US20210161711A1 - Ophthalmic surgical instruments and snares thereof - Google Patents
Ophthalmic surgical instruments and snares thereof Download PDFInfo
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- US20210161711A1 US20210161711A1 US16/700,330 US201916700330A US2021161711A1 US 20210161711 A1 US20210161711 A1 US 20210161711A1 US 201916700330 A US201916700330 A US 201916700330A US 2021161711 A1 US2021161711 A1 US 2021161711A1
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- segment
- surgical instrument
- ophthalmic surgical
- lens
- elongated shaft
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F9/00—Methods or devices for treatment of the eyes; Devices for putting-in contact lenses; Devices to correct squinting; Apparatus to guide the blind; Protective devices for the eyes, carried on the body or in the hand
- A61F9/007—Methods or devices for eye surgery
- A61F9/00736—Instruments for removal of intra-ocular material or intra-ocular injection, e.g. cataract instruments
- A61F9/00754—Instruments for removal of intra-ocular material or intra-ocular injection, e.g. cataract instruments for cutting or perforating the anterior lens capsule, e.g. capsulotomes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F9/00—Methods or devices for treatment of the eyes; Devices for putting-in contact lenses; Devices to correct squinting; Apparatus to guide the blind; Protective devices for the eyes, carried on the body or in the hand
- A61F9/007—Methods or devices for eye surgery
- A61F9/00736—Instruments for removal of intra-ocular material or intra-ocular injection, e.g. cataract instruments
- A61F9/00763—Instruments for removal of intra-ocular material or intra-ocular injection, e.g. cataract instruments with rotating or reciprocating cutting elements, e.g. concentric cutting needles
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/32—Surgical cutting instruments
- A61B17/3205—Excision instruments
- A61B17/32056—Surgical snare instruments
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B2017/0042—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets with special provisions for gripping
- A61B2017/00424—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets with special provisions for gripping ergonomic, e.g. fitting in fist
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B2017/00535—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets pneumatically or hydraulically operated
- A61B2017/00539—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets pneumatically or hydraulically operated hydraulically
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B2017/00535—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets pneumatically or hydraulically operated
- A61B2017/00544—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets pneumatically or hydraulically operated pneumatically
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B2017/00831—Material properties
- A61B2017/00867—Material properties shape memory effect
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B90/00—Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups A61B1/00 - A61B50/00, e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
- A61B90/30—Devices for illuminating a surgical field, the devices having an interrelation with other surgical devices or with a surgical procedure
- A61B2090/306—Devices for illuminating a surgical field, the devices having an interrelation with other surgical devices or with a surgical procedure using optical fibres
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B90/00—Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups A61B1/00 - A61B50/00, e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
- A61B90/30—Devices for illuminating a surgical field, the devices having an interrelation with other surgical devices or with a surgical procedure
- A61B2090/309—Devices for illuminating a surgical field, the devices having an interrelation with other surgical devices or with a surgical procedure using white LEDs
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B34/00—Computer-aided surgery; Manipulators or robots specially adapted for use in surgery
- A61B34/30—Surgical robots
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F9/00—Methods or devices for treatment of the eyes; Devices for putting-in contact lenses; Devices to correct squinting; Apparatus to guide the blind; Protective devices for the eyes, carried on the body or in the hand
- A61F9/007—Methods or devices for eye surgery
- A61F9/00736—Instruments for removal of intra-ocular material or intra-ocular injection, e.g. cataract instruments
- A61F9/00745—Instruments for removal of intra-ocular material or intra-ocular injection, e.g. cataract instruments using mechanical vibrations, e.g. ultrasonic
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to ophthalmic surgical instruments, and more particularly, to ophthalmic surgical instruments and methods that facilitate the fragmentation and removal of a lens from a lens capsule.
- Cataract surgery and other surgical procedures that treat lenticular tissue, such as, for example, the intraocular lens, are performed by making a small incision in the edge of the cornea, which provides access to the anterior chamber and to the anterior surface of the lens capsule. Afterward, a generally circular incision called a capsulorhexis is made through the anterior surface of the lens capsule to provide surgical access to the lens.
- An ophthalmic surgical instrument may be inserted through the capsulorhexis and used to fragment the cataractous lens to facilitate its removal from the lens capsule. However, during segmentation by the surgical instrument, the distal portion of the lens may be caused to shift undesirably in an upward (i.e., anterior) direction. Such movement may cause trauma to delicate adjacent eye structures such as the lens zonule, lens capsule or, corneal endothelium.
- the elongated shaft includes a distal end portion defining a first opening and a second opening.
- the first and second openings are spaced from one another along a longitudinal axis defined by the elongated shaft.
- the wire includes a cutting segment extending through the first and second openings.
- the cutting segment is configured to move between a contracted configuration, and a dilated configuration, in which the cutting segment assumes a diameter approximating a diameter and shape of a lens of an eye.
- the cutting segment is configured to sever the lens upon moving toward the contracted configuration.
- the distal end portion of the elongated shaft may have a cutting surface that extends longitudinally between the first and second openings.
- the cutting segment and the cutting surface may be configured to cooperate to apply a cutting force on the lens of the eye upon the cutting segment moving toward the contracted configuration.
- the cutting segment may have a section configured to engage the cutting surface when the cutting segment is in the contracted configuration.
- the cutting segment may have a curvature along a majority of a length thereof.
- the section of the cutting segment may be linear.
- the section of the cutting segment may protrude inwardly toward the cutting surface of the elongated shaft when the cutting segment is in the contracted configuration.
- the elongated shaft may have a distal tip and the first opening may be spaced proximally of the distal tip.
- the second opening may be spaced proximally of the distal tip and distally of the first opening.
- the second opening may be defined in the distal tip and may be spaced distally of the first opening.
- the elongated shaft may have a closed distal tip.
- the cutting segment may have a looped configuration.
- the distal end portion of the elongated shaft may define a third opening disposed between the first and second openings.
- the third opening may be configured to receive a cutting section of the cutting segment when the cutting segment is in the contracted configuration.
- the wire may have a first end portion fixed relative to the elongated shaft, and a second end portion configured to translate relative to the elongated shaft to transition the cutting segment between the dilated and contracted configurations.
- the first opening may be a proximal opening and the second opening may be a distal opening.
- the first end portion of the wire may extend through the proximal opening and the second end portion of the wire may extend through the distal opening.
- an ophthalmic surgical instrument for severing a lens of an eye
- the housing includes a handle body and a hollow, elongated shaft extending distally of the handle body.
- the elongated shaft has a bottom surface configured to be oriented toward a human eye.
- the bottom surface defines a proximal opening, and a distal opening spaced distally from the proximal opening.
- the snare is operably coupled to the housing and includes a looped segment configured to move through the proximal and distal openings between a contracted configuration and a dilated configuration. In the dilated configuration, the looped segment may assume a diameter approximating a diameter and shape of a lens of the human eye. The looped segment is configured to sever the lens upon moving toward the contracted configuration.
- the bottom surface of the elongated shaft may have a cutting surface that extends longitudinally between the proximal and distal openings.
- the looped segment and the cutting surface may be configured to cooperate to apply a cutting force on the lens of the human eye as the looped segment moves toward the contracted configuration.
- the looped segment may have a cutting section configured to engage the cutting surface when the looped segment is in the contracted configuration.
- the cutting section of the looped segment may be linear.
- the cutting section of the looped segment may protrude inwardly toward the cutting surface of the elongated shaft when the looped segment is in the contracted configuration.
- the elongated shaft may have a closed distal tip.
- the bottom surface of the elongated shaft may define an intermediate opening disposed between the proximal and distal openings.
- the intermediate opening may be configured to receive the cutting section of the looped segment when the looped segment is in the contracted configuration.
- a majority of the looped segment may be disposed proximally of a distal end of the elongated shaft.
- parallel and perpendicular are understood to include relative configurations that are substantially parallel and substantially perpendicular up to about + or ⁇ 25 degrees from true parallel and true perpendicular.
- the term “about” means that the numerical value is approximate and small variations would not significantly affect the practice of the disclosed embodiments. Where a numerical limitation is used, unless indicated otherwise by the context, “about” means the numerical value can vary by ⁇ 10% and remain within the scope of the disclosed embodiments.
- FIG. 1A is a top view of an ophthalmic surgical instrument in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure, illustrating a snare thereof in a contracted configuration;
- FIG. 1B is a top view of the ophthalmic surgical instrument of FIG. 1A , illustrating the snare in a dilated configuration and a pair of stabilization elements in an open configuration;
- FIG. 2A is a side cross-sectional view of the ophthalmic surgical instrument of FIG. 1A , illustrating the snare in the contracted configuration and the stabilization elements in the closed configuration;
- FIG. 2B is a side cross-sectional view of the ophthalmic surgical instrument of FIG. 1A , illustrating the snare in the dilated configuration and the stabilization elements in the open configuration;
- FIG. 3A is a top cross-sectional view of the ophthalmic surgical instrument of FIG. 1A , illustrating the snare in the contracted configuration and the stabilization elements in the closed configuration;
- FIG. 3B is a top cross-sectional view of the ophthalmic surgical instrument of FIG. 1A , illustrating the snare in the dilated configuration and the stabilization elements in the open configuration;
- FIG. 4A is a side view of another embodiment of an ophthalmic surgical instrument, illustrating a snare thereof in a contracted configuration
- FIG. 4B is a side view of the ophthalmic surgical instrument of FIG. 4A , illustrating the snare in a dilated configuration
- FIG. 5A is a side view of yet another embodiment of an ophthalmic surgical instrument, illustrating a snare thereof in a contracted configuration
- FIG. 5B is a side view of the ophthalmic surgical instrument of FIG. 5A , illustrating the snare in a dilated configuration
- FIG. 6 is a side view of yet another embodiment of an ophthalmic surgical instrument, illustrating a snare thereof in a contracted configuration
- FIG. 7 is a side view of yet another embodiment of an ophthalmic surgical instrument, illustrating a snare thereof in a dilated configuration
- FIG. 8 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the snare of FIG. 7 shown isolated from the remainder of the ophthalmic surgical instrument;
- FIG. 9 is an enlarged view of the area of detail labeled “ 9 ” in FIG. 8 ;
- FIG. 10 is an enlarged view of the area of detail labeled “ 10 ” in FIG. 8 ;
- FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of an eye
- FIG. 12 is a side view of yet another embodiment of an ophthalmic surgical instrument, illustrating a snare thereof in a dilated configuration
- FIG. 13 is a bottom view of an elongated shaft of the ophthalmic surgical instrument of FIG. 12 ;
- FIG. 14 is a cross-section, taken along line 14 - 14 in FIG. 13 , of the elongated shaft;
- FIG. 15A is a side cross-sectional view of a distal end portion of the ophthalmic surgical instrument of FIG. 12 illustrating the snare in the dilated configuration;
- FIG. 15B is a side cross-sectional view of the distal end portion of the ophthalmic surgical instrument of FIG. 12 illustrating the snare in a contracted configuration
- FIG. 16 is a side view of another embodiment of a snare for use with the elongated shaft of FIG. 13 ;
- FIG. 17 is a bottom perspective view of the distal end portion of the elongated shaft of FIG. 12 illustrating the snare of FIG. 16 in the contracted configuration;
- FIG. 18 is a side view of another embodiment of a snare for use with the elongated shaft of FIG. 13 ;
- FIG. 19 is a bottom perspective view of the distal end portion of the elongated shaft of FIG. 13 illustrating the snare of FIG. 18 in a contracted configuration
- FIG. 20 is a bottom perspective view of a distal end portion of another embodiment of an ophthalmic surgical instrument illustrating the snare of FIG. 19 in a contracted configuration;
- FIG. 21 is a bottom perspective view of a distal end portion of yet another embodiment of an ophthalmic surgical instrument.
- FIG. 22 is a bottom perspective view of a distal end portion of yet another embodiment of an ophthalmic surgical instrument illustrating.
- distal will refer to that portion of the ophthalmic surgical instrument which is further from the user (i.e., closer to the eye) while the term “proximal” will refer to that portion of the ophthalmic surgical instrument which is closer to the user (i.e., further from the eye).
- the present disclosure provides embodiments of an ophthalmic surgical instrument used to fragment cataractous lenticular tissue prior to its removal from a lens capsule.
- the ophthalmic surgical instrument includes a handle portion and a snare for enclosing and severing the lenticular tissue.
- the ophthalmic surgical instrument is constructed so that a distally-extending shaft thereof acts as the stabilization element.
- the shaft defines a pair of first and second openings through which the snare extends.
- a surface is defined between the first and second openings and acts as a cutting surface against which the snare cuts the lenticular tissue.
- the ophthalmic surgical instrument 100 generally includes a housing 110 , a snare 112 for severing lenticular tissue, and a pair of stabilization elements, such as, for example, elongated arms 120 , 122 that selectively expand from a closed or collapsed configuration ( FIGS. 1A, 2A, 3A ) to an open or expanded configuration ( FIGS. 1B, 2B, 3B ).
- the housing 110 of the ophthalmic surgical instrument 100 has a handle body 114 and first and second levers 116 a , 116 b slidably coupled to the handle body 114 .
- the handle body 114 may be ergonomic and have an elongated configuration. In embodiments, the handle body 114 may assume any suitable shape, such as, for example, rounded, planar, rectangular, or the like.
- the handle body 114 has a tapered distal end portion 118 dimensioned to assist in positioning the ophthalmic surgical instrument 100 adjacent eye structure.
- the levers 116 a , 116 b may be configured as sliders, buttons, triggers, or the like.
- the housing 110 may include a cannulated member, such as, for example, a hollow shaft (not shown), extending distally from the distal end portion 118 of the handle body 114 to facilitate entry of the ophthalmic surgical instrument 100 through a standard corneal incision.
- a cannulated member such as, for example, a hollow shaft (not shown), extending distally from the distal end portion 118 of the handle body 114 to facilitate entry of the ophthalmic surgical instrument 100 through a standard corneal incision.
- the snare 112 of the ophthalmic surgical instrument 100 is operably coupled to the first lever 116 a of the housing 110 and includes a first end portion 112 a and a second end portion 112 b ( FIGS. 2A and 2B ).
- the first end portion 112 a of the snare 112 is movable relative to the housing 110
- the second end portion 112 b of the snare 112 is fixed relative to the housing 110 .
- first end portion 112 a of the snare 112 is coupled to the first lever 116 a of the housing via a first actuator rod 124 , such that movement of the first lever 116 a moves the first end portion 112 a of the snare 112 , and the second end portion 112 b of the snare 112 is fixed to an inner tubular structure 126 ( FIGS. 3A and 3B ) formed in the distal end portion 118 of the handle body 114 . It is contemplated that the second end portion 112 b of the snare 112 may be fixed to the inner tubular structure 126 of the handle body 114 by crimping, welding, adhesives, mechanical interlocks, or any other suitable structure or method.
- the snare 112 has a looped segment 128 disposed at least partially outside of the housing 110 .
- the looped segment 128 of the snare 112 is transitionable, via an actuation of the first lever 116 a , between an insertion or contracted configuration, as shown in FIGS. 1A, 2A, and 3A , and a deployed or dilated configuration, as shown in FIGS. 1B, 2B, and 3B .
- a proximal retraction of the first lever 116 a moves the first end portion 112 a of the snare 112 proximally away from the second end portion 112 b of the snare 112 , thereby reducing the diameter of the looped segment 128 .
- a distal advancement of the first lever 116 a moves the first end portion 112 a of the snare 112 distally toward the second end portion 112 b of the snare 112 , thereby increasing the diameter of the looped segment 128 of the snare 112 .
- the looped segment 128 has a predefined shape dimensioned to closely encircle a lens when the looped segment 128 is in the dilated configuration.
- At least the looped segment 128 of the snare 112 may be a metal or polymer wire, tether, strap, belt, or the like, with any suitable cross-section configuration configured to sever lenticular tissue during contraction of the looped segment 128 about the lenticular tissue.
- the stabilization elements or arms 120 , 122 of the ophthalmic surgical instrument 100 are disposed on opposite sides of a longitudinal axis “X” defined by the snare 112 .
- the arms 120 , 122 are configured to move from the closed configuration ( FIGS. 1A, 2A, 3A ) to the open configuration ( FIGS. 1B, 2B, 3B ) to maintain lenticular tissue in its current location, typically but not always within its lens capsule, as will be described.
- the arms 120 , 122 may be configured to move independently of one another.
- the arms 120 , 122 are illustrated as being linear, but it is contemplated that the arms 120 , 122 may assume any suitable shape, such as, for example, wing-shaped, disc-shaped, plate-like, or polygonal.
- the arms 120 , 122 may be resiliently-biased toward the open configuration by a biasing member, such as, for example, a coil spring 130 , disposed therebetween. As such, upon moving the arms 120 , 122 distally out of the handle body 114 or the hollow shaft (not shown) of the housing 110 , the arms 120 , 122 automatically expand outwardly relative to one another.
- the arms 120 , 122 each have a proximal end portion 120 a , 122 a pivotably coupled to a hub 132 , and a distal end portion 120 b , 122 b .
- the arms 120 , 122 may be configured to shift laterally outward from the collapsed configuration to the expanded configuration.
- the hub 132 couples the arms 120 , 122 to the second lever 116 b of the housing 110 .
- the housing 110 has a second actuator rod 134 interconnecting the hub 132 and the second lever 116 b .
- the second actuator rod 134 transfers the sliding motion to the hub 132 to axially move the arms 120 , 122 along the longitudinal axis “X” of the snare 112 relative to the handle body 114 between a proximal position and a distal position.
- the arms 120 , 122 are concealed within the inner tubular structure 126 of the handle body 110 or the hollow shaft when the hollow shaft is used.
- the inner tubular structure 126 of the handle body 119 maintains the arms 120 , 122 in the collapsed configuration, in which the arms 120 , 122 are parallel with one another and the longitudinal axis “X” of the snare 112 , therefore assuming a reduced profile.
- the arms 120 , 122 move distally out of the housing 110 (the handle body 114 and/or the hollow shaft when used) allowing the outwardly-oriented bias of the biasing member 130 to transition the arms 120 , 122 toward the expanded configuration.
- the arms 120 , 122 may be expanded manually via a drive mechanism (not shown).
- the arms 120 , 122 flare outwardly from opposite sides of the snare 112 to define an angle ⁇ between the arms 120 , 122 .
- the angle ⁇ may be between about 0.1 degrees and about 180 degrees. In embodiments, the angle ⁇ may be between about 10 degrees and about 90 degrees.
- the arms 120 , 122 together define and reside in a horizontal plane, and the expanded looped segment 128 of the snare 112 defines and resides in a vertical plane that is aligned with the longitudinal axis “X” of the snare 112 .
- the arms 120 , 122 remain the horizontal plane throughout their movement between the collapsed and expanded configurations.
- the arms 120 , 122 are parallel with the longitudinal axis “X” of the snare 112 while the horizontal plane of the arms 120 , 122 is perpendicular relative to the vertical plane of the looped segment 128 of the snare 112 .
- the arms 120 , 122 may be axially movable in a direction perpendicular to the horizontal plane of the looped segment 128 to adjust a vertical position of the arms 120 , 122 relative to the housing 110 as well as lenticular tissue.
- the housing 110 may further include a third lever (not shown) coupled to the hub 132 for moving the arms 120 , 122 vertically relative to the housing 110 .
- each of the arms 120 , 122 has a posterior tissue-contacting surface 136 .
- the posterior tissue-contacting surface 136 of the arms 120 , 122 may define an arcuate recess 138 therein dimensioned to conform to an anterior surface of a lens of an eye.
- the posterior tissue-contacting surface 136 of each of the arms 120 , 122 cups the anterior surface of the lens, thereby providing increased surface contact between the arms 120 , 122 and the lens.
- the posterior tissue-contacting surface 136 may have a coating or liner of pliable material, such as an elastomer to help protect vulnerable structures in the eye.
- a small incision in the edge of a cornea is made to provide access to an anterior chamber and an anterior surface of a cataractous lens of a patient's eye “E” ( FIG. 3B ).
- a capsulorhexis is made through the anterior surface of a lens capsule of the patient's eye “E,” thereby providing surgical access to the cataractous lens “L.”
- the hollow shaft of the housing 110 is inserted through the corneal incision and the capsulorhexis to position the looped segment 128 of the snare 112 adjacent the anterior surface of the lens “L.”
- the first lever 116 a is advanced to move the first end portion 112 a of the snare 112 distally, thereby transitioning the looped segment 128 from the insertion configuration to the deployed configuration, as shown in FIG. 2B .
- the snare 112 is rotated about its longitudinal axis “X” (e.g., via rotation of the entire ophthalmic surgical instrument 100 or via a rotation mechanism (not shown) coupled to the snare 112 ) to rotate the looped segment 128 circumferentially about the lens to encircle the lens and position the looped segment 128 so that the vertical plane defined by the looped segment 128 bisects the lens.
- X longitudinal axis “X”
- the second lever 116 b of the housing 110 may be advanced to move the arms 120 , 122 from the proximal position to the distal position.
- the arms 120 , 122 automatically transition from the closed configuration to the open configuration, as shown in FIGS. 1B and 3B . More specifically, the arms 120 , 122 move distally along the anterior surface of the lens “L” while also expanding relative to one another and the longitudinal axis “X” of the snare 112 to position the posterior tissue-contacting surface 136 ( FIG. 2B ) of each of the arms 120 , 122 over lateral side portions of the anterior surface of the lens “L.”
- the first lever 116 a may then be retracted to transition the looped segment 128 from the dilated configuration to the contracted configuration, dividing the lens “L” into two hemispherical sections.
- the looped segment 128 may exert a proximally-oriented and/or anteriorly oriented force on a distal pole “P” of the lens “L.”
- the arms 120 , 122 are in position over the lens “L,” the arms 120 , 122 resist and/or prevent the distal pole “P” of the lens “L” from shifting proximally out of the lens capsule notwithstanding the proximally-oriented force exerted thereon by the snare 112 .
- the fragmented sections of the cataractous lens “L” may then be removed from the eye “E” using any suitable mechanism, such as, for example, an ultrasonic aspirator.
- the snare 112 and/or the arms 120 , 122 may be mechanically powered through an electric motor, a pneumatic power source, a hydraulic power source, magnets, or the like. It is also contemplated that the ophthalmic surgical instrument 100 may be incorporated into a robotic surgical system.
- FIGS. 4A and 4B another embodiment of an ophthalmic surgical instrument 200 is illustrated, similar to the ophthalmic surgical instrument 100 described above. Due to the similarities between the ophthalmic surgical instrument 200 of the present embodiment and the ophthalmic surgical instrument 100 described above, only those elements of the ophthalmic surgical instrument 200 deemed necessary to elucidate the differences from ophthalmic surgical instrument 100 described above will be described in detail.
- the ophthalmic surgical instrument 200 generally includes a housing 210 and a snare 212 for severing lenticular tissue.
- the housing 210 of the ophthalmic surgical instrument 200 has a handle body 214 and a cannulated body, such as, for example, a hollow shaft 226 extending distally from the handle body 214 .
- the hollow shaft 226 is dimensioned for passage through a corneal incision and has a proximal end 226 a integrally formed with or attached to the handle body 214 .
- the snare 212 of the ophthalmic surgical instrument 200 includes a first end portion 212 a and a second end portion 212 b .
- the first end portion 212 a of the snare 212 is movable relative to and within the hollow shaft 226 of the housing 210 via an actuation mechanism (not shown), while the second end portion 212 b of the snare 212 is fixed relative to the housing 210 .
- the first end portion 212 a of the snare 212 may be axially movable within the hollow shaft 226 via any suitable actuation mechanism, such as, for example, manual actuation or any suitable motorized actuation mechanism.
- the second end portion 212 b of the snare 212 may be fixed to an inner surface of the hollow shaft 226 by crimping, welding, adhesives, mechanical interlocks, or any other suitable structure or method.
- the snare 212 has a looped segment 228 disposed protruding out of a distal end 226 b of the hollow shaft 226 .
- the looped segment 228 of the snare 212 is transitionable, via axial movement of the first end portion 212 a of the snare 212 , between an insertion or contracted configuration, as shown in FIG. 4A , and a deployed or dilated configuration, as shown in FIG. 4B .
- a proximal retraction of a lever (not shown) of the housing 210 moves the first end portion 212 a of the snare 212 proximally away from the second end portion 212 b of the snare 212 , thereby reducing the diameter of the looped segment 228 .
- a distal advancement of the lever moves the first end portion 212 a of the snare 212 distally toward the second end portion 212 b of the snare 212 , thereby increasing the diameter of the looped segment 228 of the snare 212 .
- the looped segment 228 has a predefined shape dimensioned to closely encircle a lens when the looped segment 228 is in the dilated configuration.
- the looped segment 228 of the snare 212 differs from the looped segment 128 of the snare 112 of the ophthalmic surgical instrument 100 of FIGS. 1A-3B in that a majority of the looped segment 228 overlaps with the housing 210 (e.g., the hollow shaft 226 ) rather than a majority of the looped segment 228 being disposed distally of the housing 210 .
- the looped segment 228 has a proximal section 228 a having a predefined curvature, and a distal section 228 b having a predefined curvature.
- the distal section 228 b of the looped segment 228 is disposed distally of the distal end 226 of the hollow shaft 226
- the proximal section 228 a of the looped segment 228 is disposed below the hollow shaft 226 and proximally of the distal end 226 b of the hollow shaft 226 .
- the looped segment 228 further includes a pre-bent section 228 c extending from the second end portion 212 b of the snare 212 .
- the pre-bent section 228 c is disposed distally and outside of the housing 210 and has a smaller radius of curvature relative to the proximal and distal sections 228 a , 228 b of the looped segment 228 to position the proximal section 228 a of the looped segment 228 proximally of and underneath the distal end 226 of the hollow shaft 226 of the housing 210 .
- the proximal section 228 a , the distal section 228 b , and the pre-bent section 228 c of the looped segment 228 may be fabricated from the same material or different materials.
- the pre-bent section 228 c may be fabricated from a less flexible material than the proximal and distal sections 228 a , 228 b of the looped segment 228 to ensure that a majority of the looped segment 228 overlaps with the hollow shaft 226 throughout the transition of the looped segment 228 between the contracted and dilated configurations.
- the looped segment 228 defines a length “L” parallel with a central longitudinal axis “A” defined by the hollow shaft 226 .
- the proximal section 228 a of the looped segment 228 has a length “L 1 ,” which is approximately 1 ⁇ 2 or more of the overall length “L” of the looped segment 228
- the distal section 228 b of the looped segment 228 has a length “L 2 ,” which is less than 1 ⁇ 2 of the overall length of the looped segment 228 .
- the length “L 1 ” of the proximal section 228 a of the looped segment 228 is approximately 3 ⁇ 4 of the overall length “L” of the looped segment 228
- the distal section 228 b of the looped segment 228 has a length “L 2 ,” which is approximately 1 ⁇ 4 of the overall length “L” of the looped segment 228 .
- a majority of the looped segment 228 overlaps with the housing 210 (e.g., the hollow shaft 226 ), such that the housing 210 is configured to rest on lenticular tissue during its fragmentation to prevent upward movement thereof during constriction of the looped segment 228 .
- the looped segment 228 is fabricated from shape memory materials, such as, for example, a nickel-titanium alloy to allow the looped segment 228 to move to its predefined, dilated configuration.
- shape memory materials such as shape memory plastics are also contemplated.
- the looped segment 228 may be fabricated from any suitable biocompatible material including, but not limited to, stainless steel, titanium, silicone, polyimide, polyether block amide, nylon, polycarbonate, or combinations thereof.
- a small incision in the edge of a cornea is made to provide access to an anterior chamber and an anterior surface of a cataractous lens of a patient's eye.
- a capsulorhexis is made through the anterior surface of a lens capsule of the patient's eye providing surgical access to the cataractous lens.
- the first end portion 212 a of the snare 212 is advanced distally, thereby transitioning the looped segment 228 from the insertion configuration to the deployed configuration, as shown in FIG. 4B .
- the snare 212 is rotated about its longitudinal axis “A” (e.g., via rotation of the entire ophthalmic surgical instrument 200 or via a rotation mechanism (not shown)) to rotate the looped segment 228 circumferentially about the lens to encircle the lens and position the looped segment 228 relative to the lens so that the plane defined by the looped segment 228 bisects the lens.
- the distal end portion of the hollow shaft 226 overlaps with the anterior surface of the lens and a majority of the looped segment 228 of the snare 212 .
- the looped segment 228 of the snare 212 With the looped segment 228 of the snare 212 disposed about the lens, and the distal end portion of the hollow shaft 226 overlaying and in contact with the anterior surface of the lens, the looped segment 228 is transitioned from the dilated configuration to the contracted configuration, dividing the lens into two hemispherical sections. During constriction of the looped segment 228 about the lens, the looped segment 228 may exert a proximally-oriented and/or anteriorly-oriented force on a distal pole of the lens.
- the hollow shaft 226 resists and/or prevents elevation and/or tilting of the distal pole of the lens notwithstanding the proximally-oriented force exerted thereon by the closing snare 212 .
- the fragmented sections of the cataractous lens may then be removed from the eye using any suitable mechanism, such as, for example, an ultrasonic aspirator.
- FIGS. 5A and 5B another embodiment of an ophthalmic surgical instrument 300 is illustrated, similar to the ophthalmic surgical instrument 200 described above. Due to the similarities between the ophthalmic surgical instrument 300 of the present embodiment and the ophthalmic surgical instrument 200 described above, only those elements of the ophthalmic surgical instrument 300 deemed necessary to elucidate the differences from ophthalmic surgical instrument 200 described above will be described in detail.
- the ophthalmic surgical instrument 300 generally includes a housing 310 and a snare 312 operably coupled to the housing 310 for severing lenticular tissue.
- the housing 310 of the ophthalmic surgical instrument 300 has a handle body 314 and a cannulated body, such as, for example, a hollow shaft 326 extending distally from the handle body 314 .
- the hollow shaft 326 is dimensioned for passage through a corneal incision and has a proximal end 326 a integrally formed with or attached to the handle body 314 , and a closed distal end 326 b .
- the distal end 326 b of the hollow shaft 326 may be open.
- the hollow shaft 326 defines a central longitudinal axis “B” and defines a lateral opening 330 in a lateral side surface 332 thereof.
- the lateral opening 330 is laterally offset from the central longitudinal axis “B” and defines an axis “C” therethrough that is perpendicular to the central longitudinal axis “A” of the hollow shaft 326 .
- the lateral opening 330 may be any suitable shape, such as, for example, circular, elongated, square, or the like.
- the snare 312 of the ophthalmic surgical instrument 300 includes a first end portion 312 a and a second end portion 312 b .
- the first end portion 312 a of the snare 312 is movable relative to and within the hollow shaft 326 of the housing 310 via an actuation mechanism (not shown), similar to the actuation mechanism described above, while the second end portion 312 b of the snare 312 is fixed relative to the housing 310 .
- the second end portion 312 b of the snare 312 may be fixed to an inner surface of the hollow shaft 226 by crimping, welding, adhesives, mechanical interlocks, or any other suitable structure or method. In other embodiments, both the first and second end portions 312 a , 312 b may be axially movable.
- the snare 312 has a looped segment 328 protruding out of the lateral opening 330 in the lateral side 332 of the hollow shaft 226 .
- the looped segment 328 of the snare 312 is transitionable, via axial movement of the first end portion 312 a of the snare 312 , between an insertion or contracted configuration, as shown in FIG. 5A , and a deployed or dilated configuration, as shown in FIG. 5B .
- a proximal retraction of a lever (not shown) of the housing 310 moves the first end portion 312 a of the snare 312 proximally away from the second end portion 312 b of the snare 312 , thereby reducing the diameter of the looped segment 328 .
- a distal advancement of the lever moves the first end portion 312 a of the snare 312 distally toward the second end portion 312 b of the snare 312 , thereby increasing the diameter of the looped segment 328 of the snare 312 .
- the looped segment 328 has a predefined shape dimensioned to closely encircle a lens when the looped segment 328 is in the dilated configuration.
- both the first and second end portions 312 a , 312 b of the snare 312 may be movable to contract or dilate the looped segment 328 .
- the looped segment 328 defines a length “L” parallel with a central longitudinal axis “B” defined by the hollow shaft 326 .
- a majority of the length “L” of the looped segment 328 is in side-by-side, parallel relation with the lateral side 332 of the hollow shaft 326 .
- a majority of the looped segment 328 (i.e., at least half) is disposed proximally of the distal end 326 b of the hollow shaft 326 .
- the hollow shaft 326 hangs over a majority of the looped segment 328 , such that the hollow shaft 326 sits on a lens during lens fragmentation to prevent upward movement of the lens as the looped segment 328 is constricted thereabout.
- the looped segment 328 includes a proximal section 328 a disposed proximally of the lateral opening 330 , and a distal section 328 b disposed distally of the lateral opening 330 . Both the proximal and distal sections 328 a , 328 b of the looped segment 328 are disposed proximally of the distal end 326 b of the hollow shaft 326 when the looped segment 328 is in the contracted configuration, as shown in FIG. 5A .
- the proximal section 328 a of the looped segment 328 is disposed proximally of the distal end 326 b of the hollow shaft 326 , whereas a majority, e.g., at least about half, of the distal segment 328 b is disposed proximally of the distal end 326 b of the hollow shaft 326 .
- a majority of the looped segment 328 is disposed alongside the lateral side 332 of the hollow shaft 326 throughout the transition of the looped segment 328 between the contracted and dilated configurations.
- the looped segment 328 is fabricated from shape memory materials, such as, for example, a nickel-titanium alloy to allow the looped segment 328 to move to its predefined, dilated configuration.
- shape memory materials such as shape memory plastics are also contemplated.
- the looped segment 328 may be fabricated from any suitable biocompatible material including, but not limited to, stainless steel, titanium, silicone, polyimide, polyether block amide, nylon, polycarbonate, or combinations thereof.
- a small incision in the edge of a cornea is made to provide access to an anterior chamber and an anterior surface of a cataractous lens of a patient's eye.
- a capsulorhexis is made through the anterior surface of a lens capsule of the patient's eye providing surgical access to the cataractous lens.
- the first end portion 312 a of the snare 312 is advanced distally, thereby transitioning the looped segment 328 from the contracted configuration to the dilated configuration, as shown in FIG. 5B .
- the snare 312 is rotated about its longitudinal axis “B” (e.g., via rotation of the entire ophthalmic surgical instrument 300 or via a rotation mechanism (not shown)) to rotate the looped segment 328 circumferentially about the lens to encircle the lens and position the looped segment 328 relative to the lens so that the plane defined by the looped segment 328 bisects the lens.
- the axis “C” defined through the lateral opening 330 in the hollow shaft 326 extends perpendicularly through a center of the eye, whereby the hollow shaft 326 overlaps with the anterior surface of the lens and a majority of the looped segment 328 of the snare 312 .
- the looped segment 328 of the snare 312 With the looped segment 328 of the snare 312 disposed about the lens, and the hollow shaft 326 overlaying and in contact with the anterior surface of the lens, the looped segment 328 is transitioned from the dilated configuration to the contracted configuration, dividing the lens into two hemispherical sections. During contraction of the looped segment 328 about the lens, the looped segment 328 may exert a proximally-oriented force on a distal pole of the lens. However, since the hollow shaft 326 is in position over the lens, the hollow shaft 326 resists and/or prevents elevation and/or tilting of the distal pole of the lens notwithstanding the proximally-oriented force exerted thereon by the closing snare 312 .
- the fragmented sections of the cataractous lens may then be removed from the eye using any suitable mechanism, such as, for example, an ultrasonic aspirator.
- FIG. 6 another embodiment of an ophthalmic surgical instrument 400 is illustrated, similar to the ophthalmic surgical instrument 300 described above. Due to the similarities between the ophthalmic surgical instrument 400 of the present embodiment and the ophthalmic surgical instrument 300 described above, only those elements of the ophthalmic surgical instrument 400 deemed necessary to elucidate the differences from ophthalmic surgical instrument 300 described above will be described in detail.
- the ophthalmic surgical instrument 400 generally includes a housing (not explicitly shown), an elongated shaft 426 extending distally from the housing, and a snare 412 for severing lenticular tissue.
- the elongated shaft 426 is dimensioned for passage through a corneal incision “E” and has a proximal portion 425 and a distal end portion 426 b formed with or otherwise coupled to the proximal portion 425 .
- the proximal portion 425 may include a proximal end portion 426 a integrally formed with or attached to the handle housing and an intermediate portion 426 c .
- the elongated shaft 426 may be devoid of any intermediate portion, such that the distal end portion 426 b bends directly from the proximal end portion 426 a .
- the distal tip of the elongated shaft 426 may be open or closed.
- the proximal end portion 426 a of the elongated shaft 426 may have a linear configuration and define a central longitudinal axis “X 1 ,” and the distal end portion 426 b may also be linear and define a central longitudinal axis “X 2 ,” that is offset from and parallel with the central longitudinal axis “X 1 ” of the proximal end portion 426 a .
- the distal end portion 426 b is angled relative to the proximal portion 425 so that upon entry of the distal end portion 426 b into a corneal incision “E,” the distal end portion 426 b will be positioned flush with the anterior surface “AS” of the lens “L” rather than at an angle, which would otherwise occur if the distal end portion 426 b were coaxial with the proximal portion 425 .
- the distal end portion 426 b or the proximal end portion 426 a may assume any suitable configuration.
- the distal end portion 426 b may be curved along its length (e.g., to match a curvature of a lens).
- the intermediate portion 426 c of the elongated shaft 426 extends between the proximal and distal end portions 426 a , 426 b , and is angled relative to the proximal and distal end portions 426 a , 426 b .
- the intermediate portion 426 c may extend between a bent proximal segment 432 of the elongated shaft 426 and a bent distal segment 434 of the elongated shaft 426 .
- the intermediate portion 426 c may have a length of about 2 mm between opposite ends “E” and “F” thereof.
- the intermediate portion 426 c has a linear configuration and defines a third central longitudinal axis “X 3 ” that is non-parallel relative to the first and second central longitudinal axes “X 1 ,” “X 2 .”
- the central longitudinal axis “X 2 ” of the intermediate portion 426 c may be an obtuse angle (e.g., from about 100 degrees to about 170 degrees), an acute angle (e.g., from 10 degrees to about 80 degrees), or a right angle (e.g., about 90 degrees) relative to the first and second central longitudinal axes “X 1 ,” “X 2 .”
- the intermediate portion 426 c may be curved along its length, bent at various points along its length, or assume any suitable configuration that positions the distal end portion 426 b of the elongated shaft 426 on a different plane from the proximal portion 425 .
- the intermediate portion 426 c may be flexible and/or transitionable between an angled position relative to the proximal and distal end portions 426 a , 426 b , and a coaxial configuration therewith.
- the intermediate portion 426 c or various portions of the elongated shaft 426 may be manually transitionable or fabricated from shape memory material that allows the elongated shaft 426 to transition from an otherwise coaxial configuration into the angled configuration as illustrated.
- the distal end portion 426 b of the elongated shaft 426 has a length from about 3.5 mm to about 12 mm and, in some aspects, the distal end portion 426 b may have a length of about 6 mm or about half the diameter of a cornea measured between points “A” and “B.”
- the distal end portion 426 b has a bottom portion 436 configured to be oriented toward a human eye, and an upper portion 438 disposed on an opposite side of the distal end portion 426 b .
- the bottom portion 436 defines an opening 430 therein that is disposed at about a midpoint between opposite ends “C,” “D” of the distal end portion 426 b .
- the opening 430 may be configured as an arcuate cutout in the bottom portion 436 of the distal end portion 426 b .
- the opening 430 may assume any suitable configuration.
- the upper portion 438 of the distal end portion 426 b has an inner surface 440 and an opposed outer surface 442 .
- the inner surface 440 may form a concave depression 444 and the outer surface 442 may form a convex protuberance 446 .
- the concave depression 444 and the convex protuberance 446 overlap the opening 430 .
- the concave depression 444 provides for more space into which the snare 412 may retract, as will be described.
- the snare 412 of the ophthalmic surgical instrument 400 is movable relative to and within the elongated shaft 426 via an actuation mechanism (not shown), similar to the actuation mechanism described above.
- the snare 412 has a cutting segment, such as, for example, a looped segment 428 configured to protrude out of the opening 430 when the looped segment 428 is in a dilated configuration. It is contemplated that due to the additional space provided by the concave depression 444 in the distal end portion 426 b of the elongated shaft 426 , the looped segment 428 of the snare 412 may be entirely or substantially received in the elongated shaft 426 when in the contracted configuration.
- a distance of about 0.5 mm may be defined between a point “H” of the upper portion 442 and a point “G” of the convex protuberance 446 .
- the looped segment 428 may have about 0.5 mm additional space into which it may retract.
- the looped segment 428 defines a length parallel with the central longitudinal axis “X 2 ” defined by the distal end portion 426 b of the elongated shaft 426 . Due to the length of the opening 430 of the elongated shaft 426 being substantially smaller than the length of the looped segment 428 in the dilated configuration, a majority of the length of the looped segment 428 overlaps with the bottom portion 436 of the elongated shaft 426 when the looped segment 428 is in the dilated configuration.
- the bottom portion 436 of the elongated shaft 426 hangs over a majority of the looped segment 428 , such that the elongated shaft 426 sits on a lens “L” during lens fragmentation to prevent upward movement of the lens “L” as the looped segment 428 is constricted thereabout.
- a small incision “E” in the edge of a cornea is made to provide access to an anterior chamber and an anterior surface “AS” of a cataractous lens “L” of a patient's eye.
- the incision “E” is anterior to an anterior surface “AS” of the lens “L.”
- a capsulorhexis is made through the anterior surface of a lens capsule of the patient's eye providing surgical access to the cataractous lens “L.”
- the elongated shaft 426 is inserted through the corneal incision “E” and the capsulorhexis to position the distal end portion 426 b of the elongated shaft 426 in an overlapping arrangement with the anterior surface “AS” of the lens “L,” and position the looped segment 428 of the snare 412 anterior to a central location of the anterior surface “AS” of the lens “L.” Due to the distal end portion 426 b being angled relative to the proximal portion 425 , the distal end portion 426 b is naturally positioned in flush engagement with the anterior surface “AS” of the lens “L” while the proximal portion 425 extends through the incision “E.”
- the looped segment 428 is transitioned from the contracted configuration to the dilated configuration, similar to that shown in FIG. 5B .
- the looped segment 428 of the snare 412 naturally encircles the lens, due to the shape memory material from which the looped segment 428 is fabricated, so that the plane defined by the looped segment 428 bisects the lens.
- the looped segment 428 of the snare 412 With the looped segment 428 of the snare 412 disposed about the lens “L,” and the elongated shaft 426 overlaying and contacting the anterior surface “AS” of the lens “L,” the looped segment 428 is transitioned from the dilated configuration to the contracted configuration, dividing the lens into two hemispherical sections.
- the looped segment 428 may exert a proximally-oriented force on the lens “L.”
- the distal end portion 426 b of the elongated shaft 426 is in position over the lens “L,” the elongated shaft 426 resists and/or prevents elevation and/or tilting of the lens “L” notwithstanding the proximally/anteriorly-oriented force exerted thereon by the closing snare 412 .
- the distal end portion 426 b of the elongated shaft 426 would be set at an upward angle relative to the lens “L,” which would result in an unevenly dispersed force being exerted on the lens “L” during contraction of the looped segment 428 about the lens “L.”
- FIGS. 7-10 another embodiment of a snare 512 of an ophthalmic surgical instrument 500 is illustrated, similar to the snares described above. Due to the similarities between the snare 512 of the present embodiment and the snares described above, only those elements of the snare 512 deemed necessary to elucidate the differences from snares described above will be described in detail. It is contemplated that the snare 512 may be incorporated into the ophthalmic surgical instruments 100 , 200 , 300 , 400 described above or any other suitable hand-held or robotically operated ophthalmic surgical instrument.
- the ophthalmic surgical instrument 500 generally includes a housing 514 , an elongated shaft 526 extending distally from the housing 514 , and the snare 512 for severing lenticular tissue.
- the elongated shaft 526 is dimensioned for passage through a corneal incision and has a proximal end portion 526 a and a distal end portion 526 b formed with or otherwise coupled to the proximal end portion 526 a .
- the proximal end portion 526 a may be integrally formed with or attached to the handle housing 514 .
- the snare 512 of the ophthalmic surgical instrument 500 is movable relative to and within the elongated shaft 526 via an actuation mechanism (not shown), similar to the actuation mechanisms described above.
- the snare 512 generally includes a wire 530 , a light source 532 , and a fiber optic cable 534 .
- the wire 530 has a first end 530 a configured to be coupled to the actuation mechanism, and a second end 530 b fixed to or otherwise coupled to the housing 514 or the elongated shaft 526 .
- the second end 530 b of the wire 530 is fixed to the distal end portion 526 b of the elongated shaft 526 .
- the wire 530 has a looped segment 528 configured to protrude out of an opening 536 of the distal end portion 526 b of the elongated shaft 526 when the looped segment 528 is in a dilated configuration.
- the looped segment 528 has a cutting segment 538 forming the bottom of the looped segment 528 .
- the cutting segment 538 may have a different diameter (e.g., smaller) or shape (e.g., sharpened) than the remainder of the looped segment 528 .
- the cutting segment 538 may have the same thickness and shape as the remainder of the looped segment 528 .
- the wire 530 is fabricated from a pliable, metal material, such as, for example, nickel-titanium or any other suitable superelastic material. In aspects, the wire 530 may be fabricated from any suitable ductile material.
- the wire 530 defines a channel or bore 540 centrally therethrough.
- the channel 540 of the wire 530 has a diameter from about 0.025 mm to about 0.178 mm and, in some aspects, about 0.076 mm.
- the channel 540 is configured to accommodate the fiber optic cable 534 therein.
- an inner surface 542 of the wire 530 that defines the channel 540 may be coated with a material having a high refractive index (e.g., glass, plastic, or a combination thereof) to facilitate passage of light therethrough.
- a material having a high refractive index e.g., glass, plastic, or a combination thereof
- the cutting segment or bottom 538 of the looped segment 528 of the wire 530 has a portion, such as, for example, a port 544 defined therein.
- the port 544 is in communication with the channel 540 to allow light to pass from the channel 540 and out of the cutting segment 538 .
- the port 544 is formed at a bottom-most apex 546 of the looped segment 528 , such that the port 544 is disposed in overlapping alignment with the opening 536 in the elongated shaft 526 when the looped segment 528 assumes its dilated configuration. In this way, when light is emitted through the port 544 , a clinician may be better able to identify the location of the cutting segment 538 of the wire 530 .
- the port 544 may be filled with a light-permeable material 548 , such as, for example, glass, transparent ceramics, clear plastics, etc.
- the light-permeable material 548 allows light to pass through the port 544 while prohibiting fluids and surgical debris from entering the wire 530 .
- the channel 540 of the wire 530 may be closed at the second end 530 b thereof or, in some aspects, the wire 530 may have a plug 550 disposed at a location adjacent and proximally of the port 544 to ensure light passes out of the port 544 .
- the wire may have a plurality of ports formed therein.
- the light source 532 may be an LED, a compact fluorescent lamp, an incandescent light bulb, or any other suitable source of light.
- the light source 532 is in communication with the channel 540 of the wire 530 .
- the light source 532 may be attached to the first end 530 a of the wire 530 and is oriented toward the channel 540 .
- the light source 532 may be disposed within the channel 540 at any suitable location along the length of the wire 530 .
- the light source 532 may be disposed within or otherwise adjacent the port 544 .
- the fiber optic cable 534 extends through the channel 540 and has a proximal end 534 a attached to the light source 532 and a distal end 534 b terminating adjacent the port 544 .
- the fiber optic cable 534 is configured to pass light from the light source 532 and to the port 544 of the cutting segment 538 .
- a small incision in the edge of a cornea “C” is made to provide access to an anterior chamber and an anterior surface “AS” of a cataractous lens “L” of a patient's eye.
- the incision is anterior to the anterior surface “AS” of the lens “L.”
- a capsulorhexis is made through the anterior surface “AS” of the lens capsule of the patient's eye providing surgical access to the cataractous lens “L.”
- a portion of the anterior surface “AS” of the lens “L” may be removed to form a cavity “CA.”
- the cavity “CA” renders the lens “L” more permeable to light, thereby giving a clinician a better view behind the eye.
- the elongated shaft 526 is inserted through the corneal incision and the capsulorhexis to position the distal end portion 526 b of the elongated shaft 526 in an overlapping arrangement with the anterior surface “AS” of the lens “L,” and position the looped segment 528 of the wire 530 anterior to a central location of the anterior surface “AS” of the lens “L.”
- the light source 532 may be activated either prior, during, or after positioning the looped segment 528 adjacent the anterior surface “AS” of the lens “L.”
- the light emitted from the light source 532 is passed through the length of the wire 530 via the fiber optic cable 534 and out of the bottom 538 of the looped segment 528 via the port 544 .
- the looped segment 528 of the wire 530 is transitioned from the contracted configuration to the dilated configuration and guided around the lens “L” to position the cutting segment/bottom 538 of the looped segment 528 adjacent a posterior surface “PS” of the lens “L.”
- the clinician is able to use the light emitted from the port 544 to appropriately position the cutting segment 538 relative to the lens “L.”
- the looped segment 528 With the looped segment 528 in the selected position, which is verified using the light transmitted out of the bottom 538 of the looped segment 528 , the looped segment 528 is transitioned from the dilated configuration to the contracted configuration, thereby severing the lens “L.”
- FIGS. 12-15B another embodiment of an ophthalmic surgical instrument 600 is illustrated, similar to the ophthalmic surgical instruments described above. Due to the similarities between the ophthalmic surgical instrument 600 of the present embodiment and the ophthalmic surgical instruments described above, only those elements of the ophthalmic surgical instrument 600 deemed necessary to elucidate the differences from ophthalmic surgical instruments described above will be described in detail.
- the ophthalmic surgical instrument 600 generally includes a housing 610 and a snare 612 operably coupled to the housing 610 and configured for severing lenticular tissue.
- the housing 610 of the ophthalmic surgical instrument 600 has a handle body 614 and a cannulated body, such as, for example, a hollow, elongated shaft 626 extending distally from the handle body 614 .
- the elongated shaft 626 is dimensioned for passage through a corneal incision and has a proximal end portion 626 a integrally formed with or attached to the handle body 614 , and a distal end portion 626 b having a closed distal tip 627 .
- the distal end portion 626 b may be bent or curved relative to the remainder of the elongated shaft 626 to more suitably position the distal end portion 626 within a corneal incision.
- the elongated shaft 626 has an upper surface 632 a and an opposing bottom surface 632 b configured to be oriented toward and positioned in contact with an eye.
- the bottom surface 632 b of the elongated shaft 626 defines a first opening, such as, for example, a proximal opening 630 , and a second opening, such as, for example, a distal opening 634 therein.
- the proximal and distal openings 630 , 634 are in communication with a hollow interior 636 ( FIG. 14 ) of the elongated shaft 626 and are spaced longitudinally from one another along a longitudinal axis defined by the elongated shaft 626 .
- the proximal and distal openings 630 , 634 are each disposed proximally of the distal tip 627 and are formed in the distal end portion 626 b of the elongated shaft 626 .
- the proximal and distal openings 630 , 634 are generally oval, but it is contemplated that the proximal and distal openings 630 , 634 may assume any suitable shape, such as, for example, circular, elongated, square, or the like. In aspects, the distal opening 634 may be shorter or longer than the proximal opening 630 .
- the bottom surface 632 b of the elongated shaft 626 has a surface, such as, for example, a cutting surface 638 , disposed between and interconnecting the proximal and distal openings 630 , 634 .
- the cutting surface 638 may be arcuate, flat, or assume any suitable shape.
- the snare or wire 612 of the ophthalmic surgical instrument 600 includes a first end portion 612 a and a second end portion 612 b .
- the second end portion 612 b of the wire 612 is movable relative to and within the elongated shaft 626 via an actuation mechanism (not shown), similar to the actuation mechanisms described above, while the first end portion 612 a of the wire 612 is fixed relative to the housing 610 .
- the first end portion 612 a of the wire 362 may be fixed to an inner surface of the elongated shaft 626 adjacent the proximal opening 630 by crimping, welding, adhesives, mechanical interlocks, or any other suitable structure or method.
- the second end portion 612 b of the wire 612 may be fixed whereas the first end portion 612 a of the wire 612 may be axially movable. In other embodiments, both the first and second end portions 612 a , 612 b may be axially movable.
- the wire 612 has a cutting segment, such as, for example, a looped segment 628 protruding through and out of the proximal and distal openings 630 , 634 of the elongated shaft 626 .
- the looped segment 628 of the wire 612 is transitionable, via axial movement of the second end portion 612 b of the wire 612 , between a dilated configuration, as shown in FIG. 15A , and an insertion or contracted configuration, as shown in FIG. 15B .
- a proximal retraction of a lever (not shown) of the housing 610 moves the second end portion 612 b of the snare 612 proximally and into the interior 636 of the elongated shaft 626 via the distal opening 634 , thereby reducing the diameter of the looped segment 628 .
- a distal advancement of the lever moves the second end portion 612 b of the wire 612 distally and out through the distal opening 634 of the elongated shaft 626 , thereby increasing the diameter of the looped segment 628 of the wire 612 .
- the looped segment 628 has a predefined shape dimensioned to closely encircle a lens when the looped segment 628 is in the dilated configuration.
- the looped segment 628 defines a length parallel with the longitudinal axis of the elongated shaft 626 .
- a majority of the length of the looped segment 628 is in side-by-side, parallel relation with the bottom surface 632 b of the elongated shaft 626 .
- a majority of the looped segment 628 i.e., at least half
- the bottom surface 632 b of the elongated shaft 626 hangs over a majority of the looped segment 628 , such that the elongated shaft 626 sits on a lens during lens fragmentation to prevent upward movement of the lens as the looped segment 628 is constricted thereabout.
- a small incision in the edge of a cornea is made to provide access to an anterior chamber and an anterior surface of a cataractous lens of a patient's eye.
- a capsulorhexis is made through the anterior surface of a lens capsule of the patient's eye providing surgical access to the cataractous lens.
- the second end portion 612 b of the snare 612 is advanced distally and out from within the interior 636 of the elongated shaft 626 through the distal opening 634 , thereby transitioning the looped segment 628 from the contracted configuration to the dilated configuration, as shown in FIG. 15A .
- the snare 612 may be rotated about its longitudinal axis (e.g., via rotation of the entire ophthalmic surgical instrument 600 or via a rotation mechanism (not shown)) to rotate the looped segment 628 circumferentially about the lens to encircle the lens and position the looped segment 628 relative to the lens so that the plane defined by the looped segment 628 bisects the lens.
- the lens is disposed between the looped segment 628 and the cutting surface 638 of the bottom surface 632 b of the elongated shaft 626 .
- the looped segment 628 of the snare 612 With the looped segment 628 of the snare 612 disposed about the lens, and the elongated shaft 626 overlaying and in contact with the anterior surface of the lens, the looped segment 628 is transitioned from the dilated configuration toward the contracted configuration.
- a cutting section 640 FIGS. 15A and 15B ) of the looped segment 628 cooperates with the cutting surface 638 of the elongated shaft 626 to apply a cutting force on the lens, thereby dividing the lens into two hemispherical sections.
- a distal edge 642 Nearing the end of the transition of the looped segment 628 toward the contracted configuration, a distal edge 642 ( FIGS.
- the cutting surface 638 may act as a fulcrum allowing the looped segment 628 to be pulled closer to the bottom surface 632 b of the elongated shaft 626 , causing the cutting section 640 of the looped segment 628 to become taught and straight against the cutting surface 638 .
- the cutting surface 638 acts in a similar manner as a cutting block or board where the cutting section 640 of the looped segment 628 acts as the knife.
- a snare such as, for example, a wire 712 is illustrated, similar to the snare 612 described above. It is contemplated that the snare 712 may be incorporated into the elongated shaft 626 described above.
- the snare 712 has a looped segment 728 having a curvature along a majority of its length that matches a curvature of a lens of a human eye.
- the snare 712 differs from the snare 612 in that the looped segment 728 of the snare 712 has a linear, cutting section 740 disposed adjacent the proximal opening 630 in the elongated shaft 626 .
- the linear, cutting section 740 of the looped segment 728 extends between the proximal and distal openings 630 , 634 and engages the cutting surface 638 of the elongated shaft 628 . Due to the cutting section 740 being linear, more of the cutting section 740 contacts the lens as the looped segment 728 moves toward the contracted configuration.
- the ophthalmic surgical instrument 600 ′ generally includes an elongated shaft 626 ′ and the wire or snare 812 of FIG. 19 operably coupled to the elongated shaft 626 ′.
- the elongated shaft 626 ′ has a bottom surface 632 ′ defining a proximal opening 630 ′, a distal opening 634 ′, and an intermediate opening 638 ′ disposed between and spaced from the proximal and distal openings 630 ′, 634 ′.
- the bottom surface 632 ′ has a first section 632 a ′ extending between and interconnecting the proximal opening 630 ′ and the intermediate opening 638 ′, and a second section 632 b ′ extending between and interconnecting the intermediate opening 638 ′ and the distal opening 634 ′.
- the first and second sections 632 a ′, 632 b ′ function as support surfaces for the eye during a transition of the looped segment 828 of the snare 812 from the dilated configuration to the contracted configuration, as will be described below.
- the elongated shaft 626 ′ is positioned on an anterior surface of a lens of an eye, such that at least the first and second sections 632 a ′, 632 b ′ of the bottom surface 632 ′ of the elongated shaft 626 ′ is in contact with the anterior surface.
- the looped segment 828 of the snare 812 is transitioned toward the contracted configuration, as shown in FIG. 20 , to sever the lens of the eye in a similar manner described above. Due to the presence of the intermediate opening 638 ′ in the elongated shaft 626 ′, the cutting section 840 of the looped segment 828 is permitted to cut entirely through the lens as it passes into the intermediate opening 638 ′ in the bottom surface 632 ′.
- the first and second sections 632 a ′, 632 b ′ of the bottom surface 632 ′ exert a reactionary force (in a posterior direction) on the lens to prevent the lens from being lifted, thereby further facilitating cutting of the lens.
- FIG. 21 another embodiment of an elongated shaft 926 of an ophthalmic surgical instrument is illustrated, similar to the elongated shaft 626 of FIGS. 13 and 14 .
- the elongated shaft 926 defines a proximal opening 930 in a bottom surface 932 thereof, and a distal opening 934 .
- the looped segment 628 of the snare 612 extends through each of the proximal and distal openings 930 , 934 .
- the bottom surface 932 has a cutting surface 940 extending between the proximal and distal openings 930 , 934 .
- the difference between the elongated shaft 926 and the elongated shaft 626 of FIGS. 13 and 14 is that the distal opening 934 is defined in a distally-facing surface 936 of a distal tip 927 of the elongated shaft 926 .
- FIG. 22 another embodiment of an elongated shaft 1026 of an ophthalmic surgical instrument is illustrated, similar to the elongated shaft 626 of FIGS. 13 and 14 .
- the elongated shaft 1026 defines a proximal opening 1030 in a bottom surface 1032 thereof, and a distal opening 1034 .
- the looped segment 628 of the snare 612 extends through each of the proximal and distal openings 1030 , 1034 .
- the bottom surface 1032 has a cutting surface 1040 extending between the proximal and distal openings 1030 , 1034 .
- the difference between the elongated shaft 1026 and the elongated shaft 626 of FIGS. 13 and 14 is that the distal opening 1034 has a scooped configuration and extends along a length of an opened distal tip 1027 of the elongated shaft 1026 .
Abstract
An ophthalmic surgical instrument includes an elongated shaft and a snare configured to transition between an expanded configuration, in which the snare is sized to encircle lenticular tissue, and a contracted configuration. The snare has a section configured to cooperate with a bottom surface of the elongated shaft to sever the lenticular tissue therebetween upon the snare transitioning toward the contracted configuration.
Description
- The present disclosure relates to ophthalmic surgical instruments, and more particularly, to ophthalmic surgical instruments and methods that facilitate the fragmentation and removal of a lens from a lens capsule.
- Cataract surgery and other surgical procedures that treat lenticular tissue, such as, for example, the intraocular lens, are performed by making a small incision in the edge of the cornea, which provides access to the anterior chamber and to the anterior surface of the lens capsule. Afterward, a generally circular incision called a capsulorhexis is made through the anterior surface of the lens capsule to provide surgical access to the lens. An ophthalmic surgical instrument may be inserted through the capsulorhexis and used to fragment the cataractous lens to facilitate its removal from the lens capsule. However, during segmentation by the surgical instrument, the distal portion of the lens may be caused to shift undesirably in an upward (i.e., anterior) direction. Such movement may cause trauma to delicate adjacent eye structures such as the lens zonule, lens capsule or, corneal endothelium.
- Accordingly, a continuing need exists in the surgical arts for improved tools and methods for safely fragmenting and removing a cataractous lens.
- In accordance with an aspect of the present disclosure, an ophthalmic surgical instrument for severing a lens of an eye is provided and includes an elongated shaft and a wire extending along the elongated shaft. The elongated shaft includes a distal end portion defining a first opening and a second opening. The first and second openings are spaced from one another along a longitudinal axis defined by the elongated shaft. The wire includes a cutting segment extending through the first and second openings. The cutting segment is configured to move between a contracted configuration, and a dilated configuration, in which the cutting segment assumes a diameter approximating a diameter and shape of a lens of an eye. The cutting segment is configured to sever the lens upon moving toward the contracted configuration.
- In aspects, the distal end portion of the elongated shaft may have a cutting surface that extends longitudinally between the first and second openings. The cutting segment and the cutting surface may be configured to cooperate to apply a cutting force on the lens of the eye upon the cutting segment moving toward the contracted configuration.
- In aspects, the cutting segment may have a section configured to engage the cutting surface when the cutting segment is in the contracted configuration.
- In aspects, the cutting segment may have a curvature along a majority of a length thereof.
- In aspects, the section of the cutting segment may be linear.
- In aspects, the section of the cutting segment may protrude inwardly toward the cutting surface of the elongated shaft when the cutting segment is in the contracted configuration.
- In aspects, the elongated shaft may have a distal tip and the first opening may be spaced proximally of the distal tip.
- In aspects, the second opening may be spaced proximally of the distal tip and distally of the first opening.
- In aspects, the second opening may be defined in the distal tip and may be spaced distally of the first opening.
- In aspects, the elongated shaft may have a closed distal tip.
- In aspects, the cutting segment may have a looped configuration.
- In aspects, the distal end portion of the elongated shaft may define a third opening disposed between the first and second openings. The third opening may be configured to receive a cutting section of the cutting segment when the cutting segment is in the contracted configuration.
- In aspects, the wire may have a first end portion fixed relative to the elongated shaft, and a second end portion configured to translate relative to the elongated shaft to transition the cutting segment between the dilated and contracted configurations.
- In aspects, the first opening may be a proximal opening and the second opening may be a distal opening. The first end portion of the wire may extend through the proximal opening and the second end portion of the wire may extend through the distal opening.
- In accordance with another aspect of the disclosure, an ophthalmic surgical instrument for severing a lens of an eye is provided and includes a housing and a snare opearbly coupled to the housing. The housing includes a handle body and a hollow, elongated shaft extending distally of the handle body. The elongated shaft has a bottom surface configured to be oriented toward a human eye. The bottom surface defines a proximal opening, and a distal opening spaced distally from the proximal opening. The snare is operably coupled to the housing and includes a looped segment configured to move through the proximal and distal openings between a contracted configuration and a dilated configuration. In the dilated configuration, the looped segment may assume a diameter approximating a diameter and shape of a lens of the human eye. The looped segment is configured to sever the lens upon moving toward the contracted configuration.
- In aspects, the bottom surface of the elongated shaft may have a cutting surface that extends longitudinally between the proximal and distal openings. The looped segment and the cutting surface may be configured to cooperate to apply a cutting force on the lens of the human eye as the looped segment moves toward the contracted configuration.
- In aspects, the looped segment may have a cutting section configured to engage the cutting surface when the looped segment is in the contracted configuration.
- In aspects, the cutting section of the looped segment may be linear.
- In aspects, the cutting section of the looped segment may protrude inwardly toward the cutting surface of the elongated shaft when the looped segment is in the contracted configuration.
- In aspects, the elongated shaft may have a closed distal tip.
- In aspects, the bottom surface of the elongated shaft may define an intermediate opening disposed between the proximal and distal openings. The intermediate opening may be configured to receive the cutting section of the looped segment when the looped segment is in the contracted configuration.
- In aspects, a majority of the looped segment may be disposed proximally of a distal end of the elongated shaft.
- As used herein, the terms parallel and perpendicular are understood to include relative configurations that are substantially parallel and substantially perpendicular up to about + or −25 degrees from true parallel and true perpendicular.
- As used herein, the term “about” means that the numerical value is approximate and small variations would not significantly affect the practice of the disclosed embodiments. Where a numerical limitation is used, unless indicated otherwise by the context, “about” means the numerical value can vary by ±10% and remain within the scope of the disclosed embodiments.
- Embodiments of the present disclosure are described herein with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:
-
FIG. 1A is a top view of an ophthalmic surgical instrument in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure, illustrating a snare thereof in a contracted configuration; -
FIG. 1B is a top view of the ophthalmic surgical instrument ofFIG. 1A , illustrating the snare in a dilated configuration and a pair of stabilization elements in an open configuration; -
FIG. 2A is a side cross-sectional view of the ophthalmic surgical instrument ofFIG. 1A , illustrating the snare in the contracted configuration and the stabilization elements in the closed configuration; -
FIG. 2B is a side cross-sectional view of the ophthalmic surgical instrument ofFIG. 1A , illustrating the snare in the dilated configuration and the stabilization elements in the open configuration; -
FIG. 3A is a top cross-sectional view of the ophthalmic surgical instrument ofFIG. 1A , illustrating the snare in the contracted configuration and the stabilization elements in the closed configuration; -
FIG. 3B is a top cross-sectional view of the ophthalmic surgical instrument ofFIG. 1A , illustrating the snare in the dilated configuration and the stabilization elements in the open configuration; -
FIG. 4A is a side view of another embodiment of an ophthalmic surgical instrument, illustrating a snare thereof in a contracted configuration; -
FIG. 4B is a side view of the ophthalmic surgical instrument ofFIG. 4A , illustrating the snare in a dilated configuration; -
FIG. 5A is a side view of yet another embodiment of an ophthalmic surgical instrument, illustrating a snare thereof in a contracted configuration; -
FIG. 5B is a side view of the ophthalmic surgical instrument ofFIG. 5A , illustrating the snare in a dilated configuration; -
FIG. 6 is a side view of yet another embodiment of an ophthalmic surgical instrument, illustrating a snare thereof in a contracted configuration; -
FIG. 7 is a side view of yet another embodiment of an ophthalmic surgical instrument, illustrating a snare thereof in a dilated configuration; -
FIG. 8 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the snare ofFIG. 7 shown isolated from the remainder of the ophthalmic surgical instrument; -
FIG. 9 is an enlarged view of the area of detail labeled “9” inFIG. 8 ; -
FIG. 10 is an enlarged view of the area of detail labeled “10” inFIG. 8 ; -
FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of an eye; -
FIG. 12 is a side view of yet another embodiment of an ophthalmic surgical instrument, illustrating a snare thereof in a dilated configuration; -
FIG. 13 is a bottom view of an elongated shaft of the ophthalmic surgical instrument ofFIG. 12 ; -
FIG. 14 is a cross-section, taken along line 14-14 inFIG. 13 , of the elongated shaft; -
FIG. 15A is a side cross-sectional view of a distal end portion of the ophthalmic surgical instrument ofFIG. 12 illustrating the snare in the dilated configuration; -
FIG. 15B is a side cross-sectional view of the distal end portion of the ophthalmic surgical instrument ofFIG. 12 illustrating the snare in a contracted configuration; -
FIG. 16 is a side view of another embodiment of a snare for use with the elongated shaft ofFIG. 13 ; -
FIG. 17 is a bottom perspective view of the distal end portion of the elongated shaft ofFIG. 12 illustrating the snare ofFIG. 16 in the contracted configuration; -
FIG. 18 is a side view of another embodiment of a snare for use with the elongated shaft ofFIG. 13 ; -
FIG. 19 is a bottom perspective view of the distal end portion of the elongated shaft ofFIG. 13 illustrating the snare ofFIG. 18 in a contracted configuration; -
FIG. 20 is a bottom perspective view of a distal end portion of another embodiment of an ophthalmic surgical instrument illustrating the snare ofFIG. 19 in a contracted configuration; -
FIG. 21 is a bottom perspective view of a distal end portion of yet another embodiment of an ophthalmic surgical instrument; and -
FIG. 22 is a bottom perspective view of a distal end portion of yet another embodiment of an ophthalmic surgical instrument illustrating. - Embodiments of the presently disclosed ophthalmic surgical instruments are described in detail with reference to the drawings, in which like reference numerals designate identical or corresponding elements in each of the several views. As used herein and as is traditional, the term “distal” will refer to that portion of the ophthalmic surgical instrument which is further from the user (i.e., closer to the eye) while the term “proximal” will refer to that portion of the ophthalmic surgical instrument which is closer to the user (i.e., further from the eye).
- The present disclosure provides embodiments of an ophthalmic surgical instrument used to fragment cataractous lenticular tissue prior to its removal from a lens capsule. The ophthalmic surgical instrument includes a handle portion and a snare for enclosing and severing the lenticular tissue. The ophthalmic surgical instrument is constructed so that a distally-extending shaft thereof acts as the stabilization element. In aspects, the shaft defines a pair of first and second openings through which the snare extends. A surface is defined between the first and second openings and acts as a cutting surface against which the snare cuts the lenticular tissue. These and other features and advantages of the various embodiments of the disclosed ophthalmic surgical instruments will be described below.
- With reference to
FIGS. 1A-3C , an exemplary embodiment of an ophthalmic surgical instrument is illustrated and is generally designated 100. The ophthalmicsurgical instrument 100 generally includes ahousing 110, asnare 112 for severing lenticular tissue, and a pair of stabilization elements, such as, for example,elongated arms FIGS. 1A, 2A, 3A ) to an open or expanded configuration (FIGS. 1B, 2B, 3B ). - The
housing 110 of the ophthalmicsurgical instrument 100 has ahandle body 114 and first andsecond levers handle body 114. Thehandle body 114 may be ergonomic and have an elongated configuration. In embodiments, thehandle body 114 may assume any suitable shape, such as, for example, rounded, planar, rectangular, or the like. Thehandle body 114 has a tapereddistal end portion 118 dimensioned to assist in positioning the ophthalmicsurgical instrument 100 adjacent eye structure. Thelevers housing 110 may include a cannulated member, such as, for example, a hollow shaft (not shown), extending distally from thedistal end portion 118 of thehandle body 114 to facilitate entry of the ophthalmicsurgical instrument 100 through a standard corneal incision. - The
snare 112 of the ophthalmicsurgical instrument 100 is operably coupled to thefirst lever 116 a of thehousing 110 and includes afirst end portion 112 a and asecond end portion 112 b (FIGS. 2A and 2B ). Thefirst end portion 112 a of thesnare 112 is movable relative to thehousing 110, while thesecond end portion 112 b of thesnare 112 is fixed relative to thehousing 110. In particular, thefirst end portion 112 a of thesnare 112 is coupled to thefirst lever 116 a of the housing via afirst actuator rod 124, such that movement of thefirst lever 116 a moves thefirst end portion 112 a of thesnare 112, and thesecond end portion 112 b of thesnare 112 is fixed to an inner tubular structure 126 (FIGS. 3A and 3B ) formed in thedistal end portion 118 of thehandle body 114. It is contemplated that thesecond end portion 112 b of thesnare 112 may be fixed to the innertubular structure 126 of thehandle body 114 by crimping, welding, adhesives, mechanical interlocks, or any other suitable structure or method. - With reference to
FIGS. 2A and 2B , thesnare 112 has a loopedsegment 128 disposed at least partially outside of thehousing 110. The loopedsegment 128 of thesnare 112 is transitionable, via an actuation of thefirst lever 116 a, between an insertion or contracted configuration, as shown inFIGS. 1A, 2A, and 3A , and a deployed or dilated configuration, as shown inFIGS. 1B, 2B, and 3B . For example, a proximal retraction of thefirst lever 116 a moves thefirst end portion 112 a of thesnare 112 proximally away from thesecond end portion 112 b of thesnare 112, thereby reducing the diameter of the loopedsegment 128. In contrast, a distal advancement of thefirst lever 116 a moves thefirst end portion 112 a of thesnare 112 distally toward thesecond end portion 112 b of thesnare 112, thereby increasing the diameter of the loopedsegment 128 of thesnare 112. The loopedsegment 128 has a predefined shape dimensioned to closely encircle a lens when the loopedsegment 128 is in the dilated configuration. - In embodiments, at least the looped
segment 128 of thesnare 112 may be a metal or polymer wire, tether, strap, belt, or the like, with any suitable cross-section configuration configured to sever lenticular tissue during contraction of the loopedsegment 128 about the lenticular tissue. - For an exemplary description of further features of the
snare 112 and the mechanism of its operation, reference may be made to U.S. Pat. No. 9,775,743, filed on Sep. 17, 2014, the entire contents of which being incorporated by reference herein. - With continued reference to
FIGS. 1B and 2A-3B , the stabilization elements orarms surgical instrument 100 are disposed on opposite sides of a longitudinal axis “X” defined by thesnare 112. Thearms FIGS. 1A, 2A, 3A ) to the open configuration (FIGS. 1B, 2B, 3B ) to maintain lenticular tissue in its current location, typically but not always within its lens capsule, as will be described. In embodiments, thearms arms arms - The
arms coil spring 130, disposed therebetween. As such, upon moving thearms handle body 114 or the hollow shaft (not shown) of thehousing 110, thearms arms proximal end portion hub 132, and adistal end portion arms - The
hub 132 couples thearms second lever 116 b of thehousing 110. In particular, thehousing 110 has asecond actuator rod 134 interconnecting thehub 132 and thesecond lever 116 b. Upon sliding thesecond lever 116 b relative to thehandle body 114, thesecond actuator rod 134 transfers the sliding motion to thehub 132 to axially move thearms snare 112 relative to thehandle body 114 between a proximal position and a distal position. In the proximal position, thearms tubular structure 126 of thehandle body 110 or the hollow shaft when the hollow shaft is used. With thearms housing 110, the innertubular structure 126 of the handle body 119 (or the hollow shaft when used) maintains thearms arms snare 112, therefore assuming a reduced profile. Upon moving thearms arms handle body 114 and/or the hollow shaft when used) allowing the outwardly-oriented bias of the biasingmember 130 to transition thearms housing 110, thearms - As shown in
FIGS. 1B and 3B , in the expanded configuration, thearms snare 112 to define an angle α between thearms - The
arms segment 128 of thesnare 112 defines and resides in a vertical plane that is aligned with the longitudinal axis “X” of thesnare 112. Thearms arms snare 112 while the horizontal plane of thearms segment 128 of thesnare 112. - In embodiments, the
arms segment 128 to adjust a vertical position of thearms housing 110 as well as lenticular tissue. For example, thehousing 110 may further include a third lever (not shown) coupled to thehub 132 for moving thearms housing 110. - As best shown in
FIGS. 2A and 2B , each of thearms surface 136. The posterior tissue-contactingsurface 136 of thearms arcuate recess 138 therein dimensioned to conform to an anterior surface of a lens of an eye. As such, upon deploying thearms surface 136 of each of thearms arms surface 136 may have a coating or liner of pliable material, such as an elastomer to help protect vulnerable structures in the eye. - In operation, a small incision in the edge of a cornea is made to provide access to an anterior chamber and an anterior surface of a cataractous lens of a patient's eye “E” (
FIG. 3B ). A capsulorhexis is made through the anterior surface of a lens capsule of the patient's eye “E,” thereby providing surgical access to the cataractous lens “L.” With thearms surgical instrument 100 disposed in the proximal position within thehousing 110, and thesnare 112 in the insertion configuration, as shown inFIGS. 2A and 3A , the hollow shaft of thehousing 110 is inserted through the corneal incision and the capsulorhexis to position the loopedsegment 128 of thesnare 112 adjacent the anterior surface of the lens “L.” Once in position, thefirst lever 116 a is advanced to move thefirst end portion 112 a of thesnare 112 distally, thereby transitioning the loopedsegment 128 from the insertion configuration to the deployed configuration, as shown inFIG. 2B . With the loopedsegment 128 in the deployed configuration, thesnare 112 is rotated about its longitudinal axis “X” (e.g., via rotation of the entire ophthalmicsurgical instrument 100 or via a rotation mechanism (not shown) coupled to the snare 112) to rotate the loopedsegment 128 circumferentially about the lens to encircle the lens and position the loopedsegment 128 so that the vertical plane defined by the loopedsegment 128 bisects the lens. - With the looped
segment 128 of thesnare 112 in the selected position noted above, thesecond lever 116 b of thehousing 110 may be advanced to move thearms arms arms FIGS. 1B and 3B . More specifically, thearms snare 112 to position the posterior tissue-contacting surface 136 (FIG. 2B ) of each of thearms - With the
arms first lever 116 a may then be retracted to transition the loopedsegment 128 from the dilated configuration to the contracted configuration, dividing the lens “L” into two hemispherical sections. During constriction of the loopedsegment 128 about the lens “L,” the loopedsegment 128 may exert a proximally-oriented and/or anteriorly oriented force on a distal pole “P” of the lens “L.” However, since thearms arms snare 112. - After one or more fragmentations of the lens “L” by the ophthalmic
surgical instrument 100, the fragmented sections of the cataractous lens “L” may then be removed from the eye “E” using any suitable mechanism, such as, for example, an ultrasonic aspirator. - In some embodiments, the
snare 112 and/or thearms surgical instrument 100 may be incorporated into a robotic surgical system. - With reference to
FIGS. 4A and 4B , another embodiment of an ophthalmicsurgical instrument 200 is illustrated, similar to the ophthalmicsurgical instrument 100 described above. Due to the similarities between the ophthalmicsurgical instrument 200 of the present embodiment and the ophthalmicsurgical instrument 100 described above, only those elements of the ophthalmicsurgical instrument 200 deemed necessary to elucidate the differences from ophthalmicsurgical instrument 100 described above will be described in detail. - The ophthalmic
surgical instrument 200 generally includes ahousing 210 and asnare 212 for severing lenticular tissue. Thehousing 210 of the ophthalmicsurgical instrument 200 has ahandle body 214 and a cannulated body, such as, for example, ahollow shaft 226 extending distally from thehandle body 214. Thehollow shaft 226 is dimensioned for passage through a corneal incision and has aproximal end 226 a integrally formed with or attached to thehandle body 214. - The
snare 212 of the ophthalmicsurgical instrument 200 includes afirst end portion 212 a and asecond end portion 212 b. Thefirst end portion 212 a of thesnare 212 is movable relative to and within thehollow shaft 226 of thehousing 210 via an actuation mechanism (not shown), while thesecond end portion 212 b of thesnare 212 is fixed relative to thehousing 210. It is contemplated that thefirst end portion 212 a of thesnare 212 may be axially movable within thehollow shaft 226 via any suitable actuation mechanism, such as, for example, manual actuation or any suitable motorized actuation mechanism. Thesecond end portion 212 b of thesnare 212 may be fixed to an inner surface of thehollow shaft 226 by crimping, welding, adhesives, mechanical interlocks, or any other suitable structure or method. - The
snare 212 has a loopedsegment 228 disposed protruding out of adistal end 226 b of thehollow shaft 226. The loopedsegment 228 of thesnare 212 is transitionable, via axial movement of thefirst end portion 212 a of thesnare 212, between an insertion or contracted configuration, as shown inFIG. 4A , and a deployed or dilated configuration, as shown inFIG. 4B . For example, a proximal retraction of a lever (not shown) of thehousing 210 moves thefirst end portion 212 a of thesnare 212 proximally away from thesecond end portion 212 b of thesnare 212, thereby reducing the diameter of the loopedsegment 228. In contrast, a distal advancement of the lever moves thefirst end portion 212 a of thesnare 212 distally toward thesecond end portion 212 b of thesnare 212, thereby increasing the diameter of the loopedsegment 228 of thesnare 212. The loopedsegment 228 has a predefined shape dimensioned to closely encircle a lens when the loopedsegment 228 is in the dilated configuration. - The looped
segment 228 of thesnare 212 differs from the loopedsegment 128 of thesnare 112 of the ophthalmicsurgical instrument 100 ofFIGS. 1A-3B in that a majority of the loopedsegment 228 overlaps with the housing 210 (e.g., the hollow shaft 226) rather than a majority of the loopedsegment 228 being disposed distally of thehousing 210. The loopedsegment 228 has aproximal section 228 a having a predefined curvature, and adistal section 228 b having a predefined curvature. Thedistal section 228 b of the loopedsegment 228 is disposed distally of thedistal end 226 of thehollow shaft 226, and theproximal section 228 a of the loopedsegment 228 is disposed below thehollow shaft 226 and proximally of thedistal end 226 b of thehollow shaft 226. - The looped
segment 228 further includes apre-bent section 228 c extending from thesecond end portion 212 b of thesnare 212. Thepre-bent section 228 c is disposed distally and outside of thehousing 210 and has a smaller radius of curvature relative to the proximal anddistal sections segment 228 to position theproximal section 228 a of the loopedsegment 228 proximally of and underneath thedistal end 226 of thehollow shaft 226 of thehousing 210. Theproximal section 228 a, thedistal section 228 b, and thepre-bent section 228 c of the loopedsegment 228 may be fabricated from the same material or different materials. For example, thepre-bent section 228 c may be fabricated from a less flexible material than the proximal anddistal sections segment 228 to ensure that a majority of the loopedsegment 228 overlaps with thehollow shaft 226 throughout the transition of the loopedsegment 228 between the contracted and dilated configurations. - The looped
segment 228 defines a length “L” parallel with a central longitudinal axis “A” defined by thehollow shaft 226. Theproximal section 228 a of the loopedsegment 228 has a length “L1,” which is approximately ½ or more of the overall length “L” of the loopedsegment 228, and thedistal section 228 b of the loopedsegment 228 has a length “L2,” which is less than ½ of the overall length of the loopedsegment 228. In embodiments, the length “L1” of theproximal section 228 a of the loopedsegment 228 is approximately ¾ of the overall length “L” of the loopedsegment 228, and thedistal section 228 b of the loopedsegment 228 has a length “L2,” which is approximately ¼ of the overall length “L” of the loopedsegment 228. In this way, during use of the ophthalmicsurgical instrument 200, a majority of the loopedsegment 228 overlaps with the housing 210 (e.g., the hollow shaft 226), such that thehousing 210 is configured to rest on lenticular tissue during its fragmentation to prevent upward movement thereof during constriction of the loopedsegment 228. - The looped
segment 228 is fabricated from shape memory materials, such as, for example, a nickel-titanium alloy to allow the loopedsegment 228 to move to its predefined, dilated configuration. Other shape memory materials, such as shape memory plastics are also contemplated. In other embodiments, the loopedsegment 228 may be fabricated from any suitable biocompatible material including, but not limited to, stainless steel, titanium, silicone, polyimide, polyether block amide, nylon, polycarbonate, or combinations thereof. - In operation, a small incision in the edge of a cornea is made to provide access to an anterior chamber and an anterior surface of a cataractous lens of a patient's eye. A capsulorhexis is made through the anterior surface of a lens capsule of the patient's eye providing surgical access to the cataractous lens. With the
snare 212 of the ophthalmicsurgical instrument 200 in the insertion configuration, as shown inFIG. 4A , thehollow shaft 226 of thehousing 210 is inserted through the corneal incision and the capsulorhexis to position a distal end portion of thehollow shaft 226 in an overlapping arrangement with the anterior surface of the lens, and position the loopedsegment 228 of thesnare 212 adjacent the anterior surface of the lens. - Once the looped
segment 228 is in the appropriate position, thefirst end portion 212 a of thesnare 212 is advanced distally, thereby transitioning the loopedsegment 228 from the insertion configuration to the deployed configuration, as shown inFIG. 4B . With the loopedsegment 228 in the deployed configuration, thesnare 212 is rotated about its longitudinal axis “A” (e.g., via rotation of the entire ophthalmicsurgical instrument 200 or via a rotation mechanism (not shown)) to rotate the loopedsegment 228 circumferentially about the lens to encircle the lens and position the loopedsegment 228 relative to the lens so that the plane defined by the loopedsegment 228 bisects the lens. Upon rotating thesnare 212 to the selected position, the distal end portion of thehollow shaft 226 overlaps with the anterior surface of the lens and a majority of the loopedsegment 228 of thesnare 212. - With the looped
segment 228 of thesnare 212 disposed about the lens, and the distal end portion of thehollow shaft 226 overlaying and in contact with the anterior surface of the lens, the loopedsegment 228 is transitioned from the dilated configuration to the contracted configuration, dividing the lens into two hemispherical sections. During constriction of the loopedsegment 228 about the lens, the loopedsegment 228 may exert a proximally-oriented and/or anteriorly-oriented force on a distal pole of the lens. However, since the distal end portion of thehollow shaft 226 is in position over the lens, thehollow shaft 226 resists and/or prevents elevation and/or tilting of the distal pole of the lens notwithstanding the proximally-oriented force exerted thereon by theclosing snare 212. - After one or more fragmentations of the lens by the ophthalmic
surgical instrument 200, the fragmented sections of the cataractous lens may then be removed from the eye using any suitable mechanism, such as, for example, an ultrasonic aspirator. - With reference to
FIGS. 5A and 5B , another embodiment of an ophthalmicsurgical instrument 300 is illustrated, similar to the ophthalmicsurgical instrument 200 described above. Due to the similarities between the ophthalmicsurgical instrument 300 of the present embodiment and the ophthalmicsurgical instrument 200 described above, only those elements of the ophthalmicsurgical instrument 300 deemed necessary to elucidate the differences from ophthalmicsurgical instrument 200 described above will be described in detail. - The ophthalmic
surgical instrument 300 generally includes ahousing 310 and asnare 312 operably coupled to thehousing 310 for severing lenticular tissue. Thehousing 310 of the ophthalmicsurgical instrument 300 has ahandle body 314 and a cannulated body, such as, for example, ahollow shaft 326 extending distally from thehandle body 314. Thehollow shaft 326 is dimensioned for passage through a corneal incision and has aproximal end 326 a integrally formed with or attached to thehandle body 314, and a closeddistal end 326 b. In embodiments, thedistal end 326 b of thehollow shaft 326 may be open. Thehollow shaft 326 defines a central longitudinal axis “B” and defines alateral opening 330 in alateral side surface 332 thereof. Thelateral opening 330 is laterally offset from the central longitudinal axis “B” and defines an axis “C” therethrough that is perpendicular to the central longitudinal axis “A” of thehollow shaft 326. Thelateral opening 330 may be any suitable shape, such as, for example, circular, elongated, square, or the like. - The
snare 312 of the ophthalmicsurgical instrument 300 includes afirst end portion 312 a and asecond end portion 312 b. Thefirst end portion 312 a of thesnare 312 is movable relative to and within thehollow shaft 326 of thehousing 310 via an actuation mechanism (not shown), similar to the actuation mechanism described above, while thesecond end portion 312 b of thesnare 312 is fixed relative to thehousing 310. Thesecond end portion 312 b of thesnare 312 may be fixed to an inner surface of thehollow shaft 226 by crimping, welding, adhesives, mechanical interlocks, or any other suitable structure or method. In other embodiments, both the first andsecond end portions - The
snare 312 has a loopedsegment 328 protruding out of thelateral opening 330 in thelateral side 332 of thehollow shaft 226. The loopedsegment 328 of thesnare 312 is transitionable, via axial movement of thefirst end portion 312 a of thesnare 312, between an insertion or contracted configuration, as shown inFIG. 5A , and a deployed or dilated configuration, as shown inFIG. 5B . For example, a proximal retraction of a lever (not shown) of thehousing 310 moves thefirst end portion 312 a of thesnare 312 proximally away from thesecond end portion 312 b of thesnare 312, thereby reducing the diameter of the loopedsegment 328. In contrast, a distal advancement of the lever moves thefirst end portion 312 a of thesnare 312 distally toward thesecond end portion 312 b of thesnare 312, thereby increasing the diameter of the loopedsegment 328 of thesnare 312. The loopedsegment 328 has a predefined shape dimensioned to closely encircle a lens when the loopedsegment 328 is in the dilated configuration. In embodiments, both the first andsecond end portions snare 312 may be movable to contract or dilate the loopedsegment 328. - The looped
segment 328 defines a length “L” parallel with a central longitudinal axis “B” defined by thehollow shaft 326. A majority of the length “L” of the loopedsegment 328 is in side-by-side, parallel relation with thelateral side 332 of thehollow shaft 326. Further, a majority of the looped segment 328 (i.e., at least half) is disposed proximally of thedistal end 326 b of thehollow shaft 326. In this way, during use of the ophthalmicsurgical instrument 300, thehollow shaft 326 hangs over a majority of the loopedsegment 328, such that thehollow shaft 326 sits on a lens during lens fragmentation to prevent upward movement of the lens as the loopedsegment 328 is constricted thereabout. - The looped
segment 328 includes aproximal section 328 a disposed proximally of thelateral opening 330, and adistal section 328 b disposed distally of thelateral opening 330. Both the proximal anddistal sections segment 328 are disposed proximally of thedistal end 326 b of thehollow shaft 326 when the loopedsegment 328 is in the contracted configuration, as shown inFIG. 5A . When the loopedsegment 328 is in the dilated configuration, theproximal section 328 a of the loopedsegment 328 is disposed proximally of thedistal end 326 b of thehollow shaft 326, whereas a majority, e.g., at least about half, of thedistal segment 328 b is disposed proximally of thedistal end 326 b of thehollow shaft 326. As such, a majority of the loopedsegment 328 is disposed alongside thelateral side 332 of thehollow shaft 326 throughout the transition of the loopedsegment 328 between the contracted and dilated configurations. - The looped
segment 328 is fabricated from shape memory materials, such as, for example, a nickel-titanium alloy to allow the loopedsegment 328 to move to its predefined, dilated configuration. Other shape memory materials, such as shape memory plastics are also contemplated. In other embodiments, the loopedsegment 328 may be fabricated from any suitable biocompatible material including, but not limited to, stainless steel, titanium, silicone, polyimide, polyether block amide, nylon, polycarbonate, or combinations thereof. - In operation, a small incision in the edge of a cornea is made to provide access to an anterior chamber and an anterior surface of a cataractous lens of a patient's eye. A capsulorhexis is made through the anterior surface of a lens capsule of the patient's eye providing surgical access to the cataractous lens. With the
snare 312 of the ophthalmicsurgical instrument 300 in the contracted configuration, as shown inFIG. 5A , thehollow shaft 326 of thehousing 310 is inserted through the corneal incision and the capsulorhexis to position a distal end portion of thehollow shaft 326 in an overlapping arrangement with the anterior surface of the lens, and position the loopedsegment 328 of thesnare 312 adjacent the anterior surface of the lens. - Once the looped
segment 328 is in the appropriate position, thefirst end portion 312 a of thesnare 312 is advanced distally, thereby transitioning the loopedsegment 328 from the contracted configuration to the dilated configuration, as shown inFIG. 5B . With the loopedsegment 328 in the deployed configuration, thesnare 312 is rotated about its longitudinal axis “B” (e.g., via rotation of the entire ophthalmicsurgical instrument 300 or via a rotation mechanism (not shown)) to rotate the loopedsegment 328 circumferentially about the lens to encircle the lens and position the loopedsegment 328 relative to the lens so that the plane defined by the loopedsegment 328 bisects the lens. Upon rotating thesnare 312 to the selected position, the axis “C” defined through thelateral opening 330 in thehollow shaft 326 extends perpendicularly through a center of the eye, whereby thehollow shaft 326 overlaps with the anterior surface of the lens and a majority of the loopedsegment 328 of thesnare 312. - With the looped
segment 328 of thesnare 312 disposed about the lens, and thehollow shaft 326 overlaying and in contact with the anterior surface of the lens, the loopedsegment 328 is transitioned from the dilated configuration to the contracted configuration, dividing the lens into two hemispherical sections. During contraction of the loopedsegment 328 about the lens, the loopedsegment 328 may exert a proximally-oriented force on a distal pole of the lens. However, since thehollow shaft 326 is in position over the lens, thehollow shaft 326 resists and/or prevents elevation and/or tilting of the distal pole of the lens notwithstanding the proximally-oriented force exerted thereon by theclosing snare 312. - After one or more fragmentations of the lens by the ophthalmic
surgical instrument 300, the fragmented sections of the cataractous lens may then be removed from the eye using any suitable mechanism, such as, for example, an ultrasonic aspirator. - With reference to
FIG. 6 , another embodiment of an ophthalmicsurgical instrument 400 is illustrated, similar to the ophthalmicsurgical instrument 300 described above. Due to the similarities between the ophthalmicsurgical instrument 400 of the present embodiment and the ophthalmicsurgical instrument 300 described above, only those elements of the ophthalmicsurgical instrument 400 deemed necessary to elucidate the differences from ophthalmicsurgical instrument 300 described above will be described in detail. - The ophthalmic
surgical instrument 400 generally includes a housing (not explicitly shown), anelongated shaft 426 extending distally from the housing, and asnare 412 for severing lenticular tissue. Theelongated shaft 426 is dimensioned for passage through a corneal incision “E” and has a proximal portion 425 and a distal end portion 426 b formed with or otherwise coupled to the proximal portion 425. The proximal portion 425 may include a proximal end portion 426 a integrally formed with or attached to the handle housing and an intermediate portion 426 c. In aspects, theelongated shaft 426 may be devoid of any intermediate portion, such that the distal end portion 426 b bends directly from the proximal end portion 426 a. In embodiments, the distal tip of theelongated shaft 426 may be open or closed. - The proximal end portion 426 a of the
elongated shaft 426 may have a linear configuration and define a central longitudinal axis “X1,” and the distal end portion 426 b may also be linear and define a central longitudinal axis “X2,” that is offset from and parallel with the central longitudinal axis “X1” of the proximal end portion 426 a. The distal end portion 426 b is angled relative to the proximal portion 425 so that upon entry of the distal end portion 426 b into a corneal incision “E,” the distal end portion 426 b will be positioned flush with the anterior surface “AS” of the lens “L” rather than at an angle, which would otherwise occur if the distal end portion 426 b were coaxial with the proximal portion 425. In aspects, the distal end portion 426 b or the proximal end portion 426 a may assume any suitable configuration. For example, the distal end portion 426 b may be curved along its length (e.g., to match a curvature of a lens). - The intermediate portion 426 c of the
elongated shaft 426 extends between the proximal and distal end portions 426 a, 426 b, and is angled relative to the proximal and distal end portions 426 a, 426 b. The intermediate portion 426 c may extend between a bentproximal segment 432 of theelongated shaft 426 and a bentdistal segment 434 of theelongated shaft 426. The intermediate portion 426 c may have a length of about 2 mm between opposite ends “E” and “F” thereof. The intermediate portion 426 c has a linear configuration and defines a third central longitudinal axis “X3” that is non-parallel relative to the first and second central longitudinal axes “X1,” “X2.” In aspects, the central longitudinal axis “X2” of the intermediate portion 426 c may be an obtuse angle (e.g., from about 100 degrees to about 170 degrees), an acute angle (e.g., from 10 degrees to about 80 degrees), or a right angle (e.g., about 90 degrees) relative to the first and second central longitudinal axes “X1,” “X2.” - In aspects, instead of the intermediate portion 426 c being linear, the intermediate portion 426 c may be curved along its length, bent at various points along its length, or assume any suitable configuration that positions the distal end portion 426 b of the
elongated shaft 426 on a different plane from the proximal portion 425. In aspects, the intermediate portion 426 c may be flexible and/or transitionable between an angled position relative to the proximal and distal end portions 426 a, 426 b, and a coaxial configuration therewith. In aspects, the intermediate portion 426 c or various portions of theelongated shaft 426 may be manually transitionable or fabricated from shape memory material that allows theelongated shaft 426 to transition from an otherwise coaxial configuration into the angled configuration as illustrated. - The distal end portion 426 b of the
elongated shaft 426 has a length from about 3.5 mm to about 12 mm and, in some aspects, the distal end portion 426 b may have a length of about 6 mm or about half the diameter of a cornea measured between points “A” and “B.” The distal end portion 426 b has abottom portion 436 configured to be oriented toward a human eye, and anupper portion 438 disposed on an opposite side of the distal end portion 426 b. Thebottom portion 436 defines anopening 430 therein that is disposed at about a midpoint between opposite ends “C,” “D” of the distal end portion 426 b. Theopening 430 may be configured as an arcuate cutout in thebottom portion 436 of the distal end portion 426 b. In aspects, theopening 430 may assume any suitable configuration. Theupper portion 438 of the distal end portion 426 b has aninner surface 440 and an opposedouter surface 442. Theinner surface 440 may form aconcave depression 444 and theouter surface 442 may form aconvex protuberance 446. Theconcave depression 444 and theconvex protuberance 446 overlap theopening 430. Theconcave depression 444 provides for more space into which thesnare 412 may retract, as will be described. - The
snare 412 of the ophthalmicsurgical instrument 400 is movable relative to and within theelongated shaft 426 via an actuation mechanism (not shown), similar to the actuation mechanism described above. Thesnare 412 has a cutting segment, such as, for example, a loopedsegment 428 configured to protrude out of theopening 430 when the loopedsegment 428 is in a dilated configuration. It is contemplated that due to the additional space provided by theconcave depression 444 in the distal end portion 426 b of theelongated shaft 426, the loopedsegment 428 of thesnare 412 may be entirely or substantially received in theelongated shaft 426 when in the contracted configuration. It is contemplated that a distance of about 0.5 mm may be defined between a point “H” of theupper portion 442 and a point “G” of theconvex protuberance 446. As such, the loopedsegment 428 may have about 0.5 mm additional space into which it may retract. - The looped
segment 428 defines a length parallel with the central longitudinal axis “X2” defined by the distal end portion 426 b of theelongated shaft 426. Due to the length of theopening 430 of theelongated shaft 426 being substantially smaller than the length of the loopedsegment 428 in the dilated configuration, a majority of the length of the loopedsegment 428 overlaps with thebottom portion 436 of theelongated shaft 426 when the loopedsegment 428 is in the dilated configuration. In this way, during use of the ophthalmicsurgical instrument 400, thebottom portion 436 of theelongated shaft 426 hangs over a majority of the loopedsegment 428, such that theelongated shaft 426 sits on a lens “L” during lens fragmentation to prevent upward movement of the lens “L” as the loopedsegment 428 is constricted thereabout. - In operation, a small incision “E” in the edge of a cornea is made to provide access to an anterior chamber and an anterior surface “AS” of a cataractous lens “L” of a patient's eye. As is typical, the incision “E” is anterior to an anterior surface “AS” of the lens “L.” A capsulorhexis is made through the anterior surface of a lens capsule of the patient's eye providing surgical access to the cataractous lens “L.”
- With the
snare 412 of the ophthalmicsurgical instrument 400 in the contracted configuration, as shown inFIG. 6 , theelongated shaft 426 is inserted through the corneal incision “E” and the capsulorhexis to position the distal end portion 426 b of theelongated shaft 426 in an overlapping arrangement with the anterior surface “AS” of the lens “L,” and position the loopedsegment 428 of thesnare 412 anterior to a central location of the anterior surface “AS” of the lens “L.” Due to the distal end portion 426 b being angled relative to the proximal portion 425, the distal end portion 426 b is naturally positioned in flush engagement with the anterior surface “AS” of the lens “L” while the proximal portion 425 extends through the incision “E.” - Once the looped
segment 428 is in the appropriate position, the loopedsegment 428 is transitioned from the contracted configuration to the dilated configuration, similar to that shown inFIG. 5B . With the loopedsegment 428 in the deployed configuration, the loopedsegment 428 of thesnare 412 naturally encircles the lens, due to the shape memory material from which the loopedsegment 428 is fabricated, so that the plane defined by the loopedsegment 428 bisects the lens. With the loopedsegment 428 of thesnare 412 disposed about the lens “L,” and theelongated shaft 426 overlaying and contacting the anterior surface “AS” of the lens “L,” the loopedsegment 428 is transitioned from the dilated configuration to the contracted configuration, dividing the lens into two hemispherical sections. - During contraction of the looped
segment 428 about the lens “L,” the loopedsegment 428 may exert a proximally-oriented force on the lens “L.” However, since the distal end portion 426 b of theelongated shaft 426 is in position over the lens “L,” theelongated shaft 426 resists and/or prevents elevation and/or tilting of the lens “L” notwithstanding the proximally/anteriorly-oriented force exerted thereon by theclosing snare 412. If the proximal and distal end portions 426 a, 426 b of theelongated shaft 426 were coaxial instead of being disposed on different planes, the distal end portion 426 b would be set at an upward angle relative to the lens “L,” which would result in an unevenly dispersed force being exerted on the lens “L” during contraction of the loopedsegment 428 about the lens “L.” - With reference to
FIGS. 7-10 , another embodiment of asnare 512 of an ophthalmicsurgical instrument 500 is illustrated, similar to the snares described above. Due to the similarities between thesnare 512 of the present embodiment and the snares described above, only those elements of thesnare 512 deemed necessary to elucidate the differences from snares described above will be described in detail. It is contemplated that thesnare 512 may be incorporated into the ophthalmicsurgical instruments - The ophthalmic
surgical instrument 500 generally includes ahousing 514, anelongated shaft 526 extending distally from thehousing 514, and thesnare 512 for severing lenticular tissue. Theelongated shaft 526 is dimensioned for passage through a corneal incision and has aproximal end portion 526 a and adistal end portion 526 b formed with or otherwise coupled to theproximal end portion 526 a. Theproximal end portion 526 a may be integrally formed with or attached to thehandle housing 514. - The
snare 512 of the ophthalmicsurgical instrument 500 is movable relative to and within theelongated shaft 526 via an actuation mechanism (not shown), similar to the actuation mechanisms described above. Thesnare 512 generally includes awire 530, alight source 532, and afiber optic cable 534. Thewire 530 has afirst end 530 a configured to be coupled to the actuation mechanism, and asecond end 530 b fixed to or otherwise coupled to thehousing 514 or theelongated shaft 526. In aspects, thesecond end 530 b of thewire 530 is fixed to thedistal end portion 526 b of theelongated shaft 526. - The
wire 530 has a loopedsegment 528 configured to protrude out of anopening 536 of thedistal end portion 526 b of theelongated shaft 526 when the loopedsegment 528 is in a dilated configuration. The loopedsegment 528 has acutting segment 538 forming the bottom of the loopedsegment 528. The cuttingsegment 538 may have a different diameter (e.g., smaller) or shape (e.g., sharpened) than the remainder of the loopedsegment 528. In aspects, the cuttingsegment 538 may have the same thickness and shape as the remainder of the loopedsegment 528. - The
wire 530 is fabricated from a pliable, metal material, such as, for example, nickel-titanium or any other suitable superelastic material. In aspects, thewire 530 may be fabricated from any suitable ductile material. Thewire 530 defines a channel or bore 540 centrally therethrough. Thechannel 540 of thewire 530 has a diameter from about 0.025 mm to about 0.178 mm and, in some aspects, about 0.076 mm. Thechannel 540 is configured to accommodate thefiber optic cable 534 therein. In aspects, rather than thewire 530 having thefiber optic cable 534 disposed therein, aninner surface 542 of thewire 530 that defines thechannel 540 may be coated with a material having a high refractive index (e.g., glass, plastic, or a combination thereof) to facilitate passage of light therethrough. - The cutting segment or
bottom 538 of the loopedsegment 528 of thewire 530 has a portion, such as, for example, aport 544 defined therein. Theport 544 is in communication with thechannel 540 to allow light to pass from thechannel 540 and out of thecutting segment 538. Theport 544 is formed at abottom-most apex 546 of the loopedsegment 528, such that theport 544 is disposed in overlapping alignment with theopening 536 in theelongated shaft 526 when the loopedsegment 528 assumes its dilated configuration. In this way, when light is emitted through theport 544, a clinician may be better able to identify the location of thecutting segment 538 of thewire 530. Theport 544 may be filled with a light-permeable material 548, such as, for example, glass, transparent ceramics, clear plastics, etc. The light-permeable material 548 allows light to pass through theport 544 while prohibiting fluids and surgical debris from entering thewire 530. Thechannel 540 of thewire 530 may be closed at thesecond end 530 b thereof or, in some aspects, thewire 530 may have aplug 550 disposed at a location adjacent and proximally of theport 544 to ensure light passes out of theport 544. In aspects, the wire may have a plurality of ports formed therein. - The
light source 532 may be an LED, a compact fluorescent lamp, an incandescent light bulb, or any other suitable source of light. Thelight source 532 is in communication with thechannel 540 of thewire 530. For example, thelight source 532 may be attached to thefirst end 530 a of thewire 530 and is oriented toward thechannel 540. In some aspects, thelight source 532 may be disposed within thechannel 540 at any suitable location along the length of thewire 530. In aspects, thelight source 532 may be disposed within or otherwise adjacent theport 544. Thefiber optic cable 534 extends through thechannel 540 and has aproximal end 534 a attached to thelight source 532 and a distal end 534 b terminating adjacent theport 544. Thefiber optic cable 534 is configured to pass light from thelight source 532 and to theport 544 of thecutting segment 538. - In operation, a small incision in the edge of a cornea “C” (
FIG. 11 ) is made to provide access to an anterior chamber and an anterior surface “AS” of a cataractous lens “L” of a patient's eye. As is typical, the incision is anterior to the anterior surface “AS” of the lens “L.” A capsulorhexis is made through the anterior surface “AS” of the lens capsule of the patient's eye providing surgical access to the cataractous lens “L.” As shown inFIG. 11 , a portion of the anterior surface “AS” of the lens “L” may be removed to form a cavity “CA.” The cavity “CA” renders the lens “L” more permeable to light, thereby giving a clinician a better view behind the eye. - The
elongated shaft 526 is inserted through the corneal incision and the capsulorhexis to position thedistal end portion 526 b of theelongated shaft 526 in an overlapping arrangement with the anterior surface “AS” of the lens “L,” and position the loopedsegment 528 of thewire 530 anterior to a central location of the anterior surface “AS” of the lens “L.” Thelight source 532 may be activated either prior, during, or after positioning the loopedsegment 528 adjacent the anterior surface “AS” of the lens “L.” The light emitted from thelight source 532 is passed through the length of thewire 530 via thefiber optic cable 534 and out of the bottom 538 of the loopedsegment 528 via theport 544. - The looped
segment 528 of thewire 530 is transitioned from the contracted configuration to the dilated configuration and guided around the lens “L” to position the cutting segment/bottom 538 of the loopedsegment 528 adjacent a posterior surface “PS” of the lens “L.” The clinician is able to use the light emitted from theport 544 to appropriately position the cuttingsegment 538 relative to the lens “L.” With the loopedsegment 528 in the selected position, which is verified using the light transmitted out of the bottom 538 of the loopedsegment 528, the loopedsegment 528 is transitioned from the dilated configuration to the contracted configuration, thereby severing the lens “L.” - With reference to
FIGS. 12-15B , another embodiment of an ophthalmicsurgical instrument 600 is illustrated, similar to the ophthalmic surgical instruments described above. Due to the similarities between the ophthalmicsurgical instrument 600 of the present embodiment and the ophthalmic surgical instruments described above, only those elements of the ophthalmicsurgical instrument 600 deemed necessary to elucidate the differences from ophthalmic surgical instruments described above will be described in detail. - The ophthalmic
surgical instrument 600 generally includes ahousing 610 and asnare 612 operably coupled to thehousing 610 and configured for severing lenticular tissue. Thehousing 610 of the ophthalmicsurgical instrument 600 has ahandle body 614 and a cannulated body, such as, for example, a hollow,elongated shaft 626 extending distally from thehandle body 614. Theelongated shaft 626 is dimensioned for passage through a corneal incision and has aproximal end portion 626 a integrally formed with or attached to thehandle body 614, and adistal end portion 626 b having a closeddistal tip 627. Thedistal end portion 626 b may be bent or curved relative to the remainder of theelongated shaft 626 to more suitably position thedistal end portion 626 within a corneal incision. - The
elongated shaft 626 has anupper surface 632 a and an opposingbottom surface 632 b configured to be oriented toward and positioned in contact with an eye. Thebottom surface 632 b of theelongated shaft 626 defines a first opening, such as, for example, aproximal opening 630, and a second opening, such as, for example, adistal opening 634 therein. The proximal anddistal openings FIG. 14 ) of theelongated shaft 626 and are spaced longitudinally from one another along a longitudinal axis defined by theelongated shaft 626. The proximal anddistal openings distal tip 627 and are formed in thedistal end portion 626 b of theelongated shaft 626. The proximal anddistal openings distal openings distal opening 634 may be shorter or longer than theproximal opening 630. - Due to the proximal and
distal openings bottom surface 632 b of theelongated shaft 626 has a surface, such as, for example, a cuttingsurface 638, disposed between and interconnecting the proximal anddistal openings surface 638 may be arcuate, flat, or assume any suitable shape. - The snare or
wire 612 of the ophthalmicsurgical instrument 600 includes afirst end portion 612 a and asecond end portion 612 b. Thesecond end portion 612 b of thewire 612 is movable relative to and within theelongated shaft 626 via an actuation mechanism (not shown), similar to the actuation mechanisms described above, while thefirst end portion 612 a of thewire 612 is fixed relative to thehousing 610. Thefirst end portion 612 a of the wire 362 may be fixed to an inner surface of theelongated shaft 626 adjacent theproximal opening 630 by crimping, welding, adhesives, mechanical interlocks, or any other suitable structure or method. In other aspects, thesecond end portion 612 b of thewire 612 may be fixed whereas thefirst end portion 612 a of thewire 612 may be axially movable. In other embodiments, both the first andsecond end portions - The
wire 612 has a cutting segment, such as, for example, a loopedsegment 628 protruding through and out of the proximal anddistal openings elongated shaft 626. The loopedsegment 628 of thewire 612 is transitionable, via axial movement of thesecond end portion 612 b of thewire 612, between a dilated configuration, as shown inFIG. 15A , and an insertion or contracted configuration, as shown inFIG. 15B . For example, a proximal retraction of a lever (not shown) of thehousing 610 moves thesecond end portion 612 b of thesnare 612 proximally and into theinterior 636 of theelongated shaft 626 via thedistal opening 634, thereby reducing the diameter of the loopedsegment 628. In contrast, a distal advancement of the lever moves thesecond end portion 612 b of thewire 612 distally and out through thedistal opening 634 of theelongated shaft 626, thereby increasing the diameter of the loopedsegment 628 of thewire 612. - The looped
segment 628 has a predefined shape dimensioned to closely encircle a lens when the loopedsegment 628 is in the dilated configuration. The loopedsegment 628 defines a length parallel with the longitudinal axis of theelongated shaft 626. A majority of the length of the loopedsegment 628 is in side-by-side, parallel relation with thebottom surface 632 b of theelongated shaft 626. Further, a majority of the looped segment 628 (i.e., at least half) is disposed proximally of thedistal tip 627 of theelongated shaft 626. In this way, during use of the ophthalmicsurgical instrument 600, thebottom surface 632 b of theelongated shaft 626 hangs over a majority of the loopedsegment 628, such that theelongated shaft 626 sits on a lens during lens fragmentation to prevent upward movement of the lens as the loopedsegment 628 is constricted thereabout. - In operation, a small incision in the edge of a cornea is made to provide access to an anterior chamber and an anterior surface of a cataractous lens of a patient's eye. A capsulorhexis is made through the anterior surface of a lens capsule of the patient's eye providing surgical access to the cataractous lens. With the
snare 612 of the ophthalmicsurgical instrument 600 in the contracted configuration, as shown inFIG. 15B , theelongated shaft 626 is inserted through the corneal incision and the capsulorhexis to position thedistal end portion 626 b of theelongated shaft 626 in an overlapping arrangement with the anterior surface of the lens, and the loopedsegment 628 of thewire 612 is positioned adjacent the anterior surface of the lens. - Once the looped
segment 628 is in the appropriate position, thesecond end portion 612 b of thesnare 612 is advanced distally and out from within theinterior 636 of theelongated shaft 626 through thedistal opening 634, thereby transitioning the loopedsegment 628 from the contracted configuration to the dilated configuration, as shown inFIG. 15A . With the loopedsegment 628 in the dilated configuration, thesnare 612 may be rotated about its longitudinal axis (e.g., via rotation of the entire ophthalmicsurgical instrument 600 or via a rotation mechanism (not shown)) to rotate the loopedsegment 628 circumferentially about the lens to encircle the lens and position the loopedsegment 628 relative to the lens so that the plane defined by the loopedsegment 628 bisects the lens. Upon rotating or otherwise positioning thesnare 612 in the selected position, the lens is disposed between the loopedsegment 628 and the cuttingsurface 638 of thebottom surface 632 b of theelongated shaft 626. - With the looped
segment 628 of thesnare 612 disposed about the lens, and theelongated shaft 626 overlaying and in contact with the anterior surface of the lens, the loopedsegment 628 is transitioned from the dilated configuration toward the contracted configuration. As the loopedsegment 628 moves toward the contracted configuration, a cutting section 640 (FIGS. 15A and 15B ) of the loopedsegment 628 cooperates with the cuttingsurface 638 of theelongated shaft 626 to apply a cutting force on the lens, thereby dividing the lens into two hemispherical sections. Nearing the end of the transition of the loopedsegment 628 toward the contracted configuration, a distal edge 642 (FIGS. 15A and 15B ) of the cuttingsurface 638 may act as a fulcrum allowing the loopedsegment 628 to be pulled closer to thebottom surface 632 b of theelongated shaft 626, causing thecutting section 640 of the loopedsegment 628 to become taught and straight against the cuttingsurface 638. As such, the cuttingsurface 638 acts in a similar manner as a cutting block or board where thecutting section 640 of the loopedsegment 628 acts as the knife. - With reference to
FIGS. 16 and 17 , another embodiment of a snare, such as, for example, awire 712 is illustrated, similar to thesnare 612 described above. It is contemplated that thesnare 712 may be incorporated into theelongated shaft 626 described above. Thesnare 712 has a loopedsegment 728 having a curvature along a majority of its length that matches a curvature of a lens of a human eye. Thesnare 712 differs from thesnare 612 in that the loopedsegment 728 of thesnare 712 has a linear, cuttingsection 740 disposed adjacent theproximal opening 630 in theelongated shaft 626. - Upon transitioning the looped
segment 728 to the contracted configuration, as shown inFIG. 17 , the linear, cuttingsection 740 of the loopedsegment 728 extends between the proximal anddistal openings surface 638 of theelongated shaft 628. Due to thecutting section 740 being linear, more of thecutting section 740 contacts the lens as the loopedsegment 728 moves toward the contracted configuration. - With reference to
FIG. 20 , another embodiment of an ophthalmicsurgical instrument 600′ is illustrated, similar to the ophthalmicsurgical instrument 600 described above. The ophthalmicsurgical instrument 600′ generally includes anelongated shaft 626′ and the wire or snare 812 ofFIG. 19 operably coupled to theelongated shaft 626′. Theelongated shaft 626′ has abottom surface 632′ defining aproximal opening 630′, adistal opening 634′, and anintermediate opening 638′ disposed between and spaced from the proximal anddistal openings 630′, 634′. As such, thebottom surface 632′ has afirst section 632 a′ extending between and interconnecting theproximal opening 630′ and theintermediate opening 638′, and asecond section 632 b′ extending between and interconnecting theintermediate opening 638′ and thedistal opening 634′. The first andsecond sections 632 a′, 632 b′ function as support surfaces for the eye during a transition of the loopedsegment 828 of thesnare 812 from the dilated configuration to the contracted configuration, as will be described below. - In operation, the
elongated shaft 626′ is positioned on an anterior surface of a lens of an eye, such that at least the first andsecond sections 632 a′, 632 b′ of thebottom surface 632′ of theelongated shaft 626′ is in contact with the anterior surface. The loopedsegment 828 of thesnare 812 is transitioned toward the contracted configuration, as shown inFIG. 20 , to sever the lens of the eye in a similar manner described above. Due to the presence of theintermediate opening 638′ in theelongated shaft 626′, thecutting section 840 of the loopedsegment 828 is permitted to cut entirely through the lens as it passes into theintermediate opening 638′ in thebottom surface 632′. While the loopedsegment 828 cuts through the lens, the first andsecond sections 632 a′, 632 b′ of thebottom surface 632′ exert a reactionary force (in a posterior direction) on the lens to prevent the lens from being lifted, thereby further facilitating cutting of the lens. - With reference to
FIG. 21 , another embodiment of anelongated shaft 926 of an ophthalmic surgical instrument is illustrated, similar to theelongated shaft 626 ofFIGS. 13 and 14 . Theelongated shaft 926 defines aproximal opening 930 in a bottom surface 932 thereof, and adistal opening 934. The loopedsegment 628 of thesnare 612 extends through each of the proximal anddistal openings surface 940 extending between the proximal anddistal openings elongated shaft 926 and theelongated shaft 626 ofFIGS. 13 and 14 is that thedistal opening 934 is defined in a distally-facingsurface 936 of adistal tip 927 of theelongated shaft 926. - With reference to
FIG. 22 , another embodiment of anelongated shaft 1026 of an ophthalmic surgical instrument is illustrated, similar to theelongated shaft 626 ofFIGS. 13 and 14 . Theelongated shaft 1026 defines aproximal opening 1030 in abottom surface 1032 thereof, and adistal opening 1034. The loopedsegment 628 of thesnare 612 extends through each of the proximal anddistal openings bottom surface 1032 has acutting surface 1040 extending between the proximal anddistal openings elongated shaft 1026 and theelongated shaft 626 ofFIGS. 13 and 14 is that thedistal opening 1034 has a scooped configuration and extends along a length of an openeddistal tip 1027 of theelongated shaft 1026. - It will be understood that various modifications may be made to the embodiments disclosed herein. Therefore, the above description should not be construed as limiting, but merely as exemplifications of various embodiments. Those skilled in the art will envision other modifications within the scope and spirit of the claims appended thereto.
Claims (20)
1. An ophthalmic surgical instrument for severing a lens of an eye, comprising:
an elongated shaft including a distal end portion having a bottom surface defining a first opening and a second opening, the first and second openings being spaced from and substantially aligned with one another along a longitudinal axis defined by the bottom surface of the elongated shaft; and
a wire extending along the elongated shaft and including a cutting segment extending through the first and second openings, wherein the cutting segment is configured to move between a contracted configuration, and a dilated configuration, in which the cutting segment assumes a diameter approximating a diameter and shape of a lens of an eye, the cutting segment being configured to sever the lens upon moving toward the contracted configuration.
2. The ophthalmic surgical instrument according to claim 1 , wherein the bottom surface extends longitudinally between the first and second openings, the cutting segment and the bottom surface configured to cooperate to apply a cutting force on the lens of the eye upon the cutting segment moving toward the contracted configuration.
3. The ophthalmic surgical instrument according to claim 2 , wherein the cutting segment has a section configured to engage the bottom surface when the cutting segment is in the contracted configuration.
4. The ophthalmic surgical instrument according to claim 3 , wherein the cutting segment has a curvature along a majority of a length thereof.
5. The ophthalmic surgical instrument according to claim 4 , wherein the section of the cutting segment is linear.
6. The ophthalmic surgical instrument according to claim 4 , wherein the section of the cutting segment protrudes inwardly toward the bottom surface of the elongated shaft when the cutting segment is in the contracted configuration.
7. The ophthalmic surgical instrument according to claim 1 , wherein the elongated shaft has a distal tip, the first opening spaced proximally of the distal tip.
8. The ophthalmic surgical instrument according to claim 7 , wherein the second opening is spaced proximally of the distal tip and distally of the first opening.
9. (canceled)
10. The ophthalmic surgical instrument according to claim 1 , wherein the elongated shaft has a closed distal tip.
11. (canceled)
12. The ophthalmic surgical instrument according to claim 1 , wherein the wire has:
a first end portion fixed relative to the elongated shaft; and
a second end portion configured to translate relative to the elongated shaft to transition the cutting segment between the dilated and contracted configurations.
13. The ophthalmic surgical instrument according to claim 12 , wherein the first opening is a proximal opening and the second opening is a distal opening, the first end portion of the wire extending through the proximal opening and the second end portion of the wire extending through the distal opening.
14. An ophthalmic surgical instrument for severing a lens of an eye, comprising:
a housing including:
a handle body; and
a hollow, elongated shaft extending distally of the handle body and having a bottom surface configured to be oriented toward a human eye, the bottom surface defining a proximal opening, and a distal opening spaced distally from the proximal opening, wherein the proximal opening defines an axis therethrough and the distal opening defines an axis therethrough that is parallel with the axis of the proximal opening, the axes of the proximal and distal openings being perpendicular to a longitudinal axis defined by the elongated shaft; and
a snare operably coupled to the housing and including a looped segment configured to move through the proximal and distal openings between a contracted configuration and a dilated configuration, in which the looped segment assumes a diameter approximating a diameter and shape of a lens of the human eye, wherein the looped segment is configured to sever the lens upon moving toward the contracted configuration.
15. The ophthalmic surgical instrument according to claim 14 , wherein the bottom surface of the elongated shaft has a cutting surface extending longitudinally between the proximal and distal openings, the looped segment and the cutting surface configured to cooperate to apply a cutting force on the lens of the human eye as the looped segment moves toward the contracted configuration.
16. The ophthalmic surgical instrument according to claim 15 , wherein the looped segment has a cutting section configured to engage the cutting surface when the looped segment is in the contracted configuration.
17. The ophthalmic surgical instrument according to claim 16 , wherein the cutting section of the looped segment is linear.
18. The ophthalmic surgical instrument according to claim 16 , wherein the cutting section of the looped segment protrudes inwardly toward the cutting surface of the elongated shaft when the looped segment is in the contracted configuration.
19. (canceled)
20. The ophthalmic surgical instrument according to claim 14 , wherein a majority of the looped segment is disposed proximally of a distal end of the elongated shaft.
Priority Applications (6)
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US16/700,330 US11007079B1 (en) | 2019-12-02 | 2019-12-02 | Ophthalmic surgical instruments and snares thereof |
CA3143470A CA3143470A1 (en) | 2019-06-24 | 2020-06-02 | Ophthalmic surgical instruments and snares thereof |
AU2020306747A AU2020306747A1 (en) | 2019-06-24 | 2020-06-02 | Ophthalmic surgical instruments and snares thereof |
JP2021576548A JP2022539029A (en) | 2019-06-24 | 2020-06-02 | ophthalmic surgical instruments and their snares |
PCT/US2020/035656 WO2020263509A1 (en) | 2019-06-24 | 2020-06-02 | Ophthalmic surgical instruments and snares thereof |
EP20831393.2A EP3986285A4 (en) | 2019-06-24 | 2020-06-02 | Ophthalmic surgical instruments and snares thereof |
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