US20210290630A1 - Pharmaceutical composition containing poorly-soluble basic medicine - Google Patents

Pharmaceutical composition containing poorly-soluble basic medicine Download PDF

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US20210290630A1
US20210290630A1 US17/255,707 US201917255707A US2021290630A1 US 20210290630 A1 US20210290630 A1 US 20210290630A1 US 201917255707 A US201917255707 A US 201917255707A US 2021290630 A1 US2021290630 A1 US 2021290630A1
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magnesium
dissolution
sodium
formulation
basic substance
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Akira Kitayama
Takeshi Sasoh
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Chugai Pharmaceutical Co Ltd
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Chugai Pharmaceutical Co Ltd
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    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/535—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with at least one nitrogen and one oxygen as the ring hetero atoms, e.g. 1,2-oxazines
    • A61K31/5375—1,4-Oxazines, e.g. morpholine
    • A61K31/5377—1,4-Oxazines, e.g. morpholine not condensed and containing further heterocyclic rings, e.g. timolol
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/02—Inorganic compounds
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    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/06—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite
    • A61K47/16—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite containing nitrogen, e.g. nitro-, nitroso-, azo-compounds, nitriles, cyanates
    • A61K47/18—Amines; Amides; Ureas; Quaternary ammonium compounds; Amino acids; Oligopeptides having up to five amino acids
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
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    • A61K47/06—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite
    • A61K47/20—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite containing sulfur, e.g. dimethyl sulfoxide [DMSO], docusate, sodium lauryl sulfate or aminosulfonic acids
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/30—Macromolecular organic or inorganic compounds, e.g. inorganic polyphosphates
    • A61K47/32—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. carbomers, poly(meth)acrylates, or polyvinyl pyrrolidone
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/30—Macromolecular organic or inorganic compounds, e.g. inorganic polyphosphates
    • A61K47/36—Polysaccharides; Derivatives thereof, e.g. gums, starch, alginate, dextrin, hyaluronic acid, chitosan, inulin, agar or pectin
    • A61K47/38—Cellulose; Derivatives thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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    • A61K9/2013—Organic compounds, e.g. phospholipids, fats
    • A61K9/2018—Sugars, or sugar alcohols, e.g. lactose, mannitol; Derivatives thereof, e.g. polysorbates
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    • A61K9/2022—Organic macromolecular compounds
    • A61K9/2027—Organic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polyvinyl pyrrolidone, poly(meth)acrylates
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition that is suitable for a high-dose formulation of a poorly soluble basic agent, particularly a compound represented by formula (I), and a high dose tablet thereof.
  • Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase is one of receptor tyrosine kinases belonging to the insulin receptor family (Non-Patent Literature 1 and Non-Patent Literature 2).
  • ALK gene alteration has been reported cause production of an abnormal kinase which is fused with another gene.
  • Non-Patent Literature 1 and Patent Literature 1 cancer and cancer metastasis
  • depression depression
  • cognitive impairment Non-Patent Literature 2
  • ALK inhibitors will provide effective therapeutic and prophylactic drugs for these diseases.
  • Patent Literature 2 Patent Literature 3
  • Patent Literature 4 Patent Literature 5
  • the compound represented by formula (I) is a poorly soluble basic agent and has been reported to be formulated by preparing a composition comprising the compound in combination with a dissolution aid (Patent Literature 3) or by forming granules comprising the compound represented by formula (I) or a salt thereof and combining the granules with a disintegrator to provide capsules with good dissolution (Patent Literature 5).
  • a pharmaceutical formulation comprising, as an active ingredient, a poorly soluble basic agent such as the compound represented by formula (I) typically has low absorption when orally administered. Accordingly, a high-dose formulation is usually used to increase absorption and improve oral absorbability of the active ingredient. However, when a drug insoluble or poorly soluble in water is compressed to form tablets at a high dose, the poor solubility or insolubility of the drug tends to become stronger due to its property, resulting in problems in the dissolution and oral absorbability.
  • Patent Literature 1 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2009-100783
  • Patent Literature 2 Japanese Patent No. 4588121
  • Patent Literature 3 Japanese Patent No. 4918630
  • Patent Literature 4 Japanese Patent No. 5006987
  • Patent Literature 5 Japanese Patent No. 5859712
  • Non-Patent Literature 1 Nature, Vol. 448, p. 561-566, 2007
  • Non-Patent Literature 2 Neuropsychopharmacology, Vol. 33, p. 685-700, 2008
  • the present inventors conducted intensive studies to solve the problem and found that by adding a basic substance to a poorly soluble basic agent, particularly the compound represented by formula (I) or a salt thereof to prepare a pharmaceutical composition, a high-dose tablet can be obtained, in which formation of an impermeable film upon disintegration of the tablet formed from the composition is prevented and which has good dissolution.
  • the present invention is as follows:
  • a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound represented by formula (I) or a salt thereof, a surfactant, and a basic substance.
  • composition according to (1) wherein the surfactant is an anionic surfactant.
  • composition according to (2), wherein the anionic surfactant is sodium lauryl sulfate.
  • the basic substance is at least one substance selected from the group consisting of L-tryptophan, L-lysine, magnesium hydroxide, magnesium silicate, calcium bicarbonate, sodium bicarbonate, magnesium aluminometasilicate, L-arginine, meglumine, magnesium oxide, and magnesium carbonate.
  • magnesium aluminometasilicate is at least one substance selected from the group consisting of Neusilin(R) US2, S2, UFL2, FH2, and NS2N (Fuji Chemical Industries Co., Ltd.), and PTU-F (Tomita Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.).
  • a tablet comprising the composition according to any of (1) to (10).
  • a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound represented by formula (I) or a salt thereof; at least one basic substance selected from the group consisting of L-tryptophan, L-lysine, magnesium hydroxide, magnesium silicate, calcium bicarbonate, magnesium aluminometasilicate, L-arginine, meglumine, magnesium oxide, and magnesium carbonate; carmellose calcium; hydroxypropylcellulose; sodium lauryl sulfate; and magnesium stearate.
  • a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound represented by formula (I) or a salt thereof; at least one basic substance selected from the group consisting of L-tryptophan, L-lysine, magnesium hydroxide, magnesium silicate, calcium bicarbonate, magnesium aluminometasilicate, L-arginine, meglumine, magnesium oxide, and magnesium carbonate; carmellose calcium; D-mannitol; and sodium lauryl sulfate.
  • a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound represented by formula (I) or a salt thereof; at least one basic substance selected from the group consisting of L-tryptophan, L-lysine, magnesium hydroxide, magnesium silicate, calcium bicarbonate, magnesium aluminometasilicate, L-arginine, meglumine, magnesium oxide, and magnesium carbonate; crospovidone; lactose hydrate; and sodium lauryl sulfate.
  • a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound represented by formula (I) or a salt thereof; at least one basic substance selected from the group consisting of L-tryptophan, L-lysine, magnesium hydroxide, magnesium silicate, calcium bicarbonate, magnesium aluminometasilicate, L-arginine, meglumine, magnesium oxide, and magnesium carbonate; carmellose calcium; D-mannitol; sodium lauryl sulfate; hydroxypropylcellulose; and magnesium stearate.
  • a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound represented by formula (I) or a salt thereof; at least one basic substance selected from the group consisting of L-tryptophan, L-lysine, magnesium hydroxide, magnesium silicate, calcium bicarbonate, magnesium aluminometasilicate, L-arginine, meglumine, magnesium oxide, and magnesium carbonate; crospovidone; lactose hydrate; sodium lauryl sulfate; hydroxypropylcellulose; and magnesium stearate.
  • a tablet comprising the composition according to (14).
  • composition of the present invention can provide high-dose formulations with good dissolution and disintegration, which prevent formation of an impermeable film in the disintegration of tablets formed from the compositions and contain, as an active ingredient, a poorly soluble basic agent, particularly a compound represented by formula (I) or a salt thereof.
  • a poorly soluble basic agent particularly a compound represented by formula (I) or a salt thereof.
  • the composition of the present invention also allows formulation into a high-dose formulation with good dissolution profiles, resulting in a reduction of dosing frequency of the formulation and thus an improvement of drug compliance.
  • the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is formulated into high-dose tablets with good dissolution, regardless of the presence or absence of formation of granules, when tableted.
  • FIG. 1 shows a dissolution profile of a tablet of Reference Example 1.
  • FIG. 2 shows photographs of a) an appearance before the test, b) an appearance after the test, and c) a midsection after the test of the tablet of Reference Example 1.
  • FIG. 3 shows dissolution profiles of Examples 8 to 10.
  • FIG. 4 shows dissolution profiles of Examples 11 to 14.
  • FIG. 5 shows dissolution profiles of Examples 15 to 18.
  • the term “pharmaceutical composition” refers to a mixture comprising two or more substances that is used for treating and preventing diseases. According to an aspect of the present invention, the pharmaceutical composition is used for production of a pharmaceutical formulation.
  • pharmaceutical formulation refers to a formulation for treating and preventing diseases, and preferably an oral administration formulation in the present invention.
  • oral administration formulation refers to a formulation that can be orally administered and comprises an active ingredient mainly absorbed in the intestinal tract.
  • the oral administration formulation includes a solid formulation and a liquid formulation, with a solid formulation being preferable in the present invention.
  • the solid formulation specifically includes a tablet, a capsule, a solution, a powder, a troche, a chewable tablet, a granule, a gel, and a film, with a tablet being preferable.
  • granules may or may not be used when tablets are produced.
  • granules may have a mean particle diameter used in typical formulation.
  • a “salt” of the compound represented by formula (I) is preferably a pharmaceutically acceptable salt.
  • the “pharmaceutically acceptable salt” includes, for example, hydrochlorides; hydrobromides; hydroiodides; phosphates; phosphonates; sulfates; sulfonates including methanesulfonates and p-toluenesulfonates; carboxylates including acetates, citrates, malates, tartrates, succinates, and salicylates; or alkaline metal salts including sodium salts and potassium salts; alkaline-earth metal salts including magnesium salts and calcium salts; and ammonium salts including ammonium salts, alkylammonium salts, dialkylammonium salts, trialkylammonium salts, and tetraalkylammonium salts.
  • the pharmaceutically acceptable salt is preferably a hydrochloride, and most preferably a monohydrochloride.
  • the compound represented by formula (I) or a salt thereof can be produced using any known method (e.g., the methods described in Patent Literature 2).
  • a monohydrochloride of the compound represented by formula (I) may be amorphous or crystalline.
  • the monohydrochloride is crystalline, a crystal having peaks present at diffraction angles (2 ⁇ ) of about 8.4°, 14.0°, 16.7°, 18.8°, and 23.3° in the powder X-ray diffraction pattern is preferable.
  • An amorphous monohydrochloride of the compound represented by formula (I) can be produced using the method described in WO 2016/021707, and a crystalline monohydrochloride of the compound having these peaks can be produced using the method described in WO 2015/163447.
  • the compound represented by formula (I) or a salt thereof is contained in an amount of 20 to 70 wt %, preferably 35 to 60 wt %, and more preferably 45 to 50 wt % in terms of the free form, based on the total amount of the composition.
  • a formulations obtained from the composition of the present invention contains the compound represented by formula (I) or a salt thereof in an amount of 150 mg to 800 mg, preferably 150 mg to 400 mg, and particularly preferably, 200 mg to 300 mg per unit formulation in terms of the free form.
  • surfactant refers to a substance having both a hydrophilic group and a hydrophobic group in a molecule.
  • the surfactant includes an ionic surfactant and a nonionic surfactant.
  • the ionic surfactant means ionic surfactants that ionize into ions (charged atoms or atomic groups) when dissolved in water.
  • the ionic surfactant is further classified into an anionic surfactant, a cationic surfactant, and an amphoteric surfactant depending on the charge of the ion to be produced.
  • nonionic surfactant examples include sugar ester surfactants such as a sorbitan fatty acid ester (C12-18), a POE sorbitan fatty acid ester (C12-18), and a sucrose fatty acid ester; fatty acid ester type such as a POE fatty acid ester (C12-18), a POE resin acid ester, and a POE fatty acid diester (C12-18); alcohol-based type such as a POE alkyl ether (C12-18); alkyl phenol surfactants such as a POE alkyl (C8-12) phenyl ether, a POE dialkyl (C8-12) phenyl ether, and a POE alkyl (C8-12) phenyl ether formalin condensate; polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene block polymer surfactants such as a polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene block polymer and an alkyl (C12-18) polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene
  • nonionic surfactant preferably include polyoxyl 40 stearate, sorbitan trioleate, polyoxyethylene (105) polyoxypropylene (5) glycol, polyoxyethylene hydrogenated castor oil 60, polyoxyl 35 castor oil, and lauromacrogol.
  • anionic surfactant examples include sulfate surfactants such as an alkyl sulfate (C12-18, Na, NH4, alkanolamine), a POE alkyl ether sulfate (C12-18, Na, NH4, alkanolamine), a POE alkyl phenyl ether sulfate (C12-18, NH4, alkanolamine, Ca), a POE benzyl (or styryl) phenyl (or phenylphenyl) ether sulfate (Na, NH4, alkanolamine), a polyoxyethylene, and a polyoxypropylene block polymer sulfate (Na, NH4, alkanolamine); sulfonate surfactants such as a paraffin (alkane) sulfonate (C12-22, Na, Ca, alkanolamine), an AOS (C14-16, Na, alkanolamine), a dialkyl
  • anionic surfactant preferably include monoalkyl sulfates such as sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium tetradecyl sulfate, sodium hexadecyl sulfate, and sodium octadecyl sulfate; dioctylsodium sulfosuccinate; sodium lauroyl sarcosinate; and sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate.
  • monoalkyl sulfates such as sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium tetradecyl sulfate, sodium hexadecyl sulfate, and sodium octadecyl sulfate
  • dioctylsodium sulfosuccinate sodium lauroyl sarcosinate
  • sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate preferably include monoalkyl sulfates such as sodium lauryl
  • the surfactants may be used in combination of two or more in an appropriate ratio.
  • the surfactant is preferably an anionic surfactant.
  • Preferable surfactants are selected from the group consisting of a monoalkyl sulfate, polyoxyl 40 stearate, sorbitan trioleate, polyoxyethylene (105) polyoxypropylene (5) glycol, polyoxyethylene hydrogenated castor oil 60, polyoxyl 35 castor oil, lauromacrogol, dioctylsodium sulfosuccinate, lauroylsarcosine sodium, sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, and a mixture thereof.
  • More preferable surfactants are selected from the group consisting of a monoalkyl sulfate, sorbitan trioleate, polyoxyethylene (105) polyoxypropylene (5) glycol, polyoxyethylene hydrogenated castor oil 60, polyoxyl 35 castor oil, dioctylsodium sulfosuccinate, lauroylsarcosine sodium, sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, and a mixture thereof.
  • surfactants are selected from the group consisting of sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium tetradecyl sulfate, sodium hexadecyl sulfate, sodium octadecyl sulfate, and a mixture thereof.
  • a particularly preferable surfactant is a mixture of sodium lauryl sulfate and polyoxyethylene (105) polyoxypropylene (5) glycol.
  • the most preferable surfactant is sodium lauryl sulfate.
  • the ionic surfactant is more preferably sodium lauryl sulfate.
  • sodium lauryl sulfate When sodium lauryl sulfate is used in the present invention, a crystal obtained by spray drying or crystallization can be used. It should be noted that sodium lauryl sulfate is known to have crystal polymorphs including a monohydrate, a 1 ⁇ 2 hydrate, a 1 ⁇ 8 hydrate, and a non-solvate (Journal of Crystal Growth 263 (2004) 480-490). Any of the crystal polymorphs can be used in the composition or formulation of the present invention.
  • the surfactant is contained in an amount of 5 wt % or more, preferably 5 wt % or more and 30 wt % or less, more preferably of 7.5 wt % or more, and most preferably 7.5 wt % or more and 30 wt % or less, based on the total amount of the composition.
  • a weight ratio of the compound represented by formula (I) or a salt thereof to the surfactant contained in the composition or formulation of the present invention preferably ranges from 100:3 to 100:50, more preferably 100:12.5 to 100:25, and most preferably 100:25.
  • basic substance refers to a substance that is defined as a base according to preferably Lewis's definition and more preferably Bronsted-Lowry's definition.
  • the basic substance may be any known pharmacologically acceptable basic substance and is not limited to particular basic substances.
  • the basic substance may be an inorganic basic substance or an organic basic substance.
  • the basic substance may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
  • the inorganic basic substance examples include metal oxides such as magnesium oxide, calcium oxide, and aluminum oxide; metal hydroxides such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, and aluminum hydroxide; metal carbonates such as sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, and calcium carbonate; metal bicarbonates such as sodium bicarbonate and potassium bicarbonate; metal phosphates such as trisodium phosphate, tripotassium phosphate, tricalcium phosphate, trimagnesium phosphate, sodium pyrophosphate, potassium pyrophosphate, sodium polyphosphate, and potassium polyphosphate; metal hydrogen phosphates such as sodium hydrogen phosphate and potassium hydrogen phosphate; metal silicates such as sodium silicate, magnesium silicate, calcium silicate, synthetic aluminum silicate, synthetic sodium magnesium silicate, and talc; complex aluminum silicate compounds such as magnesium aluminosilicate, aluminum magnesium silicate, and magnesium aluminometasilicate; complex aluminum-magnesium compounds such as
  • organic basic substance examples include metal salts of organic acids, organic amines, and basic amino acids.
  • metal salts of organic acids include a sodium salt, a potassium salt, a magnesium salt, and a calcium salt of organic acids such as citric acid, succinic acid, tartaric acid, fumaric acid, maleic acid, malonic acid, and malic acid.
  • organic amines examples include meglumine, monoethanolamine, diisopropanolamine, triethanolamine, monoisopropanolamine, diisopropanolamine, triisopropanol amine, 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol, 2-amino-2-methyl-1,3-propanediol, and polyoxyethylene alkyl amine.
  • Examples of the basic amino acids include lysine, arginine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, histidine, proline, oxyproline, ornithine, hydroxylysine, and a derivative thereof.
  • Examples of the basic substance preferably include metal oxides such as magnesium oxide, calcium oxide, and aluminum oxide; metal hydroxides such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, and aluminum hydroxide; metal carbonates such as sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, and calcium carbonate; metal bicarbonates such as sodium bicarbonate and potassium bicarbonate; metal phosphates such as trisodium phosphate, tripotassium phosphate, tricalcium phosphate, trimagnesium phosphate, sodium pyrophosphate, potassium pyrophosphate, sodium polyphosphate, and potassium polyphosphate; metal hydrogen phosphates such as sodium hydrogen phosphate and potassium hydrogen phosphate; metal silicates such as sodium silicate, magnesium silicate, calcium silicate, synthetic aluminum silicate, synthetic sodium magnesium silicate, and talc; complex aluminum silicate compounds such as magnesium aluminosilicate, aluminum magnesium silicate, and magnesium aluminometasilicate; complex aluminum-magnesium compounds such as
  • examples of the basic substance include glycine, L-serine, L-cystine, L-tryptophan, L-proline, L-aspartic acid, L-lysine, L-histidine, L-arginine, L-lysine hydrochloride, meglumine, magnesium aluminometasilicate, magnesium aluminometasilicate, magnesium oxide, magnesium hydroxide, magnesium carbonate, magnesium silicate, and calcium bicarbonate.
  • Examples of the basic substance preferably include L-tryptophan, L-lysine, magnesium hydroxide, magnesium silicate, calcium bicarbonate, sodium bicarbonate, magnesium aluminometasilicate, L-arginine, meglumine, magnesium oxide, and magnesium carbonate; more preferably include magnesium aluminometasilicate, L-arginine, meglumine, magnesium oxide, magnesium hydroxide, magnesium carbonate, and sodium bicarbonate; even more preferably include magnesium aluminometasilicate, magnesium oxide, and magnesium carbonate; and most preferably include magnesium aluminometasilicate.
  • the magnesium aluminometasilicate is preferably Neusilin(R) US2, S2, UFL2, FH2, or NS2N (Fuji Chemical Industries Co., Ltd.) or PTU-F (Tomita Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.). More preferably, the magnesium aluminometasilicate is Neusilin(R) US2 or S2 (Fuji Chemical Industries Co., Ltd.).
  • the basic substance is preferably selected from the group consisting of L-tryptophan, L-lysine, magnesium hydroxide, magnesium silicate, calcium bicarbonate, sodium bicarbonate, magnesium aluminometasilicate, L-arginine, meglumine, magnesium oxide, and magnesium carbonate, and is most preferably selected from the group consisting of L-tryptophan, L-lysine, magnesium hydroxide, magnesium silicate, calcium bicarbonate, sodium bicarbonate, magnesium aluminometasilicate, L-arginine, meglumine, and magnesium oxide.
  • the basic substance is contained in an amount of 5 wt % or more, 5 wt % or more and 30 wt % or less, 7.5 wt % or more, 7.5 wt % or more and 30 wt % or less, based on the total amount of the composition.
  • a weight ratio of the compound represented by formula (I) or a salt thereof to the basic substance preferably ranges from 100:5 to 100:60, more preferably 100:10 to 100:50, and most preferably 100:20 to 100:40 in terms of the free form.
  • the formulation of the present invention is produced using any well-known methods using additive(s) such as an excipient, a lubricant, a coating agent, a binder, a disintegrator, a stabilizer, a flavoring agent, and a diluent.
  • additive(s) such as an excipient, a lubricant, a coating agent, a binder, a disintegrator, a stabilizer, a flavoring agent, and a diluent.
  • excipient examples include starches such as corn starch, potato starch, wheat starch, rice starch, partially pregelatinized starch, pregelatinized starch, and porous starch; sugars or sugar alcohols such as lactose hydrate, fructose, glucose, mannitol, and sorbitol; anhydrous dibasic calcium phosphate; crystalline cellulose; precipitated calcium carbonate; and calcium silicate.
  • starches such as corn starch, potato starch, and corn starch; lactose hydrate; crystalline cellulose; and anhydrous dibasic calcium phosphate.
  • the “disintegrator” in the present invention is a component that facilitates rapid disintegration of a solid formulation after orally taken.
  • disintegrator examples include sodium starch glycolate, low-substituted hydroxypropylcellulose, carmellose calcium, pregelatinized starch, sodium chloride, corn starch, croscarmellose sodium, crystalline cellulose, silicic anhydride, and carmellose.
  • the amount of the disintegrator used is, for example, 5 wt % or more, preferably 7.5 wt % or more, more preferably 8.5 wt % or more, and particularly preferably 10 wt % or more based on the total amount of the composition or formulation of the present invention.
  • the upper limit of the amount used includes, but is not particularly limited to, 30 wt %.
  • the amount used is based on the total amount of the components to be covered with the coating film (or the total amount of the components to be put in a capsule, or the total amount of the components covered with a coating).
  • binder examples include polyvinylpyrrolidone, macrogol, and similar compounds as listed for the excipient. Specific examples of the binder include hydroxypropylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, methylcellulose, povidone (polyvinylpyrrolidone), and powdered acacia. The amount of the binder used is preferably 0.1 to 50 parts by weight and more preferably 0.5 to 40 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the formulation.
  • Suitable examples of the “lubricant” include magnesium stearate, calcium stearate, talc, sucrose fatty acid ester, and sodium stearyl fumarate.
  • surfactant or emulsifying agent examples include polysorbate 80, polyoxyl 40 stearate, and lauromacrogol.
  • Coloring agents may be any substance that is allowed to be added into pharmaceuticals.
  • the coloring agents include edible pigments such as Food Yellow No. 5 (sunset yellow, the same as Food Yellow No. 6 in the United States), Food Red No. 2, and Food Blue No. 2; edible lake pigments; and iron sesquioxide.
  • the stabilizer examples include p-hydroxybenzoate esters such as methylparaben and propylparaben; alcohols such as chlorobutanol, benzyl alcohol, and phenylethyl alcohol; benzalkonium chloride; phenols such as phenol and cresol; thimerosal; dehydroacetic acid; and sorbic acid.
  • flavoring agent examples include sweeteners, acidulants, and flavors commonly used.
  • Fluidizers are used for the purpose of improving fluidity of mixed powders or granules.
  • Representative examples of the fluidizers include light anhydrous silicates such as talc and silicon dioxide, and hydrous silicon dioxide.
  • the light anhydrous silicates may be any substance that contains hydrous silicon dioxide (SiO2.nH2O, wherein n is an integer) as a main component.
  • Specific examples of the light anhydrous silicates include Sylysia 320 (trade name, FUJI SILYSIA CHEMICAL LTD.) and AEROSIL 200 (trade name, NIPPON AEROSIL Co., Ltd.).
  • Preferable examples of “preservatives” include p-hydroxybenzoate esters, chlorobutanol, benzyl alcohol, phenethyl alcohol, dehydroacetic acid, and sorbic acid.
  • antioxidants include sulfites and ascorbic acid.
  • the additives described above may be used in combinations of two or more in an appropriate ratio.
  • Examples of the solvent used for producing a solution include ethanol, phenol, chlorocresol, purified water, and distilled water.
  • the solid formulation of the present invention can be produced by mixing the compound represented by formula (I) with a basic substance and the additive(s) described above and then subjecting the mixture to a general production process, preferably a production process described below, to provide a solid formulation.
  • the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention also relates to a pharmaceutical composition comprising (i) the compound represented by formula (I) or a salt thereof and (ii) a basic substance.
  • An aspect of the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention also relates to a non-granular pharmaceutical composition comprising (i) the compound represented by formula (I) or a salt thereof and (ii) a basic substance.
  • An aspect of the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention also relates to a pharmaceutical composition
  • a pharmaceutical composition comprising (i) granules containing the compound represented by formula (I) or a salt thereof and (ii) an external additive containing a basic substance.
  • a further aspect of the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is a pharmaceutical composition comprising (i) granules containing the compound represented by formula (I) or a salt thereof and a surfactant, and (ii) an external additive containing a basic compound and a disintegrator.
  • a further aspect of the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is a pharmaceutical composition comprising (i) granules containing the compound represented by formula (I) or a salt thereof, a surfactant, and a disintegrator, and (ii) an external additive containing a basic compound and a disintegrator.
  • granules refers to grains having almost uniform shape and size and the granules are obtained by granulating a raw material in a form of powder, aggregate, solution, or molten liquid via wet granulation, dry granulation, heat granulation, or other similar techniques.
  • non-granular refers to a state in which granules are not formed.
  • granules may contain various additives in addition to the surfactant and the disintegrator described above.
  • the granules may contain the compound represented by formula (I) or a salt thereof, a disintegrator, a surfactant, an excipient, and a binder.
  • the granules may further contain at least one additive selected from a lubricant, a coating agent, a stabilizing agent, a flavoring agent, and a diluent.
  • the granules can be produced by granulating a composition comprising the compound represented by formula (I) or a salt thereof and optionally additives such as a disintegrator, a surfactant, an excipient, a lubricant, a coating agent, a binder, a stabilizer, a flavoring agent, and a diluent, through typical granulating steps.
  • the granules may have a mean particle diameter used in typical formulation. It should be noted that the mean particle diameter is a value obtained by feeding 6 g of a granulated material sample onto the top of the stacked sieves different in mesh size (e.g., 850, 500, 355, 250, 180, 106, 75, 53, and 0 ⁇ m), shaking the sieves for 3 minutes, measuring the weights of the granulated materials left on the individual sieves, and calculating a particle size equivalent to 50% cumulative percentage through approximation of logarithmic normal distribution based on the mesh sizes of the sieves and cumulative percentages under the sieves.
  • mesh size e.g., 850, 500, 355, 250, 180, 106, 75, 53, and 0 ⁇ m
  • the term “external additive” and “external additive component” refer to components externally added to granules.
  • the external additive component includes further additives such as a lubricant and a fluidizer in addition to a disintegrator.
  • the disintegrator may be contained in the granules or external additive component.
  • the disintegrator is preferably selected from sodium starch glycolate, low-substituted hydroxypropylcellulose, carmellose calcium, pregelatinized starch, sodium chloride, corn starch, croscarmellose sodium, crystalline cellulose, silicic anhydride, and carmellose, is more preferably selected from carmellose calcium, crospovidone, sodium starch glycolate, and croscarmellose sodium, and is most preferably carmellose calcium and crospovidone.
  • the disintegrator is selected from sodium starch glycolate, low-substituted hydroxypropylcellulose, carmellose calcium, pregelatinized starch, sodium chloride, corn starch, croscarmellose sodium, crystalline cellulose, silicic anhydride, and carmellose, is preferably selected from carmellose calcium, crospovidone, sodium starch glycolate, and croscarmellose sodium, and is most preferably carmellose calcium or crospovidone.
  • the granules (i) may contain a basic substance in the granules, in which the pharmaceutical composition may comprise (i) granules containing the compound represented by formula (I) or a salt thereof and a basic substance, and (ii) a surfactant.
  • the basic substance is added more preferably as an external additive component.
  • the basic substance contained in the granules (i) is a substance exemplified above as a basic substance.
  • the basic substance is preferably selected from an inorganic basic substance, a metal salt of organic acids, an organic amine, and a basic amino acid, is more preferably an inorganic basic substance, and is most preferably magnesium aluminometasilicate.
  • the basic substance contained in the external additive component (ii) is a substance exemplified above as a basic substance.
  • the basic substance is preferably selected from an inorganic basic substance, a metal salt of organic acids, an organic amine, and a basic amino acid described above, is more preferably an inorganic basic substance described above, and is most preferably magnesium aluminometasilicate.
  • the basic substance contained in the granules (i) and the external additive component (ii) is preferably contained in an amount of 5 wt % or more, 5 wt % or more and 30 wt % or less, 7.5 wt % or more, or 7.5 wt % or more and 30 wt % or less, based on the total amount of the formulation.
  • composition of the present invention may comprise dissolution aids such as organic polymers described below, in addition to surfactants.
  • examples of the “dissolution aid” include organic polymers.
  • examples of the “organic polymer” used in the present invention specifically include polysaccharides such as hydroxypropylcellulose (hereinafter also referred to as HPC), hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, methylcellulose, propylene glycol alginate ester, powdered agar, guar gum, zein, and hydroxyethyl methylcellulose; synthetic resins such as carboxy vinyl polymer, polyvinyl alcohol, or vinyl acetate resin, and sodium polystyrene sulfonate; and phosphoproteins such as casein and casein sodium.
  • HPC hydroxypropylcellulose
  • HPC hydroxypropylmethylcellulose
  • propylene glycol alginate ester powdered agar, guar gum, zein, and hydroxyethyl methylcellulose
  • synthetic resins such as carboxy vinyl polymer, polyvinyl alcohol, or vinyl acetate resin, and sodium polystyrene
  • a polymer that has a solubility in water of 1 g/100 g or more is called a water-soluble polymer.
  • the water-soluble polymer include hydroxypropylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, methylcellulose, propylene glycol alginate ester, casein sodium, a carboxyvinyl polymer, powdered agar, guar gum, copolyvidone, hydroxyethylmethylcellulose, and a polyvinyl alcohol.
  • a polymer that can be dissolved under acidic conditions at pH of the gastric juice, 1.2 to 3.5 is called a gastrosoluble polymer
  • a polymer that can be quickly dissolved at the intestinal pH 6 to 8 is called an enteric polymer.
  • examples of the gastrosoluble polymer include an aminoalkyl methacrylate copolymer E and a polyvinyl acetal diethylamino acetate.
  • enteric polymer examples include a methacrylic acid copolymer LD (emulsion), methacrylic acid copolymer S, purified shellac, carboxymethylethylcellulose, cellulose acetate phthalate (cellaphate), hydroxypropylmethylcellulose acetate succinate, casein, and zein.
  • LD methacrylic acid copolymer
  • S methacrylic acid copolymer
  • purified shellac carboxymethylethylcellulose
  • cellulose acetate phthalate cellaphate
  • hydroxypropylmethylcellulose acetate succinate casein
  • casein casein
  • zein zein
  • preferable dissolution aids include casein, casein sodium, powdered skim milk, dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate, polyoxyl 40 stearate, sorbitan trioleate, polyoxyethylene (105) polyoxypropylene (5) glycol, polyoxyethylene hydrogenated castor oil 60, polyoxyl 35 castor oil, lauromacrogol, lauroylsarcosine sodium, sodium tetradecyl sulfate, sodium hexadecyl sulfate, sodium octadecyl sulfate, sodium methyl sulfate, sodium ethyl sulfate, sodium butyl sulfate, sodium octyl sulfate, sodium decyl sulfate, and sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate.
  • the dissolution aid may be granular or may be obtained by spray drying.
  • excipients examples include starches such as corn starch, potato starch, wheat starch, rice starch, partially pregelatinized starch, pregelatinized starch, and porous starch; sugars or sugar alcohols such as lactose hydrate, fructose, glucose, mannitol, and sorbitol; anhydrous dibasic calcium phosphate; crystalline cellulose; precipitated calcium carbonate; and calcium silicate.
  • starches such as corn starch, potato starch, wheat starch, rice starch, partially pregelatinized starch, pregelatinized starch, and porous starch
  • sugars or sugar alcohols such as lactose hydrate, fructose, glucose, mannitol, and sorbitol
  • anhydrous dibasic calcium phosphate crystalline cellulose
  • precipitated calcium carbonate and calcium silicate.
  • excipients examples include starches such as starch, potato starch, and corn starch; lactose hydrate; crystalline cellulose; and anhydrous dibasic calcium phosphate, with mannitol and lactose hydrate being more preferable.
  • the amount of excipient used is preferably 5 to 60 parts by weight, and more preferably 10 to 30 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the composition or formulation.
  • the amount used is based on the total amount of the components covered with the coating film (or the total amount of the components covered with a coating).
  • binder examples include hydroxypropylcellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, macrogol, and similar compounds as listed for the excipient.
  • specific examples of the binder include hydroxypropylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, methylcellulose, povidone (polyvinylpyrrolidone), and powdered acacia, and preferably hydroxypropylcellulose.
  • the amount of the binder used is preferably 0.1 to 50 parts by weight, more preferably 0.5 to 40 parts by weight, and even more preferably 0.5 to 10 parts by weight, per 100 parts by weight of the composition or formulation.
  • the amount used is based on the total amount of the components covered with the coating film (or the total amount of the components covered with a coating).
  • the binder may be contained in granules and external additive components, and is preferably hydroxypropylcellulose.
  • Suitable examples of the lubricant that can be contained in the granules (i) in the present invention include magnesium stearate, calcium stearate, talc, sucrose fatty acid ester, and sodium stearyl fumarate.
  • Examples of the stabilizer that can be contained in the granules (i) in the present invention include p-hydroxybenzoate esters such as methylparaben and propylparaben; alcohols such as chlorobutanol, benzyl alcohol, and phenylethyl alcohol; benzalkonium chloride; phenols such as phenol and cresol; thimerosal; dehydroacetic acid; and sorbic acid.
  • Examples of the flavoring agent that can be contained in the granules of the present invention include sweeteners, acidulants, and flavors commonly used.
  • a further another aspect of the present invention is a pharmaceutical composition
  • a pharmaceutical composition comprising a poorly soluble basic agent, an anionic surfactant, and a basic substance.
  • the term “poorly soluble” refers to a solubility of 1 mg/ml or less, more preferably 100 ⁇ g/ml or less, even more preferably 10 ⁇ g/ml or less, particularly preferably 1 ⁇ g/ml or less, and most preferably 0.1 ⁇ g/ml or less, in a solvent, particularly water, a buffer, or a gastrointestinal fluid.
  • the basic agent is preferably poorly soluble in any solvent having a pH of 7 or less, more preferably poorly soluble in any solvent having a pH of 4 to 7, and even more preferably poorly soluble in any solvent having a pH of 4 and/or 7.
  • solvents used to measure a solubility are not limited to particular solvents.
  • solvents having a pH of 4 include an acetate buffer and a citrate buffer.
  • solvents having a pH of 5 include an acetate buffer, a citrate buffer, and a phosphate buffer.
  • solvents having a pH of 7 include water and a phosphate buffer.
  • solvents having a pH of 9 include a carbonate buffer.
  • the solubility is measured at a temperature of preferably 20 to 40° C., and more preferably 37° C. in any case.
  • the “basic agent” has at least one basic group, for example, a primary amino group (—NH2), a secondary amino group (imino group, —NH—), a tertiary amino group (>N—), an amide group, and a basic nitrogen-containing heterocyclic group (pyrrolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, pyrazinyl, purinyl, quinolyl, pyridyl, piperidino, piperidyl, piperazinyl, triazolo group, and the like).
  • the amino group includes a hydrazino group (—NH—NH2), a hydrazo group (—NH—NH—), and the like.
  • the basic agent is required to have at least one basic group and may have the same or different types of more than one basic group.
  • Drugs may form a salt (e.g., salts of inorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, and phosphoric acid; organic carboxylic acids such as acetic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, fumaric acid, and maleic acid; and organic sulfonic acids such as mesylic acid).
  • Cationic or basic drugs include drugs that generate cationic or basic metabolites or prodrugs which exhibit activity within a living body.
  • the basic agent is not limited to particular types.
  • the basic agent may be, for example, drugs acting on the central nervous system, the autonomic nervous system, the respiratory system, the circulatory system, the gastrointestinal system, the metabolic system, and other systems, and may be drugs acting on blood and hematopoiesis, ophthalmologic drugs, otolaryngological drugs, or bioactive substances (autacoids).
  • the types of the basic agent include antipyretic agents, analgesic agents, anti-inflammatory agents, sedative-hypnotic agents, antirheumatic agents, antidepressant agents, antiepileptic agents, antidizziness agents, antiallergic agents, cardiotonic agents, ⁇ -blockers, calcium antagonists, antiarrhythmic agents, diuretic agents, antianginal agents, therapeutic agents for heart failure, therapeutic agents for myocardial infarction, antihypertensive agents (therapeutic agents for hypertension), therapeutic agents for peripheral circulatory disturbance, vasopressor agents (therapeutic agents for hypotension), bronchodilator agents, antiasthmatic agents, antituberculous agents, antidiabetic agents, therapeutic agents for diabetic complication, antihyperlipidemic agents, antihyperuricemic agents, antitussive and expectorant combinations, antiulcer agents, therapeutic agents for thyroid disease, therapeutic agents for prostatic hyperplasia, anticancer agents, therapeutic agents for osteoporosis, therapeutic agents for Alzheimer's
  • the basic agent include antipyretic, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory agents (such as antipyretic analgesics including dimetotiazine mesylate; headache relief drugs including dihydroergotamine mesilate, lomerizine hydrochloride, and sumatriptan succinate; and anti-inflammatory agents including fenamic acid, mefenamic acid, floctafenine, proglumetacin maleate, epirizole, and tiaramide hydrochloride), antirheumatic agents (such as penicillamine and methothrexate), antihyperuricemic agents (such as allopurinol), sedative-hypnotic agents (such as rilmazafone hydrochloride and zolpidem tartrate), antidepressant agents (such as nortriptyline hydrochloride, imipramine hydrochloride, amitriptyline hydrochloride, clomipramine hydrochloride, fluvoxamine maleate
  • the basic agents can be used alone or in combinations or two or more depending on the purpose of prevention or treatment.
  • the present invention also includes:
  • composition that consists of a poorly soluble basic agent, an anionic surfactant, and a basic substance and has good dissolution of the agent;
  • composition that consists of a poorly soluble basic agent, an anionic surfactant, and a basic substance and has good disintegration of the agent;
  • composition that is a formulation for oral administration; and the above-mentioned composition that is a tablet.
  • the present invention further includes:
  • a method of producing a formulation that comprises a basic agent and an anionic surfactant and has good dissolution of the agent comprising adding a basic substance into the formulation.
  • a formulation having good dissolution By adding a basic substance to a formulation comprising a poorly soluble basic agent such as the compound represented by formula (I), and a surfactant, a formulation having good dissolution is obtained.
  • the term “good dissolution” means that a formulation has a dissolution rate of 45% or more, preferably 60% or more, and more preferably 75% or more at 30 minutes when the dissolution test (dissolution test 1) by the paddle method for dissolution test specified in the Japanese Pharmacopeia is performed at 100 revolutions per minute, typically in a test solution, which is purified water (900 mL) containing formic acid (33 mL) and polyoxyethylene (10) octylphenyl ether (2%).
  • the term “good dissolution” means that a formulation has a dissolution rate of 45% or more, preferably 60% or more, and more preferably 75% or more at 30 minutes when the dissolution test (dissolution test 2) by the paddle method is performed at 100 revolutions per minute in a test solution, which is 900 mL of the 1st fluid for dissolution test specified in the Japanese Pharmacopeia containing polyoxyethylene (10) octylphenyl ether (4%), or preferably 75 mL of the 1st fluid for dissolution test containing about 3 g of polyoxyethylene (10) octylphenylether.
  • the term “good dissolution” means that a formulation has the above-mentioned dissolution in either dissolution test 1 or dissolution test 2 and more preferably means that a formulation has a dissolution rate of 45% or more, preferably 60% or more, and more preferably 75% or more at 30 minute when dissolution test 2 is performed.
  • the term “good dissolution” means that 70% or more of a formulation is dissolved at 75 minutes when dissolution test 2 is performed.
  • the 1st fluid for dissolution test specified in the Japanese Pharmacopeia is a colorless clear solution that contains sodium chloride (2.0 g) in hydrochloric acid (7.0 ml) and water (q.s. to 1000 mL) and has a pH of about 1.2.
  • the term “improving dissolution” means that a dissolution of the agent below the dissolution range described above is increased to the dissolution range. Improving dissolution facilitates efficient absorption of the pharmaceutically active ingredient to rapidly exert drug efficacy.
  • the dissolution test 2 is prescribed to be a standard testing methodology for dissolution of an approved capsule formulation containing a pharmaceutically active ingredient.
  • a desirable dissolution rate in the dissolution test 2 is 45% or more at 30 minutes and 75% or more at 70 minutes in the dissolution test in the United States and Israel, and is 45% or more and 75% or less at 30 minutes, and 75% or more at 70 minutes in the dissolution test in the EU region.
  • the resulting formulation when a basic substance is added to a formulation comprising a poorly soluble basic agent, such as the compound represented by formula (I), and a surfactant, the resulting formulation has good disintegration.
  • a formulation disintegrates within 30 minutes and preferably within 15 minutes in the disintegration test specified in the Japanese Pharmacopeia using, as a test medium, the 1st fluid for dissolution test specified in the Japanese Pharmacopeia (disintegration test 1).
  • the “good disintegration” means that a formulation disintegrates at 10 minutes and preferably within 5 minutes in the disintegration test specified in the Japanese Pharmacopeia using water as a test medium (disintegration test 2).
  • the term “good disintegration” means that a formulation has the above-mentioned disintegration in either the disintegration test 1 or disintegration test 2 and more preferably means that a formulation disintegrates within 3 minutes in the disintegration test 2.
  • the term “improving disintegration” means that a disintegration below the disintegration range described above of the formulation is increased to the disintegration range.
  • disintegrate means that “a residue of a sample is observed and the residue is a minor amount of a soft substance or muddy substance at 30 minutes in a disintegration test ” or that “no residue of a sample is observed at 30 minutes in a disintegration test”, and preferably means that no residue of a sample is observe at 30 minutes in a disintegration test.
  • sodium lauryl sulfate used in Examples 1-20 was NIKKOL SLS (Nikko Chemicals Co., Ltd.).
  • Compound A Hydrochloride of the compound of formula (I)
  • P-16, RIKEN SEIKI static pressure-type tablet press machine
  • Reference Example 1 The formulation of Reference Example 1 was subjected to the dissolution test (dissolution test 2) via the paddle method for dissolution test specified in the Japanese Pharmacopeia performed at 100 rotations/minute using, as a test medium, 900 mL of the 1st fluid for dissolution test specified in the Japanese Pharmacopeia containing polyoxyethylene (10) octyl phenyl ether (4%).
  • the dissolution profile of Reference Example 1 is shown in FIG. 1 .
  • Photographs of appearance of the formulation before and after the test and a photograph of a midsection after the test are shown in FIG. 2 .
  • the tablets that were formed by wet granulation and contained Compound A and sodium lauryl sulfate had a linear dissolution profile and the maximum dissolution rate of 40% or less.
  • the formulation after the test was cut in the middle of the tablet, resulting in the observation that the test medium permeated only the surface of the tablet and the interior of the tablet remained dry. This is probably resulted from an impermeable film that was formed on the surface of the tablet. The impermeable film probably prevented the test medium from permeating the interior of the tablet and failed to continue disintegration and to result in a good dissolution profile.
  • the impermeable film refers to a film that is formed on the surface of the tablet by a basic agent and an anionic surfactant in a test medium.
  • tablets were prepared.
  • X included in the external additive components in the formulation was a substance shown in Table 3.
  • Components formulated for granules were mixed together, and the pre-mixed powder was placed in a stainless beaker. Purified water was added while stirring with a metallic spatula to perform wet granulation and dry it in a vacuum dryer (VOS-301SD, TOKYO RIKAKIKAI CO, LTD) at ordinary temperature. Subsequently, this was sized with a sieve having a size diameter of 850 ⁇ m to obtain granules that were further mixed with external additive components to obtain a powder mixture.
  • Comparative Example 1 was a tablet that was formed according to the capsule formulation described in Patent Literature 5. The relationship between the type of X and the disintegration time of tablet was investigated by comparing Comparative Example 1 with Examples 1 to 7.
  • Comparative Example 1 and Examples 1 to 7 were each subjected in triplicate to the disintegration test specified in the Japanese Pharmacopeia performed using, as a test medium, water or 1st fluid for dissolution test specified in the Japanese Pharmacopeia. Disintegration behaviors of Examples 1 to 7 are shown in Table 4. It should be noted that this disintegration test was performed in water (disintegration test 2) or under acidic condition (disintegration test 1) in which disintegration proceeded more slowly than in water.
  • symbols used in the following table are defined as follows:
  • tablets were prepared with different production processes.
  • Example 8 formulated components were mixed together to obtain a powder mixture.
  • Example 9 components formulated for granules were mixed together and compressed under a pressure of 400 kgf in a static pressure-type tablet press machine (P-16, RIKEN SEIKI) with a mallet having ⁇ 16 mm.
  • the resulting molded products were sized with a sieve having a size diameter of 850 ⁇ m to obtain granules that were further mixed with external additive components to provide a powder mixture.
  • Example 10 formulated components shown in Table 5 were mixed together, and the pre-mixed powder was placed in a stainless beaker.
  • Example 9 10 Components blended for granules Compound A 161.35 Compound A 161.35 161.35 Carmellose calcium 43.35 Carmellose calcium 15.00 15.00 Hydroxypropyl- 15.00 Hydroxypropyl- 15.00 15.00 cellulose cellulose Sodium lauryl 37.50 Sodium lauryl 37.50 37.50 sulfate sulfate [Purified water] *1 — q.s.
  • Example 11 to 14 the dissolution test (dissolution test 1) via the paddle method for dissolution test specified in the Japanese Pharmacopeia was performed at 100 revolutions per minute, in a test solution, which is purified water (900 mL) containing formic acid (33 mL) and polyoxyethylene (10) octylphenyl ether (2%).
  • a test solution which is purified water (900 mL) containing formic acid (33 mL) and polyoxyethylene (10) octylphenyl ether (2%).
  • the dissolution profiles of Examples 11 to 14 are shown in FIG. 4 .
  • components formulated for granules were weighed and mixed together in a granulator (VG-05, Powrex Corporation), purified water was added to perform granulation and dry it in a fluidized bed dryer (FL-LABO, inlet air temperature, 60° C.) to achieve a loss on drying of 2% or less.
  • the resulting dried powder was sized in a screen mill with a screen having a mesh size diameter of 1.4 mm to obtain granules and the granules were further mixed with external additive components to obtain a powder mixture.
  • the powder mixture was compressed in a static pressure-type tablet press machine under a similar condition to those of Examples 8 to 10 to form tablets each containing 150 mg of Compound A in terms of the free form.
  • the tablets were investigated for dissolution.
  • disintegration test 1 specified in the Japanese Pharmacopeia was performed using, as a test medium, 1st fluid for dissolution test specified in the Japanese Pharmacopeia. For all of the tablets of Examples 15 to 18, no residue of the sample was observed at 30 minutes in the disintegration test. It should be noted that this disintegration test (disintegration test 1) was performed under acidic condition in which disintegration proceeded more slowly than in water.
  • dissolution test 2 was performed by the paddle method for dissolution test specified in the Japanese Pharmacopeia at 100 revolutions per minute using, as a test medium, 900 mL of 1st fluid for dissolution test specified in the Japanese Pharmacopeia containing polyoxyethylene (10) octylphenyl ether (4%).
  • the dissolution profiles of Examples 15 to 18 are shown in FIG. 5 .
  • components formulated for granules were each weighed and mixed together in a fluidized bed dryer granulator (FG-602, Freund Corporation). Purified water was added via spraying to perform granulation and dry it in the dryer granulator at a temperature of supplied air of 60° C. to achieve a loss on drying of 2% or less.
  • the resulting dried powder was sized in a particle-size selector with a screen having a size diameter of 1.4 mm to obtain granules and the obtained granules were further mixed with external additive components to obtain a powder mixture.
  • the powder mixture was compressed under a pressure of 10 kN in a rotary tablet press machine (AQUARIUS-C, KIKUSUI SEISAKUSHO LTD.) to form tablets (17.3 ⁇ 8.0 mm) each containing 300 mg of Compound A in terms of the free form.
  • the relationship between the tablet weight and disintegration was investigated by comparing these tablets with those of Examples 15 to 18.
  • the tablets of Examples 19 and 20 were each subjected to the disintegration test specified in the Japanese Pharmacopeia performed using, as a test medium, 1st fluid for dissolution test specified in the Japanese Pharmacopeia. In the tablets of Examples 19 and 20, no residue of the sample was observed at 30 minutes in the disintegration test. It should be noted that this disintegration test (disintegration test 1) was performed under acidic condition in which disintegration proceeded more slowly than in water.

Abstract

The present invention aims to provide a high-dose formulation with improved properties of a pharmaceutical composition comprising a poorly soluble basic agent, particularly a compound represented by formula (I) or a salt thereof. The problem described above can be solved by providing a pharmaceutical composition comprising the compound represented by formula (I) or a salt thereof, a surfactant, and a basic substance.

Description

    TECHNICAL FIELD
  • The present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition that is suitable for a high-dose formulation of a poorly soluble basic agent, particularly a compound represented by formula (I), and a high dose tablet thereof.
    • BACKGROUND ART
  • Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase (ALK) is one of receptor tyrosine kinases belonging to the insulin receptor family (Non-Patent Literature 1 and Non-Patent Literature 2). ALK gene alteration has been reported cause production of an abnormal kinase which is fused with another gene.
  • Diseases associated with ALK abnormality include, for example, cancer and cancer metastasis (Non-Patent Literature 1 and Patent Literature 1), depression, and cognitive impairment (Non-Patent Literature 2). ALK inhibitors will provide effective therapeutic and prophylactic drugs for these diseases.
  • As compounds having an effect of inhibiting ALK, a compound represented by formula (I) (compound name: 9-ethyl-6,6-dimethyl-8-(4-morpholin-4-yl-piperidin-1-yl)-11-oxo-6,11-dihydro-5H-benzo[b]carbazole-3-carbonitrile)
  • Figure US20210290630A1-20210923-C00001
  • and the like are known (Patent Literature 2, Patent Literature 3, Patent Literature 4 and Patent Literature 5).
  • The compound represented by formula (I) is a poorly soluble basic agent and has been reported to be formulated by preparing a composition comprising the compound in combination with a dissolution aid (Patent Literature 3) or by forming granules comprising the compound represented by formula (I) or a salt thereof and combining the granules with a disintegrator to provide capsules with good dissolution (Patent Literature 5).
  • A pharmaceutical formulation comprising, as an active ingredient, a poorly soluble basic agent such as the compound represented by formula (I) typically has low absorption when orally administered. Accordingly, a high-dose formulation is usually used to increase absorption and improve oral absorbability of the active ingredient. However, when a drug insoluble or poorly soluble in water is compressed to form tablets at a high dose, the poor solubility or insolubility of the drug tends to become stronger due to its property, resulting in problems in the dissolution and oral absorbability.
    • CITATION LIST Patent Literature
  • [Patent Literature 1] Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2009-100783
  • [Patent Literature 2] Japanese Patent No. 4588121
  • [Patent Literature 3] Japanese Patent No. 4918630
  • [Patent Literature 4] Japanese Patent No. 5006987
  • [Patent Literature 5] Japanese Patent No. 5859712
    • Non-Patent Literature
  • [Non-Patent Literature 1] Nature, Vol. 448, p. 561-566, 2007
  • [Non-Patent Literature 2] Neuropsychopharmacology, Vol. 33, p. 685-700, 2008
    • SUMMARY OF INVENTION Technical Problem
  • To improve absorbability of a pharmaceutical composition comprising a poorly soluble basic agent, particularly the compound represented by formula (I) or a salt thereof, there are demands for high-dose formulations with excellent disintegration and dissolution.
    • Solution to Problem
  • Under such circumstances, the present inventors conducted intensive studies to solve the problem and found that by adding a basic substance to a poorly soluble basic agent, particularly the compound represented by formula (I) or a salt thereof to prepare a pharmaceutical composition, a high-dose tablet can be obtained, in which formation of an impermeable film upon disintegration of the tablet formed from the composition is prevented and which has good dissolution.
  • More specifically, the present invention is as follows:
  • (1) A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound represented by formula (I) or a salt thereof, a surfactant, and a basic substance.
  • Figure US20210290630A1-20210923-C00002
  • (2) The composition according to (1), wherein the surfactant is an anionic surfactant.
  • (3) The composition according to (2), wherein the anionic surfactant is sodium lauryl sulfate.
  • (4) The composition according to any of (1) to (3), further comprising a disintegrator.
  • (5-1) The composition according to any of (1) to (4), wherein a weight ratio of the compound represented by formula (I) or a salt thereof to the surfactant ranges from 100:3 to 100:50.
  • (5-2) The composition according to any of (1) to (4), wherein a weight ratio of the compound represented by formula (I) or a salt thereof to the surfactant ranges from 100:12.5 to 100:25.
  • (5-3) The composition according to any of (1) to (4), wherein a weight ratio of the compound represented by formula (I) or a salt thereof to the surfactant is 100:25.
  • (6-1) The composition according to (4) or (5), wherein the disintegrator is contained in an amount of 5 wt % or more.
  • (6-2) The composition according to (4) or (5), wherein the disintegrator is contained in an amount of 7.5 wt % or more.
  • (6-3) The composition according to (4) or (5), wherein the disintegrator is contained in an amount of 8.5 wt % or more.
  • (6-4) The composition according to (4) or (5), wherein the disintegrator is contained in an amount of 10 wt % or more.
  • (7-1) The composition according to any of (4) to (6), wherein the disintegrator is at least one substance selected from the group consisting of sodium starch glycolate, low-substituted hydroxypropylcellulose, carmellose calcium, pregelatinized starch, sodium chloride, corn starch, croscarmellose sodium, crystalline cellulose, silicic anhydride, and carmellose.
  • (7-2) The composition according to any of (4) to (6), wherein the disintegrator is at least one substance selected from the group consisting of carmellose calcium, crospovidone, sodium starch glycolate, and croscarmellose sodium.
  • (7-3) The composition according to any of (4) to (6), wherein the disintegrator is carmellose calcium.
  • (8) The composition according to any of (1) to (7), wherein the basic substance is at least one substance selected from the group consisting of an inorganic basic substance and an organic basic substance.
  • (9-1) The composition according to any of (1) to (8), wherein the basic substance is at least one substance selected from the group consisting of L-tryptophan, L-lysine, magnesium hydroxide, magnesium silicate, calcium bicarbonate, sodium bicarbonate, magnesium aluminometasilicate, L-arginine, meglumine, magnesium oxide, and magnesium carbonate.
  • (9-2) The composition according to any of (1) to (8), wherein the basic substance is at least one substance selected from the group consisting of magnesium aluminometasilicate, L-arginine, meglumine, magnesium oxide, magnesium hydroxide, and magnesium carbonate.
  • (9-3) The composition according to any of (1) to (8), wherein the basic substance is at least one substance selected from the group consisting of magnesium aluminometasilicate, magnesium oxide, and magnesium carbonate.
  • (9-4) The composition according to any of (1) to (8), wherein the basic substance is magnesium aluminometasilicate.
  • (9-5) The composition according to any of (1) to (8), wherein the magnesium aluminometasilicate is at least one substance selected from the group consisting of Neusilin(R) US2, S2, UFL2, FH2, and NS2N (Fuji Chemical Industries Co., Ltd.), and PTU-F (Tomita Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.).
  • (9-6) The composition according to any of (1) to (8), wherein the magnesium aluminometasilicate is Neusilin(R) US2 or S2 (Fuji Chemical Industries Co., Ltd.).
  • (10-1) The composition according to any of (1) to (9), wherein the basic substance is contained in an amount of 5 wt % or more.
  • (10-2) The composition according to any of (1) to (9), wherein the basic substance is contained in an amount of 5 wt % or more and 30 wt % or less.
  • (10-3) The composition according to any of (1) to (9), wherein the basic substance is contained in an amount of 7.5 wt % or more.
  • (10-4) The composition according to any of (1) to (9), wherein the basic substance is contained in an amount of 7.5 wt % or more and 30 wt % or less.
  • (10-5) The composition according to any of (1) to (9), wherein a weight ratio of the compound represented by formula (I) or a salt thereof to the basic substance ranges from 100:5 to 100:60 in terms of the free form.
  • (10-6) The composition according to any of (1) to (9), wherein a weight ratio of the compound represented by formula (I) or a salt thereof to the basic substance ranges from 100:10 to 100:50 in terms of the free form.
  • (10-7) The composition according to any of (1) to (9), wherein a weight ratio of the compound represented by formula (I) or a salt thereof to the basic substance ranges from 100:20 to 100:40 in terms of the free form.
  • (10-8) The composition according to any of (1) to (9), wherein the compound represented by formula (I) or a salt thereof is contained in an amount of 20 to 70 wt % in terms of the free form based on the total amount of the composition.
  • (10-9) The composition according to any of (1) to (9), wherein the compound represented by formula (I) or a salt thereof is contained in an amount of 35 to 60 wt % in terms of the free form based on the total amount of the composition.
  • (10-10) The composition according to any of (1) to (9), wherein the compound represented by formula (I) or a salt thereof is contained in an amount of 45 to 50 wt % in terms of the free form based on the total amount of the composition.
  • (11) A tablet comprising the composition according to any of (1) to (10).
  • (12-1) The tablet according to any of (1) to (11), wherein the compound represented by formula (I) or a salt thereof is contained in an amount of 150 mg to 800 mg per unit formulation in terms of the free form.
  • (12-2) The tablet according to any of (1) to (11), wherein the compound represented by formula (I) or a salt thereof is contained in an amount of 150 mg to 400 mg per unit formulation in terms of the free form.
  • (12-3) The tablet according to any of (1) to (11), wherein the compound represented by formula (I) or a salt thereof is contained in an amount of 200 mg to 300 mg per unit formulation in terms of the free form.
  • (13-1) The tablet according to (11) or (12), wherein a dissolution rate at 30 minutes is 45% or more as measured in the paddle method for dissolution test specified in the Japanese Pharmacopeia, using the 1st fluid for dissolution test specified in the Japanese Pharmacopeia containing polyoxyethylene (10) octylphenyl ether (4%).
  • (13-2) The tablet according to (11) or (12), wherein a dissolution rate at 30 minutes is 60% or more as measured in the paddle method for dissolution test specified in the Japanese Pharmacopeia, using the 1st fluid for dissolution test specified in the Japanese Pharmacopeia containing polyoxyethylene (10) octylphenyl ether (4%).
  • (13-3) The tablet according to (11) or (12), wherein a dissolution rate at 30 minutes is 75% or more as measured in the paddle method for dissolution test specified in the Japanese Pharmacopeia, using the 1st fluid for dissolution test specified in the Japanese Pharmacopeia containing polyoxyethylene (10) octylphenyl ether (4%).
  • (13-4) The tablet according to (11) or (12), a dissolution rate at 75 minutes is 70% or more as measured in the paddle method for dissolution test specified in the Japanese Pharmacopeia, using the 1st fluid for dissolution test specified in the Japanese Pharmacopeia containing polyoxyethylene (10) octylphenyl ether (4%).
  • (13-5) The tablet according to (11) or (12), wherein a dissolution rate at 30 minutes is 45% or more as measured in the paddle method for dissolution test specified in the Japanese Pharmacopeia, using purified water (900 mL) containing formic acid (33 mL) and polyoxyethylene (10) octylphenyl ether (2%).
  • (13-6) The tablet according to (11) or (12), wherein a dissolution rate at 30 minutes is 60% or more as measured in the paddle method for dissolution test specified in the Japanese Pharmacopeia, using purified water (900 mL) containing formic acid (33 mL) and polyoxyethylene (10) octylphenyl ether (2%).
  • (13-7) The tablet according to (11) or (12), wherein a dissolution rate at 30 minutes is 75% or more as measured in the paddle method for dissolution test specified in the Japanese Pharmacopeia, using purified water (900 mL) containing formic acid (33 mL) and polyoxyethylene (10) octylphenyl ether (2%).
  • (13-8) The tablet according to (11) or (12), wherein a dissolution rate at 75 minutes is 70% or more as measured in the paddle method for dissolution test specified in the Japanese Pharmacopeia, using purified water (900 mL) containing formic acid (33 mL) and polyoxyethylene (10) octylphenyl ether (2%).
  • (13-9) The tablet according to (11) or (12), wherein a residue of a sample is observed, but the residue is a minor amount of a soft substance or a muddy substance at 30 minutes in the disintegration test specified in the Japanese Pharmacopeia using water as a test medium.
  • (13-10) The tablet according to (11) or (12), wherein no residue of a sample is observed at 30 minutes in the disintegration test specified in the Japanese Pharmacopeia using water as a test medium.
  • (13-11) The tablet according to (11) or (12), wherein a residue of a sample is observed, but the residue is a minor amount of a soft substance or a muddy substance at 30 minutes in the disintegration test specified in the Japanese Pharmacopeia using, as a test medium, the 1st fluid for dissolution test specified in the Japanese Pharmacopeia.
  • (13-12) The tablet according to (11) or (12), wherein no residue of a sample is observed at 30 minutes in the disintegration test specified in the Japanese Pharmacopeia using, as a test medium, the 1st fluid for dissolution test specified in the Japanese Pharmacopeia.
  • (14) A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound represented by formula (I) or a salt thereof; at least one basic substance selected from the group consisting of L-tryptophan, L-lysine, magnesium hydroxide, magnesium silicate, calcium bicarbonate, magnesium aluminometasilicate, L-arginine, meglumine, magnesium oxide, and magnesium carbonate; carmellose calcium; hydroxypropylcellulose; sodium lauryl sulfate; and magnesium stearate.
  • (14-1) A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound represented by formula (I) or a salt thereof; at least one basic substance selected from the group consisting of L-tryptophan, L-lysine, magnesium hydroxide, magnesium silicate, calcium bicarbonate, magnesium aluminometasilicate, L-arginine, meglumine, magnesium oxide, and magnesium carbonate; carmellose calcium; D-mannitol; and sodium lauryl sulfate.
  • (14-2) A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound represented by formula (I) or a salt thereof; at least one basic substance selected from the group consisting of L-tryptophan, L-lysine, magnesium hydroxide, magnesium silicate, calcium bicarbonate, magnesium aluminometasilicate, L-arginine, meglumine, magnesium oxide, and magnesium carbonate; crospovidone; lactose hydrate; and sodium lauryl sulfate.
  • (14-3) A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound represented by formula (I) or a salt thereof; at least one basic substance selected from the group consisting of L-tryptophan, L-lysine, magnesium hydroxide, magnesium silicate, calcium bicarbonate, magnesium aluminometasilicate, L-arginine, meglumine, magnesium oxide, and magnesium carbonate; carmellose calcium; D-mannitol; sodium lauryl sulfate; hydroxypropylcellulose; and magnesium stearate.
  • (14-4) A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound represented by formula (I) or a salt thereof; at least one basic substance selected from the group consisting of L-tryptophan, L-lysine, magnesium hydroxide, magnesium silicate, calcium bicarbonate, magnesium aluminometasilicate, L-arginine, meglumine, magnesium oxide, and magnesium carbonate; crospovidone; lactose hydrate; sodium lauryl sulfate; hydroxypropylcellulose; and magnesium stearate.
  • (15) A tablet comprising the composition according to (14).
  • (16-1) The tablet according to (15), wherein the compound represented by formula (I) or a salt thereof is contained in an amount of 150 mg to 800 mg per unit formulation in terms of the free form.
  • (16-2) The tablet according to (15), wherein the compound represented by formula (I) or a salt thereof is contained in an amount of 150 mg to 600 mg per unit formulation in terms of the free form.
  • (16-3) The tablet according to (15), wherein the compound represented by formula (I) or a salt thereof is contained in an amount of 200 mg to 300 mg per unit formulation in terms of the free form.
  • (17-1) The tablet according to (15) or (16), wherein a dissolution rate at 30 minutes is 45% or more as measured in the paddle method for dissolution test specified in the Japanese Pharmacopeia, using the 1st fluid for dissolution test specified in the Japanese Pharmacopeia containing polyoxyethylene (10) octylphenyl ether (4%).
  • (17-2) The tablet according to (15) or (16), wherein a dissolution rate at 30 minutes is 60% or more as measured in the paddle method for dissolution test specified in the Japanese Pharmacopeia, using the 1st fluid for dissolution test specified in the Japanese Pharmacopeia containing polyoxyethylene (10) octylphenyl ether (4%).
  • (17-3) The tablet according to (15) or (16), wherein a dissolution rate at 30 minutes is 75% or more as measured in the paddle method for dissolution test specified in the Japanese Pharmacopeia, using the 1st fluid for dissolution test specified in the Japanese Pharmacopeia containing polyoxyethylene (10) octylphenyl ether (4%).
  • (17-4) The tablet according to (15) or (16), wherein a dissolution rate at 75 minutes is 70% or more as measured in the paddle method for dissolution test specified in the Japanese Pharmacopeia, using the 1st fluid for dissolution test specified in the Japanese Pharmacopeia containing polyoxyethylene (10) octylphenyl ether (4%).
  • (17-5) The tablet according to (15) or (16), wherein a dissolution rate at 30 minutes is 45% or more as measured in the paddle method for dissolution test specified in the Japanese Pharmacopeia using purified water (900 mL) containing formic acid (33 mL) and polyoxyethylene (10) octylphenyl ether (2%).
  • (17-6) The tablet according to (15) or (16), wherein a dissolution rate at 30 minutes is 60% or more as measured in the paddle method for dissolution test specified in the Japanese Pharmacopeia, using purified water (900 mL) containing formic acid (33 mL) and polyoxyethylene (10) octylphenyl ether (2%).
  • (17-7) The tablet according to (15) or (16), wherein a dissolution rate at 30 minutes is 75% or more as measured in the paddle method for dissolution test specified in the Japanese Pharmacopeia, using purified water (900 mL) containing formic acid (33 mL) and polyoxyethylene (10) octylphenyl ether (2%).
  • (17-8) The tablet according to (15) or (16), wherein a dissolution rate at 75 minutes is 70% or more as measured in the paddle method for dissolution test specified in the Japanese Pharmacopeia, using purified water (900 mL) containing formic acid (33 mL) and polyoxyethylene (10) octylphenyl ether (2%).
  • (17-9) The tablet according to (15) or (16), wherein a residue of a sample is observed, but the residue is a minor amount of a soft substance or a muddy substance at 30 minutes in the disintegration test specified in the Japanese Pharmacopeia using water as a test medium.
  • (17-10) The tablet according to (15) or (16), wherein no residue of a sample is observed at 30 minutes in the disintegration test specified in the Japanese Pharmacopeia using water as a test medium.
  • (17-11) The tablet according to (15) or (16), wherein a residue of a sample is observed, but the residue is a minor amount of a soft substance or a muddy substance at 30 minutes in the disintegration test specified in the Japanese Pharmacopeia using, as a test medium, the 1st fluid for dissolution test specified in the Japanese Pharmacopeia.
  • (17-12) The tablet according to (15) or (16), wherein no residue of a sample is observed at 30 minutes in the disintegration test specified in the Japanese Pharmacopeia using, as a test medium, the 1st fluid for dissolution test specified in the Japanese Pharmacopeia.
  • (18) The tablet according to (15) or (16), wherein a dissolution rate is 45% or more at 30 minutes and/or 75% or more at 70 minutes in the dissolution test by the paddle method performed at 100 rotations/minute using a test medium containing polyoxyethylene (10) octylphenyl ether (4%) prepared in a solution having about pH 1.2 and containing sodium chloride (2.0 g) dissolved in hydrochloric acid (7.0 ml) and water (q.s. to 1000 mL).
    • Advantageous Effects of Invention
  • The composition of the present invention can provide high-dose formulations with good dissolution and disintegration, which prevent formation of an impermeable film in the disintegration of tablets formed from the compositions and contain, as an active ingredient, a poorly soluble basic agent, particularly a compound represented by formula (I) or a salt thereof. The composition of the present invention also allows formulation into a high-dose formulation with good dissolution profiles, resulting in a reduction of dosing frequency of the formulation and thus an improvement of drug compliance.
  • The pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is formulated into high-dose tablets with good dissolution, regardless of the presence or absence of formation of granules, when tableted.
    • BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
  • FIG. 1 shows a dissolution profile of a tablet of Reference Example 1.
  • FIG. 2 shows photographs of a) an appearance before the test, b) an appearance after the test, and c) a midsection after the test of the tablet of Reference Example 1.
  • FIG. 3 shows dissolution profiles of Examples 8 to 10.
  • FIG. 4 shows dissolution profiles of Examples 11 to 14.
  • FIG. 5 shows dissolution profiles of Examples 15 to 18.
    •  DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS
  • The present invention will be described in detail below.
  • As used herein, the term “pharmaceutical composition” refers to a mixture comprising two or more substances that is used for treating and preventing diseases. According to an aspect of the present invention, the pharmaceutical composition is used for production of a pharmaceutical formulation. The term “pharmaceutical formulation” refers to a formulation for treating and preventing diseases, and preferably an oral administration formulation in the present invention. The term “oral administration formulation” refers to a formulation that can be orally administered and comprises an active ingredient mainly absorbed in the intestinal tract.
  • The oral administration formulation includes a solid formulation and a liquid formulation, with a solid formulation being preferable in the present invention. The solid formulation specifically includes a tablet, a capsule, a solution, a powder, a troche, a chewable tablet, a granule, a gel, and a film, with a tablet being preferable.
  • In the present invention, granules may or may not be used when tablets are produced. When granules are used for production of tablets, granules may have a mean particle diameter used in typical formulation.
  • The term “compound represented by formula (I)” refers to a compound represented by formula (I):
  • Figure US20210290630A1-20210923-C00003
  • having a compound name of 9-ethyl-6,6-dimethyl-8-(4-morpholin-4-yl-piperidin-1-yl)-11-oxo-6,11-dihydro-5H-benzo[b]carbazole-3-carbonitrile.
  • A “salt” of the compound represented by formula (I) is preferably a pharmaceutically acceptable salt. The “pharmaceutically acceptable salt” includes, for example, hydrochlorides; hydrobromides; hydroiodides; phosphates; phosphonates; sulfates; sulfonates including methanesulfonates and p-toluenesulfonates; carboxylates including acetates, citrates, malates, tartrates, succinates, and salicylates; or alkaline metal salts including sodium salts and potassium salts; alkaline-earth metal salts including magnesium salts and calcium salts; and ammonium salts including ammonium salts, alkylammonium salts, dialkylammonium salts, trialkylammonium salts, and tetraalkylammonium salts.
  • The pharmaceutically acceptable salt is preferably a hydrochloride, and most preferably a monohydrochloride.
  • The compound represented by formula (I) or a salt thereof can be produced using any known method (e.g., the methods described in Patent Literature 2).
  • A monohydrochloride of the compound represented by formula (I) may be amorphous or crystalline. When the monohydrochloride is crystalline, a crystal having peaks present at diffraction angles (2θ) of about 8.4°, 14.0°, 16.7°, 18.8°, and 23.3° in the powder X-ray diffraction pattern is preferable. An amorphous monohydrochloride of the compound represented by formula (I) can be produced using the method described in WO 2016/021707, and a crystalline monohydrochloride of the compound having these peaks can be produced using the method described in WO 2015/163447.
  • The compound represented by formula (I) or a salt thereof is contained in an amount of 20 to 70 wt %, preferably 35 to 60 wt %, and more preferably 45 to 50 wt % in terms of the free form, based on the total amount of the composition.
  • A formulations obtained from the composition of the present invention contains the compound represented by formula (I) or a salt thereof in an amount of 150 mg to 800 mg, preferably 150 mg to 400 mg, and particularly preferably, 200 mg to 300 mg per unit formulation in terms of the free form.
  • The term “surfactant” refers to a substance having both a hydrophilic group and a hydrophobic group in a molecule. The surfactant includes an ionic surfactant and a nonionic surfactant.
  • The ionic surfactant means ionic surfactants that ionize into ions (charged atoms or atomic groups) when dissolved in water. The ionic surfactant is further classified into an anionic surfactant, a cationic surfactant, and an amphoteric surfactant depending on the charge of the ion to be produced.
  • Examples of the nonionic surfactant include sugar ester surfactants such as a sorbitan fatty acid ester (C12-18), a POE sorbitan fatty acid ester (C12-18), and a sucrose fatty acid ester; fatty acid ester type such as a POE fatty acid ester (C12-18), a POE resin acid ester, and a POE fatty acid diester (C12-18); alcohol-based type such as a POE alkyl ether (C12-18); alkyl phenol surfactants such as a POE alkyl (C8-12) phenyl ether, a POE dialkyl (C8-12) phenyl ether, and a POE alkyl (C8-12) phenyl ether formalin condensate; polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene block polymer surfactants such as a polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene block polymer and an alkyl (C12-18) polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene block polymer ether; alkylamine type such as a POE alkylamine (C12-18) and a POE fatty acid amide (C12-18); bisphenol surfactants such as a POE fatty acid bisphenyl ether; polycyclic aromatic surfactants such as a POA benzylphenyl (or phenylphenyl) ether and a POA styrylphenyl (or phenylphenyl) ether; POE ether and ester type silicon and fluorine-based surfactants; and vegetable oil surfactants such as POE castor oil and POE hydrogenated castor oil. Examples of the nonionic surfactant preferably include polyoxyl 40 stearate, sorbitan trioleate, polyoxyethylene (105) polyoxypropylene (5) glycol, polyoxyethylene hydrogenated castor oil 60, polyoxyl 35 castor oil, and lauromacrogol.
  • Examples of the anionic surfactant include sulfate surfactants such as an alkyl sulfate (C12-18, Na, NH4, alkanolamine), a POE alkyl ether sulfate (C12-18, Na, NH4, alkanolamine), a POE alkyl phenyl ether sulfate (C12-18, NH4, alkanolamine, Ca), a POE benzyl (or styryl) phenyl (or phenylphenyl) ether sulfate (Na, NH4, alkanolamine), a polyoxyethylene, and a polyoxypropylene block polymer sulfate (Na, NH4, alkanolamine); sulfonate surfactants such as a paraffin (alkane) sulfonate (C12-22, Na, Ca, alkanolamine), an AOS (C14-16, Na, alkanolamine), a dialkyl sulfosuccinate (C8-12, Na, Ca, Mg), an alkylbenzene sulfonate (C12, Na, Ca, Mg, NH4, alkylamine, alkanol, amine, cyclohexylamine), a mono or dialkyl (C3-6) naphthalene sulfonate (Na, NH4, alkanolamine, Ca, Mg), a naphthalene sulfonate-formalin condensate (Na, NH4), an alkyl (C8-12) diphenyl ether disulfonate (Na, NH4), a lignin sulfonate (Na, Ca), a POE alkyl (C8-12) phenyl ether sulfonate (Na), and a POE alkyl (C12-18) ether sulfosuccinic acid half ester (Na); carboxylate surfactants such as a fatty acid salt (C12-18, Na, K, NH4, alkanolamine), an N-methyl-fatty acid sarcosinate (C12-18, Na) and a resinate (Na, K); and phosphate surfactants such as a POE alkyl (C12-18) ether phosphate (Na, alkanolamine), a POE mono or dialkyl (C8-12) phenyl ether phosphate (Na, alkanolamine), a POE benzylated (or styrylated) phenyl (or phenylphenyl) ether phosphate (Na, alkanolamine), a polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene block polymer (Na, alkanolamine), a phosphatidylcholine-phosphatidyl ethanol imine (lecithin), and an alkyl (C8-12) phosphate. Examples of the anionic surfactant preferably include monoalkyl sulfates such as sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium tetradecyl sulfate, sodium hexadecyl sulfate, and sodium octadecyl sulfate; dioctylsodium sulfosuccinate; sodium lauroyl sarcosinate; and sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate.
  • In the present invention, the surfactants may be used in combination of two or more in an appropriate ratio.
  • In the present invention, the surfactant is preferably an anionic surfactant.
  • Preferable surfactants are selected from the group consisting of a monoalkyl sulfate, polyoxyl 40 stearate, sorbitan trioleate, polyoxyethylene (105) polyoxypropylene (5) glycol, polyoxyethylene hydrogenated castor oil 60, polyoxyl 35 castor oil, lauromacrogol, dioctylsodium sulfosuccinate, lauroylsarcosine sodium, sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, and a mixture thereof.
  • More preferable surfactants are selected from the group consisting of a monoalkyl sulfate, sorbitan trioleate, polyoxyethylene (105) polyoxypropylene (5) glycol, polyoxyethylene hydrogenated castor oil 60, polyoxyl 35 castor oil, dioctylsodium sulfosuccinate, lauroylsarcosine sodium, sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, and a mixture thereof.
  • Even more preferable surfactants are selected from the group consisting of sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium tetradecyl sulfate, sodium hexadecyl sulfate, sodium octadecyl sulfate, and a mixture thereof.
  • A particularly preferable surfactant is a mixture of sodium lauryl sulfate and polyoxyethylene (105) polyoxypropylene (5) glycol.
  • The most preferable surfactant is sodium lauryl sulfate.
  • In the present invention, the ionic surfactant is more preferably sodium lauryl sulfate.
  • When sodium lauryl sulfate is used in the present invention, a crystal obtained by spray drying or crystallization can be used. It should be noted that sodium lauryl sulfate is known to have crystal polymorphs including a monohydrate, a ½ hydrate, a ⅛ hydrate, and a non-solvate (Journal of Crystal Growth 263 (2004) 480-490). Any of the crystal polymorphs can be used in the composition or formulation of the present invention.
  • The surfactant is contained in an amount of 5 wt % or more, preferably 5 wt % or more and 30 wt % or less, more preferably of 7.5 wt % or more, and most preferably 7.5 wt % or more and 30 wt % or less, based on the total amount of the composition.
  • A weight ratio of the compound represented by formula (I) or a salt thereof to the surfactant contained in the composition or formulation of the present invention preferably ranges from 100:3 to 100:50, more preferably 100:12.5 to 100:25, and most preferably 100:25.
  • The term “basic substance” refers to a substance that is defined as a base according to preferably Lewis's definition and more preferably Bronsted-Lowry's definition. The basic substance may be any known pharmacologically acceptable basic substance and is not limited to particular basic substances. The basic substance may be an inorganic basic substance or an organic basic substance. The basic substance may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
  • Examples of the inorganic basic substance include metal oxides such as magnesium oxide, calcium oxide, and aluminum oxide; metal hydroxides such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, and aluminum hydroxide; metal carbonates such as sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, and calcium carbonate; metal bicarbonates such as sodium bicarbonate and potassium bicarbonate; metal phosphates such as trisodium phosphate, tripotassium phosphate, tricalcium phosphate, trimagnesium phosphate, sodium pyrophosphate, potassium pyrophosphate, sodium polyphosphate, and potassium polyphosphate; metal hydrogen phosphates such as sodium hydrogen phosphate and potassium hydrogen phosphate; metal silicates such as sodium silicate, magnesium silicate, calcium silicate, synthetic aluminum silicate, synthetic sodium magnesium silicate, and talc; complex aluminum silicate compounds such as magnesium aluminosilicate, aluminum magnesium silicate, and magnesium aluminometasilicate; complex aluminum-magnesium compounds such as synthetic hydrotalcite; and inorganic ammonium salts such as ammonium hydroxide, ammonium carbonate, ammonium hydrogen carbonate, and ammonium hydrogen phosphate.
  • Examples of the organic basic substance include metal salts of organic acids, organic amines, and basic amino acids.
  • Examples of the metal salts of organic acids include a sodium salt, a potassium salt, a magnesium salt, and a calcium salt of organic acids such as citric acid, succinic acid, tartaric acid, fumaric acid, maleic acid, malonic acid, and malic acid.
  • Examples of the organic amines include meglumine, monoethanolamine, diisopropanolamine, triethanolamine, monoisopropanolamine, diisopropanolamine, triisopropanol amine, 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol, 2-amino-2-methyl-1,3-propanediol, and polyoxyethylene alkyl amine.
  • Examples of the basic amino acids include lysine, arginine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, histidine, proline, oxyproline, ornithine, hydroxylysine, and a derivative thereof.
  • Examples of the basic substance preferably include metal oxides such as magnesium oxide, calcium oxide, and aluminum oxide; metal hydroxides such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, and aluminum hydroxide; metal carbonates such as sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, and calcium carbonate; metal bicarbonates such as sodium bicarbonate and potassium bicarbonate; metal phosphates such as trisodium phosphate, tripotassium phosphate, tricalcium phosphate, trimagnesium phosphate, sodium pyrophosphate, potassium pyrophosphate, sodium polyphosphate, and potassium polyphosphate; metal hydrogen phosphates such as sodium hydrogen phosphate and potassium hydrogen phosphate; metal silicates such as sodium silicate, magnesium silicate, calcium silicate, synthetic aluminum silicate, synthetic sodium magnesium silicate, and talc; complex aluminum silicate compounds such as magnesium aluminosilicate, aluminum magnesium silicate, and magnesium aluminometasilicate; complex aluminum-magnesium compounds such as synthetic hydrotalcite; and inorganic ammonium salts such as ammonium hydroxide, ammonium carbonate, ammonium hydrogen carbonate, and ammonium hydrogen phosphate.
  • Alternatively, examples of the basic substance include glycine, L-serine, L-cystine, L-tryptophan, L-proline, L-aspartic acid, L-lysine, L-histidine, L-arginine, L-lysine hydrochloride, meglumine, magnesium aluminometasilicate, magnesium aluminometasilicate, magnesium oxide, magnesium hydroxide, magnesium carbonate, magnesium silicate, and calcium bicarbonate. Examples of the basic substance preferably include L-tryptophan, L-lysine, magnesium hydroxide, magnesium silicate, calcium bicarbonate, sodium bicarbonate, magnesium aluminometasilicate, L-arginine, meglumine, magnesium oxide, and magnesium carbonate; more preferably include magnesium aluminometasilicate, L-arginine, meglumine, magnesium oxide, magnesium hydroxide, magnesium carbonate, and sodium bicarbonate; even more preferably include magnesium aluminometasilicate, magnesium oxide, and magnesium carbonate; and most preferably include magnesium aluminometasilicate.
  • The magnesium aluminometasilicate is preferably Neusilin(R) US2, S2, UFL2, FH2, or NS2N (Fuji Chemical Industries Co., Ltd.) or PTU-F (Tomita Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.). More preferably, the magnesium aluminometasilicate is Neusilin(R) US2 or S2 (Fuji Chemical Industries Co., Ltd.).
  • The basic substance is preferably selected from the group consisting of L-tryptophan, L-lysine, magnesium hydroxide, magnesium silicate, calcium bicarbonate, sodium bicarbonate, magnesium aluminometasilicate, L-arginine, meglumine, magnesium oxide, and magnesium carbonate, and is most preferably selected from the group consisting of L-tryptophan, L-lysine, magnesium hydroxide, magnesium silicate, calcium bicarbonate, sodium bicarbonate, magnesium aluminometasilicate, L-arginine, meglumine, and magnesium oxide.
  • The basic substance is contained in an amount of 5 wt % or more, 5 wt % or more and 30 wt % or less, 7.5 wt % or more, 7.5 wt % or more and 30 wt % or less, based on the total amount of the composition.
  • A weight ratio of the compound represented by formula (I) or a salt thereof to the basic substance preferably ranges from 100:5 to 100:60, more preferably 100:10 to 100:50, and most preferably 100:20 to 100:40 in terms of the free form.
  • The formulation of the present invention is produced using any well-known methods using additive(s) such as an excipient, a lubricant, a coating agent, a binder, a disintegrator, a stabilizer, a flavoring agent, and a diluent.
  • Examples of the “excipient” include starches such as corn starch, potato starch, wheat starch, rice starch, partially pregelatinized starch, pregelatinized starch, and porous starch; sugars or sugar alcohols such as lactose hydrate, fructose, glucose, mannitol, and sorbitol; anhydrous dibasic calcium phosphate; crystalline cellulose; precipitated calcium carbonate; and calcium silicate. Examples of preferable excipients include starches such as starch, potato starch, and corn starch; lactose hydrate; crystalline cellulose; and anhydrous dibasic calcium phosphate.
  • The “disintegrator” in the present invention is a component that facilitates rapid disintegration of a solid formulation after orally taken.
  • Examples of the disintegrator include sodium starch glycolate, low-substituted hydroxypropylcellulose, carmellose calcium, pregelatinized starch, sodium chloride, corn starch, croscarmellose sodium, crystalline cellulose, silicic anhydride, and carmellose.
  • The amount of the disintegrator used is, for example, 5 wt % or more, preferably 7.5 wt % or more, more preferably 8.5 wt % or more, and particularly preferably 10 wt % or more based on the total amount of the composition or formulation of the present invention. The upper limit of the amount used includes, but is not particularly limited to, 30 wt %. It should be noted that when the formulation of the present invention has a coating film (e.g., a coated tablet), the amount used is based on the total amount of the components to be covered with the coating film (or the total amount of the components to be put in a capsule, or the total amount of the components covered with a coating).
  • Examples of the “binder” include polyvinylpyrrolidone, macrogol, and similar compounds as listed for the excipient. Specific examples of the binder include hydroxypropylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, methylcellulose, povidone (polyvinylpyrrolidone), and powdered acacia. The amount of the binder used is preferably 0.1 to 50 parts by weight and more preferably 0.5 to 40 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the formulation.
  • Suitable examples of the “lubricant” include magnesium stearate, calcium stearate, talc, sucrose fatty acid ester, and sodium stearyl fumarate.
  • Examples of the surfactant or emulsifying agent include polysorbate 80, polyoxyl 40 stearate, and lauromacrogol.
  • Coloring agents may be any substance that is allowed to be added into pharmaceuticals. Examples of the coloring agents include edible pigments such as Food Yellow No. 5 (sunset yellow, the same as Food Yellow No. 6 in the United States), Food Red No. 2, and Food Blue No. 2; edible lake pigments; and iron sesquioxide.
  • Examples of the stabilizer include p-hydroxybenzoate esters such as methylparaben and propylparaben; alcohols such as chlorobutanol, benzyl alcohol, and phenylethyl alcohol; benzalkonium chloride; phenols such as phenol and cresol; thimerosal; dehydroacetic acid; and sorbic acid.
  • Examples of the “flavoring agent” include sweeteners, acidulants, and flavors commonly used.
  • “Fluidizers” are used for the purpose of improving fluidity of mixed powders or granules. Representative examples of the fluidizers include light anhydrous silicates such as talc and silicon dioxide, and hydrous silicon dioxide. The light anhydrous silicates may be any substance that contains hydrous silicon dioxide (SiO2.nH2O, wherein n is an integer) as a main component. Specific examples of the light anhydrous silicates include Sylysia 320 (trade name, FUJI SILYSIA CHEMICAL LTD.) and AEROSIL 200 (trade name, NIPPON AEROSIL Co., Ltd.).
  • Preferable examples of “preservatives” include p-hydroxybenzoate esters, chlorobutanol, benzyl alcohol, phenethyl alcohol, dehydroacetic acid, and sorbic acid.
  • Preferable examples of antioxidants include sulfites and ascorbic acid.
  • The additives described above may be used in combinations of two or more in an appropriate ratio.
  • Examples of the solvent used for producing a solution include ethanol, phenol, chlorocresol, purified water, and distilled water.
  • The solid formulation of the present invention can be produced by mixing the compound represented by formula (I) with a basic substance and the additive(s) described above and then subjecting the mixture to a general production process, preferably a production process described below, to provide a solid formulation.
  • 1) The compound represented by formula (I) is mixed with a basic substance and additives such as an excipient, a disintegrator, and a lubricant. The mixture is then compression molded to produce a solid formulation of the present invention.
  • 2) The compound represented by formula (I) is mixed with a basic substance and additives such as an excipient and a binder. The mixture is then granulated while adding or spraying a solvent (e.g., purified water, ethanol, or a mixture thereof). To the resulting granulated material is added an appropriate amount of a lubricant and optionally a disintegrator and mixed. The mixture is compression molded to produce a solid formulation of the present invention.
  • 3) The compound represented by formula (I) is mixed with a basic substance and additive(s) such as an excipient. The mixture is then granulated while adding or spraying a liquid obtained by dispersing or dissolving a binder and optionally other additives in a solvent (e.g., purified water, ethanol, or a mixture thereof). To the resulting granulated material is added an appropriate amount of a lubricant and optionally a disintegrator and mixed. The mixture is compression molded to produce a solid formulation of the present invention.
  • The pharmaceutical composition of the present invention also relates to a pharmaceutical composition comprising (i) the compound represented by formula (I) or a salt thereof and (ii) a basic substance.
  • An aspect of the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention also relates to a non-granular pharmaceutical composition comprising (i) the compound represented by formula (I) or a salt thereof and (ii) a basic substance.
  • An aspect of the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention also relates to a pharmaceutical composition comprising (i) granules containing the compound represented by formula (I) or a salt thereof and (ii) an external additive containing a basic substance.
  • A further aspect of the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is a pharmaceutical composition comprising (i) granules containing the compound represented by formula (I) or a salt thereof and a surfactant, and (ii) an external additive containing a basic compound and a disintegrator.
  • A further aspect of the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is a pharmaceutical composition comprising (i) granules containing the compound represented by formula (I) or a salt thereof, a surfactant, and a disintegrator, and (ii) an external additive containing a basic compound and a disintegrator.
  • As used herein, the term “granules” refers to grains having almost uniform shape and size and the granules are obtained by granulating a raw material in a form of powder, aggregate, solution, or molten liquid via wet granulation, dry granulation, heat granulation, or other similar techniques. The term “non-granular” refers to a state in which granules are not formed.
  • In the present invention, granules may contain various additives in addition to the surfactant and the disintegrator described above.
  • For example, the granules may contain the compound represented by formula (I) or a salt thereof, a disintegrator, a surfactant, an excipient, and a binder. The granules may further contain at least one additive selected from a lubricant, a coating agent, a stabilizing agent, a flavoring agent, and a diluent. The granules can be produced by granulating a composition comprising the compound represented by formula (I) or a salt thereof and optionally additives such as a disintegrator, a surfactant, an excipient, a lubricant, a coating agent, a binder, a stabilizer, a flavoring agent, and a diluent, through typical granulating steps.
  • The granules may have a mean particle diameter used in typical formulation. It should be noted that the mean particle diameter is a value obtained by feeding 6 g of a granulated material sample onto the top of the stacked sieves different in mesh size (e.g., 850, 500, 355, 250, 180, 106, 75, 53, and 0 μm), shaking the sieves for 3 minutes, measuring the weights of the granulated materials left on the individual sieves, and calculating a particle size equivalent to 50% cumulative percentage through approximation of logarithmic normal distribution based on the mesh sizes of the sieves and cumulative percentages under the sieves.
  • As used herein, the term “external additive” and “external additive component” refer to components externally added to granules. The external additive component includes further additives such as a lubricant and a fluidizer in addition to a disintegrator.
  • The disintegrator may be contained in the granules or external additive component. The disintegrator is preferably selected from sodium starch glycolate, low-substituted hydroxypropylcellulose, carmellose calcium, pregelatinized starch, sodium chloride, corn starch, croscarmellose sodium, crystalline cellulose, silicic anhydride, and carmellose, is more preferably selected from carmellose calcium, crospovidone, sodium starch glycolate, and croscarmellose sodium, and is most preferably carmellose calcium and crospovidone.
  • When the disintegrator is contained in the granules or external additive component, the disintegrator is selected from sodium starch glycolate, low-substituted hydroxypropylcellulose, carmellose calcium, pregelatinized starch, sodium chloride, corn starch, croscarmellose sodium, crystalline cellulose, silicic anhydride, and carmellose, is preferably selected from carmellose calcium, crospovidone, sodium starch glycolate, and croscarmellose sodium, and is most preferably carmellose calcium or crospovidone.
  • The granules (i) may contain a basic substance in the granules, in which the pharmaceutical composition may comprise (i) granules containing the compound represented by formula (I) or a salt thereof and a basic substance, and (ii) a surfactant. The basic substance is added more preferably as an external additive component.
  • The basic substance contained in the granules (i) is a substance exemplified above as a basic substance. The basic substance is preferably selected from an inorganic basic substance, a metal salt of organic acids, an organic amine, and a basic amino acid, is more preferably an inorganic basic substance, and is most preferably magnesium aluminometasilicate.
  • When a basic substance is contained in the external additive component, the basic substance contained in the external additive component (ii) is a substance exemplified above as a basic substance. The basic substance is preferably selected from an inorganic basic substance, a metal salt of organic acids, an organic amine, and a basic amino acid described above, is more preferably an inorganic basic substance described above, and is most preferably magnesium aluminometasilicate.
  • The basic substance contained in the granules (i) and the external additive component (ii) is preferably contained in an amount of 5 wt % or more, 5 wt % or more and 30 wt % or less, 7.5 wt % or more, or 7.5 wt % or more and 30 wt % or less, based on the total amount of the formulation.
  • The pharmaceutical composition of the present invention may comprise dissolution aids such as organic polymers described below, in addition to surfactants.
  • Examples of the “dissolution aid” include organic polymers. Examples of the “organic polymer” used in the present invention specifically include polysaccharides such as hydroxypropylcellulose (hereinafter also referred to as HPC), hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, methylcellulose, propylene glycol alginate ester, powdered agar, guar gum, zein, and hydroxyethyl methylcellulose; synthetic resins such as carboxy vinyl polymer, polyvinyl alcohol, or vinyl acetate resin, and sodium polystyrene sulfonate; and phosphoproteins such as casein and casein sodium.
  • Of the organic polymers, a polymer that has a solubility in water of 1 g/100 g or more is called a water-soluble polymer. Specific examples of the water-soluble polymer include hydroxypropylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, methylcellulose, propylene glycol alginate ester, casein sodium, a carboxyvinyl polymer, powdered agar, guar gum, copolyvidone, hydroxyethylmethylcellulose, and a polyvinyl alcohol.
  • Of the organic polymers, a polymer that can be dissolved under acidic conditions at pH of the gastric juice, 1.2 to 3.5, is called a gastrosoluble polymer, whereas a polymer that can be quickly dissolved at the intestinal pH 6 to 8 is called an enteric polymer. Examples of the gastrosoluble polymer include an aminoalkyl methacrylate copolymer E and a polyvinyl acetal diethylamino acetate. Examples of the enteric polymer include a methacrylic acid copolymer LD (emulsion), methacrylic acid copolymer S, purified shellac, carboxymethylethylcellulose, cellulose acetate phthalate (cellaphate), hydroxypropylmethylcellulose acetate succinate, casein, and zein.
  • Examples of preferable dissolution aids include casein, casein sodium, powdered skim milk, dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate, polyoxyl 40 stearate, sorbitan trioleate, polyoxyethylene (105) polyoxypropylene (5) glycol, polyoxyethylene hydrogenated castor oil 60, polyoxyl 35 castor oil, lauromacrogol, lauroylsarcosine sodium, sodium tetradecyl sulfate, sodium hexadecyl sulfate, sodium octadecyl sulfate, sodium methyl sulfate, sodium ethyl sulfate, sodium butyl sulfate, sodium octyl sulfate, sodium decyl sulfate, and sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate.
  • The dissolution aid may be granular or may be obtained by spray drying.
  • Examples of the excipient that can be contained in the granules (i) in the present invention include starches such as corn starch, potato starch, wheat starch, rice starch, partially pregelatinized starch, pregelatinized starch, and porous starch; sugars or sugar alcohols such as lactose hydrate, fructose, glucose, mannitol, and sorbitol; anhydrous dibasic calcium phosphate; crystalline cellulose; precipitated calcium carbonate; and calcium silicate. Examples of preferable excipients include starches such as starch, potato starch, and corn starch; lactose hydrate; crystalline cellulose; and anhydrous dibasic calcium phosphate, with mannitol and lactose hydrate being more preferable. The amount of excipient used is preferably 5 to 60 parts by weight, and more preferably 10 to 30 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the composition or formulation.
  • It should be noted that when the formulation of the present invention has a coating film (e.g., a coated tablet), the amount used is based on the total amount of the components covered with the coating film (or the total amount of the components covered with a coating).
  • Examples of the binder that can be contained in the granules (i) in the present invention include hydroxypropylcellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, macrogol, and similar compounds as listed for the excipient. Specific examples of the binder include hydroxypropylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, methylcellulose, povidone (polyvinylpyrrolidone), and powdered acacia, and preferably hydroxypropylcellulose. The amount of the binder used is preferably 0.1 to 50 parts by weight, more preferably 0.5 to 40 parts by weight, and even more preferably 0.5 to 10 parts by weight, per 100 parts by weight of the composition or formulation.
  • It should be noted that when the formulation of the present invention has a coating film (e.g., a coated tablet), the amount used is based on the total amount of the components covered with the coating film (or the total amount of the components covered with a coating).
  • The binder may be contained in granules and external additive components, and is preferably hydroxypropylcellulose.
  • Suitable examples of the lubricant that can be contained in the granules (i) in the present invention include magnesium stearate, calcium stearate, talc, sucrose fatty acid ester, and sodium stearyl fumarate.
  • Examples of the stabilizer that can be contained in the granules (i) in the present invention include p-hydroxybenzoate esters such as methylparaben and propylparaben; alcohols such as chlorobutanol, benzyl alcohol, and phenylethyl alcohol; benzalkonium chloride; phenols such as phenol and cresol; thimerosal; dehydroacetic acid; and sorbic acid.
  • Examples of the flavoring agent that can be contained in the granules of the present invention include sweeteners, acidulants, and flavors commonly used.
  • A further another aspect of the present invention is a pharmaceutical composition comprising a poorly soluble basic agent, an anionic surfactant, and a basic substance. By adding the basic substance, dissolution of the poorly soluble basic agent is improved and a composition suitable for a high dose formulation can be obtained.
  • The term “poorly soluble” refers to a solubility of 1 mg/ml or less, more preferably 100 μg/ml or less, even more preferably 10 μg/ml or less, particularly preferably 1 μg/ml or less, and most preferably 0.1 μg/ml or less, in a solvent, particularly water, a buffer, or a gastrointestinal fluid. The basic agent is preferably poorly soluble in any solvent having a pH of 7 or less, more preferably poorly soluble in any solvent having a pH of 4 to 7, and even more preferably poorly soluble in any solvent having a pH of 4 and/or 7. However, when the basic agent is a compound having a basic group in the molecule, it is preferably poorly soluble in any solvent having a pH of 7 or more, more preferably poorly soluble in any solvent having a pH of 7 to 9, and even more preferably poorly soluble in any solvent having a pH of 7 and/or 9. Solvents used to measure a solubility are not limited to particular solvents. Examples of solvents having a pH of 4 include an acetate buffer and a citrate buffer. Examples of solvents having a pH of 5 include an acetate buffer, a citrate buffer, and a phosphate buffer. Examples of solvents having a pH of 7 include water and a phosphate buffer. Examples of solvents having a pH of 9 include a carbonate buffer. The solubility is measured at a temperature of preferably 20 to 40° C., and more preferably 37° C. in any case.
  • The “basic agent” has at least one basic group, for example, a primary amino group (—NH2), a secondary amino group (imino group, —NH—), a tertiary amino group (>N—), an amide group, and a basic nitrogen-containing heterocyclic group (pyrrolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, pyrazinyl, purinyl, quinolyl, pyridyl, piperidino, piperidyl, piperazinyl, triazolo group, and the like). It should be noted that the amino group includes a hydrazino group (—NH—NH2), a hydrazo group (—NH—NH—), and the like. The basic agent is required to have at least one basic group and may have the same or different types of more than one basic group. Drugs may form a salt (e.g., salts of inorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, and phosphoric acid; organic carboxylic acids such as acetic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, fumaric acid, and maleic acid; and organic sulfonic acids such as mesylic acid). Cationic or basic drugs include drugs that generate cationic or basic metabolites or prodrugs which exhibit activity within a living body.
  • The basic agent is not limited to particular types. The basic agent may be, for example, drugs acting on the central nervous system, the autonomic nervous system, the respiratory system, the circulatory system, the gastrointestinal system, the metabolic system, and other systems, and may be drugs acting on blood and hematopoiesis, ophthalmologic drugs, otolaryngological drugs, or bioactive substances (autacoids). Specific examples of the types of the basic agent include antipyretic agents, analgesic agents, anti-inflammatory agents, sedative-hypnotic agents, antirheumatic agents, antidepressant agents, antiepileptic agents, antidizziness agents, antiallergic agents, cardiotonic agents, β-blockers, calcium antagonists, antiarrhythmic agents, diuretic agents, antianginal agents, therapeutic agents for heart failure, therapeutic agents for myocardial infarction, antihypertensive agents (therapeutic agents for hypertension), therapeutic agents for peripheral circulatory disturbance, vasopressor agents (therapeutic agents for hypotension), bronchodilator agents, antiasthmatic agents, antituberculous agents, antidiabetic agents, therapeutic agents for diabetic complication, antihyperlipidemic agents, antihyperuricemic agents, antitussive and expectorant combinations, antiulcer agents, therapeutic agents for thyroid disease, therapeutic agents for prostatic hyperplasia, anticancer agents, therapeutic agents for osteoporosis, therapeutic agents for Alzheimer's disease, antibiotics, vitamins, and antiplasmin agents.
  • Specific examples of the basic agent include antipyretic, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory agents (such as antipyretic analgesics including dimetotiazine mesylate; headache relief drugs including dihydroergotamine mesilate, lomerizine hydrochloride, and sumatriptan succinate; and anti-inflammatory agents including fenamic acid, mefenamic acid, floctafenine, proglumetacin maleate, epirizole, and tiaramide hydrochloride), antirheumatic agents (such as penicillamine and methothrexate), antihyperuricemic agents (such as allopurinol), sedative-hypnotic agents (such as rilmazafone hydrochloride and zolpidem tartrate), antidepressant agents (such as nortriptyline hydrochloride, imipramine hydrochloride, amitriptyline hydrochloride, clomipramine hydrochloride, fluvoxamine maleate, and milnacipran hydrochloride), antidizziness agents (such as isoprenaline hydrochloride and betahistine mesilate), antiallergic agents (such as antihistamines including diphenhydramine hydrochloride, diphenylpyraline teoclate, clemastine fumarate, chlorpheniramine maleate, alimemazine tartrate, and promethazine hydrochloride; and histamine H1 antagonists (or basic antiallergic agents) including ketotifen fumarate, azelastine hydrochloride, and epinastine hydrochloride), cardiotonic agents (such as denopamine and isoprenaline hydrochloride), antianginal agents (such as nicorandil, etafenone hydrochloride, dipyridamole, trapidil, and trimetazidine hydrochloride), β-blockers (such as propranolol hydrochloride, difenidol hydrochloride, bufetolol hydrochloride, bupranolol hydrochloride, bopindolol malonate, oxprenolol hydrochloride, alprenolol hydrochloride, indenolol hydrochloride, acebutolol hydrochloride, and celiprolol hydrochloride), calcium antagonists (such as manidipine hydrochloride, benidipine hydrochloride, amlodipine besylate, verapamil hydrochloride, and diltiazem hydrochloride), antiarrhythmic agents (such as aprindine hydrochloride, pilsicainide hydrochloride, propafenone hydrochloride, amiodarone hydrochloride, nifekalant hydrochloride, sotalol hydrochloride, and bepridil hydrochloride), diuretic agents (such as hydrochlorothiazide, penflutizide, benzylhydrochlorothiazide, bumetanide, azosemide, and triamterene), antihypertensive agents (such as sympatholytic agents including clonidine hydrochloride, methyldopa, guanabenz acetate, guanfacine hydrochloride, reserpine, prazosin hydrochloride, bunazosin hydrochloride, terazosin hydrochloride, and doxazosin mesylate; vasodilator agents including hydralazine hydrochloride, budralazine, todralazine hydrochloride, and cadralazine; ACE inhibitors including enalapril maleate, delapril hydrochloride, lisinopril, and benazepril hydrochloride; and angiotensin II receptor antagonists including candesartan cilexetil and valsartan), therapeutic agents for peripheral circulatory disturbance (such as inositol hexanicotinate, hepronicate, tolazoline hydrochloride, and isoxsuprine hydrochloride), vasopressor agents (such as metaraminol bitartrate, methoxamine hydrochloride, midodrine hydrochloride, amezinium metilsulfate, etilefrine hydrochloride, and phenylephrine hydrochloride), bronchodilator agents and antiasthmatic agents (such as β2-adrenergic receptor agonists including ephedrine hydrochloride, methylephedrine hydrochloride, isoprenaline hydrochloride, orciprenaline sulfate, clorprenaline hydrochloride, salbutamol hydrochloride, terbutaline hydrochloride, formoterol fumarate, tulobuterol hydrochloride, fenoterol hydrobromide, procaterol hydrochloride, and clenbuterol hydrochloride; and xanthine derivatives including theophylline, aminophylline, choline theophylline, and proxyphylline), antitussive agents (such as dimemorfan phosphate, tipepidine hibenzate, oxeladin citrate, dextromethorphan hydrobromide, pentoxyverine citrate, cloperastine, and benproperine phosphate), antidiabetic agents (such as tolbutamide, acetohexamide, glibenclamide, glimepiride, buformin hydrochloride, metformin hydrochloride, pioglitazone hydrochloride, and voglibose), expectorants (such as L-methylcysteine hydrochloride, ambroxol hydrochloride, and bromhexine hydrochloride), antiulcer agents (such as H2 receptor antagonists including cimetidine, ranitidine hydrochloride, and famotidine; proton pump inhibitors including lansoprazole and omeprazole; and muscarinic receptor antagonists including pirenzepine hydrochloride), antibiotics (such as clarithromycin, kitasamycin, josamycin, midecamycin, rokitamycin, and azithromycin), narcotics (such as amphetamine and meperidine), vitamins [such as vitamin B1 including thiamine hydrochloride, thiamine nitrate, dicethiamine hydrochloride, cycotiamine, benfotiamine, bisibuthiamine, fursultiamin, prosultiamine, octotiamine, bisbentiamine, and thiamine disulfide; vitamin B2 including riboflavin, riboflavin sodium phosphate, riboflavin butyrate, and flavin-adenine dinucleotide sodium; vitamin B6 including pyridoxine hydrochloride, pyridoxine acetate, and pyridoxal phosphate; nicotinic acids including nicotinic acid and nicotinamide; vitamin B12 including mecobalamin, cyanocobalamin, hydroxocobalamin (such as hydroxocobalamin hydrochloride and hydroxocobalamin acetate), and methylcobalamin; folic acid, pantothenic acid, biotin, vitamin P (such as hesperidin)], and antiplasmin agents (such as epsilon-aminocaproic acid and tranexamic acid).
  • The basic agents can be used alone or in combinations or two or more depending on the purpose of prevention or treatment.
  • The present invention also includes:
  • a composition that consists of a poorly soluble basic agent, an anionic surfactant, and a basic substance and has good dissolution of the agent;
  • a composition that consists of a poorly soluble basic agent, an anionic surfactant, and a basic substance and has good disintegration of the agent;
  • the above-mentioned composition that is a formulation for oral administration; and the above-mentioned composition that is a tablet.
  • The present invention further includes:
  • a method of improving dissolution of a basic agent by adding a basic substance into a formulation comprising the basic agent and an anionic surfactant;
  • a method of improving disintegration of a formulation comprising a basic agent and an anionic surfactant by adding a basic substance into the formulation; and
  • a method of producing a formulation that comprises a basic agent and an anionic surfactant and has good dissolution of the agent, comprising adding a basic substance into the formulation.
  • It has been found that, in the present invention, when a basic drug substance and an anionic surfactant are contained, the basic substance and the anionic surfactant ionically interact to form an impermeable film thereby resulting in poor disintegration and that a basic substance suppresses the formation of the impermeable film.
  • By adding a basic substance to a formulation comprising a poorly soluble basic agent such as the compound represented by formula (I), and a surfactant, a formulation having good dissolution is obtained. The term “good dissolution” means that a formulation has a dissolution rate of 45% or more, preferably 60% or more, and more preferably 75% or more at 30 minutes when the dissolution test (dissolution test 1) by the paddle method for dissolution test specified in the Japanese Pharmacopeia is performed at 100 revolutions per minute, typically in a test solution, which is purified water (900 mL) containing formic acid (33 mL) and polyoxyethylene (10) octylphenyl ether (2%). Alternatively, the term “good dissolution” means that a formulation has a dissolution rate of 45% or more, preferably 60% or more, and more preferably 75% or more at 30 minutes when the dissolution test (dissolution test 2) by the paddle method is performed at 100 revolutions per minute in a test solution, which is 900 mL of the 1st fluid for dissolution test specified in the Japanese Pharmacopeia containing polyoxyethylene (10) octylphenyl ether (4%), or preferably 75 mL of the 1st fluid for dissolution test containing about 3 g of polyoxyethylene (10) octylphenylether. Preferably, the term “good dissolution” means that a formulation has the above-mentioned dissolution in either dissolution test 1 or dissolution test 2 and more preferably means that a formulation has a dissolution rate of 45% or more, preferably 60% or more, and more preferably 75% or more at 30 minute when dissolution test 2 is performed. Particularly preferably, the term “good dissolution” means that 70% or more of a formulation is dissolved at 75 minutes when dissolution test 2 is performed.
  • It should be noted that the 1st fluid for dissolution test specified in the Japanese Pharmacopeia is a colorless clear solution that contains sodium chloride (2.0 g) in hydrochloric acid (7.0 ml) and water (q.s. to 1000 mL) and has a pH of about 1.2.
  • The term “improving dissolution” means that a dissolution of the agent below the dissolution range described above is increased to the dissolution range. Improving dissolution facilitates efficient absorption of the pharmaceutically active ingredient to rapidly exert drug efficacy. In countries, except Japan, including the United States, Europe, and Israel, the dissolution test 2 is prescribed to be a standard testing methodology for dissolution of an approved capsule formulation containing a pharmaceutically active ingredient. A desirable dissolution rate in the dissolution test 2 is 45% or more at 30 minutes and 75% or more at 70 minutes in the dissolution test in the United States and Israel, and is 45% or more and 75% or less at 30 minutes, and 75% or more at 70 minutes in the dissolution test in the EU region.
  • According to the present invention, when a basic substance is added to a formulation comprising a poorly soluble basic agent, such as the compound represented by formula (I), and a surfactant, the resulting formulation has good disintegration. The term “good disintegration” means that a formulation disintegrates within 30 minutes and preferably within 15 minutes in the disintegration test specified in the Japanese Pharmacopeia using, as a test medium, the 1st fluid for dissolution test specified in the Japanese Pharmacopeia (disintegration test 1). Alternatively, the “good disintegration” means that a formulation disintegrates at 10 minutes and preferably within 5 minutes in the disintegration test specified in the Japanese Pharmacopeia using water as a test medium (disintegration test 2). Preferably, the term “good disintegration” means that a formulation has the above-mentioned disintegration in either the disintegration test 1 or disintegration test 2 and more preferably means that a formulation disintegrates within 3 minutes in the disintegration test 2. The term “improving disintegration” means that a disintegration below the disintegration range described above of the formulation is increased to the disintegration range. The term “disintegrate” means that “a residue of a sample is observed and the residue is a minor amount of a soft substance or muddy substance at 30 minutes in a disintegration test ” or that “no residue of a sample is observed at 30 minutes in a disintegration test”, and preferably means that no residue of a sample is observe at 30 minutes in a disintegration test.
    • EXAMPLE
  • The present invention will be now described in more detail in Examples below; however, the present invention is not limited by the Examples. It should be noted that sodium lauryl sulfate used in Examples 1-20 was NIKKOL SLS (Nikko Chemicals Co., Ltd.).
    • Reference Example 1: Formation of Impermeable Film (Production of Formulation)
  • In accordance with the amounts of components shown in Table 1, tablets were prepared. Hydrochloride of the compound of formula (I) (hereinafter referred to as Compound A), sodium lauryl sulfate, and magnesium stearate were manually mixed together in a polyethylene vessel. The powder mixture was compressed under a pressure of 500 kgf in a static pressure-type tablet press machine (P-16, RIKEN SEIKI) to form tablets (Φ=9.0 mm) each containing 150 mg of Compound A in terms of the free form.
  • TABLE 1
    Amount blended per tablet, mg
    Components Reference Example 1
    Compound A 161.330
    Sodium lauryl sulfate 37.500
    Magnesium stearate*1 1.170
    Total 200.00
    *1Trade name: Parteck LUB MST, purchased from Merck
    • (Evaluation of Formulation and Results)
  • The formulation of Reference Example 1 was subjected to the dissolution test (dissolution test 2) via the paddle method for dissolution test specified in the Japanese Pharmacopeia performed at 100 rotations/minute using, as a test medium, 900 mL of the 1st fluid for dissolution test specified in the Japanese Pharmacopeia containing polyoxyethylene (10) octyl phenyl ether (4%). The dissolution profile of Reference Example 1 is shown in FIG. 1. Photographs of appearance of the formulation before and after the test and a photograph of a midsection after the test are shown in FIG. 2.
  • As shown in FIG. 1, the tablets that were formed by wet granulation and contained Compound A and sodium lauryl sulfate had a linear dissolution profile and the maximum dissolution rate of 40% or less. As shown in FIG. 2, the formulation after the test was cut in the middle of the tablet, resulting in the observation that the test medium permeated only the surface of the tablet and the interior of the tablet remained dry. This is probably resulted from an impermeable film that was formed on the surface of the tablet. The impermeable film probably prevented the test medium from permeating the interior of the tablet and failed to continue disintegration and to result in a good dissolution profile. It should be noted that the impermeable film refers to a film that is formed on the surface of the tablet by a basic agent and an anionic surfactant in a test medium.
    • Examples 1 to 7: Investigation of Disintegration of Basic Substances (Production of Formulation)
  • In accordance with the amounts of components for tablet formulation shown in Table 2, tablets were prepared. X included in the external additive components in the formulation was a substance shown in Table 3. Components formulated for granules were mixed together, and the pre-mixed powder was placed in a stainless beaker. Purified water was added while stirring with a metallic spatula to perform wet granulation and dry it in a vacuum dryer (VOS-301SD, TOKYO RIKAKIKAI CO, LTD) at ordinary temperature. Subsequently, this was sized with a sieve having a size diameter of 850 μm to obtain granules that were further mixed with external additive components to obtain a powder mixture. The powder mixture was compressed under a pressure of 1000 kgf in a static pressure-type tablet press machine (P-16, RIKEN SEIKI) to form tablets (15.9×8.4 mm) each containing 300 mg of Compound A in terms of the free form. It should be noted that Comparative Example 1 was a tablet that was formed according to the capsule formulation described in Patent Literature 5. The relationship between the type of X and the disintegration time of tablet was investigated by comparing Comparative Example 1 with Examples 1 to 7.
  • TABLE 2
    Amount blended per tablet, mg
    Formulation of tablet Examples 1-7
    Components formulated for granules
    Compound A 322.7
    Carmellose calcium*1 30.0
    Hydroxypropylcellulose*2 30.0
    Sodium lauryl sulfate*3 75.0
    [Purified water]*4 —
    External additive components
    X*5 142.3
    Carmellose calcium 56.7
    Magnesium stearate 3.3
    Total 660.0
    *1Trade name: E.C.G-505 (GOTOKU CHEMICAL COMPANY LTD.)
    *2Trade name: NISSO HPC (Nippon Soda Co., Ltd.)
    *3Trade name: NIKKOL SLS (Nikko Chemicals Co., Ltd.)
    *4Purified water was removed via drying
    *5Additives described in Table 3
  • TABLE 3
    A list of substances used for X
    Comparative
    Example/
    Example Compound Name Trade Name Purchased from
    Comparative Lactose hydrate Pharmatose 200M DFE Pharma
    Example 1
    Example 1 L-arginine L-arginine AJINOMOTO HEALTHY
    SUPPLY CO., INC.
    Example 2 Meglumine Meglumine Emprove ® Merck
    Example 3 Magnesium api Fuji Chemical Industries Co., Ltd.
    aluminometasilicate Neusilin*
    Example 4 Magnesium oxide Magnesium oxide Kyowa Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.
    Example 5 Magnesium hydroxide Magnesium hydroxide Kyowa Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.
    Example 6 Magnesium carbonate Magnesium carbonate Kyowa Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.
    Example 7 Sodium bicarbonate Sodium bicarbonate Kyowa Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.
    *Neusilin(R) US2 and S2 (Fuji Chemical Industries Co., Ltd.) were each used as magnesium aluminometasilicate.
  • The formulations of Comparative Example 1 and Examples 1 to 7 were each subjected in triplicate to the disintegration test specified in the Japanese Pharmacopeia performed using, as a test medium, water or 1st fluid for dissolution test specified in the Japanese Pharmacopeia. Disintegration behaviors of Examples 1 to 7 are shown in Table 4. It should be noted that this disintegration test was performed in water (disintegration test 2) or under acidic condition (disintegration test 1) in which disintegration proceeded more slowly than in water. In the specification, symbols used in the following table are defined as follows:
      • −: a residue of the sample is observed at 30 minutes in the disintegration test.
      • +: a residue of the sample is observed and the residue is a minor amount of a soft substance or a muddy substance at 30 minutes in the disintegration test.
      • ++: no residue of the sample is observed as 30 minutes in the disintegration test.
  • TABLE 4
    Disintegratability for Comparative Example 1 and Examples 1-7
    Results
    1st fluid for
    dissolution
    test specified
    Comparative in the
    Example/ Japanese
    Example Compound Name Water Pharmacopeia
    Comparative Lactose hydrate − −
    Example 1 L-arginine ++ +
    Example 1
    Example 2 Meglumine ++ +
    Example 3 Magnesium ++ ++
    aluminometasilicate
    Example 4 Magnesium oxide ++ ++
    Example 5 Magnesium hydroxide ++ +
    Example 6 Magnesium carbonate ++ ++
    Example 7 Sodium bicarbonate ++ +
    • (Evaluation of Formulation and Results)
  • As shown in Table 4, in Examples 1 to 7, tablets formed using a basic substance as X had better disintegration than the tablet of Comparative Example 1.
    • Examples 8 to 10: Investigation of the Production Processes on Dissolution (Production of Formulation)
  • In accordance with the amounts of components for tablet formulation shown in Table 5, tablets were prepared with different production processes. In Example 8, formulated components were mixed together to obtain a powder mixture. In Example 9, components formulated for granules were mixed together and compressed under a pressure of 400 kgf in a static pressure-type tablet press machine (P-16, RIKEN SEIKI) with a mallet having Φ 16 mm. The resulting molded products were sized with a sieve having a size diameter of 850 μm to obtain granules that were further mixed with external additive components to provide a powder mixture. In Example 10, formulated components shown in Table 5 were mixed together, and the pre-mixed powder was placed in a stainless beaker. Purified water was added while stirring with a metallic spatula to perform wet granulation and dry it in a vacuum dryer (VOS-301SD, TOKYO RIKAKIKAI CO, LTD) at ordinary temperature. Subsequently, this was sized with a sieve having a mesh size of 850 μm to obtain granules that were further mixed with external additive components to obtain a powder mixture. Each of the powder mixtures of Examples 8 to 10 was compressed under a pressure of 500 kgf in a static pressure-type tablet press machine (P-16, RIKEN SEIKI) to form tablets each containing 150 mg of Compound A in terms of the free form. Tablets formed with production processes in which a basic substance was additionally used for formulated components were investigated for the dissolution.
    • (Evaluation of Formulation and Results)
  • As shown in FIG. 3, in Examples 8 to 10, regardless of production processes, that is whether granules were formed or not, tablets formed using a basic substance as a formulated component had better dissolution than the tablet of Comparative Example 1. These results meet the standards of dissolution tests in various countries for an approved capsule formulation.
  • TABLE 5
    Amount blended per tablet, mg
    Exam-
    Components ple
    blended Example 8 Example 9 10
    Components blended
    for granules
    Compound A 161.35 Compound A 161.35 161.35
    Carmellose calcium 43.35 Carmellose calcium 15.00 15.00
    Hydroxypropyl- 15.00 Hydroxypropyl- 15.00 15.00
    cellulose cellulose
    Sodium lauryl 37.50 Sodium lauryl 37.50 37.50
    sulfate sulfate
    [Purified water]*1 — q.s.
    External additive
    components
    Magnesium 71.15 Magnesium 71.15 71.15
    aluminometasilicate aluminometasilicate
    Carmellose calcium — Carmellose calcium 28.35 28.35
    Magnesium stearate 1.65 Magnesium stearate 1.65 1.65
    Total 330 Total 330 330
    *1Purified water was removed via drying.
    • Examples 11 to 14: Investigation of the Proportions of Excipients and Basic Substances on Dissolution (Production of Formulation)
  • In accordance with the amounts of components shown in Table 6, components formulated for granules were mixed together, and purified water was added to the pre-mixed powder to perform wet granulation in a similar manner to Examples 1 to 7. The granulated powders obtained from wet granulation were dried and sized with a sieve having a size diameter of 850 μm to obtain granules that were further mixed with external additive components to obtain a powder mixture. The powder mixture was compressed under a pressure of 1000 kgf in a static pressure-type tablet press machine (P-16, RIKEN SEIKI) to form tablets (15.9×8.3 mm) each containing 300 mg of Compound A in terms of the free form. These tablets were investigated for the proportions of excipients to components formulated for granules and proportions of disintegrators to a basic substance contained in external additive components on the dissolution.
  • TABLE 6
    Amount blended per tablet, mg
    Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam-
    ple 11 ple 12 ple 13 ple 14
    Components blended for granules
    Compound A 322.7 322.7 322.7 322.7
    Carmellose calcium 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0
    Hydroxypropylcellulose 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0
    Sodium lauryl sulfate 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0
    Lactose monohydrate 72.3 — 22.3 —
    Crystalline cellulose — 72.3 — —
    [Purified water]*1 q.s. q.s. q.s. q.s.
    External additive components
    Magnesium stearate 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3
    Crospovidone*2 56.7 56.7 56.7 129.0
    Magnesium aluminometasilicate 70.0 70.0 120.0 70.0
    Total 660 660 660 660
    *1Purified water was removed via drying.
    *2Trade name: Polyplasdone XL (Ashland)
    • (Evaluation of Formulation and Results)
  • In Examples 11 to 14, the dissolution test (dissolution test 1) via the paddle method for dissolution test specified in the Japanese Pharmacopeia was performed at 100 revolutions per minute, in a test solution, which is purified water (900 mL) containing formic acid (33 mL) and polyoxyethylene (10) octylphenyl ether (2%). The dissolution profiles of Examples 11 to 14 are shown in FIG. 4.
  • As shown in FIG. 4, addition of a basic substance (magnesium aluminometasilicate) resulted in a good dissolution profile regardless of types of excipients included in components formulated for granules and proportions of the disintegrators.
    • Examples 15 to 18: Investigation of the Combination of Excipients and External Additive Components on Dissolution (Production of Formulation)
  • In accordance with the amounts of components shown in Table 7, components formulated for granules were weighed and mixed together in a granulator (VG-05, Powrex Corporation), purified water was added to perform granulation and dry it in a fluidized bed dryer (FL-LABO, inlet air temperature, 60° C.) to achieve a loss on drying of 2% or less. The resulting dried powder was sized in a screen mill with a screen having a mesh size diameter of 1.4 mm to obtain granules and the granules were further mixed with external additive components to obtain a powder mixture. The powder mixture was compressed in a static pressure-type tablet press machine under a similar condition to those of Examples 8 to 10 to form tablets each containing 150 mg of Compound A in terms of the free form. The tablets were investigated for dissolution.
  • TABLE 7
    Amount blended per tablet, mg
    Components blended Example Example Example Example
    Components blended for granules 15 16 17 18
    Compound A 161.3 161.3 161.3 161.3
    Hydroxypropylcellulose 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0
    Sodium lauryl sulfate 37.5 37.5 37.5 37.5
    Carmellose calcium 15.0 — 15.0 —
    Crospovidone — 15.0 — 15.0
    Lactose hydrate 36.2 36.2 — —
    D-mannitor — — 36.2 36.2
    [Purified water]*2 q.s. q.s. q.s. q.s.
    External additive components
    Magnesium stearate 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7
    Carmellose calcium 28.4 — 28.4 —
    Crospovidone — 28.4 — 28.4
    Magnesium aluminometasilicate 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0
    Total 330 330 330 330
    *1Trade name: Parteck M200(Merck)
    *2Purified water was removed via drying.
    • (Evaluation of Formulation and Results)
  • In Examples 15 to 18, the disintegration test (disintegration test 1) specified in the Japanese Pharmacopeia was performed using, as a test medium, 1st fluid for dissolution test specified in the Japanese Pharmacopeia. For all of the tablets of Examples 15 to 18, no residue of the sample was observed at 30 minutes in the disintegration test. It should be noted that this disintegration test (disintegration test 1) was performed under acidic condition in which disintegration proceeded more slowly than in water.
  • In Examples 15 to 18, the dissolution test (dissolution test 2) was performed by the paddle method for dissolution test specified in the Japanese Pharmacopeia at 100 revolutions per minute using, as a test medium, 900 mL of 1st fluid for dissolution test specified in the Japanese Pharmacopeia containing polyoxyethylene (10) octylphenyl ether (4%). The dissolution profiles of Examples 15 to 18 are shown in FIG. 5.
  • As shown in FIG. 5 showing the dissolution profiles of Compound A from tablets, addition of magnesium aluminometasilicate resulted in good dissolution regardless of the combination of the excipients and the disintegrators. These results meet standards of dissolution tests in various countries for approved capsule formulations.
    • Examples 19 and 20: Investigation of the Weight of Tablet (Production of Formulation)
  • In accordance with the amounts of components shown in Table 8, components formulated for granules were each weighed and mixed together in a fluidized bed dryer granulator (FG-602, Freund Corporation). Purified water was added via spraying to perform granulation and dry it in the dryer granulator at a temperature of supplied air of 60° C. to achieve a loss on drying of 2% or less. The resulting dried powder was sized in a particle-size selector with a screen having a size diameter of 1.4 mm to obtain granules and the obtained granules were further mixed with external additive components to obtain a powder mixture. The powder mixture was compressed under a pressure of 10 kN in a rotary tablet press machine (AQUARIUS-C, KIKUSUI SEISAKUSHO LTD.) to form tablets (17.3×8.0 mm) each containing 300 mg of Compound A in terms of the free form. The relationship between the tablet weight and disintegration was investigated by comparing these tablets with those of Examples 15 to 18.
  • TABLE 8
    Amount blended per tablet, mg
    Example Example
    Components blended 19 20
    Components blended for granules
    Compound A 322.7 322.7
    Hydroxypropylcellulose 29.7 29.7
    Sodium lauryl sulfate 75.0 75.0
    Carmellose calcium — 29.7
    Crospovidone 29.7 —
    Lactose hydrate 72.6 —
    D-mannitol — 72.6
    [Purified water*1] q.s. q.s.
    External additive components
    Magnesium stearate 3.3 3.3
    Carmellose calcium — 57.0
    Crospovidone 57.0 —
    Magnesium aluminometasilicate 70.0 70.0
    Total 660 660
    *1Purified water was removed via drying.
  • The tablets of Examples 19 and 20 were each subjected to the disintegration test specified in the Japanese Pharmacopeia performed using, as a test medium, 1st fluid for dissolution test specified in the Japanese Pharmacopeia. In the tablets of Examples 19 and 20, no residue of the sample was observed at 30 minutes in the disintegration test. It should be noted that this disintegration test (disintegration test 1) was performed under acidic condition in which disintegration proceeded more slowly than in water.
    • (Evaluation of Formulation and Results)
  • Addition of a basic substance, magnesium aluminometasilicate resulted in good disintegration similar to that in Examples 15 to 18 although the tablet weight was increased.

Claims (11)

1. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound represented by formula (I) or a salt thereof, a surfactant, and a basic substance
Figure US20210290630A1-20210923-C00004
2. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the surfactant is an anionic surfactant.
3. The composition according to claim 2, wherein the anionic surfactant is sodium lauryl sulfate.
4. The composition according to claim 1, further comprising a disintegrator.
5. The composition according to claim 1, wherein a weight ratio of the compound represented by formula (I) or a salt thereof to the surfactant ranges from 100:3 to 100:50.
6. The composition according to claim 4, wherein the disintegrator is contained in an amount of 5 wt % or more.
7. The composition according to claim 4, wherein the disintegrator is at least one substance selected from the group consisting of carmellose calcium, crospovidone, sodium starch glycolate, and croscarmellose sodium.
8. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the basic substance is at least one substance selected from the group consisting of an inorganic basic substance and an organic basic substance.
9. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the basic substance is at least one substance selected from the group consisting of magnesium aluminometasilicate, L-arginine, meglumine, magnesium oxide, magnesium hydroxide, magnesium carbonate, and sodium bicarbonate.
10. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the basic substance is contained in an amount of 5 wt % or more.
11. A tablet comprising the composition according to claim 1.
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