US20210143547A1 - Ultra-wideband antenna - Google Patents
Ultra-wideband antenna Download PDFInfo
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- US20210143547A1 US20210143547A1 US17/098,125 US202017098125A US2021143547A1 US 20210143547 A1 US20210143547 A1 US 20210143547A1 US 202017098125 A US202017098125 A US 202017098125A US 2021143547 A1 US2021143547 A1 US 2021143547A1
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- antenna
- coaxial cable
- conductive tube
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- tube
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- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920005830 Polyurethane Foam Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011496 polyurethane foam Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001413 cellular effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003245 working effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
- H01Q13/08—Radiating ends of two-conductor microwave transmission lines, e.g. of coaxial lines, of microstrip lines
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/04—Adaptation for subterranean or subaqueous use
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
- H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
- H01Q1/2208—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles associated with components used in interrogation type services, i.e. in systems for information exchange between an interrogator/reader and a tag/transponder, e.g. in Radio Frequency Identification [RFID] systems
- H01Q1/2233—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles associated with components used in interrogation type services, i.e. in systems for information exchange between an interrogator/reader and a tag/transponder, e.g. in Radio Frequency Identification [RFID] systems used in consumption-meter devices, e.g. electricity, gas or water meters
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/42—Housings not intimately mechanically associated with radiating elements, e.g. radome
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
- H01Q5/10—Resonant antennas
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
- H01Q5/20—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements characterised by the operating wavebands
- H01Q5/25—Ultra-wideband [UWB] systems, e.g. multiple resonance systems; Pulse systems
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
- H01Q5/40—Imbricated or interleaved structures; Combined or electromagnetically coupled arrangements, e.g. comprising two or more non-connected fed radiating elements
- H01Q5/45—Imbricated or interleaved structures; Combined or electromagnetically coupled arrangements, e.g. comprising two or more non-connected fed radiating elements using two or more feeds in association with a common reflecting, diffracting or refracting device
- H01Q5/47—Imbricated or interleaved structures; Combined or electromagnetically coupled arrangements, e.g. comprising two or more non-connected fed radiating elements using two or more feeds in association with a common reflecting, diffracting or refracting device with a coaxial arrangement of the feeds
Definitions
- an antenna according to the present disclosure is configured to be recessed into an underground enclosure, such as a water meter pit.
- a mushroom-shaped housing partially extends above the cover of the pit.
- the antenna can be mounted above ground.
- the ultra-wideband antenna is formed from a coaxial cable passed through the center of a conductive tube.
- the center conductor of the coaxial cable is connected to an end of the conductive tube, and the shield of the coaxial cable is not electrically connected to any conductor.
- Two ferrite beads are disposed serially on the cable beneath the tube, spaced apart from the tube and spaced apart from one another. A centering spacer maintains the coaxial cable within the center of the tube.
- FIG. 1 depicts an antenna according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 2 depicts an antenna for use in underground pits.
- FIG. 3 is a partially cut-away view of a partial antenna assembly according to the embodiment of the present disclosure discussed above with respect to FIG. 1 .
- FIG. 4 is a partially cut-away view of a partial antenna assembly according to the embodiment of the present disclosure discussed above with respect to FIG. 1 .
- FIG. 5 is a partially cut-away view of the antenna of FIG. 2 .
- FIG. 6 is a partially cut-away view of a partial antenna assembly according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 7 is a partially cut-away view of an antenna according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 8 is a representation of the distal end of the coaxial cable of an antenna.
- FIG. 1 depicts an antenna 100 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- the antenna 100 comprises a coaxial cable 105 extending through a tube 101 .
- the tube 101 is a thin, conductive, cylindrical tube, formed from brass in the illustrated embodiment. (The tube 101 as illustrated is partially cut-away to show the coaxial cable 105 within the tube 101 .)
- the tube 101 has an outside diameter of 0.75 inches and is 42.6 millimeters long.
- the wall of the tube is between 0.38 mm and 0.420 mm thick in one embodiment.
- the tube 101 has a distal end 107 and a proximal end 108 .
- a center wire 102 of the coaxial cable 105 is electrically connected to the tube 101 .
- a shield 103 of the coaxial cable 105 terminates below distal end 107 of the tube 101 in the illustrated embodiment and is not electrically connected to any conductor at the distal end of the cable 105 .
- the coaxial shield 103 terminates 1 ⁇ 4 inches below distal end 107 of the tube 101 .
- the coaxial shield 103 terminates between 6.1 mm and 6.6 mm from the distal end 107 of the tube 101 .
- a dielectric insulator (not shown) of the coaxial cable extends above the shield 103 of the coaxial cable 105 and terminates before the center wire 102 is connected to the tube 101 .
- the coaxial cable 105 is substantially centered within the tube 101 .
- a centering spacer 110 keeps the coaxial cable 105 centered within the tube 101 for substantially the length of the tube 101 .
- the center wire 102 is bent and electrically connected to the tube 101 .
- the centering spacer 110 is formed from an insulating material. In one embodiment, the centering spacer 110 is formed from polyurethane foam.
- a first ferrite bead 104 and a second ferrite bead 106 are disposed on the cable 105 beneath the proximal end 108 of the tube 101 .
- the ferrite beads 104 and 106 extend around the shield 103 of the cable 105 .
- the first ferrite bead 104 is spaced from the proximal end 108 of the tube 101 a distance of between 84.8 mm and 87.6 mm.
- the second ferrite bead 106 is spaced from the first ferrite bead 104 a distance of between 59 mm and 61 mm.
- the spacing of the first and second ferrite beads 104 and 106 is designed to affect the resonant point of the antenna 100 .
- a connector 111 at the end of the cable 105 connects the antenna 100 into a system (not shown).
- FIG. 2 depicts an antenna 200 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- the antenna 200 comprises a mushroom-shaped housing 201 configured to be used in underground pits, such as a water meter pit.
- the housing 201 is formed from a nylon composite material in the illustrated embodiment.
- the housing 201 comprises a rounded top portion 208 unitarily formed with a threaded portion 202 .
- the threaded portion 202 is substantially cylindrical with continuous threads along an outer surface for receiving a threaded nut 203 .
- the rounded top portion 208 is circular when viewed from the top and extends outwardly from the threaded portion 202 .
- the threaded portion 202 may be fit within an opening (not shown) on a cover (not shown) of a water meter (not shown), for example, and the rounded top portion 208 is larger than the opening and the threaded portion and thus remains above the top of the cover and above ground when installed.
- the threaded nut 203 secures the antenna 200 to the cover.
- the antenna 200 can operate when installed in either metal or composite covers.
- a coaxial cable 205 extends downwardly from a bottom of the housing 201 as shown.
- a first ferrite bead 204 and a second ferrite bead 206 are disposed on the cable 205 beneath the housing 201 .
- the ferrite beads 204 and 206 are substantially the same as the ferrite beads 104 and 106 discussed above with respect to FIG. 1 .
- the housing 201 houses the tube 101 discussed above, and the coaxial cable 205 is substantially the same as the coaxial cable 105 discussed above.
- a waterproof connector 207 is disposed on the cable 205 beneath the second ferrite bead 206 . Additional cable length 209 extends on the other side of the connector 207 .
- FIG. 3 is a partially cut-away view of a partial antenna assembly 300 according to the embodiment of the present disclosure discussed above with respect to FIG. 1 .
- the centering spacer 110 has been installed on the coaxial cable 105 .
- a threaded flange 313 is disposed on the cable 105 between the distal end of the cable 105 and the first ferrite bead 104 .
- the threaded flange 313 comprises an opening (not shown) that receives the cable 105 .
- the threaded flange 313 is not rigidly affixed to the cable but can move upward and downward with respect to the cable 105 .
- the threaded flange 313 has exterior threads that mate with threads (not shown) interior to the housing 201 ( FIG. 2 ). As discussed further with respect to FIG. 5 below, the threaded flange 313 thus threadably mates with the bottom end of the housing 201 .
- a stopper 311 is rigidly affixed to the cable 105 between the distal end of cable 105 and the threaded flange 313 .
- the stopper 311 prevents the threaded flange 313 from moving on the cable 105 when the threaded flange is threaded into the housing 201 ( FIG. 2 ).
- the threaded flange 313 is spaced apart from the stopper 311 in FIG. 3 , the threaded flange 313 rests against the stopper 311 when the threaded flange is screwed into the housing 201 .
- a flexible seal 312 is compressed between the threaded flange 313 and the stopper and forms a water-resistant seal.
- the seal 312 is an O-ring.
- FIG. 4 is a partially cut-away view of a partial antenna assembly 400 according to the embodiment of the present disclosure discussed above with respect to FIG. 1 .
- the conductive tube 101 has been added to the partial assembly 300 ( FIG. 3 ).
- the center wire 102 of the cable 105 has been bent over the tube 101 and electrically connected to the tube 101 .
- the centering spacer 110 fits within the tube 101 and serves to keep the cable 105 centered within the tube 101 for most of the length of the tube 101 . In this regard, for generally at least 75% of the length of the tube, the cable 105 is centered within the tube before it is bent over to the tube wall.
- the centering spacer also serves to keep the tube 101 , which is very thin-walled, mechanically stable.
- the centering spacer 110 has an opening to receive the cable 105 .
- the outside diameter of the centering spacer 110 is slightly smaller than the inside diameter of the tube 101 .
- FIG. 5 is a partially cut-away view of the antenna 200 of FIG. 2 .
- the tube 101 extends above into the rounded top portion 208 a distance “d” as shown. This is important because the rounded top portion 208 is generally above ground when the antenna is in use, and the tube 101 generally needs to extend above ground in order for the antenna to transmit properly.
- the distance “d” is between 0.40 and 0.49 inches.
- the threaded flange 313 is engaged within the housing 202 .
- external threads on the threaded flange 313 mate with internal threads (not shown) within the threaded portion 202 of the housing 201 .
- FIG. 6 is a partially cut-away view of a partial antenna assembly 600 according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.
- This embodiment may be used above the ground.
- the inner workings of the antenna are substantially identical to the antennas discussed herein, but the housing is configured differently.
- the centering spacer 110 has been installed on the coaxial cable 105 .
- a threaded flange 613 is disposed on the cable 105 between the distal end of the cable 105 and the first ferrite bead 104 .
- the threaded flange 613 comprises an opening (not shown) that receives the cable 105 .
- the threaded flange 613 is not rigidly affixed to the cable but can move upward and downward with respect to the cable 105 .
- the threaded flange 613 has exterior threads that mate with threads (not shown) interior to the housing, as further discussed below with respect to FIG. 7 .
- a stopper 611 is rigidly affixed to the cable 105 between the distal end of cable 105 and the threaded flange 613 .
- the stopper 611 prevents the threaded flange 613 from moving on the cable 105 when the threaded flange is threaded into the housing 701 ( FIG. 7 ).
- the threaded flange 613 is spaced apart from the stopper 611 in FIG. 6 , the threaded flange 613 rests against the stopper 611 when the threaded flange is screwed into the housing 701 .
- a flexible seal 612 is compressed between the threaded flange 613 and the stopper 611 and forms a water-resistant seal.
- the seal 612 is an O-ring.
- a tear-shaped flexible seal 620 is used to maintain a spacing of the cable 105 within the threaded portion of the threaded flange 613 .
- FIG. 7 is a partially cut-away view of an antenna 700 that may be used above the around.
- a partial assembly of the antenna 700 was discussed above with respect to FIG. 6 .
- the threaded flange 613 is engaged within the housing 701 .
- external threads on the threaded flange 613 mate with internal threads (not shown) within the housing 201 .
- the threaded flange 613 mates with mounting hardware (not specifically shown) when attaching the antenna—for example, the antenna 700 shown in FIG. 7 —to a metal or composite cabinet or an ‘L’-shaped metal bracket used for remote pole mounting.
- FIG. 8 is a representation of the coaxial cable 105 of an antenna 100 as discussed herein with respect to FIG. 1 .
- the antenna is a half wave end fed configuration at the lowest operating frequency and at all harmonics, such as would commonly referred to as a “non-resonant end fed antenna.”
- the name derives from the fact that the feed line is actually part of the radiating element of the antenna after exiting the ferrite bead 104 ( FIG. 1 ).
- the coaxial cable 105 is represented in rough cross section by three lines in FIG. 8 : line 801 is the center conductor and lines 802 A and 802 B are the shield.
- coaxial cables are typically considered as having two conductors, at radio frequencies coax actually has three conductive surfaces: the center conductor 801 ; the inside surface 803 of the shield (braid) 802 A; and the outside surface 804 of the shield 802 A.
- the center conductor 801 of the coaxial cable and the inside surface 803 of the shield comprises the feed line and carries the signal in the direction indicated by directional arrow 810 along its length to the load (common mode currents).
- the RF signal reaches the end of the coax, the currents on the center conductor 801 and the inside surface 803 of the shield cancel each other and substantially no radiation is generated.
- the application of the conductive tube 101 FIG.
- the RF current In order for a half wave end fed configuration to perform properly at the lowest operating frequency and at all harmonics, the RF current must not travel back to the transceiver (not shown). Therefore the radiating shield current must be prevented from continuing down the feed line, while allowing the internal feed currents to continue unaffected.
- the antenna broadband tuning is accomplished automatically by the addition of the tube 101 ( FIG. 1 ) placed over and around the end of the radiating element with the center coax conductor 102 attached to the distal end 107 of the tube as described and shown herein.
- the antenna does not require a ground plane or the necessity for retuning, unlike many other antennas, and is vertically polarized.
- the antenna resonance is automatically changed due to the reaction of the inductive and capacitive reactance maintained between the two over a broad bandwidth.
- this tuning network offsets this reactive shift, thereby stabilizing voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR).
- VSWR voltage standing wave ratio
- the antenna has a wide bandwidth an is suitable for cellular, IOT, Wi-Fi, and Bluetooth applications deployed in various environments.
Abstract
An ultra-wideband antenna is formed from a coaxial cable passed through the center of a conductive tube. The center conductor of the coaxial cable is connected to an end of the conductive tube, and the shield of the coaxial cable is not electrically connected to any conductor. Two ferrite beads are disposed serially on the cable beneath the tube, spaced apart from the tube and spaced apart from one another. A centering spacer maintains the coaxial cable within the center of the tube.
Description
- REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
- This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/934,801 titled “1P Antenna,” which is in incorporated herein by reference.
- In one embodiment, an antenna according to the present disclosure is configured to be recessed into an underground enclosure, such as a water meter pit. A mushroom-shaped housing partially extends above the cover of the pit. In another embodiment, the antenna can be mounted above ground. The ultra-wideband antenna is formed from a coaxial cable passed through the center of a conductive tube. The center conductor of the coaxial cable is connected to an end of the conductive tube, and the shield of the coaxial cable is not electrically connected to any conductor. Two ferrite beads are disposed serially on the cable beneath the tube, spaced apart from the tube and spaced apart from one another. A centering spacer maintains the coaxial cable within the center of the tube.
- The disclosure can be better understood with reference to the following drawings. The elements of the drawings are not necessarily to scale, emphasis instead being placed upon clearly illustrating the principles of the disclosure. Furthermore, like reference numerals designate corresponding parts throughout the several views.
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FIG. 1 depicts an antenna according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. -
FIG. 2 depicts an antenna for use in underground pits. -
FIG. 3 is a partially cut-away view of a partial antenna assembly according to the embodiment of the present disclosure discussed above with respect toFIG. 1 . -
FIG. 4 is a partially cut-away view of a partial antenna assembly according to the embodiment of the present disclosure discussed above with respect toFIG. 1 . -
FIG. 5 is a partially cut-away view of the antenna ofFIG. 2 . -
FIG. 6 is a partially cut-away view of a partial antenna assembly according to another embodiment of the present disclosure. -
FIG. 7 is a partially cut-away view of an antenna according to another embodiment of the present disclosure. -
FIG. 8 is a representation of the distal end of the coaxial cable of an antenna. -
FIG. 1 depicts anantenna 100 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Theantenna 100 comprises acoaxial cable 105 extending through atube 101. Thetube 101 is a thin, conductive, cylindrical tube, formed from brass in the illustrated embodiment. (Thetube 101 as illustrated is partially cut-away to show thecoaxial cable 105 within thetube 101.) In one embodiment, thetube 101 has an outside diameter of 0.75 inches and is 42.6 millimeters long. The wall of the tube is between 0.38 mm and 0.420 mm thick in one embodiment. - The
tube 101 has adistal end 107 and aproximal end 108. Acenter wire 102 of thecoaxial cable 105 is electrically connected to thetube 101. Ashield 103 of thecoaxial cable 105 terminates belowdistal end 107 of thetube 101 in the illustrated embodiment and is not electrically connected to any conductor at the distal end of thecable 105. In one embodiment, thecoaxial shield 103 terminates ¼ inches belowdistal end 107 of thetube 101. In one embodiment, thecoaxial shield 103 terminates between 6.1 mm and 6.6 mm from thedistal end 107 of thetube 101. In one embodiment, a dielectric insulator (not shown) of the coaxial cable extends above theshield 103 of thecoaxial cable 105 and terminates before thecenter wire 102 is connected to thetube 101. - The
coaxial cable 105 is substantially centered within thetube 101. Acentering spacer 110 keeps thecoaxial cable 105 centered within thetube 101 for substantially the length of thetube 101. At thedistal end 107 of the tube, thecenter wire 102 is bent and electrically connected to thetube 101. The centeringspacer 110 is formed from an insulating material. In one embodiment, the centeringspacer 110 is formed from polyurethane foam. - A
first ferrite bead 104 and asecond ferrite bead 106 are disposed on thecable 105 beneath theproximal end 108 of thetube 101. Theferrite beads shield 103 of thecable 105. In one embodiment, thefirst ferrite bead 104 is spaced from theproximal end 108 of the tube 101 a distance of between 84.8 mm and 87.6 mm. In one embodiment, thesecond ferrite bead 106 is spaced from the first ferrite bead 104 a distance of between 59 mm and 61 mm. The spacing of the first andsecond ferrite beads antenna 100. Aconnector 111 at the end of thecable 105 connects theantenna 100 into a system (not shown). -
FIG. 2 depicts anantenna 200 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Theantenna 200 comprises a mushroom-shaped housing 201 configured to be used in underground pits, such as a water meter pit. Thehousing 201 is formed from a nylon composite material in the illustrated embodiment. Thehousing 201 comprises arounded top portion 208 unitarily formed with a threadedportion 202. The threadedportion 202 is substantially cylindrical with continuous threads along an outer surface for receiving a threadednut 203. The roundedtop portion 208 is circular when viewed from the top and extends outwardly from the threadedportion 202. The threadedportion 202 may be fit within an opening (not shown) on a cover (not shown) of a water meter (not shown), for example, and therounded top portion 208 is larger than the opening and the threaded portion and thus remains above the top of the cover and above ground when installed. The threadednut 203 secures theantenna 200 to the cover. Theantenna 200 can operate when installed in either metal or composite covers. - A
coaxial cable 205 extends downwardly from a bottom of thehousing 201 as shown. Afirst ferrite bead 204 and asecond ferrite bead 206 are disposed on thecable 205 beneath thehousing 201. Theferrite beads ferrite beads FIG. 1 . Thehousing 201 houses thetube 101 discussed above, and thecoaxial cable 205 is substantially the same as thecoaxial cable 105 discussed above. - A
waterproof connector 207 is disposed on thecable 205 beneath thesecond ferrite bead 206.Additional cable length 209 extends on the other side of theconnector 207. -
FIG. 3 is a partially cut-away view of apartial antenna assembly 300 according to the embodiment of the present disclosure discussed above with respect toFIG. 1 . In thispartial assembly 300, thecentering spacer 110 has been installed on thecoaxial cable 105. A threadedflange 313 is disposed on thecable 105 between the distal end of thecable 105 and thefirst ferrite bead 104. The threadedflange 313 comprises an opening (not shown) that receives thecable 105. The threadedflange 313 is not rigidly affixed to the cable but can move upward and downward with respect to thecable 105. The threadedflange 313 has exterior threads that mate with threads (not shown) interior to the housing 201 (FIG. 2 ). As discussed further with respect toFIG. 5 below, the threadedflange 313 thus threadably mates with the bottom end of thehousing 201. - A
stopper 311 is rigidly affixed to thecable 105 between the distal end ofcable 105 and the threadedflange 313. Thestopper 311 prevents the threadedflange 313 from moving on thecable 105 when the threaded flange is threaded into the housing 201 (FIG. 2 ). Although the threadedflange 313 is spaced apart from thestopper 311 inFIG. 3 , the threadedflange 313 rests against thestopper 311 when the threaded flange is screwed into thehousing 201. - A
flexible seal 312 is compressed between the threadedflange 313 and the stopper and forms a water-resistant seal. In the illustrated embodiment, theseal 312 is an O-ring. -
FIG. 4 is a partially cut-away view of apartial antenna assembly 400 according to the embodiment of the present disclosure discussed above with respect toFIG. 1 . In thispartial assembly 400, theconductive tube 101 has been added to the partial assembly 300 (FIG. 3 ). Thecenter wire 102 of thecable 105 has been bent over thetube 101 and electrically connected to thetube 101. The centeringspacer 110 fits within thetube 101 and serves to keep thecable 105 centered within thetube 101 for most of the length of thetube 101. In this regard, for generally at least 75% of the length of the tube, thecable 105 is centered within the tube before it is bent over to the tube wall. The centering spacer also serves to keep thetube 101, which is very thin-walled, mechanically stable. The centeringspacer 110 has an opening to receive thecable 105. The outside diameter of the centeringspacer 110 is slightly smaller than the inside diameter of thetube 101. -
FIG. 5 is a partially cut-away view of theantenna 200 ofFIG. 2 . Importantly, thetube 101 extends above into the rounded top portion 208 a distance “d” as shown. This is important because the roundedtop portion 208 is generally above ground when the antenna is in use, and thetube 101 generally needs to extend above ground in order for the antenna to transmit properly. In one embodiment, the distance “d” is between 0.40 and 0.49 inches. - The threaded
flange 313 is engaged within thehousing 202. In this regard, external threads on the threadedflange 313 mate with internal threads (not shown) within the threadedportion 202 of thehousing 201. -
FIG. 6 is a partially cut-away view of apartial antenna assembly 600 according to another embodiment of the present disclosure. This embodiment may be used above the ground. In this embodiment the inner workings of the antenna are substantially identical to the antennas discussed herein, but the housing is configured differently. In thispartial assembly 600, the centeringspacer 110 has been installed on thecoaxial cable 105. A threadedflange 613 is disposed on thecable 105 between the distal end of thecable 105 and thefirst ferrite bead 104. The threadedflange 613 comprises an opening (not shown) that receives thecable 105. The threadedflange 613 is not rigidly affixed to the cable but can move upward and downward with respect to thecable 105. The threadedflange 613 has exterior threads that mate with threads (not shown) interior to the housing, as further discussed below with respect toFIG. 7 . - A
stopper 611 is rigidly affixed to thecable 105 between the distal end ofcable 105 and the threadedflange 613. Thestopper 611 prevents the threadedflange 613 from moving on thecable 105 when the threaded flange is threaded into the housing 701 (FIG. 7 ). Although the threadedflange 613 is spaced apart from thestopper 611 inFIG. 6 , the threadedflange 613 rests against thestopper 611 when the threaded flange is screwed into thehousing 701. - A
flexible seal 612 is compressed between the threadedflange 613 and thestopper 611 and forms a water-resistant seal. In the illustrated embodiment, theseal 612 is an O-ring. In some embodiments, a tear-shapedflexible seal 620 is used to maintain a spacing of thecable 105 within the threaded portion of the threadedflange 613. -
FIG. 7 is a partially cut-away view of anantenna 700 that may be used above the around. A partial assembly of theantenna 700 was discussed above with respect toFIG. 6 . The threadedflange 613 is engaged within thehousing 701. In this regard, external threads on the threadedflange 613 mate with internal threads (not shown) within thehousing 201. In some embodiments, the threadedflange 613 mates with mounting hardware (not specifically shown) when attaching the antenna—for example, theantenna 700 shown inFIG. 7 —to a metal or composite cabinet or an ‘L’-shaped metal bracket used for remote pole mounting. -
FIG. 8 is a representation of thecoaxial cable 105 of anantenna 100 as discussed herein with respect toFIG. 1 . The antenna is a half wave end fed configuration at the lowest operating frequency and at all harmonics, such as would commonly referred to as a “non-resonant end fed antenna.” The name derives from the fact that the feed line is actually part of the radiating element of the antenna after exiting the ferrite bead 104 (FIG. 1 ). Thecoaxial cable 105 is represented in rough cross section by three lines inFIG. 8 :line 801 is the center conductor andlines center conductor 801; theinside surface 803 of the shield (braid) 802A; and theoutside surface 804 of theshield 802A. Thecenter conductor 801 of the coaxial cable and theinside surface 803 of the shield comprises the feed line and carries the signal in the direction indicated bydirectional arrow 810 along its length to the load (common mode currents). When the RF signal reaches the end of the coax, the currents on thecenter conductor 801 and theinside surface 803 of the shield cancel each other and substantially no radiation is generated. The application of the conductive tube 101 (FIG. 1 ) surrounding thecable 105 as discussed herein causes the RF energy to wrap around from theinside surface 803 of the shield and begin to flow on theoutside surface 804 of the shield back toward the load, in the direction indicated bydirectional arrow 811. This current flowing on the outside of the shield does not cancel and begins to radiate. - In order for a half wave end fed configuration to perform properly at the lowest operating frequency and at all harmonics, the RF current must not travel back to the transceiver (not shown). Therefore the radiating shield current must be prevented from continuing down the feed line, while allowing the internal feed currents to continue unaffected. The
ferrite beads 104 and 106 (FIG. 1 ) around the outer shield of thecoaxial cable 105 limit the effect on the transceiver and the intended resonant point (resonant frequency) of the antenna. The limitations of the current create an end fed antenna. - The antenna broadband tuning is accomplished automatically by the addition of the tube 101 (
FIG. 1 ) placed over and around the end of the radiating element with the center coaxconductor 102 attached to thedistal end 107 of the tube as described and shown herein. The antenna does not require a ground plane or the necessity for retuning, unlike many other antennas, and is vertically polarized. - When the operating frequency varies, the antenna resonance is automatically changed due to the reaction of the inductive and capacitive reactance maintained between the two over a broad bandwidth. As frequency decreases below resonance and the antenna becomes inductive, this tuning network offsets this reactive shift, thereby stabilizing voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR). Once the frequency increases above resonance and becomes capacitive, the same tuning network offsets this reactive shift, continuing to stabilize VSWR.
- The antenna has a wide bandwidth an is suitable for cellular, IOT, Wi-Fi, and Bluetooth applications deployed in various environments.
Claims (20)
1. An ultra-wideband antenna comprising:
a coaxial cable extending through the center of a conductive tube, a distal end of a center conductor of the coaxial cable electrically connected to a distal end of the conductive tube, a distal end of a shield of the coaxial cable not electrically connected to any conductor;
a first and a second ferrite bead disposed on the coaxial cable outwardly from a proximal end of the conductive tube, outside of the conductive tube, the first and second ferrite bead disposed serially on the coaxial cable, spaced apart from one another.
2. The antenna of claim 1 , further comprising a centering spacer disposed between the conductive tube and the coaxial cable, the centering spacer configured to maintain the coaxial cable substantially centered within the conductive tube.
3. The antenna of claim 2 , wherein the centering spacer is formed from an insulating material.
4. The antenna of claim 3 , wherein the centering spacer is formed from polyurethane foam.
5. The antenna of claim 1 , wherein the conductive tube is formed from brass, and wherein a wall of the tube is between 0.38 mm and 0.420 mm thick.
6. The antenna of claim 1 , wherein the shield of the coaxial cable terminates within the conductive tube, a distance of between 6.1 mm and 6.6 mm from the distal end of the conductive tube.
7. The antenna of claim 1 , wherein the first ferrite bead is spaced from a proximal end of the conductive tube by between 84.8 mm and 87.6 mm.
8. The antenna of claim 7 , wherein the second ferrite is spaced apart from the first ferrite bead by a distance of between 59 mm and 61 mm.
9. The antenna of claim 1 , wherein each of the first and second ferrite beads extends around the outer shield of the coaxial cable, and wherein the first and second ferrite beads are configured to affect a resonant point of the antenna.
10. The antenna of claim 1 , further comprising a mushroom-shaped housing configured to be installed in a lid of an underground pit, the housing comprising a rounded top portion unitarily formed with a male-threaded portion, the male-threaded portion configured to pass through an opening in the lid, the rounded top portion configured to extend above the lid.
11. The antenna of claim 10 , wherein the conductive tube extends into the rounded top portion a distance of between 0.40 and 0.49 inches.
12. The antenna of claim 10 , further comprising a female-threaded nut configured to mate with the male-threaded portion of the housing and secure the housing to the lid.
13. An ultra-wideband antenna comprising:
a conductive tube comprising a distal end and a proximal end;
a coaxial cable extending through the center of the conductive tube, the coaxial cable comprising a center conductor and a shield, a distal end of the center conductor electrically connected to the distal end of the conductive tube;
a first and a second ferrite bead disposed on the coaxial cable outwardly from the proximal end of the conductive tube, outside of the conductive tube, the first and second ferrite bead disposed serially on the coaxial cable, spaced apart from one another.
14. The antenna of claim 13 , a distal end of a shield of the coaxial cable not electrically connected to any conductor.
15. The antenna of claim 13 , further comprising an insulating centering spacer disposed between the conductive tube and the coaxial cable, the centering spacer configured to maintain the coaxial cable substantially centered within the conductive tube.
16. The antenna of claim 13 , further comprising a mushroom-shaped housing configured to be installed in a lid of an underground pit, the housing comprising a rounded top portion unitarily formed with a male-threaded portion, the male-threaded portion configured to pass through an opening in the lid, the rounded top portion configured to extend above the lid.
17. The antenna of claim 16 , wherein the conductive tube extends into the rounded top portion a distance of between 0.40 and 0.49 inches.
18. The antenna of claim 16 , further comprising a female-threaded nut configured to mate with the male-threaded portion of the housing and secure the housing to the lid.
19. An ultra-wideband antenna comprising:
a conductive tube comprising a distal end and a proximal end;
a coaxial cable extending through the center of the conductive tube, the coaxial cable comprising a center conductor and a shield, a distal end of the center conductor electrically connected to the distal end of the conductive tube; and
an insulating centering spacer disposed between the conductive tube and the coaxial cable, the centering spacer configured to maintain the coaxial cable substantially centered within the conductive tube.
20. The antenna of claim 19 , further comprising a first and a second ferrite bead disposed on the coaxial cable outwardly from the proximal end of the conductive tube, outside of the conductive tube, the first and second ferrite bead disposed serially on the coaxial cable, spaced apart from one another.
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US17/098,125 US20210143547A1 (en) | 2019-11-13 | 2020-11-13 | Ultra-wideband antenna |
US18/540,432 US20240113439A1 (en) | 2019-11-13 | 2023-12-14 | Automatically tuning ultra-wideband antenna |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US201962934801P | 2019-11-13 | 2019-11-13 | |
US17/098,125 US20210143547A1 (en) | 2019-11-13 | 2020-11-13 | Ultra-wideband antenna |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US18/540,432 Continuation US20240113439A1 (en) | 2019-11-13 | 2023-12-14 | Automatically tuning ultra-wideband antenna |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US20210143547A1 true US20210143547A1 (en) | 2021-05-13 |
Family
ID=75845676
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US17/098,125 Pending US20210143547A1 (en) | 2019-11-13 | 2020-11-13 | Ultra-wideband antenna |
US18/540,432 Pending US20240113439A1 (en) | 2019-11-13 | 2023-12-14 | Automatically tuning ultra-wideband antenna |
Family Applications After (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US18/540,432 Pending US20240113439A1 (en) | 2019-11-13 | 2023-12-14 | Automatically tuning ultra-wideband antenna |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
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US (2) | US20210143547A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP4042514A4 (en) |
AU (1) | AU2020384317A1 (en) |
MX (1) | MX2022005825A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2021097295A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20230009060A1 (en) * | 2021-07-08 | 2023-01-12 | Thales Defense & Security, Inc. | Antenna gooseneck device and communication system to mitigate near-field effects of co-localized antennas on portable radio products and methods of use thereof |
Family Cites Families (11)
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US2531476A (en) * | 1947-04-28 | 1950-11-28 | Farnsworth Res Corp | Ultra high frequency antenna |
US3750181A (en) | 1971-09-07 | 1973-07-31 | Radionics Inc | Ground independent antenna |
US5592183A (en) * | 1988-12-06 | 1997-01-07 | Henf; George | Gap raidated antenna |
US6414605B1 (en) * | 1998-09-02 | 2002-07-02 | Schlumberger Resource Management Services, Inc. | Utility meter pit lid mounted antenna assembly and method |
US6483471B1 (en) * | 2001-06-06 | 2002-11-19 | Xm Satellite Radio, Inc. | Combination linearly polarized and quadrifilar antenna |
BR0307255A (en) * | 2002-01-31 | 2004-12-14 | Galtronics Ltd | Multi-band Coaxial Tube or Dipole Antenna |
US8395557B2 (en) * | 2007-04-27 | 2013-03-12 | Northrop Grumman Systems Corporation | Broadband antenna having electrically isolated first and second antennas |
US8624791B2 (en) * | 2012-03-22 | 2014-01-07 | Venti Group, LLC | Chokes for electrical cables |
US9379441B2 (en) * | 2012-05-21 | 2016-06-28 | Shakespeare Company, Llc | Very wide band tactical vehicular antenna system |
DE102013016116A1 (en) | 2013-09-26 | 2015-03-26 | Dieter Kilian | Antenna for short-range applications and use of such an antenna |
US9553369B2 (en) * | 2014-02-07 | 2017-01-24 | Her Majesty The Queen In Right Of Canada, As Represented By The Minister Of National Defence | Ultra-wideband biconical antenna with excellent gain and impedance matching |
-
2020
- 2020-11-13 AU AU2020384317A patent/AU2020384317A1/en active Pending
- 2020-11-13 EP EP20888372.8A patent/EP4042514A4/en active Pending
- 2020-11-13 WO PCT/US2020/060525 patent/WO2021097295A1/en unknown
- 2020-11-13 MX MX2022005825A patent/MX2022005825A/en unknown
- 2020-11-13 US US17/098,125 patent/US20210143547A1/en active Pending
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2023
- 2023-12-14 US US18/540,432 patent/US20240113439A1/en active Pending
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20230009060A1 (en) * | 2021-07-08 | 2023-01-12 | Thales Defense & Security, Inc. | Antenna gooseneck device and communication system to mitigate near-field effects of co-localized antennas on portable radio products and methods of use thereof |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP4042514A4 (en) | 2023-10-25 |
MX2022005825A (en) | 2022-08-16 |
AU2020384317A1 (en) | 2022-05-26 |
EP4042514A1 (en) | 2022-08-17 |
US20240113439A1 (en) | 2024-04-04 |
WO2021097295A1 (en) | 2021-05-20 |
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