US20200406030A1 - Implantable electrical stimulator - Google Patents

Implantable electrical stimulator Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US20200406030A1
US20200406030A1 US17/022,832 US202017022832A US2020406030A1 US 20200406030 A1 US20200406030 A1 US 20200406030A1 US 202017022832 A US202017022832 A US 202017022832A US 2020406030 A1 US2020406030 A1 US 2020406030A1
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
electrodes
stimulator
muscle
nerve
implantable stimulator
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
US17/022,832
Inventor
Adi Mashiach
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
MAN & SCIENCE SA
Original Assignee
MAN & SCIENCE SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by MAN & SCIENCE SA filed Critical MAN & SCIENCE SA
Priority to US17/022,832 priority Critical patent/US20200406030A1/en
Assigned to Nyxoah SA reassignment Nyxoah SA ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: MASHIACH, ADI
Assigned to MAN & SCIENCE SA reassignment MAN & SCIENCE SA ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: Nyxoah SA
Publication of US20200406030A1 publication Critical patent/US20200406030A1/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61NELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N1/00Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
    • A61N1/18Applying electric currents by contact electrodes
    • A61N1/32Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents
    • A61N1/36Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents for stimulation
    • A61N1/3601Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents for stimulation of respiratory organs
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61NELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N1/00Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
    • A61N1/02Details
    • A61N1/04Electrodes
    • A61N1/05Electrodes for implantation or insertion into the body, e.g. heart electrode
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61NELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N1/00Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
    • A61N1/02Details
    • A61N1/04Electrodes
    • A61N1/05Electrodes for implantation or insertion into the body, e.g. heart electrode
    • A61N1/0551Spinal or peripheral nerve electrodes
    • A61N1/0553Paddle shaped electrodes, e.g. for laminotomy
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61NELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N1/00Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
    • A61N1/18Applying electric currents by contact electrodes
    • A61N1/32Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents
    • A61N1/36Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents for stimulation
    • A61N1/372Arrangements in connection with the implantation of stimulators
    • A61N1/375Constructional arrangements, e.g. casings
    • A61N1/3756Casings with electrodes thereon, e.g. leadless stimulators

Definitions

  • the selection is performed by the electrode array measuring electrical parameters through one or more electrodes or group of electrodes and making a selection based on the results of said measurements.
  • FIG. 3A is a schematic illustration of a flexible electrode array shaped as a tent, according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a flow diagram of a method of using a stimulator, according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention.
  • the communications and/or power transfer are performed using a non-standard protocol to prevent interference from standard communication equipment.
  • standard communication protocols may be used, for example communicating with WIFI, BlueTooth (BT), RF or other common standards so that stimulator 100 can readily communicate with standard equipment that is readily available, such as personal computer 180 or a cellular telephone (e.g. using BT).
  • communications with stimulator 100 may be encrypted and/or require authentication to prevent undesirable transmissions from non-authorized users.
  • a predefined range of transmission frequencies is used so it will not interfere or receive interference from other radio emitting devices.
  • elements 220 are electronically connected by flexible wires 210 , thus providing a larger overall flexible stimulator 200 .
  • elements 270 are connected to a flexible communication bus 280 , forming an overall flexible stimulator 280 .
  • a flexible stimulator is less apt to be damaged by external forces and can be more easily manipulated to fit into various positions inside the patients body.
  • a flexible stimulator such as shown in FIGS. 2A or 2B will also allow free 3D movement of an organ (e.g. muscle) without causing damage.
  • the flexible connection between the elements enables the elements to be freely positioned relative to each other and effectively allow bending or folding of stimulator 100 .
  • FIG. 3D is a schematic illustration of flexible electrode array 300 implanted at the base of the tongue, according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention.
  • electrode array 300 is designed so that when it is deployed, electrodes 310 will be in contact with the Genioglossus muscle 350 and more specifically adjacent to the Genioglossus horizontal fibers 350 and/or near the Hypoglossal nerves 360 , so that electrodes 310 will successfully be able to stimulate the Genioglossus horizontal compartment causing dilation of the pharynx during breathing.
  • the shape of electrode array 300 is especially efficient in stimulating the Genioglossus muscle 350 , as this muscle has numerous motor end plates, located in various locations in contrast to many other muscles.
  • stimulator 100 is advantageous since the multiplicity of electrodes relative to the number of contact points on the muscle/nerve and the ability to select the optimal electrodes for stimulation after implantation, reduce the need to adjust the position of stimulator 100 responsive to actual stimulation during the insertion process.
  • An example of use of a stimulator 100 is in dealing with Obstructive Sleep Apnea patients.
  • stimulator 100 is implanted in the vicinity of the Hypoglossal nerve using a shallow transcutaneous approach. In other cases stimulator 100 is implanted into the Genioglossus muscle using an intraoral or transcutaneous/submandibular approach.
  • Temperature in the vicinity of stimulator 100 for example a higher temperature value responsive to the patient expiration in the vicinity of the implanted stimulator 100 and a lower temperature value responsive to the patient inspiration in the vicinity of stimulator 100 .
  • a decrease in the temperature change may indicate reduction in breathing;

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Radiology & Medical Imaging (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Cardiology (AREA)
  • Physiology (AREA)
  • Pulmonology (AREA)
  • Neurology (AREA)
  • Neurosurgery (AREA)
  • Orthopedic Medicine & Surgery (AREA)
  • Electrotherapy Devices (AREA)

Abstract

An implantable stimulator is provided for stimulating muscles or nerves. The implantable stimulator may comprise an array of electrodes for electrically stimulating at least one of a nerve or a muscle of a subject, and at least one processing device. The at least one processing device may be configured to detect, based on signals received from the array of electrodes, a measurement of an electromyography signal; dynamically select one or more electrodes within the array of electrodes to stimulate the nerve or muscle, the one or more electrodes being selected based on the measurement in order to stimulate a desired area of the nerve or muscle; and receive, from an external device, power used both to activate the selected electrodes and to stimulate the nerve or muscle

Description

    FIELD OF THE INVENTION
  • The present invention relates generally to an implantable electrical stimulator and more specifically to an implantable electrical stimulator with a dynamically controlled electrode array.
  • BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
  • Implanting a stimulator to stimulate muscles or nerves is a complex procedure. Generally in the case of nerve stimulation, a special electrode is used, such as a cuff electrode. Generally the electrode is in the form of a wire extending from the stimulator to the nerve. Implantation of the stimulator requires surgical intervention to expose the position for implanting the electrode and stimulator and then requires fine-tuning the placement of the electrode so that accurate contact will be formed between the electrodes of the stimulator and specific contact points along the muscles or nerves.
  • In the case of muscle stimulators, the electrodes are typically positioned to form contact with the motor end plate of a muscle, also called the neuromuscular junction of the muscle. In most muscles the motor end plate is located in the middle of the muscle, where the motor neuron interfaces with the muscle.
  • In recent years manufactures have managed to reduce the size of stimulators significantly, for example to approximately 3 mm by 27 mm. In a reduced size stimulator the electrode may be provided as a rigid metal contact extending from the body of the stimulator and the stimulator is implanted with the electrode positioned in contact with the muscle/nerve contact points.
  • One method to achieve the correct positioning is by trial and error, wherein the practitioner inserts the stimulator to a selected position and then provides a charge to the electrodes of the stimulator to verify the position according to the response of the muscles, for example contraction of the entire muscle indicates a successful positioning and local contraction indicates an unsuccessful positioning. This method requires a high level of expertise from the practitioner and may be very time consuming.
  • Another method suggests the use of a probe that also serves as the introduction device for the stimulator. The practitioner uses the probe to locate the desired position and then uses the probe to insert the stimulator to the located position.
  • Some problems may occur after positioning the stimulator. One problem is that a rigid stimulator may damage the muscles/nerves or surrounding tissue and lead to complications, for example causing inflammation, which may reduce tissue conductivity, so that the stimulator device may not stimulate the muscles/nerves properly. A second problem that may occur is movement of the stimulator and/or electrodes, which may cause a shift in the electrode alignment. The shift in the electrode alignment may reduce stimulation of the muscles/nerves thus preventing the stimulator from effectively causing tissue stimulation.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 7,447,551 to Kuo et al. the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference describes using a flexible circuit board in creating an implantable stimulator. The stimulator is coated with a flexible bio-compatible package material to enhance safety, durability and reliability of the implantable stimulator. Kuo further discloses using an array of electrodes to enlarge the electrical treatment area and improving the electrical treatment efficiency.
  • SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
  • An aspect of an embodiment of the invention, relates to an implantable stimulator for stimulating muscles and/or nerves, with a dynamically controllable array of electrodes. The array of electrodes is made up from one or more rows and one or more columns of electrodes positioned on a surface that can be placed in contact with a muscle/nerve. Optionally, the stimulator may have multiple arrays, for example one on each side of the stimulator or even multiple arrays on each side of the stimulator. In an exemplary embodiment of the invention, the array of electrodes has a density greater than the density of the muscle/nerve contact points, which need to be stimulated; or the array of electrodes occupies an area larger than that of the muscle/nerve contact point. In any of the above two options, once the stimulator is initially positioned at least some of the electrodes will coincide with the position of the contact points.
  • In an exemplary embodiment of the invention, the stimulator automatically determines which electrodes are in contact with points on the muscle/nerve wherein the action potentials signals measured at those points indicates that they are desirable contact points. The properties measured for an action potential signal may include among other details: frequency, amplitude, and propagation speed. Optionally, when relating to muscle stimulation, the contact points are generally located in the motor units, which include the neuromuscular junction.
  • In an exemplary embodiment of the invention, the method of selecting a specific electrode or group of electrodes may include measuring the action potentials amplitudes, and creating time integrals, for example by using Root Mean Square to determine the location of the muscle's Motor Units. Alternatively or additionally, other algorithms, such as decomposition algorithms, or Correlation Kernel Compensation, may help to determine the location of the muscle's Motor Units. Optionally, the electrodes that are close or in contact with the muscles Motor Units are selected as having measured the lowest resistance at the electrode contact point and those electrodes are used to stimulate the muscles/nerves of the patient. Optionally, the determination may be made periodically or upon request of the patient or practitioner. In an alternative embodiment of the invention, the practitioner that installs the stimulator, communicates with the stimulator wirelessly using a computer and selects the electrodes that elicit the most prominent clinical reaction.
  • In an exemplary embodiment of the invention, the array of electrodes is used to identify contracting regions. The controller in the stimulator can then choose to stimulate the contracting regions or the non-contracting regions.
  • In some embodiments of the invention, the electrodes serve as inputs and outputs. Alternatively, some of the electrodes serve as inputs and some serve as outputs. Optionally, the inputs measure the resistance or electrical activity of the muscle/nerve at their contact point with the muscle/nerve.
  • In some embodiment of the invention, the stimulator is made up from a few basic rigid elements, for example an integrated circuit to control the stimulator, a memory chip, a power source (e.g. a battery), a transceiver and other elements. Optionally, each element is wrapped separately in a bio-compatible encasement and connected with flexible wiring or a common flexible backbone serving as a communication bus between the elements of the stimulator, thus providing a flexible stimulator, In an exemplary embodiment of the invention, the electrodes are provided as a separate element made up from an array of contacts on a flexible material, for example, wherein the material is made up from Polyimide, Polyester or PEEK thermoplastic with the electrodes embedded in it.
  • There is thus provided according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention, an implantable stimulator for stimulating muscles or nerves, including:
  • an array of electrodes for electrically stimulating muscles or nerves;
  • a controller for controlling the activity of the electrodes;
  • wherein the controller is adapted to dynamically select the electrodes that are used to participate in stimulating the muscles or nerves.
  • Optionally, the implantable stimulator further includes a power source to power the stimulator.
  • In an exemplary embodiment of the invention, the implantable stimulator further includes a transceiver to wirelessly communicate with external devices and receive commands for the controller.
  • Optionally, the controller selects the electrodes responsive to a communication from an external device.
  • In an exemplary embodiment of the invention, the controller periodically updates the selection of electrodes to participate in stimulation of the muscle or nerve.
  • Optionally, the controller selects the electrodes responsive to a determination made by electrical measurements made by the electrodes.
  • In an exemplary embodiment of the invention, substantially all the electrodes can serve as inputs to measure electrical activity in the muscles or nerves and as outputs to electrically stimulate the muscles or nerves.
  • Optionally, some of the electrodes serve as inputs to measure electrical activity in the muscles or nerves and some of the electrodes serve as outputs to electrically stimulate the muscles or nerves.
  • In an exemplary embodiment of the invention, the density of the array of electrodes is greater than the density of the active contact points of the muscle or nerve being stimulated by the stimulator.
  • Optionally, the array of electrodes is connected by flexible wires to the other elements of the stimulator.
  • In an exemplary embodiment of the invention, the stimulator is made up from multiple independent parts connected together electrically by a flexible connection.
  • Optionally, the stimulator is made up from flexible material. In an exemplary embodiment of the invention, the array of electrodes forms a three-dimensional shape shielding the controller in said three-dimensional shape.
  • In an exemplary embodiment of the invention, the implantable stimulator further includes a housing, and said controller is located within the housing.
  • Optionally, the implantable stimulator further includes a housing, and the controller, and the power source are located within the housing.
  • In an exemplary embodiment of the invention, the stimulator is adapted to be implanted at the base of a person's tongue.
  • Optionally, the implantable stimulator further includes sensors to sense physiological parameters of the person with the implanted stimulator.
  • In an exemplary embodiment of the invention, the sensors are adapted to sense physical parameters from the group consisting of temperature, vibrations, and audio signals.
  • Optionally, the stimulator is activated responsive to measurements received by the sensors.
  • In an exemplary embodiment of the invention, the power source receives power wirelessly.
  • There is further provided according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention, a method of stimulating muscles or nerves using an implantable stimulator with an array of electrodes, including:
  • dynamically selecting the electrodes that will participate in stimulating the muscle or nerve from the available electrodes; and
  • activating the selected electrodes to stimulate a muscle or nerve.
  • In an exemplary embodiment of the invention, the method further includes implanting the stimulator so that the array of electrodes is in proximity with a muscle or nerve.
  • Optionally, the selection is performed manually by a practitioner by communicating with the stimulator and instructing the stimulator to activate one or more electrodes or groups of electrodes while observing the response.
  • Alternatively or additionally, the selection is performed by the electrode array measuring electrical parameters through one or more electrodes or group of electrodes and making a selection based on the results of said measurements.
  • Optionally, the selection is performed by the electrode array measuring electrical parameters through an external device.
  • In an exemplary embodiment of the invention, the selection is repeated periodically.
  • Optionally, the selection is activated responsive to inputs accepted by the stimulator.
  • In an exemplary embodiment of the invention, the selection is activated responsive to sensor input.
  • Optionally, dynamically selecting further includes performing a pre-programmed algorithm to weigh the results from various inputs and determining whether to provide stimulation.
  • In an exemplary embodiment of the invention, the method further includes determining the specific stimulation protocol to provide.
  • Optionally, the dynamic selection is responsive to electrical measurements at the location of the electrodes.
  • In an exemplary embodiment of the invention, the dynamic selection is responsive to responsiveness of the nerve or muscle at the location of the electrodes.
  • Optionally, the method further includes adjusting the stimulator responsive to a measurement before activating the stimulator.
  • In an exemplary embodiment of the invention, the stimulation is provided at specific times, for specific time duration, or periodically.
  • BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
  • The present invention will be understood and better appreciated from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the drawings. Identical structures, elements or parts, which appear in more than one figure, are generally labeled with the same or similar number in all the figures in which they appear, wherein:
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a block diagram of an electrical stimulator, according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention;
  • FIG. 2A is a schematic illustration of an electrical stimulator with independent elements connected by flexible wires, according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention;
  • FIG. 2B is a schematic illustration of an electrical stimulator with independent elements connected by a flexible backbone serving as a communication bus, according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention;
  • FIG. 3A is a schematic illustration of a flexible electrode array shaped as a tent, according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention;
  • FIG. 3B is a schematic illustration of a flexible electrode array shielding beneath it other elements connected together by a flexible wire, according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention;
  • FIG. 3C is a schematic illustration of a flexible electrode array shielding beneath it other elements connected together by a flexible communication bus, according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention;
  • FIG. 3D is a schematic illustration of a flexible electrode array implanted at the base of the tongue, according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention;
  • FIG. 4A is a schematic illustration of a flexible electrode array shaped as a flat surface, according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention;
  • FIG. 4B is a schematic illustration of a flexible electrode array shaped as a cylinder, according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention;
  • FIG. 4C is a schematic illustration of a flexible electrode array shaped as a 3 dimensional curved surface with electrodes on the inner side, according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention;
  • FIG. 4D is a schematic illustration of a flexible electrode array with branches of electrodes extending from a common center, according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention;
  • FIG. 4E is a schematic illustration of a flexible electrode array with branches of electrodes of various sizes extending from a common center, according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention; and
  • FIG. 5 is a flow diagram of a method of using a stimulator, according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention.
  • DETAILED DESCRIPTION
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a block diagram of an electrical stimulator 100, according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention. In an exemplary embodiment of the invention, stimulator 100 includes an electrode array 110, which is designed to be placed in contact with the contact points of nerves or muscles, or in proximity thereof, so that the electrodes can stimulate the contact points. Optionally, the electrode array is denser than the contact points on the muscle or nerve (e.g. 1-100,000 electrodes per millimeter, or per centimeter) or the array of electrodes occupies an area larger than that of the muscle/nerve contact point, so that each contact point on the muscle or nerve that needs to be stimulated will have one or more electrodes 115 in contact with it. In some embodiments of the present invention, some or all of the electrodes can be placed in proximity with the contact points of nerves or muscles. In the context of the present invention placed, includes, but is not limited to implanted, inserted, injected, wrapped, and in any other way positioned in contact or in proximity to contact points of nerves or muscles. In some embodiments of the invention, the tips of the electrodes that are in contact with the patients tissue may be any shape, for example circular or rectangular. Optionally, the tip may be flat or rounded to prevent electrode array 110 from getting stuck if placed in contact with the patient's tissue before reaching its final position. Alternatively, the tips of the electrode may be coated with materials that encourage tissue fibrosis. Alternatively, the tips may be thorn like to anchor stimulator 100. In an exemplary embodiment of the invention, electrodes 115 are made of or plated with a bio-compatible metal (e.g. a noble metal like platinum or gold).
  • Optionally, the shape of electrode array 110 is selected based on the type of nerve or muscle needed to be stimulated. In some embodiments of the invention, the shape may be one dimensional (e.g. a line of electrodes), two dimensional or three dimensional.
  • In an exemplary embodiment of the invention, an electrode array controller 120 is used to control the electrodes 115 of electrode array 110. Optionally, electrode array controller 120 can be used to select or deselect any of the electrodes 115, so that when stimulator 100 outputs a stimulation pulse the selected electrodes will output the pulse. In some embodiments of the invention, some electrodes are output electrodes and some are input electrodes. Alternatively, the electrodes can be selected to be either input or output. Optionally, electrode array controller 120 can use input electrodes as input sensors, for example to serve as an electromyograph (EMG), detecting the resistance/conductivity or action potential of the muscles/nerves in contact with a specific electrode. Optionally, such a measurement can be used to locate the desired area for stimulation of the muscle or nerve and determine which electrodes 115 are in contact with the desired areas.
  • In an exemplary embodiment of the invention, due to external forces exerted on stimulator 100 after being embedded in a patient, the exact position of the electrode array may shift and electrodes 115 that were previously selected to stimulate contact points may shift over and other electrodes may be in contact with the muscle/nerve contact points in their place. As explained above the electrodes participating in stimulating the muscles/nerves of the patient are dynamically selectable, so that the electrodes 115 participating in stimulating the muscles/nerves can be reselected to overcome such problems.
  • In an exemplary embodiment of the invention, stimulator 100 includes a control circuit 130, which includes a general purpose CPU or an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) or the like to control the functionality of the stimulator, for example to determine when to provide a stimulation signal and the parameters of the signal, for example its frequency, pulse width, pulse shape, pulse interval and pulse duration. Optionally, control circuit 130 is preprogrammed to apply various stimulation programs, such as:
  • 1. A nerve stimulation program;
  • 2. A muscle stimulation program; and
  • 3. Biphasic stimulation that alternates polarization on the electrodes 115 to prevent accumulation of ions and acidosis thus reducing tissue damage.
  • Optionally, each program may use different pulse frequency, shapes, widths, intervals, durations and other parameters for the stimulation signal applied to the electrodes.
  • In some embodiments of the invention, stimulator 100 includes a memory 140, for example a non-volatile memory that is used to store operational parameters or program code which the control circuit can act upon,
  • Optionally, stimulator 100 further includes a power supply 160, which may include a rechargeable battery, for example a Li-Ion battery. Alternatively or additionally, the power supply may include a capacitor and/or coil for holding charge for a short term until charging the battery or for immediate consumption. In an exemplary embodiment of the invention, the power for using the device is provided by wireless transmission of power to a power receptor 170, for example an induction coil or RFID coil. In an exemplary embodiment of the invention, stimulator 100 may be activated as long as power receptor 170 is accepting transmitted power. Alternatively, stimulator 100 is first charged and then activated to consume the power from power supply 160. Further alternatively, priority is giving to the stimulation: first stimulating by passing the received power transmission directly to the stimulation circuit, and then charging.
  • In some embodiments of the invention, stimulator 100 includes a transceiver 150 for communicating between stimulator 100 and an external device, such as a personal computer 180 or an external activation device 190 that is designed to communicate with stimulator 100.
  • In some embodiments of the invention, the communications and/or power transfer are performed using a non-standard protocol to prevent interference from standard communication equipment. Alternatively, standard communication protocols may be used, for example communicating with WIFI, BlueTooth (BT), RF or other common standards so that stimulator 100 can readily communicate with standard equipment that is readily available, such as personal computer 180 or a cellular telephone (e.g. using BT). Optionally, communications with stimulator 100 may be encrypted and/or require authentication to prevent undesirable transmissions from non-authorized users. Alternatively or additionally, a predefined range of transmission frequencies is used so it will not interfere or receive interference from other radio emitting devices.
  • In some embodiments of the invention, stimulator 100 includes one or more sensors 125 that sense various parameters such as temperature, sound, vibrations, pressure, electrical current, impedance, and the like. Alternatively or additionally, stimulator 100 receives wireless communication from sensors implanted elsewhere in the patient or located outside of the patient. Optionally, muscle/nerve stimulation can be activated responsive to the measurements of sensors 125. In some embodiments of the invention, stimulator 100 may activate stimulation responsive to specific combinations of measurements. An example of use of an internal or external sensor occurs in dealing with Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA). During sleep a person inhales colder air (e.g. at room temperature of about 25° C.) and exhales warmer air (e.g. at body temperature of about 37° C.). Optionally, stimulator 100 may be planted at the base of the tongue adjacent to the air path of the patient's breath. A temperature sensor can follow the breathing pattern by following the temperature changes and alert stimulator 100 to stimulate the tongue muscles responsive to a determination that the tongue is blocking the path. Alternatively, an external sensor can be positioned over the patient's mouth or nose to keep track of the breathing pattern.
  • In some embodiments of the invention, sensor 125 is used to measure the electrical current or impedance of specific electrodes to determine the importance of the specific electrode in stimulating the nerve/muscle at the current position of stimulator 100 and electrode array 110.
  • FIG. 2A is a schematic illustration of an electrical stimulator 200 with independent elements 220 connected by flexible wires, according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention; and FIG. 2B is a schematic illustration of an electrical stimulator 250 with independent elements 270 connected by a flexible backbone 280 serving as a communication bus, according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention. In an exemplary embodiment of the invention, as illustrated above in FIG. 1 stimulator 100 is made up from various elements. Optionally, each element may comprise a rigid electronic circuit or other rigid parts (e.g. a battery, a coil, a capacitor, an integrated circuit), which communicate electronically with the other elements of stimulator 100. In some embodiments of the invention, as illustrated in FIG. 2A by stimulator 200, elements 220 are electronically connected by flexible wires 210, thus providing a larger overall flexible stimulator 200. Alternatively, as illustrated in FIG. 2B, elements 270 are connected to a flexible communication bus 280, forming an overall flexible stimulator 280. Optionally, a flexible stimulator is less apt to be damaged by external forces and can be more easily manipulated to fit into various positions inside the patients body. Additionally, a flexible stimulator such as shown in FIGS. 2A or 2B will also allow free 3D movement of an organ (e.g. muscle) without causing damage. Optionally, the flexible connection between the elements enables the elements to be freely positioned relative to each other and effectively allow bending or folding of stimulator 100.
  • In an exemplary embodiment of the invention, electrode array 110 is designed to match the muscle or nerve it will be interfacing. FIG. 3A is a schematic illustration of a flexible electrode array 300 shaped as a triangular tent, according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention. In an exemplary embodiment of the invention, the flexible electrode array is shaped to fit the nerve or muscle it is to be placed inside or next to. In another exemplary embodiment of the invention, the flexible electrode array is shaped to fit a recess between nerves or tissue, a compartment in muscles or between tissues, or an epimysial surface. Such recess, compartment or surface can naturally occur or be artificially created. Electrode array 300 is densely populated (e.g. between 1×1 to 1000×1000 electrodes 310 per millimeter square or more, or less) and it is designed to be used to stimulate the Genioglossus muscle at the base of the tongue for treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA). It should be noted that the above design is not limiting and other designs can also be used for treatment of OSA.
  • FIG. 3B is a schematic illustration of a flexible electrode array 300 shielding beneath it other elements 330 connected together by a flexible wire 320 and FIG. 3C is a schematic illustration of a flexible electrode array 300 shielding beneath it other elements 330 connected together by a flexible communication bus 325, according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention; In other exemplary embodiments of the invention, the flexible electrode array can comprise a shape forming a housing, or be placed on a housing, said other elements 330 connected together are placed within said housing.
  • In an exemplary embodiment of the invention, electrode array 300 is connected by flexible wires 320, as shown in FIG. 3B, to elements 330 and battery 340, which constitute the elements of stimulator 100. Alternatively, electrode array 300 is connected by flexible bus 325, as shown in FIG. 3C, to elements 330 and battery 340, which constitute the elements of stimulator 100. In some embodiments of the invention, battery 340 is not part of the elements of simulator 100. Alternative power sources to battery 340 can include a capacitor, super capacitor, piezo-electric charging material, mechanical (induced by body or other organ or tissue movement) or chemical (such as ionic difference) power sources, coil or a coil having a ferrite core, and the like. In one exemplary embodiment of the invention action potential generated by neurons and nerve tissue across the nerve or muscle are gather via the electrode array and stored in a capacitor (not shown). The action potential translated into energy can be used to power the device of the invention. In an exemplary embodiment of the invention the housing is made of flexible bio compatible material such that the entire device is flexible.
  • The triangular tent shape of array 300 and the other shapes disclosed herein, assists in forming contact between electrodes 310 and the contact points at the base of the Genioglossus muscle, or more specifically near the compartments of the Genioglossus oblique fibers, and above the Geniohyoid muscle. Additionally, the triangular tent shape provide for a cavity or an opening underneath thereof that can be exploited to store other elements 330 and battery 340 or other power sources of stimulator 100 by folding them up or placing them beneath array 300 or within said housing (not shown).
  • FIG. 3D is a schematic illustration of flexible electrode array 300 implanted at the base of the tongue, according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention. Optionally, electrode array 300 is designed so that when it is deployed, electrodes 310 will be in contact with the Genioglossus muscle 350 and more specifically adjacent to the Genioglossus horizontal fibers 350 and/or near the Hypoglossal nerves 360, so that electrodes 310 will successfully be able to stimulate the Genioglossus horizontal compartment causing dilation of the pharynx during breathing. Optionally, the shape of electrode array 300 is especially efficient in stimulating the Genioglossus muscle 350, as this muscle has numerous motor end plates, located in various locations in contrast to many other muscles.
  • FIGS. 4A-4E provide various exemplary shapes, of electrode arrays to be used to position the electrode array in proximity with the muscles or nerves that are to be stimulated by the electrodes of the array. The exemplary shapes include:
  • 1. A flat surface 400;
  • 2. A cylinder 410;
  • 3. A 3 dimensional curved surface 420 with electrodes on the inner side to match a cylindrical muscle/nerve;
  • 4. A flexible electrode pad 430 with branches of electrodes extending from a common center; and
  • 5. A flexible electrode pad 440 with branches of electrodes of various sizes extending from a common center.
  • Optionally, other shapes may be used to maximize contact between the electrodes and the muscles/nerves. In an exemplary embodiment of the invention, the shape is designed to match the muscles/nerves that stimulator 100 is designed to stimulate.
  • FIG. 5 is a flow diagram 500 of a method of stimulating muscles or nerves using implantable stimulator 100 with an array of electrodes, according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention. In an exemplary embodiment of the invention, a medical practitioner implants (510) the device. The implantation process depends on the location and type of muscle/nerve to be stimulated. Optionally, due to the small size of stimulator 100 (e.g. with a length and width between 0.01 mm to 10 mm) a non-invasive procedure is preferable, for example by injecting the device using a hypodermic needle with local anesthesia only. Optionally, the use of a point and shoot insertion method is preferable, since it is more comfortable for the patient and less invasive. Optionally according to the present invention, stimulator 100 is advantageous since the multiplicity of electrodes relative to the number of contact points on the muscle/nerve and the ability to select the optimal electrodes for stimulation after implantation, reduce the need to adjust the position of stimulator 100 responsive to actual stimulation during the insertion process. An example of use of a stimulator 100 is in dealing with Obstructive Sleep Apnea patients. In an exemplary embodiment of the invention, stimulator 100 is implanted in the vicinity of the Hypoglossal nerve using a shallow transcutaneous approach. In other cases stimulator 100 is implanted into the Genioglossus muscle using an intraoral or transcutaneous/submandibular approach.
  • Optionally, after implanting stimulator 100 the practitioner may adjust (520) the implanted stimulator responsive to an Ultrasound, MRI, CT, X-ray or other measurements before activating the stimulator 100. In some embodiments of the invention, the implantation is performed using a point and shoot process that does not require additional adjustments, however in some cases, usually depending on the type of stimulator and position of implantation in the patient's body further measurements may be required to verify accurate positioning, and further adjustments may be needed. In some embodiments of the invention, the implantation procedure is performed while using an imaging device (such as Ultrasound, MRI, CT, or X-ray) to guide the practitioner in locating the exact implantation site.
  • Once stimulator 100 is positioned the electrode array controller 120 dynamically selects (530) the electrodes from electrode array 110 that will be used to stimulate the muscle/nerve.
  • In some embodiments of the invention, the selection is performed manually by the practitioner, for example by communicating with stimulator 100 (e.g. with computer 180) and either instructing stimulator 100 to activate single electrodes or groups of electrodes while observing the response, and/or instructing stimulator 100 to use the electrode array 110 to measure electrical parameters such as resistance, conductance, or EMG signals, for each electrode or for groups of electrodes. Optionally, the practitioner may also measure a response via an external device, for example a surface EMG, fiber optic, manometer, polysomnograph, pulse oximeter, EEG, microphone.
  • In some embodiments of the invention, the selection may be performed automatically by electrode array controller 120, wherein electrode array controller 120 measures EMG signals, or other signals, and dynamically selects (530) the electrodes that will participate in the stimulation process responsive to the measurements.
  • In some embodiments of the invention, stimulator 100 automatically, repeats the dynamic selection process before every use, or periodically (e.g. every day or every week or before the next use, or at predetermined intervals) to verify that stimulator 100 has not moved and to remedy the situation if it has. Such predetermined intervals can be determined through a preprogrammed plan or reprogrammed when so required, or ad hoc as per each use. For example, the dynamic selection can be performed every few seconds or every few minutes or on an hourly basis and the like.
  • In some embodiments of the invention, stimulator 100 is activated (550) responsive to various inputs accepted (540) by stimulator 100. Optionally, the inputs may be based on physiological parameters of the patient or may be based on commands from an external source such as external activation device 190. In an exemplary embodiment of the invention, external activation device 190 is used to activate the stimulator whenever the patient feels the need, for example when suffering pain or when interested that muscles controlled by stimulator 100 be activated.
  • Optionally, when treating OSA, the patient may activate stimulator 100 when going to sleep, and stimulator 100 will perform muscle/nerve stimulation responsive to sensors that determine that the patient's tongue needs to be stimulated to enable the patient to breathe. Optionally, external activation device 190 may be a simple transmitter with one or more buttons or switches 195 to transmit signals to stimulator 100 and to select from a few options, for example to stimulate immediately, periodically or responsive to sensor measurements. Alternatively a general purpose computer 180 can be used to program stimulator 100 by transmitting simple or complex commands and receiving responses from stimulator 100. In some embodiments of the invention, external activation device 190 supplies power to stimulator 100. Optionally, stimulator 100 may be activated (550) whenever power is provided. Alternatively, it may charge power supply 160 and be activated (550) at a later time.
  • In some embodiments of the invention, stimulator 100 may sense various physiological parameters of the patient with sensors 125, for example:
  • 1. Specific periodic vibrations or lack of vibrations from the patient's respiratory system;
  • 2. Temperature in the vicinity of stimulator 100, for example a higher temperature value responsive to the patient expiration in the vicinity of the implanted stimulator 100 and a lower temperature value responsive to the patient inspiration in the vicinity of stimulator 100. A decrease in the temperature change may indicate reduction in breathing;
  • 3. Audio signals, for example, keeping track of the patient's heartbeat, breathing/snoring pattern, or breathing/snoring sounds. Optionally, a decrease in the volume of breathing sounds may indicate an OSA event;
  • 4. EMG signals, for example, keeping track of the patient's muscle tone. Optionally, a decrease in the patient's muscle tone may indicate an OSA event. Optionally, an increase in the patient's respiratory auxiliary muscle tone may indicate an OSA event.
  • In some embodiments of the invention, sensors are placed at other positions on the patient's body and they communicate wirelessly with stimulator 100.
  • In some embodiments of the invention, control 130 may perform a pre-programmed algorithm to weigh the results from various inputs and determine if to stimulate or not. Optionally, control 130 can be programmed to decide the specific stimulation protocol (e.g. pulse width, pulse amplitude, pulse shape).
  • In some embodiments of the invention, stimulator 100 operates independently, without receiving any feedback. Optionally, stimulator 100 is pre-programmed to stimulate at specific times, for specific time duration, or to stimulate periodically, for example for 10 seconds every hour.
  • It should be appreciated that the above described methods and apparatus may be varied in many ways, including omitting or adding steps, changing the order of steps and the type of devices used. It should be appreciated that different features may be combined in different ways. In particular, not all the features shown above in a particular embodiment are necessary in every embodiment of the invention. Further combinations of the above features are also considered to be within the scope of some embodiments of the invention.
  • It will be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to what has been particularly shown and described hereinabove. Rather the scope of the present invention is defined only by the claims, which follow.

Claims (21)

1-34. (canceled)
35. An implantable stimulator for stimulating muscles or nerves the implantable stimulator comprising:
an array of electrodes for electrically stimulating at east one of a nerve or a muscle of a subject;
at least one processing device configured to:
detect, based on signals received from the array of electrodes, a measurement of an electromyography signal;
dynamically select one or more electrodes within the array of electrodes to stimulate the nerve or muscle, the one or more electrodes being selected based on the measurement in order to stimulate a desired area of the nerve or muscle; and
receive, from an external device, power used both to activate the selected electrodes and to stimulate the nerve or muscle.
36. The implantable stimulator of claim 35, wherein the power for activating the selected electrodes is used for causing a muscle contraction.
37. The implantable stimulator of claim 36, wherein the implantable stimulator is located in a vicinity of the subject's tongue; and
the power for activating the selected electrodes is used to cause a contraction of a genioglossus muscle of the subject.
38. The implantable stimulator of claim 37, wherein the power for activating the selected electrodes is used to further cause dilation of a pharynx.
39. The implantable stimulator of claim 35, wherein the at least one processing device is further configured to receive stimulation signals from the external device.
40. The implantable stimulator of claim 35, wherein the power received from the external device through wireless transmission.
41. The implantable stimulator of claim 35, wherein at least one processing device is further configured to receive a command from the external device and to transmit responses to the external device.
42. The implantable stimulator of claim 35, wherein the measurement s indicative of a sleep-apnea related event
43. The implantable stimulator of claim 35, wherein the measurement is indicative of a precursor to a sleep-apnea related event.
44. The implantable stimulator of claim 35, wherein the selected electrodes are activated whenever power is provided.
45. method for stimulating muscles or nerves, the method comprising:
detecting, by an implantable stimulator and based on signals received from an array of electrodes for electrically stimulating at least one of a nerve or a muscle of a subject, a measurement of an electromyography signal;
dynamically selecting one or more electrodes within the array of electrodes to stimulate the nerve or muscle, the one or more electrodes being selected based on the measurement in order to stimulate a desired area of the nerve or muscle; and
receiving, from an external device, power used both to activate the selected electrodes and to stimulate the nerve or muscle.
46. The method of claim 45, wherein the method further comprises causing a muscle contraction using the received power.
47. The method of claim 46, wherein the implantable stimulator is located in a vicinity of the subject's tongue and the method further comprises causing a contraction of a genioglossus muscle of the subject using the received power.
48. The method of claim 47, wherein the method further comprises causing a dilation of a pharynx using the received power.
49. The method of claim 45, wherein the method further comprises receiving stimulation signals from the external device.
50. The method of claim 45, wherein the external device is a transmitter configured to wirelessly transmit power to the implantable stimulator.
51. The method of claim 45, wherein the method further comprises receiving a command from the external device and transmitting responses to the external device.
52. The method of claim 45, w herein the measurement is indicative of a sleep-apnea related event.
53. The method of claim 45, wherein the measurement is indicative of a precursor to a sleep-apnea related event.
54. The method of claim 45, wherein the method further comprises activating the selected electrodes whenever the power is provided.
US17/022,832 2009-10-20 2020-09-16 Implantable electrical stimulator Pending US20200406030A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US17/022,832 US20200406030A1 (en) 2009-10-20 2020-09-16 Implantable electrical stimulator

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US12/581,907 US10806926B2 (en) 2009-10-20 2009-10-20 Implantable electrical stimulator
US17/022,832 US20200406030A1 (en) 2009-10-20 2020-09-16 Implantable electrical stimulator

Related Parent Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US12/581,907 Continuation US10806926B2 (en) 2009-10-20 2009-10-20 Implantable electrical stimulator

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20200406030A1 true US20200406030A1 (en) 2020-12-31

Family

ID=43754790

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US12/581,907 Active US10806926B2 (en) 2009-10-20 2009-10-20 Implantable electrical stimulator
US17/022,832 Pending US20200406030A1 (en) 2009-10-20 2020-09-16 Implantable electrical stimulator

Family Applications Before (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US12/581,907 Active US10806926B2 (en) 2009-10-20 2009-10-20 Implantable electrical stimulator

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (2) US10806926B2 (en)
EP (2) EP2558158A1 (en)
AU (1) AU2010309433B2 (en)
CA (1) CA2803485C (en)
IL (2) IL223774A (en)
WO (1) WO2011048590A1 (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2024088537A1 (en) * 2022-10-26 2024-05-02 Desmond Barry Keenan System and method for peripheral nerve stimulation

Families Citing this family (86)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA2722987A1 (en) * 2008-05-02 2009-11-05 Medtronic, Inc. Electrode lead system
EP3708219B1 (en) 2008-05-15 2022-08-03 Inspire Medical Systems, Inc. Apparatus for sensing respiratory pressure in an implantable stimulation system
US8892210B2 (en) 2008-07-02 2014-11-18 Niveus Medical, Inc. Devices, systems, and methods for automated optimization of energy delivery
US9149386B2 (en) 2008-08-19 2015-10-06 Niveus Medical, Inc. Devices and systems for stimulation of tissues
JP5547200B2 (en) 2008-10-01 2014-07-09 インスパイア・メディカル・システムズ・インコーポレイテッド Transvenous treatment to treat sleep apnea
EP3184045B1 (en) 2008-11-19 2023-12-06 Inspire Medical Systems, Inc. System treating sleep disordered breathing
JP2012521864A (en) 2009-03-31 2012-09-20 インスパイア・メディカル・システムズ・インコーポレイテッド Percutaneous access method in a system for treating sleep-related abnormal breathing
US9409013B2 (en) 2009-10-20 2016-08-09 Nyxoah SA Method for controlling energy delivery as a function of degree of coupling
US9415216B2 (en) 2009-10-20 2016-08-16 Nyxoah SA Devices for treatment of sleep apnea
US10716940B2 (en) * 2009-10-20 2020-07-21 Nyxoah SA Implant unit for modulation of small diameter nerves
AU2010319602B2 (en) 2009-11-11 2015-09-24 Sage Products, Llc Synergistic muscle activation device
EP3381366A1 (en) 2010-03-12 2018-10-03 Inspire Medical Systems, Inc. System for identifying a location for nerve stimulation
US8788045B2 (en) 2010-06-08 2014-07-22 Bluewind Medical Ltd. Tibial nerve stimulation
US8983572B2 (en) 2010-10-29 2015-03-17 Inspire Medical Systems, Inc. System and method for patient selection in treating sleep disordered breathing
US9186504B2 (en) 2010-11-15 2015-11-17 Rainbow Medical Ltd Sleep apnea treatment
US9457186B2 (en) 2010-11-15 2016-10-04 Bluewind Medical Ltd. Bilateral feedback
JP6092212B2 (en) 2011-08-11 2017-03-08 インスパイア・メディカル・システムズ・インコーポレイテッドInspire Medical Systems, Inc. System for selecting a stimulation protocol based on detection results of respiratory effort
US8855783B2 (en) 2011-09-09 2014-10-07 Enopace Biomedical Ltd. Detector-based arterial stimulation
EP2760538B1 (en) 2011-09-30 2022-08-10 Nyxoah SA Antenna providing variable communication with an implant
WO2013111137A2 (en) 2012-01-26 2013-08-01 Rainbow Medical Ltd. Wireless neurqstimulatqrs
AU2013263068B2 (en) * 2012-05-15 2016-09-29 Imthera Medical, Inc. Stimulation of a hypoglossal nerve for controlling the position of a patient's tongue
US9468768B2 (en) 2012-06-14 2016-10-18 Case Western Reserve University Delaying the onset of muscle fatigue associated with functional electrical stimulation
US9468753B2 (en) * 2012-06-14 2016-10-18 Case Western Reserve University System and method for stimulating motor units
EP3326687A1 (en) * 2012-06-25 2018-05-30 Sage Products, LLC Devices and systems for stimulation of tissues
US9526906B2 (en) 2012-07-26 2016-12-27 Nyxoah SA External resonance matching between an implanted device and an external device
WO2014087337A1 (en) 2012-12-06 2014-06-12 Bluewind Medical Ltd. Delivery of implantable neurostimulators
US8874220B2 (en) * 2012-12-13 2014-10-28 Nuraleve Inc. Neurostimulation system, device, and method
US10940311B2 (en) * 2013-03-29 2021-03-09 Neurometrix, Inc. Apparatus and method for button-free control of a wearable transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulator using interactive gestures and other means
CN105744986B (en) 2013-09-16 2019-02-22 斯坦福大学董事会 The multicomponent coupler generated for electromagnetic energy
WO2015077283A1 (en) 2013-11-19 2015-05-28 The Cleveland Clinic Foundation System for treating obstructive sleep apnea
US10195426B2 (en) 2014-01-07 2019-02-05 Invicta Medical, Inc. Method and apparatus for treating sleep apnea
US10004913B2 (en) 2014-03-03 2018-06-26 The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University Methods and apparatus for power conversion and data transmission in implantable sensors, stimulators, and actuators
WO2015171213A1 (en) 2014-05-09 2015-11-12 The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University Autofocus wireless power transfer to implantable devices in freely moving animals
EP3753517B1 (en) 2014-05-18 2022-05-11 Neuspera Medical Inc. Midfield coupler
US20160336813A1 (en) 2015-05-15 2016-11-17 NeuSpera Medical Inc. Midfield coupler
USD752236S1 (en) 2014-12-03 2016-03-22 Neurohabilitation Corporation Non-invasive neurostimulation device
USD751213S1 (en) 2014-12-03 2016-03-08 Neurohabilitation Corporation Non-invasive neurostimulation device
USD753316S1 (en) 2014-12-03 2016-04-05 Neurohabilitation Corporation Non-invasive neurostimulation device
US9072889B1 (en) * 2014-12-03 2015-07-07 Neurohabilitation Corporation Systems for providing non-invasive neurorehabilitation of a patient
USD751722S1 (en) 2014-12-03 2016-03-15 Neurohabilitation Corporation Non-invasive neurostimulation device
USD760397S1 (en) 2014-12-03 2016-06-28 Neurohabilitation Corporation Non-invasive neurostimulation device
US9272133B1 (en) 2014-12-03 2016-03-01 Neurohabilitation Corporation Methods of manufacturing devices for the neurorehabilitation of a patient
USD753315S1 (en) 2014-12-03 2016-04-05 Neurohabilitation Corporation Non-invasive neurostimulation device
USD750794S1 (en) 2014-12-03 2016-03-01 Neurohabilitation Corporation Non-invasive neurostimulation device
US9981127B2 (en) 2014-12-03 2018-05-29 Neurohabilitation Corporation Systems and methods for providing non-invasive neurorehabilitation of a patient
US9415210B2 (en) 2014-12-03 2016-08-16 Neurohabilitation Corporation Methods of manufacturing devices for the neurorehabilitation of a patient
US9283377B1 (en) 2014-12-03 2016-03-15 Neurohabilitation Corporation Devices for delivering non-invasive neuromodulation to a patient
US9789306B2 (en) 2014-12-03 2017-10-17 Neurohabilitation Corporation Systems and methods for providing non-invasive neurorehabilitation of a patient
USD750264S1 (en) 2014-12-03 2016-02-23 Neurohabilitation Corporation Non-invasive neurostimulation device
US9993640B2 (en) 2014-12-03 2018-06-12 Neurohabilitation Corporation Devices for delivering non-invasive neuromodulation to a patient
USD751214S1 (en) 2014-12-03 2016-03-08 Neurohabilitation Corporation Non-invasive neurostimulation device
USD750268S1 (en) 2014-12-03 2016-02-23 Neurohabilitation Corporation Non-invasive neurostimulation device
USD750265S1 (en) 2014-12-03 2016-02-23 Neurohabilitation Corporation Non-invasive neurostimulation device
USD749746S1 (en) 2014-12-03 2016-02-16 Neurohabilitation Corporation Non-invasive neurostimulation device
USD752766S1 (en) 2014-12-03 2016-03-29 Neurohabilitation Corporation Non-invasive neurostimulation device
USD750267S1 (en) 2014-12-03 2016-02-23 Neurohabilitation Corporation Non-invasive neurostimulation device
US9656060B2 (en) 2014-12-03 2017-05-23 Neurohabilitation Corporation Methods of manufacturing devices for the neurorehabilitation of a patient
US9616222B2 (en) 2014-12-03 2017-04-11 Neurohabilitation Corporation Systems for providing non-invasive neurorehabilitation of a patient
USD750266S1 (en) 2014-12-03 2016-02-23 Neurohabilitation Corporation Non-invasive neurostimulation device
US9415209B2 (en) 2014-12-03 2016-08-16 Neurohabilitation Corporation Methods of manufacturing devices for the neurorehabilitation of a patient
USD759830S1 (en) 2014-12-03 2016-06-21 Neurohabilitation Corporation Non-invasive neurostimulation device
US9227051B1 (en) 2014-12-03 2016-01-05 Neurohabilitation Corporation Devices for delivering non-invasive neuromodulation to a patient
US10004896B2 (en) 2015-01-21 2018-06-26 Bluewind Medical Ltd. Anchors and implant devices
US9597521B2 (en) 2015-01-21 2017-03-21 Bluewind Medical Ltd. Transmitting coils for neurostimulation
US9764146B2 (en) 2015-01-21 2017-09-19 Bluewind Medical Ltd. Extracorporeal implant controllers
AU2016233377B2 (en) 2015-03-19 2020-04-30 Inspire Medical Systems, Inc. Stimulation for treating sleep disordered breathing
DE102015106621A1 (en) * 2015-04-29 2016-11-03 Hella Kgaa Hueck & Co. Access and driving authorization system with increased security against relay attacks by using movement sensors integrated in the authorization means
US9782589B2 (en) 2015-06-10 2017-10-10 Bluewind Medical Ltd. Implantable electrostimulator for improving blood flow
US10195428B2 (en) 2015-09-29 2019-02-05 Medtronic, Inc. Neural stimulation to treat sleep apnea
US10105540B2 (en) 2015-11-09 2018-10-23 Bluewind Medical Ltd. Optimization of application of current
US9713707B2 (en) 2015-11-12 2017-07-25 Bluewind Medical Ltd. Inhibition of implant migration
US10084612B2 (en) * 2016-10-05 2018-09-25 International Business Machines Corporation Remote control with muscle sensor and alerting sensor
US10124178B2 (en) 2016-11-23 2018-11-13 Bluewind Medical Ltd. Implant and delivery tool therefor
US20180353764A1 (en) 2017-06-13 2018-12-13 Bluewind Medical Ltd. Antenna configuration
JP7162050B2 (en) 2017-08-11 2022-10-27 インスパイア・メディカル・システムズ・インコーポレイテッド cuff electrode
US10426424B2 (en) 2017-11-21 2019-10-01 General Electric Company System and method for generating and performing imaging protocol simulations
US11654283B2 (en) 2019-03-06 2023-05-23 Medtronic Xomed, Inc. Obstructive sleep apnea patient programmer for implantable devices
US11420063B2 (en) 2019-05-02 2022-08-23 Xii Medical, Inc. Systems and methods to improve sleep disordered breathing using closed-loop feedback
US11420061B2 (en) 2019-10-15 2022-08-23 Xii Medical, Inc. Biased neuromodulation lead and method of using same
US11491324B2 (en) 2019-10-16 2022-11-08 Invicta Medical, Inc. Adjustable devices for treating sleep apnea, and associated systems and methods
CN116669626A (en) 2020-11-04 2023-08-29 因维克塔医药公司 Implantable electrode with remote power delivery for treating sleep apnea and related systems and methods
US11691010B2 (en) 2021-01-13 2023-07-04 Xii Medical, Inc. Systems and methods for improving sleep disordered breathing
US20240278013A1 (en) * 2021-06-14 2024-08-22 Rehabtronics Inc. Systems for mitigating pressure injuries
US11400299B1 (en) 2021-09-14 2022-08-02 Rainbow Medical Ltd. Flexible antenna for stimulator
CN114795230B (en) * 2022-03-29 2023-07-07 北京理工大学 Implanted wireless nerve sensor for recording brain electrical signals
US11964154B1 (en) 2022-12-22 2024-04-23 Invicta Medical, Inc. Signal delivery devices to treat sleep apnea, and associated methods and systems

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0663137B1 (en) * 1993-07-01 2002-10-02 The University Of Melbourne Cochlear implant devices
US20080103545A1 (en) * 2006-10-13 2008-05-01 Apnex Medical, Inc. Obstructive sleep apnea treatment devices, systems and methods
US20130123568A1 (en) * 2010-07-01 2013-05-16 Stimdesigns Llc Universal closed-loop electrical stimulation system

Family Cites Families (45)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US727749A (en) * 1901-10-29 1903-05-12 William E Cook Rotary pump.
US4837049A (en) * 1986-06-17 1989-06-06 Alfred E. Mann Foundation For Scientific Research Method of making an electrode array
US5174287A (en) * 1991-05-28 1992-12-29 Medtronic, Inc. Airway feedback measurement system responsive to detected inspiration and obstructive apnea event
US5485851A (en) * 1994-09-21 1996-01-23 Medtronic, Inc. Method and apparatus for arousal detection
US5540733A (en) * 1994-09-21 1996-07-30 Medtronic, Inc. Method and apparatus for detecting and treating obstructive sleep apnea
US6051017A (en) * 1996-02-20 2000-04-18 Advanced Bionics Corporation Implantable microstimulator and systems employing the same
EP0892654B1 (en) * 1996-04-04 2003-06-11 Medtronic, Inc. Apparatus for living tissue stimulation and recording techniques
WO1997040679A1 (en) * 1996-05-01 1997-11-06 Imarx Pharmaceutical Corp. Methods for delivering compounds into a cell
AU1093099A (en) * 1997-10-17 1999-05-10 Penn State Research Foundation; The Muscle stimulating device and method for diagnosing and treating a breathin g disorder
AU5130199A (en) * 1998-07-27 2000-02-21 Case Western Reserve University Method and apparatus for closed-loop stimulation of the hypoglossal nerve in human patients to treat obstructive sleep apnea
US6240316B1 (en) * 1998-08-14 2001-05-29 Advanced Bionics Corporation Implantable microstimulation system for treatment of sleep apnea
US6275737B1 (en) * 1998-10-14 2001-08-14 Advanced Bionics Corporation Transcutaneous transmission pouch
US6393325B1 (en) * 1999-01-07 2002-05-21 Advanced Bionics Corporation Directional programming for implantable electrode arrays
US6636767B1 (en) 1999-09-29 2003-10-21 Restore Medical, Inc. Implanatable stimulation device for snoring treatment
US20070173893A1 (en) * 2000-10-20 2007-07-26 Pitts Walter C Method and apparatus for preventing obstructive sleep apnea
US7519421B2 (en) * 2001-01-16 2009-04-14 Kenergy, Inc. Vagal nerve stimulation using vascular implanted devices for treatment of atrial fibrillation
US6788975B1 (en) * 2001-01-30 2004-09-07 Advanced Bionics Corporation Fully implantable miniature neurostimulator for stimulation as a therapy for epilepsy
US6625494B2 (en) * 2001-03-30 2003-09-23 Neurocontrol Corporation Systems and methods for performing prosthetic or therapeutic neuromuscular stimulation using a universal external controller providing different selectable neuromuscular stimulation functions
ES2554762T3 (en) * 2002-06-28 2015-12-23 Boston Scientific Neuromodulation Corporation Microstimulator that has autonomous power supply and directional telemetry system
US7277749B2 (en) * 2003-01-15 2007-10-02 Alfred E. Mann Institute For Biomedical Engineering At The University Of Southern California Treatments for snoring using injectable neuromuscular stimulators
US8014878B2 (en) * 2005-04-28 2011-09-06 Second Sight Medical Products, Inc. Flexible circuit electrode array
CA2519771C (en) * 2003-04-02 2011-11-29 Neurostream Technologies Inc. Implantable nerve signal sensing and stimulation device for treating foot drop and other neurological disorders
WO2005011805A2 (en) * 2003-08-01 2005-02-10 Northstar Neuroscience, Inc. Apparatus and methods for applying neural stimulation to a patient
US7680537B2 (en) * 2003-08-18 2010-03-16 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Therapy triggered by prediction of disordered breathing
US7272443B2 (en) * 2004-03-26 2007-09-18 Pacesetter, Inc. System and method for predicting a heart condition based on impedance values using an implantable medical device
US8813753B2 (en) * 2004-09-21 2014-08-26 Medtronic Xomed, Inc. Implantable obstructive sleep apnea sensor
TWI246914B (en) * 2004-12-30 2006-01-11 Ind Tech Res Inst Flexible implantable electrical stimulator array
US7680538B2 (en) 2005-03-31 2010-03-16 Case Western Reserve University Method of treating obstructive sleep apnea using electrical nerve stimulation
US8644941B2 (en) * 2005-06-09 2014-02-04 Medtronic, Inc. Peripheral nerve field stimulation and spinal cord stimulation
KR100683790B1 (en) * 2005-07-12 2007-02-15 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 Proton conductive composite membrane using inorganic conductor and method of producing the same
CA2641821C (en) 2006-02-16 2017-10-10 Imthera Medical, Inc. An rfid-based apparatus, system, and method for therapeutic treatment of a patient
US7909038B2 (en) * 2006-04-20 2011-03-22 Pavad Medical, Inc. Tongue stabilization device and methods of using the same
US20080021506A1 (en) * 2006-05-09 2008-01-24 Massachusetts General Hospital Method and device for the electrical treatment of sleep apnea and snoring
US7996088B2 (en) * 2006-07-26 2011-08-09 Cyberonics, Inc. Vagus nerve stimulation by electrical signals for controlling cerebellar tremor
US7680536B2 (en) * 2006-08-17 2010-03-16 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Capture threshold estimation for alternate pacing vectors
US8160696B2 (en) * 2008-10-03 2012-04-17 Lockheed Martin Corporation Nerve stimulator and method using simultaneous electrical and optical signals
US20080132962A1 (en) * 2006-12-01 2008-06-05 Diubaldi Anthony System and method for affecting gatric functions
US7890178B2 (en) 2006-12-15 2011-02-15 Medtronic Xomed, Inc. Method and apparatus for assisting deglutition
EP2190532A1 (en) * 2007-07-31 2010-06-02 M. Bret Schneider Device and method for hypertension treatment by non-invasive stimulation to vascular baroreceptors
BRPI0920548B8 (en) * 2008-10-09 2021-06-22 Imthera Medical Inc device to control the position of a patient's tongue
US9227075B2 (en) * 2008-12-03 2016-01-05 Boston Scientific Neuromodulation Corporation External charger with adjustable alignment indicator
US20100191136A1 (en) * 2009-01-26 2010-07-29 Wolford Danette K System, pad and method for monitoring a sleeping person to detect an apnea state condition
WO2010101877A1 (en) * 2009-03-03 2010-09-10 Medtronic, Inc. Electrical stimulation therapy to promote gastric distention for obesity management
BR112012005719A2 (en) * 2009-09-14 2020-07-21 Sleep Methods system and method for training and promoting a conditioned stimulus intervention during sleep.
US8585617B2 (en) 2009-12-21 2013-11-19 Nyxoah SA Diagnosis and prediction of obstructive sleep apnea

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0663137B1 (en) * 1993-07-01 2002-10-02 The University Of Melbourne Cochlear implant devices
US20080103545A1 (en) * 2006-10-13 2008-05-01 Apnex Medical, Inc. Obstructive sleep apnea treatment devices, systems and methods
US20080103407A1 (en) * 2006-10-13 2008-05-01 Apnex Medical, Inc. Obstructive sleep apnea treatment devices, systems and methods
US20130123568A1 (en) * 2010-07-01 2013-05-16 Stimdesigns Llc Universal closed-loop electrical stimulation system

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2024088537A1 (en) * 2022-10-26 2024-05-02 Desmond Barry Keenan System and method for peripheral nerve stimulation

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP4218920A1 (en) 2023-08-02
CA2803485A1 (en) 2011-04-28
AU2010309433B2 (en) 2015-10-22
IL252231B (en) 2019-07-31
AU2010309433A1 (en) 2013-08-29
US10806926B2 (en) 2020-10-20
CA2803485C (en) 2022-08-23
US20110093036A1 (en) 2011-04-21
IL223774A (en) 2017-05-29
WO2011048590A1 (en) 2011-04-28
IL252231A0 (en) 2017-07-31
EP2558158A1 (en) 2013-02-20

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US20200406030A1 (en) Implantable electrical stimulator
US11478648B2 (en) Antenna and methods of use for an implantable nerve stimulator
US11351380B2 (en) Implantable stimulation power receiver, systems and methods
CN105873508B (en) Implantation material unit means of delivery
US7899541B2 (en) Systems and methods for implantable leadless gastrointestinal tissue stimulation
CA2641821C (en) An rfid-based apparatus, system, and method for therapeutic treatment of a patient
US20070100388A1 (en) Implantable medical device providing adaptive neurostimulation therapy for incontinence
AU2012201366B8 (en) An RFID based apparatus, system, and method for therapeutic treatment of a patient

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AS Assignment

Owner name: NYXOAH SA, BELGIUM

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:MASHIACH, ADI;REEL/FRAME:053791/0973

Effective date: 20091020

Owner name: MAN & SCIENCE SA, BELGIUM

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:NYXOAH SA;REEL/FRAME:053792/0065

Effective date: 20110830

STPP Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general

Free format text: APPLICATION DISPATCHED FROM PREEXAM, NOT YET DOCKETED

STPP Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general

Free format text: DOCKETED NEW CASE - READY FOR EXAMINATION

STPP Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general

Free format text: NON FINAL ACTION MAILED

STPP Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general

Free format text: RESPONSE TO NON-FINAL OFFICE ACTION ENTERED AND FORWARDED TO EXAMINER

STPP Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general

Free format text: FINAL REJECTION MAILED

STPP Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general

Free format text: DOCKETED NEW CASE - READY FOR EXAMINATION

STPP Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general

Free format text: NON FINAL ACTION MAILED

STPP Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general

Free format text: RESPONSE TO NON-FINAL OFFICE ACTION ENTERED AND FORWARDED TO EXAMINER

STPP Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general

Free format text: NON FINAL ACTION MAILED