US20210220713A1 - Bat system with performance limiting structure and methods of making same - Google Patents
Bat system with performance limiting structure and methods of making same Download PDFInfo
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- US20210220713A1 US20210220713A1 US17/223,126 US202117223126A US2021220713A1 US 20210220713 A1 US20210220713 A1 US 20210220713A1 US 202117223126 A US202117223126 A US 202117223126A US 2021220713 A1 US2021220713 A1 US 2021220713A1
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- Prior art keywords
- bat
- deformable ring
- hollow barrel
- rods
- holes
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
- A63B59/00—Bats, rackets, or the like, not covered by groups A63B49/00 - A63B57/00
- A63B59/50—Substantially rod-shaped bats for hitting a ball in the air, e.g. for baseball
- A63B59/58—Substantially rod-shaped bats for hitting a ball in the air, e.g. for baseball characterised by the shape
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
- A63B59/00—Bats, rackets, or the like, not covered by groups A63B49/00 - A63B57/00
- A63B59/50—Substantially rod-shaped bats for hitting a ball in the air, e.g. for baseball
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
- A63B60/00—Details or accessories of golf clubs, bats, rackets or the like
- A63B60/06—Handles
- A63B60/16—Caps; Ferrules
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
- A63B60/00—Details or accessories of golf clubs, bats, rackets or the like
- A63B60/42—Devices for measuring, verifying, correcting or customising the inherent characteristics of golf clubs, bats, rackets or the like, e.g. measuring the maximum torque a batting shaft can withstand
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
- A63B60/00—Details or accessories of golf clubs, bats, rackets or the like
- A63B60/50—Details or accessories of golf clubs, bats, rackets or the like with through-holes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
- A63B2102/00—Application of clubs, bats, rackets or the like to the sporting activity ; particular sports involving the use of balls and clubs, bats, rackets, or the like
- A63B2102/18—Baseball, rounders or similar games
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
- A63B2102/00—Application of clubs, bats, rackets or the like to the sporting activity ; particular sports involving the use of balls and clubs, bats, rackets, or the like
- A63B2102/18—Baseball, rounders or similar games
- A63B2102/182—Softball
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
- A63B2209/00—Characteristics of used materials
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
- A63B60/00—Details or accessories of golf clubs, bats, rackets or the like
- A63B60/52—Details or accessories of golf clubs, bats, rackets or the like with slits
Definitions
- the performance of a bat is related to the efficiency with which the bat can impart force to a ball upon impact.
- Bat manufacturers often evaluate a bat's coefficient of restitution (COR) to measure its performance.
- COR coefficient of restitution
- bat manufacturers typically sought to improve the performance of bats to achieve an increased COR.
- Today, however, bat manufacturers are typically concerned with manufacturing bats that provide the greatest performance possible but without exceeding maximum performance metrics of various leagues and other organized forms of play.
- U.S. Pat. No. 8,632,428 to Burger describes a bat that includes a central tube positioned coaxially within the barrel and one or more rigid, “washer-shaped” restriction members to limit the deformation of the bat upon impact with a ball.
- the washer-shaped restriction members have an outer diameter that is less than the inner diameter of the barrel, such that the barrel is able to deform until the inner wall of the barrel contacts the washer-shaped restriction members.
- the bat's performance at lower impact forces may be unnecessarily reduced. That is, at lower forces (e.g., lower swing speed or lower ball speed), deformation of the bat does not need to be limited to prevent the bat from exceeding the maximum COR limit, but the high rigidity and incompressibility of a washer-shaped restriction member would likely prevent deformation of the bat's barrel even at lower forces such that performance of the bat at the lower forces is unnecessarily reduced. More particularly, such a bat may perform substantially differently within three ranges of ball speed. At low speed impacts (e.g., a low speed range), only the barrel may flex.
- low speed impacts e.g., a low speed range
- a single side of the barrel e.g., the portion of the barrel impacting the ball
- two sides of the barrel e.g., the portion of the barrel impacting the ball and the portion of the barrel directly opposite the impact location
- the incompressible nature of the washer-shaped restriction member may prevent flex of the washer-shaped restriction member and of the barrel system, as a whole, which can be detrimental to bat performance, particularly at high-force impacts (e.g., impacts with a ball in the high speed range).
- Embodiments of the present invention relate to a baseball or softball bat having a hollow barrel and one or more deformable rings suspending within the hollow barrel by a plurality of rods positioned longitudinally within the hollow barrel.
- Each of the plurality of rods can be offset from a central axis of the hollow barrel by a common radius, and the deformable ring can have a substantially circular outer wall that has a diameter less than an inner diameter of the hollow barrel.
- the deformable ring can also have a plurality of holes positioned equidistantly about a circumference corresponding to the common radius, with each hole at least partially receiving a rod of the three or more rods.
- the deformable ring can be positioned such that it is in coaxial alignment with the hollow barrel when the bat is at rest.
- Embodiments can also include an end cap that has holes extending partially therethrough, with each end cap hole at least partially receiving an end of a rod.
- a bat can include a hollow barrel and an internal assembly disposed within the hollow barrel.
- the internal assembly can comprise a plurality of rigid rods disposed longitudinally within the hollow barrel, an alignment insert, a deformable ring, and an end cap.
- the alignment insert can have an outer diameter approximately equal to an inner diameter of the hollow barrel and a plurality of through-holes that are each (i) axially extending through the alignment insert, (ii) offset from a central axis of the alignment insert by a common radius and positioned such that the plurality of through-holes is disposed equidistantly along a circumference corresponding to the common radius, and (iii) configured to receive a portion of a corresponding rigid rod.
- the deformable ring can comprise an outer wall having an outer diameter smaller than the inner diameter of the hollow barrel and a plurality of holes disposed equidistantly about the circumference corresponding to the common radius. Each hole of the deformable ring can be configured to at least partially receive a corresponding rigid rod.
- the end cap can be configured to insert into an end of the hollow barrel, and the end cap can have a plurality of recesses disposed equidistantly about the circumference corresponding to the common radius. Each recess can be configured to receive an end of a corresponding rigid rod.
- the end cap and the alignment insert can be configured to maintain the plurality of rigid rods in a predetermined configuration when the bat is at rest.
- the predetermined configuration can correspond to each of the plurality of rigid rods being parallel.
- the plurality of rigid rods can be configured to maintain the deformable ring in a predetermined suspended position within the hollow barrel such that, when the bat is at rest, each point along the outer wall of the deformable ring is disposed a predetermined gap distance from an inner surface of the hollow barrel.
- the hollow barrel can be configured to flex inwardly responsive to receiving force from an impact with an object such that the inner surface of the hollow barrel contacts the outer wall of the deformable ring.
- the hollow barrel can be configured to transfer at least some of the force from the impact to the deformable ring.
- the deformable ring can be configured to at least partially deform from an original shape to a deformed shaped upon receiving at least some of the force from the impact, and the deformable ring can be configured to return from the deformed shape to the original shape.
- the deformable ring can be configured to transfer a rebound force to the hollow barrel as the deformable ring returns from the deformed shape to the original shape.
- the alignment insert can have a plurality of lobes.
- the alignment insert can comprise EVA foam.
- the bat can comprise a plurality of deformable rings.
- the deformable ring can comprise aluminum.
- the deformable ring can comprise a plurality of inner lobes. Each of the plurality of holes of the deformable ring can be at least partially disposed within a corresponding inner lobe of the plurality of inner lobes.
- the deformable ring can comprise a hollow inner portion.
- At least some of the plurality of rigid rods can comprise carbon.
- At least some of the plurality of rigid rods can be hollow.
- At least some of the plurality of rigid rods can be substantially solid.
- the end cap can comprise a protrusion configured to at least partially insert into a notch of the hollow barrel.
- the notch can be disposed on an interior wall of the hollow barrel proximate a distal end of the hollow barrel.
- the protrusion and notch can be configured to interlock.
- a method for manufacturing a bat can comprise providing a hollow barrel and assembling an internal assembly. Assembling the internal assembly can include inserting each of a plurality of rigid rods into a corresponding through-hole of a plurality of through-holes in an alignment insert having an outer diameter approximately equal to an inner diameter of the hollow barrel.
- Each of the plurality of through-holes can be axially extending through the alignment insert and can be offset from a central axis of the alignment insert by a common radius and positioned such that the plurality of through-holes is disposed equidistantly along a circumference corresponding to the common radius.
- Assembling the internal assembly can include inserting each of the plurality of rigid rods into a corresponding hole of a plurality of holes in a deformable ring comprising an outer wall that has an outer diameter smaller than the inner diameter of the hollow barrel.
- the plurality of holes can be disposed equidistantly about the circumference corresponding to the common radius.
- Assembling the internal assembly can include inserting an end of each of the plurality of rigid rods into a corresponding recess of a plurality of recesses in an end cap.
- the plurality of recesses in the end cap can be disposed equidistantly about the circumference corresponding to the common radius.
- Assembling the internal assembly can include inserting the end cap into an end of the hollow barrel.
- Assembling the internal assembly can comprise positioning the plurality of rigid rods such that the plurality of rigid rods is in a predetermined configuration when the bat is at rest.
- the predetermined configuration can correspond to each of the plurality of rigid rods being parallel.
- Assembling the internal assembly can comprise positioning the deformable ring in a predetermined suspended position within the hollow barrel such that, when the bat is at rest, each point along the outer wall of the deformable ring is disposed a predetermined gap distance from an inner surface of the hollow barrel.
- FIG. 1 is an isometric view of a bat with the barrel depicted as transparent for clarity, according to some embodiments of the disclosed technology
- FIG. 2 is an exploded view of a bat, according to some embodiments of the disclosed technology
- FIG. 3 is a partial cross-sectional side view of a bat, according to some embodiments of the disclosed technology
- FIG. 4A is an isometric view of a deformable ring, according to some embodiments of the disclosed technology.
- FIG. 4B is a wireframe drawing of the deformable ring depicted in FIG. 4A , according to some embodiments of the disclosed technology;
- FIG. 4C is a wireframe drawing of a deformable ring, according to some embodiments of the disclosed technology.
- FIG. 4D is a wireframe drawing of a deformable ring, according to some embodiments of the disclosed technology.
- FIG. 5A is a cross-section of a deformable ring, according to some embodiments of the disclosed technology.
- FIG. 5B is a cross-section of a deformable ring, according to some embodiments of the disclosed technology.
- FIG. 6A is a graph illustrating performance of a bat incorporating an embodiment of the presently disclosed technology as compared to that of two prior art bats;
- FIG. 6B is a graph illustrating performance of a bat incorporating an embodiment of the presently disclosed technology as compared to that of two prior art bats;
- FIG. 7 is a graph illustrating a comparison of the compression and displacement of a prior art rigid washer and a deformable ring, according to some embodiments of the disclosed technology.
- FIG. 8 is a cross-section of a deformable ring within a hollow barrel, according to some embodiments of the disclosed technology.
- the disclosed technology relates to a bat, such as baseball bat or a softball bat.
- the bat can include a hollow barrel and an internal assembly that is configured to resist deformation of the hollow barrel, especially deformation of the hollow barrel upon impact with a ball, for example.
- the internal assembly can be configured to resist, but not entirely prevent, deformation of the bat upon contact the hollow barrel's inner wall with an outer edge or surface of the deformable ring.
- the internal assembly can include a deformable ring that is suspended within the hollow barrel by a plurality of rods that extend longitudinally within the hollow barrel.
- FIG. 1 is an isometric view of a bat 100 according to some embodiments of the disclosed technology.
- the bat 100 can include a barrel 110 , which is depicted as transparent in FIG. 1 to clearly show the internal components of the bat 100 .
- the bat 100 can include an internal assembly 120 , which can include one or more deformable rings 130 and a plurality or rods 140 .
- the deformable ring(s) 130 can be configured to limit (but not prevent) barrel flex at comparatively high impact forces while still allowing the barrel 110 to freely flex at comparatively low impact forces.
- a deformable ring 130 can be placed at a location along the length of the barrel 110 corresponding to the peak performance of the bat 100 , or the bat's “sweet spot.” While some embodiments may include a single deformable ring 130 , other embodiments can include two, three, four, five, six, or more deformable rings 130 . Increasing the number of deformable rings 130 can provide a more constant control of deformation of the hollow barrel 110 upon impact with a ball, but increasing the number deformable rings 130 can also increase the overall weight of the bat 100 , which can negatively impact performance of the bat 100 . To provide uniformity of deformation about the exterior diameter of the bat 100 , some embodiments can include three or more rods 140 .
- some embodiments can include three, four, five, six, or more rods 140 . Similar to the number of deformable rings 130 used, an increased number of rods 140 can provide increased positional securely of the deformable ring 130 , but increasing the number of rods 140 can increase the overall weight of the bat 100 , which may negatively impact the performance of the bat 100 . Accordingly, some embodiments can include as few as two rods 140 , which can reduce the overall weight of the bat 100 , but may do so at the cost of uniformity of deformation about the exterior diameter of the bat 100 . Some embodiments can also include an alignment insert 150 , which can provide limited or no effect on the deformation of the hollow barrel 110 . According to some embodiments, the rods 140 can be solid.
- the rods 140 can be substantially hollow, such as is depicted in FIG. 2 .
- the rods 140 can comprise carbon tubes.
- the rods 140 can comprise metal, resin, carbon, or some mixture thereof.
- each rod 140 can have a diameter in the range of approximately 1 mm to approximately 50 mm.
- some embodiments can include rods 140 having a diameter in the range of approximately 5 mm to approximately 30 mm.
- the alignment insert 150 can have a shape that mirrors the interior shape of the hollow barrel 110 .
- the alignment insert 150 can have a substantially cylindrical shape.
- the alignment insert 150 can have a frustoconical shape.
- the alignment insert 150 can have an exterior diameter that is substantially equal to the interior diameter of the hollow barrel 110 .
- the alignment insert 150 can include a plurality of holes extending axially therethrough. Each hole of the alignment insert 150 can be positioned at a common radius from a center of the alignment insert 150 , and in certain embodiments, the holes can be positioned equidistantly about a circumference corresponding to this common radius. Each hole of the alignment insert 150 can be dimensioned to receive a corresponding rod 140 .
- the alignment insert 150 can include a plurality of axially extending slits, and each slit can align with a corresponding hole of the alignment insert 150 .
- each hole of the alignment insert 150 can be configured to receive a rod 140 through the slit such that each rod 140 is passed through a slit and into a corresponding hole in a radially inward direction.
- the alignment insert 150 can have other shapes.
- the alignment insert 150 can have a plurality of lobes formed between adjacent niches, such as is shown in FIG. 1 .
- Each niche can correspond to a rod 140 of the internal assembly 120 , and each niche can be configured to receive at least a portion of the corresponding rod 140 .
- the alignment insert 150 can be configured to substantially maintain the rods 140 in a predetermined alignment and/or position.
- the alignment insert 150 can also provide subjective benefits regarding the sound of the bat 100 striking a ball (i.e., the ball-striking sound of a bat 100 with an alignment insert 150 can be more pleasing to a general audience than the ball-striking sound of a bat 100 without an alignment insert 150 ).
- the alignment insert 150 can comprise a light yet sturdy material.
- the alignment insert 150 can comprise a polymer, copolymer, and/or foam, such as EVA foam.
- the alignment insert 150 can include a central hole (e.g., as shown in FIG. 1 ), which can reduce the weight of the alignment insert 150 (and thus the overall weight of the bat 100 ).
- the central hole can be dimensioned such that weight is reduced without negatively impacting the necessary rigidity of the alignment insert 150 that is required to maintain the rods 140 in alignment with other components of the internal assembly 120 and/or other components of the bat 100 .
- Certain embodiments can exclude the alignment insert 150 .
- the bat 100 can include an end cap 160 .
- the end cap 160 can be configured to fit securely into a distal end of the barrel 110 and can be configured to receive an end of each of a plurality of rods 140 and maintain the end of each rod 140 in a predetermined alignment and/or position.
- the deformable ring 130 can include a circular outer wall 232 and a plurality of holes 234 , where each hole 234 is configured to at least partially receive a rod 140 .
- the circular outer wall 232 has an outer diameter that is less than an inner diameter of the hollow barrel 110 such that, upon impact of the hollow barrel 110 with a ball, the hollow barrel 110 is permitted to deform a predetermined amount or a predetermined distance before contacting the circular outer wall 232 of the deformable ring 130 .
- the deformable ring 130 is configured to at least partially deform upon receiving force from the impact of the hollow barrel 110 with a ball via contact of the hollow barrel 110 with the circular outer wall 232 of the deformable ring 130 .
- the deformable ring 130 can be configured to return to its original shape subsequent to deforming.
- the deformable ring 130 can include one or more holes 234 that extend entirely through the deformable ring 130 .
- Each hole 234 can be located in a corresponding inner lobe 436 of the deformable ring 130 (e.g., as shown in FIGS. 4A-4D ).
- each hole 234 of the deformable ring 130 can be positioned at a common radius from a center of the deformable ring 130 , and in certain embodiments, the holes 234 can be positioned equidistantly about a circumference corresponding to this common radius.
- the positions of the holes 234 of the deformable ring 130 can correspond to, and align with, the holes of the alignment insert 150 .
- the deformable ring 130 when the holes 234 receive the rods 140 , the deformable ring 130 can be positioned such that it is suspended within the hollow barrel, and in coaxial alignment with the hollow barrel 110 , when the bat 100 is at rest (e.g., when the bat 100 is not striking a ball).
- the outer diameter of the deformable ring 130 i.e., the diameter of the circular outer wall 232
- a gap can be formed between the deformable ring 130 and the hollow barrel 110 .
- the end cap 160 can include a number of holes 262 that extend partially into the end cap 160 .
- each hole 262 can correspond to a rod 140 .
- the end cap 160 can include multiple protrusions extending from an inner surface of the end cap 160 with each protrusion including a partial hole 262 . This can permit the end cap 160 to comprise a relatively lower amount of material, which can decrease the overall weight of the bat 100 .
- each hole 262 of the end cap 160 can be positioned at a common radius from a center of the end cap 160 , and in certain embodiments, the holes 234 can be positioned equidistantly about a circumference corresponding to this common radius.
- the common radius with respect to the deformable ring 130 can be substantially equal to the common radius with respect to the end cap 160 and/or the holes 234 of the deformable ring 130 such that each rod 140 is substantially parallel to one another.
- the common radius with respect to the deformable ring 130 can be smaller than the common radius with respect to the end cap 160 such that each rod 140 increasingly extends radially outward as the rod 140 extends longitudinally from the deformable ring 130 toward the end cap 160 ; in some embodiments, this configuration can provide rods 140 that are substantially parallel to an outer wall of the hollow barrel 110 if the hollow barrel 110 increases in outer diameter from a proximate end to a distal end, but it should be understood that such a configuration of the rods 140 is not limited to embodiments in which the diameter of the hollow barrel 110 changes.
- the end cap 160 can also include a protrusion 264 , which can correspond to a notch 212 located proximate the distal end of the hollow barrel 110 .
- the end cap 160 can be permanently attached to the hollow barrel 110 .
- the end cap can be attached to the hollow barrel with an adhesive, such as a glue or epoxy.
- the end cap 160 can be detachably attachable to the hollow barrel 110 .
- Embodiments including a detachably attachable end cap 160 can permit multiple internal assemblies 120 and end caps 160 to be inserted into a single hollow barrel 110 , which can enable a single bat 100 to be used in multiple leagues governed by rules requiring differing maximum performance metrics of bats.
- the designs disclosed herein utilize multiple rods 140 as opposed to a single tube or rod (e.g., located along the central axis of the barrel 110 ). Such designs can permit the deformable ring 130 to be more evenly displaced within the barrel 110 (i.e., translational movement of the deformable ring 130 within the barrel 110 ) at impact.
- Such even displacement of the deformable ring 130 can facilitate decreased performance restriction (e.g., as opposed to a rigid washer design) for all but the high-speed impacts (e.g., impacts at a sufficient force to cause the barrel 110 to flex inward at the impact location such that the interior wall of the barrel 110 near the impact location contacts the deformable ring 130 and causes the deformable ring 130 to contact the interior wall of the barrel 110 opposite the impact location).
- high-speed impacts e.g., impacts at a sufficient force to cause the barrel 110 to flex inward at the impact location such that the interior wall of the barrel 110 near the impact location contacts the deformable ring 130 and causes the deformable ring 130 to contact the interior wall of the barrel 110 opposite the impact location.
- impacts e.g., impacts at a sufficient force to cause the barrel 110 to flex inward at the impact location such that the interior wall of the barrel 110 near the impact location contacts the deformable ring 130 and causes the deformable ring 130 to contact the interior wall of the barrel 110 opposite
- FIGS. 4A and 4B more clearly depict the deformable ring 130 according to some embodiments, along with the circular outer wall 232 and holes 234 .
- one or more of the holes 234 can extend only partially into the deformable ring 130 such that only an end of a rod can extend into the hole 234 .
- Some embodiments can include a combination of complete (i.e., formed fully through the deformable ring 130 ) and partial (i.e., formed only partially through the deformable ring 130 ) holes 234 . Referring to FIGS.
- the deformable ring can include one or more holes 234 that extends partially into a first side (e.g., a top side) of the deformable ring 130 and can include one or more holes 234 that extends partially into a second side (e.g., a bottom side) of the deformable ring 130 such that an end of a first rod 140 can be inserted into the first side of the deformable ring 130 and an end of a second rod 140 can be inserted into the second side of the deformable ring 130 .
- a first side e.g., a top side
- a second side e.g., a bottom side
- a given pair of rods 140 on opposite sides of the deformable ring 130 can be axially aligned with respect to one another, such as shown in FIG. 4C .
- one or more of the rods 140 on opposite sides of the deformable ring 130 can be axially offset with respect to one another, such as shown in FIG. 4D .
- a plurality of deformable rings 130 can be provided, and according to some embodiments, the outer diameter of each deformable ring 130 is the same.
- each of the plurality of deformable rings 130 can be used with the same hollow barrel 110 .
- the diameters of the holes 234 can be different from deformable ring 130 such that rods 140 of differing diameters can be used, which can influence the deformability of the deformable ring 130 .
- the diameters of the holes 234 can be the same among all deformable rings 130 such that the same rods 140 can be used for all deformable rings 130 .
- the inner diameter of the deformable rings 130 can be adjusted to provide differing rigidities and thus differing deformability of the hollow barrel 110 , ultimately resulting in differing performance characteristics of the bat 100 .
- FIG. 5A depicts a deformable ring 130 A having an outer diameter and an inner diameter ID′
- FIG. 5B depicts a deformable ring 130 B having the same outer diameter as deformable ring 130 A and having an inner diameter ID 2 , which is greater than the inner diameter ID 1 of deformable ring 130 A.
- deformable rings 130 A and 130 B have the same outer diameter and because deformable ring 130 A has an inner diameter ID 1 less than the inner diameter ID 2 of deformable ring 130 B, deformable ring 130 A has a greater wall thickness than that of deformable ring 130 B. Accordingly, deformable ring 130 A is more rigid, and thus less deformable, than deformable ring 130 B.
- the deformable ring 130 can have a thickness (e.g., height) in the range of approximately 1 mm (approximately 0.04 inch) to approximately 50 mm (approximately 2 inches).
- the deformable ring 130 can have a thickness (e.g., height) in the range of approximately 1 mm (approximately 0.04 inch) to approximately 20 mm (approximately 0.8 inch).
- the deformable ring 130 can have a radial thickness (e.g., the smallest thickness of a sidewall of the deformable ring) in the range of approximately 1 mm (approximately 0.04 inch) to approximately 50 mm (approximately 2 inches).
- the deformable ring 130 can have a radial thickness in the range of approximately 5 mm (approximately 0.2 inch) to approximately 30 mm (approximately 1.2 inches).
- the deformable ring can comprise one or more metals (e.g., aluminum), resin, one or more composite materials, one or more plastics (e.g., nylon), any combination thereof, or any other appropriate material(s).
- FIGS. 6A and 6B are graphs depicting the performance of three types of bats: a prior art bat having a rigid, washer-shaped ring, a prior art composite bat lacking any sort of internal ring structure, and a bat comprising the presently disclosed technology.
- the presently disclosed bat provides a batted ball speed that is higher than the normal composite bat and nearly as high as the bat including the washer-shaped ring at lower speeds and provides a batted ball speed that is higher than the bat including the washer-shaped ring and nearly as high as the normal composite bat at medium speeds.
- the presently disclosed bat provides a batted ball speed that is much higher than the bat including the washer-shaped ring.
- the presently disclosed can increase bat performance at a target force (e.g., to conform with controlling rules and regulations) while maintaining a high level of performance at forces beyond the target force.
- the increased overall performance of bats using a deformable ring 130 can be at least partly attributable to the unique balance of compression and displacement afforded by the disclosed technology.
- a rigid washer of a prior art bat can be displaced within the bat as the bat barrel is compressed only until the rigid washer is in contact with both the impact side and opposite side of the barrel, at which time no further displacement is possible.
- the deformable ring 130 of the disclosed technology can displace similarly but is also able to deform after contacting both the impact side and opposite side of the barrel. As can also be seen from FIG.
- the degree of compression of the deformable ring 130 can be altered based on the inner diameter of the deformable ring 130 (assuming a constant outer diameter). Stated otherwise, the thickness of the deformable ring's 130 outer wall can affect the degree of compression of the deformable ring 130 .
- the deformable ring 130 can be suspended within the hollow barrel 110 such that a gap is formed between the circular outer wall 232 of the deformable ring 130 and the interior surface of the hollow barrel 110 .
- the magnitude of this gap i.e., distance D gap
- the outer surface of the deformable ring 130 and/or the inner surface of the barrel 110 may not be perfectly circular due to manufacturing limitations or other reasons.
- the gap distance D gap can refer to an average gap distance D gap between the outer surface of the deformable ring 130 and the inner surface of the barrel 110 .
- a compressible material 838 can be attached or affixed to the outer wall 232 of the deformable ring 130 .
- the compressible material 838 can help to reduce or eliminate vibrations that can cause an undesirable sound (e.g., a rattling sound) that may occur when the deformable ring 130 contacts the inner surface of the barrel 110 .
- the compressible material 838 can be or include a fabric (e.g., felt), a foam (e.g., a low-density polyurethane foam), or any other compressible material.
- the compressible material 838 can be highly compressible such that it can dampen, reduce, and/or remove audible rattling without inhibiting the benefits of the deformable ring 130 as described herein.
- the compressible material 838 can be attached or affixed to the outer wall 232 of the deformable ring 130 via adhesive (e.g., glue, epoxy, tape) or any type of attachment device.
- the compressible material 838 can be a tape (e.g., a felt tape, a foam tape) and can be adhered to the outer wall 232 of the deformable ring 130 .
- a compressible material 838 can be attached or affixed to the inner surface of the barrel 110 .
- the compressible material 838 can have a thickness that is less than the gap distance D gap such that a gap exists between the compressible material 838 and the inner surface of the barrel 110 (if the compressible material 838 is attached to the outer wall 232 of the deformable ring 130 ) or between the compressible material 838 and the outer wall 232 of the deformable ring 130 (if the compressible material 838 is attached to the inner surface of the barrel 110 ).
- the compressible material 838 can have a thickness that is approximately equal to the gap distance D gap .
- the compressible material 838 has heretofore been described as being attached to the outer wall 232 of the deformable ring 130 and/or the inner surface of the barrel 110 , it is contemplated that the compressible material 838 can be simply disposed between the deformable ring 130 and the barrel 110 .
- the compressible material 838 can have a thickness that approximately equal to or greater than (e.g., slightly greater than) the gap distance D gap such that the compressible material can be retained between the deformable ring 130 and the barrel 110 via friction forces and/or slight compression of the compressible material 838 .
- the compressible material 838 can be positioned such that it prevents direct contact between the deformable ring 130 and the barrel 110 .
- Table 1 below refers to data resulting from experiments conducted using examples of the disclosed technology, including two samples having rings of differing wall thickness and the same outer diameter (i.e., having differing inner diameters) and three samples having different outer diameters.
- Each sample was tested with the same hollow barrel 110 , such that the difference between the inner diameter of the hollow barrel 110 and the outer diameter of each sample deformable ring 130 results in a corresponding gap distance D gap .
- the barrel 110 used in testing these samples had an inner diameter of approximately 50 mm (approximately 2 inches).
- the force values of Table 1 refer how much force was required to compress the barrel 110 of each sample a constant, predetermined amount. For the purposes of these experiments, the predetermined displacement resulting from the compression of the barrel 110 was 0.050 ⁇ 0.001 inch (1.3 ⁇ 0.025 mm).
- Ring wall thickness refers to the difference between the deformable ring's 130 outer diameter and largest inner diameter (see, e.g., FIGS. 5A and 5B ), ring height refers to the height of thickness of each deformable ring 130 , and ring location refers to the position of each deformable ring 130 with respect to the cap end of the barrel of the bat (i.e., each of the samples was located at a position 7 inches from the cap end of the barrel 110 ). Each sample was tested using a robotic batter at a low speed, a medium speed, and a high speed.
- Table 2 below shows the batted ball speed resulting from impacts of some of the above sample bats with balls traveling at three different speeds prior to impact: low speed (55 km/h (approximately 34 mph)), medium speed (80 km/h (approximately 50 mph)), and high speed (125 km/h (approximately 78 mph)).
- low speed 55 km/h (approximately 34 mph)
- medium speed 80 km/h (approximately 50 mph)
- high speed 125 km/h (approximately 78 mph)
- Table 3 below shows the batted ball speed resulting from impacts of some of the above sample bats with balls traveling at three different speeds prior to impact: low speed (55 km/h (approximately 34 mph)), medium speed (80 km/h (approximately 50 mph)), and high speed (105 km/h (approximately 65 mph)).
- low speed 55 km/h (approximately 34 mph)
- medium speed 80 km/h (approximately 50 mph)
- high speed 105 km/h (approximately 65 mph)
Abstract
Description
- This application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. § 120 to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/661,208, filed 23 Oct. 2019 and entitled “Bat System with Performance Limiting Structure and Methods of Making Same,” which claims priority under 35 U.S.C. § 119 to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/749,759, filed on 24 Oct. 2018 and entitled “Bat System with Performance Limiting Structure and Methods of Making Same,” the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.
- Generally, the performance of a bat is related to the efficiency with which the bat can impart force to a ball upon impact. Bat manufacturers often evaluate a bat's coefficient of restitution (COR) to measure its performance. Previously, bat manufacturers typically sought to improve the performance of bats to achieve an increased COR. Today, however, bat manufacturers are typically concerned with manufacturing bats that provide the greatest performance possible but without exceeding maximum performance metrics of various leagues and other organized forms of play.
- Generally, increased deformation experienced by a bat upon impact with a ball corresponds to an increased COR of the bat. Some existing bat designs aim to prevent a bat from exceeding an imposed COR limit by limiting deformation of the bat upon impact of the bat with a ball. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 8,632,428 to Burger describes a bat that includes a central tube positioned coaxially within the barrel and one or more rigid, “washer-shaped” restriction members to limit the deformation of the bat upon impact with a ball. The washer-shaped restriction members have an outer diameter that is less than the inner diameter of the barrel, such that the barrel is able to deform until the inner wall of the barrel contacts the washer-shaped restriction members. By controlling the amount of possible deformation, it is thus possible to control the amount of deformation experienced by a bat at impact, and thus, limit the maximum COR provided by the bat.
- While such a design may sufficiently limit the maximum COR provided by a bat, the bat's performance at lower impact forces may be unnecessarily reduced. That is, at lower forces (e.g., lower swing speed or lower ball speed), deformation of the bat does not need to be limited to prevent the bat from exceeding the maximum COR limit, but the high rigidity and incompressibility of a washer-shaped restriction member would likely prevent deformation of the bat's barrel even at lower forces such that performance of the bat at the lower forces is unnecessarily reduced. More particularly, such a bat may perform substantially differently within three ranges of ball speed. At low speed impacts (e.g., a low speed range), only the barrel may flex. At higher speeds (e.g., a medium speed range), a single side of the barrel (e.g., the portion of the barrel impacting the ball) may engage the washer-shaped restriction member, and at still higher speeds (e.g., a high speed range), two sides of the barrel (e.g., the portion of the barrel impacting the ball and the portion of the barrel directly opposite the impact location) may engage the washer-shaped restriction member. For impacts in the high speed range, the incompressible nature of the washer-shaped restriction member may prevent flex of the washer-shaped restriction member and of the barrel system, as a whole, which can be detrimental to bat performance, particularly at high-force impacts (e.g., impacts with a ball in the high speed range).
- What is needed, therefore, is a bat designed to maximize performance within a given set of guidelines at high impact forces while simultaneously maximizing absolute performance of the bat at lower impact forces. It is to such a bat that embodiments of the present invention are primarily directed.
- Embodiments of the present invention relate to a baseball or softball bat having a hollow barrel and one or more deformable rings suspending within the hollow barrel by a plurality of rods positioned longitudinally within the hollow barrel. Each of the plurality of rods can be offset from a central axis of the hollow barrel by a common radius, and the deformable ring can have a substantially circular outer wall that has a diameter less than an inner diameter of the hollow barrel. The deformable ring can also have a plurality of holes positioned equidistantly about a circumference corresponding to the common radius, with each hole at least partially receiving a rod of the three or more rods. Thus, the deformable ring can be positioned such that it is in coaxial alignment with the hollow barrel when the bat is at rest. Embodiments can also include an end cap that has holes extending partially therethrough, with each end cap hole at least partially receiving an end of a rod.
- According the disclosed technology, a bat can include a hollow barrel and an internal assembly disposed within the hollow barrel. The internal assembly can comprise a plurality of rigid rods disposed longitudinally within the hollow barrel, an alignment insert, a deformable ring, and an end cap. The alignment insert can have an outer diameter approximately equal to an inner diameter of the hollow barrel and a plurality of through-holes that are each (i) axially extending through the alignment insert, (ii) offset from a central axis of the alignment insert by a common radius and positioned such that the plurality of through-holes is disposed equidistantly along a circumference corresponding to the common radius, and (iii) configured to receive a portion of a corresponding rigid rod. The deformable ring can comprise an outer wall having an outer diameter smaller than the inner diameter of the hollow barrel and a plurality of holes disposed equidistantly about the circumference corresponding to the common radius. Each hole of the deformable ring can be configured to at least partially receive a corresponding rigid rod. The end cap can be configured to insert into an end of the hollow barrel, and the end cap can have a plurality of recesses disposed equidistantly about the circumference corresponding to the common radius. Each recess can be configured to receive an end of a corresponding rigid rod. The end cap and the alignment insert can be configured to maintain the plurality of rigid rods in a predetermined configuration when the bat is at rest. The predetermined configuration can correspond to each of the plurality of rigid rods being parallel. The plurality of rigid rods can be configured to maintain the deformable ring in a predetermined suspended position within the hollow barrel such that, when the bat is at rest, each point along the outer wall of the deformable ring is disposed a predetermined gap distance from an inner surface of the hollow barrel.
- The hollow barrel can be configured to flex inwardly responsive to receiving force from an impact with an object such that the inner surface of the hollow barrel contacts the outer wall of the deformable ring.
- The hollow barrel can be configured to transfer at least some of the force from the impact to the deformable ring. The deformable ring can be configured to at least partially deform from an original shape to a deformed shaped upon receiving at least some of the force from the impact, and the deformable ring can be configured to return from the deformed shape to the original shape.
- The deformable ring can be configured to transfer a rebound force to the hollow barrel as the deformable ring returns from the deformed shape to the original shape.
- The alignment insert can have a plurality of lobes.
- The alignment insert can comprise EVA foam.
- The bat can comprise a plurality of deformable rings.
- The deformable ring can comprise aluminum.
- The deformable ring can comprise a plurality of inner lobes. Each of the plurality of holes of the deformable ring can be at least partially disposed within a corresponding inner lobe of the plurality of inner lobes.
- The deformable ring can comprise a hollow inner portion.
- At least some of the plurality of rigid rods can comprise carbon.
- At least some of the plurality of rigid rods can be hollow.
- At least some of the plurality of rigid rods can be substantially solid.
- The end cap can comprise a protrusion configured to at least partially insert into a notch of the hollow barrel. The notch can be disposed on an interior wall of the hollow barrel proximate a distal end of the hollow barrel. The protrusion and notch can be configured to interlock.
- According to the disclosed technology, a method for manufacturing a bat can comprise providing a hollow barrel and assembling an internal assembly. Assembling the internal assembly can include inserting each of a plurality of rigid rods into a corresponding through-hole of a plurality of through-holes in an alignment insert having an outer diameter approximately equal to an inner diameter of the hollow barrel. Each of the plurality of through-holes can be axially extending through the alignment insert and can be offset from a central axis of the alignment insert by a common radius and positioned such that the plurality of through-holes is disposed equidistantly along a circumference corresponding to the common radius. Assembling the internal assembly can include inserting each of the plurality of rigid rods into a corresponding hole of a plurality of holes in a deformable ring comprising an outer wall that has an outer diameter smaller than the inner diameter of the hollow barrel. The plurality of holes can be disposed equidistantly about the circumference corresponding to the common radius. Assembling the internal assembly can include inserting an end of each of the plurality of rigid rods into a corresponding recess of a plurality of recesses in an end cap. The plurality of recesses in the end cap can be disposed equidistantly about the circumference corresponding to the common radius. Assembling the internal assembly can include inserting the end cap into an end of the hollow barrel.
- Assembling the internal assembly can comprise positioning the plurality of rigid rods such that the plurality of rigid rods is in a predetermined configuration when the bat is at rest. The predetermined configuration can correspond to each of the plurality of rigid rods being parallel.
- Assembling the internal assembly can comprise positioning the deformable ring in a predetermined suspended position within the hollow barrel such that, when the bat is at rest, each point along the outer wall of the deformable ring is disposed a predetermined gap distance from an inner surface of the hollow barrel.
- These and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent upon reading the following specification in conjunction with the accompanying drawing figures.
- Reference will now be made to the accompanying figures, which are not necessarily drawn to scale, and wherein:
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FIG. 1 is an isometric view of a bat with the barrel depicted as transparent for clarity, according to some embodiments of the disclosed technology; -
FIG. 2 is an exploded view of a bat, according to some embodiments of the disclosed technology; -
FIG. 3 is a partial cross-sectional side view of a bat, according to some embodiments of the disclosed technology; -
FIG. 4A is an isometric view of a deformable ring, according to some embodiments of the disclosed technology; -
FIG. 4B is a wireframe drawing of the deformable ring depicted inFIG. 4A , according to some embodiments of the disclosed technology; -
FIG. 4C is a wireframe drawing of a deformable ring, according to some embodiments of the disclosed technology; -
FIG. 4D is a wireframe drawing of a deformable ring, according to some embodiments of the disclosed technology; -
FIG. 5A is a cross-section of a deformable ring, according to some embodiments of the disclosed technology; -
FIG. 5B is a cross-section of a deformable ring, according to some embodiments of the disclosed technology; -
FIG. 6A is a graph illustrating performance of a bat incorporating an embodiment of the presently disclosed technology as compared to that of two prior art bats; -
FIG. 6B is a graph illustrating performance of a bat incorporating an embodiment of the presently disclosed technology as compared to that of two prior art bats; -
FIG. 7 is a graph illustrating a comparison of the compression and displacement of a prior art rigid washer and a deformable ring, according to some embodiments of the disclosed technology; and -
FIG. 8 is a cross-section of a deformable ring within a hollow barrel, according to some embodiments of the disclosed technology. - Throughout this disclosure, certain example embodiments are described in relation to bats including a plurality of rods and a deformable ring. Some embodiments of the disclosed technology will be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings. This disclosed technology may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. The components described hereinafter as making up various elements of the disclosed technology are intended to be illustrative and not restrictive. Many suitable components that would perform the same or similar functions as components described herein are intended to be embraced within the scope of the disclosed electronic devices and methods. Such other components not described herein may include, but are not limited to, for example, components developed after development of the disclosed technology.
- In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth. But it is to be understood that embodiments of the disclosed technology may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known methods, structures, and techniques have not been shown in detail in order not to obscure an understanding of this description. References to “one embodiment,” “an embodiment,” “example embodiment,” “some embodiments,” “certain embodiments,” “various embodiments,” etc., indicate that the embodiment(s) of the disclosed technology so described may include a particular feature, structure, or characteristic, but not every embodiment necessarily includes the particular feature, structure, or characteristic. Further, repeated use of the phrase “in one embodiment” does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, although it may.
- Throughout the specification and the claims, the following terms take at least the meanings explicitly associated herein, unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. The term “or” is intended to mean an inclusive “or.” Further, the terms “a,” “an,” and “the” are intended to mean one or more unless specified otherwise or clear from the context to be directed to a singular form.
- Unless otherwise specified, the use of the ordinal adjectives “first,” “second,” “third,” etc., to describe a common object, merely indicate that different instances of like objects are being referred to, and are not intended to imply that the objects so described should be in a given sequence, either temporally, spatially, in ranking, or in any other manner.
- According to some embodiments, the disclosed technology relates to a bat, such as baseball bat or a softball bat. In some embodiments, the bat can include a hollow barrel and an internal assembly that is configured to resist deformation of the hollow barrel, especially deformation of the hollow barrel upon impact with a ball, for example. In certain embodiments, the internal assembly can be configured to resist, but not entirely prevent, deformation of the bat upon contact the hollow barrel's inner wall with an outer edge or surface of the deformable ring. In certain embodiments, the internal assembly can include a deformable ring that is suspended within the hollow barrel by a plurality of rods that extend longitudinally within the hollow barrel.
-
FIG. 1 is an isometric view of abat 100 according to some embodiments of the disclosed technology. Thebat 100 can include abarrel 110, which is depicted as transparent inFIG. 1 to clearly show the internal components of thebat 100. In some embodiments, thebat 100 can include aninternal assembly 120, which can include one or moredeformable rings 130 and a plurality orrods 140. The deformable ring(s) 130 can be configured to limit (but not prevent) barrel flex at comparatively high impact forces while still allowing thebarrel 110 to freely flex at comparatively low impact forces. In certain embodiments, adeformable ring 130 can be placed at a location along the length of thebarrel 110 corresponding to the peak performance of thebat 100, or the bat's “sweet spot.” While some embodiments may include a singledeformable ring 130, other embodiments can include two, three, four, five, six, or more deformable rings 130. Increasing the number ofdeformable rings 130 can provide a more constant control of deformation of thehollow barrel 110 upon impact with a ball, but increasing the number deformable rings 130 can also increase the overall weight of thebat 100, which can negatively impact performance of thebat 100. To provide uniformity of deformation about the exterior diameter of thebat 100, some embodiments can include three ormore rods 140. For example, some embodiments can include three, four, five, six, ormore rods 140. Similar to the number ofdeformable rings 130 used, an increased number ofrods 140 can provide increased positional securely of thedeformable ring 130, but increasing the number ofrods 140 can increase the overall weight of thebat 100, which may negatively impact the performance of thebat 100. Accordingly, some embodiments can include as few as tworods 140, which can reduce the overall weight of thebat 100, but may do so at the cost of uniformity of deformation about the exterior diameter of thebat 100. Some embodiments can also include analignment insert 150, which can provide limited or no effect on the deformation of thehollow barrel 110. According to some embodiments, therods 140 can be solid. In some embodiments, therods 140 can be substantially hollow, such as is depicted inFIG. 2 . According to some embodiments, therods 140 can comprise carbon tubes. In certain embodiments, therods 140 can comprise metal, resin, carbon, or some mixture thereof. In some embodiments, eachrod 140 can have a diameter in the range of approximately 1 mm to approximately 50 mm. For example, some embodiments can includerods 140 having a diameter in the range of approximately 5 mm to approximately 30 mm. - In some embodiments, the
alignment insert 150 can have a shape that mirrors the interior shape of thehollow barrel 110. For example, thealignment insert 150 can have a substantially cylindrical shape. Alternately, thealignment insert 150 can have a frustoconical shape. Thealignment insert 150 can have an exterior diameter that is substantially equal to the interior diameter of thehollow barrel 110. Thealignment insert 150 can include a plurality of holes extending axially therethrough. Each hole of thealignment insert 150 can be positioned at a common radius from a center of thealignment insert 150, and in certain embodiments, the holes can be positioned equidistantly about a circumference corresponding to this common radius. Each hole of thealignment insert 150 can be dimensioned to receive acorresponding rod 140. Thealignment insert 150 can include a plurality of axially extending slits, and each slit can align with a corresponding hole of thealignment insert 150. Thus, each hole of thealignment insert 150 can be configured to receive arod 140 through the slit such that eachrod 140 is passed through a slit and into a corresponding hole in a radially inward direction. - The
alignment insert 150 can have other shapes. For example, thealignment insert 150 can have a plurality of lobes formed between adjacent niches, such as is shown inFIG. 1 . Each niche can correspond to arod 140 of theinternal assembly 120, and each niche can be configured to receive at least a portion of thecorresponding rod 140. Regardless of the shape, in some embodiments, thealignment insert 150 can be configured to substantially maintain therods 140 in a predetermined alignment and/or position. In addition, thealignment insert 150 can also provide subjective benefits regarding the sound of thebat 100 striking a ball (i.e., the ball-striking sound of abat 100 with analignment insert 150 can be more pleasing to a general audience than the ball-striking sound of abat 100 without an alignment insert 150). In some embodiments, thealignment insert 150 can comprise a light yet sturdy material. In some embodiments, thealignment insert 150 can comprise a polymer, copolymer, and/or foam, such as EVA foam. Thealignment insert 150 can include a central hole (e.g., as shown inFIG. 1 ), which can reduce the weight of the alignment insert 150 (and thus the overall weight of the bat 100). The central hole can be dimensioned such that weight is reduced without negatively impacting the necessary rigidity of thealignment insert 150 that is required to maintain therods 140 in alignment with other components of theinternal assembly 120 and/or other components of thebat 100. Certain embodiments can exclude thealignment insert 150. In some embodiments, thebat 100 can include anend cap 160. As discussed more fully below, in some embodiments, theend cap 160 can be configured to fit securely into a distal end of thebarrel 110 and can be configured to receive an end of each of a plurality ofrods 140 and maintain the end of eachrod 140 in a predetermined alignment and/or position. - Referring to
FIG. 2 , thedeformable ring 130 can include a circularouter wall 232 and a plurality ofholes 234, where eachhole 234 is configured to at least partially receive arod 140. In some embodiments, the circularouter wall 232 has an outer diameter that is less than an inner diameter of thehollow barrel 110 such that, upon impact of thehollow barrel 110 with a ball, thehollow barrel 110 is permitted to deform a predetermined amount or a predetermined distance before contacting the circularouter wall 232 of thedeformable ring 130. According to some embodiments, thedeformable ring 130 is configured to at least partially deform upon receiving force from the impact of thehollow barrel 110 with a ball via contact of thehollow barrel 110 with the circularouter wall 232 of thedeformable ring 130. In some embodiments, thedeformable ring 130 can be configured to return to its original shape subsequent to deforming. - According to certain embodiments, the
deformable ring 130 can include one ormore holes 234 that extend entirely through thedeformable ring 130. Eachhole 234 can be located in a correspondinginner lobe 436 of the deformable ring 130 (e.g., as shown inFIGS. 4A-4D ). In some embodiments, eachhole 234 of thedeformable ring 130 can be positioned at a common radius from a center of thedeformable ring 130, and in certain embodiments, theholes 234 can be positioned equidistantly about a circumference corresponding to this common radius. The positions of theholes 234 of thedeformable ring 130 can correspond to, and align with, the holes of thealignment insert 150. It should be understood that the circumference corresponding to the common radius does not necessarily correspond to a circumference of the circularouter wall 232. In some embodiments, when theholes 234 receive therods 140, thedeformable ring 130 can be positioned such that it is suspended within the hollow barrel, and in coaxial alignment with thehollow barrel 110, when thebat 100 is at rest (e.g., when thebat 100 is not striking a ball). As will be discussed more fully below, because the outer diameter of the deformable ring 130 (i.e., the diameter of the circular outer wall 232) can be less than the internal diameter of the portion of thehollow barrel 110 adjacent to thedeformable ring 130, a gap can be formed between thedeformable ring 130 and thehollow barrel 110. - In some embodiments, the
end cap 160 can include a number ofholes 262 that extend partially into theend cap 160. In some embodiments, eachhole 262 can correspond to arod 140. As shown inFIGS. 2 and 3 , in some embodiments, theend cap 160 can include multiple protrusions extending from an inner surface of theend cap 160 with each protrusion including apartial hole 262. This can permit theend cap 160 to comprise a relatively lower amount of material, which can decrease the overall weight of thebat 100. - Similar to the
holes 234 of thedeformable ring 130, in some embodiments, eachhole 262 of theend cap 160 can be positioned at a common radius from a center of theend cap 160, and in certain embodiments, theholes 234 can be positioned equidistantly about a circumference corresponding to this common radius. In certain embodiments, the common radius with respect to thedeformable ring 130 can be substantially equal to the common radius with respect to theend cap 160 and/or theholes 234 of thedeformable ring 130 such that eachrod 140 is substantially parallel to one another. In some embodiments, the common radius with respect to thedeformable ring 130 can be smaller than the common radius with respect to theend cap 160 such that eachrod 140 increasingly extends radially outward as therod 140 extends longitudinally from thedeformable ring 130 toward theend cap 160; in some embodiments, this configuration can providerods 140 that are substantially parallel to an outer wall of thehollow barrel 110 if thehollow barrel 110 increases in outer diameter from a proximate end to a distal end, but it should be understood that such a configuration of therods 140 is not limited to embodiments in which the diameter of thehollow barrel 110 changes. - In certain embodiments, the
end cap 160 can also include aprotrusion 264, which can correspond to anotch 212 located proximate the distal end of thehollow barrel 110. In some embodiments, theend cap 160 can be permanently attached to thehollow barrel 110. In certain embodiments, the end cap can be attached to the hollow barrel with an adhesive, such as a glue or epoxy. In certain embodiments, theend cap 160 can be detachably attachable to thehollow barrel 110. Embodiments including a detachablyattachable end cap 160 can permit multipleinternal assemblies 120 and endcaps 160 to be inserted into a singlehollow barrel 110, which can enable asingle bat 100 to be used in multiple leagues governed by rules requiring differing maximum performance metrics of bats. Thus, it should be appreciated that various components of theinternal assembly 120, theend cap 160, and/or any combination thereof are herein contemplated as being provided separately from all other structures discussed herein. For example, it is contemplated that various embodiments of thedeformable ring 130 can be provided separately from all other components discussed herein. - As shown throughout the figures, the designs disclosed herein utilize
multiple rods 140 as opposed to a single tube or rod (e.g., located along the central axis of the barrel 110). Such designs can permit thedeformable ring 130 to be more evenly displaced within the barrel 110 (i.e., translational movement of thedeformable ring 130 within the barrel 110) at impact. Such even displacement of thedeformable ring 130 can facilitate decreased performance restriction (e.g., as opposed to a rigid washer design) for all but the high-speed impacts (e.g., impacts at a sufficient force to cause thebarrel 110 to flex inward at the impact location such that the interior wall of thebarrel 110 near the impact location contacts thedeformable ring 130 and causes thedeformable ring 130 to contact the interior wall of thebarrel 110 opposite the impact location). Thus, such designs can limit the flex of the barrel 110 (and COR of the bat 100) at high-speed impacts, while permitting free flexing of thebarrel 110 at lower speeds and thus maximizing performance of thebat 100 at lower speeds. -
FIGS. 4A and 4B more clearly depict thedeformable ring 130 according to some embodiments, along with the circularouter wall 232 and holes 234. In some embodiments, one or more of theholes 234 can extend only partially into thedeformable ring 130 such that only an end of a rod can extend into thehole 234. Some embodiments can include a combination of complete (i.e., formed fully through the deformable ring 130) and partial (i.e., formed only partially through the deformable ring 130) holes 234. Referring toFIGS. 4C and 4D , in certain embodiments, the deformable ring can include one ormore holes 234 that extends partially into a first side (e.g., a top side) of thedeformable ring 130 and can include one ormore holes 234 that extends partially into a second side (e.g., a bottom side) of thedeformable ring 130 such that an end of afirst rod 140 can be inserted into the first side of thedeformable ring 130 and an end of asecond rod 140 can be inserted into the second side of thedeformable ring 130. In some embodiments, a given pair ofrods 140 on opposite sides of the deformable ring 130 (e.g., thefirst rod 140 inserted into the first side of thedeformable ring 130 and thesecond rod 140 inserted into the second side of the deformable ring 130) can be axially aligned with respect to one another, such as shown inFIG. 4C . In certain embodiments, one or more of therods 140 on opposite sides of thedeformable ring 130 can be axially offset with respect to one another, such as shown inFIG. 4D . - Referring to
FIGS. 5A and 5B , in some embodiments, a plurality ofdeformable rings 130 can be provided, and according to some embodiments, the outer diameter of eachdeformable ring 130 is the same. Thus, each of the plurality ofdeformable rings 130 can be used with the samehollow barrel 110. In some embodiments, the diameters of theholes 234 can be different fromdeformable ring 130 such thatrods 140 of differing diameters can be used, which can influence the deformability of thedeformable ring 130. In certain embodiments, the diameters of theholes 234 can be the same among alldeformable rings 130 such that thesame rods 140 can be used for all deformable rings 130. In some embodiments, the inner diameter of the deformable rings 130 can be adjusted to provide differing rigidities and thus differing deformability of thehollow barrel 110, ultimately resulting in differing performance characteristics of thebat 100. For example,FIG. 5A depicts adeformable ring 130A having an outer diameter and an inner diameter ID′, andFIG. 5B depicts adeformable ring 130B having the same outer diameter asdeformable ring 130A and having an inner diameter ID2, which is greater than the inner diameter ID1 ofdeformable ring 130A. Because deformable rings 130A and 130B have the same outer diameter and becausedeformable ring 130A has an inner diameter ID1 less than the inner diameter ID2 ofdeformable ring 130B,deformable ring 130A has a greater wall thickness than that ofdeformable ring 130B. Accordingly,deformable ring 130A is more rigid, and thus less deformable, thandeformable ring 130B. - In some embodiments, the
deformable ring 130 can have a thickness (e.g., height) in the range of approximately 1 mm (approximately 0.04 inch) to approximately 50 mm (approximately 2 inches). For example, in some embodiments, thedeformable ring 130 can have a thickness (e.g., height) in the range of approximately 1 mm (approximately 0.04 inch) to approximately 20 mm (approximately 0.8 inch). In certain embodiments, thedeformable ring 130 can have a radial thickness (e.g., the smallest thickness of a sidewall of the deformable ring) in the range of approximately 1 mm (approximately 0.04 inch) to approximately 50 mm (approximately 2 inches). For example, in some embodiments, thedeformable ring 130 can have a radial thickness in the range of approximately 5 mm (approximately 0.2 inch) to approximately 30 mm (approximately 1.2 inches). In some embodiments, the deformable ring can comprise one or more metals (e.g., aluminum), resin, one or more composite materials, one or more plastics (e.g., nylon), any combination thereof, or any other appropriate material(s). -
FIGS. 6A and 6B are graphs depicting the performance of three types of bats: a prior art bat having a rigid, washer-shaped ring, a prior art composite bat lacking any sort of internal ring structure, and a bat comprising the presently disclosed technology. As can be seen, the presently disclosed bat provides a batted ball speed that is higher than the normal composite bat and nearly as high as the bat including the washer-shaped ring at lower speeds and provides a batted ball speed that is higher than the bat including the washer-shaped ring and nearly as high as the normal composite bat at medium speeds. And at higher speeds, the presently disclosed bat provides a batted ball speed that is much higher than the bat including the washer-shaped ring. Thus, the presently disclosed can increase bat performance at a target force (e.g., to conform with controlling rules and regulations) while maintaining a high level of performance at forces beyond the target force. The increased overall performance of bats using adeformable ring 130 can be at least partly attributable to the unique balance of compression and displacement afforded by the disclosed technology. Referring toFIG. 7 , a rigid washer of a prior art bat can be displaced within the bat as the bat barrel is compressed only until the rigid washer is in contact with both the impact side and opposite side of the barrel, at which time no further displacement is possible. In contrast, thedeformable ring 130 of the disclosed technology can displace similarly but is also able to deform after contacting both the impact side and opposite side of the barrel. As can also be seen fromFIG. 7 , the degree of compression of thedeformable ring 130 can be altered based on the inner diameter of the deformable ring 130 (assuming a constant outer diameter). Stated otherwise, the thickness of the deformable ring's 130 outer wall can affect the degree of compression of thedeformable ring 130. - As shown in
FIG. 8 , thedeformable ring 130 can be suspended within thehollow barrel 110 such that a gap is formed between the circularouter wall 232 of thedeformable ring 130 and the interior surface of thehollow barrel 110. The magnitude of this gap (i.e., distance Dgap) can be altered to achieve a predetermined performance at various batted ball speeds. As will be appreciated, the outer surface of thedeformable ring 130 and/or the inner surface of thebarrel 110 may not be perfectly circular due to manufacturing limitations or other reasons. Thus, the gap distance Dgap can refer to an average gap distance Dgap between the outer surface of thedeformable ring 130 and the inner surface of thebarrel 110. - Optionally, a
compressible material 838 can be attached or affixed to theouter wall 232 of thedeformable ring 130. Thecompressible material 838 can help to reduce or eliminate vibrations that can cause an undesirable sound (e.g., a rattling sound) that may occur when thedeformable ring 130 contacts the inner surface of thebarrel 110. Thecompressible material 838 can be or include a fabric (e.g., felt), a foam (e.g., a low-density polyurethane foam), or any other compressible material. As will be appreciated, thecompressible material 838 can be highly compressible such that it can dampen, reduce, and/or remove audible rattling without inhibiting the benefits of thedeformable ring 130 as described herein. Thecompressible material 838 can be attached or affixed to theouter wall 232 of thedeformable ring 130 via adhesive (e.g., glue, epoxy, tape) or any type of attachment device. As a non-limiting example, thecompressible material 838 can be a tape (e.g., a felt tape, a foam tape) and can be adhered to theouter wall 232 of thedeformable ring 130. Alternatively or in addition, acompressible material 838 can be attached or affixed to the inner surface of thebarrel 110. Thecompressible material 838 can have a thickness that is less than the gap distance Dgap such that a gap exists between thecompressible material 838 and the inner surface of the barrel 110 (if thecompressible material 838 is attached to theouter wall 232 of the deformable ring 130) or between thecompressible material 838 and theouter wall 232 of the deformable ring 130 (if thecompressible material 838 is attached to the inner surface of the barrel 110). Alternatively, thecompressible material 838 can have a thickness that is approximately equal to the gap distance Dgap. Further, while thecompressible material 838 has heretofore been described as being attached to theouter wall 232 of thedeformable ring 130 and/or the inner surface of thebarrel 110, it is contemplated that thecompressible material 838 can be simply disposed between thedeformable ring 130 and thebarrel 110. For example, thecompressible material 838 can have a thickness that approximately equal to or greater than (e.g., slightly greater than) the gap distance Dgap such that the compressible material can be retained between thedeformable ring 130 and thebarrel 110 via friction forces and/or slight compression of thecompressible material 838. Regardless of its positioning, thecompressible material 838 can be positioned such that it prevents direct contact between thedeformable ring 130 and thebarrel 110. - Table 1 below refers to data resulting from experiments conducted using examples of the disclosed technology, including two samples having rings of differing wall thickness and the same outer diameter (i.e., having differing inner diameters) and three samples having different outer diameters. Each sample was tested with the same
hollow barrel 110, such that the difference between the inner diameter of thehollow barrel 110 and the outer diameter of each sampledeformable ring 130 results in a corresponding gap distance Dgap. Thebarrel 110 used in testing these samples had an inner diameter of approximately 50 mm (approximately 2 inches). Thus, as an example, the gap distance Dgap for Sample A, which included aring 130 having an outer diameter of 36 mm (approximately 1.4 inches), was approximately 7 mm (approximately 0.28 inches) (i.e., (50 mm outer diameter ofbarrel 110—36 mm outer diameter of deformable ring 130)÷2=7 mm Dgap for Sample A). The force values of Table 1 refer how much force was required to compress thebarrel 110 of each sample a constant, predetermined amount. For the purposes of these experiments, the predetermined displacement resulting from the compression of thebarrel 110 was 0.050±0.001 inch (1.3±0.025 mm). Ring wall thickness refers to the difference between the deformable ring's 130 outer diameter and largest inner diameter (see, e.g.,FIGS. 5A and 5B ), ring height refers to the height of thickness of eachdeformable ring 130, and ring location refers to the position of eachdeformable ring 130 with respect to the cap end of the barrel of the bat (i.e., each of the samples was located at a position 7 inches from the cap end of the barrel 110). Each sample was tested using a robotic batter at a low speed, a medium speed, and a high speed. -
TABLE 1 Ring Outer Ring Wall Ring Ring Force Diameter Thickness Height Location Sample (lbf) (mm) (mm) (mm) (in) A 255 36 4.0 10.0 7.0 B 251 40 4.5 10.0 7.0 C 249 44 5.0 10.0 7.0 D 250 40 3.0 10.0 7.0 - Table 2 below shows the batted ball speed resulting from impacts of some of the above sample bats with balls traveling at three different speeds prior to impact: low speed (55 km/h (approximately 34 mph)), medium speed (80 km/h (approximately 50 mph)), and high speed (125 km/h (approximately 78 mph)). To determine the batted ball speed in this data, a swing robot was used for testing (not a bat cannon), and the exit velocity of ball was then measured. As can be seen from the data, there is little difference between the performances of Samples A, B, and C at the low and medium speeds. At the high speed, however, the biggest gap resulted in the best performance. This could be because contact between the
barrel 110 and thedeformable ring 130 is comparatively delayed, thus permitting thebarrel 110 to flex farther and also spring back farther. -
TABLE 2 Sample 55 km/ h 80 km/ h 125 km/h A 49.9 74.2 119.6 B 49.9 74.1 118.1 C 50.1 74.0 118.1 - Table 3 below shows the batted ball speed resulting from impacts of some of the above sample bats with balls traveling at three different speeds prior to impact: low speed (55 km/h (approximately 34 mph)), medium speed (80 km/h (approximately 50 mph)), and high speed (105 km/h (approximately 65 mph)). As above, the batted ball speed in this data was determined during testing using a swing robot (not a bat cannon) and measuring the exit velocity of ball. Here, the data seems to indicate that a less stiff deformable ring 130 (e.g., having a thinner wall) provides comparatively increased performance.
-
TABLE 3 Sample 55 km/ h 80 km/ h 125 km/h B 49.9 74.1 97.6 D 50.7 74.3 99.2 - While certain embodiments of the disclosed technology have been described in connection with what is presently considered to be the most practical embodiments, it is to be understood that the disclosed technology is not to be limited to the disclosed embodiments, but on the contrary, is intended to cover various modifications and equivalent arrangements included within the scope of the appended claims. Although specific terms are employed herein, they are used in a generic and descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation.
- This written description uses examples to disclose certain embodiments of the disclosed technology, including the best mode, and also to enable any person skilled in the art to practice certain embodiments of the disclosed technology, including making and using any devices or systems and performing any incorporated methods. The patentable scope of certain embodiments of the disclosed technology is defined in the claims, and may include other examples that occur to those skilled in the art. Such other examples are intended to be within the scope of the claims if they have structural elements that do not differ from the literal language of the claims, or if they include equivalent structural elements with insubstantial differences from the literal language of the claims.
Claims (20)
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US17/223,126 US11524215B2 (en) | 2018-10-24 | 2021-04-06 | Bat system with performance limiting structure and methods of making same |
US18/079,319 US20230113166A1 (en) | 2018-10-24 | 2022-12-12 | Bat system with performance limiting structure and methods of making same |
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US201862749759P | 2018-10-24 | 2018-10-24 | |
US16/661,208 US10967235B2 (en) | 2018-10-24 | 2019-10-23 | Bat system with performance limiting structure and methods of making same |
US17/223,126 US11524215B2 (en) | 2018-10-24 | 2021-04-06 | Bat system with performance limiting structure and methods of making same |
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US11478686B2 (en) * | 2019-01-18 | 2022-10-25 | Rawlings Sporting Goods Company, Inc. | Bat with tunable insert |
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US11666812B2 (en) * | 2018-09-14 | 2023-06-06 | Rawlings Sporting Goods Company, Inc. | Bat having at least one disc along the length of the bat barrel |
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US1367492A (en) | 1920-03-19 | 1921-02-01 | George B Miles | Baseball-bat and method of making same |
US1665195A (en) | 1927-01-14 | 1928-04-03 | Cohn Edward | Reenforced safety bat |
US4951948A (en) | 1989-04-17 | 1990-08-28 | Peng Jung C | Shock absorbing bat |
US6767297B2 (en) | 2002-06-13 | 2004-07-27 | Jas. D. Easton, Inc. | Object striking implement vibration damping |
US7147580B2 (en) | 2004-01-12 | 2006-12-12 | Nutter Sports, L.L.C. | Warm-up bat |
US7927237B2 (en) | 2007-11-26 | 2011-04-19 | Craig D. Jenkins | Return machine for spherical gameballs and transport apparatus incorporating the same |
CA2711526C (en) | 2007-12-03 | 2015-11-24 | Hillerich & Bradsby Co. | Apparatus for deterring modification of sports equipment |
WO2011087483A1 (en) | 2009-12-22 | 2011-07-21 | Hillerich & Bradsby Co. | Ball bat with internal impact dampening means |
WO2015123594A2 (en) | 2014-02-13 | 2015-08-20 | Juan Rodriguez | Sliding handle training bat |
CN205460788U (en) | 2016-02-05 | 2016-08-17 | 锦美运动用品(东莞)有限公司 | Bat structure |
US10967235B2 (en) * | 2018-10-24 | 2021-04-06 | Mizuno Corporation | Bat system with performance limiting structure and methods of making same |
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US11478686B2 (en) * | 2019-01-18 | 2022-10-25 | Rawlings Sporting Goods Company, Inc. | Bat with tunable insert |
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