US20210004037A1 - System and method for on-demand electrical power - Google Patents
System and method for on-demand electrical power Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20210004037A1 US20210004037A1 US16/933,384 US202016933384A US2021004037A1 US 20210004037 A1 US20210004037 A1 US 20210004037A1 US 202016933384 A US202016933384 A US 202016933384A US 2021004037 A1 US2021004037 A1 US 2021004037A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- unit
- electrical power
- power
- regulator
- power unit
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 13
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052987 metal hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 238000013475 authorization Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 22
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 17
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 9
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000001413 cellular effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000010411 cooking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003491 array Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000010267 cellular communication Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013500 data storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001902 propagating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009877 rendering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012431 wafers Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05F—SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G05F1/00—Automatic systems in which deviations of an electric quantity from one or more predetermined values are detected at the output of the system and fed back to a device within the system to restore the detected quantity to its predetermined value or values, i.e. retroactive systems
- G05F1/66—Regulating electric power
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B15/00—Systems controlled by a computer
- G05B15/02—Systems controlled by a computer electric
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G06Q50/00—Information and communication technology [ICT] specially adapted for implementation of business processes of specific business sectors, e.g. utilities or tourism
- G06Q50/06—Energy or water supply
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates generally to systems for providing off-grid renewable electrical power on demand, and more particularly to a system that enables a user to purchase off-grid renewable electrical power based on user while preventing electricity or system theft.
- Renewable energy, and in particular energy generated by solar photovoltaic panels or wind/water turbines, can be particularly suitable for developing countries since in such countries transmission and distribution of energy generated from fossil fuels can be difficult and expensive.
- renewable energy projects in many developing countries have demonstrated that renewable energy can directly contribute to economic development and poverty alleviation by providing the energy needed for creating businesses and employment as well as providing energy for cooking, space heating and cooling, lighting etc.
- renewable energy can also contribute to education, by providing electricity to schools as well as home based education.
- Certain embodiments disclosed herein include a system for providing on-demand renewable energy.
- the system comprises: at least one power unit for converting environmental energy into electrical power, wherein the electrical power is drawn from the at least one power unit; a global positioning system (GPS) unit that provides current location coordinates for the system; and a regulator for controlling an amount of the electrical power drawn from the at least one power unit based on a plurality of authorization rules including a first authorization rule and at least one second authorization rule, wherein at least the first authorization rule is checked any of periodically and upon each attempt to draw the electrical power from the at least one power unit, wherein the first authorization rule is a misuse event requirement for detecting that the current location coordinates indicate that the system has not been moved from an authorized location; wherein the system is independent from any grid in that it is not connected to any grid and is initially installed at the authorized location; wherein failure to meet the misuse event requirement for detecting that the current location coordinates indicate that the system has not been moved from an authorized location results in a denial of supply of electrical power by the regulator; and
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating components of a system for providing on-demand electrical power according to an embodiment
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating a single-housing system for providing on-demand electrical power according to an embodiment
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a photovoltaic power unit connected to a regulator according to an embodiment
- FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an anti-theft mechanism integrated into a photovoltaic panel according to an embodiment.
- Certain exemplary embodiments include of a system which can be used to provide on-demand electricity on a pay-per-use payment model and as such is particularly advantageous for use in off-grid regions of the world.
- renewable energy systems are a promising source of energy for developing countries
- deployment of renewable energy systems such as photovoltaic panels in rural areas can be costly and beyond the financial capabilities of individuals. This is one reason why villagers still use kerosene lamps for heating and cooking at a cost of approximately $0.40-$0.50 per day.
- a renewable energy system that is specifically suitable for providing electricity on a pay-per-use basis is provide. This allows to provide off-grid individuals with a low-cost and renewable source of energy while also providing the operator with the security that the equipment and/or electricity generated therefrom are not stolen, without a need for an upfront investment in infrastructure.
- renewable energy refers to energy produced by renewable resources, specifically environmental energy sources such as the sun (solar energy converted to heat or electricity), water (hydroelectric or wave generators), wind, and the earth (geothermal energy).
- the system includes at least one power unit for converting environmental energy into electrical power.
- the power unit can include a solar panel for converting solar energy to heat, a photovoltaic (PV) panel for converting solar energy to electricity, a hydroelectric generator for converting energy from flow of water (river flow, waterfall) to electricity, a wave generator for converting wave energy to electricity, and/or a wind turbine for converting wind energy to electricity.
- the system can include any number of power units deployed over land, on buildings, on trees, and in or over water.
- the power unit can include internal theft and tamper-resistant mechanisms, which are controlled by the regulator or a separate unit (as described hereunder).
- a typical set up of photovoltaic configuration of the present system can include one or more photovoltaic panels such as, for example, mono-crystalline, polycrystalline or thin film panels.
- the present system can also include an electrical power storage unit (e.g., a capacitor or a battery) for storing electrical power produced by the power unit.
- electrical power storage unit e.g., a capacitor or a battery
- Examples of storage units that can be used with the present invention include, but are not limited to, lead-acid, NiMh and Lithium-ion batteries, electrical capacitors, and flow cells.
- the present system also includes a regulator for controlling an amount of electrical power drawn from the power unit or from the electrical power storage unit based on authorization rules.
- authorization rules can be related to, but are not limited to, purchases of electrical power by the subject (pay-per-use, pre or post-paid) and system theft (reported theft by system owner or suspicion based on internal rules such as system location).
- the regulator enables pay-per-use provisions of electricity while also optionally providing communications (wired or wireless) and/or tamper-resistant mechanisms.
- the regulator can limit the electrical energy (current) that can be drawn from the power unit or from the electrical power storage unit by a user based on a kilowatt-hour (KWh) or time purchase either prior to or following use. In the latter case, the regulator can provide the requested electrical energy (based on time or cost) and request payment following use, with further provisions of energy depending on receipt of payment for the initial provision.
- Purchase can be made via a credit card, debit card, cellular telephone (via a mobile payment platform such as SMS, near field communication, and so on), or by buying pre-paid cards with codes to input into the system or the like.
- Payment can be made via a user interface integrated with the system (e.g., a credit and/or debit card reader, a Near Field communication module, and so on) or it can be made to a central server communicating with the present system via wireless communication (e.g., a communications network based satellite, a cellular or IP communication, and so on).
- wireless communication e.g., a communications network based satellite, a cellular or IP communication, and so on.
- the regulator also provides the following functions: it ensures that electricity can only be drawn from the power unit or electrical power storage unit based on the purchase rules (pre or post payment); it renders the system inoperable (such that electricity cannot be drawn out) if tampered with or moved (e.g., if the system is stolen); it provides location-based information that can be used to protect from theft; it can provide the system operator with monitoring capabilities on production and use; it can provide internet connectivity; it can provide Internet Protocol television (IPTV); and it can allow individuals to sell purchased electricity to others.
- IPTV Internet Protocol television
- a single power unit and regulator can be integrated into a single housing and deployed as a small home unit. Alternatively, several power units can be electrically wired to a single regulator (local or remote) and used to provide power to a larger home, a school, or a village.
- a third configuration includes a power unit or a plurality of power units which are deployed in a multi-house configuration, in which the master system can feed multiple clients.
- a fourth configuration includes a master system (power units and regulator) which allows resale of power generated by one client to other clients.
- FIGS. 1-4 A more detailed description of the present system is provided hereinbelow with reference to the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1-4 .
- FIG. 1 illustrates one embodiment of a system 10 for providing on-demand electrical power according to an embodiment.
- System 10 includes a photovoltaic panel power unit 12 (an array or several arrays of PV cells) which is connected to a regulator 14 for controlling power output from the power unit 12 and/or from an optional storage unit (not shown), wherein such a connection can be encrypted to increase security.
- System 10 also optionally includes a storage unit 18 (e.g., a Lithium-ion battery) and an antenna 20 for enabling wireless communication with system 10 .
- a storage unit 18 e.g., a Lithium-ion battery
- the single-panel power unit 12 is shown in FIGS. 1, 2 and 4 . It will be understood, however, that alternative configurations of the system 10 which include several PV panels and one or more regulators (co-integrated or not) are also envisaged herein.
- the components described above can be integrated into a single housing 16 ( FIG. 2 ) which includes a square or rectangular frame and a sub-frame assembly co-fabricated with the frame or attached thereto and configured to support the components describe above. Alternatively, these components can be separately housed and interconnected via wires.
- housing 16 can further include a front transparent panel 22 (glass or polymer) for covering and protecting PV cells 24 of power unit 12 from the environment and from misuse or abuse.
- a front transparent panel 22 glass or polymer
- System 10 can further include a global positioning system (GPS) unit 26 ; a communication module 28 (connected to antenna 20 ) for satellite, cellular, or internet communication; an accelerometer/gyroscope 30 ; and/or proximity sensors (not shown) (e.g. sensors that identify physical proximity between power unit 12 and regulator 14 ).
- GPS global positioning system
- a communication module 28 connected to antenna 20 ) for satellite, cellular, or internet communication
- an accelerometer/gyroscope 30 e.g. sensors that identify physical proximity between power unit 12 and regulator 14 .
- proximity sensors not shown
- SoC system on a chip
- GPS unit 26 (as well as the accelerometer/gyroscope 30 ) functions can be used to prevent abuse of system 10 by, for example, limiting power provision from power unit 12 only to a predetermined geographical location (set by the operator), by detecting unauthorized moving or tampering of system 10 as is further described hereinbelow, or by triggering audio and light alarms implemented inside housing 16 .
- a user interface can be mounted on housing 16 or provided as a separately housed unit connected to regulator 14 via wired or wireless communication.
- the user interface can include a payment module (e.g., a card slot or NF communication module) and a button/display for selecting time, KWh, or amount of payment for pre-purchase.
- a payment module e.g., a card slot or NF communication module
- a button/display for selecting time, KWh, or amount of payment for pre-purchase.
- the functions of the user interface can also be provided via a smartphone running a dedicated application for accepting payment and communicating with regulator 14 (via BlueTooth, WiFi, and the like) or via a centralized server which is in communication with regulator 14 through communication module 28 .
- power can be (pre-) purchased by communicating with the server via SMS, a web interface, or the like.
- Housing 16 can also include mounting hardware for mounting on a platform, a roof, a tree (position sensors like GPS and accelerometers need the ability to compensate for installation instability by adjusting tolerances to trigger theft or misuse situations), and the like.
- System 10 can include protection mechanisms for preventing theft or misuse. Such mechanisms can be integrated into power unit 12 or regulator 14 . Although such a mechanism is preferably deployed along with the pay-per-use functions described herein, they can also be separately integrated into a power unit to prevent theft of system 10 or theft of electricity therefrom.
- Protection mechanisms can include physical barriers such as plastic and metal coverings, self-destruct mechanisms (e.g. breakage of wafers, glass covers, rupturable paint capsules in a PV panel 38 , or breakable drive units in wind turbines), and/or electronic barriers such as fuses 32 and/or normally open switches (secure relays) for disconnect 36 or normally closed switches for short circuit (integrated into power unit 12 and/or regulator 14 ), as well as switches that require remote command to enable operation of the PV panel.
- physical barriers such as plastic and metal coverings, self-destruct mechanisms (e.g. breakage of wafers, glass covers, rupturable paint capsules in a PV panel 38 , or breakable drive units in wind turbines), and/or electronic barriers such as fuses 32 and/or normally open switches (secure relays) for disconnect 36 or normally closed switches for short circuit (integrated into power unit 12 and/or regulator 14 ), as well as switches that require remote command to enable operation of the PV panel.
- a self-destruct-mechanism can include springs trapped between the glass covers in a compressed state such that they apply an outward force on the glass covers. Any attempt to drill through the glass covers can cause the springs' outward force to shatter the glass and render the PV panel unusable.
- Another self-destruct mechanism can include spikes embedded in a compressible layer trapped within the glass covers. Any attempt to drill the glass covers would compress this layer and drive the spikes into the PV cells or glass covers, thereby rendering the PV panel unusable.
- An example of an electronic barrier can include vibration-sensitive switches or fuses that disconnect the circuitry of PV cells 24 when activated.
- regulator 14 of system 10 can include CPU 34 which can process signals from GPS unit 26 , accelerometer/gyroscope 30 , electronic connection between regulator 14 , and power unit 12 (e.g., encrypted circuitry and power flow 31 ), or proximity sensors to identify movement of system 10 or separation of the regulator 14 from the power unit 12 , and communicate such information to a central server, activate fuse 32 , and/or normally open switches 36 .
- system 10 can physically or electronically self-destruct (via local command from CPU 24 or a remote command delivered via wireless communication) when “system misuse” is identified (via accelerometer, GPS physical separation between regulator 14 and power unit 12 ). Misuse events are typically identified when: system 10 is reported stolen; system 10 is identified as stolen by the GPS; a movement of system 10 is identified via an accelerator or via GPS; a disconnection of wires is identified; and regulator 14 is removed from power unit 12 (wherein the removal may be identified by lack of communication, a disconnection between wires, a disconnection between proximity sensors, and so on).
- the present system can be provided to an off-grid location for free or at a very significant subsidy.
- the system can be installed on-site or provided as a kit for self-installation.
- a typical single household system would cost under $200. Since this cost is oftentimes too high for an off-grid population, the end user will purchase usage rights on a pay-per-use basis at under one US dollar; payment will be processed through SMS billing or scratch cards.
- SMS billing or scratch cards Such a business model allows flexibility per country and per operator.
- the system is not limited to a specific billing scheme and allows each distributor/operator to define the best payment scheme for each country.
- operator A in country B can decide to charge a small down payment and a minimum use of X days per month. Since the cost of energy today is $0.40 at a minimum per family, a similar cost is assumed. Alternatively, some users would buy the system at full cost, and would enjoy the anti-theft aspects themselves.
- the present system can also provide internet access via pay per use model or on a monthly fee basis.
- a user can be offered the option of purchasing internet access instead of electricity or in addition thereto.
- the system can also provide Television services over IP via cellular communications, satellite communication, or other form of wireless communication.
- the system can also support more complex billing packages, for example, getting discounted electricity in return for cell phone usage.
- the various embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented as hardware, firmware, software, or any combination thereof.
- the software is preferably implemented as an application program tangibly embodied on a program storage unit or computer readable medium consisting of parts, or of certain devices and/or a combination of devices.
- the application program may be uploaded to, and executed by, a machine comprising any suitable architecture.
- the machine is implemented on a computer platform having hardware such as one or more central processing units (“CPUs”), a memory, and input/output interfaces.
- CPUs central processing units
- the computer platform may also include an operating system and microinstruction code.
- a non-transitory computer readable medium is any computer readable medium except for a transitory propagating signal.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Economics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Human Resources & Organizations (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Marketing (AREA)
- Primary Health Care (AREA)
- Strategic Management (AREA)
- Tourism & Hospitality (AREA)
- General Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
- Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- This application is a continuation of U.S. Ser. No. 16/014,263US Patent application Ser. No. 16/014,263 filed on Jun. 21, 2018, which is a continuation of U.S. Ser. No. 14/593,298 filed Jan. 9, 2015 (issued as U.S. Pat. No. 10,031,542), which is a continuation of PCT/IL2013/050587 filed Jul. 10, 2013, which claims priority to U.S. 61/670,619 filed Jul. 12, 2012. All of the applications references herein are incorporated by reference in their entirety.
- The present disclosure relates generally to systems for providing off-grid renewable electrical power on demand, and more particularly to a system that enables a user to purchase off-grid renewable electrical power based on user while preventing electricity or system theft.
- Renewable energy, and in particular energy generated by solar photovoltaic panels or wind/water turbines, can be particularly suitable for developing countries since in such countries transmission and distribution of energy generated from fossil fuels can be difficult and expensive.
- Advances in technology and reduction in manufacturing costs make solar energy an attractive alternative to energy generated from fossil fuels. Over the 2008-2011 period, the price of photovoltaic modules per MW has fallen by over 60%.
- Approximately 1.5 billion people around the world do not have access to grid electricity (off-grid). An additional 1 billion are connected to unreliable grids. Even though these people are typically poor, they pay far more for lighting than people in western countries because they use inefficient energy sources (kerosene) which are far costlier than grid electricity or environmentally-produced energy.
- Renewable energy projects in many developing countries have demonstrated that renewable energy can directly contribute to economic development and poverty alleviation by providing the energy needed for creating businesses and employment as well as providing energy for cooking, space heating and cooling, lighting etc. In addition, renewable energy can also contribute to education, by providing electricity to schools as well as home based education.
- Although the case for renewable energy in developing countries is compelling, there remains a problem of how to finance deployment of renewable energy systems such as photovoltaic panels in areas where the population cannot afford to purchase such systems or finance the costs typically associated with deployment of such systems, and especially when such systems are prone to theft, as they are easily detached.
- Thus, it would be highly advantageous to have a system which can provide pay-per-use renewable energy without the financial burden typically associated with deployment of such systems from the consumer side, while providing the necessary security for the operator so that system components and/or electricity are not stolen.
- A summary of several example aspects of the disclosure follows. This summary is provided for the convenience of the reader to provide a basic understanding of such embodiments and does not wholly define the breadth of the disclosure. This summary is not an extensive overview of all contemplated embodiments, and is intended to neither identify key or critical elements of all aspects nor delineate the scope of any or all aspects. Its sole purpose is to present some concepts of one or more embodiments in a simplified form as a prelude to the more detailed description that is presented later. For convenience, the term some embodiments may be used herein to refer to a single embodiment or multiple embodiments of the disclosure.
- Certain embodiments disclosed herein include a system for providing on-demand renewable energy. The system comprises: at least one power unit for converting environmental energy into electrical power, wherein the electrical power is drawn from the at least one power unit; a global positioning system (GPS) unit that provides current location coordinates for the system; and a regulator for controlling an amount of the electrical power drawn from the at least one power unit based on a plurality of authorization rules including a first authorization rule and at least one second authorization rule, wherein at least the first authorization rule is checked any of periodically and upon each attempt to draw the electrical power from the at least one power unit, wherein the first authorization rule is a misuse event requirement for detecting that the current location coordinates indicate that the system has not been moved from an authorized location; wherein the system is independent from any grid in that it is not connected to any grid and is initially installed at the authorized location; wherein failure to meet the misuse event requirement for detecting that the current location coordinates indicate that the system has not been moved from an authorized location results in a denial of supply of electrical power by the regulator; and wherein the at least one second authorization rule is a purchase requirement, wherein the purchase requirement is at least one of: a pre-provision purchase requirement and a post-provision purchase requirement.
- The subject matter disclosed herein is particularly pointed out and distinctly claimed in the claims at the conclusion of the specification. The foregoing and other objects, features, and advantages of the disclosed embodiments will be apparent from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
-
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating components of a system for providing on-demand electrical power according to an embodiment; -
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating a single-housing system for providing on-demand electrical power according to an embodiment; -
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a photovoltaic power unit connected to a regulator according to an embodiment; and -
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an anti-theft mechanism integrated into a photovoltaic panel according to an embodiment. - It is important to note that the embodiments disclosed herein are only examples of the many advantageous uses of the innovative teachings herein. In general, statements made in the specification of the present application do not necessarily limit any of the various claimed embodiments. Moreover, some statements may apply to some inventive features but not to others. In general, unless otherwise indicated, singular elements may be in plural and vice versa with no loss of generality. In the drawings, like numerals refer to like parts through several views.
- Certain exemplary embodiments include of a system which can be used to provide on-demand electricity on a pay-per-use payment model and as such is particularly advantageous for use in off-grid regions of the world.
- Although renewable energy systems are a promising source of energy for developing countries, deployment of renewable energy systems such as photovoltaic panels in rural areas can be costly and beyond the financial capabilities of individuals. This is one reason why villagers still use kerosene lamps for heating and cooking at a cost of approximately $0.40-$0.50 per day.
- Financing schemes are currently difficult to deploy. This is mainly due to the fact that the systems used for electricity generation, as well as the electricity produced by these systems, can be easily stolen.
- In one embodiment a renewable energy system that is specifically suitable for providing electricity on a pay-per-use basis is provide. This allows to provide off-grid individuals with a low-cost and renewable source of energy while also providing the operator with the security that the equipment and/or electricity generated therefrom are not stolen, without a need for an upfront investment in infrastructure.
- Thus, according an embodiment, there is provided a system for providing renewable energy to a subject. As used herein, the term “renewable energy” refers to energy produced by renewable resources, specifically environmental energy sources such as the sun (solar energy converted to heat or electricity), water (hydroelectric or wave generators), wind, and the earth (geothermal energy).
- The system includes at least one power unit for converting environmental energy into electrical power. The power unit can include a solar panel for converting solar energy to heat, a photovoltaic (PV) panel for converting solar energy to electricity, a hydroelectric generator for converting energy from flow of water (river flow, waterfall) to electricity, a wave generator for converting wave energy to electricity, and/or a wind turbine for converting wind energy to electricity. The system can include any number of power units deployed over land, on buildings, on trees, and in or over water. The power unit can include internal theft and tamper-resistant mechanisms, which are controlled by the regulator or a separate unit (as described hereunder).
- A typical set up of photovoltaic configuration of the present system can include one or more photovoltaic panels such as, for example, mono-crystalline, polycrystalline or thin film panels. The present system can also include an electrical power storage unit (e.g., a capacitor or a battery) for storing electrical power produced by the power unit. Examples of storage units that can be used with the present invention include, but are not limited to, lead-acid, NiMh and Lithium-ion batteries, electrical capacitors, and flow cells.
- The present system also includes a regulator for controlling an amount of electrical power drawn from the power unit or from the electrical power storage unit based on authorization rules. Such authorization rules can be related to, but are not limited to, purchases of electrical power by the subject (pay-per-use, pre or post-paid) and system theft (reported theft by system owner or suspicion based on internal rules such as system location).
- As is further described in detail herein below, the regulator enables pay-per-use provisions of electricity while also optionally providing communications (wired or wireless) and/or tamper-resistant mechanisms. The regulator can limit the electrical energy (current) that can be drawn from the power unit or from the electrical power storage unit by a user based on a kilowatt-hour (KWh) or time purchase either prior to or following use. In the latter case, the regulator can provide the requested electrical energy (based on time or cost) and request payment following use, with further provisions of energy depending on receipt of payment for the initial provision.
- Purchase can be made via a credit card, debit card, cellular telephone (via a mobile payment platform such as SMS, near field communication, and so on), or by buying pre-paid cards with codes to input into the system or the like. Payment can be made via a user interface integrated with the system (e.g., a credit and/or debit card reader, a Near Field communication module, and so on) or it can be made to a central server communicating with the present system via wireless communication (e.g., a communications network based satellite, a cellular or IP communication, and so on).
- The regulator also provides the following functions: it ensures that electricity can only be drawn from the power unit or electrical power storage unit based on the purchase rules (pre or post payment); it renders the system inoperable (such that electricity cannot be drawn out) if tampered with or moved (e.g., if the system is stolen); it provides location-based information that can be used to protect from theft; it can provide the system operator with monitoring capabilities on production and use; it can provide internet connectivity; it can provide Internet Protocol television (IPTV); and it can allow individuals to sell purchased electricity to others.
- Several configurations of the power unit(s) and regulator can be deployed in rural or urban areas. A single power unit and regulator can be integrated into a single housing and deployed as a small home unit. Alternatively, several power units can be electrically wired to a single regulator (local or remote) and used to provide power to a larger home, a school, or a village. A third configuration includes a power unit or a plurality of power units which are deployed in a multi-house configuration, in which the master system can feed multiple clients. A fourth configuration includes a master system (power units and regulator) which allows resale of power generated by one client to other clients.
- A more detailed description of the present system is provided hereinbelow with reference to the embodiment shown in
FIGS. 1-4 . - Referring now to the drawings,
FIG. 1 illustrates one embodiment of asystem 10 for providing on-demand electrical power according to an embodiment.System 10 includes a photovoltaic panel power unit 12 (an array or several arrays of PV cells) which is connected to aregulator 14 for controlling power output from thepower unit 12 and/or from an optional storage unit (not shown), wherein such a connection can be encrypted to increase security.System 10 also optionally includes a storage unit 18 (e.g., a Lithium-ion battery) and anantenna 20 for enabling wireless communication withsystem 10. - The single-
panel power unit 12 is shown inFIGS. 1, 2 and 4 . It will be understood, however, that alternative configurations of thesystem 10 which include several PV panels and one or more regulators (co-integrated or not) are also envisaged herein. - The components described above can be integrated into a single housing 16 (
FIG. 2 ) which includes a square or rectangular frame and a sub-frame assembly co-fabricated with the frame or attached thereto and configured to support the components describe above. Alternatively, these components can be separately housed and interconnected via wires. - As is shown in
FIG. 4 ,housing 16 can further include a front transparent panel 22 (glass or polymer) for covering and protectingPV cells 24 ofpower unit 12 from the environment and from misuse or abuse. -
System 10 can further include a global positioning system (GPS)unit 26; a communication module 28 (connected to antenna 20) for satellite, cellular, or internet communication; an accelerometer/gyroscope 30; and/or proximity sensors (not shown) (e.g. sensors that identify physical proximity betweenpower unit 12 and regulator 14). These components can be integrated into a single system on a chip (SoC) which includes GPS, cellular and WiFi radio, as well as accelerometers, a gyroscope, and the like. GPS unit 26 (as well as the accelerometer/gyroscope 30) functions can be used to prevent abuse ofsystem 10 by, for example, limiting power provision frompower unit 12 only to a predetermined geographical location (set by the operator), by detecting unauthorized moving or tampering ofsystem 10 as is further described hereinbelow, or by triggering audio and light alarms implemented insidehousing 16. - A user interface can be mounted on
housing 16 or provided as a separately housed unit connected toregulator 14 via wired or wireless communication. The user interface can include a payment module (e.g., a card slot or NF communication module) and a button/display for selecting time, KWh, or amount of payment for pre-purchase. - It will be appreciated that the functions of the user interface can also be provided via a smartphone running a dedicated application for accepting payment and communicating with regulator 14 (via BlueTooth, WiFi, and the like) or via a centralized server which is in communication with
regulator 14 throughcommunication module 28. In the latter case, power can be (pre-) purchased by communicating with the server via SMS, a web interface, or the like. -
Housing 16 can also include mounting hardware for mounting on a platform, a roof, a tree (position sensors like GPS and accelerometers need the ability to compensate for installation instability by adjusting tolerances to trigger theft or misuse situations), and the like. -
System 10 can include protection mechanisms for preventing theft or misuse. Such mechanisms can be integrated intopower unit 12 orregulator 14. Although such a mechanism is preferably deployed along with the pay-per-use functions described herein, they can also be separately integrated into a power unit to prevent theft ofsystem 10 or theft of electricity therefrom. - Protection mechanisms can include physical barriers such as plastic and metal coverings, self-destruct mechanisms (e.g. breakage of wafers, glass covers, rupturable paint capsules in a
PV panel 38, or breakable drive units in wind turbines), and/or electronic barriers such asfuses 32 and/or normally open switches (secure relays) fordisconnect 36 or normally closed switches for short circuit (integrated intopower unit 12 and/or regulator 14), as well as switches that require remote command to enable operation of the PV panel. - One example of a self-destruct-mechanism can include springs trapped between the glass covers in a compressed state such that they apply an outward force on the glass covers. Any attempt to drill through the glass covers can cause the springs' outward force to shatter the glass and render the PV panel unusable. Another self-destruct mechanism can include spikes embedded in a compressible layer trapped within the glass covers. Any attempt to drill the glass covers would compress this layer and drive the spikes into the PV cells or glass covers, thereby rendering the PV panel unusable.
- An example of an electronic barrier can include vibration-sensitive switches or fuses that disconnect the circuitry of
PV cells 24 when activated. To assist in identification of system misuse or theft,regulator 14 ofsystem 10 can includeCPU 34 which can process signals fromGPS unit 26, accelerometer/gyroscope 30, electronic connection betweenregulator 14, and power unit 12 (e.g., encrypted circuitry and power flow 31), or proximity sensors to identify movement ofsystem 10 or separation of theregulator 14 from thepower unit 12, and communicate such information to a central server, activatefuse 32, and/or normally open switches 36. - Physical barriers would function as the first deterrent against tempering. If, however,
regulator 14 is disconnected frompower unit 12, fuse(s) 32 and/or normally open switch 36 (FIGS. 3, 4 ) would be activated andpower unit 12 would be rendered useless. - Moreover,
system 10 can physically or electronically self-destruct (via local command fromCPU 24 or a remote command delivered via wireless communication) when “system misuse” is identified (via accelerometer, GPS physical separation betweenregulator 14 and power unit 12). Misuse events are typically identified when:system 10 is reported stolen;system 10 is identified as stolen by the GPS; a movement ofsystem 10 is identified via an accelerator or via GPS; a disconnection of wires is identified; andregulator 14 is removed from power unit 12 (wherein the removal may be identified by lack of communication, a disconnection between wires, a disconnection between proximity sensors, and so on). - The present system can be provided to an off-grid location for free or at a very significant subsidy. The system can be installed on-site or provided as a kit for self-installation. A typical single household system would cost under $200. Since this cost is oftentimes too high for an off-grid population, the end user will purchase usage rights on a pay-per-use basis at under one US dollar; payment will be processed through SMS billing or scratch cards. Such a business model allows flexibility per country and per operator. The system is not limited to a specific billing scheme and allows each distributor/operator to define the best payment scheme for each country.
- For example, operator A in country B can decide to charge a small down payment and a minimum use of X days per month. Since the cost of energy today is $0.40 at a minimum per family, a similar cost is assumed. Alternatively, some users would buy the system at full cost, and would enjoy the anti-theft aspects themselves.
- In addition to electrical power, the present system can also provide internet access via pay per use model or on a monthly fee basis. A user can be offered the option of purchasing internet access instead of electricity or in addition thereto. The system can also provide Television services over IP via cellular communications, satellite communication, or other form of wireless communication. The system can also support more complex billing packages, for example, getting discounted electricity in return for cell phone usage.
- It is expected that during the life of this patent many relevant power units will be developed and the scope of the term power unit is intended to include all such new technologies a priori.
- The various embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented as hardware, firmware, software, or any combination thereof. Moreover, the software is preferably implemented as an application program tangibly embodied on a program storage unit or computer readable medium consisting of parts, or of certain devices and/or a combination of devices. The application program may be uploaded to, and executed by, a machine comprising any suitable architecture. Preferably, the machine is implemented on a computer platform having hardware such as one or more central processing units (“CPUs”), a memory, and input/output interfaces. The computer platform may also include an operating system and microinstruction code. The various processes and functions described herein may be either part of the microinstruction code or part of the application program, or any combination thereof, which may be executed by a CPU, whether or not such a computer or processor is explicitly shown. In addition, various other peripheral units may be connected to the computer platform such as an additional data storage unit and a printing unit. Furthermore, a non-transitory computer readable medium is any computer readable medium except for a transitory propagating signal.
- All examples and conditional language recited herein are intended for pedagogical purposes to aid the reader in understanding the principles of the disclosed embodiment and the concepts contributed by the inventor to furthering the art, and are to be construed as being without limitation to such specifically recited examples and conditions. Moreover, all statements herein reciting principles, aspects, and embodiments of the disclosed embodiments, as well as specific examples thereof, are intended to encompass both structural and functional equivalents thereof. Additionally, it is intended that such equivalents include both currently known equivalents as well as equivalents developed in the future, i.e., any elements developed that perform the same function, regardless of structure.
Claims (20)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US16/933,384 US20210004037A1 (en) | 2012-07-12 | 2020-07-20 | System and method for on-demand electrical power |
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US201261670619P | 2012-07-12 | 2012-07-12 | |
PCT/IL2013/050587 WO2014009954A2 (en) | 2012-07-12 | 2013-07-10 | System and method for on-demand electrical power |
US14/593,298 US10031542B2 (en) | 2012-07-12 | 2015-01-09 | System and method for on-demand electrical power |
US16/014,263 US10719098B2 (en) | 2012-07-12 | 2018-06-21 | System and method for on-demand electrical power |
US16/933,384 US20210004037A1 (en) | 2012-07-12 | 2020-07-20 | System and method for on-demand electrical power |
Related Parent Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US16/014,263 Continuation US10719098B2 (en) | 2012-07-12 | 2018-06-21 | System and method for on-demand electrical power |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20210004037A1 true US20210004037A1 (en) | 2021-01-07 |
Family
ID=49916614
Family Applications (3)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US14/593,298 Expired - Fee Related US10031542B2 (en) | 2012-07-12 | 2015-01-09 | System and method for on-demand electrical power |
US16/014,263 Expired - Fee Related US10719098B2 (en) | 2012-07-12 | 2018-06-21 | System and method for on-demand electrical power |
US16/933,384 Abandoned US20210004037A1 (en) | 2012-07-12 | 2020-07-20 | System and method for on-demand electrical power |
Family Applications Before (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US14/593,298 Expired - Fee Related US10031542B2 (en) | 2012-07-12 | 2015-01-09 | System and method for on-demand electrical power |
US16/014,263 Expired - Fee Related US10719098B2 (en) | 2012-07-12 | 2018-06-21 | System and method for on-demand electrical power |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (3) | US10031542B2 (en) |
CN (1) | CN104995652A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2014009954A2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US8990096B2 (en) | 2008-07-11 | 2015-03-24 | Michael W. Shore | Distributing alternatively generated power to a real estate development |
US9496230B1 (en) * | 2015-04-30 | 2016-11-15 | International Business Machines Corporation | Light sensitive switch for semiconductor package tamper detection |
US9911012B2 (en) | 2015-09-25 | 2018-03-06 | International Business Machines Corporation | Overlapping, discrete tamper-respondent sensors |
US10175064B2 (en) | 2015-09-25 | 2019-01-08 | International Business Machines Corporation | Circuit boards and electronic packages with embedded tamper-respondent sensor |
US9916744B2 (en) | 2016-02-25 | 2018-03-13 | International Business Machines Corporation | Multi-layer stack with embedded tamper-detect protection |
US9913370B2 (en) | 2016-05-13 | 2018-03-06 | International Business Machines Corporation | Tamper-proof electronic packages formed with stressed glass |
US9881880B2 (en) | 2016-05-13 | 2018-01-30 | International Business Machines Corporation | Tamper-proof electronic packages with stressed glass component substrate(s) |
US10299372B2 (en) | 2016-09-26 | 2019-05-21 | International Business Machines Corporation | Vented tamper-respondent assemblies |
US10306753B1 (en) | 2018-02-22 | 2019-05-28 | International Business Machines Corporation | Enclosure-to-board interface with tamper-detect circuit(s) |
WO2019207566A1 (en) * | 2018-04-22 | 2019-10-31 | Nova Lumos Ltd. | A system and method for providing secondary services over an electricity on-demand unit |
GB2580884B (en) * | 2018-12-10 | 2023-09-27 | Mirza Irfan | Solar power and telecommunications |
CN111369032B (en) * | 2018-12-25 | 2022-12-09 | 华中科技大学 | Poverty-relief photovoltaic distribution point constant volume method |
US11532943B1 (en) | 2019-10-27 | 2022-12-20 | Thomas Zauli | Energy storage device manger, management system, and methods of use |
CN111709865A (en) * | 2020-06-17 | 2020-09-25 | 北京明略软件系统有限公司 | Method, device and equipment for determining poverty-relieving information map and storage medium |
CN116886403A (en) * | 2023-08-04 | 2023-10-13 | 天合光能股份有限公司 | Encryption method, decryption method, communication method and device |
Family Cites Families (30)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
ATE209383T1 (en) * | 1997-02-14 | 2001-12-15 | Merlin Gerin S A Proprietary L | SAFETY SYSTEM FOR ALTERNATIVE ENERGY SUPPLIES |
US20030034757A1 (en) * | 2000-12-04 | 2003-02-20 | Woodnorth Douglas J. | Utilizing portable electrical power sources |
US7102620B2 (en) * | 2002-12-24 | 2006-09-05 | Sierra Wireless, Inc. | Mobile electronic device |
US20070043478A1 (en) | 2003-07-28 | 2007-02-22 | Ehlers Gregory A | System and method of controlling an HVAC system |
JP4193127B2 (en) | 2003-08-01 | 2008-12-10 | ソニー株式会社 | Authentication / charging system for portable information devices and charging system for portable information devices |
US7174260B2 (en) | 2004-04-01 | 2007-02-06 | Blue Line Innovations Inc. | System and method for reading power meters |
GB2423199B (en) * | 2005-02-11 | 2009-05-13 | Pa Consulting Services | Power supply systems for electrical devices |
US7274975B2 (en) * | 2005-06-06 | 2007-09-25 | Gridpoint, Inc. | Optimized energy management system |
KR100834278B1 (en) | 2006-08-25 | 2008-05-30 | 주식회사 케이티 | Method and system for charging sunshine fee |
US9031874B2 (en) * | 2007-01-12 | 2015-05-12 | Clean Power Finance, Inc. | Methods, systems and agreements for increasing the likelihood of repayments under a financing agreement for renewable energy equipment |
US20120143383A1 (en) * | 2007-02-02 | 2012-06-07 | Inovus Solar, Inc. | Energy-efficient utility system utilizing solar-power |
CN100492448C (en) * | 2007-08-30 | 2009-05-27 | 缪江红 | Photovoltaic windmill device and manufacturing method thereof |
US20100181957A1 (en) * | 2008-09-19 | 2010-07-22 | Christoph Goeltner | Solar powered, grid independent EV charging system |
US8069100B2 (en) | 2009-01-06 | 2011-11-29 | Access Business Group International Llc | Metered delivery of wireless power |
GB0900082D0 (en) * | 2009-01-06 | 2009-02-11 | Fulvens Ltd | Method and apparatus for secure energy delivery |
US20100241375A1 (en) * | 2009-03-23 | 2010-09-23 | Solar Simplified Llc | Smart device for enabling real-time monitoring, measuring, managing and reporting of energy by solar panels and method therefore |
US9318917B2 (en) | 2009-04-09 | 2016-04-19 | Sony Corporation | Electric storage apparatus and power control system |
CA2766449A1 (en) * | 2009-07-08 | 2011-01-13 | Carmanah Technologies Corp. | Solar powered devices using location-based energy control and method for operation of solar powered devices |
US9182470B2 (en) * | 2009-11-17 | 2015-11-10 | Cogentrix Development Holdings, Llc | Inclinometer for a solar array and associated systems, methods, and computer program products |
US8907614B2 (en) * | 2010-03-25 | 2014-12-09 | Honda Motor Co., Ltd. | Photovoltaic power generation system |
US20110258093A1 (en) * | 2010-04-20 | 2011-10-20 | Vito Antoci | Portable Power Distribution Enhancements |
JP5609267B2 (en) | 2010-05-26 | 2014-10-22 | ソニー株式会社 | Information processing apparatus, information processing method, program, and power storage device management system |
CN101882833A (en) * | 2010-07-19 | 2010-11-10 | 中国科学院苏州纳米技术与纳米仿生研究所 | Renewable ecological energy system |
US20120293000A1 (en) * | 2010-11-13 | 2012-11-22 | Jerry Fan | System and method for supplementing a generated DC power supply |
JP2012125063A (en) * | 2010-12-08 | 2012-06-28 | Sony Corp | Power management system |
US8463449B2 (en) * | 2011-01-28 | 2013-06-11 | Dean Sanders | Systems, apparatus, and methods of a solar energy grid integrated system with energy storage appliance |
US9085457B2 (en) * | 2011-03-11 | 2015-07-21 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Treatment of a self-assembled monolayer on a dielectric layer for improved epoxy adhesion |
US20120310427A1 (en) * | 2011-05-31 | 2012-12-06 | Williams B Jeffery | Automatic Monitoring and Adjustment of a Solar Panel Array |
US9543787B2 (en) * | 2011-12-30 | 2017-01-10 | Scrutiny, Inc. | FRAME (forced recuperation, aggregation and movement of exergy) |
US20130169226A1 (en) * | 2011-12-30 | 2013-07-04 | Electric Transportation Engineering Corporation d/b/a ECOtality North America | Electricity transfer system for modifying an electric vehicle charging station and method of providing, using, and supporting the same |
-
2013
- 2013-07-10 WO PCT/IL2013/050587 patent/WO2014009954A2/en active Application Filing
- 2013-07-10 CN CN201380043354.8A patent/CN104995652A/en active Pending
-
2015
- 2015-01-09 US US14/593,298 patent/US10031542B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2018
- 2018-06-21 US US16/014,263 patent/US10719098B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2020
- 2020-07-20 US US16/933,384 patent/US20210004037A1/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2014009954A8 (en) | 2014-03-27 |
US10031542B2 (en) | 2018-07-24 |
WO2014009954A3 (en) | 2015-07-23 |
US10719098B2 (en) | 2020-07-21 |
WO2014009954A2 (en) | 2014-01-16 |
CN104995652A (en) | 2015-10-21 |
US20180299918A1 (en) | 2018-10-18 |
US20150120072A1 (en) | 2015-04-30 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US20210004037A1 (en) | System and method for on-demand electrical power | |
AP1139A (en) | Security system for alternative energy supplies. | |
Azimoh et al. | An assessment of unforeseen losses resulting from inappropriate use of solar home systems in South Africa | |
JP2014529117A (en) | Apparatus, method, and article for authentication, security, and control of power storage devices such as batteries | |
CN204833444U (en) | Outdoor intelligent service stake of modularization | |
CN105391136A (en) | Intelligent electric motor car charging management system for community based on internet of things and charging management method | |
CN103689892A (en) | Anti-theft box | |
US9985468B2 (en) | Secured on-demand energy systems | |
US9088055B2 (en) | Mobile power sharing | |
US20140026155A1 (en) | Apparatus for managing, storage, securing, delivering, and tracking energy and communication transactions | |
CN204334076U (en) | Integral and intelligent charging system | |
US10945306B2 (en) | Wireless device powered by a city device and a method of providing wireless cellular and internet services | |
CN108045259A (en) | A kind of novel intelligent charging pile and charging method | |
CN102945525B (en) | Smart card payment management information system | |
CN212422859U (en) | Safety protection type charging pile for electric automobile | |
CN210258066U (en) | Fill electric pile based on block chain technique | |
CN202959220U (en) | Anti-theft box | |
CN207809094U (en) | A kind of novel intelligent charging pile | |
US11603007B1 (en) | Electrically powered modular platforms | |
CN206856843U (en) | A kind of shared bicycle opening device | |
CN109799460A (en) | A kind of long-distance monitorng device for the maintenance of lock battery | |
US10910850B2 (en) | Energy storage apparatus | |
CN204517436U (en) | A kind of unattended electric motor car charging power station | |
WO2015175621A1 (en) | Secured on-demand energy systems | |
CN105759656A (en) | Embedded photovoltaic system control system |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: NOVA LUMOS LTD., ISRAEL Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:MAROM, NIR;VORTMAN, DAVID;REEL/FRAME:053254/0314 Effective date: 20150205 |
|
STPP | Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general |
Free format text: APPLICATION DISPATCHED FROM PREEXAM, NOT YET DOCKETED |
|
STPP | Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general |
Free format text: NON FINAL ACTION MAILED |
|
STPP | Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general |
Free format text: RESPONSE TO NON-FINAL OFFICE ACTION ENTERED AND FORWARDED TO EXAMINER |
|
STPP | Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general |
Free format text: FINAL REJECTION MAILED |
|
STCB | Information on status: application discontinuation |
Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION |