US20210164732A1

US20210164732A1 - Refrigeration system and fall film evaporator

Info

Publication number: US20210164732A1
Application number: US16/614,991
Authority: US
Inventors: Junjie GUO
Original assignee: Carrier Corp
Current assignee: Carrier Corp
Priority date: 2017-05-19
Filing date: 2018-05-01
Publication date: 2021-06-03
Also published as: WO2018212983A1; CN108954986B; ES2952980T3; EP3635310A1; EP3635310B1; CN108954986A

Abstract

A speed governor assembly and an elevator system. The speed governor assembly includes: a sheave; a centrifugal mechanism mounted on the sheave and rotating together with the sheave; an overspeed protection switch at a first distance from a radial outer side of the centrifugal mechanism; a core ring disposed coaxially with the sheave; and a triggering arm rotating together with the core ring; wherein the centrifugal mechanism engages with the core ring and drives the core ring and the triggering arm to rotate when the sheave reaches a second speed, and the rotation of the triggering arm can contact and trigger the overspeed protection switch.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to the refrigeration field, and in particular, to a refrigeration system having a falling film evaporator.

BACKGROUND ART

Currently, for a refrigeration system using a falling film evaporator, the oil-rich region in the system generally exists at the lower portion inside the housing of the falling film evaporator. Therefore, an oil intake point corresponding to an oil return branch generally is also disposed at the lower portion inside the housing of the falling film evaporator, to suck refrigerant in which the lubricating oil is dissolved into the compressor for lubrication. In this case, if only a small amount of liquid phase refrigerant is accumulated in the falling film evaporator in the working mode, an unduly high oil concentration in the refrigerant liquid is caused, increasing the flow resistance and affecting the oil return. As the amount of lubricating oil accumulated in the evaporator increases, the heat transfer effect deteriorates. Accordingly, the amount of lubricating oil entering the compressor will decrease, affecting the lubrication performance of the compressor, increasing wear and affecting the reliability. If the charging amount of the refrigerant in the entire refrigeration system is increased to a sufficient extent, and the throttle valve is opened widely to preferentially ensure a sufficiently high liquid level in the evaporator rather than ensuring the throttling performance, the problem that the lubricating oil cannot be fully dissolved in the liquid phase refrigerant can be resolved by increasing the amount of the liquid phase refrigerant accumulated in the falling film evaporator to a sufficiently large value. However, this limits the thermodynamic property of the system and increases the costs. Therefore, how to balance the costs and the lubricating oil recovery effect has become a technical problem to be resolved in the art.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

An objective of the present invention is to provide a refrigeration system and a falling film evaporator, to balance the thermodynamic property and the lubricating oil recovery effect of the refrigeration system having the falling film evaporator.
One aspect of the present invention provides a refrigeration system, comprising: a refrigeration loop having an air outlet of a compressor, a condenser, a throttle element, a falling film evaporator, and an air inlet of the compressor which are connected in sequence by pipes, wherein the falling film evaporator comprises a housing, a distributor located at an upper portion inside the housing, and a heat exchange pipeline located below the distributor; an oil return branch having an oil intake point connected to a lower portion of the falling film evaporator and an oil return point connected to the air inlet of the compressor; and a bypass branch having a bypass inlet connected to downstream of the throttle element and a bypass outlet connected to the lower portion of the falling film evaporator and used for introducing part of gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant into the falling film evaporator.
Another aspect of the present invention further provides a falling film evaporator, comprising: a housing; a distributor disposed at an upper portion inside the housing; a heat exchange pipeline disposed inside the housing and below the distributor; an oil intake point disposed at a lower portion of the falling film evaporator; and a bypass branch having a bypass inlet connected to the distributor and a bypass outlet connected to the lower portion of the falling film evaporator and used for introducing part of gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant into the lower portion of the falling film evaporator.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a falling film evaporator and an oil return loop according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a refrigeration system according to the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

As shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, an embodiment of a refrigeration system of the present invention is shown. The refrigeration system comprises: a refrigeration loop 100 for realizing a main refrigeration function, an oil return branch 200 for providing a lubricating oil return to the compressor, and a bypass branch 300 according to the idea of the present invention.
The refrigeration loop 100 has an air outlet 110 b of a compressor 110, an oil separator 150, a condenser 120, a throttle element 130, a falling film evaporator 140, and an air inlet 110 a of the compressor 110 which are connected in sequence by pipes. Specifically, the falling film evaporator 140 comprises a housing 141, a distributor 142 located at an upper portion inside the housing 141, and a heat exchange pipeline 143 located below the distributor 142. In a normal working mode, refrigerant, after being compressed by the compressor 110, flows from the air outlet 110 b into the condenser 120 for condensation, and is then throttled by the throttle element 130. The throttled two-phase refrigerant enters the falling film evaporator 140. The gas phase refrigerant will be directly sucked into the compressor 110. The liquid phase refrigerant is distributed by the distributor 142, forms a refrigerant liquid film to flow through the heat exchange pipeline 143 inside the falling film evaporator 140, and exchanges heat with a to-be-cooled medium therein. After the heat exchange, the gas phase refrigerant obtained by evaporation is sucked into the compressor 110, to participate in a new working cycle.
In addition, the oil return branch 200 has an oil intake point 210 connected to a lower portion of the falling film evaporator 140 and an oil return point 220 connected to the air inlet 110 a of the compressor 110. In the normal working mode, part of lubricating oil that provides lubrication for the compressor 110 will enter the refrigeration cycle along with the flow of the refrigerant. In this case, this part of lubricating oil that enters the refrigeration cycle can be sucked from the lower portion of the falling film evaporator 140 back into the compressor 110. Therefore, impact on both the heat exchange effect of the refrigerant and the lubrication effect of the compressor can be avoided.
Furthermore, the bypass branch 300 has a bypass inlet 320 connected to downstream of the throttle element 130 and a bypass outlet 310 connected to the lower portion of the falling film evaporator 140. In particular, the bypass inlet 320 is disposed on or upstream of the distributor 142, and is used for introducing part of gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant into the falling film evaporator 140. In this case, under a pressure difference, part of gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant downstream of the throttle element 130 will flow into the lower portion of the falling film evaporator 140 through the bypass branch 300, so that the refrigerant in the lower portion inside the housing 141 of the falling film evaporator reaches a preset liquid level. The preset liquid level enables the liquid phase refrigerant to form a sufficiently large liquid level at the lower portion inside the housing 141 of the falling film evaporator, so that droplets of lubricating oil from above the falling film evaporator can substantially come into contact with the liquid level and be dissolved in the refrigerant. Such a configuration makes it easier to suck most of the lubricating oil back to the compressor through the oil return branch, achieving an efficient oil return function. The specific height value of the preset liquid level or the specific value of the area of the liquid level depends on various parameters such as a profile of the housing of the evaporator and a required oil return ratio. Under the teachings of the foregoing embodiment, a person skilled in the art can integrate the related parameters and set the liquid level in an actual application environment without creative efforts.
In order that the lubricating oil can be fully dissolved in the liquid phase refrigerant at the lower portion of the falling film evaporator, the bypass branch is improved from multiple aspects, which will be described one by one.
For example, the bypass inlet 320 is higher than the bypass outlet 310 in a vertical direction. For such a configuration, in addition to the pressure difference between the refrigerant on the bypass inlet side and the refrigerant on the bypass outlet side, the gravity of the refrigerant caused by the height difference between the two can also be used as a power source for driving the bypass refrigerant to flow. Further, in some cases, an auxiliary driving apparatus may be additionally disposed on the bypass branch 300, to provide more power to suck the two-phase refrigerant from the bypass inlet 320 to the bypass outlet 310.
For another example, the bypass branch 300 has a plurality of bypass inlets 320 and/or a plurality of bypass outlets 310. The bypass inlets 320 and the bypass outlets 310 may belong to a same bypass branch, i.e., similar to the configuration of a liquid collector or liquid separator; or may belong to different bypass branches. In this case, the falling film evaporator comprises a plurality of bypass branches 300, and each of the bypass branches may comprise at least one bypass inlet and/or bypass outlet. Such a configuration can effectively and evenly increase the bypass flux. Optionally, the plurality of bypass outlets 310 can also be arranged in an evenly spaced manner on the lower portion of the housing 141 of the falling film evaporator. Thereby, the bypass refrigerant can be fed to the evaporator more evenly, thereby avoiding undue impact.
Optionally, as a specific position for arrangement, the bypass outlet 310 may be arranged at the bottom of the housing 141 of the falling film evaporator. Thereby, the refrigerant that enters the evaporator through the bypass outlet 310 basically does not unduly affect the original refrigerant liquid level in the evaporator, making the entire bypass process more stable.
Optionally, a smallest flow cross-sectional area of a pipe of the bypass branch 300 is 0.5%-20% of a flow cross-sectional area of a pipe of the refrigeration loop 100 downstream of the throttle element 130. In this case, it is ensured that the amount of the bypass refrigerant can meet the requirement for increasing the liquid level, and will not cause great impact to the normal cycle. Generally, an unduly large amount of refrigerant accumulated in the housing of the falling film evaporator is not desirable in the present invention, because this has only a limited effect in improving the heat exchange efficiency and greatly increases the charging amount of the refrigerant as well as material costs. Therefore, the foregoing problem can be well resolved by limiting the flow area of the bypass branch to control the bypass flux, and a balance between efficiency and costs can be achieved.
Optionally, a pipe of the bypass branch 300 has a circular and/or rectangular and/or trough-type cross-section, to adapt to different application scenarios and flow conditions.
In addition, as another embodiment, the bypass inlet of the bypass branch may further be connected to the distributor, though not shown in the figure. In this case, the bypass branch can be considered to be part of the falling film evaporator.
In particular, the falling film evaporator according to this embodiment comprises: a housing; a distributor disposed at an upper portion inside the housing; a heat exchange pipeline disposed inside the housing and below the distributor; an oil intake point disposed at a lower portion of the falling film evaporator; and a bypass branch having a bypass inlet connected to the distributor and a bypass outlet connected to the lower portion of the falling film evaporator and used for introducing part of gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant into the lower portion of the falling film evaporator, so that the refrigerant in the lower portion inside the housing of the falling film evaporator reaches a preset liquid level. The preset liquid level enables the liquid phase refrigerant to form a sufficiently large liquid level at the lower portion inside the housing of the falling film evaporator, so that droplets of lubricating oil from above the falling film evaporator can substantially come into contact with the liquid level and be dissolved in the refrigerant, thereby achieving an efficient oil return function.
Similarly, in order that the lubricating oil can be fully dissolved in the liquid phase refrigerant at the lower portion of the falling film evaporator, the bypass branch is improved from multiple aspects, which will also be described one by one.
According to the configuration in the foregoing embodiment, the bypass inlet is generally higher than the bypass outlet in a vertical direction. In this case, in addition to the pressure difference between the refrigerant on the bypass inlet side and the refrigerant on the bypass outlet side, the gravity of the refrigerant caused by the height difference between the two can also be used as a power source for driving the bypass refrigerant to flow. Further, in some cases, an auxiliary driving apparatus may be additionally disposed on the bypass branch, to provide more power to suck the two-phase refrigerant from the bypass inlet to the bypass outlet.
For another example, the bypass branch has a plurality of bypass inlets and/or a plurality of bypass outlets. The bypass inlets and the bypass outlets may belong to a same bypass branch, i.e., similar to the configuration of a liquid collector or liquid separator; or may belong to different bypass branches. In this case, the falling film evaporator comprises a plurality of bypass branches, and each of the bypass branches may comprise at least one bypass inlet and/or bypass outlet. Such a configuration can effectively and evenly increase the bypass flux. Optionally, the plurality of bypass outlets can also be arranged in an evenly spaced manner on the lower portion of the housing of the falling film evaporator. Thereby, the bypass refrigerant can be fed to the evaporator more evenly, thereby avoiding undue impact.
Optionally, as a specific position for arrangement, the bypass outlet may be arranged at the bottom of the housing of the falling film evaporator. Thereby, the refrigerant that enters the evaporator through the bypass outlet basically does not unduly affect the original refrigerant liquid level in the evaporator, making the entire bypass process more stable.
Optionally, a pipe of the bypass branch has a circular and/or rectangular and/or trough-type cross-section, to adapt to different application scenarios and flow conditions.
More improvements in terms of the oil return branch in the refrigeration system according to the foregoing embodiments will be further described with reference to FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 again.
The oil return branch 200 has a plurality of oil intake points 210. The oil intake points 210 may belong to a same oil return branch, i.e., similar to the configuration of a liquid collector or liquid separator; or may belong to different oil return branches. In this case, the refrigeration system comprises a plurality of oil return branches 200, and each of the oil return branches may comprise at least one oil intake point and/or oil return point. Such a configuration can effectively and evenly increase the oil return amount. Optionally, a plurality of a plurality of oil intake points 210 can also be arranged in an evenly spaced manner on the lower portion of the housing 141 of the falling film evaporator. Thereby, the recovered lubricating oil can be sucked from the evaporator more evenly, thereby avoiding undue impact.
Optionally, as a specific position for arrangement, the oil intake point 210 may be arranged at the bottom of the housing 141 of the falling film evaporator. Thereby, the lubricating oil in the evaporator basically can all be recovered through the oil intake point 210, and the amount of lubricating oil accumulated in the evaporator will not be unduly large to affect the heat exchange performance of the evaporator and the lubrication performance of the compressor.
Optionally, an ejector 230 may further be disposed on the oil return branch 200. The ejector 230 has a first ejection inlet connected to the oil intake point 210, a second ejection inlet connected to an inlet side of the condenser 120, and an ejection outlet connected to the air inlet 110 a of the compressor 110, to provides power for the oil return. Definitely, other oil return methods well known in the art can also be adopted according to different application scenarios.
The above examples mainly describe the refrigeration system and the falling film evaporator of the present invention. Although only some implementations of the present invention are described, a person of ordinary skill in the art should understand that the present invention can be implemented in many other forms without departing from the gist and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the examples and implementations provided herein should be construed as exemplary rather than limiting. The present invention can encompass various modifications and replacements made without departing from the spirit and scope the present invention as defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A refrigeration system, comprising:

a refrigeration loop having an air outlet of a compressor, a condenser, a throttle element, a falling film evaporator, and an air inlet of the compressor which are connected in sequence by pipes, wherein the falling film evaporator comprises a housing, a distributor located at an upper portion inside the housing, and a heat exchange pipeline located below the distributor;

an oil return branch having an oil intake point connected to a lower portion of the falling film evaporator and an oil return point connected to the air inlet of the compressor; and

a bypass branch having a bypass inlet connected to downstream of the throttle element and a bypass outlet connected to the lower portion of the falling film evaporator and used for introducing part of gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant into the falling film evaporator.

2. The refrigeration system according to claim 1, wherein the bypass inlet is disposed on or upstream of the distributor.

3. The refrigeration system according to claim 1, wherein the bypass inlet is higher than the bypass outlet in a vertical direction.

4. The refrigeration system according to claim 1, wherein the bypass branch has a plurality of bypass inlets and/or a plurality of bypass outlets.

5. The refrigeration system according to claim 4, wherein the plurality of bypass outlets are arranged in an evenly spaced manner on a lower portion of the housing of the falling film evaporator.

6. The refrigeration system according to claim 1, wherein the bypass outlet is arranged at the bottom of the housing of the falling film evaporator.

7. The refrigeration system according to claim 1, comprising a plurality of the bypass branches.

8. The refrigeration system according to claim 1, wherein a smallest flow cross-sectional area of a pipe of the bypass branch is 0.5%-20% of a flow cross-sectional area of a pipe of the refrigeration loop downstream of the throttle element.

9. The refrigeration system according to claim 1, wherein a pipe of the bypass branch has a circular and/or rectangular and/or trough-type cross-section.

10. The refrigeration system according to claim 1, wherein the oil return branch has a plurality of oil intake points.

11. The refrigeration system according to claim 10, wherein the plurality of oil intake points are arranged in an evenly spaced manner on the lower portion of the housing of the falling film evaporator.

12. The refrigeration system according to claim 1, wherein the oil intake point is arranged at the bottom of the housing of the falling film evaporator.

13. The refrigeration system according to claim 1, wherein an ejector is disposed on the oil return branch, the ejector having a first ejection inlet connected to the oil intake point, a second ejection inlet connected to an inlet side of the condenser, and an ejection outlet connected to the air inlet of the compressor.

14. The refrigeration system according to claim 1, comprising a plurality of the oil return branches.

15. The refrigeration system according to claim 1, wherein an auxiliary driving apparatus for sucking the two-phase refrigerant from the bypass inlet to the bypass outlet is disposed on the bypass branch.

16. A falling film evaporator, comprising:

a housing;

a distributor disposed at an upper portion inside the housing;

a heat exchange pipeline disposed inside the housing and below the distributor;

an oil intake point disposed at a lower portion of the falling film evaporator; and

a bypass branch having a bypass inlet connected to the distributor and a bypass outlet connected to the lower portion of the falling film evaporator and used for introducing part of gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant into the lower portion of the falling film evaporator.

17. The falling film evaporator according to claim 16, wherein the bypass branch has a plurality of bypass inlets and/or a plurality of bypass outlets.

18. The falling film evaporator according to claim 17, wherein the plurality of bypass outlets are arranged in an evenly spaced manner on a lower portion of the housing of the falling film evaporator.

19. The falling film evaporator according to claim 16, wherein the bypass outlet is arranged at the bottom of the housing of the falling film evaporator.

20. The falling film evaporator according to claim 16, comprising a plurality of the bypass branches.

21. The falling film evaporator according to claim 16, wherein a pipe of the bypass branch has a circular and/or rectangular and/or trough-type cross-section.

22. The falling film evaporator according to claim 16, comprising a plurality of the oil intake points arranged in an evenly spaced manner on the lower portion of the housing of the falling film evaporator.

23. The falling film evaporator according to claim 16, wherein the oil intake point is arranged at the bottom of the housing of the falling film evaporator.