US20210177054A1 - Electronic smoking device and capsule system - Google Patents
Electronic smoking device and capsule system Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20210177054A1 US20210177054A1 US17/160,154 US202117160154A US2021177054A1 US 20210177054 A1 US20210177054 A1 US 20210177054A1 US 202117160154 A US202117160154 A US 202117160154A US 2021177054 A1 US2021177054 A1 US 2021177054A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- capsule
- electronic smoking
- smoking device
- controller
- control electronics
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 87
- 230000000391 smoking effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000000443 aerosol Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 19
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 10
- 229940008126 aerosol Drugs 0.000 description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 2
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002457 bidirectional effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003571 electronic cigarette Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012774 insulation material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910021426 porous silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001007 puffing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000011664 signaling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24F—SMOKERS' REQUISITES; MATCH BOXES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES
- A24F40/00—Electrically operated smoking devices; Component parts thereof; Manufacture thereof; Maintenance or testing thereof; Charging means specially adapted therefor
- A24F40/40—Constructional details, e.g. connection of cartridges and battery parts
- A24F40/42—Cartridges or containers for inhalable precursors
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24F—SMOKERS' REQUISITES; MATCH BOXES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES
- A24F40/00—Electrically operated smoking devices; Component parts thereof; Manufacture thereof; Maintenance or testing thereof; Charging means specially adapted therefor
- A24F40/50—Control or monitoring
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24F—SMOKERS' REQUISITES; MATCH BOXES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES
- A24F40/00—Electrically operated smoking devices; Component parts thereof; Manufacture thereof; Maintenance or testing thereof; Charging means specially adapted therefor
- A24F40/65—Devices with integrated communication means, e.g. wireless communication means
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
- H04L9/06—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols the encryption apparatus using shift registers or memories for block-wise or stream coding, e.g. DES systems or RC4; Hash functions; Pseudorandom sequence generators
- H04L9/0643—Hash functions, e.g. MD5, SHA, HMAC or f9 MAC
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
- H04L9/32—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system or for message authentication, e.g. authorization, entity authentication, data integrity or data verification, non-repudiation, key authentication or verification of credentials
- H04L9/3236—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system or for message authentication, e.g. authorization, entity authentication, data integrity or data verification, non-repudiation, key authentication or verification of credentials using cryptographic hash functions
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B1/00—Details of electric heating devices
- H05B1/02—Automatic switching arrangements specially adapted to apparatus ; Control of heating devices
- H05B1/0227—Applications
- H05B1/023—Industrial applications
- H05B1/0244—Heating of fluids
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24F—SMOKERS' REQUISITES; MATCH BOXES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES
- A24F40/00—Electrically operated smoking devices; Component parts thereof; Manufacture thereof; Maintenance or testing thereof; Charging means specially adapted therefor
- A24F40/10—Devices using liquid inhalable precursors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
- H05B2203/021—Heaters specially adapted for heating liquids
Definitions
- An electronic smoking device such as an electronic cigarette, usually includes a housing accommodating an electric power source (e.g., a battery or a rechargeable battery), an electrically heatable atomizer including an electric heater adapted to atomize a liquid supplied from a reservoir (capsule) in order to provide an aerosol exiting from the atomizer.
- Control electronics control activation of the heater of the atomizer.
- a puff detector provided within the electronic smoking device is arranged to detect a user puffing on the device (e.g., by sensing an under-pressure or an air flow pattern through the device) and signals the puff to the control electronics. When a signal is detected the control electronics activate the atomizer, which creates an aerosol, referred to here as “atomizing”.
- the aerosol created may include vapor as well as gaseous and smoke constituents.
- liquid container such as a capsule or cartridge
- liquid to be atomized is disposable and the user simply replaces the container as a whole when it is empty or when a different type of liquid is to be atomized.
- an electronic smoking device may include a housing, control electronics, and a puff detector.
- the housing may hold a battery for powering an atomizer (e.g., an electrically heatable atomizer), which atomizes a liquid supplied from the capsule to provide an aerosol.
- the control electronics controls the atomizer (e.g., by controlling its heater).
- the puff detector indicates an aerosol inhaling puff to the control electronics.
- a container or capsule contains the liquid to be supplied to the atomizer.
- the capsule may include a controller which receives data from the control electronics of the electronic smoking device and to transmit data to the control electronics.
- the capsule may have a wired or wireless communication device which is adapted to transfer the data.
- the control electronics of the electronic smoking device and the controller of the capsule may be adapted to execute a challenge response authentication. If the capsule is not able to authenticate, it can be disregarded by the electronic smoking device, for example by not operating a heater of the atomizer.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic longitudinal section view of an electronic smoking device and a capsule.
- FIG. 2 is an enlarged schematic longitudinal section of the capsule of FIG. 1 .
- FIG. 3 is a schematic longitudinal section of another embodiment of the capsule, in which an atomizer is integrated
- FIG. 4 is a top view of a support plate used for holding part of the atomizer of the capsule according to FIG. 3 .
- FIG. 5 is a flow chart illustrating challenge response authentication.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic partial longitudinal section of another capsule embodiment.
- an electronic smoking device 1 may have a cylinder-like housing 2 and a mouthpiece 4 , which is designed as a detachable cap. Removing the mouthpiece 4 provides access to a replaceable capsule 6 , which serves as a reservoir for a liquid and also contains an electronic controller.
- a battery 10 in the housing may be a re-chargeable lithium ion battery and may include its own circuitry.
- the battery 10 is connected, via leads 12 and 13 , to control electronics 14 , which typically includes integrated circuits mounted on a printed circuit board 15 .
- the printed circuit board 15 may also support a plurality of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) 16 , which are assembled behind respective windows provided in the housing 2 and indicate the current status of the electronic smoking device 1 .
- LEDs light-emitting diodes
- a puff detector 18 is connected to the control electronics 14 .
- the puff detector 18 may be an inhalation sensor, which detects the vacuum generated inside the housing 2 when a user inhales at the mouthpiece 4 .
- An atomizer 20 has a heater 22 connected via leads 23 to the control electronics 14 .
- the heater 22 includes a heating wire optionally mounted at a ceramics shell which also supports a wick 24 made of braided metal or sponge-like material, fibers, sintered metal, or similar liquid conveying element.
- a piercing tip 25 at the distant end of the wick 24 is able to penetrate a membrane 26 used for sealing the capsule 6 so that liquid 28 contained in the capsule 6 can be guided out of the capsule 6 and through the wick 24 to the area of the heater 22 .
- the mouthpiece 4 has an inhalation aperture 30 .
- a charging port 32 is provided which permits re-charging of the battery 10 , e.g. via a USB port.
- a consumer inserts a fresh capsule 6 into the housing 2 so that the capsule membrane 26 is pierced and liquid is supplied from the capsule 6 via the wick 24 to the area of the heater 22 .
- the puff detector 18 senses the resulting vacuum inside the housing 2 and sends a puff signal to the control electronics 14 .
- the control electronics turns on the heater 22 which atomizes nearby liquid and creates an aerosol, which is inhaled by the consumer.
- the heater 22 may remain switched on for a predetermined period of time.
- the heater 22 may be provided in various other forms of direct heating and indirect heating of the liquid, each having advantages.
- the liquid directly contacts the heating element, which may be a wire coil, rod or other heater surface.
- the liquid contacts a surface heated by a separate heating element, which does not come into direct contact with the liquid.
- Other types of atomizers or vaporizers may alternatively be used.
- Various ultrasonic atomizers are effective in creating vapor without heating. For example, an ultrasonic atomizer using a free-running Colpitts oscillator generates high-frequency energy in the range between 800 kHz and 2000 kHz driving a piezoelectric vibrator converting liquid into vapor.
- Atomizers having electrostatic, electromagnetic or pneumatic elements have also been proposed.
- FIG. 2 is an enlarged view similar to FIG. 1 and illustrates a capsule 6 containing an electronic controller 40 including a processor.
- the capsule 6 has a housing formed as a shell 42 optionally made of plastic material, and the controller 40 is accommodated in a cavity of the shell 42 preferably separated from the liquid 28 by an intermediate wall 44 .
- the controller 40 is electrically connected to the control electronics 14 of the electronic smoking device 1 by means of three electrical contacts 50 , 51 and 52 at an outer face of the shell, three related counter-contacts arranged in the electronic smoking device 1 opposite to the contacts 50 , 51 , 52 , and three leads 54 , 55 and 56 connecting these counter-contacts to the control electronics 14 .
- the contact 50 and lead 54 designates a common ground
- the contact 51 and the lead 55 provide a line for permanently powering the controller 40
- the contact 52 and the lead 56 provide a signal line for data transfer.
- FIG. 3 shows an alternative capsule 60 referred to as a “cartomizer” (from “cartridge” and “atomizer”) because an atomizer is integrated into the cartridge or capsule.
- the cartomizer 60 has a cylindrical casing 62 optionally made of plastic material and including an end wall 64 having a center opening 65 .
- the casing 62 contains an internal cavity 66 filled in its peripheral (but nevertheless major) area with a liquid holding material such as polyester fleece that is soaked with the liquid to be atomized.
- this material forms a reservoir 68 for the liquid.
- a wick bracket 70 made of porous Si 0 2 is used, which touches the reservoir 68 at its ends.
- a heating wire 72 is wound about the wick bracket 70 .
- the wick bracket 70 including the heating wire 72 is mounted on a support plate 74 of e.g. a ceramics material, which has two ventilation holes 76 and two small holes 77 through which the ends of the heating wire 72 are guided.
- the support plate 74 provides for sufficient heat shielding so that an intermediate wall 78 does not overheat during operation of the heating wire 72 .
- the intermediate wall 78 separates the atomizer area of the cartomizer 60 from an additional compartment housing a controller 80 as well as a small battery for powering the controller 80 and a wireless communication device.
- some electrical contacts are provided at the lateral wall of the compartment, which permit the transfer of electrical power from the battery of the electronic smoking device to the controller 80 and the transfer of data between the controller 80 and the control electronics of the electronic smoking device.
- the controller 80 may be used for challenge response authentication, like controller 40 of capsule 6 .
- the leads of the heating wire 72 are guided through the compartment of the controller 80 and are soldered to a central inner contact 82 and an annular outer contact 84 , respectively, arranged in a coaxial way, with insulation material 86 in between.
- the cartomizer 60 can be mounted at an electronic smoking device adapted to this type of capsule so that the contacts 82 and 84 electrically connect with corresponding contacts of the electronic smoking device, which are connected to control electronics similar to the control electronics 14 .
- control electronics similar to the control electronics 14 .
- the control electronics provides electrical current to the heating wire 72 via a battery in the electronic smoking device.
- the heating wire 72 heats the wick bracket 70 , and the liquid entering the porous wick bracket 70 from the porous reservoir 68 by capillary forces is atomized into the cavity 66 .
- the aero-sol thus created leaves the cavity 66 via the opening 65 . Ventilation holes of the capsule 60 in the vicinity of the heating wire 72 may be provided to improve the flow of the aerosol.
- control electronics of the electronic smoking device of FIGS. 3-4 may be adapted to perform a challenge response authentication with the controller 80 of the cartomizer 60 .
- FIG. 6 shows another embodiment with the heating wire 72 in the form of a coil at a generally central position of the reservoir 68 .
- the heating wire 72 is wound around a bundle of fibers 71 that project into or otherwise contact the reservoir.
- liquid is carried via the bundle of fibers to the heating wire 72 where the liquid is heated to form a vapor.
- FIG. 5 shows a flow diagram illustrating the course of a challenge response authentication, as executed by capsule 6 when mounted at the electronic smoking device 1 or by cartomizer 60 when mounted at a corresponding electronic smoking device.
- the left or master side of FIG. 5 displays the steps executed by the control electronics of the electronic smoking device, and the right or servant side displays the steps executed by the controller of the capsule.
- the capsule is connected to the electronic smoking device by means of a bidirectional electrical communication which allows the transmission of sequences of digital “1” and “0” values.
- Both the electronic smoking device and the capsule contain a shared digital token (or key) which is kept secret and which is never transmitted.
- This token may be a sequence of “1” and “0” values.
- RMD Nr. random number
- the random number is created by the control electronics of the electronic smoking device, i.e. by the master side.
- the servant side applies its known secret key to the random number using a standard cryptographic algorithm (e.g., AES or similar) and uses a standard hash algorithm to add a hash key. This information is then sent back to the master side.
- a standard cryptographic algorithm e.g., AES or similar
- the master side uses the same cryptographic algorithm and the same hash algorithm as the servant side and is therefore able to check the hash value and to decrypt the transmitted value again. If the result is the random number originally sent, the master side can be reasonably sure that the servant side or capsule is authentic as it has the common secret key and that communication is secure and can continue. Alternatively, the master side may compare the transmitted value to the encrypted original random number.
- the comparison of the received encrypted random number with the computed encrypted random number can also be expressed as a comparison of the received encrypted random number after decryption (involving the known encryption including the secret key) with the original random number. Both approaches are to be covered by the invention as defined in the claims.
- control electronics of the electronic smoking device and the controller of the capsule share a common secret key which, however, cannot be read out of the electronic components.
- all data transferred via electrical contacts (or wireless) a third party could interfere with are encrypted.
- the original random number is produced in the capsule so that the master and servant functions are reversed.
- all parts of the communication can be encrypted to prevent external equipment from being used to interfere with or analyze the communication between the electronic smoking device and the capsule.
- a capsule 6 is provided with three electrical contacts 50 , 51 and 52 providing for connection to a common ground 50 , 54 , a line 51 , 55 for permanently powering the controller 40 , and a signal line 52 , 56 for data transfer.
- only two electrical contacts may be provided and a capacitor may be provided in the capsule 6 to store charge and power the electronic controller 40 or 80 in intervals when it is not powered directly by the a battery 10 .
- the capsule 6 may additionally include a diode to prevent discharging of the capacitor when the capacitor powers the electronic controller 40 or 80 .
- a signal line has to be put to voltage levels representing two different states, e.g. ground voltage level for logical “0” and a distinctly different positive (or negative) voltage level for logical “1” or for separating ground voltage level signals of different duration.
- the capacitor in the capsule is used. The capacitor is charged by the electronic smoking device so that it can power the controller in the capsule during intermediate intervals, e.g. during intervals when the signal line is at ground voltage level during data transmission when it is not able to provide power to the controller.
- communication between the electronic controller 40 and the control electronics 14 of the electronic smoking device may be initiated by the control electronics 14 of the electronic smoking device providing a long pulse e.g. 100 ms, which charges the capacitor in the capsule 6 .
- the main unit can send information in a binary encoded form wherein “1” and “0” are represented by electrical levels, e.g. a “0” is represented by no power while a “1” is indicated by supplying power and wherein, e.g., all the pulses have the same length.
- the end of communication can be marked with a power-on pulse of a different duration.
- information may be sent by representing “1” and “0” by different power-on durations, with power-off phases in between for separating these pulses.
- the power-off phases should be kept short, e.g. no longer than 2 ms, because during these phases the capacitor is not charged and rather serves as the power supply for the electronic controller 40 in the capsule 6 .
- the electrical contacts for providing a means of electrical communication between the electronic controller 40 or 80 of the capsule 6 and the control electronics 14 of the electronic smoking device may be provided in a number of different ways.
- a non-conductive base material of the shell 42 of the capsule 6 may be coated with a first conductive layer (or area) on the inside and a second conductive layer (or area) on the outside of the shell, providing two electrical contacts which are isolated from each other.
- the first conductive area of the shell may be contacted, e.g., by a metal part used for piercing the membrane in order to open a hole for passing the liquid.
- the second conductive area can be connected, e.g., via a support metal part holding the capsule.
- the complexity of the capsule 6 may be reduced by utilizing a metal foil enclosing a capsule 6 as one of the electrical contacts for incorporating the controller 40 within an electrical circuit and connecting the controller 40 with the battery 10 and/or the control electronics 14 of the electronic smoking device 1 .
- the challenge response authentication requires only a few components and does not involve complex arithmetic or complex algorithms on either part.
- the control electronics of the electronic smoking device usually will al-ready include a processor which is able to perform the authentication or otherwise will be able to do so at a small amount of extra cost.
- the controller of the capsule may also perform other tasks, e.g. for storing information on the actual amount of liquid in the capsule, so that it provides additional benefit and need not to be added exclusively for authentication purposes.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
- Catching Or Destruction (AREA)
- Medical Preparation Storing Or Oral Administration Devices (AREA)
- Measurement Of The Respiration, Hearing Ability, Form, And Blood Characteristics Of Living Organisms (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/321,947 filed Dec. 23, 2016 and now pending, which is a Section 371 U.S. National Phase Application of International Patent Application No. PCT/EP2015/001206, filed Dec. 6, 2015, which claims priority of European Patent Application No. 14002222.9, filed on Jun. 27, 2014. These applications are incorporated herein by reference.
- An electronic smoking device, such as an electronic cigarette, usually includes a housing accommodating an electric power source (e.g., a battery or a rechargeable battery), an electrically heatable atomizer including an electric heater adapted to atomize a liquid supplied from a reservoir (capsule) in order to provide an aerosol exiting from the atomizer. Control electronics control activation of the heater of the atomizer. A puff detector provided within the electronic smoking device is arranged to detect a user puffing on the device (e.g., by sensing an under-pressure or an air flow pattern through the device) and signals the puff to the control electronics. When a signal is detected the control electronics activate the atomizer, which creates an aerosol, referred to here as “atomizing”. The aerosol created may include vapor as well as gaseous and smoke constituents.
- In many electronic smoking devices the liquid container, such as a capsule or cartridge) containing liquid to be atomized is disposable and the user simply replaces the container as a whole when it is empty or when a different type of liquid is to be atomized.
- However, this allows users to use a replacement container that may not meet the quality and technical specifications of device manufacturer. Accordingly there is a need for an electronic smoking device and a capsule system in which the authenticity of a liquid container or capsule can be confirmed.
- In one aspect an electronic smoking device may include a housing, control electronics, and a puff detector. The housing may hold a battery for powering an atomizer (e.g., an electrically heatable atomizer), which atomizes a liquid supplied from the capsule to provide an aerosol. The control electronics controls the atomizer (e.g., by controlling its heater). The puff detector indicates an aerosol inhaling puff to the control electronics.
- A container or capsule contains the liquid to be supplied to the atomizer. The capsule may include a controller which receives data from the control electronics of the electronic smoking device and to transmit data to the control electronics. Moreover, the capsule may have a wired or wireless communication device which is adapted to transfer the data.
- The control electronics of the electronic smoking device and the controller of the capsule may be adapted to execute a challenge response authentication. If the capsule is not able to authenticate, it can be disregarded by the electronic smoking device, for example by not operating a heater of the atomizer.
- In the drawings the same element number indicates the same element in each of the views:
-
FIG. 1 is a schematic longitudinal section view of an electronic smoking device and a capsule. -
FIG. 2 is an enlarged schematic longitudinal section of the capsule ofFIG. 1 . -
FIG. 3 is a schematic longitudinal section of another embodiment of the capsule, in which an atomizer is integrated, -
FIG. 4 is a top view of a support plate used for holding part of the atomizer of the capsule according toFIG. 3 , and -
FIG. 5 is a flow chart illustrating challenge response authentication. -
FIG. 6 is a schematic partial longitudinal section of another capsule embodiment. - As shown in
FIG. 1 , anelectronic smoking device 1 may have a cylinder-like housing 2 and amouthpiece 4, which is designed as a detachable cap. Removing themouthpiece 4 provides access to areplaceable capsule 6, which serves as a reservoir for a liquid and also contains an electronic controller. - A
battery 10 in the housing may be a re-chargeable lithium ion battery and may include its own circuitry. Thebattery 10 is connected, vialeads electronics 14, which typically includes integrated circuits mounted on a printedcircuit board 15. The printedcircuit board 15 may also support a plurality of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) 16, which are assembled behind respective windows provided in thehousing 2 and indicate the current status of theelectronic smoking device 1. - A
puff detector 18 is connected to thecontrol electronics 14. Thepuff detector 18 may be an inhalation sensor, which detects the vacuum generated inside thehousing 2 when a user inhales at themouthpiece 4. - An
atomizer 20 has aheater 22 connected vialeads 23 to thecontrol electronics 14. Theheater 22 includes a heating wire optionally mounted at a ceramics shell which also supports awick 24 made of braided metal or sponge-like material, fibers, sintered metal, or similar liquid conveying element. Apiercing tip 25 at the distant end of thewick 24 is able to penetrate amembrane 26 used for sealing thecapsule 6 so thatliquid 28 contained in thecapsule 6 can be guided out of thecapsule 6 and through thewick 24 to the area of theheater 22. - At its free end, the
mouthpiece 4 has aninhalation aperture 30. At the opposite end of theelectronic smoking device 1, acharging port 32 is provided which permits re-charging of thebattery 10, e.g. via a USB port. - To use the
electronic smoking device 1, a consumer inserts afresh capsule 6 into thehousing 2 so that thecapsule membrane 26 is pierced and liquid is supplied from thecapsule 6 via thewick 24 to the area of theheater 22. When the consumer inhales at theinhalation aperture 30, thepuff detector 18 senses the resulting vacuum inside thehousing 2 and sends a puff signal to thecontrol electronics 14. In response, the control electronics turns on theheater 22 which atomizes nearby liquid and creates an aerosol, which is inhaled by the consumer. Theheater 22 may remain switched on for a predetermined period of time. - The
heater 22 may be provided in various other forms of direct heating and indirect heating of the liquid, each having advantages. In direct heating designs, the liquid directly contacts the heating element, which may be a wire coil, rod or other heater surface. In indirect heating designs, the liquid contacts a surface heated by a separate heating element, which does not come into direct contact with the liquid. Other types of atomizers or vaporizers may alternatively be used. Various ultrasonic atomizers are effective in creating vapor without heating. For example, an ultrasonic atomizer using a free-running Colpitts oscillator generates high-frequency energy in the range between 800 kHz and 2000 kHz driving a piezoelectric vibrator converting liquid into vapor. Atomizers having electrostatic, electromagnetic or pneumatic elements have also been proposed. -
FIG. 2 is an enlarged view similar toFIG. 1 and illustrates acapsule 6 containing anelectronic controller 40 including a processor. Thecapsule 6 has a housing formed as ashell 42 optionally made of plastic material, and thecontroller 40 is accommodated in a cavity of theshell 42 preferably separated from theliquid 28 by anintermediate wall 44. Thecontroller 40 is electrically connected to thecontrol electronics 14 of theelectronic smoking device 1 by means of threeelectrical contacts electronic smoking device 1 opposite to thecontacts control electronics 14. In the example shown, thecontact 50 andlead 54 designates a common ground, thecontact 51 and thelead 55 provide a line for permanently powering thecontroller 40, and thecontact 52 and thelead 56 provide a signal line for data transfer. -
FIG. 3 shows analternative capsule 60 referred to as a “cartomizer” (from “cartridge” and “atomizer”) because an atomizer is integrated into the cartridge or capsule. - In this embodiment, the
cartomizer 60 has acylindrical casing 62 optionally made of plastic material and including anend wall 64 having a center opening 65. Thecasing 62 contains aninternal cavity 66 filled in its peripheral (but nevertheless major) area with a liquid holding material such as polyester fleece that is soaked with the liquid to be atomized. Thus, this material forms areservoir 68 for the liquid. For guiding the liquid out of thereservoir 68, awick bracket 70 made of porous Si0 2 is used, which touches thereservoir 68 at its ends. Aheating wire 72 is wound about thewick bracket 70. Referring also toFIG. 4 , thewick bracket 70 including theheating wire 72 is mounted on asupport plate 74 of e.g. a ceramics material, which has twoventilation holes 76 and twosmall holes 77 through which the ends of theheating wire 72 are guided. - The
support plate 74 provides for sufficient heat shielding so that anintermediate wall 78 does not overheat during operation of theheating wire 72. Theintermediate wall 78 separates the atomizer area of thecartomizer 60 from an additional compartment housing acontroller 80 as well as a small battery for powering thecontroller 80 and a wireless communication device. In a variant of the embodiment, some electrical contacts are provided at the lateral wall of the compartment, which permit the transfer of electrical power from the battery of the electronic smoking device to thecontroller 80 and the transfer of data between thecontroller 80 and the control electronics of the electronic smoking device. Thecontroller 80 may be used for challenge response authentication, likecontroller 40 ofcapsule 6. - The leads of the
heating wire 72 are guided through the compartment of thecontroller 80 and are soldered to a centralinner contact 82 and an annularouter contact 84, respectively, arranged in a coaxial way, withinsulation material 86 in between. - The
cartomizer 60 can be mounted at an electronic smoking device adapted to this type of capsule so that thecontacts control electronics 14. When a puff detector similar topuff detector 18 senses a puff, the control electronics provides electrical current to theheating wire 72 via a battery in the electronic smoking device. Theheating wire 72 heats thewick bracket 70, and the liquid entering theporous wick bracket 70 from theporous reservoir 68 by capillary forces is atomized into thecavity 66. The aero-sol thus created leaves thecavity 66 via theopening 65. Ventilation holes of thecapsule 60 in the vicinity of theheating wire 72 may be provided to improve the flow of the aerosol. - Similar to the embodiment illustrated in
FIGS. 1 and 2 , the control electronics of the electronic smoking device ofFIGS. 3-4 may be adapted to perform a challenge response authentication with thecontroller 80 of thecartomizer 60. -
FIG. 6 shows another embodiment with theheating wire 72 in the form of a coil at a generally central position of thereservoir 68. Theheating wire 72 is wound around a bundle of fibers 71 that project into or otherwise contact the reservoir. In use liquid is carried via the bundle of fibers to theheating wire 72 where the liquid is heated to form a vapor. -
FIG. 5 shows a flow diagram illustrating the course of a challenge response authentication, as executed bycapsule 6 when mounted at theelectronic smoking device 1 or bycartomizer 60 when mounted at a corresponding electronic smoking device. - The left or master side of
FIG. 5 displays the steps executed by the control electronics of the electronic smoking device, and the right or servant side displays the steps executed by the controller of the capsule. In this embodiment, the capsule is connected to the electronic smoking device by means of a bidirectional electrical communication which allows the transmission of sequences of digital “1” and “0” values. - Both the electronic smoking device and the capsule contain a shared digital token (or key) which is kept secret and which is never transmitted. This token may be a sequence of “1” and “0” values.
- Communication is then established by creating a random number (RND Nr.) which is sent from the master side to the servant side of the system. The random number is created by the control electronics of the electronic smoking device, i.e. by the master side.
- The servant side applies its known secret key to the random number using a standard cryptographic algorithm (e.g., AES or similar) and uses a standard hash algorithm to add a hash key. This information is then sent back to the master side.
- The master side uses the same cryptographic algorithm and the same hash algorithm as the servant side and is therefore able to check the hash value and to decrypt the transmitted value again. If the result is the random number originally sent, the master side can be reasonably sure that the servant side or capsule is authentic as it has the common secret key and that communication is secure and can continue. Alternatively, the master side may compare the transmitted value to the encrypted original random number.
- The comparison of the received encrypted random number with the computed encrypted random number (applying the known random number and the known encryption including the secret key) can also be expressed as a comparison of the received encrypted random number after decryption (involving the known encryption including the secret key) with the original random number. Both approaches are to be covered by the invention as defined in the claims.
- Thus, the control electronics of the electronic smoking device and the controller of the capsule share a common secret key which, however, cannot be read out of the electronic components. On the other hand, all data transferred via electrical contacts (or wireless) a third party could interfere with are encrypted.
- In a variant, the original random number is produced in the capsule so that the master and servant functions are reversed.
- In a more complex embodiment, all parts of the communication can be encrypted to prevent external equipment from being used to interfere with or analyze the communication between the electronic smoking device and the capsule.
- In the above embodiment, a system has been described where a
capsule 6 is provided with threeelectrical contacts common ground line controller 40, and asignal line capsule 6 to store charge and power theelectronic controller battery 10. In such embodiments thecapsule 6 may additionally include a diode to prevent discharging of the capacitor when the capacitor powers theelectronic controller - Generally, two electrical contacts are required to power the controller in the capsule via the battery of the electronic smoking device. On the other hand, to transmit digital information, a signal line has to be put to voltage levels representing two different states, e.g. ground voltage level for logical “0” and a distinctly different positive (or negative) voltage level for logical “1” or for separating ground voltage level signals of different duration. To achieve the supply of power and the transmission of data with a total of two electrical contacts only, the capacitor in the capsule is used. The capacitor is charged by the electronic smoking device so that it can power the controller in the capsule during intermediate intervals, e.g. during intervals when the signal line is at ground voltage level during data transmission when it is not able to provide power to the controller.
- Where a capacitor for powering the
electronic controller 40 is provided, communication between theelectronic controller 40 and thecontrol electronics 14 of the electronic smoking device may be initiated by thecontrol electronics 14 of the electronic smoking device providing a long pulse e.g. 100 ms, which charges the capacitor in thecapsule 6. - Afterwards, the main unit can send information in a binary encoded form wherein “1” and “0” are represented by electrical levels, e.g. a “0” is represented by no power while a “1” is indicated by supplying power and wherein, e.g., all the pulses have the same length. The end of communication can be marked with a power-on pulse of a different duration. Alternatively, information may be sent by representing “1” and “0” by different power-on durations, with power-off phases in between for separating these pulses. In such an embodiment the power-off phases should be kept short, e.g. no longer than 2 ms, because during these phases the capacitor is not charged and rather serves as the power supply for the
electronic controller 40 in thecapsule 6. - Other embodiments using alternative data transfer schemes may be used. It will, however, be appreciated that where a
controller capsule 6 is powered via the dis-charge of a capacitor, suitable data signaling schemes should be designed accounting for the limitations of powering acontroller capsule 6 by virtue of the discharge of a capacitor. Thus for example it is preferable that suitable data transfer schemes use an initial period of higher voltage when first communicating so that the initial start signal might be utilized to charge the capacitor. Further it is preferable that power off phases should be kept short as during such phases the power needs for thecontroller 40 are provided through the discharge of the capacitor. - The electrical contacts for providing a means of electrical communication between the
electronic controller capsule 6 and thecontrol electronics 14 of the electronic smoking device may be provided in a number of different ways. - For example, a non-conductive base material of the
shell 42 of thecapsule 6 may be coated with a first conductive layer (or area) on the inside and a second conductive layer (or area) on the outside of the shell, providing two electrical contacts which are isolated from each other. When inserting such acapsule 6 into the electronic smoking device, the first conductive area of the shell may be contacted, e.g., by a metal part used for piercing the membrane in order to open a hole for passing the liquid. The second conductive area can be connected, e.g., via a support metal part holding the capsule. - In some embodiments the complexity of the
capsule 6 may be reduced by utilizing a metal foil enclosing acapsule 6 as one of the electrical contacts for incorporating thecontroller 40 within an electrical circuit and connecting thecontroller 40 with thebattery 10 and/or thecontrol electronics 14 of theelectronic smoking device 1. - As described, the challenge response authentication requires only a few components and does not involve complex arithmetic or complex algorithms on either part. The control electronics of the electronic smoking device usually will al-ready include a processor which is able to perform the authentication or otherwise will be able to do so at a small amount of extra cost. The controller of the capsule may also perform other tasks, e.g. for storing information on the actual amount of liquid in the capsule, so that it provides additional benefit and need not to be added exclusively for authentication purposes.
- Thus, novel systems, components and methods have been shown and described. Various changes and substitutions may of course be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. The invention, therefore, should not be limited except by the following claims and their equivalents.
Claims (13)
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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TWI661783B (en) | 2019-06-11 |
EP3138425B1 (en) | 2023-05-03 |
PL2959784T3 (en) | 2019-10-31 |
ES2958716T3 (en) | 2024-02-13 |
PL3138425T3 (en) | 2023-10-16 |
EP4209138B1 (en) | 2024-07-24 |
CN107105775A (en) | 2017-08-29 |
EP2959784A1 (en) | 2015-12-30 |
WO2015197165A1 (en) | 2015-12-30 |
US20170135402A1 (en) | 2017-05-18 |
EP2959784B1 (en) | 2019-04-03 |
US20230337736A1 (en) | 2023-10-26 |
CN107105775B (en) | 2021-06-29 |
EP3138425A1 (en) | 2017-03-08 |
TW201607441A (en) | 2016-03-01 |
US10912335B2 (en) | 2021-02-09 |
EP4209138A1 (en) | 2023-07-12 |
CN113349468A (en) | 2021-09-07 |
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