US20210047938A1 - Transmission shift control method for reduced torque transients - Google Patents
Transmission shift control method for reduced torque transients Download PDFInfo
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- US20210047938A1 US20210047938A1 US16/539,778 US201916539778A US2021047938A1 US 20210047938 A1 US20210047938 A1 US 20210047938A1 US 201916539778 A US201916539778 A US 201916539778A US 2021047938 A1 US2021047938 A1 US 2021047938A1
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- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 15
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D15/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of engines with devices driven thereby
- F01D15/10—Adaptations for driving, or combinations with, electric generators
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H61/00—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
- F16H61/04—Smoothing ratio shift
- F16H61/0403—Synchronisation before shifting
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C7/00—Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
- F02C7/32—Arrangement, mounting, or driving, of auxiliaries
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C7/00—Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
- F02C7/36—Power transmission arrangements between the different shafts of the gas turbine plant, or between the gas-turbine plant and the power user
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D21/00—Systems comprising a plurality of actuated clutches
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
- F16H3/02—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P9/00—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output
- H02P9/06—Control effected upon clutch or other mechanical power transmission means and dependent upon electric output value of the generator
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
- B60Y2400/00—Special features of vehicle units
- B60Y2400/43—Engines
- B60Y2400/431—Gas turbine engines
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2220/00—Application
- F05D2220/30—Application in turbines
- F05D2220/32—Application in turbines in gas turbines
- F05D2220/321—Application in turbines in gas turbines for a special turbine stage
- F05D2220/3216—Application in turbines in gas turbines for a special turbine stage for a special compressor stage
- F05D2220/3217—Application in turbines in gas turbines for a special turbine stage for a special compressor stage for the first stage of a compressor or a low pressure compressor
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2220/00—Application
- F05D2220/70—Application in combination with
- F05D2220/74—Application in combination with a gas turbine
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H61/00—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
- F16H61/04—Smoothing ratio shift
- F16H61/0403—Synchronisation before shifting
- F16H2061/0422—Synchronisation before shifting by an electric machine, e.g. by accelerating or braking the input shaft
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H2200/00—Transmissions for multiple ratios
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P2101/00—Special adaptation of control arrangements for generators
- H02P2101/25—Special adaptation of control arrangements for generators for combustion engines
Definitions
- the following description relates to transmissions and, more specifically, to a method of transmission shift control for reduced torque transients.
- Modern engines are often configured as gas turbine engines in which combustible materials are combusted and the products of the combustion are directed into a turbine.
- the products of the combustion are expanded whereupon the expanded products of combustion drive rotation of rotors. This occurs in a high-pressure spool (HS), which is associated with regions in which the products of combustion have relatively high pressures and high temperatures, and in a low-pressure spool (LS), which is associated with regions in which the products of combustion have relatively low pressures and low temperatures.
- HS high-pressure spool
- LS low-pressure spool
- a power extraction system includes a low-pressure spool of a gas turbine engine, the low-pressure spool being rotatable at an input rotational speed between a first minimum speed and a first maximum speed, downstream components rotatable at an output rotational speed between a second minimum speed and a second maximum speed and a transmission assembly by which rotations of the low-pressure spool at the input rotational speed are transmittable at the output rotational speed to the downstream components.
- the transmission assembly includes clutches and a controller configured to control openings and closings of the clutches according to an upshifting algorithm whereby a torque applied by the downstream components is used to reduce the output rotational speed to an output speed of a gear into which the transmission assembly is shifting.
- the gas turbine engine includes a high-pressure spool, which is rotatable by relatively high-pressure and high-temperature fluids, and the low-pressure spool, which is rotatable by relatively low-pressure and low-temperature fluids.
- the downstream components include a generator and the torque applied by the downstream components includes drag torque.
- the second minimum speed is greater than the first minimum speed.
- the first minimum speed is between 2,000 and 4,000 rpm
- the first maximum speed is greater than 18,000 rpm
- the second minimum speed is between 6,000 and 8,000 rpm
- the second maximum speed is about 16,000 rpm.
- the transmission assembly includes an input shaft coupled to the low-pressure spool and an output shaft coupled to the downstream components and input torque is transmitted from the input shaft to the output shaft via the clutches.
- the transmission assembly further includes sensors operably disposed to sense rotational speeds of the input and output shafts and the clutches include a first clutch and a second clutch which are controlled by the controller to open and close in an alternating sequence in accordance with readings of the sensors.
- the output rotational speed is reduced to the output speed of the gear into which the transmission assembly is shifting at one of a substantially constant input rotational speed and a variable input rotational speed.
- a transmission assembly of a power extraction system includes an input shaft coupled to a low-pressure spool of a gas turbine engine whereby rotations of the low-pressure spool between first minimum and maximum speeds drive input shaft rotations at an input rotational speed, an output shaft coupled to downstream components whereby output shaft rotations at an output rotational speed drive rotations of the downstream components between second minimum and maximum speeds, clutches by which the input shaft rotations at the input rotational speed drive output shaft rotations at the output rotational speed and a controller.
- the controller is configured to control openings and closings of the clutches according to an upshifting algorithm whereby a torque applied by the downstream components is used to reduce the output rotational speed to an output speed of a gear into which the transmission assembly is shifting.
- the gas turbine engine includes a high-pressure spool, which is rotatable by relatively high-pressure and high-temperature fluids, and the low-pressure spool, which is rotatable by relatively low-pressure and low-temperature fluids.
- downstream components include a generator and the torque applied by the downstream components comprises drag torque.
- the second minimum speed is greater than the first minimum speed.
- the first minimum speed is between 2,000 and 4,000 rpm
- the first maximum speed is greater than 18,000 rpm
- the second minimum speed is between 6,000 and 8,000 rpm
- the second maximum speed is about 16,000 rpm.
- sensors are operably disposed to sense rotational speeds of the input and output shafts and the clutches include a first clutch and a second clutch which are controlled by the controller to open and close in an alternating sequence in accordance with readings of the sensors.
- the output rotational speed is reduced to the output speed of the gear into which the transmission assembly is shifting at one of a substantially constant input rotational speed and a variable input rotational speed.
- the power extraction system includes a low-pressure spool of a gas turbine engine, the low-pressure spool being rotatable at an input rotational speed between first minimum and maximum speeds, downstream components rotatable at an output rotational speed between second minimum and maximum speeds and a transmission assembly including clutches by which rotations of the low-pressure spool at the input rotational speed are transmittable at the output rotational speed to the downstream components.
- the method includes controlling openings and closings of the clutches according to an upshifting algorithm whereby a torque applied by the downstream components is used to reduce the output rotational speed to an output speed of a gear into which the transmission assembly is shifting.
- the method further includes sensing the input and output rotational speeds and that the controlling is executed in accordance with the sensing.
- the controlling includes closing a first one of the clutches in a first gear during a first ramping-up of the input rotational speed, opening the first one of the clutches at a first predefined output rotational speed, using the torque applied by the downstream components to reduce the output rotational speed to the output speed of a second gear, closing a second one of the clutches in the second gear when the output rotational speed reaches the output speed of the second gear and during a second ramping-up of the input rotational speed, opening the second one of the clutches at a second predefined output rotational speed and using the torque applied by the downstream components to reduce the output rotational speed to the output speed of a third gear.
- the method further includes repeating a sequence of opening and closing the first and second ones of the clutches.
- the method further includes using the torque applied by the downstream components to reduce the output rotational speed to the output speed of the gear into which the transmission assembly is shifting at one of a substantially constant input rotational speed and a variable input rotational speed.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a transmission system in accordance with embodiments.
- FIG. 2 is a graphical depiction of a transmission control method for reduced torque transients in accordance with embodiments.
- an upshifting methodology is provided where, instead of opening a first clutch pack while closing a second clutch pack (which would result in a torque transient due to the sudden speed change), a drag torque of a generator and/or other engine accessories is used to reduce an output speed of the transmission until the output speed matches the output speed of the gear that the transmission will shift into.
- Speed sensors on the transmission input and output are used in conjunction with algorithms to determine when to close the second clutch pack.
- a power extraction system 101 includes a gas turbine engine 110 .
- the gas turbine engine 110 includes a compressor 111 , which compresses inlet air, a combustor 112 in which the compressed inlet air is mixed with fuel and combusted to produce fluids in the form of products of the combustion and a turbine 113 .
- the fluids are expanded to drive rotations of a rotor 114 .
- the rotations of the rotor 114 drives operations of the compressor 111 .
- the rotor 114 can have a high-pressure spool (HS) 115 and a low-pressure spool (LS) 116 .
- HS high-pressure spool
- LS low-pressure spool
- the HS 115 is rotatably driven in portions of the turbine 113 associated with an expansion of relatively high-pressure and high-temperature fluids and the LS 116 is rotatably driven in portions of the turbine 113 associated with an expansion of relatively low-pressure and low-temperature fluids.
- the LS 116 is thus rotatable at an input rotational speed defined inclusively between a first minimum speed and a first maximum speed.
- the power extraction system 101 further includes downstream components 120 and a transmission assembly 130 .
- the downstream components 120 are rotatable at an output rotational speed between a second minimum speed and a second maximum speed.
- the downstream components 120 can be provided, for example, as a generator 121 .
- the generator 121 can be configured to generate electricity and can be coupled to an electrical load 122 that is receptive of and operated by the generated electricity.
- the electrical load 122 thus exerts or applies a torque (i.e., a drag torque) on the generator 121 .
- the transmission assembly 130 is disposed and configured such that rotations of the LS 116 at the input rotational speed are transmittable at the output rotational speed to the downstream components 120 .
- a range of the input rotational speed is about 8:1 between the first maximum speed and the first minimum speed whereas a range of the output rotational speed is about ⁇ 2.2:1 between the second maximum speed and the second minimum speed.
- the second minimum speed can be, but is not required to be, greater than the first minimum speed and the second maximum speed can be, but is not required to be, less than the first maximum speed.
- the first minimum speed can be between 2,000 and 4,000 rpm
- the first maximum speed can be greater than 18,000 rpm
- the second minimum speed can be between 6,000 and 8,000 rpm
- the second maximum speed can be about 16,000 rpm.
- the transmission assembly 130 includes an input shaft 131 , an output shaft 132 , clutches 133 , sensors 134 and a controller 135 .
- the input shaft 131 is coupled to the LS 116 such that input torque is applied to the input shaft 131 by the LS 116 and such that the input shaft 131 is rotated at the input rotational speed by the LS 116 .
- the output shaft 132 is coupled to the downstream components 120 such that the output shaft 132 applies output torque to the downstream components 120 and such that the downstream components 120 are rotated at the output rotational speed by the output shaft 132 .
- the input torque is transmitted from the input shaft 131 to the output shaft 132 via the clutches 133 .
- the clutches 133 can include at least a first clutch 1331 and a second clutch 1332 .
- the sensors 134 can be operably disposed on the input shaft 131 and the output shaft 132 to sense rotational speeds thereof.
- the controller 135 is configured to control openings and closings of the clutches 133 (i.e., to control the openings and closings of the first clutch 1331 and the second clutch 1332 in an alternating sequence) according to readings of the sensors 134 and according to an upshifting algorithm.
- the torque applied by the downstream components 120 i.e., the drag torque
- the drag torque is used to reduce the output rotational speed to an output speed of a gear into which the transmission assembly 130 is shifting. This will be described in further detail with reference back to FIG. 2 .
- the first clutch 1331 is closed in a first gear during a first ramping-up of the input rotational speed (from 0 rpm to about 4,500 rpm) and is opened at a first predefined output rotational speed (at about 14,000 rpm).
- the drag torque applied by the downstream components 120 is then used to reduce the output rotational speed to the output speed of a second gear and the second clutch 1332 is closed in the second gear when the output rotational speed reaches the output speed of the second gear.
- the second clutch 1332 remains closed during a second ramping-up of the input rotational speed (from about 4,500 rpm to about 6,200 rpm) and is opened at a second predefined output rotational speed (at about 14,000 rpm).
- the drag torque applied by the downstream components 120 is then used to reduce the output rotational speed to the output speed of a third gear and the first clutch 1331 is closed in the third gear when the output rotational speed reaches the output speed of the third gear.
- the first clutch 1331 remains closed during a third ramping-up of the input rotational speed (from about 6,200 rpm to about 8,700 rpm) and is opened at a second predefined output rotational speed (at about 12,500 rpm).
- the drag torque applied by the downstream components 120 is then used to reduce the output rotational speed to the output speed of a fourth gear and the second clutch 1332 is closed in the fourth gear when the output rotational speed reaches the output speed of the fourth gear.
- the second clutch 1332 remains closed during a fourth ramping-up of the input rotational speed (from about 8,700 rpm to about 18,000 rpm).
- the output rotational speed can be reduced to the output speed of the gear into which the transmission assembly 130 is shifting at one of a substantially constant input rotational speed (see, e.g., the upshifts from the first gear to the second gear and from the second gear to the third gear) and a variable input rotational speed (see, e.g., the upshift from the third gear to the fourth gear).
- a substantially constant input rotational speed see, e.g., the upshifts from the first gear to the second gear and from the second gear to the third gear
- a variable input rotational speed see, e.g., the upshift from the third gear to the fourth gear
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Abstract
Description
- The following description relates to transmissions and, more specifically, to a method of transmission shift control for reduced torque transients.
- Modern engines are often configured as gas turbine engines in which combustible materials are combusted and the products of the combustion are directed into a turbine. Within the turbine, the products of the combustion are expanded whereupon the expanded products of combustion drive rotation of rotors. This occurs in a high-pressure spool (HS), which is associated with regions in which the products of combustion have relatively high pressures and high temperatures, and in a low-pressure spool (LS), which is associated with regions in which the products of combustion have relatively low pressures and low temperatures.
- Recently, engine manufacturers have been attempting to transfer accessory power extraction from the HS to the LS. Doing so can be problematic, however, since a typical LS speed range (up to 10:1) does not necessarily align with a typical accessory speed range (˜2.2:1). This issue has been addressed previously by the use of multi-speed shifting transmissions to condition LS output speeds but, in these cases, transmission shifts caused sudden speed changes to downstream components (i.e., generators). These sudden speed changes resulted in torque transients to the driveline components which, in turn, led to undesirable consequences including increased stress and wear, reduced life and dynamic responses.
- According to an aspect of the disclosure, a power extraction system is provided and includes a low-pressure spool of a gas turbine engine, the low-pressure spool being rotatable at an input rotational speed between a first minimum speed and a first maximum speed, downstream components rotatable at an output rotational speed between a second minimum speed and a second maximum speed and a transmission assembly by which rotations of the low-pressure spool at the input rotational speed are transmittable at the output rotational speed to the downstream components. The transmission assembly includes clutches and a controller configured to control openings and closings of the clutches according to an upshifting algorithm whereby a torque applied by the downstream components is used to reduce the output rotational speed to an output speed of a gear into which the transmission assembly is shifting.
- In accordance with additional or alternative embodiments, the gas turbine engine includes a high-pressure spool, which is rotatable by relatively high-pressure and high-temperature fluids, and the low-pressure spool, which is rotatable by relatively low-pressure and low-temperature fluids.
- In accordance with additional or alternative embodiments, the downstream components include a generator and the torque applied by the downstream components includes drag torque.
- In accordance with additional or alternative embodiments, the second minimum speed is greater than the first minimum speed.
- In accordance with additional or alternative embodiments, the first minimum speed is between 2,000 and 4,000 rpm, the first maximum speed is greater than 18,000 rpm, the second minimum speed is between 6,000 and 8,000 rpm and the second maximum speed is about 16,000 rpm.
- In accordance with additional or alternative embodiments, the transmission assembly includes an input shaft coupled to the low-pressure spool and an output shaft coupled to the downstream components and input torque is transmitted from the input shaft to the output shaft via the clutches.
- In accordance with additional or alternative embodiments, the transmission assembly further includes sensors operably disposed to sense rotational speeds of the input and output shafts and the clutches include a first clutch and a second clutch which are controlled by the controller to open and close in an alternating sequence in accordance with readings of the sensors.
- In accordance with additional or alternative embodiments, the output rotational speed is reduced to the output speed of the gear into which the transmission assembly is shifting at one of a substantially constant input rotational speed and a variable input rotational speed.
- According to an aspect of the disclosure, a transmission assembly of a power extraction system is provided. The transmission assembly includes an input shaft coupled to a low-pressure spool of a gas turbine engine whereby rotations of the low-pressure spool between first minimum and maximum speeds drive input shaft rotations at an input rotational speed, an output shaft coupled to downstream components whereby output shaft rotations at an output rotational speed drive rotations of the downstream components between second minimum and maximum speeds, clutches by which the input shaft rotations at the input rotational speed drive output shaft rotations at the output rotational speed and a controller. The controller is configured to control openings and closings of the clutches according to an upshifting algorithm whereby a torque applied by the downstream components is used to reduce the output rotational speed to an output speed of a gear into which the transmission assembly is shifting.
- In accordance with additional or alternative embodiments, the gas turbine engine includes a high-pressure spool, which is rotatable by relatively high-pressure and high-temperature fluids, and the low-pressure spool, which is rotatable by relatively low-pressure and low-temperature fluids.
- In accordance with additional or alternative embodiments, the downstream components include a generator and the torque applied by the downstream components comprises drag torque.
- In accordance with additional or alternative embodiments, the second minimum speed is greater than the first minimum speed.
- In accordance with additional or alternative embodiments, the first minimum speed is between 2,000 and 4,000 rpm, the first maximum speed is greater than 18,000 rpm, the second minimum speed is between 6,000 and 8,000 rpm and the second maximum speed is about 16,000 rpm.
- In accordance with additional or alternative embodiments, sensors are operably disposed to sense rotational speeds of the input and output shafts and the clutches include a first clutch and a second clutch which are controlled by the controller to open and close in an alternating sequence in accordance with readings of the sensors.
- In accordance with additional or alternative embodiments, the output rotational speed is reduced to the output speed of the gear into which the transmission assembly is shifting at one of a substantially constant input rotational speed and a variable input rotational speed.
- According to another aspect of the disclosure, a method of operating a power extraction system is provided. The power extraction system includes a low-pressure spool of a gas turbine engine, the low-pressure spool being rotatable at an input rotational speed between first minimum and maximum speeds, downstream components rotatable at an output rotational speed between second minimum and maximum speeds and a transmission assembly including clutches by which rotations of the low-pressure spool at the input rotational speed are transmittable at the output rotational speed to the downstream components. The method includes controlling openings and closings of the clutches according to an upshifting algorithm whereby a torque applied by the downstream components is used to reduce the output rotational speed to an output speed of a gear into which the transmission assembly is shifting.
- In accordance with additional or alternative embodiments, the method further includes sensing the input and output rotational speeds and that the controlling is executed in accordance with the sensing.
- In accordance with additional or alternative embodiments, the controlling includes closing a first one of the clutches in a first gear during a first ramping-up of the input rotational speed, opening the first one of the clutches at a first predefined output rotational speed, using the torque applied by the downstream components to reduce the output rotational speed to the output speed of a second gear, closing a second one of the clutches in the second gear when the output rotational speed reaches the output speed of the second gear and during a second ramping-up of the input rotational speed, opening the second one of the clutches at a second predefined output rotational speed and using the torque applied by the downstream components to reduce the output rotational speed to the output speed of a third gear.
- In accordance with additional or alternative embodiments, the method further includes repeating a sequence of opening and closing the first and second ones of the clutches.
- In accordance with additional or alternative embodiments, the method further includes using the torque applied by the downstream components to reduce the output rotational speed to the output speed of the gear into which the transmission assembly is shifting at one of a substantially constant input rotational speed and a variable input rotational speed.
- These and other advantages and features will become more apparent from the following description taken in conjunction with the drawings.
- The subject matter, which is regarded as the disclosure, is particularly pointed out and distinctly claimed in the claims at the conclusion of the specification. The foregoing and other features and advantages of the disclosure are apparent from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:
-
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a transmission system in accordance with embodiments; and -
FIG. 2 is a graphical depiction of a transmission control method for reduced torque transients in accordance with embodiments. - These and other advantages and features will become more apparent from the following description taken in conjunction with the drawings.
- As will be described below, an upshifting methodology is provided where, instead of opening a first clutch pack while closing a second clutch pack (which would result in a torque transient due to the sudden speed change), a drag torque of a generator and/or other engine accessories is used to reduce an output speed of the transmission until the output speed matches the output speed of the gear that the transmission will shift into. Speed sensors on the transmission input and output are used in conjunction with algorithms to determine when to close the second clutch pack.
- With reference to
FIG. 1 , apower extraction system 101 is provided and includes agas turbine engine 110. Thegas turbine engine 110 includes acompressor 111, which compresses inlet air, acombustor 112 in which the compressed inlet air is mixed with fuel and combusted to produce fluids in the form of products of the combustion and aturbine 113. Within theturbine 113, the fluids are expanded to drive rotations of arotor 114. The rotations of therotor 114 drives operations of thecompressor 111. Therotor 114 can have a high-pressure spool (HS) 115 and a low-pressure spool (LS) 116. TheHS 115 is rotatably driven in portions of theturbine 113 associated with an expansion of relatively high-pressure and high-temperature fluids and theLS 116 is rotatably driven in portions of theturbine 113 associated with an expansion of relatively low-pressure and low-temperature fluids. TheLS 116 is thus rotatable at an input rotational speed defined inclusively between a first minimum speed and a first maximum speed. - The
power extraction system 101 further includesdownstream components 120 and atransmission assembly 130. Thedownstream components 120 are rotatable at an output rotational speed between a second minimum speed and a second maximum speed. Thedownstream components 120 can be provided, for example, as agenerator 121. Thegenerator 121 can be configured to generate electricity and can be coupled to anelectrical load 122 that is receptive of and operated by the generated electricity. Theelectrical load 122 thus exerts or applies a torque (i.e., a drag torque) on thegenerator 121. Thetransmission assembly 130 is disposed and configured such that rotations of theLS 116 at the input rotational speed are transmittable at the output rotational speed to thedownstream components 120. - With reference to
FIG. 2 and, in accordance with embodiments, a range of the input rotational speed is about 8:1 between the first maximum speed and the first minimum speed whereas a range of the output rotational speed is about ˜2.2:1 between the second maximum speed and the second minimum speed. As such, the second minimum speed can be, but is not required to be, greater than the first minimum speed and the second maximum speed can be, but is not required to be, less than the first maximum speed. In accordance with further embodiments, the first minimum speed can be between 2,000 and 4,000 rpm, the first maximum speed can be greater than 18,000 rpm, the second minimum speed can be between 6,000 and 8,000 rpm and the second maximum speed can be about 16,000 rpm. - With reference back to
FIG. 1 , thetransmission assembly 130 includes aninput shaft 131, anoutput shaft 132,clutches 133,sensors 134 and acontroller 135. Theinput shaft 131 is coupled to theLS 116 such that input torque is applied to theinput shaft 131 by theLS 116 and such that theinput shaft 131 is rotated at the input rotational speed by theLS 116. Theoutput shaft 132 is coupled to thedownstream components 120 such that theoutput shaft 132 applies output torque to thedownstream components 120 and such that thedownstream components 120 are rotated at the output rotational speed by theoutput shaft 132. The input torque is transmitted from theinput shaft 131 to theoutput shaft 132 via theclutches 133. Theclutches 133 can include at least a first clutch 1331 and a second clutch 1332. Thesensors 134 can be operably disposed on theinput shaft 131 and theoutput shaft 132 to sense rotational speeds thereof. Thecontroller 135 is configured to control openings and closings of the clutches 133 (i.e., to control the openings and closings of the first clutch 1331 and the second clutch 1332 in an alternating sequence) according to readings of thesensors 134 and according to an upshifting algorithm. According to the upshifting algorithm which is designed to control upshifts (i.e., from first gear to second gear, from second gear to third gear, etc.), the torque applied by the downstream components 120 (i.e., the drag torque) is used to reduce the output rotational speed to an output speed of a gear into which thetransmission assembly 130 is shifting. This will be described in further detail with reference back toFIG. 2 . - As shown in
FIG. 2 and, in accordance with embodiments, an execution of the controlling of the openings and the closings of theclutches 133 will now be described. Initially, the first clutch 1331 is closed in a first gear during a first ramping-up of the input rotational speed (from 0 rpm to about 4,500 rpm) and is opened at a first predefined output rotational speed (at about 14,000 rpm). The drag torque applied by thedownstream components 120 is then used to reduce the output rotational speed to the output speed of a second gear and the second clutch 1332 is closed in the second gear when the output rotational speed reaches the output speed of the second gear. The second clutch 1332 remains closed during a second ramping-up of the input rotational speed (from about 4,500 rpm to about 6,200 rpm) and is opened at a second predefined output rotational speed (at about 14,000 rpm). The drag torque applied by thedownstream components 120 is then used to reduce the output rotational speed to the output speed of a third gear and the first clutch 1331 is closed in the third gear when the output rotational speed reaches the output speed of the third gear. The first clutch 1331 remains closed during a third ramping-up of the input rotational speed (from about 6,200 rpm to about 8,700 rpm) and is opened at a second predefined output rotational speed (at about 12,500 rpm). The drag torque applied by thedownstream components 120 is then used to reduce the output rotational speed to the output speed of a fourth gear and the second clutch 1332 is closed in the fourth gear when the output rotational speed reaches the output speed of the fourth gear. The second clutch 1332 remains closed during a fourth ramping-up of the input rotational speed (from about 8,700 rpm to about 18,000 rpm). - As shown in
FIG. 2 , the output rotational speed can be reduced to the output speed of the gear into which thetransmission assembly 130 is shifting at one of a substantially constant input rotational speed (see, e.g., the upshifts from the first gear to the second gear and from the second gear to the third gear) and a variable input rotational speed (see, e.g., the upshift from the third gear to the fourth gear). - Technical effects and benefits of the disclosure are the provision of minimal speed changes during upshifts resulting in reduced torque transients. This leads to reduced torque transients that are passed on to downstream components and results in increased life and reliability of the downstream and transmission driveline components. The shifting methodology also results in reduced slippage and wear of the transmission clutch components.
- While the disclosure is provided in detail in connection with only a limited number of embodiments, it should be readily understood that the disclosure is not limited to such disclosed embodiments. Rather, the disclosure can be modified to incorporate any number of variations, alterations, substitutions or equivalent arrangements not heretofore described, but which are commensurate with the spirit and scope of the disclosure. Additionally, while various embodiments of the disclosure have been described, it is to be understood that the exemplary embodiment(s) may include only some of the described exemplary aspects. Accordingly, the disclosure is not to be seen as limited by the foregoing description, but is only limited by the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (20)
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US16/539,778 US10900374B1 (en) | 2019-08-13 | 2019-08-13 | Transmission shift control method for reduced torque transients |
EP19215827.7A EP3779242B1 (en) | 2019-08-13 | 2019-12-12 | Transmission shift control method for reduced torque transients |
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US16/539,778 US10900374B1 (en) | 2019-08-13 | 2019-08-13 | Transmission shift control method for reduced torque transients |
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US20220352836A1 (en) * | 2021-04-29 | 2022-11-03 | Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation | Aircraft engine system including a clutch and motor controller for selectively connecting a generator and a turbine engine |
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US20060137355A1 (en) * | 2004-12-27 | 2006-06-29 | Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp. | Fan driven emergency generator |
US20080200299A1 (en) * | 2007-02-16 | 2008-08-21 | David Everett Russ | Multi-speed gearbox for low spool driven auxiliary component |
US8876650B2 (en) * | 2012-03-30 | 2014-11-04 | Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation | Aircraft accessory drive multiple speed transmission |
US20190039454A1 (en) * | 2017-08-01 | 2019-02-07 | United Technologies Corporation | Automatic transmission |
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KR101327864B1 (en) | 2011-12-23 | 2013-11-11 | 대동공업주식회사 | Shift shock decreasing system of Electric Multi-purpose Utility vehicle |
EP3514410A1 (en) * | 2018-01-17 | 2019-07-24 | Dana Italia S.r.L. | Electric driveline and method of shifting gears |
GB201804128D0 (en) | 2018-03-15 | 2018-05-02 | Rolls Royce Plc | Electrical power generator system |
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US20060137355A1 (en) * | 2004-12-27 | 2006-06-29 | Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp. | Fan driven emergency generator |
US20080200299A1 (en) * | 2007-02-16 | 2008-08-21 | David Everett Russ | Multi-speed gearbox for low spool driven auxiliary component |
US8876650B2 (en) * | 2012-03-30 | 2014-11-04 | Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation | Aircraft accessory drive multiple speed transmission |
US20190039454A1 (en) * | 2017-08-01 | 2019-02-07 | United Technologies Corporation | Automatic transmission |
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