discussed in greater detail below.
- the dopant delivery system 114 can include memory 140 .
- the memory 140 can include stored instructions that, when executed by the processor 130 , control the operation of the dopant delivery system 114 .
- the memory 140 can include a dopant database 142 .
- the dopant database 142 can include information relating to the dopant 112 such as, for example, information relating to the effect of the dopant on the index of refraction of the eye 102 , doping patterns that can be used as corrections for optical aberrations, and information relating to the configuration of the dopant delivery device 114 .
- the memory 140 can include a scan database 144 .
- the scan database 144 can include data generated by the measurement engine 134 . This information can relate to the aberration the eye 102 , refractive state of the eye 102 after performing the noninvasive refractive treatment.
- the dopant delivery system 114 can include a feature 146 communicatingly linking all of the components of the dopant delivery system 114 .
- this feature 146 can comprise, for example, a bus.
- FIGS. 2A-2B graph's depicting changes in refractive properties of an eye 102 caused by the implantation of a dopant 112 in the eye 102 are shown. Specifically, the graphs depict the impact of the uniform implantation of nanoparticles having a refractive index higher than the refractive index of the cornea into the corneal tissue.
- FIG. 2A includes graph 200 which depicts the effective corneal index as a function of the implanted fraction of dopant 112
- FIG. 2B includes graph 202 which depicts the corneal power change as a function of the implanted fraction of dopant 112 .
- the nominal corneal effective refractive index is approximately 1.337.
- the mean human corneal radius of curvature is approximately 7.8 mm.
- the combination of the nominal corneal effective refractive index and the mean human corneal radius of curvature results in an effective corneal power of approximately 43.2 diopters.
- the above figures depict the change in the effective corneal index and corneal power resulting from the implantation of nanoparticles having an index of refraction of 1.65.
- the effective corneal index likewise increases, and the corneal power changes. For example, and based on FIGS. 2A-2B , when the fraction of nanoparticles implanted reaches 1%, the local index of refraction increases to 1.35 and the corneal power increases by approximately 2.1 dpt.
- the dopant 112 distributions in the eye 102 shown in FIG. 3 can comprise non-uniform distribution patterns. These non-uniform distribution patterns can be used in the treatment of specific refractive problems. Non-uniform distributions can effectively lead to a graded index of refraction useful for treating all the common refractive conditions, in some cases with reduced implant rates.
- FIG. 3 depicts a first distribution pattern 300 -A occurring in the first pupil 302 -A.
- dopant 112 is concentrated in the center of the pupil 302 -A.
- the concentration of dopant 112 in the center the pupil 302 -A, and specifically lateral distributions of high index particles concentrated at the center of the pupil 302 -A can be used to increase the corneal power for treating hyperopia.
- FIG. 3 depicts a second distribution pattern 300 -B occurring in the second pupil 302 -B.
- dopant 112 is concentrated radially around the periphery of the pupil 302 -B.
- the concentration of dopant 112 around the radial periphery of the pupil 302 -B, and specifically lateral distributions with a minimum number of particles at the pupil center can be used to reduce the corneal power and thereby treat myopia.
- FIG. 3 depicts a third distribution pattern 300 -C occurring in the third pupil 302 -C.
- dopant 112 is cylindrically distributed perpendicular to the fast axis of the pupil 302 -C.
- the cylindrical distribution perpendicular to the fast axis of the pupil 302 -C, and/or an elliptical distribution can be used to treat astigmatism.
- dopant distribution patterns can be used to treat other optical aberrations including, for example, higher order aberrations.
- higher order aberrations can be treated through other non-uniform particle distribution patterns.
- the contact lens dopant delivery system 400 is a subset of the dopant delivery device 116 .
- the contact lens dopant delivery system 400 can be configured to deliver dopant 112 to the eye 102 , and specifically to the cornea 104 of the eye 102 .
- the contact lens dopant delivery system 400 can be configured for placement on a portion of the eye 102 such as, for example, on top of the cornea 104 of the eye 102 .
- the contact lens dopant delivery system 400 can include dopant 112 embedded and/or applied onto portions of the contact lens dopant delivery system 400 .
- the dopant 112 can be uniformly distributed throughout the contact lens 402 , so as to allow the customization of the contact lens 402 to treat a range of desired aberrations. In some embodiments, the dopant 112 can be non-uniformly distributed throughout the contact lens 402 . In some such embodiments, the non-uniform distribution of dopant 112 can allow the pre-configuration of the contact lens for treatment of a specific type and/or strength of aberration.
- the contact lens dopant delivery system 100 can comprise one or several contact lenses 402 which can be applied to the eye, singly, or in succession to treat a specified aberration including, for example, a type and a strength of aberration.
- This dopant 112 can be transferred to the eye 102 , and specifically to the cornea 104 of the eye when the contact lens dopant delivery system 400 is placed on the eye 102 .
- the contact lens dopant delivery system 400 includes a contact lens 402 that can comprise a variety of shapes and sizes.
- the contact lens 402 can be sized to cover and/or substantially cover the cornea 104 .
- the contact lens 402 can comprise a variety of materials.
- the contact lens 402 can comprise a biocompatible material.
- the contact lens 402 comprises a front 404 and an opposing back 406 .
- the contact lens 402 can comprise a convex shape configured for placement onto the cornea 104 of the eye 102 , which shape can advantageously increase the contact area of the back 406 of the contact lens 402 with the cornea 104 of the eye 102 .
- all or portions of the contact lens 402 can comprise a dopant carrier 408 .
- the dopant carrier 408 can be configured to releasably contain the dopant 112 .
- the dopant carrier 408 can be configured to retain the dopant 112 in the contact lens 402 unless the dopant 112 is activated, which activation can allow the dopant 112 to be released from the contact lens 402 , and specifically from the dopant carrier 408 of the contact lens 402 .
- the activation of the dopant 112 can comprise a change in the shape, composition, and/or properties of the dopant and/or the dopant carrier 408 .
- the contact lens 402 can comprise a circular shape when viewed from the front.
- the contact lens 402 can comprise an orienting feature 412 .
- This orienting feature 412 can advantageously facilitate in orienting the contact lens 402 on the eye 102 . This can allow use of the contact lens dopant delivery system 400 in the treatment of astigmatism and/or higher order aberrations.
- the orienting feature 412 can be configured to automatically orient the contact lens 402 on the eye 102 such as, for example, when the patient blinks their eye 102 .
- FIG. 4C side view of one embodiment of the noninvasive refractive treatment system 100 is shown.
- the contact lens delivery system 400 is shown placed on the eye 102 so that the back 406 of the contact lens 402 is contacting the cornea 104 of the eye 102 .
- activated dopant 112 can be delivered to the cornea 104 of the eye 102 , which delivery can affect a change in the index of refraction of the cornea 104 and thereby alter a refractive property of the eye 102 .
- the activated dopant 112 can remedy and/or provide for the noninvasive treatment of the optical aberration of the eye 102 .
- the dopant delivery configuration system 500 can comprise the contact lens 402 and an activation device 502 .
- the dopant delivery configuration system 500 can be configured to activate the dopant 112 in and/or on the contact lens 402 so as to allow the delivery of the dopant 112 to the cornea 104 of the eye 102 .
- the activation device 502 can comprise any device configured to activate the dopant 112 by changing the shape, composition, and/or properties of the dopant 112 and/or the dopant carrier 408 .
- the activation device 502 can activate the dopant via the irradiation of the contact lens 402 including, for example, the dopant 112 and/or the dopant carrier 408 , the application of one or several chemicals to the contact lens 402 including, for example, the dopant 112 and/or the dopant carrier 408 , and/or via the mechanical interaction with the contact lens 402 including, for example, the dopant 112 and/or the dopant carrier 408 . As seen in FIG.
- the activation device 502 is interacting 504 with the contact lens 402 so as to activate the dopant 112 .
- this interaction 504 can be controlled so that desired portions of the dopant 112 are activated and so that other portions of the dopant 112 are not activated.
- selective activation of portions of the dopant 112 on the contact lens 402 can allow treatment of different aberrations including, for example, lower order aberrations and/or higher order aberrations.
- this process 600 can be used to provide dopant 112 to portions of the eye 102 including, for example, to the cornea 104 .
- the process 600 can be performed using noninvasive refractive treatment system 100 , and specifically the dopant delivery system 114 , the contact lens delivery system 400 , and/or the activation device 502 .
- the process 600 can begin at block 602 wherein aberration data is received.
- the aberration data can be received from any device capable of identifying and/or detecting optical aberration in an eye 102 .
- the aberration data can be received from a phoroptor, an aberrometer, and/or any other desired device capable of collecting this data, and in some embodiments, this information can be received from the measurement engine 136 and/or any component of the measurement engine 136 . In some embodiments, this information can be generated by component other than the dopant delivery system 114 and can be communicated to the noninvasive refractive treatment system via the communication engine 134 .
- the received aberration data can be stored in the memory 140 including, for example the scan database 144 .
- the process 600 proceeds to block 604 wherein the correction for the collected aberration data is calculated.
- the calculation of the correction can be performed by a component of dopant delivery system 114 , and in some embodiments, the calculation of the correction can be performed by a component and/or device other than the dopant delivery system 114 .
- the correction can be calculated by a component of the dopant delivery system 114 including, for example, the processor 130 .
- the correction can be calculated with inputs regarding the details of the anatomy of the eye 102 including, for example, the details of the size and shape of the eye 102 and/or the components of the eye 102 .
- the calculation of the correction can be likewise received from the phoropter via, for example, the communications engine 134 .
- the process 600 proceeds to block 606 wherein the change in the index of refraction that will result in achieving the correction is calculated.
- this calculation can be performed as part of the step performed in block 604 discussed above, in some embodiments, this step can be performed separate from step performed in block 604 discussed above. In some embodiments, this calculation can be performed by components of the dopant delivery system 114 , and in some embodiments, this calculation can be performed by components other than those of the dopant delivery system 114 .
- this calculation can comprise the generation of an index of refraction profile indicating the locations of changes to the index of refraction on the cornea 104 of the eye 102 , in the magnitude of the changes to the index of refraction of the cornea 104 of the eye 102 .
- the process 600 proceeds to block 608 wherein the doping pattern that creates indices of refraction within the cornea 104 corresponding to the index of refraction profile is generated.
- the doping pattern can be generated by a component of the dopant delivery system 114 including, for example, the processor 130 and can be based off of information retrieved from the dopant database 142 and the scan database 144 .
- the doping pattern can include information identifying the location for the placement of dopant 112 on the eye 102 , and specifically on the cornea 104 of the eye, and the concentration of the dopant 112 in those locations.
- the process 600 proceeds to block 612 wherein the dopant delivery device 116 is configured.
- the configuring of the dopant delivery device 116 can comprise making changes to the dopant delivery device 116 so that the dopant delivery device 116 delivers dopant 112 to portions of the eye 102 including, for example, the cornea 104 , specified by the doping pattern.
- the dopant delivery device 116 can be configured by the configuration engine 138 and/or a component of the configuration engine. In some embodiments, this component of the configuration engine 148 can include the dopant delivery configuration system 500 , and specifically the activation device 502 of the dopant delivery configuration system 500 .
- the process proceeds to block 614 wherein the dopant 112 is delivered.
- the dopant 112 can be delivered by the dopant delivery system 114 including, for example, the dopant delivery device 116 .
- the dopant 112 can be delivered by the contact lens delivery system 400 by placement of the contact lens 402 of the contact lens delivery system 400 on the eye 102 , and specifically on the cornea 104 of the eye 102 .
- the process 600 proceeds to block 618 wherein the refractive state of the eye 102 can be measured.
- this step can be performed in the same manner as that performed in block 602 above, and the information measured in this step can be used to determine the success of the noninvasive refractive treatment.
- the process 600 proceeds to decision state 620 wherein it is determined if the measured refractive state of the eye 102 corresponds with the correct refractive state of the eye. In some embodiments, this determination can be made by the processor 130 of the dopant delivery system 114 based on the comparison of the outcome calculated from the collected aberration data and the calculated correction, and the measured refractive state of the eye. If it is determined that the measured refractive state of the eye 102 does not correspond with the desired outcome of the noninvasive refractive treatment, then the process 600 returns to block 604 . If it is determined that the measured refractive state of the eye 102 does correspond with the desired outcome of the noninvasive refractive treatment, then the process can terminate.
- Implementation of the techniques, blocks, steps and means described above may be done in various ways. For example, these techniques, blocks, steps and means may be implemented in hardware, software, or a combination thereof.
- the processing units may be implemented within one or more application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), digital signal processors (DSPs), digital signal processing devices (DSPDs), programmable logic devices (PLDs), field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), processors, controllers, micro-controllers, microprocessors, other electronic units designed to perform the functions described above, and/or a combination thereof.
- ASICs application specific integrated circuits
- DSPs digital signal processors
- DSPDs digital signal processing devices
- PLDs programmable logic devices
- FPGAs field programmable gate arrays
- processors controllers, micro-controllers, microprocessors, other electronic units designed to perform the functions described above, and/or a combination thereof.
- the embodiments may be described as a process which is depicted as a flowchart, a flow diagram, a swim diagram, a data flow diagram, a structure diagram, or a block diagram. Although a depiction may describe the operations as a sequential process, many of the operations can be performed in parallel or concurrently. In addition, the order of the operations may be re-arranged.
- a process is terminated when its operations are completed, but could have additional steps not included in the figure.
- a process may correspond to a method, a function, a procedure, a subroutine, a subprogram, etc. When a process corresponds to a function, its termination corresponds to a return of the function to the calling function or the main function.
- embodiments may be implemented by hardware, software, scripting languages, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description languages, and/or any combination thereof.
- the program code or code segments to perform the necessary tasks may be stored in a machine readable medium such as a storage medium.
- a code segment or machine-executable instruction may represent a procedure, a function, a subprogram, a program, a routine, a subroutine, a module, a software package, a script, a class, or any combination of instructions, data structures, and/or program statements.
- a code segment may be coupled to another code segment or a hardware circuit by passing and/or receiving information, data, arguments, parameters, and/or memory contents. Information, arguments, parameters, data, etc. may be passed, forwarded, or transmitted via any suitable means including memory sharing, message passing, token passing, network transmission, etc.
- the methodologies may be implemented with modules (e.g., procedures, functions, and so on) that perform the functions described herein.
- Any machine-readable medium tangibly embodying instructions may be used in implementing the methodologies described herein.
- software codes may be stored in a memory.
- Memory may be implemented within the processor or external to the processor.
- the term “memory” refers to any type of long term, short term, volatile, nonvolatile, or other storage medium and is not to be limited to any particular type of memory or number of memories, or type of media upon which memory is stored.
- the term “storage medium” may represent one or more memories for storing data, including read only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic RAM, core memory, magnetic disk storage mediums, optical storage mediums, flash memory devices and/or other machine readable mediums for storing information.
- ROM read only memory
- RAM random access memory
- magnetic RAM magnetic RAM
- core memory magnetic disk storage mediums
- optical storage mediums flash memory devices and/or other machine readable mediums for storing information.
- machine-readable medium includes, but is not limited to portable or fixed storage devices, optical storage devices, and/or various other storage mediums capable of storing that contain or carry instruction(s) and/or data.
Abstract
Description
- This application is a divisional of and claims priority to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/199,766, filed Mar. 6, 2014, which claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/794,070, filed on Mar. 15, 2013, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
- Embodiments of the present invention generally relate to optical treatment and more particularly to non-invasive refractive treatment method based on sub wavelength particle implantation.
- Non-spectacle, non-contact lens refractive correction generally involves the use invasive surgical techniques that require a healing period, may reduce the integrity of the cornea, and which can lead to undesired side effects such as night halos, dry eye syndrome, and increased higher order aberrations. A new refractive treatment method based on sub wavelength particle implantation can accomplish similar treatments with far less invasive procedures and no appreciable weakening of the cornea.
- The field of the invention relates to systems and methods for optical treatment and more particularly to non-invasive refractive treatment method based on sub wavelength particle implantation. In an embodiment, a method for optical treatment identifies an optical aberration of an eye, determines a dopant delivery device configuration in response to the optical aberration of the eye, wherein the determined dopant delivery device is configured to impose a desired correction to the eye to mitigate the identified optical aberration of the eye by applying a doping pattern to the eye so as to locally change a refractive index of the eye.
- Other systems, methods, features, and advantages of the invention will be or will become apparent to one with skill in the art upon examination of the following drawings and detailed description. It is intended that all such additional systems, methods, features, and advantages be included within this description, be within the scope of the invention, and be protected by the accompanying claims.
- The present disclosure is described in conjunction with the appended figures:
-
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of one embodiment of a non-invasive refractive treatment system; -
FIG. 1A is a schematic illustration of one embodiment of a dopant delivery device; -
FIGS. 2A-2B are graph's depicting changes in refractive properties of an eye caused by the implantation of a dopant in the eye; -
FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of embodiments of dopant distribution in the eye; -
FIGS. 4A-4C are schematic illustrations of one embodiment of a contact lens dopant delivery system; -
FIG. 5 is a schematic depict embodiments of a dopant delivery configuring system; and -
FIG. 6 is a flowchart illustrating one embodiment of a process for non-invasive refractive treatment. - In the appended figures, similar components and/or features may have the same reference label. Where the reference label is used in the specification, the description is applicable to any one of the similar components having the same reference label. Further, various components of the same type may be distinguished by following the reference label by a dash and a second label that distinguishes among the similar components. If only the first reference label is used in the specification, the description is applicable to any one of the similar components having the same first reference label irrespective of the second reference label
- The ensuing description provides preferred exemplary embodiment(s) only, and is not intended to limit the scope, applicability or configuration of the disclosure. Rather, the ensuing description of the preferred exemplary embodiment(s) will provide those skilled in the art with an enabling description for implementing a preferred exemplary embodiment. It is understood that various changes may be made in the function and arrangement of elements without departing from the spirit and scope as set forth in the appended claims.
- In some embodiments, noninvasive refractive treatment can modify the refractive index of the eye, and specifically the corneal refractive index, rather than reshape the cornea to affect a refractive correction. This change in the corneal refractive index can be accomplished through the application of various dopants to the cornea that can include, for example, one or several chemicals and/or nanoparticles.
- The nanoparticles can be metallic, and can enhance the index of refraction through surface plasmon effects, and/or the bulk material from which the nanoparticles are made can be absorptive when in bulk form. The nanoparticles may contain inorganic, high index of refraction, transparent materials such as, for example, ZrO2 embedded in inorganic polymers. The nanoparticles and/or their host material can be tailored to bond with specific cell organelles or structures to resist diffusion.
- In some embodiments in which nanoparticles are applied to the cornea, the nanoparticles can have a size that is smaller than, and in some embodiments, much smaller than the wavelength of visible light. In some embodiments in which nanoparticles are applied to the cornea, the nanoparticles can have an index of refraction that is different than the index of refraction of the cornea, and in some embodiments, the nanoparticles can have an index of refraction that is substantially different than the index of refraction of the cornea.
- The implantation of nanoparticles having an index of refraction different than that of the cornea can result in a change in the local index of refraction of the cornea in proportion to the number of nanoparticles implanted in a given volume of the cornea, or in other words, the density of the implanted nanoparticles. In some embodiments, the density and/or lateral distribution of the nanoparticles can vary across the cornea of the eye, which variance can result in a varying index of refraction across the cornea of the eye. This varying index of refraction across the cornea of the eye, caused by the unequal distribution of the nanoparticles, allows treatment of optical aberrations including, myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism, mixed astigmatism, and/or any other lower or higher order aberrations.
- In some embodiments, the dopant applied to the cornea to affect the change in the refractive index of the cornea can have a variety of interactions with the corneal tissue. In some embodiments, for example, these dopants can be nonreactive with the corneal tissue and merely be suspended within the corneal tissue, and specifically, in some embodiments, within the corneal stroma, and in some embodiments, these dopants can bind with corneal tissue to thereby secure their position within the cornea. In some embodiments, nanoparticle materials can be selected to be biocompatible with the tissue of the cornea and/or to chemically bond to the corneal tissue. In some embodiments in which nanoparticles are used for altering the index of refraction of the cornea, nanoparticles as small as, for example, 1 nanometer, 5 nanometers, 10 nanometers, 20 nanometers, 30 nanometers, 50 nanometers, 100 nanometers, 500 nanometers, and/or any other desired or intermediate size can be used. In some embodiments, particles can be size so as to allow painless placement in the cornea and so as to prevent light scatter.
- Insertion of dopants including, for example, one or several chemicals and/or one or several nanoparticles, into the cornea can be achieved using a variety of techniques. In some embodiments, for example, the dopants can be inserted into the cornea via high velocity impingement on the exterior surfaces of the cornea. In some embodiments, for example, the velocity of the dopants can be configured so as to allow penetration to the desired depth into the cornea. In some embodiments, for example, the dopants can be inserted into the cornea via diffusion. In some embodiments, the dopants can be configured such that they diffuse to the proper depth within the cornea, and then maintain their position at that desired depth.
- With reference now to
FIG. 1 , a schematic illustration of one embodiment of a noninvasiverefractive treatment system 100 is shown. The noninvasiverefractive treatment system 100 can provide noninvasive refractive treatment to a patient. Advantageously, such treatments allow short recovery periods, can be repeated and/or adjusted based on future changes to the patient's eye, and/or can compensate for over and/or under treatment in a previous procedure. - The noninvasive
refractive treatment system 100 includes aneye 102. Theeye 102 can be any eye, and can be, for example, a human eye. Theeye 102 includes thecornea 104, thelens 106, theretina 108, and theoptic nerve 110. In the embodiment depicted inFIG. 1 , a plurality ofdopants 112 have been deposited with in thecornea 104 of theeye 102. In some embodiments, these dopants can be, for example, nanoparticles. - As further seen in
FIG. 1 , the noninvasiverefractive treatment system 100 can include adopant delivery system 114. In some embodiments, thedopant delivery system 114 can be configured to measure the aberration of theeye 102, determine a dopant profile for compensating and/or correcting for the aberration, and to deliver dopant to theeye 102, and specifically to thecornea 104 of theeye 102. - In some embodiments, the
dopant delivery system 114 includes adopant delivery device 116 that delivers thedopant 112 to theeye 102. In some embodiments, thedopant delivery device 116 can include features configured to accelerate the dopant to a desired velocity to allow penetration of the dopant to a desired depth into thecornea 104. In such an embodiment, thedopant delivery system 114 can control the dopant delivery device and can further include features configured to calculate the necessary penetration velocity of the dopant. This process can include determining a property of thecornea 104 such as, for example, the elasticity, thickness, toughness, and/or any other property relevant to penetration of dopant into thecornea 104, and using this property in combination with the mass of the dopant to determine the velocity for dopant penetration to a desired depth to thecornea 104. - In some embodiments, the insertion of the
dopant 112 into thecornea 104 can be facilitated by one or several piezoelectric transducers. In some embodiments, thedopant 112 can be ionized, and can be accelerated to the desired velocity for dopant insertion into thecornea 104. - As seen in
FIG. 1 , thedopant 112 can be delivered 118 from thedopant delivery device 116 to thecornea 104. In embodiments in which thedopant 112 is delivered to thecornea 104 at a penetrating velocity, the direction of the velocity of thedopant 112 can be calculated and/or controlled to allow insertion of thedopant 112 into desired portions of the cornea. In some embodiments, for example, the same techniques used to accelerate thedopant 112 can be further used to control the direction of the velocity of thedopant 12. - In some embodiments,
dopant delivery system 114 can be used in connection with other devices and components that can, for example, measure the aberration of theeye 102, perform calculations relating to the aberration of theeye 102, and/or configure thedopant delivery device 114. These other devices and/or components can be integrated within the non-invasiverefractive treatment system 100. - With reference now to
FIG. 1A , a schematic illustration of one embodiment of thedopant delivery system 114 is shown. Thedopant delivery system 114 can be configured to deliverdopant 112 to theeye 102. In some embodiments, thedopant delivery system 114 includes aprocessor 130. Theprocessor 130 can provide instructions to, and receive information from the other components of thedopant delivery system 114. Theprocessor 130 can act according to stored instructions to control the other components of thedopant delivery system 114. Theprocessor 200 can comprise a microprocessor, such as a microprocessor from Intel® or Advanced Micro Devices, Inc.®, or the like. - The
dopant delivery system 114 can include an input/output interface 132. The input/output interface 132 communicates information, including outputs, to, and receives inputs from a user. The input/output interface 132 can include a screen, a speaker, a monitor, a keyboard, a microphone, a mouse, a touchpad, a keypad, and/or any other feature or features that can receive inputs from a user and provide information to a user. In some embodiments, the input/output interface 132 can provide outputs to, and receive inputs from a user including a doctor. In some embodiments, the input/output interface 132 can be configured to allow the user including the doctor to control the operation of thedopant delivery system 114, and to specifically control the interaction of thedopant delivery system 114 with the patient. - The
dopant delivery system 114 can comprise acommunication engine 134. Thecommunication engine 134 can allow thedopant delivery system 114 to communicatingly connect with other devices, and can allow thedopant delivery system 114 to send and receive information from other devices. Thecommunication engine 134 can include features configured to send and receive information, including, for example, an antenna, a modem, a transmitter, a receiver, or any other feature that can send and receive information. Thecommunication engine 134 can communicate via telephone, cable, fiber-optic, or any other wired communication network. In some embodiments, thecommunication engine 134 can communicate via cellular networks, WLAN networks, or any other wireless network. - The
dopant delivery system 114 includes ameasurement engine 136. In some embodiments, for example, themeasurement engine 136 can be configured to measure aberration data relating to theeye 102. Themeasurement engine 136 can use any technique and/or desired features to measure the aberration relating to theeye 102. In some embodiments, themeasurement engine 136 can include a phoroptor and/or aberrometer. - The
dopant delivery system 114 can include aconfiguration engine 138. In some embodiments, theconfiguration engine 138 can include features that can configured thedopant delivery device 116 for delivering thedopant 112 to theeye 102. In some embodiments, theconfiguration engine 138 can comprise an activation device. The activation device will be discussed in greater detail below. - The
dopant delivery system 114 can includememory 140. Thememory 140 can include stored instructions that, when executed by theprocessor 130, control the operation of thedopant delivery system 114. - In some embodiments, the
memory 140 can include adopant database 142. Thedopant database 142 can include information relating to thedopant 112 such as, for example, information relating to the effect of the dopant on the index of refraction of theeye 102, doping patterns that can be used as corrections for optical aberrations, and information relating to the configuration of thedopant delivery device 114. - The
memory 140 can include ascan database 144. Thescan database 144 can include data generated by themeasurement engine 134. This information can relate to the aberration theeye 102, refractive state of theeye 102 after performing the noninvasive refractive treatment. - The
dopant delivery system 114 can include afeature 146 communicatingly linking all of the components of thedopant delivery system 114. In some embodiments, thisfeature 146 can comprise, for example, a bus. - With reference now to
FIGS. 2A-2B , graph's depicting changes in refractive properties of aneye 102 caused by the implantation of adopant 112 in theeye 102 are shown. Specifically, the graphs depict the impact of the uniform implantation of nanoparticles having a refractive index higher than the refractive index of the cornea into the corneal tissue. Specifically,FIG. 2A includesgraph 200 which depicts the effective corneal index as a function of the implanted fraction ofdopant 112, andFIG. 2B includesgraph 202 which depicts the corneal power change as a function of the implanted fraction ofdopant 112. - As seen in
FIGS. 2A-2B , the nominal corneal effective refractive index is approximately 1.337. Further, the mean human corneal radius of curvature is approximately 7.8 mm. The combination of the nominal corneal effective refractive index and the mean human corneal radius of curvature results in an effective corneal power of approximately 43.2 diopters. The above figures depict the change in the effective corneal index and corneal power resulting from the implantation of nanoparticles having an index of refraction of 1.65. As seen inFIGS. 2A-2B , as the fractional percent of implanted nanoparticles increases, the effective corneal index likewise increases, and the corneal power changes. For example, and based onFIGS. 2A-2B , when the fraction of nanoparticles implanted reaches 1%, the local index of refraction increases to 1.35 and the corneal power increases by approximately 2.1 dpt. - With reference now to
FIG. 3 , a schematic illustration of embodiments ofdopant 112 distribution in theeye 102 is shown. In some embodiments, thedopant 112 distributions in theeye 102 shown inFIG. 3 can comprise non-uniform distribution patterns. These non-uniform distribution patterns can be used in the treatment of specific refractive problems. Non-uniform distributions can effectively lead to a graded index of refraction useful for treating all the common refractive conditions, in some cases with reduced implant rates. -
FIG. 3 depicts a first distribution pattern 300-A occurring in the first pupil 302-A. In this first distribution pattern 300-A,dopant 112 is concentrated in the center of the pupil 302-A. In some embodiments, the concentration ofdopant 112 in the center the pupil 302-A, and specifically lateral distributions of high index particles concentrated at the center of the pupil 302-A can be used to increase the corneal power for treating hyperopia. -
FIG. 3 depicts a second distribution pattern 300-B occurring in the second pupil 302-B. In the second distribution pattern 300-B,dopant 112 is concentrated radially around the periphery of the pupil 302-B. In some embodiments, the concentration ofdopant 112 around the radial periphery of the pupil 302-B, and specifically lateral distributions with a minimum number of particles at the pupil center can be used to reduce the corneal power and thereby treat myopia. -
FIG. 3 depicts a third distribution pattern 300-C occurring in the third pupil 302-C. In the third distribution pattern 300-C,dopant 112 is cylindrically distributed perpendicular to the fast axis of the pupil 302-C. In some embodiments, the cylindrical distribution perpendicular to the fast axis of the pupil 302-C, and/or an elliptical distribution can be used to treat astigmatism. - Similarly, other dopant distribution patterns can be used to treat other optical aberrations including, for example, higher order aberrations. Specifically, higher order aberrations can be treated through other non-uniform particle distribution patterns.
- With reference now to
FIGS. 4A-4C , schematic illustrations of one embodiment of a contact lensdopant delivery system 400 are shown. The contact lensdopant delivery system 400 is a subset of thedopant delivery device 116. In some embodiments, the contact lensdopant delivery system 400 can be configured to deliverdopant 112 to theeye 102, and specifically to thecornea 104 of theeye 102. In some embodiments, the contact lensdopant delivery system 400 can be configured for placement on a portion of theeye 102 such as, for example, on top of thecornea 104 of theeye 102. In some embodiments, the contact lensdopant delivery system 400 can includedopant 112 embedded and/or applied onto portions of the contact lensdopant delivery system 400. - In some embodiments, the
dopant 112 can be uniformly distributed throughout thecontact lens 402, so as to allow the customization of thecontact lens 402 to treat a range of desired aberrations. In some embodiments, thedopant 112 can be non-uniformly distributed throughout thecontact lens 402. In some such embodiments, the non-uniform distribution ofdopant 112 can allow the pre-configuration of the contact lens for treatment of a specific type and/or strength of aberration. In embodiments in which thedopant 112 is pre-distributed throughout thecontact lens 402 to allow the treatment of a specific type and/or strength of aberration, the contact lensdopant delivery system 100 can comprise one orseveral contact lenses 402 which can be applied to the eye, singly, or in succession to treat a specified aberration including, for example, a type and a strength of aberration. - This
dopant 112 can be transferred to theeye 102, and specifically to thecornea 104 of the eye when the contact lensdopant delivery system 400 is placed on theeye 102. - With reference now to
FIG. 4A , a side view of one embodiment of the contact lensdopant delivery system 400 is shown. The contact lensdopant delivery system 400 includes acontact lens 402 that can comprise a variety of shapes and sizes. In some embodiments, for example, thecontact lens 402 can be sized to cover and/or substantially cover thecornea 104. In some embodiments, thecontact lens 402 can comprise a variety of materials. In some embodiments, for example, thecontact lens 402 can comprise a biocompatible material. - The
contact lens 402 comprises a front 404 and an opposing back 406. In some embodiments, thecontact lens 402 can comprise a convex shape configured for placement onto thecornea 104 of theeye 102, which shape can advantageously increase the contact area of the back 406 of thecontact lens 402 with thecornea 104 of theeye 102. In some embodiments, for example, all or portions of thecontact lens 402 can comprise adopant carrier 408. In some embodiments, thedopant carrier 408 can be configured to releasably contain thedopant 112. In some embodiments, for example, thedopant carrier 408 can be configured to retain thedopant 112 in thecontact lens 402 unless thedopant 112 is activated, which activation can allow thedopant 112 to be released from thecontact lens 402, and specifically from thedopant carrier 408 of thecontact lens 402. In some embodiments, for example, the activation of thedopant 112 can comprise a change in the shape, composition, and/or properties of the dopant and/or thedopant carrier 408. - With reference now to
FIG. 4B , a front view of one embodiment of the contactlens delivery system 400 is shown. As seen inFIG. 4B , thecontact lens 402 can comprise a circular shape when viewed from the front. In some embodiments, thecontact lens 402 can comprise anorienting feature 412. This orientingfeature 412 can advantageously facilitate in orienting thecontact lens 402 on theeye 102. This can allow use of the contact lensdopant delivery system 400 in the treatment of astigmatism and/or higher order aberrations. In some embodiments, the orientingfeature 412 can be configured to automatically orient thecontact lens 402 on theeye 102 such as, for example, when the patient blinks theireye 102. - With reference now to
FIG. 4C , side view of one embodiment of the noninvasiverefractive treatment system 100 is shown. In this embodiment, the contactlens delivery system 400 is shown placed on theeye 102 so that the back 406 of thecontact lens 402 is contacting thecornea 104 of theeye 102. In this embodiment, activateddopant 112 can be delivered to thecornea 104 of theeye 102, which delivery can affect a change in the index of refraction of thecornea 104 and thereby alter a refractive property of theeye 102. In embodiments in which thedopant 112 is activated according to a doping pattern configured to compensate for an optical aberration of the eye, the activateddopant 112 can remedy and/or provide for the noninvasive treatment of the optical aberration of theeye 102. - With reference now to
FIG. 5 , a schematic illustration of one embodiment of a dopantdelivery configuration system 500 is shown. In some embodiments, for example, the dopantdelivery configuration system 500 can comprise thecontact lens 402 and anactivation device 502. The dopantdelivery configuration system 500 can be configured to activate thedopant 112 in and/or on thecontact lens 402 so as to allow the delivery of thedopant 112 to thecornea 104 of theeye 102. - The
activation device 502 can comprise any device configured to activate thedopant 112 by changing the shape, composition, and/or properties of thedopant 112 and/or thedopant carrier 408. In some embodiments, for example, theactivation device 502 can activate the dopant via the irradiation of thecontact lens 402 including, for example, thedopant 112 and/or thedopant carrier 408, the application of one or several chemicals to thecontact lens 402 including, for example, thedopant 112 and/or thedopant carrier 408, and/or via the mechanical interaction with thecontact lens 402 including, for example, thedopant 112 and/or thedopant carrier 408. As seen inFIG. 5 , theactivation device 502 is interacting 504 with thecontact lens 402 so as to activate thedopant 112. In some embodiments, thisinteraction 504 can be controlled so that desired portions of thedopant 112 are activated and so that other portions of thedopant 112 are not activated. Advantageously, selective activation of portions of thedopant 112 on thecontact lens 402 can allow treatment of different aberrations including, for example, lower order aberrations and/or higher order aberrations. - With reference now to
FIG. 6 , a flowchart illustrating one embodiment of aprocess 600 for noninvasive refractive treatment is shown. In some embodiments, thisprocess 600 can be used to providedopant 112 to portions of theeye 102 including, for example, to thecornea 104. In some embodiments, theprocess 600 can be performed using noninvasiverefractive treatment system 100, and specifically thedopant delivery system 114, the contactlens delivery system 400, and/or theactivation device 502. - The
process 600 can begin atblock 602 wherein aberration data is received. In some embodiments, for example, the aberration data can be received from any device capable of identifying and/or detecting optical aberration in aneye 102. In some embodiments, for example, the aberration data can be received from a phoroptor, an aberrometer, and/or any other desired device capable of collecting this data, and in some embodiments, this information can be received from themeasurement engine 136 and/or any component of themeasurement engine 136. In some embodiments, this information can be generated by component other than thedopant delivery system 114 and can be communicated to the noninvasive refractive treatment system via thecommunication engine 134. In some embodiments, the received aberration data can be stored in thememory 140 including, for example thescan database 144. - After the aberration data is collected, the
process 600 proceeds to block 604 wherein the correction for the collected aberration data is calculated. In some embodiments, the calculation of the correction can be performed by a component ofdopant delivery system 114, and in some embodiments, the calculation of the correction can be performed by a component and/or device other than thedopant delivery system 114. In some embodiments, for example, the correction can be calculated by a component of thedopant delivery system 114 including, for example, theprocessor 130. In some embodiments, the correction can be calculated with inputs regarding the details of the anatomy of theeye 102 including, for example, the details of the size and shape of theeye 102 and/or the components of theeye 102. In some embodiments in which a phoropter is used to collect aberration data, the calculation of the correction can be likewise received from the phoropter via, for example, thecommunications engine 134. - After the correction has been calculated, the
process 600 proceeds to block 606 wherein the change in the index of refraction that will result in achieving the correction is calculated. In some embodiments, this calculation can be performed as part of the step performed inblock 604 discussed above, in some embodiments, this step can be performed separate from step performed inblock 604 discussed above. In some embodiments, this calculation can be performed by components of thedopant delivery system 114, and in some embodiments, this calculation can be performed by components other than those of thedopant delivery system 114. In some embodiments, this calculation can comprise the generation of an index of refraction profile indicating the locations of changes to the index of refraction on thecornea 104 of theeye 102, in the magnitude of the changes to the index of refraction of thecornea 104 of theeye 102. - After the change in the index of refraction is calculated, the
process 600 proceeds to block 608 wherein the doping pattern that creates indices of refraction within thecornea 104 corresponding to the index of refraction profile is generated. In some embodiments, the doping pattern can be generated by a component of thedopant delivery system 114 including, for example, theprocessor 130 and can be based off of information retrieved from thedopant database 142 and thescan database 144. In some embodiments, the doping pattern can include information identifying the location for the placement ofdopant 112 on theeye 102, and specifically on thecornea 104 of the eye, and the concentration of thedopant 112 in those locations. - After the doping pattern is been calculated, the
process 600 proceeds to block 612 wherein thedopant delivery device 116 is configured. In some embodiments, for example, the configuring of thedopant delivery device 116 can comprise making changes to thedopant delivery device 116 so that thedopant delivery device 116 deliversdopant 112 to portions of theeye 102 including, for example, thecornea 104, specified by the doping pattern. In some embodiments, thedopant delivery device 116 can be configured by theconfiguration engine 138 and/or a component of the configuration engine. In some embodiments, this component of the configuration engine 148 can include the dopantdelivery configuration system 500, and specifically theactivation device 502 of the dopantdelivery configuration system 500. - After the dopant delivery device has been configured, the process proceeds to block 614 wherein the
dopant 112 is delivered. In some embodiments, for example, thedopant 112 can be delivered by thedopant delivery system 114 including, for example, thedopant delivery device 116. In one specific embodiment, thedopant 112 can be delivered by the contactlens delivery system 400 by placement of thecontact lens 402 of the contactlens delivery system 400 on theeye 102, and specifically on thecornea 104 of theeye 102. - After the dopant is been delivered, the
process 600 proceeds to block 618 wherein the refractive state of theeye 102 can be measured. In some embodiments, this step can be performed in the same manner as that performed inblock 602 above, and the information measured in this step can be used to determine the success of the noninvasive refractive treatment. - After the refractive student the
eye 102 has been measured, theprocess 600 proceeds todecision state 620 wherein it is determined if the measured refractive state of theeye 102 corresponds with the correct refractive state of the eye. In some embodiments, this determination can be made by theprocessor 130 of thedopant delivery system 114 based on the comparison of the outcome calculated from the collected aberration data and the calculated correction, and the measured refractive state of the eye. If it is determined that the measured refractive state of theeye 102 does not correspond with the desired outcome of the noninvasive refractive treatment, then theprocess 600 returns to block 604. If it is determined that the measured refractive state of theeye 102 does correspond with the desired outcome of the noninvasive refractive treatment, then the process can terminate. - A number of variations and modifications of the disclosed embodiments can also be used. Specific details are given in the above description to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments. However, it is understood that the embodiments may be practiced without these specific details. For example, well-known circuits, processes, algorithms, structures, and techniques may be shown without unnecessary detail in order to avoid obscuring the embodiments.
- Implementation of the techniques, blocks, steps and means described above may be done in various ways. For example, these techniques, blocks, steps and means may be implemented in hardware, software, or a combination thereof. For a hardware implementation, the processing units may be implemented within one or more application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), digital signal processors (DSPs), digital signal processing devices (DSPDs), programmable logic devices (PLDs), field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), processors, controllers, micro-controllers, microprocessors, other electronic units designed to perform the functions described above, and/or a combination thereof.
- Also, it is noted that the embodiments may be described as a process which is depicted as a flowchart, a flow diagram, a swim diagram, a data flow diagram, a structure diagram, or a block diagram. Although a depiction may describe the operations as a sequential process, many of the operations can be performed in parallel or concurrently. In addition, the order of the operations may be re-arranged. A process is terminated when its operations are completed, but could have additional steps not included in the figure. A process may correspond to a method, a function, a procedure, a subroutine, a subprogram, etc. When a process corresponds to a function, its termination corresponds to a return of the function to the calling function or the main function.
- Furthermore, embodiments may be implemented by hardware, software, scripting languages, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description languages, and/or any combination thereof. When implemented in software, firmware, middleware, scripting language, and/or microcode, the program code or code segments to perform the necessary tasks may be stored in a machine readable medium such as a storage medium. A code segment or machine-executable instruction may represent a procedure, a function, a subprogram, a program, a routine, a subroutine, a module, a software package, a script, a class, or any combination of instructions, data structures, and/or program statements. A code segment may be coupled to another code segment or a hardware circuit by passing and/or receiving information, data, arguments, parameters, and/or memory contents. Information, arguments, parameters, data, etc. may be passed, forwarded, or transmitted via any suitable means including memory sharing, message passing, token passing, network transmission, etc.
- For a firmware and/or software implementation, the methodologies may be implemented with modules (e.g., procedures, functions, and so on) that perform the functions described herein. Any machine-readable medium tangibly embodying instructions may be used in implementing the methodologies described herein. For example, software codes may be stored in a memory. Memory may be implemented within the processor or external to the processor. As used herein the term “memory” refers to any type of long term, short term, volatile, nonvolatile, or other storage medium and is not to be limited to any particular type of memory or number of memories, or type of media upon which memory is stored.
- Moreover, as disclosed herein, the term “storage medium” may represent one or more memories for storing data, including read only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic RAM, core memory, magnetic disk storage mediums, optical storage mediums, flash memory devices and/or other machine readable mediums for storing information. The term “machine-readable medium” includes, but is not limited to portable or fixed storage devices, optical storage devices, and/or various other storage mediums capable of storing that contain or carry instruction(s) and/or data.
- While the principles of the disclosure have been described above in connection with specific apparatuses and methods, it is to be clearly understood that this description is made only by way of example and not as limitation on the scope of the disclosure.
Claims (16)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US17/304,014 US20210298891A1 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2021-06-11 | Non-invasive refractive treatment using nanoparticles |
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US201361794070P | 2013-03-15 | 2013-03-15 | |
US14/199,766 US9241901B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2014-03-06 | Non-invasive refractive treatment using nanoparticles |
US14/971,897 US9642698B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2015-12-16 | Non-invasive refractive treatment using nanoparticles |
US15/470,785 US11033380B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2017-03-27 | Non-invasive refractive treatment using nanoparticles |
US17/304,014 US20210298891A1 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2021-06-11 | Non-invasive refractive treatment using nanoparticles |
Related Parent Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US15/470,785 Continuation US11033380B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2017-03-27 | Non-invasive refractive treatment using nanoparticles |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20210298891A1 true US20210298891A1 (en) | 2021-09-30 |
Family
ID=50349962
Family Applications (5)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US14/199,766 Active 2034-04-05 US9241901B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2014-03-06 | Non-invasive refractive treatment using nanoparticles |
US14/971,897 Active US9642698B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2015-12-16 | Non-invasive refractive treatment using nanoparticles |
US14/971,861 Active US9603699B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2015-12-16 | Non-invasive refractive treatment using nanoparticles |
US15/470,785 Active 2034-12-11 US11033380B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2017-03-27 | Non-invasive refractive treatment using nanoparticles |
US17/304,014 Pending US20210298891A1 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2021-06-11 | Non-invasive refractive treatment using nanoparticles |
Family Applications Before (4)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US14/199,766 Active 2034-04-05 US9241901B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2014-03-06 | Non-invasive refractive treatment using nanoparticles |
US14/971,897 Active US9642698B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2015-12-16 | Non-invasive refractive treatment using nanoparticles |
US14/971,861 Active US9603699B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2015-12-16 | Non-invasive refractive treatment using nanoparticles |
US15/470,785 Active 2034-12-11 US11033380B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2017-03-27 | Non-invasive refractive treatment using nanoparticles |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (5) | US9241901B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2967990A1 (en) |
AU (2) | AU2014237761B2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2906338A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2014149884A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2018534979A (en) | 2015-10-23 | 2018-11-29 | ザ・トラスティーズ・オブ・コロンビア・ユニバーシティ・イン・ザ・シティ・オブ・ニューヨーク | Laser-induced collagen cross-linking in tissue |
DE102016208012A1 (en) | 2016-05-10 | 2017-11-16 | Carl Zeiss Meditec Ag | Eye surgery procedure |
WO2017214604A1 (en) | 2016-06-10 | 2017-12-14 | The Trustees Of Columbia University In The City Of New York | Devices, methods, and systems for detection of collagen tissue features |
EP3378439A1 (en) * | 2017-03-24 | 2018-09-26 | Kejako Sa | Intracorneal implant |
US11666481B1 (en) | 2017-12-01 | 2023-06-06 | The Trustees Of Columbia University In The City Of New York | Diagnosis and treatment of collagen-containing tissues |
US11529230B2 (en) | 2019-04-05 | 2022-12-20 | Amo Groningen B.V. | Systems and methods for correcting power of an intraocular lens using refractive index writing |
US11944574B2 (en) | 2019-04-05 | 2024-04-02 | Amo Groningen B.V. | Systems and methods for multiple layer intraocular lens and using refractive index writing |
US11678975B2 (en) | 2019-04-05 | 2023-06-20 | Amo Groningen B.V. | Systems and methods for treating ocular disease with an intraocular lens and refractive index writing |
US11583388B2 (en) | 2019-04-05 | 2023-02-21 | Amo Groningen B.V. | Systems and methods for spectacle independence using refractive index writing with an intraocular lens |
US11564839B2 (en) | 2019-04-05 | 2023-01-31 | Amo Groningen B.V. | Systems and methods for vergence matching of an intraocular lens with refractive index writing |
US11583389B2 (en) | 2019-04-05 | 2023-02-21 | Amo Groningen B.V. | Systems and methods for correcting photic phenomenon from an intraocular lens and using refractive index writing |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20110208300A1 (en) * | 2008-04-04 | 2011-08-25 | ForSight Labs. LLC | Corneal Onlay Devices and Methods |
US20140171927A1 (en) * | 2012-12-19 | 2014-06-19 | Telesto GmbH | Laser therapy system for noninvasive correction of the refractive system of the eye |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4461294A (en) * | 1982-01-20 | 1984-07-24 | Baron Neville A | Apparatus and process for recurving the cornea of an eye |
US5779696A (en) * | 1990-07-23 | 1998-07-14 | Sunrise Technologies International, Inc. | Method and apparatus for performing corneal reshaping to correct ocular refractive errors |
US7655002B2 (en) * | 1996-03-21 | 2010-02-02 | Second Sight Laser Technologies, Inc. | Lenticular refractive surgery of presbyopia, other refractive errors, and cataract retardation |
EP1061873B1 (en) * | 1998-03-09 | 2005-11-02 | Ista Pharmaceuticals, Inc | Use of glyceraldehyde as corneal hardening agents |
US20050182488A1 (en) * | 2001-04-27 | 2005-08-18 | Peyman Gholam A. | Implant and method for altering the refractive properties of the eye |
US9155652B2 (en) * | 2001-11-07 | 2015-10-13 | Gholam A. Peyman | Method for laser correction of refractive errors of an eye with a thin cornea |
US9060847B2 (en) * | 2008-05-19 | 2015-06-23 | University Of Rochester | Optical hydrogel material with photosensitizer and method for modifying the refractive index |
EP3146946A1 (en) * | 2010-03-08 | 2017-03-29 | Abbott Medical Optics Inc. | Method for using microelectromechanical systems to generate movement in a vitrectomy cutter |
-
2014
- 2014-03-06 AU AU2014237761A patent/AU2014237761B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2014-03-06 US US14/199,766 patent/US9241901B2/en active Active
- 2014-03-06 EP EP14712516.5A patent/EP2967990A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2014-03-06 CA CA2906338A patent/CA2906338A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2014-03-06 WO PCT/US2014/021359 patent/WO2014149884A1/en active Application Filing
-
2015
- 2015-12-16 US US14/971,897 patent/US9642698B2/en active Active
- 2015-12-16 US US14/971,861 patent/US9603699B2/en active Active
-
2017
- 2017-03-27 US US15/470,785 patent/US11033380B2/en active Active
-
2018
- 2018-08-06 AU AU2018211355A patent/AU2018211355A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2021
- 2021-06-11 US US17/304,014 patent/US20210298891A1/en active Pending
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20110208300A1 (en) * | 2008-04-04 | 2011-08-25 | ForSight Labs. LLC | Corneal Onlay Devices and Methods |
US20140171927A1 (en) * | 2012-12-19 | 2014-06-19 | Telesto GmbH | Laser therapy system for noninvasive correction of the refractive system of the eye |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US11033380B2 (en) | 2021-06-15 |
US9241901B2 (en) | 2016-01-26 |
AU2014237761B2 (en) | 2018-05-10 |
US20160101045A1 (en) | 2016-04-14 |
WO2014149884A1 (en) | 2014-09-25 |
EP2967990A1 (en) | 2016-01-20 |
US20160100937A1 (en) | 2016-04-14 |
US20170196680A1 (en) | 2017-07-13 |
US20140342016A1 (en) | 2014-11-20 |
US9603699B2 (en) | 2017-03-28 |
CA2906338A1 (en) | 2014-09-25 |
AU2018211355A1 (en) | 2018-08-23 |
AU2014237761A1 (en) | 2015-10-08 |
US9642698B2 (en) | 2017-05-09 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US20210298891A1 (en) | Non-invasive refractive treatment using nanoparticles | |
US10463735B2 (en) | Method and apparatus for adjusting corneal curvature through digital corneal crosslinking | |
TWI618527B (en) | Surgical guidance and planning software for astigmatism treatment | |
JP2013501597A (en) | Corneal inlay with nutrient transport structure | |
Shetty et al. | Customized corneal cross-linking using different UVA beam profiles | |
US20040002697A1 (en) | Biconic ablation with controlled spherical aberration | |
EP3005995B1 (en) | Annular device | |
CA2490652C (en) | Myopia correction enhancing biodynamic ablation | |
Bagheri et al. | Effects of intracorneal ring segments implementation technique and design on corneal biomechanics and keratometry in a personalized computational analysis | |
De Novelli et al. | Net technique for intraocular lens support in aphakia without capsular support | |
WO2018203342A2 (en) | Shaped corneal segments: corneal allogenic intra-stromal devices (ring segments and rings, modified discs, modifications) for inducing shape change, regularization and stabilization of cornea in corneal ectasia and other corneal conditions and for correction of refractive errors | |
Abbondanza et al. | Long-term results of mini asymmetric radial keratotomy and corneal cross-linking for the treatment of keratoconus | |
Jarade et al. | Visian toric ICL implantation for residual refractive errors after ICRS implantation and corneal collagen cross-linking in keratoconus | |
Kılıç et al. | Intracorneal ring segments: types, indications and outcomes | |
Spadea et al. | Sliding keratoplasty followed by transepithelial iontophoresis collagen cross-linking for pellucid marginal degeneration | |
RU2661059C2 (en) | Method of treating presbyopia | |
CN110290768B (en) | Optimization of spherical aberration parameters for corneal laser treatment | |
Stein et al. | Corneal laser procedure for vision improvement in patients with late stage dry age-related macular degeneration-a retrospective observational cohort study | |
Veerwal et al. | Management of keratoconus: recent trends | |
Edmonds et al. | LASIK and Surface Ablation in the Modern Era: Trends and Novel Applications | |
Awad et al. | Single-step transepithelial PRK | |
Waring et al. | Cornea-Based Techniques and Technology for Surgical Correction of Presbyopia | |
Dick et al. | June consultation# 8 | |
CN113261915A (en) | Method and device for calculating refraction compensation of initial eye refraction distribution and storage medium | |
Boyle et al. | Spotlight. Spotlight on Cornea-Based Refractive Surgery. |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: AMO DEVELOPMENT, LLC, CALIFORNIA Free format text: MERGER;ASSIGNOR:AMO WAVEFRONT SCIENCES, LLC;REEL/FRAME:056522/0368 Effective date: 20191217 Owner name: AMO WAVEFRONT SCIENCES, LLC, CALIFORNIA Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:RAYMOND, THOMAS D.;COPLAND, RICHARD J.;REEL/FRAME:056522/0362 Effective date: 20140513 |
|
STPP | Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general |
Free format text: DOCKETED NEW CASE - READY FOR EXAMINATION |
|
STPP | Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general |
Free format text: NON FINAL ACTION MAILED |
|
STPP | Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general |
Free format text: NON FINAL ACTION MAILED |
|
STPP | Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general |
Free format text: FINAL REJECTION MAILED |
|
STPP | Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general |
Free format text: RESPONSE AFTER FINAL ACTION FORWARDED TO EXAMINER |
|
STPP | Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general |
Free format text: ADVISORY ACTION MAILED |
|
STCV | Information on status: appeal procedure |
Free format text: NOTICE OF APPEAL FILED |
|
STCV | Information on status: appeal procedure |
Free format text: APPEAL BRIEF (OR SUPPLEMENTAL BRIEF) ENTERED AND FORWARDED TO EXAMINER |
|
STCV | Information on status: appeal procedure |
Free format text: EXAMINER'S ANSWER TO APPEAL BRIEF MAILED |