US20200366463A1 - Apparatuses for Providing a Set of Cryptographically Protected, Filtered, and Sorted Transaction Data Records of a Link of a Blockchain - Google Patents

Apparatuses for Providing a Set of Cryptographically Protected, Filtered, and Sorted Transaction Data Records of a Link of a Blockchain Download PDF

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US20200366463A1
US20200366463A1 US16/639,870 US201816639870A US2020366463A1 US 20200366463 A1 US20200366463 A1 US 20200366463A1 US 201816639870 A US201816639870 A US 201816639870A US 2020366463 A1 US2020366463 A1 US 2020366463A1
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transaction
blockchain
block
datasets
search
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US16/639,870
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Rainer Falk
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Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
    • H04L9/06—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols the encryption apparatus using shift registers or memories for block-wise or stream coding, e.g. DES systems or RC4; Hash functions; Pseudorandom sequence generators
    • H04L9/0618—Block ciphers, i.e. encrypting groups of characters of a plain text message using fixed encryption transformation
    • H04L9/0637—Modes of operation, e.g. cipher block chaining [CBC], electronic codebook [ECB] or Galois/counter mode [GCM]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
    • H04L9/32—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system or for message authentication, e.g. authorization, entity authentication, data integrity or data verification, non-repudiation, key authentication or verification of credentials
    • H04L9/3236—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system or for message authentication, e.g. authorization, entity authentication, data integrity or data verification, non-repudiation, key authentication or verification of credentials using cryptographic hash functions
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F16/00—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor
    • G06F16/20—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor of structured data, e.g. relational data
    • G06F16/22—Indexing; Data structures therefor; Storage structures
    • G06F16/2228—Indexing structures
    • G06F16/2246—Trees, e.g. B+trees
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F16/00—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor
    • G06F16/20—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor of structured data, e.g. relational data
    • G06F16/23—Updating
    • G06F16/2365—Ensuring data consistency and integrity
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F16/00—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor
    • G06F16/20—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor of structured data, e.g. relational data
    • G06F16/23—Updating
    • G06F16/2379—Updates performed during online database operations; commit processing
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F16/00—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor
    • G06F16/20—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor of structured data, e.g. relational data
    • G06F16/28—Databases characterised by their database models, e.g. relational or object models
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F16/00—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor
    • G06F16/90—Details of database functions independent of the retrieved data types
    • G06F16/901—Indexing; Data structures therefor; Storage structures
    • G06F16/9027—Trees
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F21/00—Security arrangements for protecting computers, components thereof, programs or data against unauthorised activity
    • G06F21/60—Protecting data
    • G06F21/602—Providing cryptographic facilities or services
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F21/00—Security arrangements for protecting computers, components thereof, programs or data against unauthorised activity
    • G06F21/60—Protecting data
    • G06F21/62—Protecting access to data via a platform, e.g. using keys or access control rules
    • G06F21/6218—Protecting access to data via a platform, e.g. using keys or access control rules to a system of files or objects, e.g. local or distributed file system or database
    • G06F21/6227—Protecting access to data via a platform, e.g. using keys or access control rules to a system of files or objects, e.g. local or distributed file system or database where protection concerns the structure of data, e.g. records, types, queries
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F7/00—Methods or arrangements for processing data by operating upon the order or content of the data handled
    • G06F7/06—Arrangements for sorting, selecting, merging, or comparing data on individual record carriers
    • G06F7/08—Sorting, i.e. grouping record carriers in numerical or other ordered sequence according to the classification of at least some of the information they carry
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
    • H04L9/06—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols the encryption apparatus using shift registers or memories for block-wise or stream coding, e.g. DES systems or RC4; Hash functions; Pseudorandom sequence generators
    • H04L9/0643—Hash functions, e.g. MD5, SHA, HMAC or f9 MAC
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
    • H04L9/32—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system or for message authentication, e.g. authorization, entity authentication, data integrity or data verification, non-repudiation, key authentication or verification of credentials
    • H04L9/3236—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system or for message authentication, e.g. authorization, entity authentication, data integrity or data verification, non-repudiation, key authentication or verification of credentials using cryptographic hash functions
    • H04L9/3239—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system or for message authentication, e.g. authorization, entity authentication, data integrity or data verification, non-repudiation, key authentication or verification of credentials using cryptographic hash functions involving non-keyed hash functions, e.g. modification detection codes [MDCs], MD5, SHA or RIPEMD
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L2209/00—Additional information or applications relating to cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communication H04L9/00
    • H04L2209/30—Compression, e.g. Merkle-Damgard construction
    • H04L2209/38—
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L2209/00—Additional information or applications relating to cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communication H04L9/00
    • H04L2209/80—Wireless
    • H04L2209/805—Lightweight hardware, e.g. radio-frequency identification [RFID] or sensor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
    • H04L9/50—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols using hash chains, e.g. blockchains or hash trees

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to blockchain technology.
  • Various embodiments include devices for providing a set of cryptographically protected and filtered and sorted transaction datasets of a block of a blockchain, methods for forming a set of sorted transaction datasets, communication network arrangements, and associated computer program products.
  • FIG. 1 shows one example of such a blockchain.
  • a blockchain is generally understood to mean a database whose integrity (security against subsequent manipulation) is ensured by storing the one-way function value PH, also called hash value, of the preceding dataset or block B10 in the respective following block B11, that is to say by cryptographic chaining.
  • the protection is given by a multiplicity of trusted nodes BCN, illustrated by way of example in FIG. 3 , in a blockchain network N that performs what is known as mining or validation of blocks.
  • a new block for example B11 is formed at regular intervals, for example every 10 minutes, and in the process the hash value PH of an existing block is stored therewith.
  • a predefinable number, in the example 4 of transactions for example Tx0, Tx1, Tx2 and Tx3 are selected from a set M of transactions for example Tx0, Tx1, Tx2, Tx3, Tx4, Tx5 and Tx6 and are appended in a hash tree in the form of leaves in any desired order, at best a syntactic order numbered from 0 to 3.
  • the use of a Merkle tree or Patricia tree is conventional for example as hash trees.
  • the root node TxR of such a hash tree is anchored in a block for example B11.
  • the blockchain platform Ethereum supports a freely programmable runtime environment, such that the program code of a blockchain may be created flexibly.
  • business logic is stored in the transaction dataset and thus in the blockchain or in a blockchain infrastructure node as program code.
  • the transaction to be executed is stored in a (chain) block of the blockchain.
  • teachings of the present disclosure provide methods and devices that allow efficient and improved processing of those transactions by the nodes that are relevant to the nodes.
  • some embodiments of the teachings here include a method for forming a set of cryptographically protected and semantically sorted transaction datasets of a blockchain from a set of unsorted transaction datasets, comprising the following steps:
  • search terms in the second block (B11) are arranged in a search tree (TT), wherein the search terms form the nodes of the search tree.
  • some embodiments include an access unit (G) comprising a filtering apparatus as described above, characterized in that the further search term is able to be defined by a device (IoT) or a plurality of devices (IoTC, FD1, FD2, FD3) of a group (AN) and/or is able to be subscribed to such that the transaction datasets assigned to the search term are subscribed to thereby, and only the blocks of the blockchain that contain the defined and/or subscribed-to transaction datasets are forwarded to the device or the plurality of devices.
  • IoT device
  • IoTC FD1, FD2, FD3
  • AN group
  • what is known as a publish-subscribe protocol is able to be applied in the network infrastructure (N), in which the filtering apparatus is designed to allow the one or more devices of the group to subscribe to and/or define search terms.
  • FIG. 1 shows an exemplary embodiment in the form of a blockchain according to the prior art
  • FIG. 4 shows a flowchart of a method incorporating teachings of the present disclosure.
  • the method may be performed in a computer-assisted manner.
  • the terms “perform”, “calculate”, “computer-assisted”, “compute”, “establish”, “generate”, “configure”, “reconstruct”, and the like preferably relate to operations and/or processes and/or processing steps that change and/or generate data and/or convert the data into other data, wherein the data may be represented or be present in particular in the form of physical variables, for example in the form of electrical impulses.
  • the expression “computer” should in particular be interpreted as broadly as possible in order in particular to cover all electronic devices having data processing properties.
  • Some embodiments include a filtering apparatus suitable for coupling to the provision means of the abovementioned device, characterized by determination means for determining a set of filtered transaction datasets from the set of integrity-checked and sorted transaction datasets of a blockchain using the filtering criterion.
  • a computer program (product) containing program commands for a network node processing a blockchain, in particular of the type mentioned at the outset, that is configured by way of the program commands that are suitable for executing the methods as described above.
  • the computer program product contains program commands for configuring a creation device, for example a 3 D printer, a computer system, and/or a manufacturing machine suitable for creating processors and/or devices, may additionally be provided.
  • the uses, devices and computer program (products) may be designed in accordance with the developments/embodiments of the abovementioned method and the developments/embodiments thereof.
  • FIG. 1 shows the blocks, for example a first block B10 and a second block B11, of a blockchain.
  • the blocks each comprise a plurality of transactions Tx0 to Tx3.
  • the hash value PH which is formed depending on the preceding block, may in particular be a cryptographic hash value that is able to be determined for example by way of SHA2-256, SHA2-384, SHA-3, BLAKE2.
  • nodes are depicted proceeding from the node containing H1, containing sub-terms such as for example locations “Vaterstetten”, “Poing” and “Aschheim”. These nodes also each contain a hash value that is not illustrated in FIG. 2 .
  • the transactions Tx2, Tx1, and Tx0, Tx3 are shown on the leaves of the Merkle tree, these reaching the Merkle tree at the positions shown therein by being semantically sorted from an unsorted set M (see FIG. 1 ) of transactions.
  • the hash tree HT for example Merkle tree, Patricia tree or the like
  • search term search term
  • the transactions of a “search term” are able to be checked efficiently.
  • a node BCN (see FIG. 3 ) may load and check the subregion of the tree HT that contains the transactions of this search term. As a result, it is easy to distinguish between different types of transaction.
  • a node that wishes to evaluate only particular types of transaction is able to process, in a targeted manner, that or those parts of the tree HT containing relevant transactions.
  • the topic or the search term in the example of FIG. 2 consists of the main term “eon” and further subordinate sub-terms “M-state” and “Poing” and finally with the transaction reference “Reduceinfeed”, with a full stop separation symbol between the terms.
  • Such a separation symbol could identify an edge between the nodes “eon” and the nodes “M-state” in the tree TT.
  • all of the edges of the tree TT could be marked with separation symbols.
  • the gateway G generates, from a message of a publish-subscribe protocol (for example XMPP, MQTT, AMQP, OPC UA PubSub) that is provided by a publisher and that is assigned to a topic, a blockchain transaction, the eway in the opposite direction, a transaction, which is dnet, and which is confirmed in a block that is validated, provide it as a PubSub message to subscribers (devices of a group) as a PubSub message that contains the search term of the blockchain transaction as topic.
  • a device (not illustrated) that filters the transactions by way of an integrated or (remote) coupled filtering apparatus may preferably be implemented in the gateway or else in one of the nodes BCN. The filtering may be performed using the publish-subscribe approach described above.
  • the topic (further search term) determines a filtering criterion using which the filtered transactions or transaction datasets are able to be provided and forwarded to devices, for example IoT, or other nodes BCN.
  • a topic may be defined and subscribed to by a device for example via a user interface and/or predefined by a device, for example FD3, as projection data (for example application field: Industry 4.0, system: substation, device x in the substation, region: state of Kunststoff, operator: Eon, etc.).
  • a transaction is assigned to a topic (for example by a (sorting) attribute).
  • a topic may in this case be structured hierarchically (topic tree), for example topic1.topic2.topic3 (also see above). Namespaces may for example be used as a topic in order accordingly to be able to use the group communication for a particular topic.
  • nodes that are deemed to be trusted are able to code information about the real world into a blockchain transaction and thus make information from the real world accessible to smart contracts in the blockchain (https://blog.ledger.co/hardware-oracles-bridging-the-real-world-to-the-blockchainca97c2fc3e6c#.lu511vbrd).
  • FIG. 4 shows a flowchart of an example method incorporating teachings of the present disclosure. Since a blockchain is a decentralized, distributed database, it is normally possible to communicate with one of the multiplicity of identical blockchain nodes, for example BCN in FIG. 3 .
  • the example method in this case comprises:
  • S01 forming one or more (second) block(s) of a blockchain that has been chained or is chained to a first block thereof or a further blockchain.
  • the first block may be a starting block and/or Genesis block (originating block).
  • B2 The method is repeated, starting with S01, up to a sufficient length of the blockchain or until a predefinable or predefined number of blocks are formed in the blockchain.
  • Computer-readable memories are for example volatile memories such as caches, buffers or RAMS, as well as non-volatile memories such as exchangeable data carriers, hard disks, etc.
  • the functions or steps described above may in this case be present in the form of at least one set of instructions in/on a computer-readable memory.
  • the functions or steps are in this case not linked to a particular set of instructions or to a particular form of sets of instructions or to a particular storage medium or to a particular processor or to a particular execution scheme, and may be implemented by software, firmware, microcode, hardware, processors, integrated circuits, etc. operating on their own or in any desired combination.
  • a wide variety of processing strategies may be used, for example series processing using a single processor or multiprocessing or multitasking or parallel processing, etc.
  • the instructions may be stored in local memories, but it is also possible to store the instructions on a remote system and to access them via a network.

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US16/639,870 2017-08-18 2018-06-11 Apparatuses for Providing a Set of Cryptographically Protected, Filtered, and Sorted Transaction Data Records of a Link of a Blockchain Abandoned US20200366463A1 (en)

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EP17186826.8A EP3444997A1 (de) 2017-08-18 2017-08-18 Vorrichtungen zum bereitstellen einer menge von kryptographisch geschützten und gefilterten sowie sortierten transaktionsdatensätzen eines gliedes einer blockkette
EP17186826.8 2017-08-18
PCT/EP2018/065299 WO2019034299A1 (de) 2017-08-18 2018-06-11 Vorrichtungen zum bereitstellen einer menge von kryptographisch geschützten und gefilterten sowie sortierten transaktionsdatensätzen eines gliedes einer blockkette

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US16/639,842 Active US11184151B2 (en) 2017-08-18 2018-07-09 Devices for providing a set of cryptographically secured and filtered and sorted transaction data sets of a block of a blockchain

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CN110999214A (zh) 2020-04-10
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EP3652656B1 (de) 2021-06-09
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US20200387622A1 (en) 2020-12-10
JP2020531975A (ja) 2020-11-05
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CN111201754A (zh) 2020-05-26
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