US20210039152A1 - Hot stamp cell - Google Patents
Hot stamp cell Download PDFInfo
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- US20210039152A1 US20210039152A1 US17/078,693 US202017078693A US2021039152A1 US 20210039152 A1 US20210039152 A1 US 20210039152A1 US 202017078693 A US202017078693 A US 202017078693A US 2021039152 A1 US2021039152 A1 US 2021039152A1
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Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
- B21D22/02—Stamping using rigid devices or tools
- B21D22/022—Stamping using rigid devices or tools by heating the blank or stamping associated with heat treatment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25J—MANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
- B25J15/00—Gripping heads and other end effectors
- B25J15/0014—Gripping heads and other end effectors having fork, comb or plate shaped means for engaging the lower surface on a object to be transported
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/005—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment of ferrous alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/0068—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for particular articles not mentioned below
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/008—Martensite
Definitions
- the present invention relates to hot stamp cells.
- Stamping is a process by which a metal blank is formed into a complex shape either for further processing or for end use.
- Blanks are usually cut from stock material such as sheet, plate, rod, or tube and placed in a tool in a press. The load applied by the press forces the blank to the shape of the tool to produce the required complex shape.
- Hot stamping uses a similar process but elevates the temperature of the blank. This not only reduces the forces required to form the blank to the required shape but also can take advantage of the metallurgical properties of the blank to produce a superior product.
- the tool is cooled and therefore a hot blank cools rapidly during the forming operation. The cooling results in a change of the metallurgical structure and enhances the properties of the finished article.
- Hot stamping is typically used in high-volume components, such as those used in the automotive industry, and efficiency of production is paramount. Heating to the required temperature and cooling under controlled conditions introduces intermittent steps within what is essentially a continuous process. Intermittent steps within the process can reduce efficiency and failure of one of the process steps can lead to a significant maintenance problem and backing up of the product flow.
- One of the common problems found in existing hot stamp cells is the accurate placement of the blank as it moves from one stage of the process to another. It is common to utilize a linear conveyor to move the blanks through a heating zone, but if a blank is misplaced on such a conveyor then there is a likelihood that the entire production of the blanks is interrupted until the misplaced blank is removed. In such a system, the blank is gripped at opposite ends and released when over the conveyor. The blank is essentially dropped on to the conveyor and is relatively easily misplaced. Where the conveyor is moving the blank through an oven over an extended period, there is clearly a significant risk of interruption of the process whilst a misplaced blank is retrieved.
- One common method of moving blanks through a heating zone is with a series of rotating ceramic rollers.
- German patent application 102010027439 discloses a hot stamped cell in which a blank is moved into a furnace using a robot arm.
- the furnace has cooling cells at opposite ends of the furnace so that the outer ends of the blank may be cooled while the central portion is heated.
- the blank is supported on webs between end cooling blocks.
- the oven disclosed in this German application has a single door meaning that each of the blanks must be inserted and removed through the same door.
- German patent application 102009019496 shows a furnace having a plurality of ovens or heating stations to treat a part.
- the heating station has a series of vertically stacked heat chambers and the part enters and exits at separate points of the heat chamber.
- the blanks are moved into and through the chamber on a trolley or cart and utilizes stationary columns with lifts to move the part into and out of the heat chambers of the furnaces.
- German patent application 2232426 also discloses a series of ovens or heating stations with the floor of the heating chamber elevated to support the blank.
- a method of forming a finished component in a hot stamp cell having a press to form a blank in to a finished component, said press having a form tool and a piercing tool and said method comprising the steps of inserting a blank in to said form tool in a first metallurgical condition, operating said press to close said form tool and form said blank, dwelling said press with said form tool closed while said blank changes from said one metallurgical condition to another metallurgical condition, and maintaining said blank within said form tool while operating said piecing tool when said other condition is attained.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of a first embodiment of hot stamp cell
- FIG. 2 is a representation of a robot used with the hot stamp cell of FIG. 1
- FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a material handling tool used on the robot of FIG. 2
- FIG. 4 is a side elevation of the material handling tool of FIG. 3
- FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of a connection of the material handling tool of FIG. 3 to the robot.
- FIG. 6 is a perspective view of an oven used in the hot stamp cell of FIG. 1
- FIG. 7 is a perspective view of a portion of the oven shown in FIG. 6
- FIG. 8 is a horizontal section through the oven of FIG. 6
- FIG. 9 is a vertical section through the oven of FIG. 6
- FIG. 10 is a view in the direction of the arrow X-X of FIG. 7
- FIG. 11 is a perspective view of a press
- FIG. 12 is a view similar to FIG. 3 of a further embodiment of material handling tool
- FIG. 13 is a view similar to FIG. 3 of a still further embodiment of material handling tool.
- FIG. 14 is a schematic representation of a further embodiment of hot stamp cell
- FIG. 15 is a schematic representation of the press of FIG. 11 in a forming position
- FIG. 16 is a schematic representation similar to FIG. 15 with the press fully closed
- FIG. 17 is a perspective of a die shown in FIG. 15 to show a cooling system of the die
- FIG. 18 is a view on the line XVIII-XVIII of FIG. 17 ;
- FIG. 19 is a view on the line XIX-XIX of FIG. 18 ;
- FIG. 20 is a plan view on the line XX-XX of FIG. 19 ;
- FIG. 21 is a flow diagram of the process implemented by the hot stamp cell.
- a hot stamp cell generally indicated at 10 includes a pair of ovens 12 and a press 14 .
- Robots 16 are located to one side of each of the ovens and similar robots 18 are located between the ovens 12 and the press 14 .
- a pair of robots 16 feed a pair of ovens 12 and the robots 18 transfer blanks B from each of the ovens 12 to supply the press 14 .
- the processing of the blanks B is similar through each of the ovens 12 , only one stream of the cell 10 will be described in detail.
- De-stacking robots 20 are located between a pallet 22 and a transfer table 24 and unloading robots 26 are positioned on the opposite side of the press 14 to the robots 18 with conveyors 28 located adjacent to the unloading robots 26 .
- Transfer table 24 includes a plinth 25 to locate a blank B to provide positive and repeatable blank positioning.
- the plinth 25 also maintains the blanks B elevated on plinths to provide a clearance beneath the blanks B.
- the plinth 25 includes adjustable guides to permit slight corrections in the positioning of the blanks B and an integrated weigh scale system and proximity sensors ensure that the blanks are indeed present, properly seated and not doubled-up on top of each other.
- the purpose of the transfer table 24 is to “hand-off” the destacked blanks that are picked up by the robot 20 to the robots 16 that are able to load the ovens.
- the use of the transfer table 24 ensures an accurate orientation of the blanks B after removal from the pallet 22 .
- the purpose of the hot stamp cell 10 is to process blanks indicated at B into a finished component C.
- the operation of the robots is controlled by a central controller 29 that sequences the movement of the robots to move the blanks B through the cell 10 to provide the finished components C.
- the blanks B are located within the pallet 22 and the de-stacking robot 20 transfers blanks B individually to the transfer table 24 .
- the blanks are held at the transfer table 24 until and a robot 16 secures the blanks B and transfers them into the oven 12 .
- the blanks B remain in the oven 12 until they have attained the required temperature and are then removed from the oven 12 by the robots 18 and placed into the press 14 .
- the press operates to transform the blank into a complex shape and the unloading robot 26 removes the finished shape and places it on the conveyor 28 .
- the robots 16 , 18 , 20 and 26 may be of any generally available form having the required degrees of movement to effect transfer between the stations.
- a typical form of robot 16 is shown in FIG. 2 and has a base 30 with a pair of pivotally connected arms 32 , 34 .
- the arm 32 is pivotally mounted on the base 30 so as to be movable about orthogonal horizontal and vertical axes and a wrist 36 is secured to the distal end of the arm 34 .
- the base 30 is mounted on rails 38 to allow translation of the base 30 .
- the wrist 36 allows movement about three mutually perpendicular axes and carries a material handling device 40 at the opposite end to the arm 34 .
- the material handling device 40 can best be seen in FIGS. 3 through 5 and includes a mounting plate 42 secured to the wrist 36 .
- the plate 42 has a mounting block 44 bolted to one face.
- the block 44 has a stub shaft 46 projecting from the block 44 to receive a hollow beam 48 .
- the beam 48 projects outwardly from the shaft 46 and has a transverse reaction plate 50 located adjacent to the mounting block 44 . Braces 52 structurally connect the reaction plate 50 to the beam 48 .
- the beam 48 supports a number of outriggers 54 which extend laterally to either side of the beam 48 .
- the outriggers 54 have vertical spacers 56 which connect the outriggers 54 to tines 58 .
- the tines 58 extend parallel to the beam 48 and project beyond the end of the beam 48 . In the embodiment shown in FIG. 3 , four tines are provided, two on either side of the beam 48 .
- the outriggers 54 are further stabilized by a pair of stringers 60 that extend from the reaction plate 50 to a cross member 62 located at the remote end of the beam 48 .
- the stringers are connected to each of the outriggers and bracing 64 provided between the beam 48 and respective ones of the outriggers 54 .
- Gripping mechanisms 70 are positioned on the outriggers 54 and cross member 62 and are generally aligned with the tines 58 .
- the gripping mechanism 70 is similar each location and can best be seen in FIG. 4 .
- the gripping mechanism 70 includes a bell crank 72 that is pivotally connected to a U shaped fulcrum 74 .
- the fulcrum 74 is secured to the outrigger 54 at a location aligned with one of the tines 58 .
- the bell crank 72 has a pair of arms 76 , 78 integrally formed and extending to either side of the pivotal connection.
- a pad 80 is pivotally connected to the arm 76 and has an enlarged foot 82 facing the tine 58 .
- the arm 78 is connected to a rod 84 that extends to the reaction plate 50 .
- a turnbuckle 86 connects the rod 84 to an actuator 88 that is mounted on the reaction plate 18 .
- the gripping mechanisms 70 are offset from one another to allow the rods 84 to extend in parallel to spaced locations on the reaction plate 50 .
- the actuators 88 are typically pneumatic actuators that receive air through flexible piping from ports 90 provided in the mounting plate 42 .
- the ports 90 in turn are connected to control valve's (not shown) under the control of central controller 29 .
- each of the ovens 12 has an exterior housing 100 having front wall 102 , rear wall 104 and side walls 106 .
- the designation “front”, “rear”, and “side” is with reference to the flow of blanks B through the oven 12 , and is used to facilitate description of the oven 12 rather than imply any specific spatial orientation with respect to the surroundings.
- Each of the ovens 12 has a plurality of heating zones 108 arranged vertically above one another within the housing 100 . In the oven 12 shown in FIG. 6 , five heating zones are arranged one above the other.
- Each of the heating zones 108 has a burner 110 located on the side panels 106 and extending in to the interior of the housing 100 .
- the front wall 102 and rear wall 104 are formed with elongate openings 112 , 114 respectively that extend between the side walls 106 .
- a tube 115 extends along the upper edge of the opening 112 , 114 and is pivotally mounted to respective ones of the walls 102 , 104 .
- a door assembly 116 is rigidly mounted to the tube 115 so as to hang down over each of the openings 112 , 114 and selectively cover and uncover the opening as will be described in more detail below.
- the interior of the housing 100 is lined with refractory brick lining 118 that totally covers the interior of walls 102 , 104 , 106 . As can be seen in FIG.
- the refractory lining 118 extends above the lower edge 120 of the openings 112 , 114 and are castellated as indicated in FIG. 10 .
- the lining 118 is formed with a series of notches 122 that are spaced apart across the opening 112 , 114 to provide upstanding lands 124 between a pair of notches 122 .
- a hearth 126 is provided at each of the heating zones 108 to support a blank B.
- the hearth 128 is formed by stainless steel rods 130 that extend between the front wall 102 and rear wall 104 and are supported at opposite ends in the lands 124 .
- the rods 130 are rectangular in cross section and nest in recesses in the lands 124 for a stable location.
- the rods 130 are located so that the upper surface of the rod 130 sits above the upper surface of the refractory 118 .
- the notches 122 on either side of the rods 130 define channels extending between the openings 112 , 114 and are dimensioned to receive the tines 54 of the material handling device 40 .
- the notches 122 are deep enough to permit the tine to be placed beneath the blank B without disturbing it when it is supported on the hearth 126 .
- the door assembly 116 is mounted on the tubes 115 above each of the openings 112 , 114 .
- the tube 115 projects outwardly from each of the side walls 116 and is supported in a bearing 140 .
- the tube 115 is pivotally mounted by the bearing 140 and so the door assembly 116 is moveable from a generally vertical disposition, as shown in FIG. 7 , where the opening 112 , 114 is covered, to a generally horizontal position, as shown in FIG. 6 , in which the opening is uncovered.
- Movement of the door assembly 116 is controlled by a crank 144 secured to the tube 115 at one end of the opening 112 , 114 .
- the crank 144 is connected at one end to a pneumatic cylinder 146 and at the opposite end to the door panel 142 . Extension and retraction of the cylinder 146 therefore rotates the crank 144 and pivots the door panel 142 between vertical and horizontal positions.
- the door assembly 116 includes a door panel 142 that carries a resilient, compressible refractory lining 148 to protect the panel.
- the refractory lining 148 around 112 , 114 has a raised cast bead 119 , offset from the perimeter of the opening, 112 , 114 that compresses the refractory lining 148 against the door as it moves to a vertical position.
- the centre of mass of the door assembly 116 is offset from the pivot axis of pins 140 so that in the vertical position there is a significant couple tending to compress the gasket and maintain an effective seal around the opening 112 , 114 .
- the door assemblies 116 may be selectively opened by the cylinders 146 allowing blanks B to be loaded and unloaded from opposite sides of the oven 12 . After removal of a blank B by the unloading robot 18 , it is placed on the open tool 160 of the press 14 , shown in FIGS. 11 and 15 and 16 .
- the tool 160 has upper and lower forms 162 , 164 whose opposed faces 163 and 165 respectively define the finished form of the blank B.
- the forms 162 , 164 are mounted on adapter plates 166 , 168 which in turn are mounted to upper and lower die shoes 170 , 172 of the press 14 .
- Nitrogen charged cylinders 174 are interposed between the upper adapter plate 166 and the upper die shoe 170 to permit it limited movement between the plate 166 and shoe 170 in the direction of movement of the shoes 170 , 172 .
- the nitrogen cylinders 174 normally act to bias the adapter plate 166 away from the upper die shoe 170 .
- the cylinders 174 are distributed over the upper die shoe and collectively exert sufficient force to form the blank B between the forms 162 , 164 .
- the nitrogen charged cylinders 174 have an internal pressure in the order of 1600 psi. when extended and collectively exert a force in the order of 250 tons.
- the distribution of cylinders 174 and the aggregate force exerted is determined by the blank being formed during the stamp simulation and may be adjusted to suit the particular requirements.
- a piercing punch 176 is secured to the upper die shoe 170 and extends through the upper adapter plate 166 and upper form 162 .
- the piercing punch 176 is aligned with a corresponding bore 178 in the lower form 164 that opens to an ejection port 180 .
- a cooling system 182 is provided in the forms 162 , 164 as will be described in greater detail below and gauges 184 project upwardly from the lower form 164 to locate the blank B against longitudinal movement.
- the gauges 184 also support the blanks B vertically to provide a space beneath the blanks B to allow the tines 154 of the material handling device 40 to pass.
- the blanks B are removed from the pallet 22 and placed on a plinth on the transfer table 24 .
- parallel streams of blanks B are fed to the respective ovens 12 to enhance the throughput of the press 14 .
- two blanks B are arranged side by side on each of the transfer tables 24 , although, as will be explained below, other configurations are possible.
- the appropriate one of the robots 16 is directed to pick up the blanks B from the transfer table 24 and orientates the arms 32 , 34 and wrist 36 so that the tines 54 are parallel to and slightly below the blanks B.
- the actuator 88 is retracted so that the pads 80 are spaced from the tines 54 .
- the robot 16 advances the material handling device so that the tines 54 pass beneath the blanks B with the gripping mechanism above the blanks.
- the actuator 88 is extended to push the rods 84 and move the foot toward the tine 54 .
- the robot 16 elevates the tines 54 to engage the blanks B.
- the foot 82 engages the upper side as the tines 54 engage the underside of the blank 54 and secure it relative to the material handling device 40 .
- the controller 29 determines which of the heating zones is available and operates the cylinder 146 to open the associated door assembly 116 on the front wall 102 .
- the door assembly swings open about the pivot pins 140 to provide access to the interior of the housing 100 .
- the tines 54 on the material handling device 40 are aligned with the refractory notches 122 , and move the blanks B in to the interior of the heating zone 108 .
- the robot 16 then lowers the tines until the blanks B rest on the rods 130 forming the hearth 128 .
- the gripping mechanism 70 is released, leaving the blanks resting on the rods, and the tines lowered and withdrawn along the channel between notches 122 .
- the door assembly 116 is then closed and the robot returns the device 40 to the nesting table 24 . It will be noted that during this loading, only one of the door assemblies 116 is open, thereby minimising heat loss, and that only mechanical components that are not vulnerable to elevated temperatures are subjected to the internal temperature of the oven 12 .
- the blank B After the blank B has been heated to the required temperature, or for the required duration, it can be removed using the robot 18 .
- the respective door assembly 116 on the rear wall 104 is opened and the tines 54 slid along the channels between the notches 122 and beneath the blanks B.
- the feet 82 are retracted so they can pass over the blanks, and when in the correct position, are closed to clamp the blank B.
- the tines are lifted to lift the blanks off the rods 130 and allow removal from the heating zone 108 .
- the door assembly 116 is again closed and the robot 18 transfers the heated blanks to the press 14 .
- the blanks are lowered on to gauges 184 and the gripping mechanism 70 released to allow withdrawal of the tines 54 .
- the press 14 closes, bringing the opposed faces 163 , 165 into contact with the blank B.
- the faces 163 , 165 form the blank B to the required shape and the cooling system 182 also rapidly cools the blank B at the rate required to obtain the desired metallurgical properties, as will be described in greater detail below.
- Continued movement of the die shoes 170 , 172 toward one another collapses the nitrogen cylinders 170 to advance the piercing punch 176 through the blank B.
- the material removed by the piercing punch 176 is ejected through the port 178 .
- the press 14 is then opened and the component C is removed from the press 14 by the unloading robot 26 .
- the press 14 is then ready to receive a further blank
- Further blanks may be loaded in to available heating zones by the robot 16 , whilst a blank is being heated and the loading from one side with removal from the other side of the oven 12 allows efficient loading and unloading of the blanks. Since load and unload is achieved by separate robots 16 , 18 , the blanks B that are to be loaded next in sequence can be staged by the controller 29 at the load door awaiting the extraction of the hot blanks from the opposite side. Once the extracted blanks are clear and the unload door closes, the opposite side of the oven can immediately open and load the cold blanks into the oven.
- the positive action of the gripping mechanism 70 ensures control over the blanks at all times as they are placed on and taken off the stable surface of the hearth 126 .
- the fork structure of the material handling device 40 exposes only the most rudimentary of components to the adverse environment within the oven 12 , and the provision of the channels extending between the front wall and rear wall allows use of the tines while ensuring the blank is stably supported. It will also be appreciated that the multiple heating zones permits continued operation of the oven even if there is a malfunction in one of the heating zones, thereby maintaining the continuity of the process.
- the material handling device 40 can take various forms depending on the blank B to be treated.
- the stub shaft 46 enables the beam 48 to be detached and a different device 40 having a different array of outriggers to be attached. As shown in FIG. 12 . multiple outriggers may be arranged in seriatim with each having a gripping mechanism offset from the adjacent outrigger. In this arrangement, the fork assembly is retracted after placing the blank on the hearth, and then elevated to move the outriggers above the adjacent blank B.
- a pair of outriggers is positioned to each carry a single blank, permitting placement and removal as described above with FIG. 12 .
- the robots 16 , 18 manipulate the tines between and under the blanks B so they may be placed on the hearth 126 .
- the ovens 12 may also be arranged in a different configuration of stamp cell 10 where the press permits enhanced throughput.
- like components will be identified with like reference numerals with a suffix A added for clarity.
- two pairs of ovens 12 A supply a common press 14 A.
- Robots 16 A are located to one side of each of the ovens and similar robots 18 A are located between the ovens 12 A and a pre-stage nesting table 190 .
- a linear transfer conveyor 202 moves the blanks B from the nesting table 190 through the press 14 A and to the exit conveyor 28 A.
- the product flow through the ovens 12 A is perpendicular to the flow through the press 14 A, thereby allowing each of the robots 18 A to transfer efficiently from the ovens to the nesting table 190 .
- De-stacking robots 20 A are located between a pallet 22 A and a transfer table 24 A to transfers blanks B individually to the transfer table 24 A.
- the blanks are held at the transfer table 24 A until and a robot 16 A secures the blanks B and transfers them into the oven 12 A.
- the blanks B remain in the oven 12 A until they have attained the required temperature and are then removed from the oven 12 A by the robots 18 A and placed onto the nesting table 190 .
- the robots 18 operate alternatively so that blanks are supplied from alternate ovens 12 A to the nesting table 190 .
- the residence time within each heating zone may then be increased relative to the cycle time of the press 14 A.
- blanks can be processed and extracted from other heating zones, thereby maintaining throughput of the blanks to the press 14 A.
- the loading and unloading of the blanks in the ovens maintains control of the blanks B to avoid misplacement and the material handling tool is subjected only to intermittent heating during placement in the oven.
- the close control of the heating and handling of the blank B as described above enables the press 14 to be adapted and utilised to enhance the production of the finished components C.
- the cooling of the blanks B is controlled within the tool 160 by the cooling system 182 which is shown in greater detail in FIGS. 17-19 .
- Each of the forms 162 , 164 has a base 190 that is supported on a mating face 192 of a respective adapter plate 166 , 168 to provide an interface 194 .
- a series of cavities 196 extend inwardly from the base 190 .
- the cavities 196 are formed as parallel slots in the forms 162 , 164 and so adjacent cavities 196 are separated by walls 198 .
- Each of the cavities 196 is generally similar to the overall profile of the opposed faces 163 , 165 , so as to provide a substantially uniform wall thickness of sufficient rigidity and strength to withstand the stamping operation.
- a baffle 200 is located in each of the cavities 196 and has a thickness corresponding to the spacing between the walls 198 .
- the perimeter of the baffle 200 is also similar in shape to the periphery of the cavity 196 but slightly smaller to provide a channel 202 between the edge of the baffle 200 and the outer wall of the cavity 196 .
- the channel 202 is substantially uniform in cross section and extends from one side of the form 162 , 164 to the other.
- Coolant is supplied to the channels 202 through ducting in the mating face 192 of the adapter plate 166 , 168 .
- the mating face 192 includes two sets 204 , 206 of recesses 208 that are generally aligned with opposite ends of each channel 202 .
- the recesses 208 of one of the sets 204 is offset from the recess of the other set 206 so that in combination with the channels 202 , a serpentine path is provided for coolant through the form 162 , 164 .
- An inlet 210 is provided at one end of the form for connection to a cooling source, typically water, and an outlet 212 is provided at the opposite end of the form to return coolant.
- a gasket (not shown) seals at the interface 194 to contain coolant.
- the coolant is introduced at the inlet 210 and flows through the first channel 202 to the recess 208 at the opposite side of the form.
- the recess 208 bridges the wall to allow coolant to enter the next channel 202 and back across the form.
- the flow continues through the channels in series until the outlet 210 is reached.
- the serial flow of coolant through the form provides a high velocity flow that reduces air pockets that might occur and ensures a uniform cooling effect along the form. As a result, an efficient heat extraction is provided at a predictable rate of cooling.
- the individual transfer of blanks B through the oven and to the press 14 facilitates close control of the properties of the blank B and the arrangement of the press 14 provides further opportunity to control the finished product C.
- the sequence is shown in FIG. 21 where typically the material will be heated in the furnace beyond the AC3 point so that, in the case of carbon steel, full austenization occurs prior to removal from the furnace.
- the upper and lower dies shoes are closed to the position shown in FIG. 15 so that the blank B is held between the opposed form surfaces 163 , 165 .
- the blank B is still in the austenite phase during the forming but the temperature of the blank B within the press 14 will be rapidly cooled by the cooling system 182 .
- the material of the blank will undergo changes from one metallurgical condition to another that depend on the characteristics of the material and the rate of cooling.
- the blank B undergoes a phase change from austensite to martensite as it is cooled.
- the blank B is held between the faces 163 , 165 and the volumetric changes that occur when the carbon steel blank B transforms from face-centered cubic austenite to body-centered cubic martensite as well as the shrinkage due to large temperature deltas happens while the blank is held by the forms.
- the press is operated to further close the dies so that the nitrogen charged cylinders 174 collapse to bring the die in to engagement with the adapter plate.
- This advances the punch so that the blank is pierced while held between the forms and with the blank B in the martensite phase. Because the dimensional changes associated with phase change and cooling have occurred, the hole accuracy may be improved. The burr height around the pierced hole is also reduced when piercing the martensitic material, versus the more malleable, higher-temperature steel.
- the dwell period of the press will of course depend on the blank B being formed.
- the particular period utilised for a given component may be determined empirically based on the initial temperature of the blank B and the rate of cooling attained from the cooling system, as well of course as the characteristics of the material of the blank B.
- a dwell period of between 6 and 10 seconds is usual, typically 8 seconds, depending on the thickness of the blank B.
- the dwell period may be programmed in to the press operations as part of the normal operating parameters.
- the press 14 is opened and the component C is removed.
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Abstract
A method of forming a finished component in a hot stamp cell having a press to form a blank in to a finished component. The press has a form tool and a piercing tool and the method includes the steps of inserting a blank in to the form tool in a first metallurgical condition, operating the press to close the form tool and form the blank, dwelling the press with the form tool closed while the blank changes from the one metallurgical condition to another metallurgical condition, and maintaining the blank within the form tool while operating the piecing tool when the other condition is attained.
Description
- This application claims the benefit of the filing date of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/312,686, entitled “Hot Stamp Cell” filed Mar. 24, 2016, the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference.
- The present invention relates to hot stamp cells.
- Stamping is a process by which a metal blank is formed into a complex shape either for further processing or for end use. Blanks are usually cut from stock material such as sheet, plate, rod, or tube and placed in a tool in a press. The load applied by the press forces the blank to the shape of the tool to produce the required complex shape.
- Hot stamping uses a similar process but elevates the temperature of the blank. This not only reduces the forces required to form the blank to the required shape but also can take advantage of the metallurgical properties of the blank to produce a superior product. Typically the tool is cooled and therefore a hot blank cools rapidly during the forming operation. The cooling results in a change of the metallurgical structure and enhances the properties of the finished article.
- Hot stamping is typically used in high-volume components, such as those used in the automotive industry, and efficiency of production is paramount. Heating to the required temperature and cooling under controlled conditions introduces intermittent steps within what is essentially a continuous process. Intermittent steps within the process can reduce efficiency and failure of one of the process steps can lead to a significant maintenance problem and backing up of the product flow.
- One of the common problems found in existing hot stamp cells is the accurate placement of the blank as it moves from one stage of the process to another. It is common to utilize a linear conveyor to move the blanks through a heating zone, but if a blank is misplaced on such a conveyor then there is a likelihood that the entire production of the blanks is interrupted until the misplaced blank is removed. In such a system, the blank is gripped at opposite ends and released when over the conveyor. The blank is essentially dropped on to the conveyor and is relatively easily misplaced. Where the conveyor is moving the blank through an oven over an extended period, there is clearly a significant risk of interruption of the process whilst a misplaced blank is retrieved. One common method of moving blanks through a heating zone is with a series of rotating ceramic rollers. Often even a properly placed blank can wander as it makes its way through a very long furnace. If a blank has a burred edge or some curvature due to residual coil memory, it can easily begin to drift out of position as it transfers from roller to roller. If there is a delay somewhere in the process, over-soaked blanks must be discarded, as their metallurgical properties will no longer meet specifications. Since these furnaces have so many blanks in the process of making their way through the heating cycle, purging the over-soaked blanks produces a lot of waste. Similarly, a misplaced blank within the tool requires the operation of the press to be interrupted whilst the blank is removed.
- German patent application 102010027439 discloses a hot stamped cell in which a blank is moved into a furnace using a robot arm. The furnace has cooling cells at opposite ends of the furnace so that the outer ends of the blank may be cooled while the central portion is heated. The blank is supported on webs between end cooling blocks. The oven disclosed in this German application has a single door meaning that each of the blanks must be inserted and removed through the same door.
- German patent application 102009019496 shows a furnace having a plurality of ovens or heating stations to treat a part. The heating station has a series of vertically stacked heat chambers and the part enters and exits at separate points of the heat chamber. The blanks are moved into and through the chamber on a trolley or cart and utilizes stationary columns with lifts to move the part into and out of the heat chambers of the furnaces.
- Such an arrangement is complex and subjects the trolley to the extended heating cycle of the furnace.
- German patent application 2232426 also discloses a series of ovens or heating stations with the floor of the heating chamber elevated to support the blank.
- In each of these references, there is no control of the blank as it is placed and inadvertent displacement may occur resulting in a reduction in throughput.
- It is therefore an object of the present invention to obviate or mitigate the above disadvantages.
- According to one aspect of the present invention there is provided a method of forming a finished component in a hot stamp cell having a press to form a blank in to a finished component, said press having a form tool and a piercing tool and said method comprising the steps of inserting a blank in to said form tool in a first metallurgical condition, operating said press to close said form tool and form said blank, dwelling said press with said form tool closed while said blank changes from said one metallurgical condition to another metallurgical condition, and maintaining said blank within said form tool while operating said piecing tool when said other condition is attained.
- Embodiments of the invention will now be described by way of example only with reference to the accompanying drawings in which
-
FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of a first embodiment of hot stamp cell -
FIG. 2 is a representation of a robot used with the hot stamp cell ofFIG. 1 -
FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a material handling tool used on the robot ofFIG. 2 -
FIG. 4 is a side elevation of the material handling tool ofFIG. 3 -
FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of a connection of the material handling tool ofFIG. 3 to the robot. -
FIG. 6 is a perspective view of an oven used in the hot stamp cell ofFIG. 1 -
FIG. 7 is a perspective view of a portion of the oven shown inFIG. 6 -
FIG. 8 is a horizontal section through the oven ofFIG. 6 -
FIG. 9 is a vertical section through the oven ofFIG. 6 -
FIG. 10 is a view in the direction of the arrow X-X ofFIG. 7 -
FIG. 11 is a perspective view of a press, -
FIG. 12 is a view similar toFIG. 3 of a further embodiment of material handling tool -
FIG. 13 is a view similar toFIG. 3 of a still further embodiment of material handling tool, and -
FIG. 14 is a schematic representation of a further embodiment of hot stamp cell; -
FIG. 15 is a schematic representation of the press ofFIG. 11 in a forming position; -
FIG. 16 is a schematic representation similar toFIG. 15 with the press fully closed -
FIG. 17 is a perspective of a die shown inFIG. 15 to show a cooling system of the die; -
FIG. 18 is a view on the line XVIII-XVIII ofFIG. 17 ; -
FIG. 19 is a view on the line XIX-XIX ofFIG. 18 ; -
FIG. 20 is a plan view on the line XX-XX ofFIG. 19 ; and -
FIG. 21 is a flow diagram of the process implemented by the hot stamp cell. - Referring therefore to
FIG. 1 , a hot stamp cell generally indicated at 10 includes a pair ofovens 12 and apress 14.Robots 16 are located to one side of each of the ovens andsimilar robots 18 are located between theovens 12 and thepress 14. It will be noted fromFIG. 1 that a pair ofrobots 16 feed a pair ofovens 12 and therobots 18 transfer blanks B from each of theovens 12 to supply thepress 14. As the processing of the blanks B is similar through each of theovens 12, only one stream of thecell 10 will be described in detail. -
De-stacking robots 20 are located between apallet 22 and a transfer table 24 and unloadingrobots 26 are positioned on the opposite side of thepress 14 to therobots 18 withconveyors 28 located adjacent to the unloadingrobots 26. Transfer table 24 includes a plinth 25 to locate a blank B to provide positive and repeatable blank positioning. The plinth 25 also maintains the blanks B elevated on plinths to provide a clearance beneath the blanks B. The plinth 25 includes adjustable guides to permit slight corrections in the positioning of the blanks B and an integrated weigh scale system and proximity sensors ensure that the blanks are indeed present, properly seated and not doubled-up on top of each other. The purpose of the transfer table 24 is to “hand-off” the destacked blanks that are picked up by therobot 20 to therobots 16 that are able to load the ovens. The use of the transfer table 24 ensures an accurate orientation of the blanks B after removal from thepallet 22. - The purpose of the
hot stamp cell 10 is to process blanks indicated at B into a finished component C. The operation of the robots is controlled by acentral controller 29 that sequences the movement of the robots to move the blanks B through thecell 10 to provide the finished components C. - Initially, the blanks B are located within the
pallet 22 and thede-stacking robot 20 transfers blanks B individually to the transfer table 24. The blanks are held at the transfer table 24 until and arobot 16 secures the blanks B and transfers them into theoven 12. The blanks B remain in theoven 12 until they have attained the required temperature and are then removed from theoven 12 by therobots 18 and placed into thepress 14. The press operates to transform the blank into a complex shape and the unloadingrobot 26 removes the finished shape and places it on theconveyor 28. - The
robots robot 16 is shown inFIG. 2 and has a base 30 with a pair of pivotally connectedarms arm 32 is pivotally mounted on the base 30 so as to be movable about orthogonal horizontal and vertical axes and awrist 36 is secured to the distal end of thearm 34. Thebase 30 is mounted onrails 38 to allow translation of thebase 30. Thewrist 36 allows movement about three mutually perpendicular axes and carries amaterial handling device 40 at the opposite end to thearm 34. - The
material handling device 40 can best be seen inFIGS. 3 through 5 and includes a mountingplate 42 secured to thewrist 36. Theplate 42 has a mountingblock 44 bolted to one face. Theblock 44 has astub shaft 46 projecting from theblock 44 to receive ahollow beam 48. - The
beam 48, best seen inFIG. 3 , projects outwardly from theshaft 46 and has atransverse reaction plate 50 located adjacent to the mountingblock 44.Braces 52 structurally connect thereaction plate 50 to thebeam 48. Thebeam 48 supports a number ofoutriggers 54 which extend laterally to either side of thebeam 48. Theoutriggers 54 havevertical spacers 56 which connect theoutriggers 54 to tines 58. Thetines 58 extend parallel to thebeam 48 and project beyond the end of thebeam 48. In the embodiment shown inFIG. 3 , four tines are provided, two on either side of thebeam 48. - The
outriggers 54 are further stabilized by a pair ofstringers 60 that extend from thereaction plate 50 to across member 62 located at the remote end of thebeam 48. The stringers are connected to each of the outriggers and bracing 64 provided between thebeam 48 and respective ones of theoutriggers 54. - Gripping
mechanisms 70 are positioned on theoutriggers 54 andcross member 62 and are generally aligned with thetines 58. The grippingmechanism 70 is similar each location and can best be seen inFIG. 4 . - The gripping
mechanism 70 includes a bell crank 72 that is pivotally connected to a U shapedfulcrum 74. Thefulcrum 74 is secured to theoutrigger 54 at a location aligned with one of thetines 58. Thebell crank 72 has a pair ofarms pad 80 is pivotally connected to thearm 76 and has anenlarged foot 82 facing thetine 58. - The
arm 78 is connected to arod 84 that extends to thereaction plate 50. Aturnbuckle 86 connects therod 84 to anactuator 88 that is mounted on thereaction plate 18. It will be noted that the grippingmechanisms 70 are offset from one another to allow therods 84 to extend in parallel to spaced locations on thereaction plate 50. Theactuators 88 are typically pneumatic actuators that receive air through flexible piping fromports 90 provided in the mountingplate 42. Theports 90 in turn are connected to control valve's (not shown) under the control ofcentral controller 29. - The
material handling devices 40 onrobots ovens 12. Referring toFIGS. 6 through 10 , each of theovens 12 has anexterior housing 100 havingfront wall 102,rear wall 104 andside walls 106. The designation “front”, “rear”, and “side” is with reference to the flow of blanks B through theoven 12, and is used to facilitate description of theoven 12 rather than imply any specific spatial orientation with respect to the surroundings. Each of theovens 12 has a plurality ofheating zones 108 arranged vertically above one another within thehousing 100. In theoven 12 shown inFIG. 6 , five heating zones are arranged one above the other. Each of theheating zones 108 has aburner 110 located on theside panels 106 and extending in to the interior of thehousing 100. - At each of the
heating zones 108, thefront wall 102 andrear wall 104 are formed withelongate openings side walls 106. Atube 115 extends along the upper edge of theopening walls door assembly 116 is rigidly mounted to thetube 115 so as to hang down over each of theopenings housing 100 is lined with refractory brick lining 118 that totally covers the interior ofwalls FIG. 8 , therefractory lining 118 extends above thelower edge 120 of theopenings FIG. 10 . The lining 118 is formed with a series ofnotches 122 that are spaced apart across theopening upstanding lands 124 between a pair ofnotches 122. - A
hearth 126 is provided at each of theheating zones 108 to support a blank B. The hearth 128 is formed bystainless steel rods 130 that extend between thefront wall 102 andrear wall 104 and are supported at opposite ends in thelands 124. Therods 130 are rectangular in cross section and nest in recesses in thelands 124 for a stable location. Therods 130 are located so that the upper surface of therod 130 sits above the upper surface of the refractory 118. Thenotches 122 on either side of therods 130 define channels extending between theopenings tines 54 of thematerial handling device 40. Thenotches 122 are deep enough to permit the tine to be placed beneath the blank B without disturbing it when it is supported on thehearth 126. - As noted above, the
door assembly 116 is mounted on thetubes 115 above each of theopenings tube 115 projects outwardly from each of theside walls 116 and is supported in abearing 140. Thetube 115 is pivotally mounted by thebearing 140 and so thedoor assembly 116 is moveable from a generally vertical disposition, as shown inFIG. 7 , where theopening FIG. 6 , in which the opening is uncovered. Movement of thedoor assembly 116 is controlled by acrank 144 secured to thetube 115 at one end of theopening crank 144 is connected at one end to apneumatic cylinder 146 and at the opposite end to thedoor panel 142. Extension and retraction of thecylinder 146 therefore rotates thecrank 144 and pivots thedoor panel 142 between vertical and horizontal positions. - The
door assembly 116 includes adoor panel 142 that carries a resilient, compressiblerefractory lining 148 to protect the panel. Therefractory lining 148 around 112, 114 has a raisedcast bead 119, offset from the perimeter of the opening, 112, 114 that compresses therefractory lining 148 against the door as it moves to a vertical position. - It will be noted the centre of mass of the
door assembly 116 is offset from the pivot axis ofpins 140 so that in the vertical position there is a significant couple tending to compress the gasket and maintain an effective seal around theopening - The
door assemblies 116 may be selectively opened by thecylinders 146 allowing blanks B to be loaded and unloaded from opposite sides of theoven 12. After removal of a blank B by the unloadingrobot 18, it is placed on theopen tool 160 of thepress 14, shown inFIGS. 11 and 15 and 16 . - The
tool 160 has upper andlower forms 162, 164 whose opposed faces 163 and 165 respectively define the finished form of the blank B. Theforms 162, 164 are mounted onadapter plates shoes press 14. Nitrogen chargedcylinders 174 are interposed between theupper adapter plate 166 and theupper die shoe 170 to permit it limited movement between theplate 166 andshoe 170 in the direction of movement of theshoes nitrogen cylinders 174 normally act to bias theadapter plate 166 away from theupper die shoe 170. Thecylinders 174 are distributed over the upper die shoe and collectively exert sufficient force to form the blank B between theforms 162, 164. In a typical application, the nitrogen chargedcylinders 174 have an internal pressure in the order of 1600 psi. when extended and collectively exert a force in the order of 250 tons. The distribution ofcylinders 174 and the aggregate force exerted is determined by the blank being formed during the stamp simulation and may be adjusted to suit the particular requirements. - Where a through hole is required in the blank B, a piercing
punch 176 is secured to theupper die shoe 170 and extends through theupper adapter plate 166 andupper form 162. The piercingpunch 176 is aligned with acorresponding bore 178 in the lower form 164 that opens to anejection port 180. - A
cooling system 182 is provided in theforms 162, 164 as will be described in greater detail below and gauges 184 project upwardly from the lower form 164 to locate the blank B against longitudinal movement. Thegauges 184 also support the blanks B vertically to provide a space beneath the blanks B to allow the tines 154 of thematerial handling device 40 to pass. - In operation, the blanks B are removed from the
pallet 22 and placed on a plinth on the transfer table 24. As noted above, parallel streams of blanks B are fed to therespective ovens 12 to enhance the throughput of thepress 14. With the embodiment ofFIG. 3 , two blanks B are arranged side by side on each of the transfer tables 24, although, as will be explained below, other configurations are possible. The appropriate one of therobots 16 is directed to pick up the blanks B from the transfer table 24 and orientates thearms wrist 36 so that thetines 54 are parallel to and slightly below the blanks B. Theactuator 88 is retracted so that thepads 80 are spaced from thetines 54. Therobot 16 advances the material handling device so that thetines 54 pass beneath the blanks B with the gripping mechanism above the blanks. When the tines are located beneath each of the blanks B, theactuator 88 is extended to push therods 84 and move the foot toward thetine 54. At the same time, therobot 16 elevates thetines 54 to engage the blanks B. Thefoot 82 engages the upper side as thetines 54 engage the underside of the blank 54 and secure it relative to thematerial handling device 40. - With the blanks B secured, they can be transferred to the oven for heating. The
controller 29 determines which of the heating zones is available and operates thecylinder 146 to open the associateddoor assembly 116 on thefront wall 102. The door assembly swings open about the pivot pins 140 to provide access to the interior of thehousing 100. Thetines 54 on thematerial handling device 40 are aligned with therefractory notches 122, and move the blanks B in to the interior of theheating zone 108. Therobot 16 then lowers the tines until the blanks B rest on therods 130 forming the hearth 128. The grippingmechanism 70 is released, leaving the blanks resting on the rods, and the tines lowered and withdrawn along the channel betweennotches 122. Thedoor assembly 116 is then closed and the robot returns thedevice 40 to the nesting table 24. It will be noted that during this loading, only one of thedoor assemblies 116 is open, thereby minimising heat loss, and that only mechanical components that are not vulnerable to elevated temperatures are subjected to the internal temperature of theoven 12. - After the blank B has been heated to the required temperature, or for the required duration, it can be removed using the
robot 18. Therespective door assembly 116 on therear wall 104 is opened and thetines 54 slid along the channels between thenotches 122 and beneath the blanks B. Thefeet 82 are retracted so they can pass over the blanks, and when in the correct position, are closed to clamp the blank B. The tines are lifted to lift the blanks off therods 130 and allow removal from theheating zone 108. Thedoor assembly 116 is again closed and therobot 18 transfers the heated blanks to thepress 14. - The blanks are lowered on to
gauges 184 and thegripping mechanism 70 released to allow withdrawal of thetines 54. After placement of the blanks B on thegauges 184, thepress 14 closes, bringing the opposed faces 163, 165 into contact with the blank B. The faces 163, 165 form the blank B to the required shape and thecooling system 182 also rapidly cools the blank B at the rate required to obtain the desired metallurgical properties, as will be described in greater detail below. Continued movement of the die shoes 170, 172 toward one another collapses thenitrogen cylinders 170 to advance the piercingpunch 176 through the blank B. The material removed by the piercingpunch 176 is ejected through theport 178. Thepress 14 is then opened and the component C is removed from thepress 14 by the unloadingrobot 26. Thepress 14 is then ready to receive a further blank - Further blanks may be loaded in to available heating zones by the
robot 16, whilst a blank is being heated and the loading from one side with removal from the other side of theoven 12 allows efficient loading and unloading of the blanks. Since load and unload is achieved byseparate robots controller 29 at the load door awaiting the extraction of the hot blanks from the opposite side. Once the extracted blanks are clear and the unload door closes, the opposite side of the oven can immediately open and load the cold blanks into the oven. - The positive action of the
gripping mechanism 70 ensures control over the blanks at all times as they are placed on and taken off the stable surface of thehearth 126. The fork structure of thematerial handling device 40 exposes only the most rudimentary of components to the adverse environment within theoven 12, and the provision of the channels extending between the front wall and rear wall allows use of the tines while ensuring the blank is stably supported. It will also be appreciated that the multiple heating zones permits continued operation of the oven even if there is a malfunction in one of the heating zones, thereby maintaining the continuity of the process. - The
material handling device 40 can take various forms depending on the blank B to be treated. Thestub shaft 46 enables thebeam 48 to be detached and adifferent device 40 having a different array of outriggers to be attached. As shown inFIG. 12 . multiple outriggers may be arranged in seriatim with each having a gripping mechanism offset from the adjacent outrigger. In this arrangement, the fork assembly is retracted after placing the blank on the hearth, and then elevated to move the outriggers above the adjacent blank B. - In the arrangement of
FIG. 13 , a pair of outriggers is positioned to each carry a single blank, permitting placement and removal as described above withFIG. 12 . During placement and extraction, therobots hearth 126. - The
ovens 12 may also be arranged in a different configuration ofstamp cell 10 where the press permits enhanced throughput. In the arrangement shown inFIG. 14 , like components will be identified with like reference numerals with a suffix A added for clarity. In the arrangement ofFIG. 14 , two pairs ofovens 12A supply acommon press 14A.Robots 16A are located to one side of each of the ovens andsimilar robots 18A are located between theovens 12A and a pre-stage nesting table 190. Alinear transfer conveyor 202 moves the blanks B from the nesting table 190 through thepress 14A and to the exit conveyor 28A. The product flow through theovens 12A is perpendicular to the flow through thepress 14A, thereby allowing each of therobots 18A to transfer efficiently from the ovens to the nesting table 190. -
De-stacking robots 20A are located between apallet 22A and a transfer table 24A to transfers blanks B individually to the transfer table 24A. The blanks are held at the transfer table 24A until and arobot 16A secures the blanks B and transfers them into theoven 12A. The blanks B remain in theoven 12A until they have attained the required temperature and are then removed from theoven 12A by therobots 18A and placed onto the nesting table 190. - The
robots 18 operate alternatively so that blanks are supplied fromalternate ovens 12A to the nesting table 190. The residence time within each heating zone may then be increased relative to the cycle time of thepress 14A. In the event of a malfunction of one of the heating zones, blanks can be processed and extracted from other heating zones, thereby maintaining throughput of the blanks to thepress 14A. As in the previous embodiment, the loading and unloading of the blanks in the ovens maintains control of the blanks B to avoid misplacement and the material handling tool is subjected only to intermittent heating during placement in the oven. - The close control of the heating and handling of the blank B as described above enables the
press 14 to be adapted and utilised to enhance the production of the finished components C. The cooling of the blanks B is controlled within thetool 160 by thecooling system 182 which is shown in greater detail inFIGS. 17-19 . - Each of the
forms 162, 164 has a base 190 that is supported on amating face 192 of arespective adapter plate interface 194. A series ofcavities 196 extend inwardly from thebase 190. Thecavities 196 are formed as parallel slots in theforms 162, 164 and soadjacent cavities 196 are separated by walls 198. Each of thecavities 196 is generally similar to the overall profile of the opposed faces 163, 165, so as to provide a substantially uniform wall thickness of sufficient rigidity and strength to withstand the stamping operation. - A
baffle 200 is located in each of thecavities 196 and has a thickness corresponding to the spacing between the walls 198. The perimeter of thebaffle 200 is also similar in shape to the periphery of thecavity 196 but slightly smaller to provide achannel 202 between the edge of thebaffle 200 and the outer wall of thecavity 196. As shown, thechannel 202 is substantially uniform in cross section and extends from one side of theform 162, 164 to the other. - Coolant is supplied to the
channels 202 through ducting in themating face 192 of theadapter plate FIGS. 18 and 19 , themating face 192 includes twosets recesses 208 that are generally aligned with opposite ends of eachchannel 202. Therecesses 208 of one of thesets 204 is offset from the recess of theother set 206 so that in combination with thechannels 202, a serpentine path is provided for coolant through theform 162, 164. Aninlet 210 is provided at one end of the form for connection to a cooling source, typically water, and anoutlet 212 is provided at the opposite end of the form to return coolant. A gasket (not shown) seals at theinterface 194 to contain coolant. - In use, the coolant is introduced at the
inlet 210 and flows through thefirst channel 202 to therecess 208 at the opposite side of the form. Therecess 208 bridges the wall to allow coolant to enter thenext channel 202 and back across the form. The flow continues through the channels in series until theoutlet 210 is reached. The serial flow of coolant through the form provides a high velocity flow that reduces air pockets that might occur and ensures a uniform cooling effect along the form. As a result, an efficient heat extraction is provided at a predictable rate of cooling. - The individual transfer of blanks B through the oven and to the
press 14 facilitates close control of the properties of the blank B and the arrangement of thepress 14 provides further opportunity to control the finished product C. The sequence is shown inFIG. 21 where typically the material will be heated in the furnace beyond the AC3 point so that, in the case of carbon steel, full austenization occurs prior to removal from the furnace. After placement within the press, the upper and lower dies shoes are closed to the position shown inFIG. 15 so that the blank B is held between the opposed form surfaces 163, 165. The blank B is still in the austenite phase during the forming but the temperature of the blank B within thepress 14 will be rapidly cooled by thecooling system 182. During the cooling, the material of the blank will undergo changes from one metallurgical condition to another that depend on the characteristics of the material and the rate of cooling. Again, for carbon steel, the blank B undergoes a phase change from austensite to martensite as it is cooled. During this phase transformation, the blank B is held between thefaces - Once the metallurgical transformation has occurred, the press is operated to further close the dies so that the nitrogen charged
cylinders 174 collapse to bring the die in to engagement with the adapter plate. This advances the punch so that the blank is pierced while held between the forms and with the blank B in the martensite phase. Because the dimensional changes associated with phase change and cooling have occurred, the hole accuracy may be improved. The burr height around the pierced hole is also reduced when piercing the martensitic material, versus the more malleable, higher-temperature steel. - By dwelling the form steels while forming the blank B and piercing after the form is completely set on the part by floating the upper form sections with high tonnage nitrogen cylinders it is found that there is no significant material movement during or after piercing.
- The dwell period of the press will of course depend on the blank B being formed. The particular period utilised for a given component may be determined empirically based on the initial temperature of the blank B and the rate of cooling attained from the cooling system, as well of course as the characteristics of the material of the blank B. For a typical automotive component a dwell period of between 6 and 10 seconds is usual, typically 8 seconds, depending on the thickness of the blank B. The dwell period may be programmed in to the press operations as part of the normal operating parameters.
- Once the blank is fully formed, the
press 14 is opened and the component C is removed.
Claims (11)
1. A method of forming a finished component in a hot stamp cell having a press to form a blank in to a finished component, said press having a form tool and a piercing tool and said method comprising the steps of inserting a blank in to said form tool in a first metallurgical condition, operating said press to close said form tool and form said blank, dwelling said press with said form tool closed while said blank changes from said one metallurgical condition to another metallurgical condition, and maintaining said blank within said form tool while operating said piecing tool when said other condition is attained.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein said first metallurgical condition is attained at an elevated temperature and said other metallurgical condition is attained at a lower temperature than said elevated temperature.
3. The method of claim 2 wherein said blank is heated in a furnace to above the AC3 temperature prior to insertion in said form tool.
4. The method of claim 3 wherein said component is formed from carbon steel and the change from one metallurgical condition to another is a change from the austenite phase to the martensite phase.
5. The method of claim 4 wherein said change is induced by cooling said blank in said form tool.
6. The method according to claim 3 wherein said form tool has a pair of forms with opposed faces of the forms defining the finished form of the blank, each of said forms being supported on a respective one of a pair of die shoes of said press with a compressible cylinder assembly interposed between one of said forms and the die plate on which it is supported and said method includes the steps of dwelling said press prior to compressing said cylinder assembly.
7. The method according to claim 6 wherein said press compresses said cylinder assembly to attain operation of said piercing tool.
8. The method of claim 6 wherein said compressible cylinder assembly biases said one form away from said die plate with sufficient force to form said blank prior to compression of said cylinder.
9. The method of claim 8 wherein continued operation of said press collapses said cylinder assembly to move said die shoes toward one another and thereby move a piercing tool in to engagement with said blank.
10. The method of claim 1 wherein said press is dwelled for a period of between 6 seconds and 10 seconds.
11. The method of claim 10 wherein said press is dwelled for 8 seconds.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US17/078,693 US20210039152A1 (en) | 2016-03-24 | 2020-10-23 | Hot stamp cell |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US201662312686P | 2016-03-24 | 2016-03-24 | |
US15/460,876 US10882093B2 (en) | 2016-03-24 | 2017-03-16 | Hot stamp cell |
US17/078,693 US20210039152A1 (en) | 2016-03-24 | 2020-10-23 | Hot stamp cell |
Related Parent Applications (1)
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US15/460,876 Continuation US10882093B2 (en) | 2016-03-24 | 2017-03-16 | Hot stamp cell |
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US20210039152A1 true US20210039152A1 (en) | 2021-02-11 |
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US15/460,876 Active 2039-01-09 US10882093B2 (en) | 2016-03-24 | 2017-03-16 | Hot stamp cell |
US17/078,693 Pending US20210039152A1 (en) | 2016-03-24 | 2020-10-23 | Hot stamp cell |
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US15/460,876 Active 2039-01-09 US10882093B2 (en) | 2016-03-24 | 2017-03-16 | Hot stamp cell |
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CA (2) | CA2933088A1 (en) |
MX (2) | MX2016008693A (en) |
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CN114381579A (en) * | 2022-01-12 | 2022-04-22 | 江苏凯乐金属科技有限公司 | Heat treatment device for production and processing of metal materials |
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WO2014163832A1 (en) * | 2013-03-13 | 2014-10-09 | Magna International Inc. | Processing of hot stamped parts |
US20160244855A1 (en) * | 2013-10-21 | 2016-08-25 | Edward K. Steinebach | Method For Trimming A Hot Formed Part |
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DE102006020781B3 (en) * | 2006-05-03 | 2007-11-22 | Benteler Automobiltechnik Gmbh | oven |
DE102009019496A1 (en) * | 2009-05-04 | 2010-11-18 | Braun, Elisabeth | Apparatus and method for heating workpieces to be hot formed |
US8777551B1 (en) * | 2011-07-14 | 2014-07-15 | Automatan, Inc. | Robotic lifting apparatus |
US20130252011A1 (en) * | 2011-09-14 | 2013-09-26 | MEMC Singapore, Pte. Ltd. (UEN200614797D) | Multi-Crystalline Silicon Ingot And Directional Solidification Furnace |
US8496764B2 (en) * | 2011-12-01 | 2013-07-30 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | System and method for manufacturing an F-temper 7xxx series aluminum alloy |
JP2013188793A (en) * | 2012-03-15 | 2013-09-26 | Kyoho Mach Works Ltd | Hot press device and hot press method |
JP2014034689A (en) * | 2012-08-07 | 2014-02-24 | Yac Denko Co Ltd | Heating device for hardening steel plate |
US9308564B2 (en) * | 2012-11-28 | 2016-04-12 | Magna International Inc. | Hot stamping system and method |
DE102013005397B4 (en) * | 2013-03-28 | 2014-11-06 | Manuela Braun | Hot forming plant for steel workpieces, in particular sheet metal blanks |
DE102013015020A1 (en) * | 2013-09-10 | 2015-03-12 | Weber Maschinenbau Gmbh Breidenbach | Robot gripper for turning food portions |
JP2015229797A (en) * | 2014-06-06 | 2015-12-21 | 日鉄住金テックスエンジ株式会社 | Far infrared ray type multi-stage type heating furnace for steel plate for hot pressing |
CN104690172B (en) * | 2015-01-16 | 2017-11-28 | 苏州普热斯勒先进成型技术有限公司 | Heat stamping and shaping production line |
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2016
- 2016-06-14 CA CA2933088A patent/CA2933088A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2016-06-30 MX MX2016008693A patent/MX2016008693A/en unknown
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- 2017-03-16 US US15/460,876 patent/US10882093B2/en active Active
- 2017-09-14 CA CA2979147A patent/CA2979147A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2017-10-12 MX MX2017013168A patent/MX2017013168A/en unknown
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2020
- 2020-10-23 US US17/078,693 patent/US20210039152A1/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
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US20120180910A1 (en) * | 2008-03-31 | 2012-07-19 | Honda Motor Co., Ltd. | Microstructural optimization of automotive structures |
WO2014163832A1 (en) * | 2013-03-13 | 2014-10-09 | Magna International Inc. | Processing of hot stamped parts |
US20160244855A1 (en) * | 2013-10-21 | 2016-08-25 | Edward K. Steinebach | Method For Trimming A Hot Formed Part |
Also Published As
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CA2979147A1 (en) | 2018-09-16 |
MX2017013168A (en) | 2018-09-27 |
US10882093B2 (en) | 2021-01-05 |
CA2933088A1 (en) | 2017-09-24 |
US20170274438A1 (en) | 2017-09-28 |
MX2016008693A (en) | 2017-09-25 |
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