US20210254392A2 - Vehicle Provided with a Security System for Thermal Runaway - Google Patents
Vehicle Provided with a Security System for Thermal Runaway Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20210254392A2 US20210254392A2 US16/811,957 US202016811957A US2021254392A2 US 20210254392 A2 US20210254392 A2 US 20210254392A2 US 202016811957 A US202016811957 A US 202016811957A US 2021254392 A2 US2021254392 A2 US 2021254392A2
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- United States
- Prior art keywords
- vehicle
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- battery pack
- operating position
- Prior art date
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Links
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Images
Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
- E05F—DEVICES FOR MOVING WINGS INTO OPEN OR CLOSED POSITION; CHECKS FOR WINGS; WING FITTINGS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, CONCERNED WITH THE FUNCTIONING OF THE WING
- E05F15/00—Power-operated mechanisms for wings
- E05F15/70—Power-operated mechanisms for wings with automatic actuation
- E05F15/71—Power-operated mechanisms for wings with automatic actuation responsive to temperature changes, rain, wind or noise
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
- E05B—LOCKS; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR; HANDCUFFS
- E05B63/00—Locks or fastenings with special structural characteristics
- E05B63/0065—Operating modes; Transformable to different operating modes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
- B60L3/0023—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
- B60L3/0046—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to electric energy storage systems, e.g. batteries or capacitors
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
- B60K1/04—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
- B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
- B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
- B60L50/64—Constructional details of batteries specially adapted for electric vehicles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60R16/00—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for
- B60R16/02—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements
- B60R16/023—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements for transmission of signals between vehicle parts or subsystems
- B60R16/0231—Circuits relating to the driving or the functioning of the vehicle
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
- E05B—LOCKS; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR; HANDCUFFS
- E05B81/00—Power-actuated vehicle locks
- E05B81/54—Electrical circuits
- E05B81/64—Monitoring or sensing, e.g. by using switches or sensors
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
- E05F—DEVICES FOR MOVING WINGS INTO OPEN OR CLOSED POSITION; CHECKS FOR WINGS; WING FITTINGS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, CONCERNED WITH THE FUNCTIONING OF THE WING
- E05F1/00—Closers or openers for wings, not otherwise provided for in this subclass
- E05F1/002—Closers or openers for wings, not otherwise provided for in this subclass controlled by automatically acting means
- E05F1/004—Closers or openers for wings, not otherwise provided for in this subclass controlled by automatically acting means by thermostats, rain, wind or noise
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
- E05F—DEVICES FOR MOVING WINGS INTO OPEN OR CLOSED POSITION; CHECKS FOR WINGS; WING FITTINGS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, CONCERNED WITH THE FUNCTIONING OF THE WING
- E05F1/00—Closers or openers for wings, not otherwise provided for in this subclass
- E05F1/002—Closers or openers for wings, not otherwise provided for in this subclass controlled by automatically acting means
- E05F1/006—Closers or openers for wings, not otherwise provided for in this subclass controlled by automatically acting means by emergency conditions, e.g. fire
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
- E05F—DEVICES FOR MOVING WINGS INTO OPEN OR CLOSED POSITION; CHECKS FOR WINGS; WING FITTINGS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, CONCERNED WITH THE FUNCTIONING OF THE WING
- E05F1/00—Closers or openers for wings, not otherwise provided for in this subclass
- E05F1/08—Closers or openers for wings, not otherwise provided for in this subclass spring-actuated, e.g. for horizontally sliding wings
- E05F1/10—Closers or openers for wings, not otherwise provided for in this subclass spring-actuated, e.g. for horizontally sliding wings for swinging wings, e.g. counterbalance
- E05F1/1041—Closers or openers for wings, not otherwise provided for in this subclass spring-actuated, e.g. for horizontally sliding wings for swinging wings, e.g. counterbalance with a coil spring perpendicular to the pivot axis
- E05F1/105—Closers or openers for wings, not otherwise provided for in this subclass spring-actuated, e.g. for horizontally sliding wings for swinging wings, e.g. counterbalance with a coil spring perpendicular to the pivot axis with a compression spring
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
- E05F—DEVICES FOR MOVING WINGS INTO OPEN OR CLOSED POSITION; CHECKS FOR WINGS; WING FITTINGS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, CONCERNED WITH THE FUNCTIONING OF THE WING
- E05F1/00—Closers or openers for wings, not otherwise provided for in this subclass
- E05F1/08—Closers or openers for wings, not otherwise provided for in this subclass spring-actuated, e.g. for horizontally sliding wings
- E05F1/10—Closers or openers for wings, not otherwise provided for in this subclass spring-actuated, e.g. for horizontally sliding wings for swinging wings, e.g. counterbalance
- E05F1/1091—Closers or openers for wings, not otherwise provided for in this subclass spring-actuated, e.g. for horizontally sliding wings for swinging wings, e.g. counterbalance with a gas spring
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
- E05F—DEVICES FOR MOVING WINGS INTO OPEN OR CLOSED POSITION; CHECKS FOR WINGS; WING FITTINGS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, CONCERNED WITH THE FUNCTIONING OF THE WING
- E05F15/00—Power-operated mechanisms for wings
- E05F15/50—Power-operated mechanisms for wings using fluid-pressure actuators
- E05F15/53—Power-operated mechanisms for wings using fluid-pressure actuators for swinging wings
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- H01M2/1077—
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- H01M2/1083—
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
- H01M50/249—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders specially adapted for aircraft or vehicles, e.g. cars or trains
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
- H01M50/262—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders with fastening means, e.g. locks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
- H01M50/271—Lids or covers for the racks or secondary casings
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
- B60K1/04—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion
- B60K2001/0405—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion characterised by their position
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/24—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries
- B60L58/26—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries by cooling
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
- E05B—LOCKS; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR; HANDCUFFS
- E05B63/00—Locks or fastenings with special structural characteristics
- E05B63/0065—Operating modes; Transformable to different operating modes
- E05B2063/0082—Locking modes
- E05B2063/0091—Lock actuation dependent on temperature
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
- E05F—DEVICES FOR MOVING WINGS INTO OPEN OR CLOSED POSITION; CHECKS FOR WINGS; WING FITTINGS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, CONCERNED WITH THE FUNCTIONING OF THE WING
- E05F1/00—Closers or openers for wings, not otherwise provided for in this subclass
- E05F1/08—Closers or openers for wings, not otherwise provided for in this subclass spring-actuated, e.g. for horizontally sliding wings
- E05F1/10—Closers or openers for wings, not otherwise provided for in this subclass spring-actuated, e.g. for horizontally sliding wings for swinging wings, e.g. counterbalance
- E05F1/12—Mechanisms in the shape of hinges or pivots, operated by springs
- E05F1/1246—Mechanisms in the shape of hinges or pivots, operated by springs with a coil spring perpendicular to the pivot axis
- E05F1/1253—Mechanisms in the shape of hinges or pivots, operated by springs with a coil spring perpendicular to the pivot axis with a compression spring
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
- E05F—DEVICES FOR MOVING WINGS INTO OPEN OR CLOSED POSITION; CHECKS FOR WINGS; WING FITTINGS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, CONCERNED WITH THE FUNCTIONING OF THE WING
- E05F1/00—Closers or openers for wings, not otherwise provided for in this subclass
- E05F1/08—Closers or openers for wings, not otherwise provided for in this subclass spring-actuated, e.g. for horizontally sliding wings
- E05F1/10—Closers or openers for wings, not otherwise provided for in this subclass spring-actuated, e.g. for horizontally sliding wings for swinging wings, e.g. counterbalance
- E05F1/12—Mechanisms in the shape of hinges or pivots, operated by springs
- E05F1/1292—Mechanisms in the shape of hinges or pivots, operated by springs with a gas spring
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
- E05Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO HINGES OR OTHER SUSPENSION DEVICES FOR DOORS, WINDOWS OR WINGS AND DEVICES FOR MOVING WINGS INTO OPEN OR CLOSED POSITION, CHECKS FOR WINGS AND WING FITTINGS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, CONCERNED WITH THE FUNCTIONING OF THE WING
- E05Y2201/00—Constructional elements; Accessories therefore
- E05Y2201/20—Brakes; Disengaging means, e.g. clutches; Holders, e.g. locks; Stops; Accessories therefore
- E05Y2201/218—Holders
- E05Y2201/22—Locks
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
- E05Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO HINGES OR OTHER SUSPENSION DEVICES FOR DOORS, WINDOWS OR WINGS AND DEVICES FOR MOVING WINGS INTO OPEN OR CLOSED POSITION, CHECKS FOR WINGS AND WING FITTINGS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, CONCERNED WITH THE FUNCTIONING OF THE WING
- E05Y2201/00—Constructional elements; Accessories therefore
- E05Y2201/40—Motors; Magnets; Springs; Weights; Accessories therefore
- E05Y2201/404—Motors; Magnets; Springs; Weights; Accessories therefore characterised by the function
- E05Y2201/422—Motors; Magnets; Springs; Weights; Accessories therefore characterised by the function for opening
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
- E05Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO HINGES OR OTHER SUSPENSION DEVICES FOR DOORS, WINDOWS OR WINGS AND DEVICES FOR MOVING WINGS INTO OPEN OR CLOSED POSITION, CHECKS FOR WINGS AND WING FITTINGS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, CONCERNED WITH THE FUNCTIONING OF THE WING
- E05Y2201/00—Constructional elements; Accessories therefore
- E05Y2201/40—Motors; Magnets; Springs; Weights; Accessories therefore
- E05Y2201/47—Springs; Spring tensioners
- E05Y2201/474—Compression springs
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
- E05Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO HINGES OR OTHER SUSPENSION DEVICES FOR DOORS, WINDOWS OR WINGS AND DEVICES FOR MOVING WINGS INTO OPEN OR CLOSED POSITION, CHECKS FOR WINGS AND WING FITTINGS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, CONCERNED WITH THE FUNCTIONING OF THE WING
- E05Y2201/00—Constructional elements; Accessories therefore
- E05Y2201/40—Motors; Magnets; Springs; Weights; Accessories therefore
- E05Y2201/47—Springs; Spring tensioners
- E05Y2201/478—Gas springs
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
- E05Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO HINGES OR OTHER SUSPENSION DEVICES FOR DOORS, WINDOWS OR WINGS AND DEVICES FOR MOVING WINGS INTO OPEN OR CLOSED POSITION, CHECKS FOR WINGS AND WING FITTINGS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, CONCERNED WITH THE FUNCTIONING OF THE WING
- E05Y2400/00—Electronic control; Power supply; Power or signal transmission; User interfaces
- E05Y2400/10—Electronic control
- E05Y2400/20—Electronic control of brakes, disengaging means, holders or stops
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
- E05Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO HINGES OR OTHER SUSPENSION DEVICES FOR DOORS, WINDOWS OR WINGS AND DEVICES FOR MOVING WINGS INTO OPEN OR CLOSED POSITION, CHECKS FOR WINGS AND WING FITTINGS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, CONCERNED WITH THE FUNCTIONING OF THE WING
- E05Y2400/00—Electronic control; Power supply; Power or signal transmission; User interfaces
- E05Y2400/10—Electronic control
- E05Y2400/52—Safety arrangements
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
- E05Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO HINGES OR OTHER SUSPENSION DEVICES FOR DOORS, WINDOWS OR WINGS AND DEVICES FOR MOVING WINGS INTO OPEN OR CLOSED POSITION, CHECKS FOR WINGS AND WING FITTINGS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, CONCERNED WITH THE FUNCTIONING OF THE WING
- E05Y2800/00—Details, accessories and auxiliary operations not otherwise provided for
- E05Y2800/40—Protection
- E05Y2800/414—Protection against high or low temperatures
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
- E05Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO HINGES OR OTHER SUSPENSION DEVICES FOR DOORS, WINDOWS OR WINGS AND DEVICES FOR MOVING WINGS INTO OPEN OR CLOSED POSITION, CHECKS FOR WINGS AND WING FITTINGS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, CONCERNED WITH THE FUNCTIONING OF THE WING
- E05Y2900/00—Application of doors, windows, wings or fittings thereof
- E05Y2900/50—Application of doors, windows, wings or fittings thereof for vehicles
- E05Y2900/506—Application of doors, windows, wings or fittings thereof for vehicles for buses
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
- E05Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO HINGES OR OTHER SUSPENSION DEVICES FOR DOORS, WINDOWS OR WINGS AND DEVICES FOR MOVING WINGS INTO OPEN OR CLOSED POSITION, CHECKS FOR WINGS AND WING FITTINGS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, CONCERNED WITH THE FUNCTIONING OF THE WING
- E05Y2900/00—Application of doors, windows, wings or fittings thereof
- E05Y2900/50—Application of doors, windows, wings or fittings thereof for vehicles
- E05Y2900/51—Application of doors, windows, wings or fittings thereof for vehicles for railway cars or mass transit vehicles
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
- H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
- Y02T90/16—Information or communication technologies improving the operation of electric vehicles
Definitions
- the invention relates to a vehicle equipped with electrochemical energy storage systems (electric batteries), which can be subjected to thermal runway phenomena, in particular to an electric vehicle for public transportation, which is provided with said batteries housed in a suitable compartment and is provided with a security system to counter the thermal runway phenomenon.
- electrochemical energy storage systems electric batteries
- terrestrial or marine vehicles can comprise battery packs configured to supply a sufficient amount of power needed for the drive of the vehicle and for the operation of other auxiliary comfort devices, such as the air conditioning system, and functional devices, such as screens to display information that can be useful for the passengers.
- auxiliary comfort devices such as the air conditioning system
- functional devices such as screens to display information that can be useful for the passengers.
- the electric batteries used in these vehicles are electrochemical storage devices, which, during use, while they are being charged and as the charge depletes, tend to heat up.
- thermo runaway it is possible for the inner heating of the cells to reach levels that are such as to generate a phenomenon known as “thermal runaway”, in which the temperature triggers exothermic reactions, which further increase the temperature, thus leading to possible disastrous consequences, such as explosions or fires.
- the battery pack needs to be quickly cooled down in order to prevent this condition from spreading to the other adjacent batteries and in order to avoid damages that are potentially lethal for the passengers of the vehicle.
- This cooling operation which requires large quantities of water or a mixture thereof with a fire extinguishing liquid, is normally carried out by having rescuers open the doors of the compartments housing the batteries and spray the fire extinguishing mixture.
- this operation is long and dangerous.
- security systems are needed, which are capable of precisely identifying the triggering of a thermal runway phenomenon in a battery pack of a vehicle and, as a consequence, allow operators to promptly and safely act so as to de-energize it through the removal of heat.
- the object of the invention is to fulfil the needs discussed above.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an electric bus provided with a security system according to the invention
- FIG. 2A is a schematic perspective view showing a first embodiment of the security system according to the invention.
- FIG. 2B is a schematic side view showing a first embodiment of the security system according to the invention.
- FIG. 3 is an electrical diagram of an example of an electric circuit to control the security system according to the embodiment of FIGS. 2A-2B ;
- FIG. 4A is a schematic perspective view showing a second embodiment of the security system according to the invention.
- FIG. 4B is a schematic side view showing a second embodiment of the security system according to the invention.
- FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing an embodiment of pneumatic means to control the security system according to the embodiment of FIGS. 4A-4B .
- FIG. 1 shows a vehicle 1 provided with a plurality of walls 2 defining an inner volume 3 designed for the transportation of passengers and/or goods and comprising a plurality of electric batteries 4 , namely known electrochemical storage batteries.
- the vehicle 1 is an electric vehicle and comprises a plurality of battery pack 4 electrically connected to an electric drive system 5 carried by the vehicle 1 .
- the battery packs 4 are housed in respective seats 6 obtained in a wall 2 defining the roof of the vehicle 1 .
- each seat 6 comprises a lid 7 defining, relative to the roof wall 2 , a volume 8 housing, on the inside, at least one battery pack 4 , which is separated from the surrounding environment so as to avoid water and/or dust contamination, sun radiations and accidental hits.
- the lid 7 comprises covers 9 , preferably one cover 9 for each battery pack 4 , configured to allow the volume 8 to selectively communicate with the outside.
- each cover 9 is carried by the lid 7 in a movable manner so as to assume a closed position, in which the volume 8 is separated from the outside, and an open position, in which the volume 8 communicates with the outside.
- Each cover preferably comprises isolation means (not shown), which are configured to prevent contaminating agents, such as dust or water, from reaching the inside of the volume 8 , when each cover 9 is in the closed position.
- the covers 9 are hinged relative to the lid 7 and have a shape that is such that, when they are closed, they are integrated in the lid 7 .
- the covers 9 comprise an inner end, which is hinged to the lid 7 by means of a hinge 11 , which is configured to allow the inner end to rotate around an axis A, which is parallel to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle.
- the vehicle 1 comprises security means 13 , which are configured to allow the covers 9 to be immediately opened when a threshold temperature of the battery pack 4 and/or on the inside of the volume 8 exceeds a pre-set threshold, which can be defined based on the electrochemical features of the battery.
- the security means 13 comprise opening means 14 for the covers 9 , which are operated based on a temperature condition of the battery pack 4 and/or on the inside of the volume 8 , which is identified by suitable thermosensitive devices 15 .
- This temperature is a function of the specific thermal-chemical system of the battery pack 4 and can preferably range from 120 to 180°.
- the opening means 14 comprise elastic means 16 , for example a helical spring, which are interposed between the cover 9 and one between the lid 7 and/or the roof 2 and are configured to constantly exert a force upon the cover 9 so as to enable the opening thereof, and an electric lock 17 , which is configured to keep the cover 9 closed according to a configured electronic logic.
- the thermosensitive devices 15 can comprise a switch, which can be switched as a function of a threshold temperature, which can be defined during the designing phase, for example 160°, in order to allow the electric lock 17 to be opened.
- FIG. 4 shows an electric diagram for the control of the electric lock 17 according to a possible embodiment.
- the electric lock 17 which is of a known type, is connected to a management module 18 for the management thereof and to a button 19 , which is configured to allow the cover 9 to be opened when it is manually operated.
- the management module 18 orders the opening of the electric lock 17 .
- the thermosensitive devices 15 comprise a thermal fuse 20 , which is arranged in parallel to the button 19 and is in a normally open configuration. If the temperature exceeds a pre-set threshold, the thermal fuse 20 switches to an open condition and the management module 18 orders the opening of the electric lock 17 .
- the management module 18 can advantageously be the management module of the battery pack system (BMS Battery Management System) or the electronic control unit of the vehicle (ECU).
- the electric lock 17 keeps the covers 9 in a closed position or the user, by pressing the button 19 , releases the electric lock 17 and the elastic means 16 can cause the covers 9 to rotate around the hinge 11 , thus allowing them to move to the open position, in which the volume 8 communicates with the outside.
- the thermal fuse 20 In an emergency condition, the thermal fuse 20 , once the pre-set temperature threshold is reached, switches, releasing the electric lock 17 so that the elastic means 16 move the covers 9 from the closed position to the open position, thus allowing an immediate cooling, thanks to the exchange of air with the outside, and, especially, allowing immediate access to rescuers with a fire extinguishing liquid suitable for the situation.
- the opening means 14 comprise pneumatic means 22 , which are interposed between the cover 9 and one between the lid 7 and/or the roof 2 and are configured to exert, when they are operated, a force upon the cover 9 so as to enable the opening thereof, and a thermal fuse module 23 , which operates the pneumatic means 22 as a function of a threshold temperature, for example 140°.
- the pneumatic means 22 can advantageously comprise a solenoid valve 24 , which is fluidically connected to a source of pressurised fluid, for example air, of the vehicle 1 and are controlled by a management module (not shown) to open or close the cover 9 when the user needs it.
- the management module can be the management module of the battery pack system (BMS Battery Management System) or the electronic control unit of the vehicle (ECU).
- FIG. 5 shows the pneumatic means 22 according to a possible embodiment thereof.
- a cylinder-type device 25 is fluidically operated by the solenoid valve 24 , which, as mentioned above, is connected to a fluid source of the vehicle.
- the thermal fuse module 23 is fluidically connected to the solenoid valve 24 so as to allow the cylinder 25 to be operated and, at the same time, provide a sufficient source of fluid to supply said activation.
- the thermal fuse module 23 can comprise a pressurised air vial, which, at a pre-set temperature, brakes, thus opening the solenoid valve 24 and providing, at the same time, a source of fluid to supply the activation of the cylinder 25 .
- the vial ensures the presence of compressed air even in case of absence or fault of the pneumatic system with which some types of vehicles, for instance buses, are provided.
- the invention further relates to a method to control the covers 9 of the compartment 6 of a vehicle of the type described above, said method basically comprising the steps of:
- thermosensitive devices 15 identifying a threshold temperature in the volume 8 and/or in the battery pack 4 through thermosensitive devices 15 ;
- controlling the opening means 14 are controlled so as to allow the covers 9 to automatically move from the first to the second operating condition.
- the covers 9 can be automatically opened based on a pre-set security temperature, thus allowing users to promptly lower the temperature of the battery pack.
- electric-mechanical means 13 of the type described in the first embodiment allows the control of said temperature to be carried out in an economic fashion and to be integrated in the already existing battery/vehicle management system module.
- pneumatic security modules 13 exploits a pressurised fluid source already existing in the vehicle, without having to use electronic elements, which could be subjected to damages in case of high temperatures, thus jeopardizing the correct operation thereof.
- the two embodiments described herein are mere examples of different equivalent electric-mechanical or pneumatic systems for controlling the opening of the covers 9 .
- the security means 13 could be of any type, provided that they can carry out the steps of the aforesaid method.
- control circuit of the electric lock 17 or the elements present in it, such as the button 19 could be different or absent.
- the cylinder system 25 or the solenoid vale 24 or the thermal fuse module 23 could be obtained by means of equivalent devices.
Abstract
Description
- This Patent Application claims priority from Italian Patent Application No. 102019000003499 filed on Mar. 11, 2019, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.
- Not Applicable
- The invention relates to a vehicle equipped with electrochemical energy storage systems (electric batteries), which can be subjected to thermal runway phenomena, in particular to an electric vehicle for public transportation, which is provided with said batteries housed in a suitable compartment and is provided with a security system to counter the thermal runway phenomenon.
- As it is known, terrestrial or marine vehicles can comprise battery packs configured to supply a sufficient amount of power needed for the drive of the vehicle and for the operation of other auxiliary comfort devices, such as the air conditioning system, and functional devices, such as screens to display information that can be useful for the passengers.
- As it is known, the electric batteries used in these vehicles are electrochemical storage devices, which, during use, while they are being charged and as the charge depletes, tend to heat up.
- It is possible for the inner heating of the cells to reach levels that are such as to generate a phenomenon known as “thermal runaway”, in which the temperature triggers exothermic reactions, which further increase the temperature, thus leading to possible disastrous consequences, such as explosions or fires.
- In these cases, the battery pack needs to be quickly cooled down in order to prevent this condition from spreading to the other adjacent batteries and in order to avoid damages that are potentially lethal for the passengers of the vehicle.
- This cooling operation, which requires large quantities of water or a mixture thereof with a fire extinguishing liquid, is normally carried out by having rescuers open the doors of the compartments housing the batteries and spray the fire extinguishing mixture. However, this operation is long and dangerous.
- Therefore, security systems are needed, which are capable of precisely identifying the triggering of a thermal runway phenomenon in a battery pack of a vehicle and, as a consequence, allow operators to promptly and safely act so as to de-energize it through the removal of heat.
- The object of the invention is to fulfil the needs discussed above.
- The aforesaid object is reached by a vehicle provided with a security system according to the appended claims.
- The invention will be best understood upon perusal of the following detailed description of a preferred embodiment, which is provided by way of non-limiting example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:
-
FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an electric bus provided with a security system according to the invention; -
FIG. 2A is a schematic perspective view showing a first embodiment of the security system according to the invention; -
FIG. 2B is a schematic side view showing a first embodiment of the security system according to the invention; -
FIG. 3 is an electrical diagram of an example of an electric circuit to control the security system according to the embodiment ofFIGS. 2A-2B ; -
FIG. 4A is a schematic perspective view showing a second embodiment of the security system according to the invention; -
FIG. 4B is a schematic side view showing a second embodiment of the security system according to the invention; and -
FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing an embodiment of pneumatic means to control the security system according to the embodiment ofFIGS. 4A-4B . -
FIG. 1 shows a vehicle 1 provided with a plurality ofwalls 2 defining an inner volume 3 designed for the transportation of passengers and/or goods and comprising a plurality of electric batteries 4, namely known electrochemical storage batteries. - In the example described herein, reference is made to a vehicle for the public transportation of people, such as a bus; however, the invention can be applied to other types of terrestrial vehicles, such as trucks, or marine vehicles, such as boats.
- Hence, in the case described herein, the vehicle 1 is an electric vehicle and comprises a plurality of battery pack 4 electrically connected to an
electric drive system 5 carried by the vehicle 1. As it is known, the battery packs 4 are housed inrespective seats 6 obtained in awall 2 defining the roof of the vehicle 1. - In particular, with reference to
FIGS. 2A and 4A , eachseat 6 comprises a lid 7 defining, relative to theroof wall 2, avolume 8 housing, on the inside, at least one battery pack 4, which is separated from the surrounding environment so as to avoid water and/or dust contamination, sun radiations and accidental hits. - The lid 7 comprises covers 9, preferably one
cover 9 for each battery pack 4, configured to allow thevolume 8 to selectively communicate with the outside. As a consequence, eachcover 9 is carried by the lid 7 in a movable manner so as to assume a closed position, in which thevolume 8 is separated from the outside, and an open position, in which thevolume 8 communicates with the outside. - Each cover preferably comprises isolation means (not shown), which are configured to prevent contaminating agents, such as dust or water, from reaching the inside of the
volume 8, when eachcover 9 is in the closed position. - In the embodiment described herein, the
covers 9 are hinged relative to the lid 7 and have a shape that is such that, when they are closed, they are integrated in the lid 7. - In particular, with reference to
FIGS. 2B, 4B , thecovers 9 comprise an inner end, which is hinged to the lid 7 by means of ahinge 11, which is configured to allow the inner end to rotate around an axis A, which is parallel to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle. - According to the invention, between each
cover 9 and thelid 11 the vehicle 1 comprises security means 13, which are configured to allow thecovers 9 to be immediately opened when a threshold temperature of the battery pack 4 and/or on the inside of thevolume 8 exceeds a pre-set threshold, which can be defined based on the electrochemical features of the battery. In particular, the security means 13 comprise opening means 14 for thecovers 9, which are operated based on a temperature condition of the battery pack 4 and/or on the inside of thevolume 8, which is identified by suitablethermosensitive devices 15. This temperature is a function of the specific thermal-chemical system of the battery pack 4 and can preferably range from 120 to 180°. - According to a first embodiment, which is shown in
FIGS. 2A-2B , the opening means 14 compriseelastic means 16, for example a helical spring, which are interposed between thecover 9 and one between the lid 7 and/or theroof 2 and are configured to constantly exert a force upon thecover 9 so as to enable the opening thereof, and anelectric lock 17, which is configured to keep thecover 9 closed according to a configured electronic logic. Thethermosensitive devices 15 can comprise a switch, which can be switched as a function of a threshold temperature, which can be defined during the designing phase, for example 160°, in order to allow theelectric lock 17 to be opened. -
FIG. 4 shows an electric diagram for the control of theelectric lock 17 according to a possible embodiment. Theelectric lock 17, which is of a known type, is connected to amanagement module 18 for the management thereof and to abutton 19, which is configured to allow thecover 9 to be opened when it is manually operated. - According to the circuit example shown in the figure, when the button is pressed, the
management module 18 orders the opening of theelectric lock 17. In the example described herein, thethermosensitive devices 15 comprise athermal fuse 20, which is arranged in parallel to thebutton 19 and is in a normally open configuration. If the temperature exceeds a pre-set threshold, thethermal fuse 20 switches to an open condition and themanagement module 18 orders the opening of theelectric lock 17. - The
management module 18 can advantageously be the management module of the battery pack system (BMS Battery Management System) or the electronic control unit of the vehicle (ECU). - The embodiment described above works as follows.
- In a standard use condition, the
electric lock 17 keeps thecovers 9 in a closed position or the user, by pressing thebutton 19, releases theelectric lock 17 and theelastic means 16 can cause thecovers 9 to rotate around thehinge 11, thus allowing them to move to the open position, in which thevolume 8 communicates with the outside. - In an emergency condition, the
thermal fuse 20, once the pre-set temperature threshold is reached, switches, releasing theelectric lock 17 so that the elastic means 16 move thecovers 9 from the closed position to the open position, thus allowing an immediate cooling, thanks to the exchange of air with the outside, and, especially, allowing immediate access to rescuers with a fire extinguishing liquid suitable for the situation. - According to a second embodiment, which is shown in
FIGS. 4A-4B , the opening means 14 comprise pneumatic means 22, which are interposed between thecover 9 and one between the lid 7 and/or theroof 2 and are configured to exert, when they are operated, a force upon thecover 9 so as to enable the opening thereof, and a thermal fuse module 23, which operates the pneumatic means 22 as a function of a threshold temperature, for example 140°. - The pneumatic means 22 can advantageously comprise a solenoid valve 24, which is fluidically connected to a source of pressurised fluid, for example air, of the vehicle 1 and are controlled by a management module (not shown) to open or close the
cover 9 when the user needs it. Again, the management module can be the management module of the battery pack system (BMS Battery Management System) or the electronic control unit of the vehicle (ECU). -
FIG. 5 shows the pneumatic means 22 according to a possible embodiment thereof. A cylinder-type device 25 is fluidically operated by the solenoid valve 24, which, as mentioned above, is connected to a fluid source of the vehicle. The thermal fuse module 23 is fluidically connected to the solenoid valve 24 so as to allow the cylinder 25 to be operated and, at the same time, provide a sufficient source of fluid to supply said activation. - In particular, the thermal fuse module 23 can comprise a pressurised air vial, which, at a pre-set temperature, brakes, thus opening the solenoid valve 24 and providing, at the same time, a source of fluid to supply the activation of the cylinder 25. Indeed, the vial ensures the presence of compressed air even in case of absence or fault of the pneumatic system with which some types of vehicles, for instance buses, are provided.
- The invention further relates to a method to control the
covers 9 of thecompartment 6 of a vehicle of the type described above, said method basically comprising the steps of: - identifying a threshold temperature in the
volume 8 and/or in the battery pack 4 throughthermosensitive devices 15; - if said temperature is smaller than a pre-set threshold value, controlling the opening means 14 so as to prevent the
covers 9 from automatically moving from the first to the second operating condition; - in the opposite case, controlling the opening means 14 are controlled so as to allow the
covers 9 to automatically move from the first to the second operating condition. - Owing to the above, the advantages of a vehicle 1 provided with a
security system 13 for thermal runway phenomena according to the invention are evident. - In particular, thanks to the security means 13, the
covers 9 can be automatically opened based on a pre-set security temperature, thus allowing users to promptly lower the temperature of the battery pack. - The use of electric-
mechanical means 13 of the type described in the first embodiment allows the control of said temperature to be carried out in an economic fashion and to be integrated in the already existing battery/vehicle management system module. - The use of
pneumatic security modules 13 exploits a pressurised fluid source already existing in the vehicle, without having to use electronic elements, which could be subjected to damages in case of high temperatures, thus jeopardizing the correct operation thereof. - Finally, the vehicle 1 provided with a
security system 13 for thermal runway phenomena according to the invention can be subjected to changes and variants, which, though, do not go beyond the scope of protection set forth in the appended claims. - For example, the two embodiments described herein are mere examples of different equivalent electric-mechanical or pneumatic systems for controlling the opening of the
covers 9. - Indeed, it is clear that, through the cover control method claimed herein, the security means 13 could be of any type, provided that they can carry out the steps of the aforesaid method.
- In particular the control circuit of the
electric lock 17 or the elements present in it, such as thebutton 19, could be different or absent. - Furthermore, the cylinder system 25 or the solenoid vale 24 or the thermal fuse module 23 could be obtained by means of equivalent devices.
Claims (10)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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IT102019000003499A IT201900003499A1 (en) | 2019-03-11 | 2019-03-11 | VEHICLE EQUIPPED WITH SAFETY SYSTEM FOR THERMAL RUNAWAY |
IT102019000003499 | 2019-03-11 |
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US20200291712A1 US20200291712A1 (en) | 2020-09-17 |
US20210254392A2 true US20210254392A2 (en) | 2021-08-19 |
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US16/811,957 Active 2043-02-02 US11946287B2 (en) | 2019-03-11 | 2020-03-06 | Vehicle provided with a security system for thermal runaway |
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EP (1) | EP3708754B1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2951024T3 (en) |
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US10752102B2 (en) * | 2018-03-22 | 2020-08-25 | John B. Lampsa | Trailer mounted battery range extender for electric truck tractor |
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EP0314201B1 (en) * | 1986-11-25 | 1993-01-07 | Colt International Limited | Improvements relating to ventilators |
GB2260793A (en) * | 1991-10-23 | 1993-04-28 | Colt Int Licensing | Apparatus for braking a member, particularly an opening ventilator flap biased to one of two positions |
JP2001310733A (en) * | 2000-04-28 | 2001-11-06 | Fuji Heavy Ind Ltd | Automatically operative vehicle |
DE102017009416A1 (en) * | 2017-05-17 | 2018-11-22 | Gentherm Gmbh | Temperature management device for vehicle batteries |
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2020
- 2020-03-06 US US16/811,957 patent/US11946287B2/en active Active
- 2020-03-10 ES ES20162231T patent/ES2951024T3/en active Active
- 2020-03-10 EP EP20162231.3A patent/EP3708754B1/en active Active
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US8511237B2 (en) * | 2007-07-19 | 2013-08-20 | Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. | Guideway electric vehicle mounted with batteries |
US8277965B2 (en) * | 2009-04-22 | 2012-10-02 | Tesla Motors, Inc. | Battery pack enclosure with controlled thermal runaway release system |
GB2537859A (en) * | 2015-04-28 | 2016-11-02 | Tanktwo Oy | Electric vehicle battery safety |
US10998587B2 (en) * | 2015-06-30 | 2021-05-04 | Proterra Inc. | Battery system cooling |
CN107512179A (en) * | 2016-06-15 | 2017-12-26 | 北京科易动力科技有限公司 | A kind of electrokinetic cell system and the control method for the system |
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Also Published As
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US20200291712A1 (en) | 2020-09-17 |
EP3708754A1 (en) | 2020-09-16 |
ES2951024T3 (en) | 2023-10-17 |
EP3708754B1 (en) | 2023-05-31 |
US11946287B2 (en) | 2024-04-02 |
IT201900003499A1 (en) | 2020-09-11 |
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