US20210222541A1 - Method and system for determining core orientation - Google Patents

Method and system for determining core orientation Download PDF

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Publication number
US20210222541A1
US20210222541A1 US16/473,126 US201716473126A US2021222541A1 US 20210222541 A1 US20210222541 A1 US 20210222541A1 US 201716473126 A US201716473126 A US 201716473126A US 2021222541 A1 US2021222541 A1 US 2021222541A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
data
drill
rig
core
dat
Prior art date
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Abandoned
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US16/473,126
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English (en)
Inventor
Jonathan Craig Tapson
Kelvin Brown
Gurtej Singh JABBAL
Gavin Thomas McLeod
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Reflex Instruments Asia Pacific Pty Ltd
Imdex Global BV
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Reflex Instruments Asia Pacific Pty Ltd
Imdex Global BV
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Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from AU2016905363A external-priority patent/AU2016905363A0/en
Application filed by Reflex Instruments Asia Pacific Pty Ltd, Imdex Global BV filed Critical Reflex Instruments Asia Pacific Pty Ltd
Assigned to Reflex Instruments Asia Pacific Pty Ltd reassignment Reflex Instruments Asia Pacific Pty Ltd ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: IMDEX GLOBAL BV
Assigned to IMDEX GLOBAL B.V. reassignment IMDEX GLOBAL B.V. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: BROWN, KELVIN, JABBAL, Gurtej Singh, Tapson, Jonathan, MCLEOD, GAVIN THOMAS
Publication of US20210222541A1 publication Critical patent/US20210222541A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B25/00—Apparatus for obtaining or removing undisturbed cores, e.g. core barrels or core extractors
    • E21B25/16—Apparatus for obtaining or removing undisturbed cores, e.g. core barrels or core extractors for obtaining oriented cores
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
    • E21B47/02—Determining slope or direction
    • E21B47/024—Determining slope or direction of devices in the borehole
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B25/00—Apparatus for obtaining or removing undisturbed cores, e.g. core barrels or core extractors
    • E21B25/02—Apparatus for obtaining or removing undisturbed cores, e.g. core barrels or core extractors the core receiver being insertable into, or removable from, the borehole without withdrawing the drilling pipe
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B44/00—Automatic control systems specially adapted for drilling operations, i.e. self-operating systems which function to carry out or modify a drilling operation without intervention of a human operator, e.g. computer-controlled drilling systems; Systems specially adapted for monitoring a plurality of drilling variables or conditions
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
    • E21B47/02—Determining slope or direction
    • E21B47/026—Determining slope or direction of penetrated ground layers
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
    • E21B7/04—Directional drilling
    • E21B7/06—Deflecting the direction of boreholes

Definitions

  • a method and system are disclosed for determining core orientation of a core sample cut from the ground by a drill.
  • Core orientation is a well-developed art which is used to enable determination of the in situ orientation of a core sample. This is used by a geologist or other professionals to enable mapping of underground strata.
  • Some basic mechanical core orientation systems rely on a mechanical downhole event such as the core drill contacting a toe of the hole to physically mark one end of the core sample with a bottom of hole or top of hole marking.
  • Some electronic and electro-mechanical core orientation systems rely on a real time detection of an event which is believed to be indicative of a core breaking operation to trigger measurement and recording or transmission of core orientation data.
  • a drill rig having a drill string and a core drill bit coupled to a downhole end of the drill string, the method comprising:
  • acquiring the drilling data comprises acquiring the drilling data at least for a period which includes a continuous period from commencement of operation of the drill rig to cut the core sample to any event occurring after commencement of operating the drill rig to break the core sample from in situ strata.
  • the event is applying pull-up to the drill string to affect the breaking of the core sample from in situ strata.
  • the event is additionally or alternatively retrieval of the core sample through the drill string.
  • the event is additionally or alternatively extraction of the core sample from the drill string.
  • acquiring the drilling data includes acquiring, during the operation of the drill rig to break the core sample, rig operational data relating to relative rotational motion between the core sample and an inner core tube supported by the drill string and into which the core sample advances during drilling.
  • method comprises compensating the core orientation acquired upon the occurrence of the specific pattern to account for the relative rotational motion and using the compensated core orientation as the core orientation of the core sample cut by the drill rig.
  • the core orientation data includes dip and azimuth of a known reference datum on or transferable to the core sample.
  • the rig operational data comprises any one, or any combination of any two or more, of: rotational speed of the drill, displacement of the drill in an up hole direction; displacement of the drill in a down hole direction; ambient fluid pressure; the existence of fluid flow in the drill string; rate of fluid flow into the bore hole; vibration in the drill string; mechanical shock; rate of penetration, hole depth; number of drill pipe joints passed when the DAT is transported down the drill string or retrieved from the drill string or both; latent torque in the drill string; weight on bit; torque on bit.
  • the specific pattern of drilling parameter data comprises data indicative of: (a) cessation of rotation of the drill string; and subsequently: (b) application of pull-up to the drill string.
  • the specific pattern of rig operational data comprises, subsequent to the occurrence of the application of pull-up, data indicative of (c) vibration arising from impact of an overshot with a head assembly of an inner core barrel assembly containing the core sample cut by the drill rig.
  • the method comprises storing the acquired downhole data on a memory device which is disposed near the drill bit while the drill rig is in operation cutting the core sample.
  • core orientation data and near bit rig data are electronically communicated to an at surface electronic device or system either (a) while the drill rig is in operation cutting the core sample; or (b) while the core sample is within the drill string; or (c) at the surface after retrieval of the core sample.
  • analysing the drilling data occurs: while the drill rig is in operation cutting the core sample; or, while the core sample is within the drill string; or after retrieval of the core sample.
  • the method comprises transporting a data acquisition tool (DAT) provided with one or more sensors, devices and systems capable of acquiring the core orientation data and the near bit rig data through the drill string toward the drill bit.
  • DAT data acquisition tool
  • the method comprises continuously acquiring the core orientation data and rig operational data at a known sample rate.
  • the at surface rig data comprises weight on bit.
  • the method comprises determining the core orientation involves using one or more of the acquired core orientation data.
  • determining the core orientation involves obtaining an average of a plurality of the acquired core orientation data.
  • the method comprises determining the core orientation data involves using one or more of the core orientation data acquired within a user selectable time period.
  • the user selectable time period comprises a period of time: (a) before the core sample is broken away from the ground; (b) after the core sample has been broken away from the ground; or (c) before and after the core sample has been broken away from the ground.
  • a system for determining core orientation of a core sample cut from the ground by a drill rig having a drill string and a drill bit coupled to a downhole end of the drill string comprising:
  • DAT data acquisition tool
  • a near bit rig data acquisition system and, (b) at the surface rig data acquisition system, both arranged to continuously acquire associated data while the drill rig is operating to acquire the core sample.
  • the near bit rig data acquisition system is provided in the DAT.
  • the system comprises a DAT tripping system capable of transporting the DAT through the drill string toward a toe of a hole drilled by the drill rig and subsequently retrieving the DAT from the drill string.
  • the system comprises a releasable locking system arranged to: lock the DAT to the drill string at a location near the drill bit when the tripping system transports the DAT to the location; and release the DAT to enable the tripping system to retrieve the DAT from the location.
  • the system comprises one or more core orientation sensors arranged to enable the DAT to acquire one or any two or more of: dip, azimuth, gravitational top or bottom of borehole, Magnetic Tool face or True North measurements of a known reference datum on or transferable to the core sample.
  • the DAT comprises one or more near bit rig parameter sensors arranged to enable the DAT to acquire one, or any combination of any two or more, of the following drilling parameter data: rotational speed of the drill, differential rotation between the drill string and the inner core barrel assembly, displacement of the drill in an up hole direction; displacement of the drill in a down hole direction; ambient fluid pressure; the existence of fluid flow through the drill string; rate of fluid flow into the bore hole; vibration; mechanical shock; rate of penetration, hole depth;
  • the DAT comprises an on-board memory to enable on-board storage of the downhole data.
  • the DAT comprises a processor capable of processing the downhole data to produce processed downhole data.
  • the system comprises a telemetry system arranged to enable the DAT to communicate the downhole data in real time to an electronic device located at the surface.
  • system comprises a telemetry system arranged to enable the DAT to communicate the processed drilling data to an electronic device located at the surface.
  • system comprises an inner core barrel assembly wherein the DAT is coupled to or housed within the inner core barrel assembly.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of a drill rig in relation to which embodiments of the disclosed method and system may be used;
  • FIG. 2 b is a longitudinal section view of the inner core barrel assembly of FIG. 2 a and showing possible locations of an embodiment of the disclosed system;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic representation of the drill rig shown in FIG. 1 incorporating an embodiment of the disclosed method and system for determining core orientation of a core sample;
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic representation of drilling obtained by data use of embodiments of the disclosed method and system and how the acquired data may be used to determine core orientation.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of a drill rig 10 for acquiring core samples 12 of the ground 14 .
  • the drill rig 10 comprises a drill string typically made from a number of drill pipes 18 connected end to end.
  • a drill bit 20 (known as a diamond drill bit or core drill bit) is coupled to the end of the drill string 16 to cut the core samples 12 .
  • the drill bit 20 is coupled at a downhole end of an outer core barrel assembly 22 .
  • the outer core barrel assembly 22 is supported at the downhole end of the drill string 16 .
  • An inner core barrel assembly 24 is releasably latched inside of the outer core barrel assembly 22 and is used to retain and carry a core sample 12 to the ground surface 26 .
  • the inner core barrel assembly 24 is tripped through the drill string 16 by a wire line and associated overshot (not shown).
  • the overshot is configured to engage a spear point 28 at an up hole end of the inner core barrel assembly 24 .
  • FIGS. 2 a and 2 b generally depict one possible structure of an inner core barrel assembly 24 that may be used in association with the disclosed method and system of acquiring core orientation of a core sample 12 .
  • the inner core barrel assembly 24 comprises a head assembly 30 and an inner core tube 32 .
  • the spear point 28 is attached to an up hole end of the head assembly 30 .
  • the core tube 32 is attached to a downhole end of the head assembly 30 .
  • the core tube 32 includes a core lifter assembly 34 which is used to grip the core sample 12 during a core breaking operation and retain the core sample within the inner core barrel assembly 24 when being retrieved from the drill string 16 .
  • the DAT includes at the very least a device or system 52 which continuously acquires core orientation data (hereinafter referred to as the “Core Orientation Data System 52 ” or more simply “CODS 52 ”).
  • the CODS 52 is retained in one of the payload spaces 36 , 38 of the inner core barrel assembly 24 .
  • the CODS 52 acquires core orientation data Cn. The nature of this data is discussed later in this specification.
  • the system 50 in addition to the CODS 52 C acquires rig operation data.
  • the rig operational data includes either one or both of: (a) a near bit rig data acquisition system 54 N and (b) an at surface rig data acquisition system 56 S.
  • the near bit rig data acquisition system 54 N acquires data Nn relating to the operation of the drill rig 10 measured at or near the drill bit 20 .
  • the at surface rig data acquisition system 56 S acquires data Sn relating to the operation of the drill rig 10 at the surface.
  • the near bit rig data acquisition system 54 N may be incorporated in the DAT so that the DAT comprises the combination of both the CODS 50 C and the near bit rig data acquisition system 54 N.
  • the near bit rig data acquisition system 54 N can be a physically separate device or system to the CODS 50 C but nonetheless housed in one of the payload spaces 36 and 38 . In this event the near bit rig data acquisition system 54 N can be located in the same or different payload space as the CODS 52 C.
  • the at surface rig data acquisition system 56 S may be incorporated as part of the drill rig 10 , or alternately formed as a separate device or system that is connected with the drill rig 10 either by physical connection or via a telemetry system.
  • the system 50 comprises the CODS 52 C and the near bit rig data acquisition system 54 N with an analysis of the data for a specific pattern of rig operational data indicative of the core sample being broken from ground being also performed down the hole.
  • the CODS 52 C and the near bit rig data acquisition system 54 N are integrated into a single downhole DAT which includes a processor for analysing the data for the specific pattern of data indicative of the core sample being broken from the ground.
  • the systems 52 C and 54 N are separate from each other either one may incorporate the processor to enable the data analysis.
  • the systems 52 C, 54 N without the processor is arranged to communicate data to the system with the processor so that the analysis can be conducted in relation to all the data acquired by the systems 52 C and 54 N.
  • the system 50 comprises the system 52 C which acquires core orientation data down the hole and the system 56 S which acquires drill rig 10 data at the surface.
  • analysis of the data is conducted down the hole by the system 52 C. This requires communication of the at surface rig data Sn to the CODS 52 C.
  • the system 50 comprises all three data acquisition systems 52 C, 54 N and 56 S with analysis of the corresponding data Cn, Nn and Sn being conducted down the hole in the same manner as discussed above in relation to embodiment 50 i.
  • the system 50 comprises all three data acquisition systems 52 C, 54 N and 56 S but with analysis of the corresponding data Cn, Nn and Sn been performed by an at surface data analysis device/system 58 A.
  • the systems 52 C, 54 N and 56 S communicate their data Cn, Nn and Sn respectively to the system 58 A.
  • core orientation is intended to denote the three-dimensional orientation of a core of strata being cut by a core drill while the core in situ prior to being broken away from parent strata.
  • core orientation data is intended to be a reference to data or data sets which quantify the core orientation.
  • the core orientation data Cn may include but is not limited to:
  • the Near Bit Rig Data System 52 N acquires Near Bit Rig Data N 1 , N 2 , . . . (referred to herein in general as near bit rig data Nn).
  • the data Nn may include but is not limited to any one or any combination of two or more of the follow data which are acquired at a physical location near to the bit 20 :
  • the at surface rig data system 56 S acquires data S 1 , S 2 , (referred to herein in general as at surface data Sn) relating to the operation of the drill rig 10 measured at the surface.
  • data S 1 , S 2 (referred to herein in general as at surface data Sn) relating to the operation of the drill rig 10 measured at the surface.
  • the system 56 S can be built into or otherwise incorporated into the drill rig 10 to measure various operational of the drill 10 when operated to obtain a core sample 12 .
  • At surface rig data S 1 -S 6 mentioned above may be also be acquired as near bit rig data Nn.
  • data for the same characteristic that can be acquired from both at the surface and near the bit may not be the same. This may be due to non-identical sensors at different location which could be hundreds or thousands of meters apart, the effect of substantially different environmental conditions, and the effect of mechanical forces on the drill string itself as length increases (i.e. stretching in overall length, so that the length is greater than the product of number of drill rods and nominal dill rod length).
  • at surface rig data S 7 and S 8 above can be acquired at the surface only.
  • the weight on bit data is data that one would expect to vary in a relatively standard or known manner during a core breaking operation. In particular one would expect weight on bit to vary from a maximum during drilling to 0 Tonnes at core break. Indeed during core breaking the bit may be subjected to negative acceleration with reference to gravity as tension in the drill string is released and thus in effect have a negative weight.
  • weight on bit data when determining the specific pattern indicative of a core breaking operation may assist in improving accuracy in correlating the orientation data to the core break.
  • FIG. 4 depicts in a schematic general and broad sense an embodiment of the method 60 for acquiring core orientation.
  • the method includes a step 62 of continuously and simultaneously acquiring drilling data 64 while the drill rig 10 is being operated to acquire a core sample 12 .
  • the drilling data is a combination of the core orientation data Cn and the rig operational data.
  • the rig operational data comprises either one or both of (a) near bit rig data Nn; and, (b) at surface rig data Sn.
  • the step 62 of acquiring the drilling data 64 includes a step 62 C of acquiring the core orientation data Cn and a step 62 R of acquiring the rig operational data Rn.
  • the step 62 R is constituted by one or both of (a) step 62 N of acquiring the near bit rig data Nn and (b) step 62 S of acquiring the at surface rig data.
  • the method 60 produces the drilling data 64 comprising only the combination of data Cn and Nn. Barring a malfunction it is expected that the near bit rig data Nn will always be available as the corresponding near bit rig data acquisition system 54 N would be provided down the hole with the CODS 52 C in an inner core barrel assembly 24 such as, but not limited to, that described above and represented in FIG. 2 .
  • the drilling data 64 (i.e. the core orientation data Cn; and rig operational data Rn constituted by the near bit rig data Nn and/or the at surface rig data Sn, whichever combination is used), is continuously acquired by the system 50 and the method 60 .
  • This is to be contrasted with prior art systems which look or otherwise sense for trigger signals to log a core orientation measurement; or use time stamping to attempt to correlate a core orientation with the occurrence of a core breaking operation.
  • the analysis step 68 involves looking for a specific pattern in the rig operational data to signify a core breaking operation and using the core orientation data Cn acquired at the occurrence of the specific pattern as the core orientation of the core sample 12 .
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic representation of the drilling data 64 that may be acquired during operation of the drill rig 10 for the purposes of acquiring a core sample 12 .
  • looking for the specific pattern may comprise applying respective sliding window filters 70 and/or thresholds to the downhole data 64 to detect:
  • the specific pattern may comprise:
  • the acquisition of the downhole data may occur continuously from when the DAT of the system 50 is first lowered into the drill string 16 to when the DAT is retrieved from the drill string 16 . In any event the data acquisition occurs continuously during the operation of the drill 10 to cut the core sample 12 from the ground 14 .
  • the acquisition of the drilling data may commence upon the sensing of an event or combination of events such as landing of the inner core barrel assembly 24 on a landing ring or shoulder within the drill string 16 or landing the core barrel assembly 24 on a landing ring or shoulder within the drill string and the retracted latches or locking balls of the head assembly latching or locking into their normal drilling position within the drill string after the assembly has landed.
  • events are indicative solely of the DAT being turned ON to continuously acquire data and are not at all indicative of a core breaking operation.
  • a further difference is that in many of the prior art systems for example as described in the Background Art above, a timer is used to identify the a core orientation recorded close to the time of breaking the core from the in-situ parent rock.
  • a timer is used to identify the a core orientation recorded close to the time of breaking the core from the in-situ parent rock.
  • it is a pattern of events, independent of any time recorded, which is used to indicate the occurrence of a core break and correlate that to the core orientation or orientations recorded during the existence of that pattern of events.
  • the core orientation data Cn corresponding to the occurrence of that specific pattern is use as the orientation of the corresponding core sample.
  • the DAT (i.e. one or both of the CODS 52 C and the near bit rig data acquisition system 54 N) is provided with an on-board memory device for storing the acquired drilling data.
  • the data is retrieved upon retrieval of the DAT from the drill string 16 .
  • the data may be electronically transferred to the at surface analysis device 58 A for analysis to locate the specific pattern and provide the corresponding core orientation data.
  • the electronic transfer can be by wireless connection such as but not limited to infrared, BluetoothTM or Wi-Fi communication, or by plug-in communication using electrical cable or optical cable or direct plug and socket connection between the DAT and another device. In this way the processing and analysis of the data can be performed on the at surface analysis device 58 A (e.g. a smart phone, laptop or a PC).
  • Data transfer between the DAT, and the at surface analysis device or system 58 A can be performed while the DAT is downhole or after the DAT has been retrieved.
  • Data transfer from the at surface rig data acquisition system 56 S can be continuously communicated to the analysis system 58 A directly or alternately communicated to the DAT which then relays this data with the data Cn and Nn to the analysis system 58 A.
  • the system DAT may be arranged to provide a visual and/or audible signal when rotating a retrieved inner core barrel assembly 32 indicative of either the top of hole or bottom of hole relative to the known reference datum.

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  • Geology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geophysics (AREA)
  • Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
  • Investigating, Analyzing Materials By Fluorescence Or Luminescence (AREA)
US16/473,126 2016-12-23 2017-12-22 Method and system for determining core orientation Abandoned US20210222541A1 (en)

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AU2016905363 2016-12-23
AU2016905363A AU2016905363A0 (en) 2016-12-23 Method and system for determining core orientation
PCT/AU2017/051463 WO2018112560A1 (en) 2016-12-23 2017-12-22 Method and system for determining core orientation

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EP (2) EP3869000B1 (fi)
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CA (1) CA3052073A1 (fi)
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PL (2) PL3869000T3 (fi)
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US20220120176A1 (en) * 2020-10-16 2022-04-21 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Adaptive drillstring condition determination
US11408239B2 (en) * 2021-04-09 2022-08-09 Hunan University Of Science And Technology Long-distance core drilling method suitable for a horizontal geological core drilling rig
US20230097663A1 (en) * 2021-09-29 2023-03-30 Stockholm Precision Tools, S.L. Device and system for orienting core samples

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US20220120176A1 (en) * 2020-10-16 2022-04-21 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Adaptive drillstring condition determination
US11408239B2 (en) * 2021-04-09 2022-08-09 Hunan University Of Science And Technology Long-distance core drilling method suitable for a horizontal geological core drilling rig
US20230097663A1 (en) * 2021-09-29 2023-03-30 Stockholm Precision Tools, S.L. Device and system for orienting core samples

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US20230374899A1 (en) 2023-11-23
EP3559398A4 (en) 2020-09-16
WO2018112560A1 (en) 2018-06-28
EP3559398B1 (en) 2021-06-09
WO2018112560A9 (en) 2020-07-30
EP3559398A1 (en) 2019-10-30
FI3869000T3 (fi) 2023-11-15
AU2023251414A1 (en) 2023-11-09
CA3052073A1 (en) 2018-06-28
EP3869000A1 (en) 2021-08-25
ZA201904786B (en) 2020-03-25
PL3559398T3 (pl) 2021-12-13
PL3869000T3 (pl) 2024-03-18
AU2017381411A1 (en) 2019-07-25
EP3869000B1 (en) 2023-09-13

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