US2020933A - Synchronized hammer and anvil with equilibrated momenta - Google Patents

Description

' NOV. 12, 1935.

c. w. CHAMBERLAIN. 2,020,933

SYNCHRONIZED HAMMER AND ANVIL WITH EQUILIBRATED MOMENTA Original Filed June 13, 1929 I N VEN TOR.

Clark ZUTChamZerZaz'zz BY 30%, M v 9 ATTORNEY5,

Patented Nov. 12, 1935 PATENT OFFICE SYNCHRONIZED HAMMER ANVIL WITH EQUILIBRATED MOMENTA Clark W. Chamberlain, East Lansing, Mich.

Application June 13, 1929, Serial No. 370,720 Renewed September 8, 1933 4 Claims.

The present invention relates to the synchronization and the equilibration of the momentum of the moving parts of machines for the purpose of reducing vibration. and conserving energy.

One object of my invention is to balance momentum in any direction in a machine with an equal momentum in the opposite direction, thereby reducing to zero the total momentum of the machine, taken as a whole.

Another object of my invention is to synchronize and equilibrate the momenta of the hammer and anvil of impact machines and thus eliminate the seismic waves delivered by the machines to their foundations and to the earth, conserving the energy supplied to the machines.

Another object of my invention is to equilibrate the momentum of one hammer with the momentum of a second hammer operated in synchronism with the first hammer, thereby reducing the noise of operation and conserving energy.

Another object of my invention is to reduce the weight of the anvil and foundation of impact machines.

Another object of my invention is the reduction of sound and seismic shock in the neighborhood of impact machines.

A sixth object of my invention is to conserve for useful work energy which hitherto has been delivered to the foundations of impact machines, resulting in economic loss of energy and in the destruction of machine foundations and buildings in the neighborhood of such machines.

More specifically my invention relates to the design and operation of machines in such a manner that their momenta, taken as a whole, are at all times equal to zero.

To the accomplishment of the foregoing and related ends said invention, then, consists of the means hereinafter fully described and particularly pointed out in the claims: the annexed drawing and the following description setting forth in detail certain means and two modes of carrying out the invention, such disclosed means and modes illustrating, however, but two of various ways in which the principle of the invention may be used.

The annexed drawing, in a diagrammatic form, illustrates the principles involved in this invention as applied to a power hammer.

A double acting piston I, moving in the cylinder 2 drives the hammer 3 by means of the piston rod 4. The dies and material to be forged are placed between the hammer .3 and the flying anvil 5. The flying anvil 5 is guided by the frame 6, is driven by the piston 1 operating in the cylinder 8, and is supported by the pistons 9, 9 operating in the cylinders I0, Ill. The pistons 9, 9 and cylinders I0, I0 may be replaced by springs. The cylinders II], II] are supplied with fluid from a receiver kept under a constant pressure 5 suificient to support the combined mass of the anvil 5, the piston I, the piston rod 4, the hammer 3, the dies, and the material to be forged.

The areas of the hammer piston I and the anvil piston 1 are equal. The steam pressure ap- 10 plied to the upper surface of the hammer piston I is at all times equal to the steam pressure applied to the lower surface of the anvil piston I. The force of the steam driving the downward moving masses is therefore at all times equal to 15 the force of the steam driving the upward moving masses. As the time ofapplication of steam to hammer piston I equals the time of application of steam to anvil piston 1 the velocities imparted by the steam to the downward and upward mov- 20 ing masses are inversely proportional to these masses.

The total momentum of the piston I, the piston rod 4, and the hammer 3 is therefore equal and opposite to the momentum of the anvil 4 and 25 its attached masses, whatever ratio the mass of the hammer and its attached masses may bear to the mass of the anvil and its attached masses. The momentum imparted .by gravity to the downward moving masses is compensated by the 80 pressure applied to the pistons 8,- 8, in excess of the pressure required to support the anvil and its attached masses.

The momenta of downward and upward moving masses are opposite in sign and their sum is at all times equal to zero. Impact of hammer and flying anvil produces no unbalanced momentum to be transmitted as a seismic shock to the foundations of the machine and to the earth.

The ratio of downward and upward moving 40 masses is determined by the amount of travel permitted the flying anvil without disturbing the material to be forced or the convenience of the operator.

The hammer 3 carries a yoke I3 to which are 45 attached one or more pistons I4, moving in cylinders I5, transmitting pressure, by means of confined liquid, to the piston I6, thus securing movement in opposite directions of the hammer and anvil. The ratio of piston area I4 to piston area 60 I 6 equals the ratio of velocity of hammer and attached masses to the velocity of anvil-and attached masses. The lifting of the hammer to any point in its travel'lowers the anvil to the proper point to secure impact at a fixed point 5 anvil with balanced momenta may be applied 'to the forging of large masses too heavy to carry on a flying anvil, by supporting the mass to be forged on a stationary support or by suspension and operating hammer and anvil in horizontal positions. In this case hammer and anvil would be equal in mass and identical in construction. The principle of this invention when applied to portable riveting hammers, requires two similar hammers, operated in synchronism and in opposite directions, with the driving pressure at all times equal.

Other modes of applying the principles of my invention may be employed instead of the ones explained, change being made as regards the means and the steps herein disclosed, provided those stated by any of the following claims or their equivalent be employed.

I therefore particularly point out and distinctly claim as my invention:

1. In a forging machine, the combination of a base block provided with a vertically extending aperture, an anvil member positioned within said aperture and movable with respect to said base, 7

a plurality of cylindrical recesses in said block at the bottomof said aperture, a plurality of pistons on the bottom of said anvil and respectively closely fitting into said cylindrical recesses, a supporting framework secured to the upper surface of said base block, a cylinder supported in "a said framework, a piston in said cylinder, a piston rod secured to said piston and extending toward said base block, a hammer secured to said piston rod, aplurality of auxiliary pistons secured to said hammer and arranged parallel to said piston irod, a plurality of pistons secured to the upper surface of said anvil, a plurality of cylinder means respectively at their opposite ends telescopically engaging one of said pistons on said hammer and one of said pistons on said anvil, and a fluid in said cylinder means completely fitting the same. 5

2. In a hammer, the combination of a hammer unit, an anvil unit, piston and cylinder means for raising; and lowering the hammer unit, separate piston and cylinder means adapted to move the anvil unit synchronously with and in opposite 10 directions to thehammer unit so they may approach with equilibrated momenta, and means to transmit the rectilinear movement of one of said units to positively move'the other, unit in opposite. direction, said last-named means comprising oppositely disposed pistons respectively 7 connected to said hammer and anvil units and a continuous liquid column between said pistons.

4. In a power hammer for die forging, the combination of an anvil unit, a hammer unit, means for raising and loweringthe anvil unit, separate means for raising and lowering said hammer unit,

and other means effective when said units recede 5 to transmit the rectilinear movement of one of said units to positively move the other unit in opposite direction. 7 4

CLARK W. CHAMBERLAIN. 40 I

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