US20210206805A1 - Cardiac-specific targeting-peptide (ctp), compositions, and uses thereof - Google Patents

Cardiac-specific targeting-peptide (ctp), compositions, and uses thereof Download PDF

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US20210206805A1
US20210206805A1 US17/056,193 US201917056193A US2021206805A1 US 20210206805 A1 US20210206805 A1 US 20210206805A1 US 201917056193 A US201917056193 A US 201917056193A US 2021206805 A1 US2021206805 A1 US 2021206805A1
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ctp
peptide
seq
xaa
cargo
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Maliha Zahid
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University of Pittsburgh
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
    • G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
    • G01N33/58—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving labelled substances
    • G01N33/582—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving labelled substances with fluorescent label
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K7/00—Peptides having 5 to 20 amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof
    • C07K7/04—Linear peptides containing only normal peptide links
    • C07K7/08—Linear peptides containing only normal peptide links having 12 to 20 amino acids
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
    • A61K9/0019—Injectable compositions; Intramuscular, intravenous, arterial, subcutaneous administration; Compositions to be administered through the skin in an invasive manner
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P39/00—General protective or antinoxious agents
    • A61P39/06—Free radical scavengers or antioxidants
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
    • A61P9/06—Antiarrhythmics
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K7/00—Peptides having 5 to 20 amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof
    • C07K7/04—Linear peptides containing only normal peptide links
    • C07K7/06—Linear peptides containing only normal peptide links having 5 to 11 amino acids
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K2319/00—Fusion polypeptide
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K2319/00—Fusion polypeptide
    • C07K2319/01—Fusion polypeptide containing a localisation/targetting motif
    • C07K2319/10—Fusion polypeptide containing a localisation/targetting motif containing a tag for extracellular membrane crossing, e.g. TAT or VP22
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K2319/00—Fusion polypeptide
    • C07K2319/60—Fusion polypeptide containing spectroscopic/fluorescent detection, e.g. green fluorescent protein [GFP]
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12Y—ENZYMES
    • C12Y114/00—Oxidoreductases acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen (1.14)
    • C12Y114/99—Miscellaneous (1.14.99)
    • C12Y114/99003—Heme oxygenase (1.14.99.3)

Definitions

  • the invention relates generally to cardiac-specific targeting peptides (CTP)-mediated delivery of moieties having antiarrhythmic properties for treating Atrial fibrillation or Ventricular fibrillation, and CTP-mediated delivery of neuregulin-1 ⁇ for treating systolic heart failure (SHF).
  • CTP 6aa cardiac-specific targeting peptide
  • compositions of CTP 6aa use of the CTP 6aa or a composition thereof in methods of treating cardiac conditions
  • use of CTP 6aa in delivering molecular cargoes specifically to cells of the heart.
  • Atrial fibrillation also called AFib or AF
  • AFib AF
  • AF Atrial fibrillation
  • One of the most effective pharmaceutical therapies for AFib and VFib, amiodarone, has significant systemic toxicities leading to reduced long-term utilization of the drug.
  • the present disclosure addresses an unmet medical need for targeted delivery of cardiac therapeutics for treating AFib and/or VFib by delivering therapeutic agents directly to cardiomyocytes, thereby reducing off-target effects and increasing the use of existing, effective therapies.
  • PTD Protein transduction domains
  • the present disclosure provides a peptide comprising a twelve amino acid Cardiac-specific Targeting-Peptide (CTP 12aa ) having a sequence of Ala-Pro-Trp-His-Leu-Ser-Ser-Gln-Tyr-Ser-Arg-Thr (SEQ ID NO: 1), a six amino acid CTP (CTP 6aa ) having a sequence of SQYSRT (SEQ ID NO: 5), or a twelve amino acid CTP having a sequence of AAWHLSSQYSRT (SEQ ID NO: 2 (CTP-P2A)) linked to a moiety having antiarrhythmic properties (for example, amiodarone (IUPAC name: (2-butyl-1-benzofuran-3-yl)-[4-[2-(diethylamino)ethoxy]-3,5-diiodophenyl]methanone; molecular formula: C 25 H 29 I 2 NO 3 )).
  • a peptide comprising a CTP of SEQ ID NO: 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 28, 29, or 34 is linked to a moiety having antiarrhythmic properties.
  • Moieties with antiarrhythmic properties include compounds that can be grouped into 4 main classes of antiarrhythmics (classes I, II, III, and IV) under the Vaughan Williams classification scheme.
  • the Vaughan Williams classification scheme categorizes antiarrhythmics according to their dominant cellular electrophysiologic effect and mechanism of action.
  • Class I compounds include sodium channel blockers (membrane-stabilizing drugs) that can block fast sodium channels, slowing conduction in fast-channel tissues (for example, in working atrial and ventricular myocytes, and in the His-Purkinje system).
  • Class I compounds can be subdivided into subclasses a, b, and c, with subclass a compounds (for example, anticholinergics such as quinidine, procainamide, and disopyramide) having moderate effects, subclass b compounds (for example, lidocaine and lidocaine analogs, including tocainide and mexiletine) having weak effects, and subclass c compounds (for example, flecainide, propafenone, and moricizine) having strong effects.
  • subclass a compounds for example, anticholinergics such as quinidine, procainamide, and disopyramide
  • subclass b compounds for example, lidocaine and lidocaine analogs, including tocainide and mexiletine
  • Class II compounds include beta-blockers, which can affect predominantly slow-channel tissues (for example, sinoatrial (SA) and atrioventricular (AV) node tissues), by decreasing rate of automaticity, slowing conduction velocity, and prolonging refractoriness.
  • class II compounds include: carteolol, carvedilol, labetalol, nadolol, penbutolol, pindolol, propranolol, sotalol, timolol, acebutolol, atenolol, betaxolol, bisoprolol, esmolol, metoprolol, and nebivolol.
  • Class III compounds include potassium channel blockers, which can prolong action potential duration and refractoriness in slow-channel and fast-channel tissues.
  • Examples of class III compounds include: amiodarone, dronedarone, bretylium, sotalol, ibutilide, and dofetilide.
  • Class IV compounds include calcium channel blockers, for example, the dihydropyridine and non-dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers, that can depress calcium-dependent action potentials in slow-channel tissues, decreasing the rate of automaticity, slowing conduction velocity, and prolonging refractoriness.
  • Class IV dihydropyridine compounds include: amlodipine, felodipine, isradipine, nicardipine, nifedipine, nimodipine, and nitrendipine.
  • Class IV non-dihydropyridine compounds include: verapamil and diltiazem.
  • Moieties described herein having antiarrhythmic properties include active pharmaceutical compounds classified as class I antiarrhythmics, class II antiarrhythmics, class III antiarrhythmics, and class IV antiarrhythmics
  • Exemplary antiarrhythmics conjugated to a CTP of the present disclosure include: amiodarone (synonyms: Amiodarona, Amiodaronum, Cordarone, Pacerone), flecainide (Tambocor), (Corvert), lidocaine (Xylocaine), procainamide (Procan, Procanbid), propafenone (Rythmol), quinidine, and tocainide (Tonocarid).
  • the disclosure provides a method of treating an atrial arrhythmia and/or a ventricular arrhythmia (for example, premature ventricular contractions, ventricular tachycardia, atrial fibrillation, or ventricular fibrillation), where the method includes administering a peptide comprising a CTP (for example, a CTP of SEQ ID NO: 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 28, 29, or 34) linked to amiodarone to a patient, for example, a patient in need of treatment.
  • a CTP for example, a CTP of SEQ ID NO: 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 28, 29, or 34
  • a peptide comprising a CTP of SEQ ID NO: 1 is linked to a moiety having antiarrhythmic properties, for example amiodarone, and used in a method of treating cardiac tissue or a cardiac condition in a subject in need thereof.
  • a peptide comprising a CTP of SEQ ID NO: 2 is linked to a moiety having antiarrhythmic properties, for example amiodarone, and used in a method of treating cardiac tissue or a cardiac condition in a subject in need thereof.
  • a peptide comprising a CTP of SEQ ID NO: 5 is linked to a moiety having antiarrhythmic properties, for example amiodarone, and used in a method of treating cardiac tissue or a cardiac condition in a subject in need thereof.
  • the cardiac condition is an atrial arrhythmia, for example, atrial fibrillation.
  • the cardiac condition is a ventricular arrhythmia, for example, ventricular tachycardia.
  • a peptide comprising a CTP of SEQ ID NO: 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 28, 29, or 34 is linked to Neuregulin-1 ⁇ , and used in a method of treating cardiac tissue or a cardiac condition in a subject in need thereof.
  • the cardiac condition is systolic heart failure (SHF).
  • SHF systolic heart failure
  • the disclosure provides a method of treating heart failure, for example, SHF, where the method includes administering a peptide comprising a CTP (for example, a CTP of SEQ ID NO: 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 28, 29, or 34) linked to Neuregulin-1 ⁇ to a patient, for example, a patient in need of treatment.
  • the invention provides a peptide comprising a CTP 6aa comprising the sequence of Xaa 1 Xaa 2 Y Xaa 3 Xaa 4 T (SEQ ID NO: 4), in which Xaa 1 , Xaa 2 , Xaa 3 , and Xaa 4 is any naturally occurring amino acid, linked to a moiety having antiarrhythmic properties, for example amiodarone, or to Neuregulin-1 ⁇ . In some embodiments, a moiety having antiarrhythmic properties or Neuregulin-1 ⁇ is linked upstream of the N-terminus of the CTP 6aa . In certain embodiments, Xaa 1 in the CTP 6aa SEQ ID NO: 4 is serine (S).
  • Xaa 2 in the CTP 6aa of SEQ ID NO: 4 is glutamine (Q).
  • Xaa 3 in the CTP 6aa of SEQ ID NO: 4 is serine (S).
  • Xaa 4 in the CTP 6aa of ID SEQ NO: 4 is arginine (R).
  • Xaa 1 and Xaa 2 in the CTP 6aa of SEQ ID NO: 4 are serine (S) and glutamine (Q), respectively.
  • Xaa 1 and Xaa 3 in the CTP 6aa of SEQ ID NO: 4 are both serine (S).
  • Xaa 1 and Xaa 4 in the CTP 6aa of SEQ ID NO: 4 are serine (S) and arginine (R), respectively.
  • Xaa 2 and Xaa 3 in the CTP 6aa of ID SEQ NO:4 are glutamine (Q) and serine (S), respectively.
  • the CTP 6aa comprises the sequence SQYSRT (SEQ ID NO: 5).
  • a peptide comprising a CTP 6aa comprising the sequence of Xaa 1 Xaa 2 W Xaa 3 Xaa 4 T (SEQ ID NO: 23), in which Xaa 1 , Xaa 2 , Xaa 3 , and Xaa 4 is any naturally occurring amino acid, is linked to a moiety having antiarrhythmic properties, for example amiodarone, or to Neuregulin-1 ⁇ .
  • the invention provides a peptide comprising a CTP 6aa comprising the sequence of S Q Xaa 1 S R Xaa 2 (SEQ ID NO: 6) linked to a moiety having antiarrhythmic properties, for example, amiodarone.
  • a moiety having antiarrhythmic properties for example amiodarone, is linked upstream of the N-terminus of the CTP 6aa .
  • the invention provides a peptide comprising a CTP 6aa comprising the sequence of S Q Xaa 1 S R Xaa 2 (SEQ ID NO: 6) linked to Neuregulin-1 ⁇ .
  • Neuregulin-1 ⁇ is linked upstream of the N-terminus of the CTP 6aa .
  • Xaa 1 in the CTP 6aa of SEQ ID NO: 6 is alanine (A) and the CTP 6aa comprises the sequence of SQASRXaa 2 (SEQ ID NO: 7), or optionally, Xaa 1 in the CTP 6aa of SEQ ID NO: 6 is tryptophan (W) and the CTP 6aa comprises the sequence of SQWSRXaa 2 (SEQ ID NO: 8), or Xaa 1 in the CTP 6aa of SEQ ID NO: 6 is tyrosine (Y) and the CTP 6aa comprises the sequence of SQYSRXaa 2 (SEQ ID NO: 9).
  • Xaa 2 in the CTP 6aa of SEQ ID NO: 6 is threonine (T), and Xaa 1 in the CTP 6aa of SEQ ID NO: 6 is alanine (A), tryptophan (W), or tyrosine (Y) comprising the sequence of SQASRT (SEQ ID NO: 10), SQWSRT (SEQ ID NO: 11), or SQYSRT (SEQ ID NO: 5), respectively.
  • Xaa 2 in the CTP 6aa of SEQ ID NO: 6 is alanine (A).
  • Xaa 1 in the CTP 6aa of SEQ ID NO: 6 is tyrosine (Y) and Xaa 2 is alanine (A).
  • the CTP 6aa comprises the sequence SQYSRT (SEQ ID NO: 5).
  • a peptide comprising a CTP 6aa of SEQ ID NO: 4 and SEQ ID NO: 6, for example SEQ ID NO: 5, is a recombinant or synthetically prepared peptide.
  • a second peptide sequence, protein, or small molecule is linked upstream of the N-terminus of the CTP (CTP 12aa , CTP 6aa , or CTP-P2A).
  • the linked peptide can include an ester linkage between the CTP and the second peptide sequence, protein, or small molecule, and the ester linkage can only be cleaved by an intracellular esterase.
  • a peptide comprising a CTP (CTP 12aa , CTP 6aa , or CTP-P2A) linked to a moiety having antiarrhythmic properties, for example amiodarone is optionally further labelled at both the C- and N-termini.
  • the peptide is labelled with a green fluorescent moiety, for example, 6-carboxyfluorosceine, and a red fluorescent moiety, for example, Cy5.5.
  • the peptide is labelled with a green fluorescent moiety at its N-terminus and a red fluorescent moiety at its C-terminus.
  • the peptide is labelled with a red fluorescent moiety at its N-terminus and a green fluorescent moiety at its C-terminus.
  • any of the foregoing CTP peptides of SEQ ID NOs: 1-35 may, for example, be conjugated to a water-soluble polymer, e.g., polyethylene glycol (PEG).
  • the CTP 6aa of SEQ ID NO: 5 is conjugated to a water-soluble polymer, e.g., polyethylene glycol (PEG).
  • the invention provides an isolated nucleic acid comprising a nucleotide sequence encoding any one of the foregoing CTP peptides of SEQ ID NOs: 1-35.
  • the nucleotide sequence is codon optimized for expression in a host cell, e.g., an Escherichia coli cell.
  • the invention also provides an expression vector that comprises any one of the foregoing nucleotide sequences.
  • the invention provides host cells, e.g., Escherichia coli cells, comprising one or more of the foregoing expression vectors.
  • the peptide can be produced in isolation in expression vectors or as a fusion peptide/protein at the C-terminus of the peptide/protein to be delivered, either with an intervening ester linkage or in continuity.
  • the invention provides a pharmaceutical composition
  • a pharmaceutical composition comprising a peptide and any variants of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-35, and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and/or an excipient.
  • the peptide may be in a soluble form or in a crystal form.
  • the composition may comprise a pH increasing agent.
  • the pharmaceutical composition may, for example, be formulated as an oral dosage form or a parenteral dosage form.
  • the composition is formulated as a powder, granulate, pellet, micropellet, or a minitablet that can be orally administered, or as a lyophilized powder that can be reconstituted in normal saline or deiodized water for intravenous injection.
  • FIG. 1A , FIG. 1B , FIG. 1C , and FIG. 1D are bar graphs that quantify the fluorescence intensity of H9C2 cells transduced with cardiac-specific targeting peptide alanine mutants labeled with Cy5.5.
  • the sequence for each indicated alanine mutant is provided in Table 2.
  • FIG. 2 is a series of bar graphs that show the transduction efficiencies and viability of various cell types incubated with Cy5.5 labeled cardiac-specific targeting peptide variants.
  • FIG. 2A shows the transduction of H9C2 cells in a first experiment.
  • FIG. 2B shows the transduction of H9C2 cells in a second experiment.
  • FIG. 2C shows the transduction of H9C2 cells and MEF cells.
  • FIG. 2D shows the transduction of H9C2 and 3T3 cells.
  • FIG. 2E shows the viability of H9C2 cells and MEF cells transduced with the Cy5.5 labeled cardiac-specific targeting peptide variants.
  • CTP Fral Length: NH 2 -APWHLSSQYSRT-COOH (SEQ ID NO: 1); CTP-A: NH 2 -APWHLS-COOH (SEQ ID NO: 24); CTP-B: NH 2 -SQYSRT-COOH (CTP 6aa ; SEQ ID NO: 5); cyclic: cyclized version of the indicated peptide; CTP-Random: random, linear, 12-amino acid peptide (RAN: NH 2 -STLMKFCYVEQN-COOH ((SEQ ID NO: 26)); DMSO: Dimethyl sulfoxide.
  • FIG. 3 shows delivery of a rhodamine cargo to the intracellular compartments of cardiomyocytes when the rhodamine cargo is conjugated at the C-terminus of full-length CTP (e.g., CTP 6aa )
  • CTP 6aa full-length CTP
  • FIG. 3D is a dark-field image of the cell architecture. Scale bars represent 30 ⁇ m.
  • FIG. 4 is a series of bar graphs that show the transduction efficiencies of H9C2 cells incubated with Cy5.5 labeled cardiac-specific targeting peptide variants.
  • CTP Full Length: NH 2 -APWHLSSQYSRT-COOH (SEQ ID NO: 1);
  • CTP-A NH 2 -APWHLS-COOH (SEQ ID NO: 24);
  • CTP-B NH 2 -SQYSRT-COOH (CTP 6aa ; SEQ ID NO: 5);
  • cyclic cyclized version of the peptide;
  • RAN a random, linear, 12-amino acid peptide (RAN: NH 2 -STLMKFCYVEQN-COOH (SEQ ID NO: 26));
  • DMSO Dimethyl sulfoxide.
  • FIG. 5 is a bar graph showing Cy5.5 intensity (arbitrary units (“AU”)) in mouse myocardial tissue at various time points (15, 30, 45, 60, 90 or 360 minutes) post-injection of CTP-Cy5.5 or a control random peptide sequence fused to Cy5.5 (RAN-Cy5.5).
  • AU arbitrary units
  • FIG. 6A and FIG. 6B are bar graphs showing average fluorescent intensity measured in heart tissue injected with CTP constructs (CTP, CTP-B, H4A, or P2A) or random control peptide sequence (RAN).
  • CTP constructs CTP, CTP-B, H4A, or P2A
  • RAN random control peptide sequence
  • the invention is based, in part, upon the unexpected discovery of a six amino acid cardiac-specific targeting-peptide (CTP 6aa ) with efficient cardiac-tissue specific transduction/cell penetration property, and, in effect, efficient cardiac-tissue specific cargo-delivery and therapeutic properties.
  • CTP 6aa of the present disclosure has fewer amino acids than the full-length CTP described in U.S. Pat. No. 9,249,184, and, therefore, would be less immunogenic than the full-length CTP.
  • the present disclosure provides that the CTP 6aa of the present disclosure would be advantageous, compared to the full-length CTP or an N-terminus fragment of the CTP, in delivering a cargo and/or a therapeutic agent to the cardiac tissue of a mammalian subject (e.g., human).
  • a mammalian subject e.g., human
  • the present disclosure provides a CTP peptide of Table 1 herein below, linked to a therapeutic moiety for treating a cardiac disease and/or condition.
  • the CTP of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-35 is a recombinant or synthetically prepared peptide.
  • CTP 6aa Six Amino Acid Cardiac-Specific Targeting-Peptide (CTP 6aa )
  • CTP Cardiac Targeting Peptides
  • the CTP specifically targets cardiac tissue.
  • “Specifically targets cardiac tissue” means that when said CTP, linked to a cargo molecule to form a CTP-cargo complex, is injected into a mammal, the CTP-cargo complex is transduced into cardiac tissue at much higher levels than it is transduced into other tissues, such as, for example, liver, kidney, lung, skeletal muscle, or brain.
  • the ratio of transduction of a CTP that “specifically targets cardiac tissue” into cardiac tissue relative to liver, kidney, lung, skeletal muscle or brain is at least 2:1 or is at least 3:1.
  • the invention is based, in part, upon the discovery of a six amino acid Cardiac-specific Targeting-Peptide (CTP 6aa ) comprising the sequence of Xaa 1 Xaa 2 Y Xaa 3 Xaa 4 T (SEQ ID NO: 4).
  • CTP 6aa Cardiac-specific Targeting-Peptide
  • Xaa 1 in the CTP 6aa of SEQ ID NO: 4 is serine (S).
  • Xaa 2 in the CTP 6aa of SEQ ID NO: 4 is glutamine (Q).
  • Xaa 3 in the CTP 6aa of SEQ ID NO: 4 is serine (S).
  • Xaa 4 in the CTP 6aa of SEQ ID NO: 1 is arginine (R).
  • Xaa 1 and Xaa 2 in the CTP 6aa of SEQ ID NO: 4 are serine (S) and glutamine (Q), respectively.
  • Xaa 1 and Xaa 3 in the CTP 6aa of SEQ ID NO: 4 are both serine (S).
  • Xaa 1 and Xaa 4 in the CTP 6aa of SEQ ID NO: 4 are serine (S) and arginine (R), respectively.
  • Xaa 2 and Xaa 3 in the CTP 6aa of SEQ ID NO: 4 are glutamine (Q) and serine (S), respectively.
  • the CTP 6aa comprises the sequence SQYSRT (SEQ ID NO: 5).
  • the invention is based, in part, upon the discovery of a six amino acid Cardiac-specific Targeting-Peptide (CTP 6aa ) comprising the sequence of S Q Xaa 1 S R Xaa 2 (SEQ ID NO: 6).
  • CTP 6aa Cardiac-specific Targeting-Peptide
  • Xaa 1 in the CTP 6aa of SEQ ID NO: 6 is alanine (A) and the CTP 6aa comprises the sequence of SQASRXaa 2 (SEQ ID NO: 7), or optionally, Xaa 1 in the CTP 6aa of SEQ ID NO: 6 is tryptophan (W) and the CTP 6aa comprises the sequence of SQWSRXaa 2 (SEQ ID NO: 8), or Xaa 1 in the CTP 6aa of SEQ ID NO: 6 is tyrosine (Y) and the CTP 6aa comprises the sequence of SQYSRXaa 2 (SEQ ID NO: 8).
  • Xaa 2 in the CTP 6aa of SEQ ID NO: 6 is threonine (T), and Xaa 1 in the CTP 6aa of SEQ ID NO: 6 is alanine (A), tryptophan (W), or tyrosine (Y) comprising the sequence of SQASRT (SEQ ID NO: 10), SQWSRT (SEQ ID NO: 11), or SQYSRT (SEQ ID NO: 5), respectively.
  • Xaa 2 in the CTP 6aa of SEQ ID NO: 6 is alanine (A).
  • Xaa 1 in the CTP 6aa of SEQ ID NO: 6 is tyrosine (Y) and Xaa 2 is alanine (A).
  • the CTP 6aa comprises the sequence SQYSRT (SEQ ID NO: 5).
  • the CTP 6aa of SEQ ID NO: 4 and SEQ ID NO: 6, for example SEQ ID NO: 5, is a recombinant or synthetically prepared peptide.
  • CTP 6aa of SEQ ID NO: 4, 6, 7, 8, 5, 9, 10, or 11 is conjugated to a nanoparticle.
  • the CTP 6aa of SEQ ID NO: 5 is conjugated to a nanoparticle.
  • the CTP 6aa has an isoelectric point at between pH 8 and pH 9. In certain non-limiting embodiments, the CTP 6aa peptide has an isoelectric point at pH 8.56.
  • the CTP 6aa has an average hydrophilicity index of between ⁇ 0.2 and ⁇ 0.6. In certain non-limiting embodiments, the CTP 6aa peptide has an average hydrophilicity index of ⁇ 0.4.
  • the CTP of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-35 is comprised of (L) amino acids.
  • the CTP of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-35 is comprised of (D) amino acids.
  • any of the foregoing CTP peptides of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-35 may be isolated.
  • the CTP 6aa of SEQ ID NO: 1, 2, or 5 is isolated.
  • the invention provides CTP 6aa comprising at least one (for example, one or two) mutation(s) at a position corresponding to wild type CTP 6aa of SEQ ID NO: 5, wherein the at least one mutation is present at position 3 or 6.
  • the mutation may be a conservative substitution relative to wild type CTP 6aa of SEQ ID NO: 5, whereas in certain other embodiments, the mutation may be non-conservative substitutions relative to wild type CTP 6aa of SEQ ID NO: 5.
  • conservative substitution refers to a substitution with a structurally similar amino acid.
  • Non conservative substitutions are amino acid substitutions that are not conservative substitutions.
  • a CTP 6aa of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 5-9, for example SEQ ID NO: 5 has higher transducing/penetrating activity than that of SEQ ID NO: 1 or 24.
  • a CTP 6aa of SEQ ID NO: 5 or 6 may have from 2-50 fold higher transducing activity than that of SEQ ID NO: 1 or 24.
  • the CTP 6aa of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 5-9, for example SEQ ID NO: 5, has from about 2 to about 50, from about 2 to about 40, from about 2 to about 30, from about 2 to about 20, from about 2 to about 10, from about 2 to about 5, from about 5 to about 50, from about 5 to about 40, from about 5 to about 30, from about 5 to about 20, from about 5 to about 10, from about 10 to about 50, from about 10 to about 40, from about 10 to about 30, from about 10 to about 20, from about 20 to about 50, from about 20 to about 40, from about 20 to about 30, from about 30 to about 50, from about 30 to about 40, from about 40 to about 50, about 2, about 5, about 10, about 20, about 30, about 40, or about 50 fold higher transducing activity than that of SEQ ID NO: 1 or 2.
  • a disclosed CTP of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-35 may be modified, engineered or chemically conjugated.
  • a disclosed CTP of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-35, for example SEQ ID NO: 1, 2, or 5 can be conjugated to an effector agent using standard in vitro conjugation chemistries.
  • the effector agent is another polypeptide
  • the CTP of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-35, for example SEQ ID NO: 1, 2, or 5 can be chemically conjugated to the effector or joined to the effector as a fusion protein. Construction of fusion proteins is within ordinary skill in the art.
  • a disclosed CTP of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-35 can be modified with a moiety that improves its stabilization and/or retention in circulation, e.g., in blood, serum, or other tissues.
  • a disclosed CTP of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-35, for example SEQ ID NO: 1, 2, or 5 may be conjugated to a polymer, e.g., a substantially non-antigenic polymer, such as a polyalkylene oxide or a polyethylene oxide.
  • a disclosed CTP of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-35, for example SEQ ID NO: 1, 2, or 5, is conjugated to a water-soluble polymer, e.g., a hydrophilic polyvinyl polymer, e.g., polyvinylalcohol or polyvinylpyrrolidone.
  • a water-soluble polymer e.g., a hydrophilic polyvinyl polymer, e.g., polyvinylalcohol or polyvinylpyrrolidone.
  • examples of such polymers include polyalkylene oxide homopolymers such as polyethylene glycol (PEG) or polypropylene glycols, polyoxyethylenated polyols, copolymers thereof and block copolymers thereof.
  • Additional useful polymers include polyoxyalkylenes such as polyoxyethylene, polyoxypropylene, and block copolymers of polyoxyethylene and polyoxypropylene, polymethacrylates, carbomers, and branched or unbranched polysaccharides.
  • the CTP 6aa of SEQ ID NO: 4, 6, 7, 8, 5, 9, 10, or 11 is conjugated to a detectable agent.
  • the CTP 6aa of SEQ ID NO: 5 is conjugated to a detectable agent.
  • the CTP 6aa of SEQ ID NO: 4, 6, 7, 8, 5, 9, 10, or 11 is conjugated to a detectable agent via an ester linkage.
  • the CTP 6aa of SEQ ID NO: 4, 6, 7, 8, 5, 9, 10, or 11 is conjugated to a radionuclide or radioactive moiety, biotin, luciferase, an enzyme, rhodamine, a fluorophore, nanoparticle, microbubbles, liposomes or a luminescent moiety.
  • the CTP 6aa of SEQ ID NO: 5 is conjugated to a radionuclide or radioactive moiety, biotin, luciferase, an enzyme, rhodamine, a fluorophore, nanoparticle, microbubbles, liposomes or a luminescent moiety.
  • the CTP 6aa of SEQ ID NO: 4, 6, 7, 8, 5, 9, 10, or 11 is conjugated to a radionuclide or radioactive moiety, biotin, luciferase, an enzyme, rhodamine, a fluorophore, nanoparticle, microbubbles, liposomes or a luminescent moiety, via an ester linkage.
  • the present disclosure provides a method of imaging or detecting a tissue, comprising administering an effective amount of a composition comprising the detectable agent-conjugated CTP 6aa of SEQ ID NO: 4, 6, 7, 8, 5, 9, 10, or 11 to a subject; exposing the subject to conditions conducive to detection of the CTP 6aa conjugate; and obtaining an image.
  • the detectable agent-conjugated CTP 6aa of SEQ ID NO: 5 is used in a method of imaging or detecting a tissue.
  • the present disclosure provides a CTP 6aa of SEQ ID NO: 4, 6, 7, 8, 5, 9, 10, or 11 formulated as a delivery vehicle/agent.
  • the CTP 6aa of SEQ ID NO: 4, 6, 7, 8, 5, 9, 10, or 11 is conjugated to a drug or therapeutic, a nanoparticle, a peptide, a protein, or a detectable agent.
  • the CTP 6aa of SEQ ID NO: 4, 6, 7, 8, 5, 9, 10, or 11 is conjugated to a drug or therapeutic, a nanoparticle, a peptide, a protein, or a detectable agent via an ester linkage.
  • the CTP 6aa of SEQ ID NO: 5 is formulated as a delivery vehicle/agent.
  • the CTP 6aa of SEQ ID NO: 4, 6, 7, 8, 5, 9, 10, or 11 is linked/conjugated to the drug or therapeutic, the nanoparticle, the peptide, the protein, or the detectable agent via an ester linkage, disulfide or protease sensitive linkers.
  • the CTP 6aa of SEQ ID NO: 5 is linked/conjugated to the drug or therapeutic, the nanoparticle, the peptide, the protein, or the detectable agent via an ester linkage, disulfide, or protease sensitive linkers.
  • the nanoparticle conjugated to the CTP 6aa of SEQ ID NO: 4, 6, 7, 8, 5, 9, 10, or 11 comprises a drug or therapeutic agent selected from an antibody or fragment thereof, SB239063, superoxide dismutase, HGF, FGF-1, FGF-2, an NF- ⁇ B inhibitor, NSD peptide, heme oxygenase, an antioxidant, iNOS, S100A1, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, a TGF ⁇ inhibitor, VEGF, sonic hedgehog protein, HGF, an IAP, prostaglandin, Pyrvinium Pamoate, and Diprotin A, Szeto-Schiller peptide, cyclosporine, amiodarone.
  • a drug or therapeutic agent selected from an antibody or fragment thereof, SB239063, superoxide dismutase, HGF, FGF-1, FGF-2, an NF- ⁇ B inhibitor, NSD peptide, heme oxygenase, an antioxidant, iNOS, S
  • the present disclosure provides a method of treating cardiac tissue or a cardiac condition in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a composition comprising the CTP 6aa of SEQ ID NO: 4, 6, 7, 8, 5, 9, 10, or 11.
  • the CTP 6aa of SEQ ID NO: 5 is used in a method of treating cardiac tissue or a cardiac condition in a subject in need thereof.
  • the present disclosure provides a method of introducing a cargo into a cardiac muscle cell comprising administering, to the cardiac muscle cell, an amount of a complex comprising the CTP 6aa of SEQ ID NO: 4, 6, 7, 8, 5, 9, 10, or 11 linked to a cargo effective to introduce the cargo into the muscle cell.
  • the cargo comprises a radioisotope, fluorescent marker, gadolinium marker, luciferase marker, microsphere or nanoparticle.
  • the CTP 6aa of SEQ ID NO: 5 is used in a method of introducing a cargo into a cardiac muscle cell.
  • the CTP 6aa of SEQ ID NO: 4, 6, 7, 8, 5, 9, 10, or 11 is conjugated to the cargo via an ester linkage.
  • the present disclosure provides a method of treating a human subject suffering from a myocardial infarction, comprising introducing a cargo into a cardiac muscle cell of the human subject comprising administering, to the human subject, a therapeutically effective amount of a complex comprising the CTP 6aa of SEQ ID NO: 4, 6, 7, 8, 5, 9, 10, or 11 linked to a cargo, where the cargo inhibits cell death, inhibits arrhythmias, improves contractility, lengthens subject survival, or a combination thereof.
  • the cargo is selected from an NF- ⁇ B inhibitor, NSD peptide, heme oxygenase, an antioxidant, iNOS, S100A1, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, a TGF ⁇ inhibitor, VEGF, FGF-1, FGF-2, sonic hedgehog protein, HGF and an IAP.
  • the CTP 6aa of SEQ ID NO: 5 is used in a method of treating a human subject suffering from a myocardial infarction.
  • the CTP 6aa of SEQ ID NO: 4, 6, 7, 8, 5, 9, 10, or 11 is conjugated to the cargo via an ester linkage.
  • the present disclosure provides a method of treating a human subject suffering from a myocardial infarction, comprising introducing a cargo into a cardiac muscle cell of the human subject comprising administering, to the human subject, a therapeutically effective amount of a complex comprising the CTP 6aa of SEQ ID NO: 4, 6, 7, 8, 5, 9, 10, or 11 linked to a cargo, wherein the cargo inhibits cell death, inhibits arrhythmias, improves contractility, lengthens subject survival, or a combination thereof.
  • the cargo is selected from an NF- ⁇ B inhibitor, NBD peptide, heme oxygenase, an antioxidant, iNOS, S100A1, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, a TGF ⁇ inhibitor, VEGF, FGF-1, FGF-2, sonic hedgehog protein, HGF and an IAP.
  • the CTP 6aa of SEQ ID NO: 4, 6, 7, 8, 5, 9, 10, or 11 is linked/conjugated to the cargo via an ester linkage.
  • the present disclosure provides a method of treating a subject suffering from a metabolic defect that damages the heart comprising introducing a cargo into a cardiac muscle cell of the human subject comprising administering, to the subject, a therapeutically effective amount of a complex comprising the CTP 6aa of SEQ ID NO: 4, 6, 7, 8, 5, 9, 10, or 11 linked to a cargo, wherein the cargo corrects the metabolic defect.
  • the metabolic defect is Gaucher's disease and the cargo is glucocerebrosidase.
  • the CTP 6aa of SEQ ID NO: 5 is used in a method of treating a subject suffering from a metabolic defect that damages the heart.
  • the CTP 6aa of SEQ ID NO: 4, 6, 7, 8, 5, 9, 10, or 11 is linked/conjugated to the cargo via an ester linkage.
  • the present disclosure provides a method of treating a subject suffering from a metabolic defect that damages the heart comprising introducing a cargo into a cardiac muscle cell of the human subject comprising administering, to the subject, a therapeutically effective amount of a complex comprising the CTP 6aa of SEQ ID NO: 4, 6, 7, 8, 5, 9, 10, or 11 linked to a cargo, where the cargo corrects the metabolic defect.
  • the metabolic defect is Gaucher's disease and the cargo is glucocerebrosidase.
  • the CTP 6aa of SEQ ID NO: 5 is used in a method of treating a subject suffering from a metabolic defect that damages the heart.
  • the CTP 6aa of SEQ ID NO: 4, 6, 7, 8, 5, 9, 10, or 11 is linked/conjugated to the cargo via an ester linkage.
  • the present disclosure provides a method of introducing a detectable cargo into a cardiac muscle cell comprising administering, to the cardiac muscle cell, an amount of a complex comprising the CTP 6aa of SEQ ID NO: 4, 6, 7, 8, 5, 9, 10, or 11 linked to a cargo effective to introduce the cargo into the muscle cell, wherein the cargo comprises a detectable compound.
  • the detectable compound comprises a detectable radioisotope, fluorescent marker, gadolinium marker, or luciferase marker.
  • the CTP 6aa of SEQ ID NO: 5 is used in a method of introducing a detectable cargo into a cardiac muscle cell.
  • the CTP 6aa of SEQ ID NO: 4, 6, 7, 8, 5, 9, 10, or 11 is linked/conjugated to the cargo via an ester linkage.
  • the present disclosure provides a method of introducing a detectable cargo into a cardiac muscle cell comprising administering, to the cardiac muscle cell, an amount of a complex comprising the CTP 6aa of SEQ ID NO: 4, 6, 7, 8, 5, 9, 10, or 11 linked to a cargo effective to introduce the cargo into the muscle cell, wherein the cargo comprises a detectable compound.
  • the detectable compound comprises a detectable radioisotope, fluorescent marker, gadolinium marker, or luciferase marker.
  • the CTP 6aa of SEQ ID NO: 5 is used in a method of introducing a detectable cargo into a cardiac muscle cell.
  • the CTP 6aa of SEQ ID NO: 4, 6, 7, 8, 5, 9, 10, or 11 is conjugated to the cargo via an ester linkage.
  • the invention provides a CTP 6aa of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 5-9, for example SEQ ID NO: 5, having a higher level of cardiac transduction compared to the transduction of a peptide of SEQ ID NO: 1 or SEQ ID NO: 24, for example, under the conditions set forth in Example 1.
  • any of the foregoing CTP 6aa peptides of SEQ ID NOs: 4-11 may, for example, have 5-20 fold higher transducing capacity, compared to a peptide of SEQ ID NO: 1 or SEQ ID NO: 24.
  • the CTP of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-35, for example SEQ ID NO: 5, is linked with a cargo molecule to form a complex, optionally via a linker molecule or molecules.
  • the cargo molecule may be a protein (including a glycoprotein), a nucleic acid, a carbohydrate, a lipid, or a combination thereof.
  • the cargo molecule is an active pharmaceutical ingredient, for example, an active pharmaceutical ingredient with antiarrhythmic properties.
  • a cargo molecule is a class I antiarrhythmic compound (for example, a subclass a compound, a subclass b compound, or a subclass c compound), a class II antiarrhythmic compound, a class III antiarrhythmic compound, a class IV antiarrhythmic compound, a sodium channel blocker, an anticholinergic compound, quinidine, ajmaline, hydroquinidine, lorajmine, prajmaline, sparteine, procainamide, disopyramide, lidocaine, a lidocaine analog, phenytoin, tocainide, mexiletine, flecainide, indecainide, lorcainide, encainide, ethacizine, propafenone, moracizine, a beta-blocker, carteolol, carvedilol, labetalol, nadolol, penbutolol, pindolo
  • the cargo is a protein.
  • the protein is selected from the group consisting of a cytokine, a growth factor, an enzyme, an ion channel, and an anti-inflammatory protein.
  • the cargo is an antioxidant.
  • the cargo is a nucleic acid.
  • nucleic acid include DNA, RNA, antisense RNA, interfering RNA, microRNA, catalytic RNA, and catalytic DNA.
  • CTP Cardiac Targeting Peptides
  • the N-terminus of a CTP 12aa comprising the sequence of APWHLSSQYSRT (SEQ ID NO: 1), a CTP 6aa having a sequence of SQYSRT (SEQ ID NO: 5), or a CTP 12aa having a sequence of AAWHLSSQYSRT (SEQ ID NO: 2 (CTP-P2A)) is linked/conjugated to Neuregulin-1 ⁇ -CTP or a moiety having antiarrhythmic properties, for example amiodarone.
  • the CTP is linked/conjugated to a second a moiety having antiarrhythmic properties, for example amiodarone.
  • the CTP linked to a therapeutic moiety specifically targets cardiac tissue.
  • “Specifically targets cardiac tissue” means that when said CTP conjugate, linked to a second peptide sequence, a protein, or a small molecule to form a conjugated protein, is injected into a mammal, the conjugated protein is transduced into cardiac tissue at much higher levels than it is transduced into other tissues, such as, for example, liver, kidney, lung, skeletal muscle, or brain.
  • the CTP (e.g., CTP 6aa of SEQ ID NO: 5) has an average hydrophilicity index of between ⁇ 0.2 and ⁇ 0.6. In certain non-limiting embodiments, the CTP (e.g., CTP of SEQ ID NO: 5) has an average hydrophilicity index of ⁇ 0.4.
  • the CTP of SEQ NO: 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 is comprised of (L) amino acids. In certain non-limiting embodiments, the CTP of SEQ ID NO: 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 is comprised of (D) amino acids.
  • the present disclosure is based, in part, on directly delivering Neuregulin-1 ⁇ or a moiety having antiarrhythmic properties, for example amiodarone, to the heart using CTP to target peptide delivery to cells of the heart, for example, cardiomyocytes.
  • the invention provides a method of delivering Neuregulin-1 ⁇ or a moiety having antiarrhythmic properties, for example, amiodarone, to cells of a subject's heart, for example, a subject's cardiomyocytes.
  • the subject is a mammal, for example, a primate, for example a human.
  • the invention provides a method of delivering Neuregulin-1 ⁇ or a moiety having antiarrhythmic properties, for example, amiodarone, to cells of a human subject's heart, for example, a human subject's cardiomyocytes.
  • the invention provides a method of delivering Neuregulin-1 ⁇ or a moiety having antiarrhythmic properties, for example, amiodarone, to cells of a subject's heart, for example, a subject's cardiomyocytes, by administering a peptide that includes CTP conjugated to antiarrhythmics, for example, by Schiff base chemistry, to the subject.
  • the peptide can be introduced by means of a cell or a virus that includes a nucleic acid encoding a CTP sequence.
  • the invention provides formulating a peptide composition, for example, an antiarrhythmic moiety-CTP composition or Neuregulin-1 ⁇ -CTP composition, in a stable formulation for delivery to cells in vitro as well as to animals via intravenous perfusion.
  • the invention provides delivering the formulated composition to a mammalian cardiomyoblast cell and monitoring for cellular toxicity by performing a cell viability assay.
  • the invention provides delivering a peptide, for example, an antiarrhythmic moiety-CTP or Neuregulin-1 ⁇ -CTP, to a mammalian cardiomyoblast cell line.
  • the invention provides delivering an antiarrhythmic moiety-CTP to a mammal having arrhythmias, for example atrial and/or ventricular fibrillation.
  • the invention also includes observing one or more echocardiographic parameters, for example, left ventricular wall thickness, left ventricular function, and/or mitral in-flow patterns, to assess diastolic relaxation at various time points before, during, and/or after delivery and/or treatment.
  • the invention provides administering an antiarrhythmic moiety-CTP or Neuregulin-1 ⁇ -CTP intravenously weekly, for example, for 6-12 weeks, and assessing for hepatic, renal, CNS, and/or cardiac toxicity using blood chemistry and/or histology.
  • the invention provides formulating a peptide composition that includes CTP linked/conjugated to a second moiety having an antiarrhythmic property, in a stable formulation for delivery to cells in vitro as well as to animals via intravenous perfusion.
  • the invention provides delivering the formulated composition to a mammalian cardiomyoblast cell and monitoring for cellular toxicity by performing a cell viability assay.
  • the invention provides delivering a peptide that includes CTP linked/conjugated to a second moiety having an antiarrhythmic property, to a mammalian cardiomyoblast cell line.
  • the disclosure provides a method of administering a peptide that includes CTP linked/conjugated to a second moiety having antiarrhythmic properties, where the administering is performed intravenously on a weekly basis for a designated period of time, for example, for 6-12 weeks.
  • the method further includes assessing for hepatic, renal, CNS, and/or cardiac toxicity using blood chemistry and/or histology.
  • the present disclosure also provides sustained release formulations (long-lasting formulation) suitable for injection to deliver a peptide comprising Cardiac-specific Targeting-Peptide (CTP) linked/conjugated to Neuregulin-1 ⁇ or a moiety having antiarrhythmic properties.
  • sustained release formulations long-lasting formulation
  • a peptide comprising Cardiac-specific Targeting-Peptide (CTP) linked/conjugated to Neuregulin-1 ⁇ or a moiety having antiarrhythmic properties.
  • CTP Cardiac-specific Targeting-Peptide
  • the present disclosure provides a method of imaging or detecting a heart tissue (e.g., a human heart tissue), by administering a peptide that includes CTP linked/conjugated to a moiety having an antiarrhythmic property to a subject; exposing the subject to conditions conducive to detection of the peptide; and obtaining an image.
  • a heart tissue e.g., a human heart tissue
  • the invention provides a peptide that includes a twelve amino acid Cardiac-specific Targeting-Peptide (CTP 12aa ) comprising the sequence of Ala-Pro-Trp-His-Leu-Ser-Ser-Gln-Tyr-Ser-Arg-Thr (SEQ ID NO: 1) linked/conjugated to a second peptide sequence, a protein, or a small molecule that has reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging properties.
  • the second peptide sequence, protein, or small molecule is conjugated upstream of the N-terminus of the CTP peptide.
  • the peptide can include an ester linkage between the CTP and the second peptide sequence, protein, or small molecule, and the ester linkage can only be cleaved by an intracellular esterase.
  • ester linkage can only be cleaved by an intracellular esterase.
  • peptide sequences, proteins, and small molecules with ROS scavenging properties include, but are not limited to, heme-oxygenase 1, resveratrol, N-acetyl-cysteine, N-tert-butyl- ⁇ -phenylnitrone, and 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl.
  • the peptide is optionally further labelled at both the C- and N-termini.
  • the peptide is labelled with a green fluorescent moiety, for example, 6-carboxyfluorescein, and a red fluorescent moiety, for example, Cy5.5.
  • the peptide is labelled with a green fluorescent moiety at its N-terminus and a red fluorescent moiety at its C-terminus.
  • the peptide is labelled with a red fluorescent moiety at its N-terminus and a green fluorescent moiety at its C-terminus.
  • ROS scavenging peptide for example, SS-31 or SS-02
  • protein for example, protein
  • small molecule small molecule
  • CTP CTP
  • target peptide delivery to cells of the heart, for example, cardiomyocytes.
  • ROS scavenging peptides include Szeto-Schiller (SS) peptides (for example, SS-01, SS-02, and SS-31), which contain alternating aromatic and basic amino acids, including tyrosine or dimethyltyrosine, and which are highly cell permeable.
  • SS Szeto-Schiller
  • the invention provides a method of delivering an ROS scavenging peptide (for example, SS-31 or SS-02), protein, or small molecule to cells of a subject's heart, for example, a subject's cardiomyocytes.
  • the subject is a mammal, for example, a primate, for example, a human.
  • the invention provides a method of delivering an ROS scavenging peptide (for example, SS-31 or SS-02), protein, or small molecule to cells of a human subject's heart, for example, a human subject's cardiomyocytes.
  • an ROS scavenging peptide for example, SS-31 or SS-02
  • protein for example, a human subject's cardiomyocytes.
  • the invention provides a method of delivering an ROS scavenging peptide (for example, SS-31 or SS-02), protein, or small molecule to cells of a subject's heart, for example, a subject's cardiomyocytes, by administering a peptide that includes CTP linked/conjugated to an ROS scavenging peptide (for example, SS-31 or SS-02), protein, or small molecule, for example, by an ester linkage, to the subject.
  • the peptide can be introduced by means of a cell or a virus that includes a nucleic acid encoding a CTP linked/conjugated peptide sequence.
  • the invention provides a method of scavenging ROS in cell culture by exposing a cell culture (for example, cells and/or cell culture media) to a peptide that includes CTP linked/conjugated to a second peptide sequence, a protein, or a small molecule with ROS scavenging properties.
  • a cell culture for example, cells and/or cell culture media
  • the invention provides a method of scavenging ROS in cell culture by exposing a cell culture to a peptide that includes CTP linked/conjugated to SS-31 (SS-CTP-31) or CTP conjugated to SS-02 (SS-CTP-02).
  • exposing a cell culture to a peptide that includes CTP linked/conjugated to a second peptide sequence, a protein, or a small molecule with ROS scavenging properties is achieved by expressing the peptide in one or more cells in the cell culture and/or by viral infection.
  • the invention provides formulating a peptide composition, for example, an SS-CTP composition, in a stable formulation for delivery to cells in vitro as well as to animals via intravenous perfusion.
  • the invention provides delivering the formulated composition to a mammalian cardiomyoblast cell and monitoring for cellular toxicity by performing a cell viability assay.
  • the invention provides delivering a peptide, for example, an SS-CTP, to a mammalian cardiomyoblast cell line challenged with oxidative stress (for example, a cardiomyoblast cell line challenged with oxidative stress using hydrogen peroxide) as a stressor.
  • the invention also includes assessing mitochondrial function at baseline, under stress with H 2 O 2 , and in cells treated with an SS-CTP prior to challenge with H 2 O 2 using a Seahorse analyzer (Agilent Technologies, Inc., Santa Clara, Calif., USA).
  • the invention provides delivering an SS-CTP to a mammal having diastolic heart failure (DHF).
  • the invention also includes observing one or more echocardiographic parameters, for example, left ventricular wall thickness, left ventricular function, and/or mitral in-flow patterns, to assess diastolic relaxation at various time points before, during, and/or after delivery and/or treatment.
  • the invention provides administering an SS-CTP intravenously weekly, for example, for 6-12 weeks, and assessing for hepatic, renal, CNS, and/or cardiac toxicity using blood chemistry and/or histology.
  • the invention provides formulating a peptide composition that includes CTP linked/conjugated to a second peptide sequence, a protein, or a small molecule with ROS scavenging properties, in a stable formulation for delivery to cells in vitro as well as to animals via intravenous perfusion.
  • the invention provides delivering the formulated composition to a mammalian cardiomyoblast cell and monitoring for cellular toxicity by performing a cell viability assay.
  • the invention provides delivering a peptide that includes CTP linked/conjugated to a second peptide sequence, a protein, or a small molecule with ROS scavenging properties, to a mammalian cardiomyoblast cell line challenged with oxidative stress (for example, a cardiomyoblast cell line challenged with oxidative stress using hydrogen peroxide) as a stressor.
  • a mammalian cardiomyoblast cell line challenged with oxidative stress for example, a cardiomyoblast cell line challenged with oxidative stress using hydrogen peroxide
  • the invention also includes assessing mitochondrial function at baseline, under stress with H 2 O 2 , and in cells treated with the peptide prior to challenge with H 2 O 2 , using Seahorse.
  • the invention provides delivering a peptide that includes CTP linked/conjugated to a second peptide sequence, a protein, or a small molecule with ROS scavenging properties to a mammal having diastolic heart failure (DHF).
  • DHF diastolic heart failure
  • the invention also includes observing one or more echocardiographic parameters, for example, left ventricular wall thickness, left ventricular function, and/or mitral in-flow patterns, to assess diastolic relaxation at various time points before, during, and/or after delivery and/or treatment.
  • the invention provides administering a peptide that includes CTP linked/conjugated to a second peptide sequence, a protein, or a small molecule with ROS scavenging properties intravenously weekly, for example, for 6-12 weeks, and assessing for hepatic, renal, CNS, and/or cardiac toxicity using blood chemistry and/or histology.
  • the present disclosure provides a method of imaging or detecting a heart tissue (e.g., a human heart tissue), by administering a peptide that includes CTP linked/conjugated to a second peptide sequence, a protein, or a small molecule with ROS scavenging properties (for example, an SS-CTP conjugate) to a subject; exposing the subject to conditions conducive to detection of the peptide, and obtaining an image.
  • a heart tissue e.g., a human heart tissue
  • a peptide that includes CTP linked/conjugated to a second peptide sequence, a protein, or a small molecule with ROS scavenging properties for example, an SS-CTP conjugate
  • the CTP 6aa of SEQ ID NO: 4, 6, 7, 8, 5, 9, 10, or 11 is linked/conjugated or fused to a tafazzin peptide. In certain embodiments, the CTP 6aa of SEQ ID NO: 4, 6, 7, 8, 5, 9, 10, or 11 is linked/conjugated or fused to the tafazzin peptide through a polypeptide linker. In certain embodiments, the CTP 6aa of SEQ ID NO: 5 is conjugated or fused to a tafazzin peptide.
  • one specific non-limiting example of a cargo is a NF- ⁇ B inhibitor, for example NBD peptide TALDWSWLQTE (SEQ ID NO:35).
  • One specific non-limiting example of a cargo is heme oxygenase, for example human heme oxygenase.
  • One specific non-limiting example of a cargo is inducible nitric oxide synthase (“iNOS”), for example human iNOS.
  • one specific non-limiting example of a cargo is S100A1 (an inotropic regulator of myocardial contractility.
  • One specific non-limiting example of a cargo is extracellular superoxide dismutase.
  • Further specific non-limiting examples of cargo include Cu/Zn-SOD, Mn-SOD, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase.
  • One specific non-limiting example of cargo is transforming growth factor beta (“TGF ⁇ ”) type II receptor (Ad.CAG-s TGF ⁇ II), a competitive inhibitor of TGF ⁇ .
  • TGF ⁇ transforming growth factor beta
  • VEGF vascular endothelial growth factor
  • cargo is fibroblast growth factor (FGF), for example human FGF-1 or FGF-2.
  • FGF fibroblast growth factor
  • cargo hepatocyte growth factor (“HGF”).
  • cargo is an apoptosis inhibitor, such as one of the so-called inhibitors of apoptosis (“IAPs”), for example, the human IAPs c-IAP1, c-IAP2, and XIAP.
  • IAPs inhibitors of apoptosis
  • cargo is Sonic Hedgehog protein.
  • cargo is glucocerebrosidase, for example human glucocerebrosidase used for treatment in Gaucher's disease.
  • cargo is an RNAi that inhibits expression of TGF ⁇ .
  • the cargo is a nanoparticle or a microsphere containing a diagnostic or therapeutic agent.
  • the cargo is a vector comprising a therapeutic gene, for example an adenovirus vector or a lentivirus vector.
  • the cargo is a detectable compound for analysis of uptake in viable cardiac cells versus non-viable cells following ischemic injury.
  • detectable compounds include fluorodeoxyglucose, a technetium-99 or other radioisotope-labelled cargo, fluorescent markers, gadolinium markers, etc.
  • a radioisotope-labelled cargo is Sestamibi, a coordination complex of the radioisotope technetium-99m with the ligand methoxyisobutylisonitrile (“MIBI”).
  • CTP of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-35 for example SEQ ID NO: 1, 2, or 5, and the cargo are linked covalently or non-covalently, optionally via one or more linker molecules.
  • the bond is a covalent bond
  • the linker may comprise a cleavage site that may, upon enzymatic or chemical cleavage, release the CTP of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-35, for example SEQ ID NO: 5, from its cargo.
  • the linker may be a ligand pair.
  • the linker may be an avidin/biotin pair.
  • the invention provides for a complex comprising a CTP of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-35, for example SEQ ID NO: 1, 2, or 5, linked to a cargo.
  • the complex may comprise additional elements.
  • the CTP of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-35, for example SEQ ID NO: 1, 2, or 5, and/or cargo may be conjugated to one or more additional molecule that improves delivery or stability.
  • the CTP of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-35, for example SEQ ID NO: 1, 2, or 5, and/or cargo may be PEGylated.
  • the cargo may be linked to a nuclear transport peptide.
  • the cargo may be linked to a detectable compound.
  • the present disclosure provides a method of introducing a cargo into a cardiac tissue comprising administering, to the cardiac tissue, a complex comprising a CTP of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-35, for example SEQ ID NO: 1, 2, or 5, linked to the cargo molecule.
  • the present disclosure provides for a method of introducing a cargo into a cardiac muscle cell comprising administering, to the cardiac muscle cell, a complex comprising a CTP of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-35, for example SEQ ID NO: 1, 2, or 5, linked to the cargo.
  • the present disclosure provides a method of introducing a cargo into a cardiac muscle cell comprising administering, to the cardiac muscle cell, an amount of a complex comprising the CTP of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-35, for example SEQ ID NO: 1, 2, or 5, linked to a cargo effective to introduce the cargo into the muscle cell.
  • the cargo comprises a radioisotope, fluorescent marker, gadolinium marker, luciferase marker, microsphere or nanoparticle.
  • the present disclosure provides for a method of selectively delivering a cargo to cardiac tissue in a subject, comprising administering, to the subject, a complex comprising the CTP of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-35, for example SEQ ID NO: 1, 2, or 5, linked to the cargo.
  • the present disclosure provides for a method of selectively delivering a cargo to a cardiac muscle cell in a subject, comprising administering, to the subject, a complex comprising a CTP of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-35, for example SEQ ID NO: 1, 2, or 5, linked to the cargo.
  • the present disclosure provides a method of introducing a detectable cargo into a cardiac muscle cell comprising administering, to the cardiac muscle cell, an amount of a complex comprising a CTP of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-35, for example SEQ ID NO: 5, linked to a cargo effective to introduce the cargo into the muscle cell, wherein the cargo comprises a detectable compound.
  • the detectable compound comprises a detectable radioisotope, fluorescent marker, gadolinium marker, or luciferase marker.
  • the present disclosure provides a method of treating cardiac tissue or a cardiac condition in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a composition comprising a CTP of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-35, for example SEQ ID NO: 1, 2, or 5, linked to a therapeutic agent for treating a cardiac disease and/or condition.
  • the present disclosure provides a method of introducing a moiety having antiarrhythmic properties into a cardiac muscle cell comprising administering to the cardiac muscle cell a CTP 12aa comprising the sequence of APWHLSSQYSRT (SEQ ID NO: 1), a CTP 6aa having a sequence of SQYSRT (SEQ ID NO: 5), or a CTP 12aa having a sequence of AAWHLSSQYSRT (SEQ ID NO: 2 (CTP-P2A)) conjugated to a moiety having antiarrhythmic properties, for example amiodarone, in an amount effective to introduce the moiety having antiarrhythmic properties into the muscle cell.
  • the peptide further comprises a microsphere or nanoparticle.
  • the present disclosure provides a method of treating a human subject suffering from atrial and/or ventricular arrhythmias, comprising introducing a cargo into a cardiac muscle cell of the human subject by administering to the human subject a CTP 12aa comprising the sequence of APWHLSSQYSRT (SEQ ID NO: 1), a CTP 6aa having a sequence of SQYSRT (SEQ ID NO: 5), or a CTP 12aa having a sequence of AAWHLSSQYSRT (SEQ ID NO: 2 (CTP-P2A)) conjugated to a moiety having antiarrhythmic properties, for example amiodarone.
  • a CTP 12aa comprising the sequence of APWHLSSQYSRT (SEQ ID NO: 1), a CTP 6aa having a sequence of SQYSRT (SEQ ID NO: 5), or a CTP 12aa having a sequence of AAWHLSSQYSRT (SEQ ID NO: 2 (CTP-P
  • the present disclosure provides a method of treating ventricular arrhythmias selected from premature ventricular contractions, ventricular tachycardia, and ventricular fibrillation, by administering to the human subject a CTP 12aa comprising the sequence of APWHLSSQYSRT (SEQ ID NO: 1), a CTP 6aa having a sequence of SQYSRT (SEQ ID NO: 5), or a CTP 12aa having a sequence of AAWHLSSQYSRT (SEQ ID NO: 2 (CTP-P2A)) conjugated to a moiety having antiarrhythmic properties, for example amiodarone.
  • a CTP 12aa comprising the sequence of APWHLSSQYSRT (SEQ ID NO: 1), a CTP 6aa having a sequence of SQYSRT (SEQ ID NO: 5), or a CTP 12aa having a sequence of AAWHLSSQYSRT (SEQ ID NO: 2 (CTP-P2A)) conjug
  • the present disclosure provides a method of treating a human subject suffering from SHF, comprising introducing a cargo into a cardiac muscle cell of the human subject by administering to the human subject a CTP 12aa comprising the sequence of APWHLSSQYSRT (SEQ ID NO: 1), a CTP 6aa having a sequence of SQYSRT (SEQ ID NO: 5), or a CTP 12aa having a sequence of AAWHLSSQYSRT (SEQ ID NO: 2 (CTP-P2A)) conjugated to Neuregulin-1 ⁇ .
  • the present disclosure provides a method of performing myocardial perfusion analysis of a subject, by administering to the subject a conjugate of the CTP comprising, for example, SEQ ID NO: 1, 2, 4, or 5 (e.g., an antiarrhythmic-CTP or Neuregulin-1 ⁇ -CTP), and monitoring through Planar or SPECT imaging, delivery of the conjugate to the subject's heart.
  • a conjugate of the CTP comprising, for example, SEQ ID NO: 1, 2, 4, or 5 (e.g., an antiarrhythmic-CTP or Neuregulin-1 ⁇ -CTP)
  • Planar or SPECT imaging delivery of the conjugate to the subject's heart.
  • the present disclosure provides a method of imaging or detecting a heart tissue, by administering to the subject a conjugate of the CTP comprising, for example, SEQ ID NO: 1 (e.g., an antiarrhythmic-CTP or Neuregulin-1 ⁇ -CTP); exposing the subject to conditions conducive to detection of the CTP conjugate; and obtaining an image.
  • a conjugate of the CTP comprising, for example, SEQ ID NO: 1 (e.g., an antiarrhythmic-CTP or Neuregulin-1 ⁇ -CTP); exposing the subject to conditions conducive to detection of the CTP conjugate; and obtaining an image.
  • the antiarrhythmic-CTP optionally further comprises detectable moiety.
  • the antiarrhythmic-CTP further comprises a detectable moiety.
  • conjugate of the CTP comprising, for example, SEQ ID NO: 1 (e.g., an antiarrhythmic-CTP or Neuregulin-1 ⁇ -CTP)
  • the subject may be a human subject or a non-human subject, such as a primate, a companion animal (e.g., dog, cat, horse), a laboratory animal (e.g., mouse, rat, rabbit or guinea pig) or a farm animal (cow, goat, etc.).
  • a conjugate of the CTP comprising, for example, SEQ ID NO: 1, 2, 4, or 5 may be administered by any route including but not limited to intravenous, intraatrial, intraperitoneal, subcutaneous, oral, rectal, etc.
  • compositions comprising a CTP comprising, for example, SEQ ID NO: 1, 2, 4, or 5 linked to a therapeutic agent (e.g., an antiarrhythmic-CTP or Neuregulin-1 ⁇ -CTP), and a suitable pharmaceutical carrier, for example, water or physiologic saline.
  • a therapeutic agent e.g., an antiarrhythmic-CTP or Neuregulin-1 ⁇ -CTP
  • a suitable pharmaceutical carrier for example, water or physiologic saline.
  • the CTP of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-35 can be used to treat various diseases or disorders associated with cardiac tissue or muscle in a subject.
  • the method comprises orally administering to the subject an effective amount of a disclosed CTP of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-35, for example SEQ ID NO: 1, 2, or 5, either alone or in a combination with another therapeutic agent to treat the disease or disorder in the subject.
  • the CTP of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-35 is conjugated or fused to a tafazzin peptide.
  • the CTP of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-35 is conjugated or fused to the tafazzin peptide through a polypeptide linker.
  • the present disclosure provides a method of treating a subject having a disorder associated with a tafazzin deficiency or a remodeled cardiolipin deficiency, comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a composition comprising the tafazzin-conjugated CTP of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-35, for example SEQ ID NO: 1, 2, or 5.
  • a composition comprising the tafazzin-conjugated CTP of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-35, for example SEQ ID NO: 1, 2, or 5.
  • the tafazzin-conjugated CTP 6aa of SEQ ID NO: 5 is used in treating a subject having a disorder associated with a tafazzin-deficiency or a remodeled cardiolipin-deficiency.
  • the present disclosure provides a method of treating a subject having, or at risk of developing Barth syndrome, comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a composition comprising the tafazzin-conjugated CTP of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-35, for example SEQ ID NO: 5.
  • the present disclosure provides a method of treating a subject having, or at risk of developing Barth syndrome, comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a composition comprising the tafazzin-conjugated CTP 6aa of SEQ ID NO: 4, 6, 7, 8, 5, 9, 10, or 11.
  • a composition comprising the tafazzin-conjugated CTP 6aa of SEQ ID NO: 4, 6, 7, 8, 5, 9, 10, or 11.
  • the tafazzin-conjugated CTP 6aa of SEQ ID NO: 5 is used for treating a subject having, or at risk of developing Barth syndrome.
  • the present disclosure provides a method of treating cardiac tissue or a cardiac condition in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a composition comprising the nanoparticle-conjugated CTP of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-35 linked to a moiety having antiarrhythmic properties, for example amiodarone.
  • the CTP of SEQ ID NO: 1, 2, or 5 is used for treating a cardiac tissue or a cardiac condition in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a composition comprising the nanoparticle-conjugated CTP of SEQ ID NO: 1, 2, or 5 linked to a moiety having antiarrhythmic properties, for example amiodarone.
  • the present disclosure provides a method of treating a human subject suffering from a myocardial infarction, comprising introducing a cargo into a cardiac muscle cell of the human subject comprising administering, to the human subject, a therapeutically effective amount of a complex comprising the CTP of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-35, for example SEQ ID NO: 5, linked to a cargo, where the cargo inhibits cell death, inhibits arrhythmias, improves contractility, lengthens subject survival, or a combination thereof.
  • the cargo is selected from an NF- ⁇ B inhibitor, NSD peptide, heme oxygenase, an antioxidant, iNOS, S100A1, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, a TGF ⁇ inhibitor, VEGF, FGF-1, FGF-2, sonic hedgehog protein, HGF and an IAP.
  • the present disclosure provides a method of treating a subject suffering from a metabolic defect that damages the heart comprising introducing a cargo into a cardiac muscle cell of the human subject comprising administering, to the subject, a therapeutically effective amount of a complex comprising the CTP of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-35, for example SEQ ID NO: 5, linked to a cargo, wherein the cargo corrects the metabolic defect.
  • the metabolic defect is Gaucher's disease and the cargo is glucocerebrosidase.
  • the present disclosure provides for a method of treating a subject suffering from a myocardial infarction, comprising administering, to the subject, a therapeutically effective amount of a complex comprising a CTP of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-35, for example SEQ ID NO: 5, linked to the cargo, where the cargo (meaning the biological function of the cargo) inhibits cell death, inhibits arrhythmias, improves contractility, lengthens subject survival, or a combination thereof.
  • the present disclosure provides for a method of treating a subject suffering from angina, comprising administering, to the subject, a therapeutically effective amount of a complex comprising a CTP of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-35, for example SEQ ID NO: 5, linked to a cargo, where the cargo reduces the risk of myocardial infarction, inhibits cell death, limits arrhythmias, improves contractility, lengthens subject survival, or a combination thereof.
  • Non-limiting examples of cargo that may be used to treat myocardial infarction and/or angina include an NF- ⁇ B inhibitor, NBD peptide, heme oxygenase, an antioxidant, iNOS, S100A1, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, a TGF ⁇ inhibitor, VEGF, sonic hedgehog protein, FGF-1, FGF-2, HGF, and IAPs.
  • the present disclosure provides for a method of treating a subject suffering from a metabolic defect that damages the heart comprising administering, to the subject, a therapeutically effective amount of a complex comprising a CTP of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-35, for example SEQ ID NO: 5, linked to a cargo, where the cargo corrects the metabolic defect.
  • the present disclosure provides for a method of treating a subject suffering from Gaucher's disease comprising administering, to the subject, a therapeutically effective amount of a complex comprising a CTP of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-35, for example SEQ ID NO: 5, linked to a glucocerebrosidase.
  • the subject may be a human subject or a non-human subject, such as a primate, a companion animal (e.g., dog, cat, horse) a laboratory animal (e.g., mouse, rat, rabbit or guinea pig) or a farm animal (cow, goat, etc.).
  • a companion animal e.g., dog, cat, horse
  • a laboratory animal e.g., mouse, rat, rabbit or guinea pig
  • a farm animal cow, goat, etc.
  • the CTP of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-35, for example SEQ ID NO: 5-cargo complex may be administered by any route including but not limited to intravenous, intraarterial, intraperitoneal, subcutaneous, oral, rectal, etc.
  • compositions comprising CTP of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-35, for example, SEQ ID NO: 5-cargo and a suitable pharmaceutical carrier, for example, water, physiologic saline.
  • the present disclosure provides a method of treating a human subject suffering from atrial and/or ventricular arrhythmias, comprising introducing a cargo into a cardiac muscle cell of the human subject by administering to the human subject a CTP 12aa comprising the sequence of APWHLSSQYSRT (SEQ ID NO: 1), a CTP 6aa having a sequence of SQYSRT (SEQ ID NO: 5), or a CTP 12aa having a sequence of AAWHLSSQYSRT (SEQ ID NO: 2 (CTP-P2A)) conjugated to a moiety having antiarrhythmic properties, for example amiodarone.
  • a CTP 12aa comprising the sequence of APWHLSSQYSRT (SEQ ID NO: 1), a CTP 6aa having a sequence of SQYSRT (SEQ ID NO: 5), or a CTP 12aa having a sequence of AAWHLSSQYSRT (SEQ ID NO: 2 (CTP-P
  • the present disclosure provides a method of treating ventricular arrhythmias selected from premature ventricular contractions, ventricular tachycardia, and ventricular fibrillation, by administering to the human subject a CTP 12aa comprising the sequence of APWHLSSQYSRT (SEQ ID NO: 1), a CTP 6aa having a sequence of SQYSRT (SEQ ID NO: 5), or a CTP 12aa having a sequence of AAWHLSSQYSRT (SEQ ID NO: 2 (CTP-P2A)) conjugated to a moiety having antiarrhythmic properties, for example amiodarone.
  • a CTP 12aa comprising the sequence of APWHLSSQYSRT (SEQ ID NO: 1), a CTP 6aa having a sequence of SQYSRT (SEQ ID NO: 5), or a CTP 12aa having a sequence of AAWHLSSQYSRT (SEQ ID NO: 2 (CTP-P2A)) conjug
  • the present disclosure provides a method of treating a human subject suffering from SHF, comprising introducing a cargo into a cardiac muscle cell of the human subject by administering to the human subject a CTP 12aa comprising the sequence of APWHLSSQYSRT (SEQ ID NO: 1), a CTP 6aa having a sequence of SQYSRT (SEQ ID NO: 5), or a CTP 12aa having a sequence of AAWHLSSQYSRT (SEQ ID NO: 2 (CTP-P2A)) conjugated to Neuregulin-1 ⁇ .
  • the present disclosure provides a method of performing myocardial perfusion analysis of a subject, by administering to the subject a conjugate of the CTP comprising, for example, SEQ ID NO: 1, 2, 4, or 5 (e.g., an antiarrhythmic-CTP or Neuregulin-1 ⁇ -CTP), and monitoring through Planar or SPECT imaging, delivery of the conjugate to the subject's heart.
  • a conjugate of the CTP comprising, for example, SEQ ID NO: 1, 2, 4, or 5 (e.g., an antiarrhythmic-CTP or Neuregulin-1 ⁇ -CTP)
  • Planar or SPECT imaging delivery of the conjugate to the subject's heart.
  • the present disclosure provides a method of imaging or detecting a heart tissue, by administering to the subject a conjugate of the CTP comprising, for example, SEQ ID NO: 1 (e.g., an antiarrhythmic-CTP or Neuregulin-1 ⁇ -CTP); exposing the subject to conditions conducive to detection of the CTP conjugate; and obtaining an image.
  • a conjugate of the CTP comprising, for example, SEQ ID NO: 1 (e.g., an antiarrhythmic-CTP or Neuregulin-1 ⁇ -CTP); exposing the subject to conditions conducive to detection of the CTP conjugate; and obtaining an image.
  • the antiarrhythmic-CTP optionally further comprises a detectable moiety.
  • conjugate of the CTP comprising, for example, SEQ ID NO: 1 (e.g., an antiarrhythmic-CTP or Neuregulin-1 ⁇ -CTP)
  • the subject may be a human subject or a non-human subject, such as a primate, a companion animal (e.g., dog, cat, horse) a laboratory animal (e.g., mouse, rat, rabbit or guinea pig) or a farm animal (cow, goat, etc.).
  • a conjugate of the CTP comprising, for example, SEQ ID NO: 1, 2, 4, or 5 may be administered by any route including but not limited to intravenous, intraatrial, intraperitoneal, subcutaneous, oral, rectal, etc.
  • compositions comprising a conjugate of the CTP comprising, for example, SEQ ID NO: 1, 2, 4, or 5 (e.g., an antiarrhythmic-CTP or Neuregulin-1 ⁇ -CTP) and a suitable pharmaceutical carrier, for example, water or physiologic saline.
  • a conjugate of the CTP comprising, for example, SEQ ID NO: 1, 2, 4, or 5 (e.g., an antiarrhythmic-CTP or Neuregulin-1 ⁇ -CTP) and a suitable pharmaceutical carrier, for example, water or physiologic saline.
  • a CTP of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-35, for example SEQ ID NO: 5, linked to a therapeutic agent (for example, amiodarone) described herein preferably is combined with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
  • pharmaceutically acceptable refers to those compounds, materials, compositions, and/or dosage forms which are, within the scope of sound medical judgment, suitable for use in contact with the tissues of human beings and animals without excessive toxicity, irritation, allergic response, or other problem or complication, commensurate with a reasonable benefit/risk ratio.
  • pharmaceutically acceptable carrier refers to buffers, carriers, and excipients suitable for use in contact with the tissues of human beings and animals without excessive toxicity, irritation, allergic response, or other problem or complication, commensurate with a reasonable benefit/risk ratio.
  • Pharmaceutically acceptable carriers include any of the standard pharmaceutical carriers, such as a phosphate buffered saline solution, water, emulsions (e.g., such as an oil/water or water/oil emulsions), and various types of wetting agents.
  • the compositions also can include stabilizers and preservatives.
  • Pharmaceutically acceptable carriers include buffers, solvents, dispersion media, coatings, isotonic and absorption delaying agents, and the like, that are compatible with pharmaceutical administration. The use of such media and agents for pharmaceutically active substances is known in the art.
  • the CTP of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-35, for example SEQ ID NO: 5, linked to a therapeutic agent can be formulated, or co-administered (either at the same time or sequentially), for example, by an enteral route (e.g., orally), with a pH increasing agent, for example, a protein pump inhibitor (PPI), to enhance the stability of the CTP of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-35, for example SEQ ID NO: 5, for example, in an acidic environment, for example, in the gastrointestinal tract.
  • a therapeutic agent for example, amiodarone
  • PPI protein pump inhibitor
  • Proton pump inhibitors are a group of drugs whose main action is pronounced and long-lasting reduction of gastric acid production.
  • Proton pump inhibitors act by blocking the hydrogen/potassium adenosine triphosphatase enzyme system (the H + /K + ATPase, or more commonly just gastric proton pump) of the gastric parietal cell.
  • the proton pump is the terminal stage in gastric acid secretion, being directly responsible for secreting H + ions into the gastric lumen, making it an ideal target for inhibiting acid secretion.
  • proton pump inhibitors examples include: Omeprazole (brand names: LOSEC®, PRILOSEC®, ZEGERID®); Lansoprazole (brand names: PREVACID®, ZOTON®, INHIBITOL®); Esomeprazole (brand names: NEXIUM®); and Pantoprazole (brand names: PROTONIX®, SOMAC®, PANTOLOC®).
  • compositions containing a CTP of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-35, for example SEQ ID NO: 5, linked to a therapeutic agent (for example, amiodarone) disclosed herein can be presented in a dosage unit form and can be prepared by any suitable method.
  • a pharmaceutical composition should be formulated to be compatible with its intended route of administration.
  • the pharmaceutical compositions may be in a variety of forms. These include, for example, liquid, semi-solid and solid dosage forms, such as liquid solutions (e.g., injectable and infusible solutions), dispersions or suspensions, tablets, pills, powders, liposomes and suppositories. The preferred form will depend upon the intended mode of administration and therapeutic application.
  • compositions preferably are formulated for administration enterally (for example, orally), such compositions can be administered by a parenteral mode (e.g., intravenous, subcutaneous, intraperitoneal, or intramuscular injection).
  • parenteral administration e.g., intravenous, subcutaneous, intraperitoneal, or intramuscular injection.
  • parenteral administration e.g., intravenous, subcutaneous, intraperitoneal, or intramuscular injection.
  • parenteral administration e.g., intravenous, subcutaneous, intraperitoneal, or intramuscular injection.
  • the composition can be formulated as a solution, microemulsion, dispersion, liposome, or other ordered structure suitable for stable storage at high concentration.
  • Sterile injectable solutions can be prepared by incorporating an agent described herein in the required amount in an appropriate solvent with one or a combination of ingredients enumerated above, as required, followed by filtered sterilization.
  • dispersions are prepared by incorporating an agent described herein into a sterile vehicle that contains a basic dispersion medium and the required other ingredients from those enumerated above.
  • the preferred methods of preparation are vacuum drying and freeze drying that yield a powder of an agent described herein plus any additional desired ingredient from a previously sterile-filtered solution thereof.
  • the proper fluidity of a solution can be maintained, for example, by the use of a coating such as lecithin, by the maintenance of the required particle size in the case of dispersion and by the use of surfactants.
  • Prolonged absorption of injectable compositions can be brought about by including in the composition an agent that delays absorption, for example, monostearate salts and gelatin.
  • a pharmaceutical formulation that is sterile. Sterilization can be accomplished by any suitable method, e.g., filtration through sterile filtration membranes. Where the composition is lyophilized, filter sterilization can be conducted prior to or following lyophilization and reconstitution.
  • a disclosed composition comprises a polyionic reagent which may, e.g., coat the CTP of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-35, for example SEQ ID NO: 5, linked to a therapeutic agent (for example, amiodarone), i.e., the composition comprises a polyionic coating.
  • exemplary polyionic reagents include PSS (poly(Sodium 4-styrenesulfonate), PAA (poly Acrylic acid sodium salt), PMG (poly(methylene-co-guanidine) hydrochloride), DS (dextran sulfate), PMA (poly(methyl acrylate)), or PVS (polyvinylsiloxane).
  • the lyophilized formulation for use in a method of treatment of the present disclosure includes the Cardiac-specific Targeting-Peptide (CTP) (e.g., any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-35) linked to a drug or therapeutic (e.g., amiodarone) and a lyoprotectant.
  • CTP Cardiac-specific Targeting-Peptide
  • the lyophilized formulation for use in a method of treatment of the present disclosure includes the CTP 12aa of SEQ ID NO: 1 linked to a drug or therapeutic (e.g., amiodarone) and a lyoprotectant.
  • the lyophilized formulation for use in a method of treatment of the present disclosure includes the CTP 12aa of SEQ ID NO: 2 linked to a drug or therapeutic (e.g., amiodarone) and a lyoprotectant.
  • the lyophilized formulation for use in a method of treatment of the present disclosure includes the CTP 6aa of SEQ ID NO: 5 linked to a drug or therapeutic (e.g., amiodarone) and a lyoprotectant.
  • the lyoprotectant may be sugar, e.g., disaccharides.
  • the lyoprotectant may be sucrose or maltose.
  • the lyophilized formulation may also include one or more of a buffering agent, a surfactant, a bulking agent, and/or a preservative.
  • the amount of sucrose or maltose useful for stabilization of the lyophilized drug product may be in a weight ratio of at least 1:2 protein to sucrose or maltose.
  • the protein to sucrose or maltose weight ratio may be of from 1:2 to 1:5.
  • the pH of the formulation, prior to lyophilization may be set by addition of a pharmaceutically acceptable acid and/or base.
  • the pharmaceutically acceptable acid may be hydrochloric acid.
  • the pharmaceutically acceptable base may be sodium hydroxide.
  • the pH of the solution containing the protein of the present disclosure may be adjusted between about 6 to about 8.
  • the pH range for the lyophilized drug product may be from about 7 to about 8.
  • a salt or buffer components may be added in an amount of about 10 mM-about 200 mM.
  • the salts and/or buffers are pharmaceutically acceptable and are derived from various known acids (inorganic and organic) with “base forming” metals or amines.
  • the buffer may be phosphate buffer.
  • the buffer may be glycinate, carbonate, citrate buffers, in which case, sodium, potassium or ammonium ions can serve as counterion.
  • a “bulking agent” may be added.
  • a “bulking agent” is a compound which adds mass to a lyophilized mixture and contributes to the physical structure of the lyophilized cake (e.g., facilitates the production of an essentially uniform lyophilized cake which maintains an open pore structure).
  • Illustrative bulking agents include mannitol, glycine, polyethylene glycol and sorbitol. The lyophilized formulations of the present disclosure may contain such bulking agents.
  • a preservative may be optionally added to the formulations herein to reduce bacterial action.
  • the addition of a preservative may, for example, facilitate the production of a multi-use (multiple-dose) formulation.
  • the lyophilized drug product for use in a method of treatment of the present disclosure may be constituted with an aqueous carrier.
  • the aqueous carrier of interest herein is one which is pharmaceutically acceptable (e.g., safe and non-toxic for administration to a human) and is useful for the preparation of a liquid formulation, after lyophilization.
  • Illustrative diluents include sterile water for injection (SWFI), bacteriostatic water for injection (BWFI), a pH buffered solution (e.g. phosphate-buffered saline), sterile saline solution, Ringer's solution or dextrose solution.
  • the lyophilized drug product of the current disclosure is reconstituted with either Sterile Water for Injection, USP (SWFI) or 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection, USP.
  • SWFI Sterile Water for Injection
  • USP 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection
  • the lyophilized protein product of the instant disclosure is constituted to about 4.5 mL water for injection and diluted with 0.9% saline solution (sodium chloride solution).
  • the Cardiac-specific Targeting-Peptide (CTP) (e.g., any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-35) linked to a drug or therapeutic (e.g., amiodarone) of the present disclosure is formulated as a liquid formulation for use in a method of treatment described herein.
  • the liquid formulation may be presented at a 10 mg/mL concentration in either a USP/Ph Eur type I 50R vial closed with a rubber stopper and sealed with an aluminum crimp seal closure.
  • the stopper may be made of elastomer complying with USP and Ph Eur.
  • vials may be filled with an effective amount of the CTP conjugated to a drug or therapeutic solution in order to allow an extractable volume.
  • the liquid formulation may be diluted with 0.9% saline solution.
  • the liquid formulation for use in a method of the disclosure may be prepared as a solution in combination with a sugar at stabilizing levels.
  • the liquid formulation may be prepared in an aqueous carrier.
  • a stabilizer may be added in an amount no greater than that which may result in a viscosity undesirable or unsuitable for intravenous administration.
  • the sugar may be disaccharides, e.g., sucrose.
  • the liquid formulation may also include one or more of a buffering agent, a surfactant, and a preservative.
  • the pH of the liquid formulation may be set by addition of a pharmaceutically acceptable acid and/or base.
  • the pharmaceutically acceptable acid may be hydrochloric acid.
  • the base may be sodium hydroxide.
  • deamidation is a common product variant of peptides and proteins that may occur during fermentation, harvest/cell clarification, purification, drug substance/drug product storage and during sample analysis.
  • Deamidation is the loss of NH 3 from a protein forming a succinimide intermediate that can undergo hydrolysis.
  • the succinimide intermediate results in a 17 unit mass decrease of the parent peptide.
  • the subsequent hydrolysis results in an 18 unit mass increase.
  • Isolation of the succinimide intermediate is difficult due to instability under aqueous conditions. As such, deamidation is typically detectable as 1 unit mass increase. Deamidation of an asparagine results in either aspartic or isoaspartic acid.
  • the parameters affecting the rate of deamidation include pH, temperature, solvent dielectric constant, ionic strength, primary sequence, local polypeptide conformation and tertiary structure.
  • the amino acid residues adjacent to Asn in the peptide chain affect deamidation rates. Gly and Ser following an Asn in protein sequences results in a higher susceptibility to deamidation.
  • the liquid formulation for use in a method of treatment described in the present disclosure may be preserved under conditions of pH and humidity to prevent deamidation of the protein product.
  • the aqueous carrier of interest herein is one which is pharmaceutically acceptable (safe and non-toxic for administration to a human) and is useful for the preparation of a liquid formulation.
  • Illustrative carriers include sterile water for injection (SWFI), bacteriostatic water for injection (BWFI), a pH buffered solution (e.g. phosphate-buffered saline), sterile saline solution, Ringer's solution or dextrose solution.
  • a preservative may be optionally added to the formulations herein to reduce bacterial action.
  • the addition of a preservative may, for example, facilitate the production of a multi-use (multiple-dose) formulation.
  • Intravenous (IV) formulations may be the preferred administration route in particular instances, such as when a patient is in the hospital after transplantation receiving all drugs via the IV route.
  • the liquid formulation is diluted with 0.9% Sodium Chloride solution before administration.
  • the diluted drug product for injection is isotonic and suitable for administration by intravenous infusion.
  • a salt or buffer component may be added in an amount of 10 mM-200 mM.
  • the salts and/or buffers are pharmaceutically acceptable and are derived from various known acids (inorganic and organic) with “base forming” metals or amines.
  • the buffer may be phosphate buffer.
  • the buffer may be glycinate, carbonate, citrate buffers, in which case, sodium, potassium or ammonium ions can serve as counterion.
  • a preservative may be optionally added to the formulations herein to reduce bacterial action.
  • the addition of a preservative may, for example, facilitate the production of a multi-use (multiple-dose) formulation.
  • the aqueous carrier of interest herein is one which is pharmaceutically acceptable (safe and non-toxic for administration to a human) and is useful for the preparation of a liquid formulation.
  • Illustrative carriers include sterile water for injection (SWFI), bacteriostatic water for injection (BWFI), a pH buffered solution (e.g. phosphate-buffered saline), sterile saline solution, Ringer's solution or dextrose solution.
  • a preservative may be optionally added to the formulations herein to reduce bacterial action.
  • the addition of a preservative may, for example, facilitate the production of a multi-use (multiple-dose) formulation.
  • the present disclosure also provides sustained release formulations (long-lasting formulation) suitable for injection to deliver a comprising Cardiac-specific Targeting-Peptide (CTP) conjugated to Neuregulin-1 ⁇ or a moiety having antiarrhythmic properties.
  • sustained release formulations long-lasting formulation
  • a comprising Cardiac-specific Targeting-Peptide (CTP) conjugated to Neuregulin-1 ⁇ or a moiety having antiarrhythmic properties.
  • CTP Cardiac-specific Targeting-Peptide
  • the formulation uses a controlled release system.
  • the formulation uses a slow release system.
  • a sustained-delivery formulation of the present disclosure includes a peptide comprising a CTP 12aa (SEQ ID NO: 1) linked to a therapeutic agent (e.g., amiodarone).
  • a sustained-delivery formulation of the present disclosure includes a peptide comprising a CTP 12aa (SEQ ID NO: 2) linked to a therapeutic agent (e.g., amiodarone).
  • a sustained-delivery formulation of the present disclosure includes a peptide comprising a CTP 6aa (SEQ ID NO: 5) linked to a therapeutic agent (e.g., amiodarone).
  • the formulation delivers a peptide comprising a Cardiac-specific Targeting-Peptide (CTP) (e.g., any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-35) of the present disclosure linked to a therapeutic agent (e.g., amiodarone) over a period of at least 6 hours (e.g., 6 hours, 7 hours, 8 hours, 9 hours, 10 hours, 11 hours, 12 hours, 13 hours, 14 hours, 15 hours, 16 hours, 17 hours, 18 hours, 19 hours, 20 hours, 21 hours, 22 hours, 23 hours, 24 hours).
  • CTP Cardiac-specific Targeting-Peptide
  • a therapeutic agent e.g., amiodarone
  • the formulation delivers a peptide comprising a CTP 12aa represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 linked to a drug or therapeutic (e.g., amiodarone) over a period of at least 6 hours (e.g., 6 hours, 7 hours, 8 hours, 9 hours, 10 hours, 11 hours, 12 hours, 13 hours, 14 hours, 15 hours, 16 hours, 17 hours, 18 hours, 19 hours, 20 hours, 21 hours, 22 hours, 23 hours, 24 hours).
  • a drug or therapeutic e.g., amiodarone
  • the formulation delivers a peptide comprising a CTP 12aa represented by SEQ ID NO: 2 linked to a drug or therapeutic (e.g., amiodarone) over a period of at least 6 hours (e.g., 6 hours, 7 hours, 8 hours, 9 hours, 10 hours, 11 hours, 12 hours, 13 hours, 14 hours, 15 hours, 16 hours, 17 hours, 18 hours, 19 hours, 20 hours, 21 hours, 22 hours, 23 hours, 24 hours).
  • a drug or therapeutic e.g., amiodarone
  • the formulation delivers a peptide comprising a CTP 6aa represented by SEQ ID NO: 5 linked to a drug or therapeutic (e.g., amiodarone) over a period of at least 6 hours (e.g., 6 hours, 7 hours, 8 hours, 9 hours, 10 hours, 11 hours, 12 hours, 13 hours, 14 hours, 15 hours, 16 hours, 17 hours, 18 hours, 19 hours, 20 hours, 21 hours, 22 hours, 23 hours, or 24 hours).
  • a drug or therapeutic e.g., amiodarone
  • the formulation delivers a peptide of the present disclosure (e.g., any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-35) linked to a therapeutic agent (e.g., amiodarone) over a period of 6 hours, 7 hours, 8 hours, 9 hours, 10 hours, 11 hours, 12 hours, 13 hours, 14 hours, 15 hours, 16 hours, 17 hours, 18 hours, 19 hours, 20 hours, 21 hours, 22 hours, 23 hours, or 24 hours.
  • a therapeutic agent e.g., amiodarone
  • the formulation delivers a peptide comprising a CTP 12aa represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 linked to a drug or therapeutic (e.g., amiodarone) over a period of 6 hours, 7 hours, 8 hours, 9 hours, 10 hours, 11 hours, 12 hours, 13 hours, 14 hours, 15 hours, 16 hours, 17 hours, 18 hours, 19 hours, 20 hours, 21 hours, 22 hours, 23 hours, or 24 hours.
  • a drug or therapeutic e.g., amiodarone
  • the formulation delivers a peptide comprising a CTP 12aa represented by SEQ ID NO: 2 linked to a drug or therapeutic (e.g., amiodarone) over a period of 6 hours, 7 hours, 8 hours, 9 hours, 10 hours, 11 hours, 12 hours, 13 hours, 14 hours, 15 hours, 16 hours, 17 hours, 18 hours, 19 hours, 20 hours, 21 hours, 22 hours, 23 hours, or 24 hours.
  • a drug or therapeutic e.g., amiodarone
  • the formulation delivers a peptide comprising a CTP 6aa represented by SEQ ID NO: 5 linked to a drug or therapeutic (e.g., amiodarone) over a period of 6 hours, 7 hours, 8 hours, 9 hours, 10 hours, 11 hours, 12 hours, 13 hours, 14 hours, 15 hours, 16 hours, 17 hours, 18 hours, 19 hours, 20 hours, 21 hours, 22 hours, 23 hours, or 24 hours.
  • a drug or therapeutic e.g., amiodarone
  • the formulation delivers a peptide of the present disclosure (e.g., any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-35) linked to a therapeutic agent (e.g., amiodarone) at least once daily (e.g., once a day, twice a day, three times a day).
  • a therapeutic agent e.g., amiodarone
  • the formulation delivers a peptide comprising a CTP 12aa represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 linked to a drug or therapeutic (e.g., amiodarone) at least once daily (e.g., once a day, twice a day, three times a day).
  • the formulation delivers a peptide comprising a CTP 12aa represented by SEQ ID NO: 2 linked to a drug or therapeutic (e.g., amiodarone) at least once daily (e.g., once a day, twice a day, three times a day).
  • a drug or therapeutic e.g., amiodarone
  • the formulation delivers a peptide comprising a CTP 6aa represented by SEQ ID NO: 5 linked to a drug or therapeutic (e.g., amiodarone) at least once daily (e.g., once a day, twice a day, three times a day).
  • the formulation delivering a peptide of the present disclosure (e.g., any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-35) linked to a therapeutic agent (e.g., amiodarone) is administered at least once a week (e.g., once a week, twice a week, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or more times a week).
  • a therapeutic agent e.g., amiodarone
  • the formulation delivering a peptide comprising a CTP 12aa represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 linked to a drug or therapeutic is administered at least once a week (e.g., once a week, twice a week, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or more times a week).
  • the formulation delivering a peptide comprising a CTP 12aa represented by SEQ ID NO: 2 linked to a drug or therapeutic is administered at least once a week (e.g., once a week, twice a week, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or more times a week).
  • the formulation delivering a peptide comprising a CTP 6aa represented by SEQ ID NO: 5 linked to a drug or therapeutic is administered at least once a week (e.g., once a week, twice a week, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or more times a week).
  • the formulation delivering a peptide of the present disclosure (e.g., any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-35) linked to a therapeutic agent (e.g., amiodarone) is a sustained release formulation administered about once per month, about once per every 2 months, about once per every 3 months, about once per every 2 weeks, about once per every 3 weeks, about once per every 4 weeks, about once per every 5 weeks, about once per every 6 weeks, about once per every 7 weeks, about once per every 8 weeks, about once per every 9 weeks, or about once per every 10 weeks.
  • the formulation delivering a peptide comprising a CTP 12aa represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 linked to a drug or therapeutic is a sustained release formulation administered about once per month, about once per every 2 months, about once per every 3 months, about once per every 2 weeks, about once per every 3 weeks, about once per every 4 weeks, about once per every 5 weeks, about once per every 6 weeks, about once per every 7 weeks, about once per every 8 weeks, about once per every 9 weeks, or about once per every 10 weeks.
  • the formulation delivering a peptide comprising a CTP 12aa represented by SEQ ID NO: 2 linked to a drug or therapeutic is a sustained release formulation administered about once per month, about once per every 2 months, about once per every 3 months, about once per every 2 weeks, about once per every 3 weeks, about once per every 4 weeks, about once per every 5 weeks, about once per every 6 weeks, about once per every 7 weeks, about once per every 8 weeks, about once per every 9 weeks, or about once per every 10 weeks.
  • the formulation delivering a peptide comprising a CTP 6aa represented by SEQ ID NO: 5 linked to a drug or therapeutic is a sustained release formulation administered about once per month, about once per every 2 months, about once per every 3 months, about once per every 2 weeks, about once per every 3 weeks, about once per every 4 weeks, about once per every 5 weeks, about once per every 6 weeks, about once per every 7 weeks, about once per every 8 weeks, about once per every 9 weeks, or about once per every 10 weeks.
  • a peptide of the present disclosure (e.g., any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-35) linked to a therapeutic agent (e.g., amiodarone or Neuregulin-1 ⁇ ) is administered at a rate of about 100 mg, 200 mg, 300 mg, 400 mg, 500 mg, 600 mg, 700 mg, 800 mg, 900 mg, 1000 mg, 1100 mg, 1200 mg, 1300 mg, 1400 mg, 1500 mg, 1600 mg, 1700 mg, 1800 mg, 1900 mg, or 2000 mg over a period of 24 hours, for example, the first 24 hour period of administration.
  • a therapeutic agent e.g., amiodarone or Neuregulin-1 ⁇
  • a formulation described herein is administered at a rate of between 100 mg and 500 mg, between 100 mg and 1000 mg, between 500 mg and 1000 mg, between 700 mg and 1000 mg, between 700 mg and 1500 mg, between 1200 mg and 1500 mg, between 1000 mg and 1500 mg, between 1000 mg and 2000 mg, between 1500 mg and 2000 mg, between 1700 mg and 2000 mg, between 800 mg and 1200 mg, between 800 and 1000 mg, between 800 mg and 1600 mg, between 600 mg and 800 mg, between 400 mg and 600 mg, or between 900 and 1200 mg over a period of 24 hours, for example, the first 24 hour period of administration.
  • a peptide of the present disclosure (e.g., any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-35) linked to a therapeutic agent (e.g., amiodarone or Neuregulin-1 ⁇ ) is administered in the form of a formulation that is administered orally, intravenously, enterally, parenterally, topically, by injection, intramuscularly, intraarterially, intrathecally, intracapsularly, intraorbitally, intracardiacly, intradermally, intraperitoneally, transtracheally, subcutaneously, subcuticularly, intraarticularly, subcapsularly, subarachnoidally, intraspinally, by epidural or infrasternal injection, or by infusion.
  • a therapeutic agent e.g., amiodarone or Neuregulin-1 ⁇
  • a formulation described herein can be administered by an infusion protocol.
  • a formulation can be administered, for example, by infusion, for example, in the form of a saline solution, where the solution includes a peptide of the present disclosure (e.g., any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-35) linked to a therapeutic agent (e.g., amiodarone or Neuregulin-1 ⁇ ).
  • a therapeutic agent e.g., amiodarone or Neuregulin-1 ⁇ .
  • the peptide linked to a therapeutic agent is administered to a patient in an amount of about 25 mg, 50 mg, 75 mg, 100 mg, 110 mg, 125 mg, 130 mg, 140 mg, 150 mg, 160 mg, 175 mg, 200 mg, 225 mg, 250 mg, 275 mg, 300 mg, 325 mg, 350 mg, 360 mg, 375 mg, 400 mg, 450 mg, 500 mg, 600 mg, 700 mg, 720 mg, 750 mg, 0 mg to 100 mg, 50 mg to 150 mg, 50 mg, to 100 mg, 100 mg to 200 mg, 200 mg to 300 mg, 200 mg to 400 mg, 200 mg to 500 mg, 100 mg to 150 mg, 100 mg to 500 mg, 150 mg to 300 mg, 100 mg to 360 mg, 100 mg to 400 mg, 300 mg to 500 mg, 300 mg to 600 mg, 300 mg to 600 mg, or 300 mg to 700 mg over a period of about 5 minutes, 10 minutes, 20 minutes, 30 minutes, 40 minutes, 50 minutes, 60 minutes, 90 minutes, 2 hours, 3 hours, 4 hours, 5 hours,
  • a formulation described herein can be administered by an infusion protocol.
  • a formulation can be administered, for example, by infusion, for example, in the form of a saline solution, where the solution includes a peptide of the present disclosure (e.g., any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-35) linked to a therapeutic agent (e.g., amiodarone or Neuregulin-1 ⁇ ).
  • a therapeutic agent e.g., amiodarone or Neuregulin-1 ⁇ .
  • the peptide linked to a therapeutic agent is administered to a patient in an amount of about 25 mg, 50 mg, 75 mg, 100 mg, 110 mg, 125 mg, 130 mg, 140 mg, 150 mg, 160 mg, 175 mg, 200 mg, 225 mg, 250 mg, 275 mg, 300 mg, 350 mg, 400 mg, 450 mg, 500 mg, 0 mg to 100 mg, 50 mg to 150 mg, 50 mg, to 100 mg, 100 mg to 200 mg, 200 mg to 300 mg, 200 mg to 400 mg, 200 mg to 500 mg, 100 mg to 150 mg, 100 mg to 500 mg, or 150 mg to 300 mg over about the first 1 minute, 3 minutes, 5 minutes, 7 minutes, 10 minutes, 12 minutes, 15 minutes, 20 minutes, or 30 minutes of infusion; after which the peptide linked to the therapeutic agent is administered to the patient in an amount of about 25 mg, 50 mg, 75 mg, 100 mg, 110 mg, 125 mg, 130 mg, 140 mg, 150 mg, 160 mg, 175 mg, 200 mg, 225 mg, 250 mg, 275
  • a formulation described herein is administered, for example, by infusion, where a peptide described herein (e.g., any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-35) linked to a therapeutic agent (e.g., amiodarone or Neuregulin-1 ⁇ ) is administered at a specified rate after about the first 24 hours of administration.
  • a therapeutic agent e.g., amiodarone or Neuregulin-1 ⁇
  • the peptide linked to a therapeutic agent is administered to a patient in an amount of about 25 mg, 50 mg, 75 mg, 100 mg, 110 mg, 125 mg, 130 mg, 140 mg, 150 mg, 160 mg, 175 mg, 200 mg, 225 mg, 250 mg, 275 mg, 300 mg, 325 mg, 350 mg, 360 mg, 375 mg, 400 mg, 450 mg, 475 mg, 500 mg, 510 mg, 520 mg, 530 mg, 540 mg, 550 mg, 560 mg, 570 mg, 580 mg, 590 mg, 600 mg, 700 mg, 720 mg, 750 mg, 800 mg, 900 mg, 950 mg, 1000 mg, 1050 mg, 1080 mg, 1100 mg, 1200 mg, 1300 mg, 1400 mg, 1500 mg, 1600 mg, 0 mg to 100 mg, 50 mg to 150 mg, 50 mg, to 100 mg, 100 mg to 200 mg, 200 mg to 300 mg, 200 mg to 400 mg, 200 mg to
  • the peptide linked to a therapeutic agent is administered to a patient in an amount of about 720 mg over 24 hours following the first 24 hours of administration.
  • the aforementioned administration may be continued for a period of about 1 day, 2 days, 3 days, 4 days, 5 days, 6 days, 1 week, 10 days, 12 days, 2 weeks, 15 days, 18 days, 20 days, 3 weeks, 4 weeks, 5 weeks, 6 weeks, 7 weeks, 8 weeks 9 weeks, 10 weeks, 11 weeks, 12 weeks, or longer.
  • a formulation described herein is administered, for example, by infusion or subcutaneously, where a peptide described herein (e.g., any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-35) linked to a therapeutic agent (e.g., amiodarone) is administered to achieve a serum circulating level of the therapeutic of about 10-2500 ng/mL in a patient.
  • a therapeutic agent e.g., amiodarone
  • the peptide linked to amiodarone is administered to a patient in an amount to achieve a serum circulating level of about 10 ng/mL, 25 ng/mL, 50 ng/mL, 75 ng/mL, 100 ng/mL, 110 ng/mL, 125 ng/mL, 130 ng/mL, 140 ng/mL, 150 ng/mL, 160 ng/mL, 175 ng/mL, 200 ng/mL, 225 ng/mL, 250 ng/mL, 275 ng/mL, 300 ng/mL, 325 ng/mL, 350 ng/mL, 360 ng/mL, 375 ng/mL, 400 ng/mL, 450 ng/mL, 475 ng/mL, 500 ng/mL, 510 ng/mL, 520 ng/mL, 530 ng/mL
  • the peptide of SEQ ID NO: 1, 2, or 5 linked to amiodarone is administered to a patient in an amount to achieve a serum circulating level of amiodarone of about 10 to 2500 ng/mL for 24 hours to 7 days following the first 24 hours of administration.
  • the aforementioned administration may be continued for a period of about 1 day, 2 days, 3 days, 4 days, 5 days, 6 days, 1 week, 10 days, 12 days, 2 weeks, 15 days, 18 days, 20 days, 3 weeks, 4 weeks, 5 weeks, 6 weeks, 7 weeks, 8 weeks 9 weeks, 10 weeks, 11 weeks, 12 weeks, or longer.
  • CTP refers to a Cardiac-specific Targeting-Peptide.
  • the CTP is comprised of a 6-amino acid long peptide, CTP 6aa .
  • the CTP 12aa is comprised of a 12-amino acid long peptide.
  • the CTP is conjugated to a moiety having antiarrhythmic properties.
  • an effective amount refers to the amount of an active agent (e.g., a CTP of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-35, for example SEQ ID NO: 1, 2, or 5, of the present disclosure) sufficient to effect beneficial or desired results.
  • An effective amount can be administered in one or more administrations, applications or dosages and is not intended to be limited to a particular formulation or administration route.
  • treat, “treating,” and “treatment” mean the treatment of a disease in a subject, e.g., in a human. This includes: (a) inhibiting the disease, i.e., arresting its development; and (b) relieving the disease, i.e., causing regression of the disease state.
  • the terms “subject” and “patient” refer to an organism to be treated by the methods and compositions described herein. Such organisms preferably include, but are not limited to, mammals (e.g., murines, simians, equines, bovines, porcines, canines, felines, and the like), and more preferably includes humans.
  • the methods and compositions described herein can be used alone or in combination with other therapeutic agents and/or modalities.
  • administered “in combination,” as used herein, is understood to mean that two (or more) different treatments are delivered to the subject during the course of the subject's affliction with the disorder, such that the effects of the treatments on the patient overlap at a point in time.
  • the delivery of one treatment is still occurring when the delivery of the second begins, so that there is overlap in terms of administration. This is sometimes referred to herein as “simultaneous” or “concurrent delivery.”
  • the delivery of one treatment ends before the delivery of the other treatment begins. In certain embodiments of either case, the treatment is more effective because of combined administration.
  • the second treatment is more effective, e.g., an equivalent effect is seen with less of the second treatment, or the second treatment reduces symptoms to a greater extent, than would be seen if the second treatment were administered in the absence of the first treatment, or the analogous situation is seen with the first treatment.
  • delivery is such that the reduction in a symptom, or other parameter related to the disorder is greater than what would be observed with one treatment delivered in the absence of the other.
  • the effect of the two treatments can be partially additive, wholly additive, or greater than additive.
  • the delivery can be such that an effect of the first treatment delivered is still detectable when the second is delivered.
  • compositions are described as having, including, or comprising specific components, or where processes and methods are described as having, including, or comprising specific steps, it is contemplated that, additionally, there are compositions of the present disclosure that consist essentially of, or consist of, the recited components, and that there are processes and methods according to the present disclosure that consist essentially of, or consist of, the recited processing steps.
  • an element or component is said to be included in and/or selected from a list of recited elements or components, it should be understood that the element or component can be any one of the recited elements or components, or the element or component can be selected from a group consisting of two or more of the recited elements or components.
  • This example describes the design and testing of cardiac-specific targeting peptide variants to determine the contribution of each amino acid residue to transduction activity.
  • APWHLSSQYSRT 12-amino acid peptide
  • Variants of SEQ ID NO: 1 in which every amino acid was systematically mutated to alanine were synthesized in the University of Pittsburgh Peptide Synthesis Facility. Each variant was conjugated to the Cyanine5.5 fluorescent dye (Cy5.5).
  • Cy5.5 Cyanine5.5 fluorescent dye
  • the rat cardiomyocyte cell line H9C2 ATCC, catalogue #: CRL-1446 was incubated for 30 minutes at 37° C. with Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as a control, or the alanine peptide variants. Cells were then washed 3 times with PBS, trypsinized and resuspended, stained for live/dead cells, and then FACS sorted for Cy5.5 positive cells.
  • DMSO Dimethyl sulfoxide
  • the fluorescence intensities of H9C2 cells transduced with the tested alanine variants are shown in FIG. 1A and FIG. 1B .
  • the percentage of Cy5.5 positive H9C2 cells, normalized to the non-mutated peptide (SEQ ID NO: 1), for each peptide variant is summarized in Table 2 below.
  • Example 1 The results described in Example 1 suggested that the cell penetrating ability of the cardiac-specific targeting peptide (APWHLSSQYSRT; SEQ ID NO: 1) resides in the 6 C-terminal amino acid residues.
  • Solid-phase peptide synthesis were used to synthesize the full-length form (NH 2 -APWHLSSQYSRT-COOH (SEQ ID NO: 1)), as well as an N-terminus 6 amino acid called CTP-A (NH 2 -APWHLS-COOH (SEQ ID NO: 24)), or as CTP 6aa (NH 2 -SQYSRT-COOH (SEQ ID NO: 5)) peptides.
  • Full length and CTP 6aa were also synthesized in a cyclic forms.
  • a random, linear, 12-amino acid long peptide (RAN: NH 2 -STLMKFCYVEQN-COOH (SEQ ID NO: 26) was also synthesized to serve as control.
  • Cy5.5 Cyanine5.5
  • CMC beating neonatal mouse cardiomyocytes
  • FIG. 2 As shown in FIG. 2 , shorter, linear versions of the cardiac-specific targeting peptide (APWHLSSQYSRT; SEQ ID NO: 1) were able to efficiently transduce the three cell lines tested. Across all three cell lines, the linear 6-amino acid C-terminal peptide variant transduced cells at least as well as the full-length peptide (compare CTP 6aa to CTP in FIGS. 2A-2D ). Cyclization of the 6-amino acid peptide variants decreased the transduction efficiency of H9C2 cells considerably ( FIGS. 2A-2B ). Compared to the full-length peptide and DMSO control, transduction of H9C2 cells and MEFs with the linear 6 amino acid C-terminal peptide variants did not alter cell viability ( FIG. 2E ).
  • AWHLSSQYSRT cardiac-specific targeting peptide
  • This example describes the use of the cardiac-specific targeting peptide via conjugation at the C-terminus to deliver a rhodamine cargo to the intracellular compartments of cardiomyocytes.
  • the cardiac-specific targeting peptide was synthesized in the University of Pittsburgh Peptide Synthesis Facility and labeled at the N-terminus with carboxyfluorescein (green), and with rhodamine (red) at the C-terminus through an ester linkage. Beating cardiomyocytes derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) were then incubated with the dual labeled peptide for 30 minutes at 37° C., washed 3 ⁇ with PBS and immediately thereafter, live cell imaging was performed using confocal microscopy.
  • iPSC human induced pluripotent stem cells
  • FIG. 3C demonstrates that the dual labeled peptide successfully entered the beating human iPSC derived cardiomyocytes, and also that ester-linkage of a cargo to the C-terminus of the cardiac-specific targeting peptide resulted in delivery of the cargo to intracellular compartments due to cleavage of the ester linkage by intracellular esterase(s).
  • FIG. 3C demonstrates that the rhodamine (red) moiety conjugated to the C-terminus of CTP remained inside the cells while the carboxyfluorescein (green) moiety was expelled.
  • the data showed that conjugation the rhodamine cargo to the C-terminus of the cardiac-specific targeting peptide (e.g., CTP 6aa ) delivered the cargo inside of cells, while the cargo conjugated to the N-terminus was ejected, which in effect, worked as an internal control.
  • the cardiac-specific targeting peptide e.g., CTP 6aa
  • CTP-Cy5.5 Cy5.5-labeled CTP
  • RAN-Cy5.5 control 12 amino acid random peptide sequence labeled with Cy5.5
  • the sections were cross-stained with nuclear stain 40,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) and mounted, and fluorescent microscopy was performed. Fluorescence was quantified using ImageJ (National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Md., USA). All time-points and peptides were run in triplicate. Robust uptake of CTP-Cy5.5 was observed, peaking at 15 minutes post injection ( FIG. 5 ). Significantly more uptake of CTP-Cy5.5 was observed at each time point compared to uptake of RAN-Cy5.5.
  • DAPI nuclear stain 40,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole
  • CTP fluorescently-labeled CTP variants
  • CTP-B CTP-B, H4A, P2A
  • RAN fluorescently-labeled random peptide sequence
  • Example 5 Amiodarone-CTP for Treating Atrial and/or Ventricular Arrhythmias
  • Solid phase peptide synthesis of the Amiodarone-CTP peptides is performed with synthesis of the CTP peptides on Rink Amide MBHA resin using Fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl (FMOC) chemistry with Oxyma/DIC (Ethyl-(2Z)-2-cyano-2-hydroxyiminoacetate/N,N Diisopropylcarbodiimide) activation on a Liberty CEM microwave synthesizer.
  • FMOC Fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl
  • Oxyma/DIC Ethyl-(2Z)-2-cyano-2-hydroxyiminoacetate/N,N Diisopropylcarbodiimide
  • the N-terminal amino group of the NH2-CTP-MBHA resin is conjugated with 6-(Fmoc-amino)-hexanoic acid in DIPEA/TBTU/Hobt/DMF overnight at room temperature.
  • the FMOC-group is removed from the FMOC-hexanoyl-CTP peptides-MBHA resin using 20% Piperidine/DMF for 30 minutes at room temperature.
  • Amiodarone-HCL Sigma Aldrich
  • Amiodarone-HCL Sigma Aldrich
  • Cleavage of Amiodarone-hexanoyl-CTP peptides-MBHA resin is accomplished using TFA/scavengers for 2 hours at room temperature, and then precipitated with Diethyl Ether. Residual scavengers are extracted from the crude peptide by three rounds of ether washes.
  • Neuregulin-1 ⁇ along with its receptors (ErbB2-4 is required for normal cardiac development and has been shown to reduce apoptosis, myocardial fibrosis and reduce infarct size in animal models of diabetes as well as infarction.
  • ErbB2-4 is required for normal cardiac development and has been shown to reduce apoptosis, myocardial fibrosis and reduce infarct size in animal models of diabetes as well as infarction.
  • a few small clinical trials have also shown efficacy of parenteral treatment with recombinant human Neuregulin-1 ⁇ in patients with SHF. However, progress in bringing this therapy to the clinic has been hampered by significant liver toxicity as well as hypoglycemia.
  • This example provides a fusion protein of Neuregulin-1 ⁇ and CTP peptides, with CTP downstream of Neuregulin-1 ⁇ or attached to its C-terminus.
  • Primers are designed for Neuregulin-1 ⁇ with sequence of CTP added to the reverse sequence.
  • the combined fusion protein sequence is generated by PCR using mouse genomic DNA extracted from Lungs, Liver or Kidneys. Standard cloning techniques are used to blunt-end ligate the product into a cloning T7 plasmid which is then used to transform BL21 bacterial cells. Colonies that emerge carrying the relevant antibiotic resistance are sequenced and the ones carrying the right sequence, expanded and preserved as the transformed cells of choice.
  • these cells are grown in large scale ( ⁇ 500-1000 ml) culture medium and induced to produce the fusion protein under Isopropyl- ⁇ -D-thiogalactoside stimulation.
  • the protein is isolated using His-tag and His-coated beads and characterized by Western blot.

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