US20210067166A1 - Multiphase injection locked sub-sampling phase locked loop (pll) circuit - Google Patents
Multiphase injection locked sub-sampling phase locked loop (pll) circuit Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K3/00—Circuits for generating electric pulses; Monostable, bistable or multistable circuits
- H03K3/01—Details
- H03K3/012—Modifications of generator to improve response time or to decrease power consumption
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K3/00—Circuits for generating electric pulses; Monostable, bistable or multistable circuits
- H03K3/02—Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses
- H03K3/027—Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses by the use of logic circuits, with internal or external positive feedback
- H03K3/03—Astable circuits
- H03K3/0315—Ring oscillators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03L—AUTOMATIC CONTROL, STARTING, SYNCHRONISATION OR STABILISATION OF GENERATORS OF ELECTRONIC OSCILLATIONS OR PULSES
- H03L7/00—Automatic control of frequency or phase; Synchronisation
- H03L7/06—Automatic control of frequency or phase; Synchronisation using a reference signal applied to a frequency- or phase-locked loop
- H03L7/08—Details of the phase-locked loop
- H03L7/0805—Details of the phase-locked loop the loop being adapted to provide an additional control signal for use outside the loop
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K3/00—Circuits for generating electric pulses; Monostable, bistable or multistable circuits
- H03K3/02—Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses
- H03K3/023—Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses by the use of differential amplifiers or comparators, with internal or external positive feedback
- H03K3/0231—Astable circuits
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K3/00—Circuits for generating electric pulses; Monostable, bistable or multistable circuits
- H03K3/02—Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses
- H03K3/027—Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses by the use of logic circuits, with internal or external positive feedback
- H03K3/03—Astable circuits
- H03K3/0315—Ring oscillators
- H03K3/0322—Ring oscillators with differential cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03L—AUTOMATIC CONTROL, STARTING, SYNCHRONISATION OR STABILISATION OF GENERATORS OF ELECTRONIC OSCILLATIONS OR PULSES
- H03L3/00—Starting of generators
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- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03L—AUTOMATIC CONTROL, STARTING, SYNCHRONISATION OR STABILISATION OF GENERATORS OF ELECTRONIC OSCILLATIONS OR PULSES
- H03L7/00—Automatic control of frequency or phase; Synchronisation
- H03L7/06—Automatic control of frequency or phase; Synchronisation using a reference signal applied to a frequency- or phase-locked loop
- H03L7/08—Details of the phase-locked loop
- H03L7/099—Details of the phase-locked loop concerning mainly the controlled oscillator of the loop
- H03L7/0995—Details of the phase-locked loop concerning mainly the controlled oscillator of the loop the oscillator comprising a ring oscillator
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03L—AUTOMATIC CONTROL, STARTING, SYNCHRONISATION OR STABILISATION OF GENERATORS OF ELECTRONIC OSCILLATIONS OR PULSES
- H03L7/00—Automatic control of frequency or phase; Synchronisation
- H03L7/06—Automatic control of frequency or phase; Synchronisation using a reference signal applied to a frequency- or phase-locked loop
- H03L7/16—Indirect frequency synthesis, i.e. generating a desired one of a number of predetermined frequencies using a frequency- or phase-locked loop
- H03L7/18—Indirect frequency synthesis, i.e. generating a desired one of a number of predetermined frequencies using a frequency- or phase-locked loop using a frequency divider or counter in the loop
- H03L7/197—Indirect frequency synthesis, i.e. generating a desired one of a number of predetermined frequencies using a frequency- or phase-locked loop using a frequency divider or counter in the loop a time difference being used for locking the loop, the counter counting between numbers which are variable in time or the frequency divider dividing by a factor variable in time, e.g. for obtaining fractional frequency division
- H03L7/1974—Indirect frequency synthesis, i.e. generating a desired one of a number of predetermined frequencies using a frequency- or phase-locked loop using a frequency divider or counter in the loop a time difference being used for locking the loop, the counter counting between numbers which are variable in time or the frequency divider dividing by a factor variable in time, e.g. for obtaining fractional frequency division for fractional frequency division
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03L—AUTOMATIC CONTROL, STARTING, SYNCHRONISATION OR STABILISATION OF GENERATORS OF ELECTRONIC OSCILLATIONS OR PULSES
- H03L7/00—Automatic control of frequency or phase; Synchronisation
- H03L7/06—Automatic control of frequency or phase; Synchronisation using a reference signal applied to a frequency- or phase-locked loop
- H03L7/16—Indirect frequency synthesis, i.e. generating a desired one of a number of predetermined frequencies using a frequency- or phase-locked loop
- H03L7/22—Indirect frequency synthesis, i.e. generating a desired one of a number of predetermined frequencies using a frequency- or phase-locked loop using more than one loop
- H03L7/23—Indirect frequency synthesis, i.e. generating a desired one of a number of predetermined frequencies using a frequency- or phase-locked loop using more than one loop with pulse counters or frequency dividers
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- H03L—AUTOMATIC CONTROL, STARTING, SYNCHRONISATION OR STABILISATION OF GENERATORS OF ELECTRONIC OSCILLATIONS OR PULSES
- H03L7/00—Automatic control of frequency or phase; Synchronisation
- H03L7/24—Automatic control of frequency or phase; Synchronisation using a reference signal directly applied to the generator
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
- H04B1/06—Receivers
- H04B1/16—Circuits
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L7/00—Arrangements for synchronising receiver with transmitter
- H04L7/02—Speed or phase control by the received code signals, the signals containing no special synchronisation information
- H04L7/033—Speed or phase control by the received code signals, the signals containing no special synchronisation information using the transitions of the received signal to control the phase of the synchronising-signal-generating means, e.g. using a phase-locked loop
- H04L7/0331—Speed or phase control by the received code signals, the signals containing no special synchronisation information using the transitions of the received signal to control the phase of the synchronising-signal-generating means, e.g. using a phase-locked loop with a digital phase-locked loop [PLL] processing binary samples, e.g. add/subtract logic for correction of receiver clock
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H03B—GENERATION OF OSCILLATIONS, DIRECTLY OR BY FREQUENCY-CHANGING, BY CIRCUITS EMPLOYING ACTIVE ELEMENTS WHICH OPERATE IN A NON-SWITCHING MANNER; GENERATION OF NOISE BY SUCH CIRCUITS
- H03B2200/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of oscillators covered by H03B
- H03B2200/006—Functional aspects of oscillators
- H03B2200/0094—Measures to ensure starting of oscillations
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03L—AUTOMATIC CONTROL, STARTING, SYNCHRONISATION OR STABILISATION OF GENERATORS OF ELECTRONIC OSCILLATIONS OR PULSES
- H03L7/00—Automatic control of frequency or phase; Synchronisation
- H03L7/06—Automatic control of frequency or phase; Synchronisation using a reference signal applied to a frequency- or phase-locked loop
- H03L7/16—Indirect frequency synthesis, i.e. generating a desired one of a number of predetermined frequencies using a frequency- or phase-locked loop
- H03L7/18—Indirect frequency synthesis, i.e. generating a desired one of a number of predetermined frequencies using a frequency- or phase-locked loop using a frequency divider or counter in the loop
- H03L7/197—Indirect frequency synthesis, i.e. generating a desired one of a number of predetermined frequencies using a frequency- or phase-locked loop using a frequency divider or counter in the loop a time difference being used for locking the loop, the counter counting between numbers which are variable in time or the frequency divider dividing by a factor variable in time, e.g. for obtaining fractional frequency division
- H03L7/1974—Indirect frequency synthesis, i.e. generating a desired one of a number of predetermined frequencies using a frequency- or phase-locked loop using a frequency divider or counter in the loop a time difference being used for locking the loop, the counter counting between numbers which are variable in time or the frequency divider dividing by a factor variable in time, e.g. for obtaining fractional frequency division for fractional frequency division
- H03L7/1976—Indirect frequency synthesis, i.e. generating a desired one of a number of predetermined frequencies using a frequency- or phase-locked loop using a frequency divider or counter in the loop a time difference being used for locking the loop, the counter counting between numbers which are variable in time or the frequency divider dividing by a factor variable in time, e.g. for obtaining fractional frequency division for fractional frequency division using a phase accumulator for controlling the counter or frequency divider
Definitions
- the present disclosure generally relates to a wireless communication system.
- the present disclosure relates to a multiphase injection locked sub-sampling phase locked loop (PLL) circuit.
- PLL phase locked loop
- a typical injection locked phase-locked loop (PLL) for an LO IQ multiplier includes a pulse generation block that injects a pulse once (1 ⁇ at rising edge), at one stage output of a ring oscillator. An injection action is achieved via shorting the switch by a signal. With increased injection, the phase noise improves.
- a PLL has components/circuits including a reference clock, a phase detector, a charge pump, a loop filter, a voltage controlled oscillator (VCO), multiple buffers that contribute to the total phase noise.
- VCO voltage controlled oscillator
- a system includes a shared fractional-N phase-lock loop (PLL), a ring oscillator circuit (OSC), and a multiphase injection pulse generator configured to receive an input signal having a first frequency from the shared fraction-N PLL and generate injection pulses for the OSC based on the input signal.
- PLL phase-lock loop
- OSC ring oscillator circuit
- multiphase injection pulse generator configured to receive an input signal having a first frequency from the shared fraction-N PLL and generate injection pulses for the OSC based on the input signal.
- a method includes generating, by a shared fractional-N PLL an input signal having a first frequency, receiving, by a multiphase injection pulse generator, the input signal having the first frequency, and generating, by the multiphase injection pulse generator, injection pulses for a OSC based on the received input signal.
- an electronic device includes at least one receiver, a shared fractional-N PLL, an OSC, a multiphase injection pulse generator, and a processor configured to receive, from the shared fractional-N PLL, an input signal having a first frequency and generate, by the multiphase injection pulse generator, injection pulses for the OSC based on the input signal.
- FIG. 1 illustrates a diagram of an injection locked PLL based LO IQ multiplier, according to an embodiment
- FIG. 2 illustrates a diagram of a ring oscillator, according to an embodiment
- FIG. 3 illustrates a diagram of a multiphase injection locked PLL based LO IQ multiplier, according to an embodiment
- FIG. 4 illustrates a graph of phase noise, according to an embodiment
- FIG. 5 illustrates a diagram of a sub-integer multiphase injection locked PLL based LO IQ multiple for a transceiver, according to an embodiment
- FIG. 6 illustrates another diagram of a multiphase injection locked PLL based LOIQ multiplier, according to an embodiment
- FIG. 7 illustrates a graph of control voltage and injections
- FIG. 8 illustrates a graph of 1 ⁇ injection, according to an embodiment
- FIG. 9 illustrates a graph of 2 ⁇ injection, according to an embodiment
- FIG. 10 illustrates a graph of 4 ⁇ injection and multiplication by 3 ⁇ 4, according to an embodiment
- FIG. 11 illustrates a graph of 4 ⁇ injection and multiplication by 5/4, according to an embodiment
- FIG. 12 illustrates a graph of 8 ⁇ injection and multiplication by 5 ⁇ 8, according to an embodiment
- FIG. 13 illustrates a graph of 8 ⁇ injection and multiplication by 7 ⁇ 8, according to an embodiment
- FIG. 14 illustrates a graph of 8 ⁇ injection and multiplication by 9/8, according to an embodiment
- FIG. 15 illustrates a graph of 8 ⁇ injection and multiplication by 11/8, according to an embodiment
- FIG. 16 illustrates a diagram of an injection locking sequence, according to an embodiment
- FIG. 17 illustrates a diagram of a global pulse generator, according to an embodiment
- FIG. 18 illustrates a block diagram of an electronic device in a network environment, according to one embodiment.
- first, second, etc. may be used for describing various elements, the structural elements are not restricted by the terms. The terms are only used to distinguish one element from another element. For example, without departing from the scope of the present disclosure, a first structural element may be referred to as a second structural element. Similarly, the second structural element may also be referred to as the first structural element. As used herein, the term “and/or” includes any and all combinations of one or more associated items.
- the electronic device may be one of various types of electronic devices.
- the electronic devices may include, for example, a portable communication device (e.g., a smart phone), a computer, a portable multimedia device, a portable medical device, a camera, a wearable device, or a home appliance.
- a portable communication device e.g., a smart phone
- a computer e.g., a laptop, a desktop, a tablet, or a portable multimedia device
- portable medical device e.g., a portable medical device
- camera e.g., a camera
- a wearable device e.g., a smart bracelet
- terms such as “1 st ,” “2nd,” “first,” and “second” may be used to distinguish a corresponding component from another component, but are not intended to limit the components in other aspects (e.g., importance or order). It is intended that if an element (e.g., a first element) is referred to, with or without the term “operatively” or “communicatively”, as “coupled with,” “coupled to,” “connected with,” or “connected to” another element (e.g., a second element), it indicates that the element may be coupled with the other element directly (e.g., wired), wirelessly, or via a third element.
- module may include a unit implemented in hardware, software, or firmware, and may interchangeably be used with other terms, for example, “logic,” “logic block,” “part,” and “circuitry.”
- a module may be a single integral component, or a minimum unit or part thereof, adapted to perform one or more functions.
- a module may be implemented in a form of an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC).
- ASIC application-specific integrated circuit
- the present disclosure provides a system and method to generate local oscillator (LO) in-phase/quadrature (IQ) signals for wireless receivers while providing program ability to avoid spur and pulling issues.
- LO local oscillator
- IQ in-phase/quadrature
- FIG. 1 illustrates a diagram of an injection locked PLL based LO IQ multiplier, according to an embodiment.
- An injection locked PLL based LO IQ multiplier 100 includes a shared fractional-N PLL 102 and an injection locked PLL 101 .
- the injection locked PLL lxx includes an injection pulse generator 104 , and PFD-CP 108 , a low pass filter (LPF) 110 , a ring oscillator (OSC) 112 and a feedback divider (DivN) 114 .
- the injection pulse generation block 104 injects a pulse once (2 ⁇ at the rising edge) at one stage output of the OSC 112 .
- a PLL is a control system that generates an output signal whose phase is related to the phase of an input signal.
- the simplest is an electronic circuit consisting of a variable frequency oscillator and a phase detector in a feedback loop.
- the oscillator generates a periodic signal
- the phase detector compares the phase of that signal with the phase of the input periodic signal, adjusting the oscillator to keep the phases matched.
- FIG. 2 illustrates a diagram of a differential ring oscillator 200 , according to an embodiment.
- a differential OSC 200 includes a first differential stage 201 , a second differential stage 202 , a third differential stage 204 and a fourth differential stage 206 .
- the injection action is achieved by shorting the switch 208 by a signal Vinj 1 .
- FIG. 3 illustrates a diagram of a multiphase injection locked PLL based LO IQ, according to an embodiment.
- the multiphase injection locked PLL based LO IQ may be high bandwidth. With increased injection, the phase noise may be improved.
- a multiphase injection locked PLL 300 includes a shared fractional-N PLL 302 and a multiphase injection locked PLL 303 .
- the multiphase injection locked PLL 303 includes a multiphase injection pulse generator 304 , a sub-sampling phase detector (SSPD) 306 , an LPF 308 and an OSC 310 .
- SSPD sub-sampling phase detector
- OSC 310 OSC 310
- the injection rate can be doubled at both the rising edge crossover and the falling edge crossover.
- the injection can be performed at each stage of the OSC 310 (i.e., 8 ⁇ injections).
- FIG. 4 illustrates a graph of phase noise, according to an embodiment. As shown in graph 400 , the phase noise improves as the number of injections increases.
- FIG. 5 illustrates a diagram of a sub-integer multiphase injection locked PLL based LO IQ for a transceiver, according to an embodiment.
- a transceiver 500 includes a shared fractional-N PLL 502 and multiple receivers RX1 504 , RX2 506 to RXN 508 and multiple LOIQ blocks 510 , 512 to 514 .
- the transceiver 500 may be a transceiver used for any wireless technology, including cellular technology (e.g., 4 th generation (4G), 5 th generation (5G)), and Wi-Fi.
- Each LOIQ block (e.g., 510 a ) includes a multiphase injection pulse generator 516 , and a SSPD 518 , a LPF 520 and an OSC 522 .
- Each receiver (e.g., 504 a ) receives I and Q signals from each LOIQ block and processes the I and Q signals in a mixer 524 to mix the I/Q signals with the RF signal that is amplified by the LNA to downconvert the RF signal to an intermediate frequency that is further processed with an analog base band (ABB) signal 526 and an analog to digital converter (ADC) 528 to produce a signal which is run through a low noise amplifier 530 and the RF signal is produced.
- Table 1 shows supported LO frequency (Flo) and corresponding standards (e.g., sub-6 GHz New Radio (NR), ultra high band (UHB), and License Assisted Access (LAA)).
- NR sub-6 GHz New Radio
- UHB ultra high band
- LAA License Assisted Access
- FIG. 6 illustrates another diagram of a multiphase injection locked PLL based LOIQ multiplier, according to an embodiment.
- a multiphase injection locked PLL based LOIQ multiplier 600 includes a fractional-N PLL 601 and a multiphase injection locked PLL 603 .
- the multiphase injection locked PLL 603 includes a buffer 607 , and a OSC 605 that includes a first differential stage 602 , a second differential stage 604 , a third differential stage 606 , and a fourth differential stage 608 .
- a multimode multiphase pulse generator 610 provides each injection (INJ 0 through INJ 3 ) to a respective differential stage of the OSC 605 .
- 609 and 611 are output buffers to each next stage.
- the multiphase injection locked PLL 603 further includes a sampler 612 that receives a sample signal from the multimode multiphase pulse generator 610 and samples the signal from the OSC 605 .
- the signals from the sampler 612 are sent to a voltage-to-current generator (Gm) 614 which is then sent to a LPF 616 .
- Gm voltage-to-current generator
- a DivN block 618 samples an output of the OSC that divides down the frequency of the OSC frequency to the reference voltage frequency, and passes the signal to a phase frequency detector (PFD) 620 that generates a voltage signal that represents the difference in phase between the output of DivN and REF (after buffer).
- PFD phase frequency detector
- the outputs of the Gm 614 and the PFD 620 are passed to a DivM function 621 and are then passed to the LPF 616 To switch between different modes, there is no physical connection change. All modes are included in the pulse generator 610 and the pulse generator 610 output is different across different modes, as shown in Table 2, according to one embodiment.
- FIG. 7 illustrates a graph of control voltage and injections.
- FIG. 7 shows the sequence of injection locking. Since injection locking is a “fragile” or sensitive operation, the system determines a correct time to start.
- FIG. 8 illustrates a graph of 1 ⁇ injection, according to an embodiment.
- an injection signal INJ 0 includes an injection pulse 802 applied at a rising edge of an input PH 0 and a corresponding falling edge of a complementary input PH 4 of a first differential stage of a differential ring oscillator.
- PH 4 is not illustrated in FIG. 8 , it is understood that PH 4 's timing waveform is complementary to PH 0 . It is appreciated that the injection pulse may be performed at the rising edge of any differential stage of the differential ring oscillator, without deviating from the scope of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 9 illustrates a graph of 2 ⁇ injection, according to an embodiment.
- an injection signal INJ 0 includes a first injection pulse 902 at a rising edge of a input PH 0 and at a corresponding falling edge of a complementary input PH 4 of a first differential stage of a differential ring oscillator; and a second injection pulse 904 at a falling edge of PH 0 and at a corresponding rising edge of PH 4 .
- PH 4 is not illustrated in FIG. 9 , it is understood that PH 4 's timing waveform is complementary to PH 0 .
- every four input clock cycle periods is equal to three ring oscillator periods.
- FIG. 10 illustrates a graph of 4 ⁇ injection and multiplication by 3 ⁇ 4, according to an embodiment.
- a first injection signal INJ 0 includes a first injection pulse 1002 applied at a rising edge of an input PH 0 and a corresponding falling edge of a complementary input PH 4 of a first differential stage of a differential ring oscillator.
- a second injection signal INJ includes a second injection pulse 1004 applied at a falling edge of an input PH 2 and a corresponding rising edge of a complementary input PH 6 of a third differential stage of the differential ring oscillator.
- the first injection signal INJ 0 further includes a third injection pulse 1006 applied at a falling edge of PH 0 and at a rising edge of PH 4 .
- the second injection signal INJ 2 further includes a fourth injection pulse 1008 applied at a rising edge of PH 2 and at a corresponding falling edge of PH 6 .
- PH 4 and PH 6 are not illustrated in FIG. 10 , it is understood that PH 4 and PH 6 's timing waveforms are complementary to PH 0 and PH 2 respectively.
- One injection pulse INJ 0 is at an even cycle while the other injection pulse INJ 2 is at an odd cycle. Every four input clock cycle periods equals three ring oscillator periods.
- FIG. 11 illustrates a graph of 4 ⁇ injection and multiplication by 5/4, according to an embodiment.
- a first injection signal INJ 0 includes a first injection pulse 1102 applied at a rising edge of an input PH 0 and a corresponding falling edge of a complementary input PH 4 of a first differential stage of a differential ring oscillator.
- a second injection signal INJ 2 includes a second injection pulse 1104 applied at a rising edge of an input PH 2 and at a corresponding falling edge of a complementary input PH 6 of a third differential stage of the differential ring oscillator.
- the first injection signal INJ 0 further includes a third injection pulse 1106 applied at a falling edge of PH 0 and at a corresponding rising edge of PH 4 .
- the second injection signal INJ 2 further includes a fourth injection pulse 1108 applied at a falling edge of PH 2 and at a corresponding rising edge of PH 6 . Every five input clock cycle periods equals three ring oscillator periods.
- PH 4 and PH 6 are not illustrated in FIG. 11 , it is understood that PH 4 and PH 6 's timing waveforms are complementary to PH 0 and PH 2 respectively.
- FIG. 12 illustrates a graph of 8 ⁇ injection and multiplication by 5 ⁇ 8, according to an embodiment. Every eight input clock cycle periods equals five ring oscillator periods.
- a first injection signal INJ 0 includes a first injection pulse 1202 applied at a rising edge of an input PH 0 and at a corresponding falling edge of a complementary input PH 4 of a first differential stage of a differential ring oscillator.
- a second injection signal INJ 1 includes a second injection pulse 1204 applied at a falling edge of an input PH 1 and at a corresponding rising edge of a complementary input PH 5 of a second differential stage of the differential ring oscillator.
- a third injection signal INJ 2 includes a third injection signal 1206 applied at a rising edge of an input PH 2 and at a corresponding falling edge of a complementary input PH 6 of a third differential stage of the differential ring oscillator.
- a fourth injection signal INJ 3 includes a fourth injection signal 1208 applied at a rising edge of an input PH 3 and at a corresponding falling edge of a complementary input PH 7 of a fourth differential stage of the differential ring oscillator.
- the first injection signal INJ 0 further includes a fifth injection 1210 applied at a falling edge of PH 0 and at a corresponding rising edge of PH 4 .
- the second injection signal INJ 1 further includes a sixth injection 1212 applied at a rising edge of PH 1 and at a corresponding falling edge of PH 5 .
- the third injection signal INJ 2 further includes a seventh injection 1214 applied at a falling edge of PH 2 and at a corresponding rising edge of PH 6 .
- the fourth injection signal INJ 3 further includes an eighth injection signal 1216 applied at a rising edge of PH 3 and at a corresponding falling edge of PH 7 .
- PH 4 -PH 7 are not illustrated in FIG. 12 , it is understood that PH 4 -PH 7 's timing waveforms are complementary to PH 0 -PH 3 respectively.
- FIG. 13 illustrates a graph of 8 ⁇ injection and multiplication by 7 ⁇ 8, according to an embodiment. Every eight input clock cycle periods equals seven ring oscillator periods.
- the first injection signal INJ 0 includes a first injection pulse 1302 applied at a rising edge of an input PH 0 and at a corresponding falling edge of a complementary input PH 4 of a first differential stage of a differential ring oscillator.
- a second injection signal INJ 1 includes a second injection pulse 1304 applied at a falling edge of input PH 3 and at a corresponding rising edge of a complementary input PH 7 of a second differential stage of the differential ring oscillator.
- a third injection signal INJ 2 includes a third injection signal 1306 applied at a falling edge of an input PH 2 and at a corresponding rising edge of a complementary input PH 6 of a third differential stage of the differential ring oscillator.
- a fourth injection signal INJ 3 includes a fourth injection signal 1308 applied at a falling edge of PH 1 and at a corresponding rising edge of a complementary input PH 5 of a fourth differential stage of the differential ring oscillator.
- the first injection signal INJ 0 includes the fifth injection 1310 applied at a falling edge of PH 0 and at a corresponding rising edge of PH 4 .
- the second injection signal INJ 1 includes a sixth injection 1312 applied at a rising edge of PH 3 and a corresponding falling edge of PH 7
- the third injection signal INJ 3 includes a seventh injection 1314 applied at a rising edge of PH 2 and at a corresponding falling edge of PH 6 .
- the fourth injection signal INJ 3 includes an eighth injection 1316 applied at a rising edge of PH 1 and at a corresponding falling edge of PH 5 .
- PH 4 -PH 7 are not illustrated in FIG. 13 , it is understood that PH 4 -PH 7 's timing waveforms are complementary to PH 0 -PH 3 respectively.
- FIG. 14 illustrates a graph of 8 ⁇ injection and multiplication by 9/8, according to an embodiment. Every eight input clock cycle periods equals nine ring oscillator periods.
- the first injection signal INJ 0 includes a first injection pulse 1402 applied at a rising edge of input PH 0 and a corresponding falling edge of a complementary input PH 4 of a first differential stage of a differential ring oscillator.
- a second injection signal INJ 1 includes a second injection pulse 1404 applied at a rising edge of input PH 1 and at a corresponding falling edge of a complementary input PH 5 of a second differential stage of the differential ring oscillator.
- a third injection signal INJ 2 includes a third injection pulse 1406 applied at a rising edge of input PH 2 and at a corresponding falling edge of a complementary input PH 6 of a third differential stage of the differential ring oscillator.
- a fourth injection signal INJ 3 includes a fourth injection pulse 1408 applied at a rising edge of input PH 3 and at a corresponding falling edge of a complementary input PH 7 of a fourth differential stage of the differential ring oscillator.
- the first injection signal INJ 0 further includes a fifth injection 1410 applied at a falling edge of PH 0 and at a corresponding rising edge of PH 4 .
- the second injection signal INJ 1 further includes a sixth injection 1412 applied at a rising edge of PH 1 and at a corresponding falling edge of PH 5 .
- the third injection signal INJ 2 further includes a seventh injection 1414 applied at a falling edge of PH 2 and at a corresponding rising edge of PH 6 .
- the fourth injection signal INJ 3 further includes an eighth injection signal 1416 applied at a rising edge of PH 3 and at a corresponding falling edge of PH 7 .
- PH 4 -PH 7 are not illustrated in FIG. 14 , it is understood that PH 4 -PH 7 's timing waveforms are complementary to PH 0 -PH 3 respectively
- FIG. 15 illustrates a graph of 8 ⁇ injection and multiplication by 11/8, according to an embodiment. Every eight input clock cycle periods equals eleven ring oscillator periods.
- the first injection signal INJ 0 includes a first injection pulse 1502 applied at a rising edge of an input PH 0 and at a corresponding falling edge of a complementary input PH 4 of a first differential stage of a differential ring oscillator.
- a second injection signal INJ 1 includes a second injection pulse 1504 applied at a rising edge of input PH 3 and at a corresponding falling edge of a complementary input PH 7 of a second differential stage of the differential ring oscillator.
- a third injection signal INJ 2 includes a third injection signal 1506 applied at a falling edge of an input PH 2 and at a corresponding rising edge of a complementary input PH 6 of a third differential stage of the differential ring oscillator.
- a fourth injection signal INJ 3 includes a fourth injection signal 1508 applied at a rising edge of PH 1 and at a corresponding falling edge of a complementary input PH 5 of a fourth differential stage of the differential ring oscillator.
- the first injection signal INJ 0 includes the fifth injection 1510 applied at a falling edge of PH 0 and at a corresponding rising edge of PH 4 .
- the second injection signal INJ 1 includes a sixth injection 1512 applied at a falling edge of PH 3 and a corresponding rising edge of PH 7
- the third injection signal INJ 3 includes a seventh injection 1514 applied at a rising edge of PH 2 and at a corresponding falling edge of PH 6 .
- the fourth injection signal INJ 3 includes an eighth injection 1516 applied at a falling edge of PH 1 and at a corresponding rising edge of PH 5 .
- PH 4 -PH 7 are not illustrated in FIG. 15 , it is understood that PH 4 -PH 7 's timing waveforms are complementary to PH 0 -PH 3 respectively
- FIG. 16 illustrates a diagram of an injection locking sequence, according to an embodiment.
- the present system performs a frequency locked loop (FLL) lock.
- the system enables the sub-sampling PLL.
- the injections start.
- the sub-sampling is used to utilize the high gain in the sampler and achieve lower phase noise. Due to the limited tracking range, the FLL is used to help the sub-sampling PLL achieve the lock.
- the injections start and is the main method to ensure the output if a clock that closely tracks the input reference clock and thus low phase noise.
- Table 3 shows an example injection rate and sampling pulses.
- FIG. 17 illustrates a diagram of a global pulse generator, according to an embodiment.
- FIG. 17 shows an example of the multiphase injection pulse generation block 304 ( FIG. 3 ).
- the pulse generation block 1702 received an input clock from a shared PLL (block 302 / 502 ) and generates multiple pulses (e.g., INJ 0 /INJ 1 /INJ 3 /INJ/SAMP of FIG. 6 ).
- the system includes a state machine 1704 to decode for different injection ratios (i.e., 2 ⁇ /4 ⁇ /8 ⁇ , etc.), a pipelined gating logic block 1706 to generate a global pulse and gating logic to selectively pass the global pulses to 5 outputs 1710 - 1718 (i.e., SAMP/INJ 0 /INJ 1 /INJ 2 /INJ 3 ).
- FIG. 18 illustrates a block diagram of an electronic device 1801 in a network environment 1800 , according to one embodiment.
- the electronic device 1801 in the network environment 1800 may communicate with another electronic device 1802 via a first network 1898 (e.g., a short-range wireless communication network), or another electronic device 1804 or a server 1808 via a second network 1899 (e.g., a long-range wireless communication network).
- the electronic device 1801 may also communicate with the electronic device 1804 via the server 1808 .
- the electronic device 1801 may include a processor 1820 , a memory 1830 , an input device 1850 , a sound output device 1855 , a display device 1860 , an audio module 1870 , a sensor module 1876 , an interface 1877 , a haptic module 1879 , a camera module 1880 , a power management module 1888 , a battery 1889 , a communication module 1890 , a subscriber identification module (SIM) 1896 , or an antenna module 1897 .
- at least one (e.g., the display device 1860 or the camera module 1880 ) of the components may be omitted from the electronic device 1801 , or one or more other components may be added to the electronic device 1801 .
- the components may be implemented as a single integrated circuit (IC).
- the sensor module 1876 e.g., a fingerprint sensor, an iris sensor, or an illuminance sensor
- the display device 1860 e.g., a display
- the processor 1820 may execute, for example, software (e.g., a program 1840 ) to control at least one other component (e.g., a hardware or a software component) of the electronic device 1801 coupled with the processor 1820 , and may perform various data processing or computations. As at least part of the data processing or computations, the processor 1820 may load a command or data received from another component (e.g., the sensor module 1876 or the communication module 1890 ) in volatile memory 1832 , process the command or the data stored in the volatile memory 1832 , and store resulting data in non-volatile memory 1834 .
- software e.g., a program 1840
- the processor 1820 may load a command or data received from another component (e.g., the sensor module 1876 or the communication module 1890 ) in volatile memory 1832 , process the command or the data stored in the volatile memory 1832 , and store resulting data in non-volatile memory 1834 .
- the processor 1820 may include a main processor 1821 (e.g., a central processing unit (CPU) or an application processor (AP)), and an auxiliary processor 1823 (e.g., a graphics processing unit (GPU), an image signal processor (ISP), a sensor hub processor, or a communication processor (CP)) that is operable independently from, or in conjunction with, the main processor 1821 . Additionally or alternatively, the auxiliary processor 1823 may be adapted to consume less power than the main processor 1821 , or execute a particular function. The auxiliary processor 1823 may be implemented as being separate from, or a part of, the main processor 1821 .
- a main processor 1821 e.g., a central processing unit (CPU) or an application processor (AP)
- auxiliary processor 1823 e.g., a graphics processing unit (GPU), an image signal processor (ISP), a sensor hub processor, or a communication processor (CP)
- the auxiliary processor 1823 may be adapted to consume less power than the main processor
- the auxiliary processor 1823 may control at least some of the functions or states related to at least one component (e.g., the display device 1860 , the sensor module 1876 , or the communication module 1890 ) among the components of the electronic device 1801 , instead of the main processor 1821 while the main processor 1821 is in an inactive (e.g., sleep) state, or together with the main processor 1821 while the main processor 1821 is in an active state (e.g., executing an application).
- the auxiliary processor 1823 e.g., an image signal processor or a communication processor
- the memory 1830 may store various data used by at least one component (e.g., the processor 1820 or the sensor module 1876 ) of the electronic device 1801 .
- the various data may include, for example, software (e.g., the program 1840 ) and input data or output data for a command related thereto.
- the memory 1830 may include the volatile memory 1832 or the non-volatile memory 1834 .
- the program 1840 may be stored in the memory 1830 as software, and may include, for example, an operating system (OS) 1842 , middleware 1844 , or an application 1846 .
- OS operating system
- middleware middleware
- application application
- the input device 1850 may receive a command or data to be used by other component (e.g., the processor 1820 ) of the electronic device 1801 , from the outside (e.g., a user) of the electronic device 1801 .
- the input device 1850 may include, for example, a microphone, a mouse, or a keyboard.
- the sound output device 1855 may output sound signals to the outside of the electronic device 1801 .
- the sound output device 1855 may include, for example, a speaker or a receiver.
- the speaker may be used for general purposes, such as playing multimedia or recording, and the receiver may be used for receiving an incoming call.
- the receiver may be implemented as being separate from, or a part of, the speaker.
- the display device 1860 may visually provide information to the outside (e.g., a user) of the electronic device 1801 .
- the display device 1860 may include, for example, a display, a hologram device, or a projector and control circuitry to control a corresponding one of the display, hologram device, and projector.
- the display device 1860 may include touch circuitry adapted to detect a touch, or sensor circuitry (e.g., a pressure sensor) adapted to measure the intensity of force incurred by the touch.
- the audio module 1870 may convert a sound into an electrical signal and vice versa. According to one embodiment, the audio module 1870 may obtain the sound via the input device 1850 , or output the sound via the sound output device 1855 or a headphone of an external electronic device 1802 directly (e.g., wired) or wirelessly coupled with the electronic device 1801 .
- the sensor module 1876 may detect an operational state (e.g., power or temperature) of the electronic device 1801 or an environmental state (e.g., a state of a user) external to the electronic device 1801 , and then generate an electrical signal or data value corresponding to the detected state.
- the sensor module 1876 may include, for example, a gesture sensor, a gyro sensor, an atmospheric pressure sensor, a magnetic sensor, an acceleration sensor, a grip sensor, a proximity sensor, a color sensor, an infrared (IR) sensor, a biometric sensor, a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, or an illuminance sensor.
- the interface 1877 may support one or more specified protocols to be used for the electronic device 1801 to be coupled with the external electronic device 1802 directly (e.g., wired) or wirelessly.
- the interface 1877 may include, for example, a high definition multimedia interface (HDMI), a universal serial bus (USB) interface, a secure digital (SD) card interface, or an audio interface.
- HDMI high definition multimedia interface
- USB universal serial bus
- SD secure digital
- a connecting terminal 1878 may include a connector via which the electronic device 1801 may be physically connected with the external electronic device 1802 .
- the connecting terminal 1878 may include, for example, an HDMI connector, a USB connector, an SD card connector, or an audio connector (e.g., a headphone connector).
- the haptic module 1879 may convert an electrical signal into a mechanical stimulus (e.g., a vibration or a movement) or an electrical stimulus which may be recognized by a user via tactile sensation or kinesthetic sensation.
- the haptic module 1879 may include, for example, a motor, a piezoelectric element, or an electrical stimulator.
- the camera module 1880 may capture a still image or moving images.
- the camera module 1880 may include one or more lenses, image sensors, image signal processors, or flashes.
- the power management module 1888 may manage power supplied to the electronic device 1801 .
- the power management module 1888 may be implemented as at least part of, for example, a power management integrated circuit (PMIC).
- PMIC power management integrated circuit
- the battery 1889 may supply power to at least one component of the electronic device 1801 .
- the battery 1889 may include, for example, a primary cell which is not rechargeable, a secondary cell which is rechargeable, or a fuel cell.
- the communication module 1890 may support establishing a direct (e.g., wired) communication channel or a wireless communication channel between the electronic device 1801 and the external electronic device (e.g., the electronic device 1802 , the electronic device 1804 , or the server 1808 ) and performing communication via the established communication channel.
- the communication module 1890 may include one or more communication processors that are operable independently from the processor 1820 (e.g., the AP) and supports a direct (e.g., wired) communication or a wireless communication.
- the communication module 1890 may include a wireless communication module 1892 (e.g., a cellular communication module, a short-range wireless communication module, or a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) communication module) or a wired communication module 1894 (e.g., a local area network (LAN) communication module or a power line communication (PLC) module).
- a wireless communication module 1892 e.g., a cellular communication module, a short-range wireless communication module, or a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) communication module
- GNSS global navigation satellite system
- wired communication module 1894 e.g., a local area network (LAN) communication module or a power line communication (PLC) module.
- LAN local area network
- PLC power line communication
- a corresponding one of these communication modules may communicate with the external electronic device via the first network 1898 (e.g., a short-range communication network, such as BluetoothTM, wireless-fidelity (Wi-Fi) direct, or a standard of the Infrared Data Association (IrDA)) or the second network 1899 (e.g., a long-range communication network, such as a cellular network, the Internet, or a computer network (e.g., LAN or wide area network (WAN)).
- the first network 1898 e.g., a short-range communication network, such as BluetoothTM, wireless-fidelity (Wi-Fi) direct, or a standard of the Infrared Data Association (IrDA)
- the second network 1899 e.g., a long-range communication network, such as a cellular network, the Internet, or a computer network (e.g., LAN or wide area network (WAN)
- These various types of communication modules may be implemented as a single component (e.g., a single IC
- the wireless communication module 1892 may identify and authenticate the electronic device 1801 in a communication network, such as the first network 1898 or the second network 1899 , using subscriber information (e.g., international mobile subscriber identity (IMSI)) stored in the subscriber identification module 1896 .
- subscriber information e.g., international mobile subscriber identity (IMSI)
- the antenna module 1897 may transmit or receive a signal or power to or from the outside (e.g., the external electronic device) of the electronic device 1801 .
- the antenna module 1897 may include one or more antennas, and, therefrom, at least one antenna appropriate for a communication scheme used in the communication network, such as the first network 1898 or the second network 1899 , may be selected, for example, by the communication module 1890 (e.g., the wireless communication module 1892 ).
- the signal or the power may then be transmitted or received between the communication module 1890 and the external electronic device via the selected at least one antenna.
- At least some of the above-described components may be mutually coupled and communicate signals (e.g., commands or data) therebetween via an inter-peripheral communication scheme (e.g., a bus, a general purpose input and output (GPIO), a serial peripheral interface (SPI), or a mobile industry processor interface (MIPI)).
- an inter-peripheral communication scheme e.g., a bus, a general purpose input and output (GPIO), a serial peripheral interface (SPI), or a mobile industry processor interface (MIPI)
- commands or data may be transmitted or received between the electronic device 1801 and the external electronic device 1804 via the server 1808 coupled with the second network 1899 .
- Each of the electronic devices 1802 and 1804 may be a device of a same type as, or a different type, from the electronic device 1801 . All or some of operations to be executed at the electronic device 1801 may be executed at one or more of the external electronic devices 1802 , 1804 , or 1808 .
- the electronic device 1801 may request the one or more external electronic devices to perform at least part of the function or the service.
- the one or more external electronic devices receiving the request may perform the at least part of the function or the service requested, or an additional function or an additional service related to the request, and transfer an outcome of the performing to the electronic device 1801 .
- the electronic device 1801 may provide the outcome, with or without further processing of the outcome, as at least part of a reply to the request.
- a cloud computing, distributed computing, or client-server computing technology may be used, for example.
- One embodiment may be implemented as software (e.g., the program 1840 ) including one or more instructions that are stored in a storage medium (e.g., internal memory 1836 or external memory 1838 ) that is readable by a machine (e.g., the electronic device 1801 ).
- a processor of the electronic device 1801 may invoke at least one of the one or more instructions stored in the storage medium, and execute it, with or without using one or more other components under the control of the processor.
- a machine may be operated to perform at least one function according to the at least one instruction invoked.
- the one or more instructions may include code generated by a complier or code executable by an interpreter.
- a machine-readable storage medium may be provided in the form of a non-transitory storage medium.
- non-transitory indicates that the storage medium is a tangible device, and does not include a signal (e.g., an electromagnetic wave), but this term does not differentiate between where data is semi-permanently stored in the storage medium and where the data is temporarily stored in the storage medium.
- a signal e.g., an electromagnetic wave
- a method of the disclosure may be included and provided in a computer program product.
- the computer program product may be traded as a product between a seller and a buyer.
- the computer program product may be distributed in the form of a machine-readable storage medium (e.g., a compact disc read only memory (CD-ROM)), or be distributed (e.g., downloaded or uploaded) online via an application store (e.g., Play StoreTM), or between two user devices (e.g., smart phones) directly. If distributed online, at least part of the computer program product may be temporarily generated or at least temporarily stored in the machine-readable storage medium, such as memory of the manufacturer's server, a server of the application store, or a relay server.
- a machine-readable storage medium e.g., a compact disc read only memory (CD-ROM)
- an application store e.g., Play StoreTM
- two user devices e.g., smart phones
- each component e.g., a module or a program of the above-described components may include a single entity or multiple entities. One or more of the above-described components may be omitted, or one or more other components may be added. Alternatively or additionally, a plurality of components (e.g., modules or programs) may be integrated into a single component. In this case, the integrated component may still perform one or more functions of each of the plurality of components in the same or similar manner as they are performed by a corresponding one of the plurality of components before the integration. Operations performed by the module, the program, or another component may be carried out sequentially, in parallel, repeatedly, or heuristically, or one or more of the operations may be executed in a different order or omitted, or one or more other operations may be added.
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Abstract
Description
- This application is based on and claims priority under 35 U.S.C. § 119(e) to U.S. Provisional Patent Application filed on Aug. 28, 2019 in the United States Patent and Trademark Office and assigned Ser. No. 62/892,862, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
- The present disclosure generally relates to a wireless communication system. In particular, the present disclosure relates to a multiphase injection locked sub-sampling phase locked loop (PLL) circuit.
- A typical injection locked phase-locked loop (PLL) for an LO IQ multiplier includes a pulse generation block that injects a pulse once (1× at rising edge), at one stage output of a ring oscillator. An injection action is achieved via shorting the switch by a signal. With increased injection, the phase noise improves. A PLL has components/circuits including a reference clock, a phase detector, a charge pump, a loop filter, a voltage controlled oscillator (VCO), multiple buffers that contribute to the total phase noise.
- According to one embodiment, a system is provided. The system includes a shared fractional-N phase-lock loop (PLL), a ring oscillator circuit (OSC), and a multiphase injection pulse generator configured to receive an input signal having a first frequency from the shared fraction-N PLL and generate injection pulses for the OSC based on the input signal.
- According to one embodiment, a method is provided. The method includes generating, by a shared fractional-N PLL an input signal having a first frequency, receiving, by a multiphase injection pulse generator, the input signal having the first frequency, and generating, by the multiphase injection pulse generator, injection pulses for a OSC based on the received input signal.
- According to one embodiment, an electronic device is provided. The electronic device includes at least one receiver, a shared fractional-N PLL, an OSC, a multiphase injection pulse generator, and a processor configured to receive, from the shared fractional-N PLL, an input signal having a first frequency and generate, by the multiphase injection pulse generator, injection pulses for the OSC based on the input signal.
- The above and other aspects, features, and advantages of certain embodiments of the present disclosure will be more apparent from the following detailed description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
-
FIG. 1 illustrates a diagram of an injection locked PLL based LO IQ multiplier, according to an embodiment; -
FIG. 2 illustrates a diagram of a ring oscillator, according to an embodiment; -
FIG. 3 illustrates a diagram of a multiphase injection locked PLL based LO IQ multiplier, according to an embodiment; -
FIG. 4 illustrates a graph of phase noise, according to an embodiment; -
FIG. 5 illustrates a diagram of a sub-integer multiphase injection locked PLL based LO IQ multiple for a transceiver, according to an embodiment; -
FIG. 6 illustrates another diagram of a multiphase injection locked PLL based LOIQ multiplier, according to an embodiment; -
FIG. 7 illustrates a graph of control voltage and injections; -
FIG. 8 illustrates a graph of 1× injection, according to an embodiment; -
FIG. 9 illustrates a graph of 2× injection, according to an embodiment; -
FIG. 10 illustrates a graph of 4× injection and multiplication by ¾, according to an embodiment; -
FIG. 11 illustrates a graph of 4× injection and multiplication by 5/4, according to an embodiment; -
FIG. 12 illustrates a graph of 8× injection and multiplication by ⅝, according to an embodiment; -
FIG. 13 illustrates a graph of 8× injection and multiplication by ⅞, according to an embodiment; -
FIG. 14 illustrates a graph of 8× injection and multiplication by 9/8, according to an embodiment; -
FIG. 15 illustrates a graph of 8× injection and multiplication by 11/8, according to an embodiment; -
FIG. 16 illustrates a diagram of an injection locking sequence, according to an embodiment; -
FIG. 17 illustrates a diagram of a global pulse generator, according to an embodiment; and -
FIG. 18 illustrates a block diagram of an electronic device in a network environment, according to one embodiment. - Hereinafter, embodiments of the present disclosure are described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that the same elements will be designated by the same reference numerals although they are shown in different drawings. In the following description, specific details such as detailed configurations and components are merely provided to assist with the overall understanding of the embodiments of the present disclosure. Therefore, it should be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications of the embodiments described herein may be made without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. In addition, descriptions of well-known functions and constructions are omitted for clarity and conciseness. The terms described below are terms defined in consideration of the functions in the present disclosure, and may be different according to users, intentions of the users, or customs. Therefore, the definitions of the terms should be determined based on the contents throughout this specification.
- The present disclosure may have various modifications and various embodiments, among which embodiments are described below in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, it should be understood that the present disclosure is not limited to the embodiments, but includes all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives within the scope of the present disclosure.
- Although the terms including an ordinal number such as first, second, etc. may be used for describing various elements, the structural elements are not restricted by the terms. The terms are only used to distinguish one element from another element. For example, without departing from the scope of the present disclosure, a first structural element may be referred to as a second structural element. Similarly, the second structural element may also be referred to as the first structural element. As used herein, the term “and/or” includes any and all combinations of one or more associated items.
- The terms used herein are merely used to describe various embodiments of the present disclosure but are not intended to limit the present disclosure. Singular forms are intended to include plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. In the present disclosure, it should be understood that the terms “include” or “have” indicate existence of a feature, a number, a step, an operation, a structural element, parts, or a combination thereof, and do not exclude the existence or probability of the addition of one or more other features, numerals, steps, operations, structural elements, parts, or combinations thereof.
- Unless defined differently, all terms used herein have the same meanings as those understood by a person skilled in the art to which the present disclosure belongs. Terms such as those defined in a generally used dictionary are to be interpreted to have the same meanings as the contextual meanings in the relevant field of art, and are not to be interpreted to have ideal or excessively formal meanings unless clearly defined in the present disclosure.
- The electronic device according to one embodiment may be one of various types of electronic devices. The electronic devices may include, for example, a portable communication device (e.g., a smart phone), a computer, a portable multimedia device, a portable medical device, a camera, a wearable device, or a home appliance. According to one embodiment of the disclosure, an electronic device is not limited to those described above.
- The terms used in the present disclosure are not intended to limit the present disclosure but are intended to include various changes, equivalents, or replacements for a corresponding embodiment. With regard to the descriptions of the accompanying drawings, similar reference numerals may be used to refer to similar or related elements. A singular form of a noun corresponding to an item may include one or more of the things, unless the relevant context clearly indicates otherwise. As used herein, each of such phrases as “A or B,” “at least one of A and B,” “at least one of A or B,” “A, B, or C,” “at least one of A, B, and C,” and “at least one of A, B, or C,” may include all possible combinations of the items enumerated together in a corresponding one of the phrases. As used herein, terms such as “1st,” “2nd,” “first,” and “second” may be used to distinguish a corresponding component from another component, but are not intended to limit the components in other aspects (e.g., importance or order). It is intended that if an element (e.g., a first element) is referred to, with or without the term “operatively” or “communicatively”, as “coupled with,” “coupled to,” “connected with,” or “connected to” another element (e.g., a second element), it indicates that the element may be coupled with the other element directly (e.g., wired), wirelessly, or via a third element.
- As used herein, the term “module” may include a unit implemented in hardware, software, or firmware, and may interchangeably be used with other terms, for example, “logic,” “logic block,” “part,” and “circuitry.” A module may be a single integral component, or a minimum unit or part thereof, adapted to perform one or more functions. For example, according to one embodiment, a module may be implemented in a form of an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC).
- The present disclosure provides a system and method to generate local oscillator (LO) in-phase/quadrature (IQ) signals for wireless receivers while providing program ability to avoid spur and pulling issues.
-
FIG. 1 illustrates a diagram of an injection locked PLL based LO IQ multiplier, according to an embodiment. An injection locked PLL basedLO IQ multiplier 100 includes a shared fractional-N PLL 102 and an injection lockedPLL 101. The injection locked PLL lxx includes aninjection pulse generator 104, and PFD-CP 108, a low pass filter (LPF) 110, a ring oscillator (OSC) 112 and a feedback divider (DivN) 114. The injectionpulse generation block 104 injects a pulse once (2× at the rising edge) at one stage output of theOSC 112. A PLL is a control system that generates an output signal whose phase is related to the phase of an input signal. There are several different types; the simplest is an electronic circuit consisting of a variable frequency oscillator and a phase detector in a feedback loop. The oscillator generates a periodic signal, and the phase detector compares the phase of that signal with the phase of the input periodic signal, adjusting the oscillator to keep the phases matched. -
FIG. 2 illustrates a diagram of adifferential ring oscillator 200, according to an embodiment. Adifferential OSC 200 includes a firstdifferential stage 201, a seconddifferential stage 202, a thirddifferential stage 204 and a fourthdifferential stage 206. The injection action is achieved by shorting theswitch 208 by a signal Vinj1. -
FIG. 3 illustrates a diagram of a multiphase injection locked PLL based LO IQ, according to an embodiment. The multiphase injection locked PLL based LO IQ may be high bandwidth. With increased injection, the phase noise may be improved. A multiphase injection lockedPLL 300 includes a shared fractional-N PLL 302 and a multiphase injection lockedPLL 303. The multiphase injection lockedPLL 303 includes a multiphaseinjection pulse generator 304, a sub-sampling phase detector (SSPD) 306, anLPF 308 and anOSC 310. To improve the phase noise, the injection rate can be doubled at both the rising edge crossover and the falling edge crossover. The injection can be performed at each stage of the OSC 310 (i.e., 8× injections). -
FIG. 4 illustrates a graph of phase noise, according to an embodiment. As shown ingraph 400, the phase noise improves as the number of injections increases. -
FIG. 5 illustrates a diagram of a sub-integer multiphase injection locked PLL based LO IQ for a transceiver, according to an embodiment. Atransceiver 500 includes a shared fractional-N PLL 502 andmultiple receivers RX1 504,RX2 506 to RXN 508 and multiple LOIQ blocks 510, 512 to 514. Thetransceiver 500 may be a transceiver used for any wireless technology, including cellular technology (e.g., 4th generation (4G), 5th generation (5G)), and Wi-Fi. Each LOIQ block (e.g., 510 a) includes a multiphaseinjection pulse generator 516, and aSSPD 518, aLPF 520 and anOSC 522. Each receiver (e.g., 504 a) receives I and Q signals from each LOIQ block and processes the I and Q signals in amixer 524 to mix the I/Q signals with the RF signal that is amplified by the LNA to downconvert the RF signal to an intermediate frequency that is further processed with an analog base band (ABB) signal 526 and an analog to digital converter (ADC) 528 to produce a signal which is run through alow noise amplifier 530 and the RF signal is produced. Table 1 shows supported LO frequency (Flo) and corresponding standards (e.g., sub-6 GHz New Radio (NR), ultra high band (UHB), and License Assisted Access (LAA)). -
TABLE 1 Standard Sub-6 GHz NR UHB LAA Flo(MHz) 3300-4200 4400-5000 3400-3800 5150-5925 N/ M Ratio 3/4, 7/8, 5/8 9/8, 11/8, 5/4 3/4, 7/8, 5/8 9/8, 11/8, 5/4 -
FIG. 6 illustrates another diagram of a multiphase injection locked PLL based LOIQ multiplier, according to an embodiment. A multiphase injection locked PLL based LOIQ multiplier 600 includes a fractional-N PLL 601 and a multiphase injection lockedPLL 603. The multiphase injection lockedPLL 603 includes abuffer 607, and aOSC 605 that includes a firstdifferential stage 602, a seconddifferential stage 604, a thirddifferential stage 606, and a fourthdifferential stage 608. A multimodemultiphase pulse generator 610 provides each injection (INJ0 through INJ3) to a respective differential stage of theOSC 605. 609 and 611 are output buffers to each next stage. The multiphase injection lockedPLL 603 further includes asampler 612 that receives a sample signal from the multimodemultiphase pulse generator 610 and samples the signal from theOSC 605. The signals from thesampler 612 are sent to a voltage-to-current generator (Gm) 614 which is then sent to aLPF 616. Furthermore, a DivN block 618 samples an output of the OSC that divides down the frequency of the OSC frequency to the reference voltage frequency, and passes the signal to a phase frequency detector (PFD) 620 that generates a voltage signal that represents the difference in phase between the output of DivN and REF (after buffer). The outputs of theGm 614 and thePFD 620 are passed to a DivM function 621 and are then passed to theLPF 616 To switch between different modes, there is no physical connection change. All modes are included in thepulse generator 610 and thepulse generator 610 output is different across different modes, as shown in Table 2, according to one embodiment. -
TABLE 2 INJECTION MODE INJ0 INJ1 INJ2 INJ3 X1 Active, and same Always 0 Always 0 Always 0 freq as SAMP pulse X2 Active, 2x Always 0 Always 0 Always 0 freq as SAMP pulse X4 Active, 2x Always 0 Active, 2x Always 0 freq as SAMP pulse freq as SAMP pulse X8 Active, 2x Active, 2x Active, 2x Active, 2x freq as SAMP pulse freq as SAMP pulse freq as SAMP pulse freq as SAMP pulse -
FIG. 7 illustrates a graph of control voltage and injections.FIG. 7 shows the sequence of injection locking. Since injection locking is a “fragile” or sensitive operation, the system determines a correct time to start. -
FIG. 8 illustrates a graph of 1× injection, according to an embodiment. As shown ingraph 800, an injection signal INJ0 includes aninjection pulse 802 applied at a rising edge of an input PH0 and a corresponding falling edge of a complementary input PH4 of a first differential stage of a differential ring oscillator. Although PH4 is not illustrated inFIG. 8 , it is understood that PH4's timing waveform is complementary to PH0. It is appreciated that the injection pulse may be performed at the rising edge of any differential stage of the differential ring oscillator, without deviating from the scope of the present disclosure. -
FIG. 9 illustrates a graph of 2× injection, according to an embodiment. As shown ingraph 900, an injection signal INJ0 includes a first injection pulse 902 at a rising edge of a input PH0 and at a corresponding falling edge of a complementary input PH4 of a first differential stage of a differential ring oscillator; and a second injection pulse 904 at a falling edge of PH0 and at a corresponding rising edge of PH4. Although PH4 is not illustrated inFIG. 9 , it is understood that PH4's timing waveform is complementary to PH0. As shown ingraph 900, every four input clock cycle periods is equal to three ring oscillator periods. -
FIG. 10 illustrates a graph of 4× injection and multiplication by ¾, according to an embodiment. As shown ingraph 1000, a first injection signal INJ0 includes afirst injection pulse 1002 applied at a rising edge of an input PH0 and a corresponding falling edge of a complementary input PH4 of a first differential stage of a differential ring oscillator. A second injection signal INJ includes asecond injection pulse 1004 applied at a falling edge of an input PH2 and a corresponding rising edge of a complementary input PH6 of a third differential stage of the differential ring oscillator. The first injection signal INJ0 further includes athird injection pulse 1006 applied at a falling edge of PH0 and at a rising edge of PH4. The second injection signal INJ2 further includes afourth injection pulse 1008 applied at a rising edge of PH2 and at a corresponding falling edge of PH6. Although PH4 and PH6 are not illustrated inFIG. 10 , it is understood that PH4 and PH6's timing waveforms are complementary to PH0 and PH2 respectively. One injection pulse INJ0 is at an even cycle while the other injection pulse INJ2 is at an odd cycle. Every four input clock cycle periods equals three ring oscillator periods. -
FIG. 11 illustrates a graph of 4× injection and multiplication by 5/4, according to an embodiment. As shown ingraph 1100, a first injection signal INJ0 includes a first injection pulse 1102 applied at a rising edge of an input PH0 and a corresponding falling edge of a complementary input PH4 of a first differential stage of a differential ring oscillator. A second injection signal INJ2 includes asecond injection pulse 1104 applied at a rising edge of an input PH2 and at a corresponding falling edge of a complementary input PH6 of a third differential stage of the differential ring oscillator. The first injection signal INJ0 further includes a third injection pulse 1106 applied at a falling edge of PH0 and at a corresponding rising edge of PH4. The second injection signal INJ2 further includes afourth injection pulse 1108 applied at a falling edge of PH2 and at a corresponding rising edge of PH6. Every five input clock cycle periods equals three ring oscillator periods. Although PH4 and PH6 are not illustrated inFIG. 11 , it is understood that PH4 and PH6's timing waveforms are complementary to PH0 and PH2 respectively. -
FIG. 12 illustrates a graph of 8× injection and multiplication by ⅝, according to an embodiment. Every eight input clock cycle periods equals five ring oscillator periods. As shown ingraph 1200, a first injection signal INJ0 includes afirst injection pulse 1202 applied at a rising edge of an input PH0 and at a corresponding falling edge of a complementary input PH4 of a first differential stage of a differential ring oscillator. A second injection signal INJ1 includes asecond injection pulse 1204 applied at a falling edge of an input PH1 and at a corresponding rising edge of a complementary input PH5 of a second differential stage of the differential ring oscillator. A third injection signal INJ2 includes athird injection signal 1206 applied at a rising edge of an input PH2 and at a corresponding falling edge of a complementary input PH6 of a third differential stage of the differential ring oscillator. A fourth injection signal INJ3 includes afourth injection signal 1208 applied at a rising edge of an input PH3 and at a corresponding falling edge of a complementary input PH7 of a fourth differential stage of the differential ring oscillator. The first injection signal INJ0 further includes afifth injection 1210 applied at a falling edge of PH0 and at a corresponding rising edge of PH4. The second injection signal INJ1 further includes asixth injection 1212 applied at a rising edge of PH1 and at a corresponding falling edge of PH5. The third injection signal INJ2 further includes aseventh injection 1214 applied at a falling edge of PH2 and at a corresponding rising edge of PH6. The fourth injection signal INJ3 further includes aneighth injection signal 1216 applied at a rising edge of PH3 and at a corresponding falling edge of PH7. Although PH4-PH7 are not illustrated inFIG. 12 , it is understood that PH4-PH7's timing waveforms are complementary to PH0-PH3 respectively. -
FIG. 13 illustrates a graph of 8× injection and multiplication by ⅞, according to an embodiment. Every eight input clock cycle periods equals seven ring oscillator periods. As shown ingraph 1300, the first injection signal INJ0 includes afirst injection pulse 1302 applied at a rising edge of an input PH0 and at a corresponding falling edge of a complementary input PH4 of a first differential stage of a differential ring oscillator. A second injection signal INJ1 includes asecond injection pulse 1304 applied at a falling edge of input PH3 and at a corresponding rising edge of a complementary input PH7 of a second differential stage of the differential ring oscillator. A third injection signal INJ2 includes athird injection signal 1306 applied at a falling edge of an input PH2 and at a corresponding rising edge of a complementary input PH6 of a third differential stage of the differential ring oscillator. A fourth injection signal INJ3 includes afourth injection signal 1308 applied at a falling edge of PH1 and at a corresponding rising edge of a complementary input PH5 of a fourth differential stage of the differential ring oscillator. The first injection signal INJ0 includes thefifth injection 1310 applied at a falling edge of PH0 and at a corresponding rising edge of PH4. The second injection signal INJ1 includes asixth injection 1312 applied at a rising edge of PH3 and a corresponding falling edge of PH7 The third injection signal INJ3 includes aseventh injection 1314 applied at a rising edge of PH2 and at a corresponding falling edge of PH6. The fourth injection signal INJ3 includes aneighth injection 1316 applied at a rising edge of PH1 and at a corresponding falling edge of PH5. Although PH4-PH7 are not illustrated inFIG. 13 , it is understood that PH4-PH7's timing waveforms are complementary to PH0-PH3 respectively. -
FIG. 14 illustrates a graph of 8× injection and multiplication by 9/8, according to an embodiment. Every eight input clock cycle periods equals nine ring oscillator periods. As shown ingraph 1400, the first injection signal INJ0 includes afirst injection pulse 1402 applied at a rising edge of input PH0 and a corresponding falling edge of a complementary input PH4 of a first differential stage of a differential ring oscillator. A second injection signal INJ1 includes asecond injection pulse 1404 applied at a rising edge of input PH1 and at a corresponding falling edge of a complementary input PH5 of a second differential stage of the differential ring oscillator. A third injection signal INJ2 includes athird injection pulse 1406 applied at a rising edge of input PH2 and at a corresponding falling edge of a complementary input PH6 of a third differential stage of the differential ring oscillator. A fourth injection signal INJ3 includes afourth injection pulse 1408 applied at a rising edge of input PH3 and at a corresponding falling edge of a complementary input PH7 of a fourth differential stage of the differential ring oscillator. The first injection signal INJ0 further includes afifth injection 1410 applied at a falling edge of PH0 and at a corresponding rising edge of PH4. The second injection signal INJ1 further includes asixth injection 1412 applied at a rising edge of PH1 and at a corresponding falling edge of PH5. The third injection signal INJ2 further includes aseventh injection 1414 applied at a falling edge of PH2 and at a corresponding rising edge of PH6. The fourth injection signal INJ3 further includes aneighth injection signal 1416 applied at a rising edge of PH3 and at a corresponding falling edge of PH7. Although PH4-PH7 are not illustrated inFIG. 14 , it is understood that PH4-PH7's timing waveforms are complementary to PH0-PH3 respectively -
FIG. 15 illustrates a graph of 8× injection and multiplication by 11/8, according to an embodiment. Every eight input clock cycle periods equals eleven ring oscillator periods. As shown ingraph 1500, the first injection signal INJ0 includes afirst injection pulse 1502 applied at a rising edge of an input PH0 and at a corresponding falling edge of a complementary input PH4 of a first differential stage of a differential ring oscillator. A second injection signal INJ1 includes asecond injection pulse 1504 applied at a rising edge of input PH3 and at a corresponding falling edge of a complementary input PH7 of a second differential stage of the differential ring oscillator. A third injection signal INJ2 includes athird injection signal 1506 applied at a falling edge of an input PH2 and at a corresponding rising edge of a complementary input PH6 of a third differential stage of the differential ring oscillator. A fourth injection signal INJ3 includes afourth injection signal 1508 applied at a rising edge of PH1 and at a corresponding falling edge of a complementary input PH5 of a fourth differential stage of the differential ring oscillator. The first injection signal INJ0 includes thefifth injection 1510 applied at a falling edge of PH0 and at a corresponding rising edge of PH4. The second injection signal INJ1 includes asixth injection 1512 applied at a falling edge of PH3 and a corresponding rising edge of PH7 The third injection signal INJ3 includes aseventh injection 1514 applied at a rising edge of PH2 and at a corresponding falling edge of PH6. The fourth injection signal INJ3 includes aneighth injection 1516 applied at a falling edge of PH1 and at a corresponding rising edge of PH5. Although PH4-PH7 are not illustrated inFIG. 15 , it is understood that PH4-PH7's timing waveforms are complementary to PH0-PH3 respectively -
FIG. 16 illustrates a diagram of an injection locking sequence, according to an embodiment. At 1602, the present system performs a frequency locked loop (FLL) lock. At 1604, the system enables the sub-sampling PLL. At 1606, the injections start. The sub-sampling is used to utilize the high gain in the sampler and achieve lower phase noise. Due to the limited tracking range, the FLL is used to help the sub-sampling PLL achieve the lock. After the sub-sampling PLL locks, the injections start and is the main method to ensure the output if a clock that closely tracks the input reference clock and thus low phase noise. Table 3 shows an example injection rate and sampling pulses. -
TABLE 3 SSPLL m SSPLLDI Inj mode SAMPMO INJ_MOD FLL FB Div fchannel(MHz) fvco (MHz) fdco SS-PLL ratio = 3/2 (MHz) ½ 2.000 1x, 2x 0 0, 1 3 fdco SS-PLL ratio = 9/8 (MHz) ⅛ 8.000 1x, 2x, 4x, 8x 2 0, 1, 2, 3 9 fdco SS-PLL ratio = 11/8 (MHz) ⅛ 8.000 1x, 2x, 4x, 8x 2 0, 1, 2, 3 11 fdco SS-PLL ratio = 5/4 (MHz) ¼ 4.000 1x, 2x, 4x 1 0, 1, 2 5 fdco SS-PLL ratio = 3/4 (MHz) ¼ 4.000 1x, 2x, 4x 1 0, 1, 2 3 fdco SS-PLL ratio = 7/8 (MHz) ⅛ 8.000 1x, 2x, 4x, 8x 2 0, 1, 2, 3 7 fdco SS-PLL ratio = 5/8 (MHz) ⅛ 8.000 1x, 2x, 4x, 8x 2 0, 1, 2, 3 5 indicates data missing or illegible when filed -
FIG. 17 illustrates a diagram of a global pulse generator, according to an embodiment.FIG. 17 shows an example of the multiphase injection pulse generation block 304 (FIG. 3 ). Thepulse generation block 1702 received an input clock from a shared PLL (block 302/502) and generates multiple pulses (e.g., INJ0/INJ1/INJ3/INJ/SAMP ofFIG. 6 ). To implement these functions, the system includes astate machine 1704 to decode for different injection ratios (i.e., 2×/4×/8×, etc.), a pipelinedgating logic block 1706 to generate a global pulse and gating logic to selectively pass the global pulses to 5 outputs 1710-1718 (i.e., SAMP/INJ0/INJ1/INJ2/INJ3). -
FIG. 18 illustrates a block diagram of anelectronic device 1801 in anetwork environment 1800, according to one embodiment. Referring toFIG. 18 , theelectronic device 1801 in thenetwork environment 1800 may communicate with anotherelectronic device 1802 via a first network 1898 (e.g., a short-range wireless communication network), or anotherelectronic device 1804 or aserver 1808 via a second network 1899 (e.g., a long-range wireless communication network). Theelectronic device 1801 may also communicate with theelectronic device 1804 via theserver 1808. Theelectronic device 1801 may include aprocessor 1820, amemory 1830, aninput device 1850, asound output device 1855, adisplay device 1860, anaudio module 1870, asensor module 1876, aninterface 1877, ahaptic module 1879, acamera module 1880, apower management module 1888, abattery 1889, acommunication module 1890, a subscriber identification module (SIM) 1896, or anantenna module 1897. In one embodiment, at least one (e.g., thedisplay device 1860 or the camera module 1880) of the components may be omitted from theelectronic device 1801, or one or more other components may be added to theelectronic device 1801. In one embodiment, some of the components may be implemented as a single integrated circuit (IC). For example, the sensor module 1876 (e.g., a fingerprint sensor, an iris sensor, or an illuminance sensor) may be embedded in the display device 1860 (e.g., a display). - The
processor 1820 may execute, for example, software (e.g., a program 1840) to control at least one other component (e.g., a hardware or a software component) of theelectronic device 1801 coupled with theprocessor 1820, and may perform various data processing or computations. As at least part of the data processing or computations, theprocessor 1820 may load a command or data received from another component (e.g., thesensor module 1876 or the communication module 1890) involatile memory 1832, process the command or the data stored in thevolatile memory 1832, and store resulting data innon-volatile memory 1834. Theprocessor 1820 may include a main processor 1821 (e.g., a central processing unit (CPU) or an application processor (AP)), and an auxiliary processor 1823 (e.g., a graphics processing unit (GPU), an image signal processor (ISP), a sensor hub processor, or a communication processor (CP)) that is operable independently from, or in conjunction with, themain processor 1821. Additionally or alternatively, the auxiliary processor 1823 may be adapted to consume less power than themain processor 1821, or execute a particular function. The auxiliary processor 1823 may be implemented as being separate from, or a part of, themain processor 1821. - The auxiliary processor 1823 may control at least some of the functions or states related to at least one component (e.g., the
display device 1860, thesensor module 1876, or the communication module 1890) among the components of theelectronic device 1801, instead of themain processor 1821 while themain processor 1821 is in an inactive (e.g., sleep) state, or together with themain processor 1821 while themain processor 1821 is in an active state (e.g., executing an application). According to one embodiment, the auxiliary processor 1823 (e.g., an image signal processor or a communication processor) may be implemented as part of another component (e.g., thecamera module 1880 or the communication module 1890) functionally related to the auxiliary processor 1823. - The
memory 1830 may store various data used by at least one component (e.g., theprocessor 1820 or the sensor module 1876) of theelectronic device 1801. The various data may include, for example, software (e.g., the program 1840) and input data or output data for a command related thereto. Thememory 1830 may include thevolatile memory 1832 or thenon-volatile memory 1834. - The
program 1840 may be stored in thememory 1830 as software, and may include, for example, an operating system (OS) 1842,middleware 1844, or anapplication 1846. - The
input device 1850 may receive a command or data to be used by other component (e.g., the processor 1820) of theelectronic device 1801, from the outside (e.g., a user) of theelectronic device 1801. Theinput device 1850 may include, for example, a microphone, a mouse, or a keyboard. - The
sound output device 1855 may output sound signals to the outside of theelectronic device 1801. Thesound output device 1855 may include, for example, a speaker or a receiver. The speaker may be used for general purposes, such as playing multimedia or recording, and the receiver may be used for receiving an incoming call. According to one embodiment, the receiver may be implemented as being separate from, or a part of, the speaker. - The
display device 1860 may visually provide information to the outside (e.g., a user) of theelectronic device 1801. Thedisplay device 1860 may include, for example, a display, a hologram device, or a projector and control circuitry to control a corresponding one of the display, hologram device, and projector. According to one embodiment, thedisplay device 1860 may include touch circuitry adapted to detect a touch, or sensor circuitry (e.g., a pressure sensor) adapted to measure the intensity of force incurred by the touch. - The
audio module 1870 may convert a sound into an electrical signal and vice versa. According to one embodiment, theaudio module 1870 may obtain the sound via theinput device 1850, or output the sound via thesound output device 1855 or a headphone of an externalelectronic device 1802 directly (e.g., wired) or wirelessly coupled with theelectronic device 1801. - The
sensor module 1876 may detect an operational state (e.g., power or temperature) of theelectronic device 1801 or an environmental state (e.g., a state of a user) external to theelectronic device 1801, and then generate an electrical signal or data value corresponding to the detected state. Thesensor module 1876 may include, for example, a gesture sensor, a gyro sensor, an atmospheric pressure sensor, a magnetic sensor, an acceleration sensor, a grip sensor, a proximity sensor, a color sensor, an infrared (IR) sensor, a biometric sensor, a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, or an illuminance sensor. - The
interface 1877 may support one or more specified protocols to be used for theelectronic device 1801 to be coupled with the externalelectronic device 1802 directly (e.g., wired) or wirelessly. According to one embodiment, theinterface 1877 may include, for example, a high definition multimedia interface (HDMI), a universal serial bus (USB) interface, a secure digital (SD) card interface, or an audio interface. - A connecting terminal 1878 may include a connector via which the
electronic device 1801 may be physically connected with the externalelectronic device 1802. According to one embodiment, the connecting terminal 1878 may include, for example, an HDMI connector, a USB connector, an SD card connector, or an audio connector (e.g., a headphone connector). - The
haptic module 1879 may convert an electrical signal into a mechanical stimulus (e.g., a vibration or a movement) or an electrical stimulus which may be recognized by a user via tactile sensation or kinesthetic sensation. According to one embodiment, thehaptic module 1879 may include, for example, a motor, a piezoelectric element, or an electrical stimulator. - The
camera module 1880 may capture a still image or moving images. According to one embodiment, thecamera module 1880 may include one or more lenses, image sensors, image signal processors, or flashes. - The
power management module 1888 may manage power supplied to theelectronic device 1801. Thepower management module 1888 may be implemented as at least part of, for example, a power management integrated circuit (PMIC). - The
battery 1889 may supply power to at least one component of theelectronic device 1801. According to one embodiment, thebattery 1889 may include, for example, a primary cell which is not rechargeable, a secondary cell which is rechargeable, or a fuel cell. - The
communication module 1890 may support establishing a direct (e.g., wired) communication channel or a wireless communication channel between theelectronic device 1801 and the external electronic device (e.g., theelectronic device 1802, theelectronic device 1804, or the server 1808) and performing communication via the established communication channel. Thecommunication module 1890 may include one or more communication processors that are operable independently from the processor 1820 (e.g., the AP) and supports a direct (e.g., wired) communication or a wireless communication. According to one embodiment, thecommunication module 1890 may include a wireless communication module 1892 (e.g., a cellular communication module, a short-range wireless communication module, or a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) communication module) or a wired communication module 1894 (e.g., a local area network (LAN) communication module or a power line communication (PLC) module). A corresponding one of these communication modules may communicate with the external electronic device via the first network 1898 (e.g., a short-range communication network, such as Bluetooth™, wireless-fidelity (Wi-Fi) direct, or a standard of the Infrared Data Association (IrDA)) or the second network 1899 (e.g., a long-range communication network, such as a cellular network, the Internet, or a computer network (e.g., LAN or wide area network (WAN)). These various types of communication modules may be implemented as a single component (e.g., a single IC), or may be implemented as multiple components (e.g., multiple ICs) that are separate from each other. Thewireless communication module 1892 may identify and authenticate theelectronic device 1801 in a communication network, such as thefirst network 1898 or thesecond network 1899, using subscriber information (e.g., international mobile subscriber identity (IMSI)) stored in thesubscriber identification module 1896. - The
antenna module 1897 may transmit or receive a signal or power to or from the outside (e.g., the external electronic device) of theelectronic device 1801. According to one embodiment, theantenna module 1897 may include one or more antennas, and, therefrom, at least one antenna appropriate for a communication scheme used in the communication network, such as thefirst network 1898 or thesecond network 1899, may be selected, for example, by the communication module 1890 (e.g., the wireless communication module 1892). The signal or the power may then be transmitted or received between thecommunication module 1890 and the external electronic device via the selected at least one antenna. - At least some of the above-described components may be mutually coupled and communicate signals (e.g., commands or data) therebetween via an inter-peripheral communication scheme (e.g., a bus, a general purpose input and output (GPIO), a serial peripheral interface (SPI), or a mobile industry processor interface (MIPI)).
- According to one embodiment, commands or data may be transmitted or received between the
electronic device 1801 and the externalelectronic device 1804 via theserver 1808 coupled with thesecond network 1899. Each of theelectronic devices electronic device 1801. All or some of operations to be executed at theelectronic device 1801 may be executed at one or more of the externalelectronic devices electronic device 1801 should perform a function or a service automatically, or in response to a request from a user or another device, theelectronic device 1801, instead of, or in addition to, executing the function or the service, may request the one or more external electronic devices to perform at least part of the function or the service. The one or more external electronic devices receiving the request may perform the at least part of the function or the service requested, or an additional function or an additional service related to the request, and transfer an outcome of the performing to theelectronic device 1801. Theelectronic device 1801 may provide the outcome, with or without further processing of the outcome, as at least part of a reply to the request. To that end, a cloud computing, distributed computing, or client-server computing technology may be used, for example. - One embodiment may be implemented as software (e.g., the program 1840) including one or more instructions that are stored in a storage medium (e.g.,
internal memory 1836 or external memory 1838) that is readable by a machine (e.g., the electronic device 1801). For example, a processor of theelectronic device 1801 may invoke at least one of the one or more instructions stored in the storage medium, and execute it, with or without using one or more other components under the control of the processor. Thus, a machine may be operated to perform at least one function according to the at least one instruction invoked. The one or more instructions may include code generated by a complier or code executable by an interpreter. A machine-readable storage medium may be provided in the form of a non-transitory storage medium. The term “non-transitory” indicates that the storage medium is a tangible device, and does not include a signal (e.g., an electromagnetic wave), but this term does not differentiate between where data is semi-permanently stored in the storage medium and where the data is temporarily stored in the storage medium. - According to one embodiment, a method of the disclosure may be included and provided in a computer program product. The computer program product may be traded as a product between a seller and a buyer. The computer program product may be distributed in the form of a machine-readable storage medium (e.g., a compact disc read only memory (CD-ROM)), or be distributed (e.g., downloaded or uploaded) online via an application store (e.g., Play Store™), or between two user devices (e.g., smart phones) directly. If distributed online, at least part of the computer program product may be temporarily generated or at least temporarily stored in the machine-readable storage medium, such as memory of the manufacturer's server, a server of the application store, or a relay server.
- According to one embodiment, each component (e.g., a module or a program) of the above-described components may include a single entity or multiple entities. One or more of the above-described components may be omitted, or one or more other components may be added. Alternatively or additionally, a plurality of components (e.g., modules or programs) may be integrated into a single component. In this case, the integrated component may still perform one or more functions of each of the plurality of components in the same or similar manner as they are performed by a corresponding one of the plurality of components before the integration. Operations performed by the module, the program, or another component may be carried out sequentially, in parallel, repeatedly, or heuristically, or one or more of the operations may be executed in a different order or omitted, or one or more other operations may be added.
- Although certain embodiments of the present disclosure have been described in the detailed description of the present disclosure, the present disclosure may be modified in various forms without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. Thus, the scope of the present disclosure shall not be determined merely based on the described embodiments, but rather determined based on the accompanying claims and equivalents thereto.
Claims (20)
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KR1020200063646A KR20210027050A (en) | 2019-08-28 | 2020-05-27 | Multiphase injection locked phase locked loop (pll) based local oscillator (lo) in-phase/quadrature phase (iq) multiplier |
TW109124711A TW202110094A (en) | 2019-08-28 | 2020-07-22 | Multiphase injection locked phase locked loop based local oscillator in- phase /quadrature phase multiplier, method of operating the same and electronic device |
CN202010812030.8A CN112448716A (en) | 2019-08-28 | 2020-08-13 | Local oscillator i/q multiplier |
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US16/839,124 US20210067166A1 (en) | 2019-08-28 | 2020-04-03 | Multiphase injection locked sub-sampling phase locked loop (pll) circuit |
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US11777541B2 (en) * | 2020-08-07 | 2023-10-03 | Beijing Boe Technology Development Co., Ltd. | Digital fingerprint generation circuit, generation method and electronic device |
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2020
- 2020-03-31 US US16/835,778 patent/US11115005B2/en active Active
- 2020-04-03 US US16/839,124 patent/US20210067166A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2020-05-27 KR KR1020200063646A patent/KR20210027050A/en unknown
- 2020-06-24 KR KR1020200076885A patent/KR20210028074A/en active Search and Examination
- 2020-07-22 TW TW109124711A patent/TW202110094A/en unknown
- 2020-08-13 CN CN202010812030.8A patent/CN112448716A/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US11777541B2 (en) * | 2020-08-07 | 2023-10-03 | Beijing Boe Technology Development Co., Ltd. | Digital fingerprint generation circuit, generation method and electronic device |
Also Published As
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KR20210028074A (en) | 2021-03-11 |
TW202110094A (en) | 2021-03-01 |
CN112448716A (en) | 2021-03-05 |
US11115005B2 (en) | 2021-09-07 |
US20210067145A1 (en) | 2021-03-04 |
KR20210027050A (en) | 2021-03-10 |
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