US20200209504A1 - Branch fiber optic cable assembly and method of making the same - Google Patents
Branch fiber optic cable assembly and method of making the same Download PDFInfo
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- US20200209504A1 US20200209504A1 US16/399,616 US201916399616A US2020209504A1 US 20200209504 A1 US20200209504 A1 US 20200209504A1 US 201916399616 A US201916399616 A US 201916399616A US 2020209504 A1 US2020209504 A1 US 2020209504A1
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- fiber optic
- optic cable
- inner cords
- branching sites
- branch
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- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 43
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004382 potting Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000271 Kevlar® Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004761 kevlar Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- G02B6/4495—
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/44—Mechanical structures for providing tensile strength and external protection for fibres, e.g. optical transmission cables
- G02B6/4439—Auxiliary devices
- G02B6/4471—Terminating devices ; Cable clamps
- G02B6/4472—Manifolds
- G02B6/4475—Manifolds with provision for lateral branching
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/44—Mechanical structures for providing tensile strength and external protection for fibres, e.g. optical transmission cables
- G02B6/4401—Optical cables
- G02B6/4429—Means specially adapted for strengthening or protecting the cables
- G02B6/443—Protective covering
- G02B6/4431—Protective covering with provision in the protective covering, e.g. weak line, for gaining access to one or more fibres, e.g. for branching or tapping
Definitions
- the disclosure relates to a fiber optic cable assembly and a method of making the same, and more particularly to a branch fiber optic cable assembly and a method of making the same.
- a fiber optic cable is composed of a plurality of small core optical fibers adjacent to each other, and an outer jacket sleeved around the optical fibers.
- the fiber optic cable is capable of transmitting signals through the optical fibers.
- the outer jacket is stripped so that the optical fibers can be branched for connection. Because the optical fibers are disposed within the jacket before being branched, it is unknown which of the optical fibers will be branched and how to manipulate the terminal ends thereof beforehand. Therefore, branched optical fibers have to be connected to other optical fibers by fusion-bonding in an optical fiber distribution box or optical fiber junction box. Not only is the operation for connecting the optical fibers difficult, but the cost is also increased. Still, there is a room for improvement.
- one object of the disclosure is to provide a branch fiber optic cable assembly that can alleviate at least one of the drawbacks of the prior art.
- a branch fiber optic cable assembly includes a main fiber optic cable and a plurality of stub cables.
- the main fiber optic cable extends along an axial direction, and has a plurality of branching sites which are spaced apart from each other along the axial direction.
- Each of the stub cables has a first end integrally connected to the main fiber optic cable at one of the branching sites, and a second end extending away from the main fiber optic cable.
- Another object of the disclosure is to provide a method of making a branch fiber optic cable assembly.
- a method of making a branch fiber optic cable assembly includes:
- FIG. 1 illustrates a main fiber optic cable used in an embodiment according to the disclosure
- FIG. 2 is a side view illustrating that an outer jacket of the main fiber optic cable is provided with branching sites each having a cut-off and one of inner cords of the main fiber optic cable has a section pulled outward at one of the branching sites;
- FIG. 3 is another side view of the embodiment illustrating a protection sleeve wrapping around the section of one of the inner cords for forming a stub cable;
- FIG. 4 is still another side view of the embodiment illustrating a fixing ring disposed around an optical fiber of the stub cable;
- FIG. 5 is still another side view of the embodiment illustrating sealing sleeves each of which fills and covers one of the cut-outs of the branching sites;
- FIG. 6 illustrates a branch fiber optic cable assembly according to the disclosure.
- FIG. 1 illustrates a main fiber optic cable 2 used in an embodiment of a method of making a branch fiber optic cable assembly according to the disclosure.
- the method includes step (a) providing the main fiber optic cable 2 extending along an axial direction (A).
- the main fiber optic cable 2 includes a plurality of inner cords 21 juxtaposed to each other, and an outer jacket 22 sleeved around the inner cords 21 .
- the main fiber optic cable 2 is processed by the method of the disclosure.
- the method further includes step (B) in which the outer jacket 22 is provided with a plurality of branching sites (B) which are spaced apart along the axial direction (A) and each of which has a cut-out that is formed in the outer jacket 22 and that angularly extends around and exposes the inner cords 21 .
- the cut-out is annular and exposes all of the inner cords 21 .
- the branching sites (B) divide the outer jacket 22 into a plurality of jacket portions 220 . Each of the branching sites (B) is interposed between two of the jacket portions 220 .
- the method further includes the step (c) of cutting at least one of the inner cords 21 (see one of the inner cords 21 that is also designated as 21 a in FIG. 2 for ease of explanation) exposed at a first one of the branching sites (B) (referred to as the first branching site (B 1 ) somewhere hereinafter) until the inner cord 21 a has a cut end (not visible in FIG. 2 ).
- the cut end is shown at 31 a in FIG. 3 and will be detailed hereinafter.
- the method further includes the step (d) of pulling the inner cord 21 a from a second one of the branching sites (B) (referred to as the second branching site (B 2 ) somewhere hereinafter).
- a second one of the branching sites (B) referred to as the second branching site (B 2 ) somewhere hereinafter.
- an optical fiber 31 of the inner cord 21 a is pulled outward so that it forms a curve.
- the cut end 31 a of the optical fiber 31 is at the outside of the outer jacket 22 .
- the action of pulling is carried out until the cut end 31 a of the inner cord 21 a is released from the outer jacket 22 and moved away from the second branching site (B 2 ), thereby causing a section of the inner cord 21 a to branch from the main fiber optic cable 2 .
- Each inner cord 21 may be a sheathed or unsheathed fiber optic cord.
- each inner cord 21 has a sheath 210 covering at least one optical fiber 31 .
- the inner cord 21 a is partially stripped at the first branching site (B 1 ) such that a part of the sheath 210 thereof is removed and the optical fiber 31 thereof is cut apart to have the cut end 31 a.
- the pulling step (c) a section of the optical fiber 31 is pulled outward from the sheath 210 at the second branching site (B 2 ) until the cut end 31 a of the optical fiber 31 is moved out from the outer jacket 22 and away from the second branching site (B 2 ).
- each inner cord 21 may be a single unsheathed fiber cord according to other embodiments.
- the unsheathed fiber cord may be cut part at the first branching site (B 1 ), and the resulting cut end thereof may be pulled out of the outer jacket 22 at the second branching site (B 2 ).
- each inner cord 21 may have a plurality of optical fibers 31 which are covered by the sheath 210 according to other embodiments.
- more than one inner cords 21 may be cut at the first branching site (B 1 ) to branch a plurality of the optical fibers 31 from the more than one inner cords 21 at the second branching site (B 2 ).
- inner cord 21 may be additionally cut at the first or second branching site (B 1 or B 2 ) and pulled outward at the second or first branching site (B 2 or B 1 ).
- the method further includes the step (e) of wrapping the section of the inner cord 21 a (i.e., a section of the optical fiber 31 of the inner cord 21 a ) which is pulled outward at the second branching site (B 2 ) with a protection sleeve 32 , thereby forming a stub cable 3 .
- the stub cable 3 includes a section of at least one optical fiber 31 of one of the inner cords 21 , and the protection sleeve 32 sleeved around the section of the at least one optical fiber 31 .
- the section of the optical fiber 31 is not entirely covered by the protection sleeve 32 .
- the inner cord 21 a may have multiple optical fibers 31 covered by the sheath 210 , and the respective sections of the multiple optical fibers 31 will be pulled out at the second branching site (B 2 ) and wrapped by one protection sleeve 32 .
- Step (c) to step (e) are repeated until a predetermined number of the inner cords 21 are branched from the main fiber optic cable 2 to form a plurality of the stub cables 3 respectively at the branching sites (B) as shown in FIG. 6 .
- the method further includes the step of providing a plurality of fixing rings 4 (only one is shown in FIG. 4 ).
- the fixing rings 4 are respectively disposed within the cut-outs of the branching sites (B). As shown in FIG. 4 , the fixing ring 4 is disposed in the second branching site (B 2 ) around the optical fiber 31 at a point where the optical fiber 31 begins to branch from the main fiber optic cable 2 . If the inner cord 21 a has multiple optical fibers 31 , one fixing ring 4 will be disposed around the multiple optical fibers 31 .
- the fixing ring 4 is a cold pressed metal ring which is fixed to the optical fiber 31 by using glue and Kevlar fabric.
- the fixing ring 4 may function as a node.
- the method further includes the step of providing a plurality of sealing sleeves 5 .
- each sealing sleeve 5 fills and covers one of the cut-outs of the branching sites (B) and one of the fixing rings 4 , and has two opposites ends respectively connected to two adjacent ones of the jacket portions 220 , there by sealing the inner cords 21 of the main finer optic cable 2 .
- each sealing sleeve 5 is a molded body formed by an over-molding method or a potting method around the main fiber optic cable 2 .
- the sealing sleeves 5 firmly connect the main fiber optic cable 2 and the stub cables 3 .
- the way of forming the sealing sleeves 5 should not be limited to this embodiment.
- the branch fiber optic cable assembly 6 has the main fiber optic cable 2 extending along the axial direction (A), and the stub cables 3 integrally connected to the main fiber optic cable 2 .
- the number of the stub cables 3 corresponds to a predetermined number.
- Each stub cable 3 has a first end integrally connected to the main fiber optic cable 2 , and a second end extending away from the main fiber optic cable 2 . Because the branch fiber optic cable assembly 6 has the stub cables 3 which are preformed at a production factory, it is not necessary to strip the outer jacket 22 and to conduct fusion-bonding for connection of the branch fiber optic cable assembly 6 with optical fibers of external equipment, thereby saving installation times and enhancing reliability.
- each stub cable 3 may be directly connected to an outdoor fiber optic connector (D) (see FIG. 6 ), or the branch fiber optic cable assembly 6 per se may be formed into a fiber optic pigtail. No extra accessories are required during field installation. Therefore, the branch fiber optic cable assembly 6 can reduce costs and installation difficulties and allow flexibility in use.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Light Guides In General And Applications Therefor (AREA)
- Mechanical Coupling Of Light Guides (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- This application claims priority to Taiwanese Patent Application No. 107147070, filed on Dec. 26, 2018.
- The disclosure relates to a fiber optic cable assembly and a method of making the same, and more particularly to a branch fiber optic cable assembly and a method of making the same.
- A fiber optic cable is composed of a plurality of small core optical fibers adjacent to each other, and an outer jacket sleeved around the optical fibers. The fiber optic cable is capable of transmitting signals through the optical fibers. To connect the optical fibers to different connection points at different locations, the outer jacket is stripped so that the optical fibers can be branched for connection. Because the optical fibers are disposed within the jacket before being branched, it is unknown which of the optical fibers will be branched and how to manipulate the terminal ends thereof beforehand. Therefore, branched optical fibers have to be connected to other optical fibers by fusion-bonding in an optical fiber distribution box or optical fiber junction box. Not only is the operation for connecting the optical fibers difficult, but the cost is also increased. Still, there is a room for improvement.
- Therefore, one object of the disclosure is to provide a branch fiber optic cable assembly that can alleviate at least one of the drawbacks of the prior art.
- According to one object of the disclosure, a branch fiber optic cable assembly includes a main fiber optic cable and a plurality of stub cables.
- The main fiber optic cable extends along an axial direction, and has a plurality of branching sites which are spaced apart from each other along the axial direction.
- Each of the stub cables has a first end integrally connected to the main fiber optic cable at one of the branching sites, and a second end extending away from the main fiber optic cable.
- Another object of the disclosure is to provide a method of making a branch fiber optic cable assembly.
- According another object of the disclosure, a method of making a branch fiber optic cable assembly includes:
-
- (a) providing a main fiber optic cable extending along an axial direction, the main fiber optic cable including a plurality of inner cords juxtaposed to each other, and an outer jacket sleeved around the inner cords;
- (b) providing the outer jacket with a plurality of branching sites which are spaced apart along the axial direction and each of which has a cut-out that angularly extends around and exposes the inner cords, the branching sites (B) dividing the outer jacket into a plurality of jacket portions, each of the branching sites being interposed between two of the jacket portions;
- (c) cutting at least one of the inner cords exposed at a first one of the branching sites until the at least one of the inner cords has a cut end;
- (d) pulling the at least one of the inner cords from a second one of the branching sites until the cut end of the at least one of the inner cords is released from the outer jacket and moved away from the second one of the branching sites, thereby causing a section of the at least one of the inner cords to branch from the main fiber optic cable; and
- (e) wrapping the section of the at least one of the inner cords with a protection sleeve, thereby forming at least one stub cable;
- wherein steps (c) to (e) are repeated until a predetermined number of the inner cords are branched from the main fiber optic cable to form a plurality of the stub cables respectively at the branching sites.
- Other features and advantages of the disclosure will become apparent in the following detailed description of the embodiment with reference to the accompanying drawings, of which:
-
FIG. 1 illustrates a main fiber optic cable used in an embodiment according to the disclosure; -
FIG. 2 is a side view illustrating that an outer jacket of the main fiber optic cable is provided with branching sites each having a cut-off and one of inner cords of the main fiber optic cable has a section pulled outward at one of the branching sites; -
FIG. 3 is another side view of the embodiment illustrating a protection sleeve wrapping around the section of one of the inner cords for forming a stub cable; -
FIG. 4 is still another side view of the embodiment illustrating a fixing ring disposed around an optical fiber of the stub cable; -
FIG. 5 is still another side view of the embodiment illustrating sealing sleeves each of which fills and covers one of the cut-outs of the branching sites; and -
FIG. 6 illustrates a branch fiber optic cable assembly according to the disclosure. -
FIG. 1 illustrates a main fiberoptic cable 2 used in an embodiment of a method of making a branch fiber optic cable assembly according to the disclosure. The method includes step (a) providing the main fiberoptic cable 2 extending along an axial direction (A). The main fiberoptic cable 2 includes a plurality ofinner cords 21 juxtaposed to each other, and anouter jacket 22 sleeved around theinner cords 21. - Referring to
FIGS. 2 to 5 , the main fiberoptic cable 2 is processed by the method of the disclosure. In particular, the method further includes step (B) in which theouter jacket 22 is provided with a plurality of branching sites (B) which are spaced apart along the axial direction (A) and each of which has a cut-out that is formed in theouter jacket 22 and that angularly extends around and exposes theinner cords 21. The cut-out is annular and exposes all of theinner cords 21. The branching sites (B) divide theouter jacket 22 into a plurality ofjacket portions 220. Each of the branching sites (B) is interposed between two of thejacket portions 220. - The method further includes the step (c) of cutting at least one of the inner cords 21 (see one of the
inner cords 21 that is also designated as 21 a inFIG. 2 for ease of explanation) exposed at a first one of the branching sites (B) (referred to as the first branching site (B1) somewhere hereinafter) until theinner cord 21 a has a cut end (not visible inFIG. 2 ). The cut end is shown at 31 a inFIG. 3 and will be detailed hereinafter. - The method further includes the step (d) of pulling the
inner cord 21 a from a second one of the branching sites (B) (referred to as the second branching site (B2) somewhere hereinafter). InFIG. 2 , anoptical fiber 31 of theinner cord 21 a is pulled outward so that it forms a curve. InFIG. 3 , thecut end 31 a of theoptical fiber 31 is at the outside of theouter jacket 22. The action of pulling is carried out until thecut end 31 a of theinner cord 21 a is released from theouter jacket 22 and moved away from the second branching site (B2), thereby causing a section of theinner cord 21 a to branch from the main fiberoptic cable 2. - Each
inner cord 21 may be a sheathed or unsheathed fiber optic cord. In this embodiment, eachinner cord 21 has asheath 210 covering at least oneoptical fiber 31. In the cutting step (b), theinner cord 21 a is partially stripped at the first branching site (B1) such that a part of thesheath 210 thereof is removed and theoptical fiber 31 thereof is cut apart to have thecut end 31 a. In the pulling step (c), a section of theoptical fiber 31 is pulled outward from thesheath 210 at the second branching site (B2) until thecut end 31 a of theoptical fiber 31 is moved out from theouter jacket 22 and away from the second branching site (B2). Alternatively, eachinner cord 21 may be a single unsheathed fiber cord according to other embodiments. The unsheathed fiber cord may be cut part at the first branching site (B1), and the resulting cut end thereof may be pulled out of theouter jacket 22 at the second branching site (B2). - While each
inner cord 21 has oneoptical fiber 31 which is covered by thesheath 210 and a section of which is pulled out from thesheath 210 in this embodiment, eachinner cord 21 may have a plurality ofoptical fibers 31 which are covered by thesheath 210 according to other embodiments. In addition, while only oneinner cord 21 is cut at the first branching site (B1) to branch oneoptical fiber 31 at the second branching site (B2), more than oneinner cords 21 may be cut at the first branching site (B1) to branch a plurality of theoptical fibers 31 from the more than oneinner cords 21 at the second branching site (B2). Moreover, while only oneinner cord 21 is cut at the first branching site (B1), otherinner cords 21 may be additionally cut at the first or second branching site (B1 or B2) and pulled outward at the second or first branching site (B2 or B1). - The method further includes the step (e) of wrapping the section of the
inner cord 21 a (i.e., a section of theoptical fiber 31 of theinner cord 21 a) which is pulled outward at the second branching site (B2) with aprotection sleeve 32, thereby forming astub cable 3. As shown inFIG. 3 , thestub cable 3 includes a section of at least oneoptical fiber 31 of one of theinner cords 21, and theprotection sleeve 32 sleeved around the section of the at least oneoptical fiber 31. The section of theoptical fiber 31 is not entirely covered by theprotection sleeve 32. According to other embodiments, theinner cord 21 a may have multipleoptical fibers 31 covered by thesheath 210, and the respective sections of the multipleoptical fibers 31 will be pulled out at the second branching site (B2) and wrapped by oneprotection sleeve 32. - Step (c) to step (e) are repeated until a predetermined number of the
inner cords 21 are branched from the main fiberoptic cable 2 to form a plurality of thestub cables 3 respectively at the branching sites (B) as shown inFIG. 6 . - The method further includes the step of providing a plurality of fixing rings 4 (only one is shown in
FIG. 4 ). Thefixing rings 4 are respectively disposed within the cut-outs of the branching sites (B). As shown inFIG. 4 , thefixing ring 4 is disposed in the second branching site (B2) around theoptical fiber 31 at a point where theoptical fiber 31 begins to branch from the main fiberoptic cable 2. If theinner cord 21 a has multipleoptical fibers 31, one fixingring 4 will be disposed around the multipleoptical fibers 31. In this embodiment, the fixingring 4 is a cold pressed metal ring which is fixed to theoptical fiber 31 by using glue and Kevlar fabric. The fixingring 4 may function as a node. - The method further includes the step of providing a plurality of sealing
sleeves 5. As shown inFIG. 5 , each sealingsleeve 5 fills and covers one of the cut-outs of the branching sites (B) and one of the fixing rings 4, and has two opposites ends respectively connected to two adjacent ones of thejacket portions 220, there by sealing theinner cords 21 of the mainfiner optic cable 2. In particular, each sealingsleeve 5 is a molded body formed by an over-molding method or a potting method around the mainfiber optic cable 2. The sealingsleeves 5 firmly connect the mainfiber optic cable 2 and thestub cables 3. The way of forming the sealingsleeves 5 should not be limited to this embodiment. Through the aforesaid steps, the branch fiber optic cable assembly 6 (seeFIG. 6 ) of the disclosure is produced. - Referring to
FIG. 6 , the branch fiberoptic cable assembly 6 has the mainfiber optic cable 2 extending along the axial direction (A), and thestub cables 3 integrally connected to the mainfiber optic cable 2. The number of thestub cables 3 corresponds to a predetermined number. Eachstub cable 3 has a first end integrally connected to the mainfiber optic cable 2, and a second end extending away from the mainfiber optic cable 2. Because the branch fiberoptic cable assembly 6 has thestub cables 3 which are preformed at a production factory, it is not necessary to strip theouter jacket 22 and to conduct fusion-bonding for connection of the branch fiberoptic cable assembly 6 with optical fibers of external equipment, thereby saving installation times and enhancing reliability. In addition, the second end of eachstub cable 3 may be directly connected to an outdoor fiber optic connector (D) (seeFIG. 6 ), or the branch fiberoptic cable assembly 6 per se may be formed into a fiber optic pigtail. No extra accessories are required during field installation. Therefore, the branch fiberoptic cable assembly 6 can reduce costs and installation difficulties and allow flexibility in use. - In the description above, for the purposes of explanation, numerous specific details have been set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiment. It will be apparent, however, to one skilled in the art, that one or more other embodiments may be practiced without some of these specific details. It should also be appreciated that reference throughout this specification to “one embodiment,” “an embodiment,” an embodiment with an indication of an ordinal number and so forth means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic may be included in the practice of the disclosure. It should be further appreciated that in the description, various features are sometimes grouped together in a single embodiment, figure, or description thereof for the purpose of streamlining the disclosure and aiding in the understanding of various inventive aspects, and that one or more features or specific details from one embodiment may be practiced together with one or more features or specific details from another embodiment, where appropriate, in the practice of the disclosure.
- While the disclosure has been described in connection with what is considered the exemplary embodiment, it is understood that this disclosure is not limited to the disclosed embodiment but is intended to cover various arrangements included within the spirit and scope of the broadest interpretation so as to encompass all such modifications and equivalent arrangements.
Claims (11)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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TW107147070A TWI682206B (en) | 2018-12-26 | 2018-12-26 | Optical cable system with branch and manufacturing method thereof |
TW107147070 | 2018-12-26 | ||
TW107147070A | 2018-12-26 |
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US20200209504A1 true US20200209504A1 (en) | 2020-07-02 |
US10712523B1 US10712523B1 (en) | 2020-07-14 |
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US16/399,616 Active US10712523B1 (en) | 2018-12-26 | 2019-04-30 | Branch fiber optic cable assembly and method of making the same |
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US20110097050A1 (en) * | 2009-10-23 | 2011-04-28 | Blackwell Jr Chois A | Mounting Platforms for Integrally Supporting an Optical Splice Tray(s) and/or an Optical Splitter(s) in a Multi-Port Optical Connection Terminal and Related Methods |
US20180314021A1 (en) * | 2015-11-11 | 2018-11-01 | Afl Telecommunications Llc | Optical connection terminals for fiber optic communications networks |
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JP2008249824A (en) * | 2007-03-29 | 2008-10-16 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | Optical cable |
CN102165349A (en) * | 2008-08-01 | 2011-08-24 | 3M创新有限公司 | Optical fiber cable inlet device with integral optical device |
-
2018
- 2018-12-26 TW TW107147070A patent/TWI682206B/en active
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US20110097050A1 (en) * | 2009-10-23 | 2011-04-28 | Blackwell Jr Chois A | Mounting Platforms for Integrally Supporting an Optical Splice Tray(s) and/or an Optical Splitter(s) in a Multi-Port Optical Connection Terminal and Related Methods |
US20180314021A1 (en) * | 2015-11-11 | 2018-11-01 | Afl Telecommunications Llc | Optical connection terminals for fiber optic communications networks |
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TW202024701A (en) | 2020-07-01 |
US10712523B1 (en) | 2020-07-14 |
TWI682206B (en) | 2020-01-11 |
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