US2020641A - Brick and tile kiln - Google Patents

Description

Nov. 12, 1935.

2 Sheets-Sheet 1 A, HABLA,

BRICK AND TILE KIJN Filed Sept. 2l, 19154 A. HABLA Nov. 12, 1935.

2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Patented Nov. 12, 1935 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE Application September 21, 1934, Serial No. 744,982 In Great Britain September 25, 1933 6 Claims.

The invention relates to brick and tile kilns in which the firing circuit is of a tortuous or zig-zag character caused by the projection from the main walls or from the floor and roof, into the firing spaces, of division walls of a temporary or permanent construction.

It is an object of the present invention to construct the division walls or partitions, which divide the kiln space up into chambers through which the firing followsa tortuous or zig-zag path or paths, so that they form heat radiating surfaces.

To attain this object, in accordance with the invention, I form the division walls or partitions as hollow walls, or walls with flues arranged within them, and through these hollow walls, or the flues in the walls, I circulate hot gases or hot air, and in certain circumstances may circulate cooling air as hereinafter set forth.

This allows sensitive goods to be warmed up and the first drying to take place gradually and carefully as these stages are carried out wholly or mainly by radiation. Further, as the green bricks or tiles can be placed in the chambers and warmed by radiation without the circulation of air or gases through the chambers themselves, these first stages of Warming up and drying will take place in a humid atmosphere eminently suited to the treatment of sensitive goods as it avoids sudden physical changes and cracking or distortion due to these changes.

In order to describe the design and working of my invention I have appended hereunto drawings illustrating diiferent examples of kilns with my improvements applied.

Figure 1 is a plan of -a kiln with one zig-zag ring circuit.

Figure 2 is a cross section on the line 2--2 of Figure 1.

Figure 3 is a cross section through the kiln on line 3--3 of Figure 1.

Figure 4 shows a plan of part of a single zig-zag kiln in which grates are used in order to warm up the division walls.

Figure 5 shows a plan of part of a double zigzag kiln in which the warming up of the division walls is carried out as in Figure 4.

Figure 6 shows a plan of a double zig-zag kiln with my improvements applied.V

` Figure 'l is a cross section on line 'l-l of Figure 6.

Figure 8 is a section of this kiln on line 8-8 of Figure 6.

The single zig-zag kiln shown in Figures l to 4 consists of twenty chambers as does also the double zig-Zag firing circuit kiln illustrated in Figures 5 to 8. Apart from the preheating and warming up of the goods and the cooling down again of the chambers by means of the radiating division walls, the drying and burning of these 5 kilns'follows on lines already known in this art, see for example the specification of the British Patent No. 389,689.

In the accompanying drawings a is the smoke flue which is connected with the individual cham- 10 bers by branch iiues b, these branch iiues being controlled by vdampers c. The smoke flue a is connected to a fan or chimney d.

Above the smoke flue is arranged the heat conducting ue e and above the side walls is arranged a surrounding heat conducting flue f. Between the heat conducting flue e and the surrounding flue f smaller connecting flues g are arranged and are carried in zig-Zag fashion through the division walls h so that hot gases or hot air can be drawn from the heat conducting flue e through these division walls and into the surrounding flue f. This passage of gases or hot air through the connecting flues is controlled by suitably placed dampers such as those indicated by the reference letter ic.

The chambers between the division walls h are numbered 1 to 20 in Figure l.

Fuel is fed to the goods set up in the chambers, through feed holes m in the known manner. Small flues n are provided which communicate with the chambers by means of the feed holes m and by means of dampers o can place the chambers in communication with the zig-zag flues g andso, subject to the position of dampers k, with the heat conducting flue e and the flue f. The doorways for giving access to the kiln for the workmen for setting and unloading are represented by p, while q indicates closure caps on small inlets from the atmosphere to the hollows or iiues g in the division walls h.

The operation of a kiln built in this manner is as follows:-

The kiln is partly or fully set with goods to be burnt which are wheeled in through the doorways p, and a small fire is lighted on a temporary furnace, built say at r between the chambers 2U and I. The fire is gradually increased in the usual way until it reaches full capacity. By operating the dampers c controlling the flues b leading to the chambers I, 2, etc., from the smoke flue a the heat is conducted in the desired sequence to the chambers and the ring carried out in the usual way of continuous kilns.

When the continuous working is proceeding,

' und assuming that chambers l to i are cooling, chamers 5 to ill will be ring, chambers il, l2 and i3 will be warming up by the passage through them of smoke gases owing to the opening of the respective dampers c, chambers Iii to I8V may be set with green goods and in that case these goods may be warmed up by radiation from the division walls h through which heat is circulated by opening theV dampers y' and lc. The dampers o place the small lues n, which communicate with the feed holes m to the chambers, into communication with the iiues g in the walls h. This is shown in the plans Figures 1 and 6 for two of Ythe chambers only, for ease of illustration.

Thus, by opening the dampers o in those chambers which are cooling down and also the'dampers j of those chambers, heat will pass from them through m, n, o and g to the surrounding flue f, and from this flue will be passed into the 'nues g of the chambers to be warmed up Vby opening the dampers j and 7c of these latter chambers. The heat will thus circulate through the division walls in these chambers and heat the chambers by radiation. In these chambers set with green goods, e. g., lli to I8, the warming up of the goods can take place without contact with any air, as none is drawn through the chambers, and in a humid atmosphere caused by the moisture given of by the goods; thus surface drying and cracking and distortion due to unequal heating can, as stated in the opening parts of the specification, be avoided.

The flue connections just described can also be used for after drying, that is after warming up has taken place, as hotY air can be drawn from the flue f through flues g past damper o to the small iiues n and by the feed holes into any particular chamber. For example out of the chambers which have most recently been setiili to i8) lli to l5 may be after drying by lt air circulating through the chambers and il' and i3 may be warming up purely by the heat from their division walls h through which hot air is being passed in the nues g. Chamber I9 would be in the process of being set with green goods, and chamber El] unloading.

By means of Vthis procedure the goods are warmed up in the rst state in a humid atmosphere without air movement amongst the goods. By such predrying and warming up the rst state of drying can be done with the greatest `care and without risk.

For the final drying the hot air passes through the dampers o into the individual chambers and is drawn off by opening the dampers c'in the same way 4as the hot gases. In Figures 4 and 5 the warming up of the division walls h is done by means of separate grates s on which a small fire is lighted when required. The hot gases from these grates will pass through the dues g of the division Walls h and past the dampers y into the smoke iiue a.

The procedure with the double zig-zag kiln shown in Figures 5 to 8 is the same as described for the single Zig-aag kiln and the same reference letters are used for the various parts.

These improved kilns can be erected for firing in, one, two or more zig-zag circuits.

There is a further advantage in my invention. In the ordinary single zig-zag kilns shown up to the present time the men in unloading and setting the chambers have frequently to work in a heated atmosphere. In my new kiln the division walls h around any such chambers can be cooled down if desired by drawing outside air through for feeding fuel to the chambers, and flues placing the chambers in communication with a smoke flue; a heat conducting flue, passages formed in the division walls, and means for causing heat from the conducting flue to flow around the passages in the division walls so that these can be warmed up.

2. A kiln for drying and burning bricks, tiles and similar articles comprising main walls and division walls within the main walls for forming the chambers for the goods to be treated, means for feeding fuel to the chambers, and flues placing the chambers in communication with a smoke ilue; a heat conducting flue, passages formedV in the division walls, means for causing heat from the conducting flue to flow around the passages in the division walls so that these can be warmed up, and means whereby the passages in the division Walls can be placed in communication with the atmosphere so that cool air may be drawn varound said passages for cooling down the chambers.

3. A kiln for drying and burning bricks, tiles and similar articles comprising in combination main enclosing walls, division walls within the main walls forming chambers with staggered passages through which the firing circuit of the kiln follows a waved course; fuel feeding means leading to the chambers and nues placing .the

chambers in communication with a smoke ue;

a heat conducting flue, passages formed in the division walls, and means for causing heat from the conducting ue to now around the passages in the division walls so that these can be warmed 11p.

4. A kiln for drying and burning bricks, tiles 'and similar articles comprising in combination main enclosing walls, division walls within the main walls, chambers formed by said division walls and having staggered passages through which the nring circuit of the kiln follows a waved course; fuel feeding means leading to the chambers and ues placing the chambers in communication with a smoke flue; a heat conducting flue, continuous waved passages formed in the division Walls and leading from the heat conducting flue to a surrounding flue, and means for causing heat from the conducting flue to flow around the passages in the division walls and warm them up,

and means for controlling the flues which lead from the chambers and the flues in the division walls.

5. A kiln for drying and burning bricks, tiles Vand similar articles comprising main walls and `means whereby the passages in the division walls can be placed in communication with the atmosphere and cool air may be drawn around said passages for cooling down the chambers, said means comprising ues communicating with the feeding means to the chambers and with the ues in the division walls.

6. Kiln for drying and burning bricks, tiles and similar articles in which the kiln is divided into a number of chambers for containing the goods to be treated, the gas entrances and exits to these chambers being staggered whereby the gases fol- 10W a tortuous or zigzag path through the kiln, and in Which the division Walls contain passages through which heat can be circulated from a 5 conduit or iiue and the chambers are warmed up Without the hot gases entering the chambers.

ALOIS HABLA.

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