US20210173459A1 - Power allocating system, electronic device and adapter thereof - Google Patents
Power allocating system, electronic device and adapter thereof Download PDFInfo
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- US20210173459A1 US20210173459A1 US17/105,605 US202017105605A US2021173459A1 US 20210173459 A1 US20210173459 A1 US 20210173459A1 US 202017105605 A US202017105605 A US 202017105605A US 2021173459 A1 US2021173459 A1 US 2021173459A1
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- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F1/00—Details not covered by groups G06F3/00 - G06F13/00 and G06F21/00
- G06F1/26—Power supply means, e.g. regulation thereof
- G06F1/266—Arrangements to supply power to external peripherals either directly from the computer or under computer control, e.g. supply of power through the communication port, computer controlled power-strips
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F1/00—Details not covered by groups G06F3/00 - G06F13/00 and G06F21/00
- G06F1/26—Power supply means, e.g. regulation thereof
- G06F1/263—Arrangements for using multiple switchable power supplies, e.g. battery and AC
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F1/00—Details not covered by groups G06F3/00 - G06F13/00 and G06F21/00
- G06F1/26—Power supply means, e.g. regulation thereof
- G06F1/28—Supervision thereof, e.g. detecting power-supply failure by out of limits supervision
Definitions
- the invention relates to a power allocating system and an electronic device and an adapter.
- multiple adapters are provided in parallel to meet the electronic device's different power requirements.
- the electronic device will mainly load the adapter with the highest output voltage, which results no substantial usage with other adapters, and may even cause the adapter with the highest output voltage overloaded. Therefore, if multiple adapters are provided at the same time, the adapters are still limited to use under the same power.
- a power allocating system includes adapters and an electronic device.
- Each of the adapters includes a processor.
- the electronic device includes a controller.
- the controller obtains rated information and current output information from each of the processors to calculate an output utilization rate of each of the adapters.
- the controller transmits at least one adjusting signal to at least one of the processors according to the output utilization rates to adjust the output utilization rate of the adapters.
- an electronic device electrically connected to a plurality of adapters includes a controller.
- the controller is configured to operate the following steps: calculating the output utilization rate of each of the adapters based on rated information and current output information obtained from each of the adapters; and outputting at least one adjusting signal to at least one of the adapters according to the output utilization rates.
- an adapter adapted to an electronic device with a controller comprises a processor.
- the processor is configured to transmit rated information and current output information of the adapter to the controller of the electronic device, receive an adjusting signal from the controller of the electronic device, and adjust an output utilization rate of the adapter according to the adjusting signal.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a power allocating system disclosed in some embodiments.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a power allocating system disclosed in some embodiments.
- Coupled refers to two or more elements making direct physical or electrical contact with each other, or indirectly physical or electrical contact with each other, or refers to the interoperation or movement of two or more components.
- a power allocating system 100 includes an adapter 110 A, an adapter 110 B, and an electronic device 120 .
- the electronic device 120 is electrically connected to the adapters 110 A, 110 B.
- the adapter 110 A includes a processor 111 A
- the adapter 110 B includes a processor 111 B
- the processor 111 A and the processor 111 B are respectively coupled to a controller 121 in the electronic device 120 .
- the electronic device 120 is a notebook computer, a tablet computer, a desktop host or an All-in-One computer.
- the processor 111 A or the processor 111 B is a micro controller unit (MCU) or a power delivery (PD) chip, which is not limited herein.
- the power allocating system 100 includes any number of the adapters. To simplify the description, only two adapters are illustrated in FIG. 1 , which is not limited herein.
- the adapter 110 A has a rated power, a rated voltage and a maximum current, which are fixed.
- the rated information D 1 A is the maximum current of the adapter 110 A
- the current output information D 2 A is the output current in the current state and the current output voltage is calculated according to the power of the adapter 110 A and the output current.
- the rated information D 1 A is voltage
- the maximum current is calculated according to the power of the adapter 110 A and the voltage. Therefore, the information types of the rated information D 1 A and the current output information D 2 A are voltage, current, or power, and those skilled in the art may select an appropriate information type according to actual needs.
- the adapter 110 B has a rated power, a rated voltage and a maximum current, which are fixed.
- the rated information D 1 B is the highest current of the adapter 110 B
- the current output information D 2 B is the output current in the current state
- the current output voltage is calculated according to the power of the adapter 110 B and the output current.
- the maximum current is also calculated according to the power of the adapter 110 B and the voltage. Therefore, the information types of the rated information D 1 B and the current output information D 2 B is voltage, current, or power, and those skilled in the art may select appropriate information types according to actual needs.
- the rated information D 1 A of the adapter 110 A is 10 volts (V) and the rated power of the adapter 110 A is 230 watts (W)
- the rated current is calculated to be 23 amperes (A).
- the processors 111 A, 111 B of each of the adapters 110 A, 110 B transmits the rated information and the current output information of each of the adapters to the controller 121 .
- the controller calculates an output utilization rate of each the adapter based on the rated information and a current output information received from each of the adapters. In some embodiments, when the types of the current output information and the rated information of each of the adapters 111 A and 111 B are different, the current output information and the rated information need to be converted to the same type.
- the rated information D 1 B of the adapter 110 B is 20 amperes (A)
- the current output information D 2 B is 20 volts (V) and the power is a fixed value
- the current output current is calculated to be 20 amps (A)
- the controller 121 sends at least one adjusting signal (such as the adjusting signal SA or the adjusting signal SB) to at least one of the processor 111 A of the adapter 110 A or the processor 111 B of the adapter 110 B according to the output utilization rate of the adapter 110 A is 20% and the output utilization rate of the adapter 110 B is 100%, to adjust the output utilization rate of the adapters.
- the adjusting signals received by the adapter 110 A and the adapter 110 B is configured to adjust the output utilization rate of the adapter 110 A and that of the adapter 110 B, respectively, to be substantially equal or exactly equal. In some embodiments, since the output utilization rate of the adapter 110 B is greater than that of the adapter 110 A, the output utilization rate of the adapter 110 B is reduced.
- the controller 121 of the electronic device 120 transmits an adjusted signal SB to the adapter 110 B to decrease the current of the corresponding current output information D 2 B, or to increase the voltage of the corresponding current output information D 2 B to make the current decrease accordingly.
- an adjusted signal SA is sent to the adapter 110 A with smaller output utilization rate to increase the current corresponding to the current output information D 2 A, or to reduce the voltage of the corresponding current output information D 2 A to increase the current accordingly.
- two adjusting signals SA and SB are transmitted at the same time, the adjusting signal SB with a decreasing command is sent to the adapter 110 B, and the adjusting signal SA with an increasing command is sent to the adapter 110 A, and the adapter 110 B and the adapter 110 A simultaneously receive the corresponding adjusting signals to simultaneously reduce the current of the current output information D 2 B (or increase its voltage) and increase the current of the current output information D 2 A (or reduce its voltage).
- the step is repeated until the output utilization rate of the adapter 110 A and that of the adapter 110 B are substantially equal or completely equal (for example: the output utilization rate of each adapter is 20%).
- the controller 121 calculates the target output information of the adapters 111 A, 111 B based on the demand information of the electronic device 120 and the rated information of the adapters 110 A, 110 B, and transmits the target output information to each of the adapters 111 A, 111 B, and then the current output information of each of the adapters 111 A, 111 B is adjusted through the processor of each of the adapters 111 A, 111 B respectively.
- the rated information of each adapter is a fixed value, and the current output information is adjusted according to the needs of the electronic device.
- the sum of the target output information 4 amps (A) of the adapter 110 A and the target output information 8 amps (A) of the adapter 110 B is equal to the demand information 12 amps (A) of the electronic device 120 .
- the target output information 4 amperes (A) of the adapter 110 A is used as the current output information of the adapter 110 A and the target output information 8 amps (A) of the adapter 110 B is used as the current output information of the adapter 110 B.
- each adjustment of the controller 121 is set to 0.2 volts (V), therefore, each time the controller 121 transmits the adjusting signal to each processor, the current output voltage of the adapter corresponding to each processor is increased or decreased by 0.2 volts (V).
- V 0.2 volts
- the rated power of the adapter 110 A that is, the rated information
- W watts
- A 2 amperes
- the processor 111 A successively decreases the current output voltage of the adapter 110 A (for example: the voltage is 9.8 volts (V) and the current is about 2.04 amps (A) after the first adjustment, and so on).
- the current output information of the adapter 110 B is adjusted down in the same way, and the current output information of the adapter 110 B is adjusted to be equal to the target output information by the processor 111 B.
- the adjusting signals sent to different adapters are transmitted simultaneously or in any order.
- each voltage change range is adjustable according to different needs, which is not limited herein.
- the controller of the electronic device calculates that only n ⁇ 1 the adapters need to be adjusted according to the above method, only n ⁇ 1 adjusting signals are sent to the processors of n ⁇ 1 adapters that need to adjust the current output information.
- the controller of the electronic device no longer sends the adjusting signal to the adapter that has been adjusted to the target output information. Therefore, the number of the adjusting signals changes in different stages, the number of the adjusting signals is the same as or different to the number of the adapter, and the number of the adjusting signals is not a fixed value.
- the controller 221 further includes a calculating circuit 2211 .
- the controller 221 further includes a control circuit 2212 .
- the calculating circuit 2211 calculates the rated information and the current output information transmitted by the electronic device 220 from each of the adapters to adjust the current output information of each of the adapters, so that the output utilization rates of the adapters are substantially equal or completely equal.
- the control circuit 2212 in the controller 221 converts the data format into a proper data format for the processor 211 A, the processor 211 B and the controller 221 .
- the control circuit 2212 converts the second format data from the adapter 210 A or the adapter 210 B into the first format data.
- the processor 211 A in the adapter 210 A or the processor 211 B in the adapter 210 B for reading or processing the second format data converts the first format data from the controller 221 to the second format data before the processor 211 A or the processor 211 B reads or processes the second format data.
- the electronic device 220 in FIG. 2 includes a memory 222 .
- the memory 222 is electrically connected to the controller 221 , and the memory 222 stores at least one algorithm 2221 for executing commands in any one of the foregoing embodiments, so that the controller 221 of the electronic device 220 uses at least one algorithm 2221 to implement any of the foregoing embodiments.
- the rest of the components in FIG. 2 that are similar to the component numbers of FIG. 1 have similar connection and operation methods (for example: the adapter 110 A is similar to the adapter 210 A, the electronic device 120 and the electronic device 220 , and so on).
- the adapter 110 A is similar to the adapter 210 A, the electronic device 120 and the electronic device 220 , and so on.
- the adapter and the power allocating system and method formed by using the adapter provided by the disclosure allow the electronic device to choose and use the corresponding number of the adapters with different powers in different demand states, and further to make the use of the adapter is more flexible.
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Abstract
Description
- This application claims the priority benefit of Taiwan applications serial No. 108144366, filed on Dec. 4, 2019. The entirety of the above-mentioned patent application is hereby incorporated by reference herein and made a part of specification.
- The invention relates to a power allocating system and an electronic device and an adapter.
- An adapter is used to supply power to an electronic device (such as a notebook computer). When more adapters are available, users are able to choose different adapters and/or different number of the adapters based on various usage conditions.
- In order to achieve the above purpose, multiple adapters are provided in parallel to meet the electronic device's different power requirements. However, if the rated power of the adapters connected to the electronic device are different, the electronic device will mainly load the adapter with the highest output voltage, which results no substantial usage with other adapters, and may even cause the adapter with the highest output voltage overloaded. Therefore, if multiple adapters are provided at the same time, the adapters are still limited to use under the same power.
- According to the first aspect of the disclosure, a power allocating system is provided. The power allocating system includes adapters and an electronic device. Each of the adapters includes a processor. The electronic device includes a controller. The controller obtains rated information and current output information from each of the processors to calculate an output utilization rate of each of the adapters. The controller transmits at least one adjusting signal to at least one of the processors according to the output utilization rates to adjust the output utilization rate of the adapters.
- According to the second aspect of the disclosure, an electronic device electrically connected to a plurality of adapters is provided. The electronic device includes a controller. The controller is configured to operate the following steps: calculating the output utilization rate of each of the adapters based on rated information and current output information obtained from each of the adapters; and outputting at least one adjusting signal to at least one of the adapters according to the output utilization rates.
- According to the third aspect of the disclosure, an adapter adapted to an electronic device with a controller is provided. The adapter comprises a processor. The processor is configured to transmit rated information and current output information of the adapter to the controller of the electronic device, receive an adjusting signal from the controller of the electronic device, and adjust an output utilization rate of the adapter according to the adjusting signal.
- These and other features, aspects and advantages of the present invention will become better understood with regard to the following description, appended claims, and accompanying drawings.
-
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a power allocating system disclosed in some embodiments. -
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a power allocating system disclosed in some embodiments. - The terms used here have their usual meanings. Further, terms such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries should be construed as having meaning in the context of this specification and the related technical field, and are expressly set forth herein. The use of any of the words discussed here in the specification is only an example, and is not intended to limit the scope and practice of the disclosure. Similarly, this disclosure is not limited to the various embodiments shown in this specification.
- As used herein, “coupled” or “connected” refers to two or more elements making direct physical or electrical contact with each other, or indirectly physical or electrical contact with each other, or refers to the interoperation or movement of two or more components.
- Please refer to
FIG. 1 . In some embodiments, apower allocating system 100 includes anadapter 110A, anadapter 110B, and anelectronic device 120. Theelectronic device 120 is electrically connected to theadapters adapter 110A includes a processor 111A, theadapter 110B includes a processor 111B, and the processor 111A and the processor 111B are respectively coupled to acontroller 121 in theelectronic device 120. In some embodiments, theelectronic device 120 is a notebook computer, a tablet computer, a desktop host or an All-in-One computer. In some embodiments, the processor 111A or the processor 111B is a micro controller unit (MCU) or a power delivery (PD) chip, which is not limited herein. Thepower allocating system 100 includes any number of the adapters. To simplify the description, only two adapters are illustrated inFIG. 1 , which is not limited herein. - The
adapter 110A has a rated power, a rated voltage and a maximum current, which are fixed. In an embodiment, the rated information D1A is the maximum current of theadapter 110A, the current output information D2A is the output current in the current state and the current output voltage is calculated according to the power of theadapter 110A and the output current. Similarly, when the rated information D1A is voltage, the maximum current is calculated according to the power of theadapter 110A and the voltage. Therefore, the information types of the rated information D1A and the current output information D2A are voltage, current, or power, and those skilled in the art may select an appropriate information type according to actual needs. - In an embodiment, the
adapter 110B has a rated power, a rated voltage and a maximum current, which are fixed. In an embodiment, the rated information D1B is the highest current of theadapter 110B, the current output information D2B is the output current in the current state, and the current output voltage is calculated according to the power of theadapter 110B and the output current. Similarly, when the rated information D1B is voltage, the maximum current is also calculated according to the power of theadapter 110B and the voltage. Therefore, the information types of the rated information D1B and the current output information D2B is voltage, current, or power, and those skilled in the art may select appropriate information types according to actual needs. In one embodiment, when the rated information D1A of theadapter 110A is 10 volts (V) and the rated power of theadapter 110A is 230 watts (W), the rated current is calculated to be 23 amperes (A). - In some embodiments, the processors 111A, 111B of each of the
adapters controller 121. The controller calculates an output utilization rate of each the adapter based on the rated information and a current output information received from each of the adapters. In some embodiments, when the types of the current output information and the rated information of each of the adapters 111A and 111B are different, the current output information and the rated information need to be converted to the same type. In one embodiment, the rated information D1A of theadapter 110A is 20 volts (V) and the current output information D2A is 2 amperes (A) and the power is a fixed value, when it is known that the rated power of theadapter 110A is 200 watts (W), the rated current is calculated to be 10 amperes (A). Moreover, the current output information D2A is divided by the converted rated information D1A to calculate the output utilization rate to be 2 amps (A)/10 amps (A)=1/5. In other words, the output utilization rate of theadapter 110A is now 20%. - Similarly, in the case that the rated information D1B of the
adapter 110B is 20 amperes (A), and the current output information D2B is 20 volts (V) and the power is a fixed value, when it is known that the rated power of theadapter 110B is 400 watts (W), the current output current is calculated to be 20 amps (A). Further, the converted current output information D2B is divided by the rated information D1B to calculate the output utilization rate to be 20 amps (A)/20 amps (A)=1. In other words, the output utilization rate of theadapter 110B is now 100%. - In this case, the
controller 121 sends at least one adjusting signal (such as the adjusting signal SA or the adjusting signal SB) to at least one of the processor 111A of theadapter 110A or the processor 111B of theadapter 110B according to the output utilization rate of theadapter 110A is 20% and the output utilization rate of theadapter 110B is 100%, to adjust the output utilization rate of the adapters. In one embodiment, the adjusting signals received by theadapter 110A and theadapter 110B is configured to adjust the output utilization rate of theadapter 110A and that of theadapter 110B, respectively, to be substantially equal or exactly equal. In some embodiments, since the output utilization rate of theadapter 110B is greater than that of theadapter 110A, the output utilization rate of theadapter 110B is reduced. In one embodiment, thecontroller 121 of theelectronic device 120 transmits an adjusted signal SB to theadapter 110B to decrease the current of the corresponding current output information D2B, or to increase the voltage of the corresponding current output information D2B to make the current decrease accordingly. In some embodiments, an adjusted signal SA is sent to theadapter 110A with smaller output utilization rate to increase the current corresponding to the current output information D2A, or to reduce the voltage of the corresponding current output information D2A to increase the current accordingly. In some embodiments, two adjusting signals SA and SB are transmitted at the same time, the adjusting signal SB with a decreasing command is sent to theadapter 110B, and the adjusting signal SA with an increasing command is sent to theadapter 110A, and theadapter 110B and theadapter 110A simultaneously receive the corresponding adjusting signals to simultaneously reduce the current of the current output information D2B (or increase its voltage) and increase the current of the current output information D2A (or reduce its voltage). The step is repeated until the output utilization rate of theadapter 110A and that of theadapter 110B are substantially equal or completely equal (for example: the output utilization rate of each adapter is 20%). - In some embodiments, the
controller 121 calculates the target output information of the adapters 111A, 111B based on the demand information of theelectronic device 120 and the rated information of theadapters electronic device 120 is 12 amperes (A), the rated information D1A of theadapter 110A is 10 amperes (A), and the rated information D1B of theadapter 110B is 20 amps (A), thecontroller 121, calculates that the target output information of theadapter 110A is 12*1/(2+1)=4 amps (A), and the target output information of theadapter 110B is 12*2/(2+1)=8 amps (A) based on the relationship of the rated information ratio 10:20=1:2 of theadapters 110A and theadapter 110B. Then, thecontroller 121 transmits the adjusting signal SA to the processor 111A of theadapter 110A, to adjust the output utilization rate of theadapter 110A to 4/10=40%. Thecontroller 121 also transmits the adjusting signal SB to the processor 111B of theadapter 110B, to adjust the output utilization rate of theadapter 110B to 8/20=40%. The sum of the target output information 4 amps (A) of theadapter 110A and the target output information 8 amps (A) of theadapter 110B is equal to the demand information 12 amps (A) of theelectronic device 120. Next, the target output information 4 amperes (A) of theadapter 110A is used as the current output information of theadapter 110A and the target output information 8 amps (A) of theadapter 110B is used as the current output information of theadapter 110B. - More specifically, in one embodiment, each adjustment of the
controller 121 is set to 0.2 volts (V), therefore, each time thecontroller 121 transmits the adjusting signal to each processor, the current output voltage of the adapter corresponding to each processor is increased or decreased by 0.2 volts (V). In one embodiment, assuming that the rated power of theadapter 110A (that is, the rated information) is 20 watts (W) and the current output information is 2 amperes (A), if the target output information is going to be adjusted to 2.1 amps (A), the relationship of that power=voltage*current is used to calculate the current output voltage to 10 volts (V) and the target output voltage to about 9.523 volts (V). At this time, the processor 111A successively decreases the current output voltage of theadapter 110A (for example: the voltage is 9.8 volts (V) and the current is about 2.04 amps (A) after the first adjustment, and so on). After two adjustments with 0.2 volts (V) each time, the original current output voltage of 10 volts (V) is adjusted to 10−2*0.2=9.6 volts (V), and the current is adjusted to 20 watts (W)/9.6 volts (V)=2.083 amps accordingly, which is close the target output information of theadapter 110A is 2.1 amps (A). - Similarly, in some embodiments, the current output information of the
adapter 110B is adjusted down in the same way, and the current output information of theadapter 110B is adjusted to be equal to the target output information by the processor 111B. It should be noted that, as mentioned above, in some embodiments, the adjusting signals sent to different adapters are transmitted simultaneously or in any order. In some embodiments, each voltage change range is adjustable according to different needs, which is not limited herein. In some embodiments, when n adapters are used simultaneously, but the controller of the electronic device calculates that only n−1 the adapters need to be adjusted according to the above method, only n−1 adjusting signals are sent to the processors of n−1 adapters that need to adjust the current output information. In each subsequent adjustment process, when a part of the adapters' current output information value has been adjusted to the target output information, the controller of the electronic device no longer sends the adjusting signal to the adapter that has been adjusted to the target output information. Therefore, the number of the adjusting signals changes in different stages, the number of the adjusting signals is the same as or different to the number of the adapter, and the number of the adjusting signals is not a fixed value. - Please refer to
FIG. 2 . The difference between thepower allocating system 200 inFIG. 2 and thepower allocating system 100 inFIG. 1 is that thecontroller 221 further includes a calculatingcircuit 2211. In other embodiments, thecontroller 221 further includes acontrol circuit 2212. In an embodiment, the calculatingcircuit 2211 calculates the rated information and the current output information transmitted by theelectronic device 220 from each of the adapters to adjust the current output information of each of the adapters, so that the output utilization rates of the adapters are substantially equal or completely equal. In an embodiment, when thecontroller 221 is different from theprocessor 211A of theadapter 210A or theprocessor 211B of the adapter 210B, it means that the data format that thecontroller 221 can process might also different from the data formats that theprocessor 211A and theprocessor 211B can process. Therefore, in one embodiment, thecontrol circuit 2212 in thecontroller 221 converts the data format into a proper data format for theprocessor 211A, theprocessor 211B and thecontroller 221. In an embodiment, when the calculatingcircuit 2211 in thecontroller 221 is used to read or process the first format data, thecontrol circuit 2212 converts the second format data from theadapter 210A or the adapter 210B into the first format data. In one embodiment, theprocessor 211A in theadapter 210A or theprocessor 211B in the adapter 210B for reading or processing the second format data converts the first format data from thecontroller 221 to the second format data before theprocessor 211A or theprocessor 211B reads or processes the second format data. - Please continue referring to
FIG. 2 . The difference between thepower allocating system 200 inFIG. 2 and thepower allocating system 100 inFIG. 1 is that theelectronic device 220 inFIG. 2 includes amemory 222. Thememory 222 is electrically connected to thecontroller 221, and thememory 222 stores at least onealgorithm 2221 for executing commands in any one of the foregoing embodiments, so that thecontroller 221 of theelectronic device 220 uses at least onealgorithm 2221 to implement any of the foregoing embodiments. - Besides the above-mentioned components, the rest of the components in
FIG. 2 that are similar to the component numbers ofFIG. 1 have similar connection and operation methods (for example: theadapter 110A is similar to theadapter 210A, theelectronic device 120 and theelectronic device 220, and so on). For the concise purpose, components with similar connection and operation processes inFIG. 2 will not be repeated here. - In summary, the adapter and the power allocating system and method formed by using the adapter provided by the disclosure, allow the electronic device to choose and use the corresponding number of the adapters with different powers in different demand states, and further to make the use of the adapter is more flexible.
- Although the present invention has been described in considerable detail with reference to certain preferred embodiments thereof, the disclosure is not for limiting the scope. Persons having ordinary skill in the art may make various modifications and changes without departing from the scope. Therefore, the scope of the appended claims should not be limited to the description of the preferred embodiments described above.
Claims (10)
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TW108144366A TWI760664B (en) | 2019-12-04 | 2019-12-04 | Power allocating system, electronic device and adapter |
TW108144366 | 2019-12-04 |
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US20150105925A1 (en) * | 2006-03-30 | 2015-04-16 | Peter T. Li | Balancing Power Supply and Demand |
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