US20200287270A1 - Edge on foam tags - Google Patents
Edge on foam tags Download PDFInfo
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- US20200287270A1 US20200287270A1 US16/882,594 US202016882594A US2020287270A1 US 20200287270 A1 US20200287270 A1 US 20200287270A1 US 202016882594 A US202016882594 A US 202016882594A US 2020287270 A1 US2020287270 A1 US 2020287270A1
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- Prior art keywords
- rfid
- antenna structure
- inlay
- rfid inlay
- rfid antenna
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
- H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
- H01Q1/2208—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles associated with components used in interrogation type services, i.e. in systems for information exchange between an interrogator/reader and a tag/transponder, e.g. in Radio Frequency Identification [RFID] systems
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
- G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
- G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
- G06K19/067—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
- G06K19/07—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips
- G06K19/077—Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier
- G06K19/07749—Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier the record carrier being capable of non-contact communication, e.g. constructional details of the antenna of a non-contact smart card
- G06K19/07771—Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier the record carrier being capable of non-contact communication, e.g. constructional details of the antenna of a non-contact smart card the record carrier comprising means for minimising adverse effects on the data communication capability of the record carrier, e.g. minimising Eddy currents induced in a proximate metal or otherwise electromagnetically interfering object
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- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
- G08B13/00—Burglar, theft or intruder alarms
- G08B13/22—Electrical actuation
- G08B13/24—Electrical actuation by interference with electromagnetic field distribution
- G08B13/2402—Electronic Article Surveillance [EAS], i.e. systems using tags for detecting removal of a tagged item from a secure area, e.g. tags for detecting shoplifting
- G08B13/2428—Tag details
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
Definitions
- the present invention relates generally to a radio-frequency identification (RFID) antenna that is designed to operate in proximity to metal surfaces. Specifically, the antenna is positioned at 90 degrees to the surface, allowing the antenna to operate with minimal separation from the edge of the RFID antenna to the metallic object.
- RFID radio-frequency identification
- the present subject matter is especially suitable for food and medication containers.
- an RFID antenna is provided that is designed to operate in proximity to conductive surfaces, with the surfaces including high dielectric constant and high dielectric loss, such as some liquids, gels, solutions, and combinations of these surfaces and material. Particular relevance is found in connection with sealed food and medication containers. Accordingly, the present specification makes specific reference thereto. However, it is to be appreciated that aspects of the present inventive subject matter are also equally amenable to other like applications.
- Radio-frequency identification is the use of electromagnetic energy (“EM energy”) to stimulate a responsive device (known as an RFID “tag” or transponder) to identify itself and in some cases, provide additionally stored data.
- RFID tags typically include a semiconductor device commonly called the “chip” on which are formed a memory and operating circuitry, which is connected to an antenna.
- RFID tags act as transponders, providing information stored in the chip memory in response to a radio frequency (“RF”) interrogation signal received from a reader, also referred to as an interrogator.
- RF radio frequency
- the energy of the interrogation signal also provides the necessary energy to operate the RFID device.
- RFID tags may be incorporated into or attached to articles to be tracked.
- the tag may be attached to the outside of an article with adhesive, tape, or other means and in other cases, the tag may be inserted within the article, such as being included in the packaging, located within the container of the article, or sewn into a garment.
- the RFID tags are manufactured with a unique identification number which is typically a simple serial number of a few bytes with a check digit attached. This identification number is incorporated into the tag during manufacture. The user typically cannot alter this serial/identification number and manufacturers guarantee that each serial number is used only once. This configuration represents the low cost end of the technology in that the RFID tag is read-only and it responds to an interrogation signal only with its identification number.
- the tag continuously responds with its identification number. Data transmission to the tag is not possible.
- These tags are very low cost and are produced in enormous quantities.
- Such read-only RFID tags typically are permanently attached to an article to be tracked and, once attached, the serial number of the tag is associated with its host article in a computer data base.
- the RFID tag data both a unique ID and data stored in a read/write memory, may also be associated in a database with a host article, but not always.
- the tag may store data read from a bar code, or the item identification, its manufacturing date etc. and have no association with a database or requirement to access one.
- Read only tags those that respond with a pre-programmed code when powered up at a regular or pseudo random interval, are no longer commonly used.
- tags now incorporate chips that include both read only memory, that usually contains configuration bits, manufacturers ID, chip model number and a unique ID ranging between 2 and 9 bytes in length, and read write memory commonly between 12 and 16 bytes, although larger memories may be used.
- the unique ID is used in combination with the manufacturers ID and chip model number (two different chip manufacturers could use the same unique ID).
- an object of the tag is to associate it with an article throughout the article's life (the tag may be applied at any point in the supply chain, not necessarily for the articles life) in a particular facility, such as a manufacturing facility, a transport vehicle, a health care facility, a pharmacy storage area, or other environment, so that the article may be located, identified, and tracked, as it is moved. Tracking the articles through the facility can assist in generating more efficient dispensing and inventory control systems as well as improving work flow in a facility. This results in better inventory control and lowered costs. In the case of medical supplies and devices, it is desirable to develop accurate tracking, inventory control systems, and dispensing systems so that RFID tagged devices and articles may be located quickly should the need arise, and may be identified for other purposes, such as expiration dates or recalls.
- RFID tags used today are passive in that they do not have a battery or other autonomous power supply and instead, must rely on the interrogating energy provided by an RFID reader to provide power to activate the tag.
- Passive RFID tags require an electromagnetic field of energy of a certain frequency range and certain minimum intensity in order to achieve activation of the tag and transmission of its stored data.
- Another choice is an active RFID tag; however, such tags require an accompanying battery to provide power to activate the tag, thus increasing the expense and the size of the tag and making them undesirable for use in a large number of applications.
- tags may need to be read from a short distance or a long distance by an RFID reader.
- the read range i.e., the range of the interrogation and/or response signals
- an RFID tag may have difficulties in being read.
- reading a tag is problematic, such as where the space between a dipole and its image is small reducing the space creates difficulty in reading the tag, such as where the space is very small (less than one wavelength), then the total effective current between the dipole and its image is equal to zero or near zero.
- the spacing between the antenna and the metal plane decreases the efficiency of the antenna reduces and it becomes difficult to achieve an impedance match to a device such as an RFID chip over a useful bandwidth. The issues become more apparent when the spacing is ⁇ 1% of one wavelength; these problems can be mitigated to some extent by using a separator between the antenna and plane.
- a high dielectric constant material may be used, or a material with both a high dielectric constant and high relative permeability, to increase the effective separation.
- materials are expensive, and not suitable for RFID tags, where lower cost materials, such as papers/card, simple plastics such as PET and polypropylene foams are more desirable; all of these have relatively low dielectric constants.
- the total radiated field is negligible and therefore, the RFID tag is unable to capture data and power from the reader.
- This is a significant problem given that in many commercial applications it is desirable to apply the RFID tag to a metal or other type of conductive surface. What is needed therefore is an RFID tag device and/or system that allows the RFID tag to operate in proximity to metal surfaces or other types of conductive surfaces.
- the present invention discloses an RFID antenna structure that is designed to operate in proximity to metal surfaces.
- the RFID antenna structure is placed at 90 degrees to the surface of the metallic object, allowing it to operate with minimal separation from the edge of the RFID antenna structure to the metallic object.
- the subject matter disclosed and claimed herein in one aspect thereof, comprises an RFID antenna structure that is designed to operate in proximity to metal surfaces.
- the RFID antenna structure is placed at 90 degrees to the surface of the metallic object, allowing it to operate with minimal separation from the edge of the RFID antenna structure to the metallic object.
- the RFID antenna structures may be thin and formed into a number of shapes depending on the form factor used.
- the RFID antenna structure can be linear and incorporated into a protective plastic layer by extrusion, wrapped in a number of shapes, wrapped around a form and placed in a cavity, or incorporated into a structure by injection molding.
- the container comprises an anti-tamper (or tamper evident) embodiment wherein the RFID tag device is applied to twist and flip-top cap containers, wherein tearing along the perforations on the cap disables the RFID tag device.
- FIG. 1 illustrates a top perspective view of the RFID antenna structure in accordance with the disclosed architecture
- FIG. 2 illustrates a top perspective view of the RFID antenna structure on a metallic object in accordance with the disclosed architecture
- FIG. 3 illustrates a graph of the RFID antenna performance on both a metal surface and a non-metal surface in accordance with the disclosed architecture
- FIG. 4 illustrates a top perspective view of the RFID antenna structure within a lid of a container in accordance with the disclosed architecture
- FIG. 5 illustrates a top perspective view of the RFID antenna structure within a larger lid of a container in accordance with the disclosed architecture
- FIG. 6 illustrates a graph of the RFID antenna performance edge on to a foil sealing disk in accordance with the disclosed architecture
- FIG. 7A illustrates a top perspective view of the RFID antenna structure made by flat roll to roll lamination in accordance with the disclosed architecture
- FIG. 7B illustrates a side perspective view of the RFID antenna structure in accordance with the disclosed architecture
- FIG. 8 illustrates a top perspective view of the RFID antenna structure wrapped around a shape in accordance with the disclosed architecture
- FIG. 9 illustrates a top perspective view of the RFID antenna structure extruded inside a plastic strip in accordance with the disclosed architecture
- FIG. 10 illustrates a front perspective view of the RFID antenna structure wound helically around a narrower former in accordance with the disclosed architecture
- FIG. 11 illustrates a front perspective view of the RFID antenna structure formed into a flat spiral in accordance with the disclosed architecture
- FIG. 12A illustrates a front perspective of the RFID antenna structure attached to a metal surface in accordance with the disclosed architecture
- FIG. 12B illustrates a front perspective of another embodiment of the RFID antenna structure attached to a metal surface in accordance with the disclosed architecture
- FIG. 13A illustrates a front view of a label positioned on a twist cap container with the RFID inlay over the container in accordance with the disclosed architecture
- FIG. 13B illustrates a front view of the label and inlay being torn along the perforations in accordance with the disclosed architecture
- FIG. 13C illustrates a front view of the label with reduced adhesion in accordance with the disclosed architecture
- FIG. 14A illustrates a front view of a label positioned on a flip-top cap container with the RFID inlay over both the cap and the container in accordance with the disclosed architecture
- FIG. 14B illustrates a front view of the label and inlay being torn along the perforations in accordance with the disclosed architecture
- FIG. 15A illustrates a front view of a label positioned on a flip-top cap container with the RFID inlay over the container in accordance with the disclosed architecture
- FIG. 15B illustrates a front view of the label and inlay being torn along the perforations in accordance with the disclosed architecture
- FIG. 15C illustrates a front view of the label with reduced adhesion in accordance with the disclosed architecture.
- the present invention discloses an RFID antenna structure that is designed to operate in proximity to metal surfaces.
- the RFID antenna structure is placed at 90 degrees to the surface of the metallic object, allowing it to operate with minimal separation from the edge of the RFID antenna structure to the metallic object.
- the RFID antenna structures may be thin and formed into a number of shapes depending on the form factor used.
- the RFID antenna structure can be linear and incorporated into a protective plastic layer by extrusion, wrapped in a number of shapes, wrapped around a form and placed in a cavity, or incorporated into a structure by injection molding.
- FIG. 1 illustrates the RFID antenna structure 100 that is designed to operate in proximity to metal surfaces.
- the RFID antenna structure 100 is placed at 90 degrees (or any other suitable distance) to the surface of the metallic object, allowing it to operate with minimal separation from the edge 102 of the RFID antenna structure 100 to the metallic object.
- the RFID antenna structure 100 can comprise any suitable antenna as is known in the art, such as, but not limited to, a dipole antenna.
- the RFID antenna structure 100 is formed from an RFID inlay that can be adhered to a material such as paper, plastic, or foam, such as, but not limited to, an Avery Dennison 160u7 inlay.
- the RFID inlay comprises an RFID chip and aluminum, copper or silver antenna bonded to a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) layer or other suitable layer as is known in the art.
- PET polyethylene terephthalate
- the RFID inlay can then be adhered to the back side of a label or other suitable material and printed and encoded in an RFID printer.
- the RFID antenna structure 100 can be any suitable size, shape, and configuration as is known in the art without affecting the overall concept of the invention.
- shape and size of the antenna structure 100 as shown in FIG. 1 is for illustrative purposes only and many other shapes and sizes of the antenna structure 100 are well within the scope of the present disclosure.
- dimensions of the antenna structure 100 i.e., length, width, and height
- the antenna structure 100 may be any shape or size that ensures optimal performance and sensitivity during use.
- the RFID antenna structure 100 is shown on a metallic object 200 .
- the RFID antenna structure 100 is placed at 90 degrees to the surface of the metallic object 200 , allowing it to operate with minimal separation from the edge 202 of the RFID antenna structure 100 to the metallic object 200 .
- FIG. 3 there is illustrated a graph of the performance of the RFID antenna structure on both a metal surface and a non-metal surface.
- the RFID antenna structure 100 in use with medication container.
- the RFID antenna structure 100 is formed into a circle and positioned within the interior of the lid 400 of the medication container. Specifically, the RFID antenna structure 100 is positioned against the threads 402 of the lid 400 . Thus, once the lid 400 is screwed on the container, the edge 202 would contact the metal foil sealing disk of the container creating an edge on to the metallic surface.
- the RFID antenna structure 100 comprises a biaxially polypropylene (BOPP) face and a permanent adhesive to secure the RFID antenna structure 100 in the lid 400 , however any other suitable materials can be used as is known in the art.
- BOPP biaxially polypropylene
- FIG. 5 illustrates the RFID antenna structure 100 positioned in the same orientation but within a larger lid 500 of a medication container. Further, the action of the lid threads 402 engaging when the lid 500 is screwed on does not destroy the RFID antenna structure 100 , and even after multiple tries, as well as over-tightening the lids 400 and 500 , the RFID antenna structure 100 still functions. With reference now to FIG. 6 , there is illustrated a graph of the performance of the RFID antenna structure edge on to a foil sealing disk.
- FIG. 7A discloses the RFID antenna structure 700 configured as an RFID inlay 702 sandwiched between two sheets of material 704 , such as paper, plastic, or foam. Specifically, the material is typically laminated around the material 704 and then cut into shapes, such as circles, rectangles, hexagons, triangles, etc., or any other suitable shape as is known in the art. When mounted on a metal surface so that the edge 706 of the RFID inlay 702 is in proximity to the metal surface, good performance is achieved.
- FIG. 7B discloses a side view of the RFID antenna structure 700 .
- the RFID inlay 702 is shown sandwiched between two layers of material 704 (i.e., paper, plastic, or foam).
- material 704 i.e., paper, plastic, or foam.
- the RFID inlay 702 is capable of operating on metal surfaces when made by flat roll to roll lamination and slitting or die cutting, or any other suitable method as is known in the art.
- FIG. 8 discloses the RFID antenna structure 800 configured as an RFID inlay 802 which is wrapped around a round object 804 , such as a plastic disk or any other suitable shape as is known in the art. If the disk has a hole, then the RFID inlay 802 can be wrapped around an internal surface of the disk, such as a thread or other area. The RFID inlay 802 in either configuration is then placed in edge on proximity to a metal surface 806 , such as a foil disk used to seal a medicine container, or any other suitable metal surface as is known in the art.
- a metal surface 806 such as a foil disk used to seal a medicine container, or any other suitable metal surface as is known in the art.
- FIG. 9 the RFID antenna structure 900 is shown extruded inside a plastic strip 904 .
- FIG. 9 discloses the RFID inlay 902 extruded into a plastic strip 904 , wherein the RFID inlay 902 is positioned down the center of the extrusion.
- FIG. 9 shows a triangular cross-section, but alternate multi-sided shapes can be used as well, as is known in the art.
- the RFID inlay 902 is then placed on its edge 906 proximate to any suitable metal surface as is known in the art.
- the RFID antenna structure 1000 is disclosed as being wound helically around a narrower former.
- the RFID inlay 1002 is wound helically around a narrower plastic former 1004 .
- This plastic former 1004 can include a hole 1006 to allow the structure 1000 to be fixed by a bolt or screw to a surface, or any other attachment means as is known in the art.
- the RFID inlay 1002 is then able to be mounted such that the edge of the
- RFID inlay 1002 is in proximity to the metal surface.
- the RFID antenna structure 1100 is disclosed as being formed into a flat spiral.
- the RFID inlay 1102 is wound into a flat edge spiral that can be attached to a metal surface 1106 .
- the RFID inlay 1102 in the shape of a spiral can be placed edge on a metal surface 1106 to achieve good performance of the antenna structure 1100 .
- the RFID antenna structure 1200 is shown as being attached to a metal surface in different mounting orientations.
- the figures show an RFID inlay 1202 embedded within a plastic material 1204 , or any other suitable material.
- the embedded RFID inlay 1202 has two mounting surfaces that can be attached to a metal surface 1206 .
- the tuning and other properties of the RFID antenna structure 1200 can be changed.
- other structures such as a hexagonal cross-sectional structure, allow multiple mounting orientations which can give different tuning states.
- the RFID antenna structure 1300 is applied to twist cap containers 1302 as a tamper evident device. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 13A , a label 1304 is positioned over a twist cap 1306 and over the container (or bottle) 1302 neck with an RFID inlay 1308 positioned only over the container (or bottle) 1302 . A perforation strip 1310 is engineered over the label 1304 and the RFID inlay 1308 .
- Twisting of the cap 1306 to expose the container 1302 opening propagates the tearing in and along the weakened path (i.e., perforation strip 1310 ) across and down through the label 1304 and inlay 1308 on the container 1302 , disabling the inlay 1308 (as shown in FIG. 13B ).
- the RFID inlay 1308 is disabled when the cap 1306 is twisted off (i.e., the bottle is opened).
- the perforation strip 1310 can be any engineered path that propagates a tear along a predetermined path, such that the predetermined path may be defined as any designed/engineered weakening in the label/inlay construction.
- the weakening is by perforation or scoring of certain layers in the label/inlay construction.
- the label 1304 comprises no or a reduced adhesion in certain areas 1312 . These areas 1312 of little or no adhesive facilitate ease of separation of the perforated path through the label 1304 and inlay 1308 .
- the RFID antenna structure 1400 is applied to fliptop cap containers 1402 as a tamper evident device.
- a label 1404 is positioned over a flip-top cap 1406 and over the container (or bottle) 1402 neck with an RFID inlay 1408 positioned over the flip-top can 1406 and over the container (or bottle) 1402 as well.
- a perforation strip 1410 is engineered over the label 1404 and the RFID inlay 1408 .
- the perforation strip 1410 can be any engineered path that propagates a tear along a predetermined path, such that the predetermined path may be defined as any designed/engineered weakening in the label/inlay construction.
- the weakening is by perforation or scoring of certain layers in the label/inlay construction.
- the RFID antenna structure 1500 is applied to fliptop cap containers 1502 as a tamper evident device.
- a label 1504 is positioned over a flip-top cap 1506 and over the container (or bottle) 1502 neck with an RFID inlay 1508 positioned only over the container (or bottle) 1502 .
- a perforation strip 1510 is engineered over the label 1504 and the RFID inlay 1508 .
- the perforation strip 1510 can be any engineered path that propagates a tear along a predetermined path, such that the predetermined path may be defined as any designed/engineered weakening in the label/inlay construction.
- the weakening is by perforation or scoring of certain layers in the label/inlay construction.
- the label 1504 comprises no or a reduced adhesion in certain areas 1512 . These areas 1512 of little or no adhesive facilitate ease of separation of the perforated path through the label 1504 and inlay 1508 .
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Abstract
An RFID antenna structure is disclosed that is designed to operate in proximity to metal surfaces. The RFID antenna structure is placed at 90 degrees to the surface of the metallic object, allowing it to operate with minimal separation from the edge of the RFID antenna structure to the metallic object. In another embodiment, the RFID antenna structure comprises an anti-tamper embodiment wherein a RFID tag device is applied to twist and flip-top cap containers, such that tearing along the perforations on the cap disables the RFID tag device.
Description
- The present application is a division of U.S. utility patent application Ser. No. 14/565,726 filed Dec. 10, 2014 which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
- The present invention relates generally to a radio-frequency identification (RFID) antenna that is designed to operate in proximity to metal surfaces. Specifically, the antenna is positioned at 90 degrees to the surface, allowing the antenna to operate with minimal separation from the edge of the RFID antenna to the metallic object. The present subject matter is especially suitable for food and medication containers. In accordance with embodiments of the present subject matter, an RFID antenna is provided that is designed to operate in proximity to conductive surfaces, with the surfaces including high dielectric constant and high dielectric loss, such as some liquids, gels, solutions, and combinations of these surfaces and material. Particular relevance is found in connection with sealed food and medication containers. Accordingly, the present specification makes specific reference thereto. However, it is to be appreciated that aspects of the present inventive subject matter are also equally amenable to other like applications.
- Radio-frequency identification (“RFID”) is the use of electromagnetic energy (“EM energy”) to stimulate a responsive device (known as an RFID “tag” or transponder) to identify itself and in some cases, provide additionally stored data. RFID tags typically include a semiconductor device commonly called the “chip” on which are formed a memory and operating circuitry, which is connected to an antenna. Typically, RFID tags act as transponders, providing information stored in the chip memory in response to a radio frequency (“RF”) interrogation signal received from a reader, also referred to as an interrogator. In the case of passive RFID devices, the energy of the interrogation signal also provides the necessary energy to operate the RFID device.
- RFID tags may be incorporated into or attached to articles to be tracked. In some cases, the tag may be attached to the outside of an article with adhesive, tape, or other means and in other cases, the tag may be inserted within the article, such as being included in the packaging, located within the container of the article, or sewn into a garment. The RFID tags are manufactured with a unique identification number which is typically a simple serial number of a few bytes with a check digit attached. This identification number is incorporated into the tag during manufacture. The user typically cannot alter this serial/identification number and manufacturers guarantee that each serial number is used only once. This configuration represents the low cost end of the technology in that the RFID tag is read-only and it responds to an interrogation signal only with its identification number. Typically, the tag continuously responds with its identification number. Data transmission to the tag is not possible. These tags are very low cost and are produced in enormous quantities. Such read-only RFID tags typically are permanently attached to an article to be tracked and, once attached, the serial number of the tag is associated with its host article in a computer data base. The RFID tag data, both a unique ID and data stored in a read/write memory, may also be associated in a database with a host article, but not always. The tag may store data read from a bar code, or the item identification, its manufacturing date etc. and have no association with a database or requirement to access one.
- Read only tags, those that respond with a pre-programmed code when powered up at a regular or pseudo random interval, are no longer commonly used.
- Most tags now incorporate chips that include both read only memory, that usually contains configuration bits, manufacturers ID, chip model number and a unique ID ranging between 2 and 9 bytes in length, and read write memory commonly between 12 and 16 bytes, although larger memories may be used. The unique ID is used in combination with the manufacturers ID and chip model number (two different chip manufacturers could use the same unique ID).
- Specifically, an object of the tag is to associate it with an article throughout the article's life (the tag may be applied at any point in the supply chain, not necessarily for the articles life) in a particular facility, such as a manufacturing facility, a transport vehicle, a health care facility, a pharmacy storage area, or other environment, so that the article may be located, identified, and tracked, as it is moved. Tracking the articles through the facility can assist in generating more efficient dispensing and inventory control systems as well as improving work flow in a facility. This results in better inventory control and lowered costs. In the case of medical supplies and devices, it is desirable to develop accurate tracking, inventory control systems, and dispensing systems so that RFID tagged devices and articles may be located quickly should the need arise, and may be identified for other purposes, such as expiration dates or recalls.
- Many RFID tags used today are passive in that they do not have a battery or other autonomous power supply and instead, must rely on the interrogating energy provided by an RFID reader to provide power to activate the tag. Passive RFID tags require an electromagnetic field of energy of a certain frequency range and certain minimum intensity in order to achieve activation of the tag and transmission of its stored data. Another choice is an active RFID tag; however, such tags require an accompanying battery to provide power to activate the tag, thus increasing the expense and the size of the tag and making them undesirable for use in a large number of applications.
- Depending on the requirements of the RFID tag application, such as the physical size of the articles to be identified, their location, and the ability to reach them easily, tags may need to be read from a short distance or a long distance by an RFID reader. Furthermore, the read range (i.e., the range of the interrogation and/or response signals) of RFID tags is also limited.
- Furthermore, when the RFID tags are attached to a conductive surface, an RFID tag may have difficulties in being read. In those situations where reading a tag is problematic, such as where the space between a dipole and its image is small reducing the space creates difficulty in reading the tag, such as where the space is very small (less than one wavelength), then the total effective current between the dipole and its image is equal to zero or near zero. As the spacing between the antenna and the metal plane decreases the efficiency of the antenna reduces and it becomes difficult to achieve an impedance match to a device such as an RFID chip over a useful bandwidth. The issues become more apparent when the spacing is ˜<1% of one wavelength; these problems can be mitigated to some extent by using a separator between the antenna and plane. For example, a high dielectric constant material may be used, or a material with both a high dielectric constant and high relative permeability, to increase the effective separation. However, such materials are expensive, and not suitable for RFID tags, where lower cost materials, such as papers/card, simple plastics such as PET and polypropylene foams are more desirable; all of these have relatively low dielectric constants.
- Thus, the total radiated field is negligible and therefore, the RFID tag is unable to capture data and power from the reader. This is a significant problem given that in many commercial applications it is desirable to apply the RFID tag to a metal or other type of conductive surface. What is needed therefore is an RFID tag device and/or system that allows the RFID tag to operate in proximity to metal surfaces or other types of conductive surfaces.
- The present invention discloses an RFID antenna structure that is designed to operate in proximity to metal surfaces. The RFID antenna structure is placed at 90 degrees to the surface of the metallic object, allowing it to operate with minimal separation from the edge of the RFID antenna structure to the metallic object.
- The following presents a simplified summary in order to provide a basic understanding of some aspects of the disclosed innovation. This summary is not an extensive overview, and it is not intended to identify key/critical elements or to delineate the scope thereof. Its sole purpose is to present some concepts in a simplified form as a prelude to the more detailed description that is presented later.
- The subject matter disclosed and claimed herein, in one aspect thereof, comprises an RFID antenna structure that is designed to operate in proximity to metal surfaces. The RFID antenna structure is placed at 90 degrees to the surface of the metallic object, allowing it to operate with minimal separation from the edge of the RFID antenna structure to the metallic object.
- In a preferred embodiment, the RFID antenna structures may be thin and formed into a number of shapes depending on the form factor used. Specifically, the RFID antenna structure can be linear and incorporated into a protective plastic layer by extrusion, wrapped in a number of shapes, wrapped around a form and placed in a cavity, or incorporated into a structure by injection molding. In another embodiment, the container comprises an anti-tamper (or tamper evident) embodiment wherein the RFID tag device is applied to twist and flip-top cap containers, wherein tearing along the perforations on the cap disables the RFID tag device.
- To the accomplishment of the foregoing and related ends, certain illustrative aspects of the disclosed innovation are described herein in connection with the following description and the annexed drawings. These aspects are indicative, however, of but a few of the various ways in which the principles disclosed herein can be employed and is intended to include all such aspects and their equivalents. Other advantages and novel features will become apparent from the following detailed description when considered in conjunction with the drawings.
- These, as well as other objects and advantages of this invention, will be more completely understood and appreciated by referring to the following more detailed description of the presently preferred exemplary embodiments of the invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, of which:
-
FIG. 1 illustrates a top perspective view of the RFID antenna structure in accordance with the disclosed architecture; -
FIG. 2 illustrates a top perspective view of the RFID antenna structure on a metallic object in accordance with the disclosed architecture; -
FIG. 3 illustrates a graph of the RFID antenna performance on both a metal surface and a non-metal surface in accordance with the disclosed architecture; -
FIG. 4 illustrates a top perspective view of the RFID antenna structure within a lid of a container in accordance with the disclosed architecture; -
FIG. 5 illustrates a top perspective view of the RFID antenna structure within a larger lid of a container in accordance with the disclosed architecture; -
FIG. 6 illustrates a graph of the RFID antenna performance edge on to a foil sealing disk in accordance with the disclosed architecture; -
FIG. 7A illustrates a top perspective view of the RFID antenna structure made by flat roll to roll lamination in accordance with the disclosed architecture; -
FIG. 7B illustrates a side perspective view of the RFID antenna structure in accordance with the disclosed architecture; -
FIG. 8 illustrates a top perspective view of the RFID antenna structure wrapped around a shape in accordance with the disclosed architecture; -
FIG. 9 illustrates a top perspective view of the RFID antenna structure extruded inside a plastic strip in accordance with the disclosed architecture; -
FIG. 10 illustrates a front perspective view of the RFID antenna structure wound helically around a narrower former in accordance with the disclosed architecture; -
FIG. 11 illustrates a front perspective view of the RFID antenna structure formed into a flat spiral in accordance with the disclosed architecture; -
FIG. 12A illustrates a front perspective of the RFID antenna structure attached to a metal surface in accordance with the disclosed architecture; -
FIG. 12B illustrates a front perspective of another embodiment of the RFID antenna structure attached to a metal surface in accordance with the disclosed architecture; -
FIG. 13A illustrates a front view of a label positioned on a twist cap container with the RFID inlay over the container in accordance with the disclosed architecture; -
FIG. 13B illustrates a front view of the label and inlay being torn along the perforations in accordance with the disclosed architecture; -
FIG. 13C illustrates a front view of the label with reduced adhesion in accordance with the disclosed architecture; -
FIG. 14A illustrates a front view of a label positioned on a flip-top cap container with the RFID inlay over both the cap and the container in accordance with the disclosed architecture; -
FIG. 14B illustrates a front view of the label and inlay being torn along the perforations in accordance with the disclosed architecture; -
FIG. 15A illustrates a front view of a label positioned on a flip-top cap container with the RFID inlay over the container in accordance with the disclosed architecture; -
FIG. 15B illustrates a front view of the label and inlay being torn along the perforations in accordance with the disclosed architecture; and -
FIG. 15C illustrates a front view of the label with reduced adhesion in accordance with the disclosed architecture. - The innovation is now described with reference to the drawings, wherein like reference numerals are used to refer to like elements throughout. In the following description, for purposes of explanation, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding thereof. It may be evident, however, that the innovation can be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known structures and devices are shown in block diagram form in order to facilitate a description thereof.
- The present invention discloses an RFID antenna structure that is designed to operate in proximity to metal surfaces. The RFID antenna structure is placed at 90 degrees to the surface of the metallic object, allowing it to operate with minimal separation from the edge of the RFID antenna structure to the metallic object. Furthermore, the RFID antenna structures may be thin and formed into a number of shapes depending on the form factor used. Specifically, the RFID antenna structure can be linear and incorporated into a protective plastic layer by extrusion, wrapped in a number of shapes, wrapped around a form and placed in a cavity, or incorporated into a structure by injection molding.
- Referring initially to the drawings,
FIG. 1 illustrates theRFID antenna structure 100 that is designed to operate in proximity to metal surfaces. TheRFID antenna structure 100 is placed at 90 degrees (or any other suitable distance) to the surface of the metallic object, allowing it to operate with minimal separation from theedge 102 of theRFID antenna structure 100 to the metallic object. TheRFID antenna structure 100 can comprise any suitable antenna as is known in the art, such as, but not limited to, a dipole antenna. Specifically, theRFID antenna structure 100 is formed from an RFID inlay that can be adhered to a material such as paper, plastic, or foam, such as, but not limited to, an Avery Dennison 160u7 inlay. The RFID inlay comprises an RFID chip and aluminum, copper or silver antenna bonded to a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) layer or other suitable layer as is known in the art. The RFID inlay can then be adhered to the back side of a label or other suitable material and printed and encoded in an RFID printer. - The
RFID antenna structure 100 can be any suitable size, shape, and configuration as is known in the art without affecting the overall concept of the invention. One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the shape and size of theantenna structure 100 as shown inFIG. 1 is for illustrative purposes only and many other shapes and sizes of theantenna structure 100 are well within the scope of the present disclosure. Although dimensions of the antenna structure 100 (i.e., length, width, and height) are important design parameters for good performance, theantenna structure 100 may be any shape or size that ensures optimal performance and sensitivity during use. - As illustrated in
FIG. 2 , theRFID antenna structure 100 is shown on ametallic object 200. TheRFID antenna structure 100 is placed at 90 degrees to the surface of themetallic object 200, allowing it to operate with minimal separation from theedge 202 of theRFID antenna structure 100 to themetallic object 200. With reference now toFIG. 3 , there is illustrated a graph of the performance of the RFID antenna structure on both a metal surface and a non-metal surface. - With reference now to
FIG. 4 , there is illustrated theRFID antenna structure 100 in use with medication container. TheRFID antenna structure 100 is formed into a circle and positioned within the interior of thelid 400 of the medication container. Specifically, theRFID antenna structure 100 is positioned against thethreads 402 of thelid 400. Thus, once thelid 400 is screwed on the container, theedge 202 would contact the metal foil sealing disk of the container creating an edge on to the metallic surface. Typically, theRFID antenna structure 100 comprises a biaxially polypropylene (BOPP) face and a permanent adhesive to secure theRFID antenna structure 100 in thelid 400, however any other suitable materials can be used as is known in the art. -
FIG. 5 illustrates theRFID antenna structure 100 positioned in the same orientation but within alarger lid 500 of a medication container. Further, the action of thelid threads 402 engaging when thelid 500 is screwed on does not destroy theRFID antenna structure 100, and even after multiple tries, as well as over-tightening thelids RFID antenna structure 100 still functions. With reference now toFIG. 6 , there is illustrated a graph of the performance of the RFID antenna structure edge on to a foil sealing disk. - With reference now to
FIGS. 7A-B , theRFID antenna structure 700 is shown. Specifically,FIG. 7A discloses theRFID antenna structure 700 configured as anRFID inlay 702 sandwiched between two sheets ofmaterial 704, such as paper, plastic, or foam. Specifically, the material is typically laminated around thematerial 704 and then cut into shapes, such as circles, rectangles, hexagons, triangles, etc., or any other suitable shape as is known in the art. When mounted on a metal surface so that theedge 706 of theRFID inlay 702 is in proximity to the metal surface, good performance is achieved. -
FIG. 7B discloses a side view of theRFID antenna structure 700. TheRFID inlay 702 is shown sandwiched between two layers of material 704 (i.e., paper, plastic, or foam). Thus, theRFID inlay 702 is capable of operating on metal surfaces when made by flat roll to roll lamination and slitting or die cutting, or any other suitable method as is known in the art. - With reference now to
FIG. 8 , theRFID antenna structure 800 is shown wrapped around a shape. Specifically,FIG. 8 discloses theRFID antenna structure 800 configured as anRFID inlay 802 which is wrapped around around object 804, such as a plastic disk or any other suitable shape as is known in the art. If the disk has a hole, then theRFID inlay 802 can be wrapped around an internal surface of the disk, such as a thread or other area. TheRFID inlay 802 in either configuration is then placed in edge on proximity to ametal surface 806, such as a foil disk used to seal a medicine container, or any other suitable metal surface as is known in the art. - With reference now to
FIG. 9 , theRFID antenna structure 900 is shown extruded inside aplastic strip 904. Specifically,FIG. 9 discloses theRFID inlay 902 extruded into aplastic strip 904, wherein theRFID inlay 902 is positioned down the center of the extrusion.FIG. 9 shows a triangular cross-section, but alternate multi-sided shapes can be used as well, as is known in the art. TheRFID inlay 902 is then placed on itsedge 906 proximate to any suitable metal surface as is known in the art. - With reference now to
FIG. 10 , theRFID antenna structure 1000 is disclosed as being wound helically around a narrower former. Specifically, in order to reduce the diameter of the structure without making the ends of theRFID inlay 1002 overlap, theRFID inlay 1002 is wound helically around a narrower plastic former 1004. This plastic former 1004 can include ahole 1006 to allow thestructure 1000 to be fixed by a bolt or screw to a surface, or any other attachment means as is known in the art. TheRFID inlay 1002 is then able to be mounted such that the edge of the -
RFID inlay 1002 is in proximity to the metal surface. - With reference now to
FIG. 11 , theRFID antenna structure 1100 is disclosed as being formed into a flat spiral. Specifically, theRFID inlay 1102 is wound into a flat edge spiral that can be attached to ametal surface 1106. Thus, theRFID inlay 1102 in the shape of a spiral can be placed edge on ametal surface 1106 to achieve good performance of theantenna structure 1100. - With reference now to
FIGS. 12A-B , theRFID antenna structure 1200 is shown as being attached to a metal surface in different mounting orientations. Specifically, the figures show anRFID inlay 1202 embedded within aplastic material 1204, or any other suitable material. The embeddedRFID inlay 1202 has two mounting surfaces that can be attached to ametal surface 1206. Depending on which surface is attached, the tuning and other properties of theRFID antenna structure 1200 can be changed. Further, other structures such as a hexagonal cross-sectional structure, allow multiple mounting orientations which can give different tuning states. - With reference now to
FIGS. 13A-C , theRFID antenna structure 1300 is applied to twistcap containers 1302 as a tamper evident device. Specifically, as shown inFIG. 13A , alabel 1304 is positioned over atwist cap 1306 and over the container (or bottle) 1302 neck with anRFID inlay 1308 positioned only over the container (or bottle) 1302. Aperforation strip 1310 is engineered over thelabel 1304 and theRFID inlay 1308. Twisting of thecap 1306 to expose thecontainer 1302 opening, propagates the tearing in and along the weakened path (i.e., perforation strip 1310) across and down through thelabel 1304 andinlay 1308 on thecontainer 1302, disabling the inlay 1308 (as shown inFIG. 13B ). Thus, theRFID inlay 1308 is disabled when thecap 1306 is twisted off (i.e., the bottle is opened). - Furthermore, the
perforation strip 1310 can be any engineered path that propagates a tear along a predetermined path, such that the predetermined path may be defined as any designed/engineered weakening in the label/inlay construction. In a preferred embodiment, the weakening is by perforation or scoring of certain layers in the label/inlay construction. In a further embodiment shown inFIG. 13C , thelabel 1304 comprises no or a reduced adhesion incertain areas 1312. Theseareas 1312 of little or no adhesive facilitate ease of separation of the perforated path through thelabel 1304 andinlay 1308. - With reference now to
FIGS. 14A-B , theRFID antenna structure 1400 is applied tofliptop cap containers 1402 as a tamper evident device. Specifically, as shown inFIG. 14A , alabel 1404 is positioned over a flip-top cap 1406 and over the container (or bottle) 1402 neck with anRFID inlay 1408 positioned over the flip-top can 1406 and over the container (or bottle) 1402 as well. Aperforation strip 1410 is engineered over thelabel 1404 and theRFID inlay 1408. Flipping open thecap 1406 to expose thecontainer 1402 opening, propagates the tearing in and along the weakened path (i.e., perforation strip 1410) across and down through thelabel 1404 andinlay 1408 on thecontainer 1402, disabling the inlay 1408 (as shown inFIG. 14B ). Thus, theRFID inlay 1408 is disabled when thecap 1406 is flipped open (i.e., the bottle is opened). Furthermore, theperforation strip 1410 can be any engineered path that propagates a tear along a predetermined path, such that the predetermined path may be defined as any designed/engineered weakening in the label/inlay construction. In a preferred embodiment, the weakening is by perforation or scoring of certain layers in the label/inlay construction. - With reference now to
FIGS. 15A-C , theRFID antenna structure 1500 is applied tofliptop cap containers 1502 as a tamper evident device. Specifically, as shown inFIG. 15A , alabel 1504 is positioned over a flip-top cap 1506 and over the container (or bottle) 1502 neck with anRFID inlay 1508 positioned only over the container (or bottle) 1502. Aperforation strip 1510 is engineered over thelabel 1504 and theRFID inlay 1508. Flipping open thecap 1506 to expose thecontainer 1502 opening, propagates the tearing in and along the weakened path (i.e., perforation strip 1510) across and down through thelabel 1504 andinlay 1508 on thecontainer 1502, disabling the inlay 1508 (as shown inFIG. 15B ). Thus, theRFID inlay 1508 is disabled when thecap 1506 is flipped open (i.e., the bottle is opened). - Furthermore, the
perforation strip 1510 can be any engineered path that propagates a tear along a predetermined path, such that the predetermined path may be defined as any designed/engineered weakening in the label/inlay construction. In a preferred embodiment, the weakening is by perforation or scoring of certain layers in the label/inlay construction. In a further embodiment shown inFIG. 15C , thelabel 1504 comprises no or a reduced adhesion incertain areas 1512. Theseareas 1512 of little or no adhesive facilitate ease of separation of the perforated path through thelabel 1504 andinlay 1508. - What has been described above includes examples of the claimed subject matter. It is, of course, not possible to describe every conceivable combination of components or methodologies for purposes of describing the claimed subject matter, but one of ordinary skill in the art may recognize that many further combinations and permutations of the claimed subject matter are possible. Accordingly, the claimed subject matter is intended to embrace all such alterations, modifications and variations that fall within the spirit and scope of the appended claims. Furthermore, to the extent that the term “includes” is used in either the detailed description or the claims, such term is intended to be inclusive in a manner similar to the term “comprising” as
- “comprising” is interpreted when employed as a transitional word in a claim.
Claims (7)
1. The RFID antenna structure of designed to operate in proximity to conductive surfaces comprising an RFID inlay, a pair of plastic layers, and a metal layer, wherein the RFID inlay is sandwiched between the pair of plastic layers, and wherein the RFID inlay is positioned 90 degrees to the metal layer, allowing the RFID antenna structure to operate with minimal separation from an edge of the RFID inlay to the metal layer;
wherein the RFID inlay is linear and incorporated into a protective plastic layer by extrusion,
wrapped in a number of shapes,
wrapped around a form and placed in a cavity, or
incorporated into a structure by injection molding.
2. A tamper evident RFID antenna structure for twist and flip-top cap containers, comprising:
a label positioned over the twist cap and over the container;
an RFID inlay positioned over the container; and
a perforation strip engineered over the label and the RFID inlay;
wherein twisting of the cap to expose a container opening, propagates tearing in and along the perforation strip and across and down through the label and the RFID inlay on the container, disabling the RFID inlay.
3. The RFID antenna structure of claim 1 , wherein the conductive surface is a hexagonal cross-sectional structure.
4. The RFID antenna structure of claim 1 , wherein the RFID inlay is capable of operating on metal surfaces when made by flat roll to roll lamination and slitting or die cutting.
5. The tamper evident RFID antenna structure of claim 2 , wherein the perforation strip is any engineered path that propagates a tear along a predetermined that is defined as any engineered weakness in the label construction
6. The tamper evident RFID antenna structure of claim 2 , wherein the label comprises no or a reduced adhesion in certain areas.
7. A RFID antenna structure designed to operate in proximity to conductive surfaces, comprising:
an RFID inlay including an antenna and a chip, the RFID inlay sandwiched between two layers of material, the RFID inlay having edges;
a metal layer; and
wherein the RFID inlay is positioned 90 degrees to the metal layer on one of the edges of the RFID inlay such that the one edge is in proximity to the metal layer and the RFID inlay and the RFID inlay has similar read performance when not in proximity to a metal layer.
Priority Applications (1)
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US16/882,594 US20200287270A1 (en) | 2014-12-10 | 2020-05-25 | Edge on foam tags |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
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US14/565,726 US10665921B2 (en) | 2014-12-10 | 2014-12-10 | Edge on foam tags |
US16/882,594 US20200287270A1 (en) | 2014-12-10 | 2020-05-25 | Edge on foam tags |
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US14/565,726 Division US10665921B2 (en) | 2014-12-10 | 2014-12-10 | Edge on foam tags |
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US16/882,594 Abandoned US20200287270A1 (en) | 2014-12-10 | 2020-05-25 | Edge on foam tags |
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EP3445435A1 (en) | 2016-04-22 | 2019-02-27 | Hollister Incorporated | Medical device package with a twist cap |
US11103676B2 (en) | 2016-04-22 | 2021-08-31 | Hollister Incorporated | Medical device package with flip cap having a snap fit |
US10759576B2 (en) | 2016-09-28 | 2020-09-01 | The Procter And Gamble Company | Closure interlocking mechanism that prevents accidental initial opening of a container |
CN109661354B (en) * | 2016-09-28 | 2021-01-29 | 宝洁公司 | Closure mechanism for preventing accidental initial opening of container |
WO2018156589A2 (en) | 2017-02-21 | 2018-08-30 | Hollister Incorporated | Medical device package with flip cap having a snap fit |
US11893437B2 (en) | 2017-07-21 | 2024-02-06 | Avery Dennison Retail Information Services Llc | RFID vial tracking with RFID inlay |
JP6962065B2 (en) * | 2017-08-24 | 2021-11-05 | 大日本印刷株式会社 | RFID tag label |
EP3685314B1 (en) * | 2017-09-20 | 2023-10-25 | Avery Dennison Retail Information Services LLC | Rfid wristband |
EP3700612B1 (en) | 2017-10-25 | 2024-06-19 | Hollister Incorporated | Caps for catheter packages |
EP3489165B1 (en) | 2017-11-23 | 2022-08-17 | The Procter & Gamble Company | A closure for a container having an asymmetrical protrusion |
EP3489164B1 (en) | 2017-11-23 | 2023-01-25 | The Procter & Gamble Company | A closure for a container comprising three positions |
CA3084803C (en) | 2017-12-08 | 2024-06-11 | Hollister Incorporated | A catheter product and package with hygienic means for removal from the package |
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KR101780049B1 (en) * | 2013-07-01 | 2017-09-19 | 한국전자통신연구원 | Apparatus and method for monitoring laser welding |
CN103640782A (en) * | 2013-12-04 | 2014-03-19 | 高洪强 | Metal UHF-RFID bottle cap |
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- 2014-12-10 US US14/565,726 patent/US10665921B2/en active Active
-
2015
- 2015-12-10 CN CN201580075809.3A patent/CN107408218A/en active Pending
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- 2015-12-10 WO PCT/US2015/064883 patent/WO2016094606A1/en active Application Filing
- 2015-12-10 BR BR112017012204-9A patent/BR112017012204B1/en active IP Right Grant
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2020
- 2020-05-25 US US16/882,594 patent/US20200287270A1/en not_active Abandoned
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CN107408218A (en) | 2017-11-28 |
BR112017012204B1 (en) | 2023-04-11 |
EP3230927A1 (en) | 2017-10-18 |
BR112017012204A8 (en) | 2022-11-22 |
BR112017012204A2 (en) | 2017-12-26 |
US20160172742A1 (en) | 2016-06-16 |
EP3230927B1 (en) | 2023-08-09 |
WO2016094606A1 (en) | 2016-06-16 |
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