US20210102453A1 - Wellbore landing methods for reservoir stimulation - Google Patents
Wellbore landing methods for reservoir stimulation Download PDFInfo
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- US20210102453A1 US20210102453A1 US16/332,433 US201716332433A US2021102453A1 US 20210102453 A1 US20210102453 A1 US 20210102453A1 US 201716332433 A US201716332433 A US 201716332433A US 2021102453 A1 US2021102453 A1 US 2021102453A1
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- lateral section
- tunnels
- productive zone
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- hydrocarbon fluid
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/30—Specific pattern of wells, e.g. optimizing the spacing of wells
- E21B43/305—Specific pattern of wells, e.g. optimizing the spacing of wells comprising at least one inclined or horizontal well
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
- E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
Definitions
- the subterranean formation is stimulated to enhance recovery of hydrocarbon fluids such as oil and gas.
- One form of well stimulation is hydraulic fracturing which may be conducted in a wellbore following a drilling operation and an optional casing operation. Hydraulic fracturing operations initially were performed in single stage vertical or near vertical wells. To further improve productivity, however, hydraulic fracturing operations have trended toward use in generally horizontal wells. Although horizontal fracturing operations have improved productivity, current methods have limitations with respect to productivity and efficiency in certain types of subterranean environments and operations.
- a well is formed in a subterranean region by drilling a borehole, e.g. a wellbore, which has a lateral section.
- the lateral section may be located at least in part in a non-productive zone of the subterranean region.
- at least one tunnel is formed which intersects the lateral section and penetrates a productive zone containing hydrocarbon fluid.
- a plurality of tunnels may be formed to extend from the lateral section outwardly into the productive zone.
- a well stimulation e.g. hydraulic fracturing, may be performed through the tunnel(s) to stimulate a desired stimulation zone or zones within the productive zone.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of an example of a well system having a borehole with a lateral section and a plurality of tunnels extending from the lateral section, according to an embodiment of the disclosure;
- FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of another embodiment of the well system with a lateral section and a plurality of tunnels, according to an embodiment of the disclosure
- FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of an example of a borehole having one type of lateral section, according to an embodiment of the disclosure
- FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of another example of a borehole having a different type of lateral section, according to an embodiment of the disclosure
- FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of another example of a borehole having a different type of lateral section, according to an embodiment of the disclosure
- FIG. 6 is a schematic illustration of another embodiment of the well system with a lateral section and a plurality of tunnels, according to an embodiment of the disclosure
- FIG. 7 is a schematic illustration of another embodiment of the well system with a lateral section and a plurality of tunnels, according to an embodiment of the disclosure.
- FIG. 8 is a schematic illustration of another embodiment of the well system with a lateral section and a plurality of tunnels, according to an embodiment of the disclosure.
- FIG. 9 is a schematic illustration of another embodiment of the well system with a lateral section and a plurality of tunnels, according to an embodiment of the disclosure.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic illustration of another embodiment of the well system with a lateral section and a plurality of tunnels, according to an embodiment of the disclosure.
- FIG. 11 is a schematic illustration of another embodiment of the well system with a lateral section and a plurality of tunnels, according to an embodiment of the disclosure.
- FIG. 12 is a schematic illustration of another embodiment of the well system with a lateral section and a plurality of tunnels, according to an embodiment of the disclosure.
- a well may be formed in a subterranean region by drilling a borehole, e.g. a wellbore, which has a lateral section.
- a borehole e.g. a wellbore
- the wellbore may be drilled from the surface along a generally vertical section and then turned laterally and drilled to form a lateral section in the subterranean region.
- the lateral section may generally be a horizontal section although the horizontal section may have undulating, e.g. sinusoidal, or inclined/declined sections of wellbore.
- the lateral section may be located at least in part in a non-productive zone of the subterranean region.
- the non-productive zone is a zone which contains limited amounts of hydrocarbon fluid or is less desirable with respect to production of hydrocarbon fluid.
- the non-productive zone may be in a zone of the subterranean region which has a substantially higher minimum in situ stress in the rock compared to a desirable productive zone.
- At least one tunnel is formed which intersects the lateral section and penetrates a productive zone containing hydrocarbon fluid.
- a plurality of tunnels may be formed to extend from the lateral section outwardly into the productive zone.
- the lateral section of the wellbore may be entirely outside of the productive zone and a plurality of tunnels may be formed in a desired direction, e.g. upwardly and/or downwardly, to reach the productive zone. In other applications, however, the lateral section of wellbore may extend into or through the productive zone.
- a well stimulation may be performed through the tunnel(s) to stimulate a desired stimulation zone or zones within the productive zone.
- the well stimulation may comprise a hydraulic fracturing of the stimulation zone or zones. Hydraulic fracturing may be achieved by pumping a fracturing fluid down through the wellbore and out through the tunnels to fracture the subterranean formation at the stimulation zones adjacent the tunnels. The fracturing of the stimulation zones within the productive zone enhances production of hydrocarbon fluid from the productive zone to the wellbore and ultimately to the surface.
- the lateral section of wellbore is drilled as a horizontal section of the well outside of a target zone, e.g. above or below the target zone.
- the target zone may be a productive zone of the subterranean region containing desired hydrocarbon fluid.
- more than two substantially vertical tunnels are formed to extend from the horizontal section so as to penetrate the target zone.
- a stimulation procedure is then performed through the vertical tunnels.
- the horizontal section of the well may be landed in a nonproductive rock and/or in a region with petrophysical and geo-mechanical properties different from the properties of the target zone, e.g. a substantially higher minimum in situ stress relative to that of the target zone.
- the substantially vertical tunnels may be used in certain types of formations, e.g. laminated formations, to facilitate flow of fluid to the tunnels even in the presence of pinch points between formation layers.
- the general methodology comprises initially drilling a borehole with a lateral section in a subterranean region.
- a plurality of tunnels may be formed so as to extend outwardly, e.g. upwardly and/or downwardly, from the lateral section.
- a fracturing fluid may then be pumped down through the borehole, into the lateral section, and out through the plurality of tunnels.
- the fracturing fluid is forced under pressure from the tunnels out into the surrounding subterranean region, e.g. into the surrounding oil bearing formation, to fracture the surrounding subterranean region.
- the surrounding subterranean region/formation may be fractured at a plurality of stimulation zones within the overall productive zone or zones.
- the fracturing fluid also may comprise propping agent for providing fracture conductivity after fracture closure.
- the fracturing fluid may comprise acid such as hydrochloric acid, acetic acid, citric acid, hydrofluoric acid, other acids, or mixtures thereof.
- a well system 20 is illustrated as extending into a subterranean region 22 .
- the well system 20 enables a methodology for enhancing recovery of hydrocarbon fluid, e.g. oil and/or gas, from a well.
- a borehole 24 e.g. a wellbore
- the lateral section 26 may be generally horizontal although the horizontal section may comprise inclines, declines, and undulations formed intentionally or resulting from drilling through the rock of subterranean region 22 .
- At least one tunnel 28 and often a plurality of tunnels 28 may be formed to intersect the lateral section 26 .
- the tunnels 28 provide fluid communication with an interior of the lateral section 26 to facilitate flow of the desired hydrocarbon fluid from tunnels 28 , into lateral section 26 , and up through wellbore 24 to, for example, a surface collection location 30 .
- the tunnels 28 may be oriented in various directions depending on the material forming subterranean region 22 and on the location of desired hydrocarbon fluids. In some embodiments, the tunnels 28 may be formed in a generally vertical orientation to extend upwardly from lateral section 26 as illustrated in FIG. 1 . The tunnels 28 also may be formed in a generally vertical orientation to extend downwardly from lateral section 26 , as illustrated in FIG. 2 .
- the structure of the rock formation may create flow pinch points 32 (see upper left diagram in FIG. 1 and lower left diagram in FIG. 2 ).
- the flow pinch points 32 effectively may be stacked above each other even after performance of a hydraulic fracturing operation.
- the substantially vertical orientation of tunnels 28 facilitates the flow of hydrocarbon fluid past these pinch points and into the tunnels 28 for delivery to lateral section 26 . It should be noted other embodiments may utilize tunnels 28 extending in different directions and/or in multiple directions from the lateral section 26 .
- a stimulation operation may be performed via tunnels 28 to create stimulation zones 34 which facilitate flow of fluid into the corresponding tunnels 28 .
- hydraulic fracturing operations may be performed to fracture the subterranean region 22 , e.g. oil bearing formation, to facilitate flow of the desired fluid into the corresponding tunnels 28 .
- the stimulation operation is a hydraulic fracturing operation
- fracturing fluid may be pumped from the surface, down through wellbore 24 , through lateral section 26 , into tunnels 28 , and then into the stimulation zones 34 surrounding the corresponding tunnels 28 .
- a perforating operation may be performed in tunnels 28 to facilitate fracturing of the desired zones 34 in subterranean region 22 .
- the tunnels 28 /zones 34 may be fractured sequentially.
- the fracturing operation may be performed through sequential groups of tunnels 28 or sequentially through individual tunnels 28 to cause sequential fracturing of the stimulation zones 34 .
- the tunnels 28 may be formed via a variety of techniques, such as various drilling techniques. For example, drilling equipment may be deployed down into lateral section 26 and used to form the desired number of tunnels 28 in appropriate orientations for a given subterranean environment and production operation. However, the tunnels 28 also may be formed by other suitable techniques, such as jetting techniques, laser techniques, or other available tunnel formation techniques.
- the wellbore 24 may be completed with various types of equipment and procedures.
- a casing 36 may be deployed along at least a portion of the wellbore 24 , e.g. along a generally vertical portion 38 of wellbore 24 .
- the casing 36 also may be deployed along lateral, e.g. horizontal, section 26 which may be completed as a cased or open hole section.
- a cementing procedure may then be performed to place a cement 40 along the casing 36 .
- Other completion equipment may comprise various sand screen assemblies, packers, sleeves, control valves, and other suitable equipment to facilitate stimulation and/or production.
- the completion equipment comprises a plurality of packers 42 , e.g. open hole packers, deployed along lateral section 26 .
- flow control devices 44 e.g. frac sleeves, may be positioned to enable selective control of flow between individual tunnels 28 and the interior of lateral section 26 .
- Many other types of equipment may be used to control flow and to facilitate aspects of the injection and/or production operations.
- FIGS. 3-5 different configurations of wellbore 24 are illustrated as having lateral section 26 disposed in slightly different orientations and configurations. Depending on the configuration of lateral section 26 , the movement of hydrocarbon fluid and thus the efficiency of production may be affected. However, the formation of tunnels 28 and stimulation zones 34 facilitate improved and more efficient hydrocarbon production with several types of configurations of lateral section 26 .
- the well and well system 20 may demonstrate a “slugging” behavior due to the undulating or serpentine configuration of lateral section 26 .
- the “sinusoidality” of lateral section 26 may lead to repetitive accumulation of liquid 46 , e.g. oil, in lower portions of the lateral/horizontal section 26 .
- the portions of liquid 46 may be separated by gas 48 disposed between portions of liquid 46 .
- Such a configuration could lead to decreased production performance, but the formation of tunnels 28 and stimulation zones 34 enhance the production capability.
- the oil 46 and/or gas 48 may be the desired hydrocarbon fluid produced to surface location 30 .
- the liquid unloading efficiency of the wellbore 24 may be improved by reducing or eliminating the wellbore “sinusoidality” by drilling the lateral section 26 at a slight decline such that liquid/oil 46 collects in a toe 50 of the lateral section 26 , as illustrated in FIG. 4 .
- the liquid unloading efficiency may be improved by drilling the lateral section at a slight incline such that the liquid/oil 46 collects in a heel 52 of the lateral section 26 , as illustrated in FIG. 5 .
- the tunnels 28 may be formed to facilitate production when the lateral section 26 is located in a productive zone, partially in a productive zone, or outside of a productive zone containing the desired hydrocarbon 46 / 48 .
- Stimulation of zones 34 e.g. fracturing of zones 34 , also may be used to facilitate production by increasing the flow of hydrocarbon fluid into tunnels 28 and thus into lateral section 26 .
- FIGS. 6-9 various wellbore geometries are illustrated to facilitate production of a hydrocarbon fluid, e.g. oil and/or gas, from a productive zone 54 in subterranean region 22 .
- a hydrocarbon fluid e.g. oil and/or gas
- the lateral section 26 of wellbore 24 is drilled generally horizontally but with an incline such that the toe 50 is higher than the heel 52 similar to the configuration illustrated in FIG. 5 .
- the plurality of tunnels 28 may be constructed to intersect lateral section 26 and to extend downwardly such that the tunnels 28 penetrate the productive zone 54 .
- the tunnels 28 may extend into or through the productive zone 54 .
- the tunnels 28 may be oriented generally vertically and may extend at least partially through a nonproductive zone or zones 56 as well as productive zone 54 .
- the lateral section 26 may be located entirely in a nonproductive zone 56 .
- the tunnels 28 are formed, e.g. drilled, from lateral section 26 , through the initial nonproductive zone 56 , and into the productive zone 54 to facilitate production of the desired hydrocarbon fluid.
- stimulation treatments may be performed through the tunnels 28 to create the stimulation zones 34 .
- fracturing fluid may be pumped down through wellbore 24 , through lateral section 26 , through tunnels 28 , and into the surrounding formation of productive zone 54 to create stimulated/hydraulically fractured zones 34 .
- the wellbore geometry may be selected such that a similarly inclined lateral section 26 of wellbore 24 extends through the productive zone 54 , as illustrated in FIG. 7 .
- the tunnels 28 may be appropriately oriented in the downward direction and upward direction as illustrated, such that they penetrate the productive zone 54 .
- the tunnels 28 may again be used to form the stimulation zones 34 so as to facilitate enhanced production of hydrocarbon fluids 46 / 48 from the productive zone 54 .
- the lateral section 26 of wellbore 24 may be drilled generally horizontally but with a decline such that the toe 50 is lower than the heel 52 similar to the configuration illustrated in FIG. 4 .
- the plurality of tunnels 28 may be constructed to intersect lateral section 26 and to extend downwardly such that the tunnels 28 penetrate the productive zone 54 , e.g. extend into or through the productive zone 54 .
- the lateral section 26 may again be located entirely in a nonproductive zone 56 .
- the tunnels 28 may be formed, e.g. drilled, from lateral section 26 , through the initial nonproductive zone 56 , and into the productive zone 54 to facilitate production of the desired hydrocarbon fluid. Stimulation treatments may be performed through the tunnels 28 to create the stimulation zones 34 within productive zone 54 .
- the wellbore geometry may be selected such that a similarly declined lateral section 26 of wellbore 24 extends through the productive zone 54 , as illustrated in FIG. 9 .
- the tunnels 28 may be appropriately oriented in the downward direction and upward direction, as illustrated, such that they penetrate the productive zone 54 .
- the tunnels 28 may again be used to form the stimulation zones 34 so as to facilitate enhanced production of hydrocarbon fluids 46 / 48 from the productive zone 54 .
- the particular geometry of wellbore 24 and lateral section 26 , as well as the number and orientation of tunnels 28 may be selected according to various considerations.
- the geometry may be based on considerations of flow performance of the wellbore, e.g. flow performance in productive zone 54 , and on the accessibility of the productive zone 54 via, for example, tunnels 28 .
- a variety of stimulation techniques other than or in addition to hydraulic fracturing may be used via tunnels 28 to create stimulation zones 34 . Examples of such other stimulation techniques include matrix acidizing, acid fracturing, propellant treatment, injection of chelating agents, or other suitable stimulation techniques.
- the lateral section 26 as well as other portions of wellbore 24 may be formed within, through, or outside of the productive zone 54 .
- FIGS. 10 and 11 additional examples of wellbore geometries are illustrated. These wellbore geometries are able to similarly facilitate production of a hydrocarbon fluid, e.g. oil and/or gas, from productive zone 54 in subterranean region 22 .
- a hydrocarbon fluid e.g. oil and/or gas
- the lateral section 26 of wellbore 24 is drilled generally horizontally but with an undulating configuration to follow a certain formation layer.
- the sinusoidal lateral section 26 may be oriented at a general incline, as illustrated, or a general decline.
- the plurality of tunnels 28 may be constructed to intersect lateral section 26 and to extend downwardly such that the tunnels 28 penetrate the productive zone 54 .
- the tunnels 28 may extend into or through the productive zone 54 .
- the tunnels 28 may be oriented generally vertically and may extend at least partially through a nonproductive zone or zones 56 as well as productive zone 54 .
- the lateral section 26 may be located entirely in a nonproductive zone 56 , as illustrated, or the lateral section 26 of wellbore 24 may enter the productive zone 54 .
- the tunnels 28 may be formed, e.g. drilled, from lateral section 26 , through the initial nonproductive zone 56 , and into the productive zone 54 .
- stimulation treatments may be performed through the tunnels 28 to create the stimulation zones 34 as with other embodiments described herein.
- lateral section 26 may be disposed in a nonproductive zone 56 below the productive zone 54 , as illustrated in FIG. 11 .
- the tunnels 28 again intersect the lateral section 26 but extend generally upwardly to penetrate the productive zone 54 .
- the tunnels 28 may be formed to terminate within the productive zone 54 or to extend through the productive zone 54 as with other embodiments described herein.
- the lateral section 26 is disposed between two productive zones 54 .
- the lateral section 26 may follow a desired formation layer, as illustrated, or may have other substantially horizontal configurations.
- the tunnels 28 may be formed in a substantially vertical orientation extending both upwardly into the first productive zone 54 and downwardly into the second productive zone 54 .
- stimulation zones 34 may be formed to facilitate hydrocarbon production, and those stimulation zones 34 may be located in both productive zones 54 .
- the lateral section 26 may be drilled in productive zone 54 and/or non-productive zone 56 .
- the specific configuration of the wellbore 24 and the location of lateral section 26 in one or more productive zones 54 and non-productive zones 56 may depend on the type of environment found in subterranean region 22 .
- the lateral section 26 of wellbore 24 may be landed in zones having properties which minimize the likelihood of creating hydraulic fractures in those zones.
- the lateral section 26 may be landed in a non-productive zone 56 having, for example, a higher minimum in situ stress than the productive zone 54 .
- the lateral section 26 also may be landed in a non-productive zone 56 which has a higher density of natural fractures which, when hydraulically fractured, conform initially complex fracture networks having low fracture width. In this latter type of fracture network, propagation of the fracture network can be stopped via bridging solid particles in created fractures.
- the use of tunnels 28 obviates this type of problem by ensuring fracturing occurs in the desired productive zone 54 .
- the lateral section 26 may be landed in a non-productive zone 56 which has high poroelasticity or pseudo-poroelasticity.
- tunnels 28 may be formed to extend from the open hole lateral section 26 ; and open hole packers 42 may be used to provide isolation between various wellbore zones. If the lateral section 26 is placed in a non-productive zone 56 with relatively higher stress, the productive zone 54 may be fractured or otherwise stimulated through the tunnels 28 —thus minimizing the likelihood of creating fractures extending from the open hole portion of the lateral section 26 but not connected to tunnels 28 .
- Placement of the lateral section 26 in such non-productive zones 56 also may be used to facilitate acidizing treatments and other chemical treatments.
- lateral section 26 may be located in a zone which is not reactive to the pumped chemical agents.
- tunnels 28 may be used to enable transfer of the chemical agents to the desired zone, e.g. productive zone 54 .
- the production of hydrocarbon fluids from productive zones 54 may be increased greatly by utilizing a substantially horizontal lateral section 26 and substantially vertical tunnels 28 .
- the rock in a given subterranean region 22 may be layered to effectively create a laminated formation and such a formation can create stacked pinch points 32 which restrict flow if fracturing is performed from a horizontal section of the wellbore.
- the use of wellbore geometries having a substantially horizontal lateral section 26 and substantially vertical tunnels 28 can substantially reduce the impact of pinch points and enhance production of hydrocarbon fluids 46 , 48 through the wellbore 24 .
- references to substantially vertical tunnels 28 may be considered as tunnels 28 oriented at an angle less than 45° from vertical. In some embodiments, tunnels 28 are oriented at an angle less than 20° from vertical. However, the tunnels 28 may be formed with other orientations and configurations, e.g. various serpentine configurations, lateral orientations, or other configurations and orientations suited for the parameters of a given application.
- references to substantially horizontal lateral section 26 may be considered lateral sections inclined/declined less than 45° from horizontal. In some embodiments, the substantially horizontal lateral section 26 is inclined/declined less than 20° from horizontal. However, lateral section 26 may be formed at other angles and with other configurations selected according to the parameters of a given environment and operation.
- the wellbore geometries described herein also may be used to reduce the amount of sand and material used in a variety of fracturing operations while still enhancing production of the desired hydrocarbon fluids.
- records indicate that approximately 2000 wells, including those of the Barnett Shale reservoir, were arranged vertically and stimulated with approximately 100,000-500,000 pounds of sand and approximately 5000-20,000 bbls of fluid, e.g. water.
- stimulation occurred in 5-10 stages with approximately 100,000-500,000 pounds of sand and approximately 5000-20,000 bbls of fluid per stage.
- the wellbore geometries described herein increase efficiency with respect to use of sand and fluid by employing substantially vertical tunnels 28 in combination with a substantially horizontal lateral section 26 .
- the substantially vertical tunnels 28 enhance production from one or more productive zones 54 while limiting the inefficient use of sand/proppant associated with hydraulic fracturing from horizontal wellbores.
- the wellbore geometries described herein may be adjusted according to the type, size, orientation, and other features of the productive zone or zones 54 . Additionally, the location of the lateral section 26 as well as the tunnels 28 may be affected by the type of non-productive zones 56 adjacent the productive zone(s) 54 containing desired hydrocarbon fluids. Similarly, many different types of equipment, e.g. packers, valves, sleeves, sand screens, and/or other types of equipment may be used in completing the lateral section 26 as well as the overall wellbore 24 . Various sections of the wellbore 24 , including the lateral section 26 , may be cased or open-hole depending on the parameters of the specific application.
Abstract
A technique facilitates enhanced hydrocarbon fluid production. A well is formed in a subterranean region by drilling a borehole, e.g. a wellbore, which has a lateral section. The lateral section may be located at least in part in a non-productive zone of the subterranean region. In cooperation with the lateral section, at least one tunnel is formed which intersects the lateral section and penetrates a productive zone containing hydrocarbon fluid. A plurality of tunnels may be formed to extend from the lateral section outwardly into the productive zone. A well stimulation, e.g. hydraulic fracturing, operation is performed through the tunnel(s) to stimulate a desired stimulation zone or zones within the productive zone.
Description
- The present document is based on and claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 62/393,327, filed Sep. 12, 2016, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
- In various well applications, the subterranean formation is stimulated to enhance recovery of hydrocarbon fluids such as oil and gas. One form of well stimulation is hydraulic fracturing which may be conducted in a wellbore following a drilling operation and an optional casing operation. Hydraulic fracturing operations initially were performed in single stage vertical or near vertical wells. To further improve productivity, however, hydraulic fracturing operations have trended toward use in generally horizontal wells. Although horizontal fracturing operations have improved productivity, current methods have limitations with respect to productivity and efficiency in certain types of subterranean environments and operations.
- In general, the present disclosure provides a methodology and system for enhancing hydrocarbon fluid production. A well is formed in a subterranean region by drilling a borehole, e.g. a wellbore, which has a lateral section. The lateral section may be located at least in part in a non-productive zone of the subterranean region. In cooperation with the lateral section, at least one tunnel is formed which intersects the lateral section and penetrates a productive zone containing hydrocarbon fluid. In various embodiments, a plurality of tunnels may be formed to extend from the lateral section outwardly into the productive zone. A well stimulation, e.g. hydraulic fracturing, may be performed through the tunnel(s) to stimulate a desired stimulation zone or zones within the productive zone.
- Certain embodiments will hereafter be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals denote like elements. It should be understood, however, that the accompanying figures illustrate various implementations described herein and are not meant to limit the scope of various technologies described herein, and:
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FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of an example of a well system having a borehole with a lateral section and a plurality of tunnels extending from the lateral section, according to an embodiment of the disclosure; -
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of another embodiment of the well system with a lateral section and a plurality of tunnels, according to an embodiment of the disclosure; -
FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of an example of a borehole having one type of lateral section, according to an embodiment of the disclosure; -
FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of another example of a borehole having a different type of lateral section, according to an embodiment of the disclosure; -
FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of another example of a borehole having a different type of lateral section, according to an embodiment of the disclosure; -
FIG. 6 is a schematic illustration of another embodiment of the well system with a lateral section and a plurality of tunnels, according to an embodiment of the disclosure; -
FIG. 7 is a schematic illustration of another embodiment of the well system with a lateral section and a plurality of tunnels, according to an embodiment of the disclosure; -
FIG. 8 is a schematic illustration of another embodiment of the well system with a lateral section and a plurality of tunnels, according to an embodiment of the disclosure; -
FIG. 9 is a schematic illustration of another embodiment of the well system with a lateral section and a plurality of tunnels, according to an embodiment of the disclosure; -
FIG. 10 is a schematic illustration of another embodiment of the well system with a lateral section and a plurality of tunnels, according to an embodiment of the disclosure; -
FIG. 11 is a schematic illustration of another embodiment of the well system with a lateral section and a plurality of tunnels, according to an embodiment of the disclosure; and -
FIG. 12 is a schematic illustration of another embodiment of the well system with a lateral section and a plurality of tunnels, according to an embodiment of the disclosure. - In the following description, numerous details are set forth to provide an understanding of some illustrative embodiments of the present disclosure. However, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that the system and/or methodology may be practiced without these details and that numerous variations or modifications from the described embodiments may be possible.
- The disclosure herein generally relates to a methodology and system for enhancing hydrocarbon fluid production. According to an embodiment, a well may be formed in a subterranean region by drilling a borehole, e.g. a wellbore, which has a lateral section. For example, the wellbore may be drilled from the surface along a generally vertical section and then turned laterally and drilled to form a lateral section in the subterranean region. In some applications, the lateral section may generally be a horizontal section although the horizontal section may have undulating, e.g. sinusoidal, or inclined/declined sections of wellbore.
- According to an embodiment of the methodology, the lateral section may be located at least in part in a non-productive zone of the subterranean region. The non-productive zone is a zone which contains limited amounts of hydrocarbon fluid or is less desirable with respect to production of hydrocarbon fluid. For example, the non-productive zone may be in a zone of the subterranean region which has a substantially higher minimum in situ stress in the rock compared to a desirable productive zone.
- To facilitate production, at least one tunnel is formed which intersects the lateral section and penetrates a productive zone containing hydrocarbon fluid. Often, a plurality of tunnels may be formed to extend from the lateral section outwardly into the productive zone. In some applications, the lateral section of the wellbore may be entirely outside of the productive zone and a plurality of tunnels may be formed in a desired direction, e.g. upwardly and/or downwardly, to reach the productive zone. In other applications, however, the lateral section of wellbore may extend into or through the productive zone.
- Once the tunnel or tunnels are formed, a well stimulation may be performed through the tunnel(s) to stimulate a desired stimulation zone or zones within the productive zone. The well stimulation may comprise a hydraulic fracturing of the stimulation zone or zones. Hydraulic fracturing may be achieved by pumping a fracturing fluid down through the wellbore and out through the tunnels to fracture the subterranean formation at the stimulation zones adjacent the tunnels. The fracturing of the stimulation zones within the productive zone enhances production of hydrocarbon fluid from the productive zone to the wellbore and ultimately to the surface.
- According to one type of embodiment, the lateral section of wellbore is drilled as a horizontal section of the well outside of a target zone, e.g. above or below the target zone. The target zone may be a productive zone of the subterranean region containing desired hydrocarbon fluid. In this example, more than two substantially vertical tunnels are formed to extend from the horizontal section so as to penetrate the target zone. A stimulation procedure is then performed through the vertical tunnels. Depending on the characteristics of the subterranean region, the horizontal section of the well may be landed in a nonproductive rock and/or in a region with petrophysical and geo-mechanical properties different from the properties of the target zone, e.g. a substantially higher minimum in situ stress relative to that of the target zone. It should be noted the substantially vertical tunnels may be used in certain types of formations, e.g. laminated formations, to facilitate flow of fluid to the tunnels even in the presence of pinch points between formation layers.
- If the stimulation procedure comprises a hydraulic fracturing procedure, the general methodology comprises initially drilling a borehole with a lateral section in a subterranean region. A plurality of tunnels may be formed so as to extend outwardly, e.g. upwardly and/or downwardly, from the lateral section. A fracturing fluid may then be pumped down through the borehole, into the lateral section, and out through the plurality of tunnels. The fracturing fluid is forced under pressure from the tunnels out into the surrounding subterranean region, e.g. into the surrounding oil bearing formation, to fracture the surrounding subterranean region. For example, the surrounding subterranean region/formation may be fractured at a plurality of stimulation zones within the overall productive zone or zones. It should be noted the fracturing fluid also may comprise propping agent for providing fracture conductivity after fracture closure. In certain embodiments, the fracturing fluid may comprise acid such as hydrochloric acid, acetic acid, citric acid, hydrofluoric acid, other acids, or mixtures thereof.
- Referring generally to
FIG. 1 , an embodiment of awell system 20 is illustrated as extending into asubterranean region 22. Thewell system 20 enables a methodology for enhancing recovery of hydrocarbon fluid, e.g. oil and/or gas, from a well. In this embodiment, aborehole 24, e.g. a wellbore, is drilled down into thesubterranean region 22 and includes alateral section 26. By way of example, thelateral section 26 may be generally horizontal although the horizontal section may comprise inclines, declines, and undulations formed intentionally or resulting from drilling through the rock ofsubterranean region 22. - At least one
tunnel 28 and often a plurality oftunnels 28 may be formed to intersect thelateral section 26. Thetunnels 28 provide fluid communication with an interior of thelateral section 26 to facilitate flow of the desired hydrocarbon fluid fromtunnels 28, intolateral section 26, and up throughwellbore 24 to, for example, asurface collection location 30. - The
tunnels 28 may be oriented in various directions depending on the material formingsubterranean region 22 and on the location of desired hydrocarbon fluids. In some embodiments, thetunnels 28 may be formed in a generally vertical orientation to extend upwardly fromlateral section 26 as illustrated inFIG. 1 . Thetunnels 28 also may be formed in a generally vertical orientation to extend downwardly fromlateral section 26, as illustrated inFIG. 2 . - In some
subterranean regions 22, the structure of the rock formation may create flow pinch points 32 (see upper left diagram inFIG. 1 and lower left diagram inFIG. 2 ). Theflow pinch points 32 effectively may be stacked above each other even after performance of a hydraulic fracturing operation. The substantially vertical orientation oftunnels 28 facilitates the flow of hydrocarbon fluid past these pinch points and into thetunnels 28 for delivery tolateral section 26. It should be noted other embodiments may utilizetunnels 28 extending in different directions and/or in multiple directions from thelateral section 26. - As further illustrated in
FIG. 2 , a stimulation operation may be performed viatunnels 28 to createstimulation zones 34 which facilitate flow of fluid into the correspondingtunnels 28. By way of example, hydraulic fracturing operations may be performed to fracture thesubterranean region 22, e.g. oil bearing formation, to facilitate flow of the desired fluid into the correspondingtunnels 28. If the stimulation operation is a hydraulic fracturing operation, fracturing fluid may be pumped from the surface, down throughwellbore 24, throughlateral section 26, intotunnels 28, and then into thestimulation zones 34 surrounding the correspondingtunnels 28. In some applications, a perforating operation may be performed intunnels 28 to facilitate fracturing of the desiredzones 34 insubterranean region 22. According to an embodiment, thetunnels 28/zones 34 may be fractured sequentially. For example, the fracturing operation may be performed through sequential groups oftunnels 28 or sequentially throughindividual tunnels 28 to cause sequential fracturing of thestimulation zones 34. - The
tunnels 28 may be formed via a variety of techniques, such as various drilling techniques. For example, drilling equipment may be deployed down intolateral section 26 and used to form the desired number oftunnels 28 in appropriate orientations for a given subterranean environment and production operation. However, thetunnels 28 also may be formed by other suitable techniques, such as jetting techniques, laser techniques, or other available tunnel formation techniques. - Depending on the parameters of the given subterranean environment and production operation, the
wellbore 24 may be completed with various types of equipment and procedures. By way of example, acasing 36 may be deployed along at least a portion of thewellbore 24, e.g. along a generallyvertical portion 38 ofwellbore 24. However, thecasing 36 also may be deployed along lateral, e.g. horizontal,section 26 which may be completed as a cased or open hole section. A cementing procedure may then be performed to place acement 40 along thecasing 36. Other completion equipment may comprise various sand screen assemblies, packers, sleeves, control valves, and other suitable equipment to facilitate stimulation and/or production. - In the illustrated example, the completion equipment comprises a plurality of
packers 42, e.g. open hole packers, deployed alonglateral section 26. Additionally,flow control devices 44, e.g. frac sleeves, may be positioned to enable selective control of flow betweenindividual tunnels 28 and the interior oflateral section 26. Many other types of equipment may be used to control flow and to facilitate aspects of the injection and/or production operations. - Referring generally to
FIGS. 3-5 , different configurations ofwellbore 24 are illustrated as havinglateral section 26 disposed in slightly different orientations and configurations. Depending on the configuration oflateral section 26, the movement of hydrocarbon fluid and thus the efficiency of production may be affected. However, the formation oftunnels 28 andstimulation zones 34 facilitate improved and more efficient hydrocarbon production with several types of configurations oflateral section 26. - In the example illustrated in
FIG. 3 , the well andwell system 20 may demonstrate a “slugging” behavior due to the undulating or serpentine configuration oflateral section 26. The “sinusoidality” oflateral section 26 may lead to repetitive accumulation ofliquid 46, e.g. oil, in lower portions of the lateral/horizontal section 26. The portions ofliquid 46 may be separated bygas 48 disposed between portions ofliquid 46. Such a configuration could lead to decreased production performance, but the formation oftunnels 28 andstimulation zones 34 enhance the production capability. It should be noted theoil 46 and/orgas 48 may be the desired hydrocarbon fluid produced to surfacelocation 30. - In some applications, the liquid unloading efficiency of the
wellbore 24 may be improved by reducing or eliminating the wellbore “sinusoidality” by drilling thelateral section 26 at a slight decline such that liquid/oil 46 collects in atoe 50 of thelateral section 26, as illustrated inFIG. 4 . Similarly, the liquid unloading efficiency may be improved by drilling the lateral section at a slight incline such that the liquid/oil 46 collects in aheel 52 of thelateral section 26, as illustrated inFIG. 5 . Regardless of the specific configuration oflateral section 26, thetunnels 28 may be formed to facilitate production when thelateral section 26 is located in a productive zone, partially in a productive zone, or outside of a productive zone containing the desiredhydrocarbon 46/48. Stimulation ofzones 34, e.g. fracturing ofzones 34, also may be used to facilitate production by increasing the flow of hydrocarbon fluid intotunnels 28 and thus intolateral section 26. - Referring generally to
FIGS. 6-9 , various wellbore geometries are illustrated to facilitate production of a hydrocarbon fluid, e.g. oil and/or gas, from aproductive zone 54 insubterranean region 22. In the embodiment illustrated inFIG. 6 , thelateral section 26 ofwellbore 24 is drilled generally horizontally but with an incline such that thetoe 50 is higher than theheel 52 similar to the configuration illustrated inFIG. 5 . As illustrated, the plurality oftunnels 28 may be constructed to intersectlateral section 26 and to extend downwardly such that thetunnels 28 penetrate theproductive zone 54. For example, thetunnels 28 may extend into or through theproductive zone 54. - For some types of
subterranean regions 22, thetunnels 28 may be oriented generally vertically and may extend at least partially through a nonproductive zone orzones 56 as well asproductive zone 54. In this particular example, thelateral section 26 may be located entirely in anonproductive zone 56. Thetunnels 28 are formed, e.g. drilled, fromlateral section 26, through the initialnonproductive zone 56, and into theproductive zone 54 to facilitate production of the desired hydrocarbon fluid. Within theproductive zone 54, stimulation treatments may be performed through thetunnels 28 to create thestimulation zones 34. With a hydraulic fracturing treatment, for example, fracturing fluid may be pumped down throughwellbore 24, throughlateral section 26, throughtunnels 28, and into the surrounding formation ofproductive zone 54 to create stimulated/hydraulically fracturedzones 34. - In another embodiment, the wellbore geometry may be selected such that a similarly inclined
lateral section 26 ofwellbore 24 extends through theproductive zone 54, as illustrated inFIG. 7 . In this type of embodiment, thetunnels 28 may be appropriately oriented in the downward direction and upward direction as illustrated, such that they penetrate theproductive zone 54. Thetunnels 28 may again be used to form thestimulation zones 34 so as to facilitate enhanced production ofhydrocarbon fluids 46/48 from theproductive zone 54. - According to the embodiment illustrated in
FIG. 8 , thelateral section 26 ofwellbore 24 may be drilled generally horizontally but with a decline such that thetoe 50 is lower than theheel 52 similar to the configuration illustrated inFIG. 4 . As illustrated, the plurality oftunnels 28 may be constructed to intersectlateral section 26 and to extend downwardly such that thetunnels 28 penetrate theproductive zone 54, e.g. extend into or through theproductive zone 54. In this example, thelateral section 26 may again be located entirely in anonproductive zone 56. Thetunnels 28 may be formed, e.g. drilled, fromlateral section 26, through the initialnonproductive zone 56, and into theproductive zone 54 to facilitate production of the desired hydrocarbon fluid. Stimulation treatments may be performed through thetunnels 28 to create thestimulation zones 34 withinproductive zone 54. - In another embodiment, the wellbore geometry may be selected such that a similarly declined
lateral section 26 ofwellbore 24 extends through theproductive zone 54, as illustrated inFIG. 9 . In this type of embodiment, thetunnels 28 may be appropriately oriented in the downward direction and upward direction, as illustrated, such that they penetrate theproductive zone 54. Thetunnels 28 may again be used to form thestimulation zones 34 so as to facilitate enhanced production ofhydrocarbon fluids 46/48 from theproductive zone 54. - The particular geometry of
wellbore 24 andlateral section 26, as well as the number and orientation oftunnels 28, may be selected according to various considerations. For example, the geometry may be based on considerations of flow performance of the wellbore, e.g. flow performance inproductive zone 54, and on the accessibility of theproductive zone 54 via, for example,tunnels 28. Additionally, a variety of stimulation techniques other than or in addition to hydraulic fracturing may be used viatunnels 28 to createstimulation zones 34. Examples of such other stimulation techniques include matrix acidizing, acid fracturing, propellant treatment, injection of chelating agents, or other suitable stimulation techniques. Thelateral section 26 as well as other portions ofwellbore 24 may be formed within, through, or outside of theproductive zone 54. - Referring generally to
FIGS. 10 and 11 , additional examples of wellbore geometries are illustrated. These wellbore geometries are able to similarly facilitate production of a hydrocarbon fluid, e.g. oil and/or gas, fromproductive zone 54 insubterranean region 22. In the embodiment illustrated inFIG. 10 , thelateral section 26 ofwellbore 24 is drilled generally horizontally but with an undulating configuration to follow a certain formation layer. The sinusoidallateral section 26 may be oriented at a general incline, as illustrated, or a general decline. Similar to other embodiments, the plurality oftunnels 28 may be constructed to intersectlateral section 26 and to extend downwardly such that thetunnels 28 penetrate theproductive zone 54. - For example, the
tunnels 28 may extend into or through theproductive zone 54. For some types ofsubterranean region 22, thetunnels 28 may be oriented generally vertically and may extend at least partially through a nonproductive zone orzones 56 as well asproductive zone 54. Thelateral section 26 may be located entirely in anonproductive zone 56, as illustrated, or thelateral section 26 ofwellbore 24 may enter theproductive zone 54. Thetunnels 28 may be formed, e.g. drilled, fromlateral section 26, through the initialnonproductive zone 56, and into theproductive zone 54. Within theproductive zone 54, stimulation treatments may be performed through thetunnels 28 to create thestimulation zones 34 as with other embodiments described herein. - In another embodiment,
lateral section 26 may be disposed in anonproductive zone 56 below theproductive zone 54, as illustrated inFIG. 11 . With this type of wellbore geometry, thetunnels 28 again intersect thelateral section 26 but extend generally upwardly to penetrate theproductive zone 54. For example, thetunnels 28 may be formed to terminate within theproductive zone 54 or to extend through theproductive zone 54 as with other embodiments described herein. - Referring generally to
FIG. 12 , another embodiment is illustrated in which thelateral section 26 is disposed between twoproductive zones 54. Thelateral section 26 may follow a desired formation layer, as illustrated, or may have other substantially horizontal configurations. In this example, thetunnels 28 may be formed in a substantially vertical orientation extending both upwardly into the firstproductive zone 54 and downwardly into the secondproductive zone 54. As with other embodiments,stimulation zones 34 may be formed to facilitate hydrocarbon production, and thosestimulation zones 34 may be located in bothproductive zones 54. - The
lateral section 26 may be drilled inproductive zone 54 and/ornon-productive zone 56. The specific configuration of thewellbore 24 and the location oflateral section 26 in one or moreproductive zones 54 andnon-productive zones 56 may depend on the type of environment found insubterranean region 22. For example, thelateral section 26 ofwellbore 24 may be landed in zones having properties which minimize the likelihood of creating hydraulic fractures in those zones. - In such an embodiment, the
lateral section 26 may be landed in anon-productive zone 56 having, for example, a higher minimum in situ stress than theproductive zone 54. Thelateral section 26 also may be landed in anon-productive zone 56 which has a higher density of natural fractures which, when hydraulically fractured, conform initially complex fracture networks having low fracture width. In this latter type of fracture network, propagation of the fracture network can be stopped via bridging solid particles in created fractures. However, the use oftunnels 28 obviates this type of problem by ensuring fracturing occurs in the desiredproductive zone 54. By way of further example, thelateral section 26 may be landed in anon-productive zone 56 which has high poroelasticity or pseudo-poroelasticity. - Wellbore landings in which the
lateral section 26 is placed in one of these types ofnon-productive zones 56 may be especially beneficial in open-hole completions. In such applications, thetunnels 28 may be formed to extend from the open holelateral section 26; andopen hole packers 42 may be used to provide isolation between various wellbore zones. If thelateral section 26 is placed in anon-productive zone 56 with relatively higher stress, theproductive zone 54 may be fractured or otherwise stimulated through thetunnels 28—thus minimizing the likelihood of creating fractures extending from the open hole portion of thelateral section 26 but not connected totunnels 28. - Placement of the
lateral section 26 in suchnon-productive zones 56 also may be used to facilitate acidizing treatments and other chemical treatments. For example,lateral section 26 may be located in a zone which is not reactive to the pumped chemical agents. However,tunnels 28 may be used to enable transfer of the chemical agents to the desired zone, e.g.productive zone 54. - Because of the characteristics of many
subterranean regions 22, the production of hydrocarbon fluids fromproductive zones 54 may be increased greatly by utilizing a substantially horizontallateral section 26 and substantiallyvertical tunnels 28. For example, the rock in a givensubterranean region 22 may be layered to effectively create a laminated formation and such a formation can create stackedpinch points 32 which restrict flow if fracturing is performed from a horizontal section of the wellbore. Accordingly, the use of wellbore geometries having a substantially horizontallateral section 26 and substantially vertical tunnels 28 (with appropriate stimulated regions 34) can substantially reduce the impact of pinch points and enhance production ofhydrocarbon fluids wellbore 24. - It should be noted, however, the orientation of the
lateral section 26 and thetunnels 28 may be changed to accommodate different types of formations, environmental conditions, and production equipment. For example, references to substantiallyvertical tunnels 28, extending upwardly or downwardly, may be considered astunnels 28 oriented at an angle less than 45° from vertical. In some embodiments,tunnels 28 are oriented at an angle less than 20° from vertical. However, thetunnels 28 may be formed with other orientations and configurations, e.g. various serpentine configurations, lateral orientations, or other configurations and orientations suited for the parameters of a given application. Similarly, references to substantially horizontallateral section 26 may be considered lateral sections inclined/declined less than 45° from horizontal. In some embodiments, the substantially horizontallateral section 26 is inclined/declined less than 20° from horizontal. However,lateral section 26 may be formed at other angles and with other configurations selected according to the parameters of a given environment and operation. - The wellbore geometries described herein also may be used to reduce the amount of sand and material used in a variety of fracturing operations while still enhancing production of the desired hydrocarbon fluids. In various geographies worldwide, records indicate that approximately 2000 wells, including those of the Barnett Shale reservoir, were arranged vertically and stimulated with approximately 100,000-500,000 pounds of sand and approximately 5000-20,000 bbls of fluid, e.g. water. In new horizontal wells, stimulation occurred in 5-10 stages with approximately 100,000-500,000 pounds of sand and approximately 5000-20,000 bbls of fluid per stage. These volumes of sand and water would be sufficient for stimulation of 5-10 vertical wells which would result in a 5 to 10 times production increase for the same amount of sand and fluid.
- From the statistical data, however, we see that using these volumes for stimulating horizontal wells actually provides approximately a two-fold production increase. This effectively translates to an approximately 2.5-5 times decrease in production per pound of sand and bbl of fluid pumped for horizontal wells compared to vertical wells. Possible explanations of lower stimulation efficiency with respect to horizontal wells may relate to conversion of flow in a near wellbore zone or loss of connectivity of created fractures or portions of fractures with the wellbore as a result of, for example, pinch-pointing in laminated formations.
- There also may be connectivity loss between created fractures and the wellbore as a result of near wellbore complexity or over flushing of the near wellbore zone during the fracturing treatment or other treatments. The wellbore geometries described herein increase efficiency with respect to use of sand and fluid by employing substantially
vertical tunnels 28 in combination with a substantially horizontallateral section 26. The substantiallyvertical tunnels 28 enhance production from one or moreproductive zones 54 while limiting the inefficient use of sand/proppant associated with hydraulic fracturing from horizontal wellbores. - Depending on the parameters of a given application, the wellbore geometries described herein may be adjusted according to the type, size, orientation, and other features of the productive zone or
zones 54. Additionally, the location of thelateral section 26 as well as thetunnels 28 may be affected by the type ofnon-productive zones 56 adjacent the productive zone(s) 54 containing desired hydrocarbon fluids. Similarly, many different types of equipment, e.g. packers, valves, sleeves, sand screens, and/or other types of equipment may be used in completing thelateral section 26 as well as theoverall wellbore 24. Various sections of thewellbore 24, including thelateral section 26, may be cased or open-hole depending on the parameters of the specific application. - Although a few embodiments of the system and methodology have been described in detail above, those of ordinary skill in the art will readily appreciate that many modifications are possible without materially departing from the teachings of this disclosure. Accordingly, such modifications are intended to be included within the scope of this disclosure as defined in the claims.
Claims (20)
1. A method for enhancing hydrocarbon fluid production, comprising:
defining a productive zone from which hydrocarbon fluid is to be produced;
drilling a borehole with a lateral section of the borehole positioned at least partially outside the productive zone;
forming a tunnel which extends from the lateral section and penetrates the productive zone; and
using the tunnel to stimulate at least a portion of the productive zone to promote production of hydrocarbon fluid from the productive zone through the tunnel and into the lateral section.
2. The method for enhancing hydrocarbon fluid production as recited in claim 1 , further comprising producing the hydrocarbon fluid from the lateral section up to a surface collection location.
3. The method for enhancing hydrocarbon fluid production as recited in claim 1 , further comprising casing at least a portion of the borehole.
4. The method for enhancing hydrocarbon fluid production as recited in claim 1 , wherein forming comprises forming a plurality of the tunnels extending from the lateral section.
5. The method for enhancing hydrocarbon fluid production as recited in claim 4 , wherein drilling comprises orienting the lateral section substantially horizontally and orienting tunnels of the plurality of tunnels substantially vertically.
6. The method for enhancing hydrocarbon fluid production as recited in claim 4 , wherein stimulating comprises using the plurality of tunnels to fracture a plurality of stimulation zones within the productive zone.
7. The method for enhancing hydrocarbon fluid production as recited in claim 1 , wherein drilling comprises locating the lateral section in a subterranean region having a minimum in situ stress higher than the productive zone.
8. The method for enhancing hydrocarbon fluid production as recited in claim 1 , wherein drilling comprises locating the lateral section between the productive zone and a second productive zone; wherein forming comprises providing at least one tunnel penetrating the productive zone and at least one tunnel penetrating the second productive zone.
9. The method for enhancing hydrocarbon fluid production as recited in claim 1 , further comprising completing the horizontal section with a plurality of open hole packers.
10. The method for enhancing hydrocarbon fluid production as recited in claim 9 , further comprising completing the horizontal section with a plurality of flow control devices.
11. A method, comprising:
drilling a borehole with a substantially horizontal lateral section in a subterranean region;
forming a plurality of tunnels which extend outwardly from the substantially horizontal lateral section; and
pumping a fracturing fluid through the borehole, into the substantially horizontal lateral section, and out through the plurality of tunnels to fracture the subterranean region at a plurality of stimulation zones within at least one productive zone.
12. The method as recited in claim 11 , wherein drilling comprises locating the substantially horizontal lateral section above the at least one productive zone and wherein forming comprises forming the plurality of tunnels in a downward direction from the substantially horizontal lateral section.
13. The method as recited in claim 11 , wherein drilling comprises locating the substantially horizontal lateral section below the at least one productive zone and wherein forming comprises forming the plurality of tunnels in an upward direction from the substantially horizontal lateral section.
14. The method as recited in claim 11 , wherein forming comprises forming the tunnels in a plurality of different directions to penetrate a plurality of productive zones.
15. The method as recited in claim 11 , wherein pumping comprises pumping the fracturing fluid through sequential tunnels of the plurality of tunnels to cause sequential fracturing of stimulation zones.
16. The method as recited in claim 15 , further comprising completing the substantially horizontal lateral section with a plurality of open hole packers and a plurality of frac sleeves.
17. The method as recited in claim 11 , wherein drilling comprises locating the substantially horizontal lateral section through the productive zone.
18. A method, comprising:
drilling a borehole with a lateral section in a substantially horizontal orientation;
locating at least a portion of the lateral section in a non-productive zone;
forming tunnels which intersect the lateral section and extend substantially vertically to penetrate a productive zone containing hydrocarbon fluid; and
using the tunnels to stimulate zones within the productive zone.
19. The method as recited in claim 18 , further comprising producing the hydrocarbon fluid from the productive zone to a surface location.
20. The method as recited in claim 18 , wherein locating comprises locating the lateral section entirely in the non-productive zone.
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US16/332,433 US20210102453A1 (en) | 2016-09-12 | 2017-09-12 | Wellbore landing methods for reservoir stimulation |
PCT/US2017/051078 WO2018049368A1 (en) | 2016-09-12 | 2017-09-12 | Wellbore landing methods for reservoir stimulation |
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WO2016138005A1 (en) | 2015-02-27 | 2016-09-01 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Vertical drilling and fracturing methodology |
US11840909B2 (en) | 2016-09-12 | 2023-12-12 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Attaining access to compromised fractured production regions at an oilfield |
CN110352287A (en) | 2017-01-04 | 2019-10-18 | 斯伦贝谢技术有限公司 | The reservoir stimulation of hydraulic fracturing is carried out including the channel by extending |
WO2019014161A1 (en) | 2017-07-10 | 2019-01-17 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Controlled release of hose |
WO2019014160A1 (en) | 2017-07-10 | 2019-01-17 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Radial drilling link transmission and flex shaft protective cover |
US11193332B2 (en) | 2018-09-13 | 2021-12-07 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Slider compensated flexible shaft drilling system |
CN110424945B (en) * | 2019-08-01 | 2022-12-13 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司大港油田分公司 | Shale oil horizontal well deployment method and device |
US11634978B2 (en) * | 2020-02-18 | 2023-04-25 | Canatech Management Services Inc. | Methods for recovering a mineral from a mineral-bearing deposit |
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US6662874B2 (en) * | 2001-09-28 | 2003-12-16 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | System and method for fracturing a subterranean well formation for improving hydrocarbon production |
US7225869B2 (en) * | 2004-03-24 | 2007-06-05 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Methods of isolating hydrajet stimulated zones |
BRPI0809458A2 (en) * | 2007-03-28 | 2014-09-09 | Shell Int Research | PUMP HOLE SYSTEM, AND METHODS FOR COMPLETING A DRILL HOLE FORMED IN A GEOLOGICAL FORMATION AND A PUMP HOLE SYSTEM |
US20110061869A1 (en) * | 2009-09-14 | 2011-03-17 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Formation of Fractures Within Horizontal Well |
US10309205B2 (en) * | 2011-08-05 | 2019-06-04 | Coiled Tubing Specialties, Llc | Method of forming lateral boreholes from a parent wellbore |
GB2522145A (en) * | 2012-10-04 | 2015-07-15 | Nexen Energy Ulc | Improved hydraulic fracturing process for deviated wellbores |
WO2016138005A1 (en) * | 2015-02-27 | 2016-09-01 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Vertical drilling and fracturing methodology |
CA3036222A1 (en) * | 2016-09-09 | 2018-03-15 | Schlumberger Canada Limited | Drilling and stimulating of subterranean formation |
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