US20200072468A1

US20200072468A1 - Combustor for gas turbine

Info

Publication number: US20200072468A1
Application number: US16/552,909
Authority: US
Inventors: Jong Ho Uhm
Original assignee: Doosan Heavy Industries and Construction Co Ltd
Current assignee: Doosan Heavy Industries and Construction Co Ltd
Priority date: 2018-09-03
Filing date: 2019-08-27
Publication date: 2020-03-05
Also published as: KR20200026529A; US11131457B2; KR102109082B1

Abstract

A combustor includes a combustion chamber; a nozzle supplied with fuel and air to produce a mixed gas of the fuel and the air and configured to inject the mixed gas into the combustion chamber; a fuel supply section coupled to the nozzle casing and configured to supply the fuel to the nozzle; a fuel conditioner that includes a fuel flow path having a serpentine shape and is disposed between the fuel supply section and the nozzle, the fuel conditioner configured to guide the fuel supplied from the fuel supply section to the nozzle along the fuel flow path; and a nozzle casing having an opening into which the nozzle is inserted. The fuel conditioner extends from a first side of the nozzle casing toward a second side. The fuel conditioner and the nozzle casing form a first passage through which fuel may flow to the nozzle.

Description

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims priority to Korean Patent Application No. 10-2018-0104583, filed on Sep. 3, 2018, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

BACKGROUND OF THE DISCLOSURE

Field of the Disclosure

Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a combustor for a gas turbine, and more particularly, to a nozzle structure and a path of fuel and air supplied to a nozzle.

Description of the Related Art

In general, a turbine is a machine that converts the energy of a flowing fluid such as water, gas, or steam into mechanical work. A turbine may be referred to as a turbomachine and typically includes many buckets or blades mounted to the circumference of a rotating body, which is rotated at high speed by an impulsive or reaction force caused by the fluid flowing between the buckets/blades.
Examples of the turbine include a water turbine using the energy of elevated water, a steam turbine using the energy of steam, an air turbine using the energy of high-pressure compressed air, and a gas turbine using the energy of high-temperature and high-pressure gas. Among these, the gas turbine includes a compressor, a combustor, and a turbine.
The compressor of a gas turbine includes a plurality of compressor vanes and compressor blades arranged alternately and compresses air to send it to the combustor. The combustor mixes the compressed air with a supply of fuel and ignites the mixture, thereby producing high-temperature and high-pressure combustion gas, which is discharged into the turbine. The turbine includes an alternating arrangement of a plurality of turbine vanes and a plurality of turbine blades, and the discharged combustion gas generates rotational force while passing through the turbine blades.
In a large gas turbine, the combustor may consist of a plurality of combustors arranged annularly around the axis of the gas turbine. Meanwhile, each combustor includes a plurality of nozzles for injecting fuel into a combustion chamber coupled to the nozzles. Each nozzle is supplied with fuel and air, which are premixed in the nozzle and then ejected from the nozzle.
The nozzle may be provided with a plurality of swirlers to promote mixing of fuel and air. There has been known a structure in which a plurality of fuel injection holes are formed in each swirler.
However, the conventional combustor of the gas turbine is problematic in that, since the flow rates or pressures of fuel ejected from the respective fuel injection holes are not uniform, fuel and air may not be appropriately mixed.

SUMMARY OF THE DISCLOSURE

An object of the present disclosure is to provide a combustor for a gas turbine capable of uniformly injecting fuel.
Another object of the present disclosure is to provide a combustor for a gas turbine capable of simplifying a fuel supply path.
Other objects and advantages of the present disclosure can be understood by the following description, and become apparent with reference to the embodiments of the present disclosure. Also, it is obvious to those skilled in the art to which the present disclosure pertains that the objects and advantages of the present disclosure can be realized by the means as claimed and combinations thereof.
In accordance with one aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a a combustor including a combustion chamber; a nozzle supplied with fuel and air to produce a mixed gas of the fuel and the air and configured to inject the mixed gas into the combustion chamber; a fuel supply section coupled to the nozzle casing and configured to supply the fuel to the nozzle; and a fuel conditioner that includes a fuel flow path having a serpentine shape and is disposed between the fuel supply section and the nozzle, the fuel conditioner configured to guide the fuel supplied from the fuel supply section to the nozzle along the fuel flow path.
The fuel conditioner may be disposed along a circumferential direction of the nozzle.
The combustor may further include a nozzle casing having an opening into which the nozzle is inserted, and the fuel supply section may be coupled to an outer peripheral surface of the nozzle casing.
The fuel conditioner may extend from an inner surface of a first side of the nozzle casing toward a second side of the nozzle casing opposite to the first side, and the fuel conditioner and the nozzle casing may be spaced apart from each other to form a first passage through which fuel may flow to the nozzle.
The nozzle may include an outer tube having a cylindrical shape and defining an external appearance of the nozzle, and the fuel conditioner may further include a bend formed at one end and a first extension that extends from the bend toward the outer tube. The surface of the outer tube and the first extension may form a second passage through which fuel may flow to the nozzle. The first extension may be formed to vary in size along a circumferential direction of the outer tube.
The first extension may include at least one portion that extends to a surface of the outer tube and at least one portion that does extend to the surface of the outer tube, and the surface of the outer tube and the at least one portion that does not extend to the surface of the outer tube may form a second passage through which fuel may flow to the nozzle. The second passage may consist of a plurality of second passages formed at positions spaced apart from each other along the circumferential direction of the outer tube. The plurality of second passages may be spaced apart from each other at a predetermined interval. Each of the plurality of second passages may have a polygon shape one side of which is formed by the surface of the outer tube.
The fuel conditioner may further include a second extension that extends from the outer tube toward the first extension, and the first and second extensions may form a third passage through which fuel may flow to the nozzle.
The fuel conditioner may further include a second extension that extends from the outer tube toward the first extension. The first extension may include at least one portion that extends to a surface of the outer tube and at least one portion that does extend to the surface of the outer tube. The second extension surface and the at least one portion that does not extend to the surface of the outer tube may form a third passage through which fuel may flow to the nozzle. The third passage may consist of a plurality of third passages formed at positions spaced apart from each other along the circumferential direction of the outer tube. The plurality of third passages may be spaced apart from each other at a predetermined interval.
The fuel flow path of the fuel conditioner may include a first end and a second end and may communicate at the first end with the fuel supply section and communicate at the second end with a swirler opening formed in an outer tube of the nozzle.
In accordance with another aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a combustor including a nozzle configured to mix fuel and air and eject mixed gas, the nozzle including an outer tube having a cylindrical shape and defining an external appearance of the nozzle; a combustion chamber in which the mixed gas ejected from the nozzle is combusted; a fuel supply section coupled to the nozzle casing and configured to supply the fuel to the nozzle; a fuel conditioner that includes a fuel flow path having a serpentine shape and is disposed between the fuel supply section and the nozzle, the fuel conditioner configured to guide the fuel supplied from the fuel supply section to the nozzle along the fuel flow path; and a nozzle casing having an opening into which the nozzle is inserted. The fuel supply section may be coupled to an outer peripheral surface of the nozzle casing, and the nozzle may include an outer tube having a cylindrical shape and defining an external appearance of the nozzle.
The fuel conditioner may extend from an inner surface of a first side of the nozzle casing toward a second side of the nozzle casing opposite to the first side, and the fuel conditioner and the nozzle casing may be spaced apart from each other to form a first passage through which fuel may flow to the nozzle.
The nozzle may include an outer tube having a cylindrical shape and defining an external appearance of the nozzle, and the fuel conditioner may further include a bend formed at one end and a first extension that extends from the bend toward the outer tube. The surface of the outer tube and the first extension form a second passage through which fuel may flow to the first passage.
In accordance with another aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a gas turbine including at least one combustor, each of which is consistent with the above-described combustor.
It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description of the present disclosure are exemplary and explanatory and are intended to provide further explanation of the disclosure as claimed.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The above and other objects, features and other advantages of the present disclosure will be more clearly understood from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 is a cutaway perspective view of a gas turbine in which may be applied a combustor for a gas turbine according to the present disclosure;

FIG. 2 is a sectional view of an example of a combustor of the gas turbine of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a cutaway perspective view illustrating a nozzle unit of a combustor for a gas turbine according to a first embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 4 is a top view of the nozzle unit of FIG. 3;

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional schematic view of a portion of the nozzle unit of FIG. 3;

FIG. 6 is a perspective view of the swirler of FIG. 3;

FIG. 7 is a perspective view of the plate of FIG. 3;

FIGS. 8A to 8C are perspective views of a nozzle casing according to first to third embodiments of the present disclosure, respectively;

FIGS. 9A to 9C are transparent perspective views of FIGS. 8A to 8C, respectively;

FIG. 10A is a schematic view of a fuel conditioner and associated components according to a fourth embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 10B is a schematic view of a fuel conditioner and associated components according to a fifth embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 10C is a top view of the fuel conditioner configuration according to the fourth or fifth embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 11A is a schematic view of a fuel conditioner and associated components according to a sixth embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 11B is a schematic view of a fuel conditioner and associated components according to a seventh embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIGS. 11C to 11H are top views of the fuel conditioner configuration according to the sixth or seventh embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 12A is a schematic view of a fuel conditioner and associated components according to an eighth embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 12B is a schematic view of a fuel conditioner and associated components according to a ninth embodiment of the present disclosure; and

FIGS. 12C to 12H are top views of the fuel conditioner configuration according to the eighth or ninth embodiment of the present disclosure.

DESCRIPTION OF SPECIFIC EMBODIMENTS

Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described below in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The present disclosure may, however, be embodied in different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the present disclosure to those skilled in the art. Throughout the disclosure, like reference numerals refer to like parts throughout the various figures and embodiments of the present disclosure.
The thermodynamic cycle of a gas turbine ideally follows a Brayton cycle. The Brayton cycle consists of four phases including isentropic compression (adiabatic compression), isobaric heat addition, isentropic expansion (adiabatic expansion), and isobaric heat dissipation. In other words, in the Brayton cycle, thermal energy is released by combustion of fuel in an isobaric environment after the atmospheric air is drawn in and compressed to a high pressure, hot combustion gas is expanded to be converted into kinetic energy, and exhaust gas with residual energy is then discharged to the atmosphere. The Brayton cycle consists of four processes, i.e., compression, heating, expansion, and exhaust.
As illustrated in FIG. 1, a gas turbine 1000 applies the Brayton cycle and includes a compressor 1100, a combustor 1200, and a turbine 1300.
The compressor 1100 of the gas turbine 1000 serves to draw and compress air, and mainly serves to supply cooling air to the high-temperature region required for cooling in the gas turbine 1000 while supplying compressed air to the combustor 1200. Since the air drawn into the compressor 1100 is subject to an adiabatic compression process, the pressure and temperature of the air passing through the compressor 1100 increase.
FIG. 2 illustrates an example of the combustor 1200 included in the gas turbine 1000. The combustor 1200 mixes the compressed air, which is supplied from the outlet of the compressor 1100, with fuel for isobaric combustion to produce high-energy combustion gas. The combustor 1200 is disposed downstream of the compressor 1100 and includes a nozzle assembly 1220 having a plurality of nozzles 300 arranged in an annular combustor casing 1210. The fuel injected from each of the nozzles 300 is mixed with air at a ratio suitable for combustion.
The gas turbine 1000 may use gas fuel, liquid fuel, or composite fuel combining them. That is, various types of fluid fuel may be used.
Premixed combustion may occur in the combustor 1200. The premixed combustion is a method of premixing fuel and air prior to ignition and then injecting the mixed gas through the nozzles 300 to be ignited and burned.
In this case, a swirler (described later) may be installed in each of the nozzles 300 to facilitate the premixing of air and fuel. The premixed gas is initially ignited by an igniter, and the combustion is then maintained by continuously supplying a mixture of fuel and air.
The combustor 1200 needs to be suitably cooled since it operates at the highest temperature in the gas turbine 1000. For this, an annular tube 1280 is provided to connect the nozzle assembly 1220 to the turbine 1300. Cooling is achieved when compressed air flows along the annular tube 1280, which is essentially a duct assembly formed of a liner 1250, a transition piece 1260, and a flow sleeve 1270 surrounding the liner 1250 and the transition piece 1260. In the process in which the compressed air flows along the annular tube 1280 to be supplied to the nozzles 300, the liner 1250 and transition piece 1260, which are heated by the hot combustion gas in a combustion chamber 200, are properly cooled.
The high-temperature and high-pressure combustion gas produced in the combustor 1200 is supplied to the turbine 1300 through the duct assembly. In the turbine 1300, the thermal energy of combustion gas is converted into mechanical energy to rotate the rotary shaft of the turbine 1300 by applying impingement and reaction force to a plurality of blades radially arranged on the rotary shaft of the turbine 1300 through the adiabatic expansion of the combustion gas. Some of the mechanical energy obtained from the turbine 1300 is supplied as energy required for compression of air in the compressor, and the remainder is used as effective energy required for driving a generator to produce electric power or the like.

First Embodiment

The combustor 1200 according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure includes a nozzle unit 100 in which fuel and air are mixed for injection, and the combustion chamber 200 in which the premixed gas ejected from the nozzle unit 100 is burned.
As illustrated in FIG. 3, the nozzle unit 100 includes a nozzle unit casing 102 having a cylindrical shape and defining an overall external appearance of the nozzle unit 100, a plurality of nozzles 300 for jetting a mixed gas of fuel and air, a nozzle casing 400 having an opening for insertion of each of the nozzles 300, and a fuel supply section 500 for supplying fuel to each of the nozzles 300. In the present embodiment, the nozzle unit casing 102 may correlate to the annular combustor casing 1210 shown in FIG. 2.
As illustrated in FIG. 4, the nozzle unit 100 is partitioned radially into a plurality of regions. Each of the partitioned regions includes one nozzle 300, such that the number of regions corresponds to the number of nozzles 300. The regions may each have a wedge or pie shape, and while the angled sides of each region typically form an equal angle according to the number of regions, the form of the respective regions is not necessarily the same as one another. Although the nozzle unit 100 is partitioned into five regions in the present embodiment, it may be partitioned into fewer than or more than five regions.
In spite of the partitioning of the nozzle unit 100, the nozzle unit casing 102 is integrally formed and is not partitioned.
As the nozzle unit 100 is partitioned into a plurality of regions, the nozzle casing 400 and the fuel supply section 500 are also partitioned together. That is, the nozzle casing 400 may consist of a plurality of separately formed nozzle casings according to region, which may be referred to as a corresponding plurality of sectors of the nozzle casing 400. Similarly, the fuel supply section 500 may consist of a plurality of separately provided fuel supply sections each with its own independent fuel supply path established according to region as a result of the radial partitioning.
By the partitioning as described above, each of the nozzles 300 is supplied with fuel from the independent fuel supply path of the fuel supply section 500. That is, any nozzle has a fuel supply path separated from that of the other nozzles.
Each of the nozzles 300 has a cylindrical shape over most of its axial length and is inserted into the associated nozzle casing 400 whose axial length does not necessarily coincide with that of the inserted nozzle 300. Accordingly, a portion of the inserted nozzle 300 may protrude from the nozzle casing 400.
Hereinafter, each component of the nozzle 300 will be described in detail.
With reference to FIGS. 3-6, the nozzle 300 includes a cylindrical outer tube 310 which is open at both ends, a cylindrical inner tube 320 which is concentrically disposed in the cavity of the outer tube 310 and has one closed end facing the combustion chamber 200, and a swirler 330 having an inner side coupled to the outer peripheral surface of the inner tube 320 and an outer side coupled to the inner peripheral surface of the outer tube 310. Thus, the swirler 330 is disposed in a space between opposing surfaces of the outer and inner tubes 310 and 320.
The outer tube 310 defines the external appearance of the nozzle 300, and fuel is supplied to the nozzle 300 through the outer peripheral surface of the outer tube 310.
The inner tube 320 has a center coinciding with the outer tube 310 and is fixed in the cavity of the outer tube 310. The inner tube 320 may be supported by the swirler 330 positioned between the outer tube 310 and the inner tube 320.
The swirler 330 serves to inject fuel and simultaneously to facilitate the mixing of the injected fuel and air. As illustrated in FIG. 6, the swirler 330 includes a swirler plenum 332 as a space in which fuel resides, a swirler opening 334 for delivering fuel to the swirler plenum 332, and a fuel injection port 336 for injecting fuel from the swirler plenum 332 into the space between the outer and inner tubes 310 and 320.
The swirler plenum 332 is filled with fuel delivered from the swirler opening 334. In this case, the swirler opening 334 may have a shape and size corresponding to the swirler plenum 332 for uniform distribution of fuel. The swirler opening 334 is formed on the side where the swirler 330 is coupled to the outer tube 310.
The fuel injection port 336 is formed on at least one side of the swirler 330 to inject fuel toward the space between the outer tube 310 and the inner tube 320. In one swirler 330, the fuel injection port 336 may consist of a plurality of fuel injection ports having different sizes.
Hereinafter, the structure and operation of the nozzle casing 400 according to the first embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 8A and 9A.
The entire nozzle casing 400, that is, the structure including all the radially portioned regions, has a cylindrical shape, but each of the separately formed nozzle casings has a pie-shaped cross section that includes a concave inner arc corresponding to a convex outer arc of the outer peripheral surface of the nozzle casing 400, and a pair of straight sides respectively connecting the concave inner arc and the convex outer arc and forming the angle created by the radial partitioning of the regions of the nozzle unit 100.
Each nozzle casing 400 has openings formed at both ends for insertion of the associated nozzle 300.
The nozzle casing 400 includes a partition wall 411 separating its internal space into two spaces, namely, a fuel plenum 410 and an air plenum 420. The partition wall 411 is disposed in a direction perpendicular to the axial direction of the nozzle casing 400 and extends over a cross-section of the nozzle casing 400 excluding an opening for insertion of the nozzle 300. Thus, complete spatial separation between the fuel plenum 410 and the air plenum 420 is achieved only when the nozzle 300 is inserted into the nozzle casing 400. In other words, when the nozzle 300 is inserted into the nozzle casing 400, it is impossible for fuel to flow between the fuel plenum 410 and the air plenum 420.
As illustrated in FIGS. 3 and 5, the fuel plenum 410 is located toward the fuel supply section 500 and occupies a position in the nozzle casing 400 on the side opposite to the combustion chamber 200. The air plenum 420 occupies a position in the nozzle casing 400 on the side facing the combustion chamber 200.
The fuel plenum 410 is a space in which the fuel delivered from the fuel supply section 500 resides, and fuel is uniformly distributed throughout the space. The fuel plenum 410 allows a uniform amount of fuel to be supplied to the nozzle 300.
The air plenum 420 is a space in which some of the air delivered from the compressor resides, and at least one first opening 422 is formed in the outer peripheral surface of the nozzle casing 400 at a position so as to communicate with the air plenum 420. Thus, air may be introduced into the air plenum 420 through the first opening 422. In this case, the first opening 422 may consist of a plurality of first openings having different sizes. However, in spite of the first opening 422, most of the air delivered from the compressor to the combustor is supplied to the nozzle 300.
The air plenum 420 has one end facing the combustion chamber 200, and a plate 440 formed with a hole 441 is disposed in the air plenum 420 toward the end facing the combustion chamber 200. Since the plate 440 is exposed to high-temperature combustion gas, it is necessary to cool the plate 440 for preventing its damage. Accordingly, the first opening 422 is formed in an appropriate position and size according to the flow rate of air required to cool the plate 440.
The air plenum 420 is filled with the air introduced through the first opening 422. In this case, due to the difference in temperature between the air residing in the air plenum and that residing in the plate 440, heat is transferred to the air plenum 420 to cool the plate 440. That is, the air plenum 420 serves to cool the plate 440, and the air residing in the air plenum 420 cools the plate 440 and is then discharged to the combustion chamber 200 through the hole 441 of the plate 440.
As illustrated in FIG. 7, the plate 440 may be a multistage plate including a first plate member 442 and a second plate member 444. In the flow direction of air, the first plate member 442 is located upstream and the second plate member 444 is located downstream. That is, air first flows through the first plate member 442. Then, the air impinges on the second plate member 444 after passing through the hole 441 of the first plate member 442 and flows to the combustion chamber 200 through the hole 441 of the second plate member 444. In this case, the holes formed in the first and second plates 442 and 444 are staggered so as not to coincide with each other in the flow direction of air. However, in some cases, the first plate member 442 may be omitted such that air in the air plenum 420 first impinges on the second plate member 444. That is, in some cases, the plate 440 may not include the first plate member 442 and may include only the second plate member 444 disposed toward the combustion chamber 200.
The fuel supply section 500 supplies fuel to the nozzle 300 and is coupled to the outer peripheral surface of the nozzle casing 400. The fuel supply section 500 includes a first fuel supply pipe 510, a fuel channel 520, and a second fuel supply pipe 530.
The first fuel supply pipe 510 is directly coupled to the outer peripheral surface of the nozzle casing 400 for each region of the nozzle unit 100. That is, the number of first fuel supply pipes 510 may be greater than or equal to the number of nozzles 300.
The fuel channel 520 has an arc shape corresponding to the angle created by the radial partitioning of the regions of the nozzle unit 100 and is spaced apart from the outer peripheral surface of the nozzle casing 400 by a certain distance. The nozzle casing 400 and the fuel channel 520 are respectively connected to opposite ends of the first fuel supply pipe 510. The fuel channel 520 has a space in which fuel stays. That is, the fuel channel 520 serves not to simply supply fuel but to temporarily hold fuel and appropriately control the flow rate, the pressure, or the like thereof for the uniform distribution of the fuel supplied to the nozzle 300.
The second fuel supply pipe 530 supplies fuel to the fuel channel 520. The second fuel supply pipe 530 may be connected to the outer peripheral surface of the fuel channel 520 and may extend from the fuel channel 520 in the radial (FIG. 3) or radial (FIG. 4) direction of the nozzle unit 100.
In the nozzle unit 100 as described above, the fuel delivery path is as follows.
First, the fuel is uniformly distributed in the fuel channel 520 where it resides after having passed through the second fuel supply pipe 530. The fuel is delivered from the fuel channel 520 to the fuel plenum 410 through the first fuel supply pipe 510 and becomes uniformly distributed in the fuel plenum 410 where it subsequently resides. The fuel is then delivered from the fuel plenum 410 to the swirler plenum 332 through the swirler opening 334. Finally, the fuel is injected from the swirler plenum 332 through the fuel injection port 336 into the space between the outer and inner tubes 310 and 320. The injected fuel is mixed with air to become a mixed gas, and the mixed gas is burned in the combustion chamber 200. In this case, the swirler 330 functions to facilitate the uniform mixing of fuel and air.
In the nozzle unit 100, the delivery path of air compressed by the compressor is as follows.
The air flowing from the compressor to the combustor passes through the space between the nozzle casing 400 and the nozzle unit casing 102. When the flowing air reaches the upper end of the nozzle unit 100, its flow direction is reversed by 180 degrees to be introduced into the nozzle 300. The air introduced into the nozzle 300 is mixed with the fuel injected from the swirler 330 located in the space within the nozzle so that the mixture is injected into the combustion chamber 200.
In this case, some of the air flowing through the space between the nozzle casing 400 and the nozzle unit casing 102 is drawn through the first opening 422 into the air plenum 420 as described above. The air introduced into the air plenum 420 serves to cool the plate 440 as described above.
The operation and effect according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure are as follows.
As the nozzle unit 100 is partitioned radially into a plurality of regions, the nozzle unit 100 can be easily assembled and disassembled. In addition, when the maintenance of the nozzle 300 or the like is required for a certain region among the plurality of regions, only that region can be separated, thereby improving the convenience of the maintenance.
Since the fuel supply section 500 is located at the relatively wide periphery of the nozzle unit 100 rather than in the smaller area of its central portion, the design of the fuel supply path is simplified.
Since the distribution of fuel is uniformly maintained by the fuel plenum 410, the amount of injected fuel is constant regardless of the position so that fuel and air is smoothly mixed.
Since the distribution of air is uniformly maintained by the air plenum 420, the nozzle 300 can be effectively cooled.

Second Embodiment

According to the second embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 8B and 9B, a nozzle casing 400′ includes an upper side where a fuel plenum is located and a lower side where an air plenum is located, the air plenum having a predetermined thickness. That is, the fuel plenum and the air plenum are spaced apart from each other, and the nozzle casing 400′ does not occupy the interceding space.
The structure and role of the fuel plenum in the second embodiment are the same as those in the first embodiment. However, the second embodiment differs from the first embodiment in that the air plenum is reduced in height to occupy only a portion of the lower side of the nozzle unit 100. The air plenum of the second embodiment has at least one first opening 422′ formed in its outer peripheral surface and at least one second opening 404′ formed so as face in the axial direction of the nozzle 300. Here, the air plenum of the second embodiment has an upper wall facing the fuel plenum, and the second opening 404′ is formed in the upper wall so as to face toward the fuel plenum. The second opening 404′ may consist of a plurality of second openings having different sizes. The second opening 404′ may be provided to the nozzle casing 400′ in addition to the first opening 422′ or in lieu of the first opening 422′.
The air delivery path according to the structure of the nozzle casing 400′ will be described with reference to FIG. 9B.
As in the first embodiment, the air flowing from the compressor to the combustor according to the second embodiment passes through the space between the nozzle casing 400′ and the nozzle unit casing 102. In the case of the second embodiment, however, since the nozzle casing 400′ is formed only on upper and lower sides of the nozzle 300, the air flowing from the compressor is in direct contact with the outer tube 310 as it continues to flow upward. When the flowing air reaches the upper end of the nozzle unit 100, its flow direction is reversed by 180 degrees to be introduced into the nozzle 300. Before its introduction into the nozzle unit 100, however, some the air passing over the outer tube 310 flows downward and is drawn into the air plenum through the second opening 404′. Lastly, as described in relation to the first embodiment, air residing in the air plenum cools the plate 440 exposed to high-temperature combustion gas and is discharged to the combustion chamber 200 through the hole 441 of the plate 440.
With reference to FIGS. 9A and 9B, the operation and effect according to the second embodiment of the present disclosure will be described by its comparison with the first embodiment.
In the first embodiment, the nozzle casing 400 surrounds most of the outer peripheral surface of the nozzle 300. The flow of air upward is not uniform in the circumferential direction of a given sector of the nozzle casing 400. Due to this non-uniform flow of air when the air is introduced into the inlet of the nozzle 300, the degree of mixing of air and fuel in the nozzle is poor, resulting in an increase in NOx, the level of which is a major factor in the performance of the combustor.
On the other hand, in the second embodiment, the nozzle casing 400′ is present only on a portion of the periphery of the nozzle 300, namely, on the upper and lower sides of the nozzle 300. Thus, most of the outer peripheral surface of the nozzle 300 is subject to an open space that is uniformly filled with the air compressed by the compressor by a uniform distribution of the air being introduced into the inlet of the nozzle 300. Therefore, with the open space acting as a plenum upstream of the inlet of the nozzle 300, since air and fuel are uniformly mixed in the nozzle, the performance of the combustor is enhanced.

Third Embodiment

According to the third embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 8C and 9C, a nozzle casing 400″ includes a fuel plenum having an annular shape corresponding to the nozzle 300. The fuel plenum of the third embodiment has a shape different from that of the first and second embodiments whose fuel plenums have the same shape as the given sector of the nozzle casing 400. Thus, the overall volume of the fuel plenum of the third embodiment may be somewhat reduced.
First and second openings 422″ and 404″ formed in the air plenum are the same as those described in the second embodiment.
The operation and effect according to the third embodiment of the present disclosure are as follows.
Since the fuel plenum of the third embodiment has a circular cross-section rather than that of the pie shape of the above-described embodiments, a uniform distribution of fuel can be expected in the fuel plenum of the nozzle casing 400″ over its entire circumference. Slight variations in the flow of air may exist, but the third embodiment can have an effect similar to that described for the second embodiment.
In addition, the fuel plenum 410 of the present disclosure may further include a fuel conditioner (described later) as a means for guiding the path of fuel in order to control the fuel's flow rate, pressure, directionality, or the like. Such a fuel conditioner may be provided to achieve improved uniformity at the fuel injection port 336. A fuel conditioner disposed between the outer tube 310 and the fuel supply section 500 can achieve uniform distribution of fuel at the fuel plenum 410 and the swirler plenum 332 and uniform injection of fuel at each of the fuel injection ports 336. According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the fuel conditioner disposed between the outer tube 310 and the fuel supply section 500 is formed in the fuel plenum 410, which forms an upper space of the nozzle casing 400, and is disposed along a circumferential direction of the nozzle 300. Thus, an annular passage for the fuel to flow through is formed between the fuel conditioner and the outer tube 310 of the nozzle 300, which are spaced apart from each other.
In the below description of embodiments of the fuel conditioner, it should be understood that terms implying relative directionality, including “upper side,” “lower side,” “upward,” “downward,” and the like, refer to directions in the drawings for convenience of description only. That is, such terms are not necessarily intended to convey a meaning of absolute directions in the embodiments of the present disclosure.

Fourth Embodiment

As illustrated in FIG. 10A, the fourth embodiment of the present disclosure includes a fuel conditioner 412 a disposed between the outer tube 310 and the fuel supply section 500. The fuel conditioner 412 a extends from an upper side (e.g., a first side) of the fuel plenum 410 toward a lower side (e.g., a second side opposite to the first side) of the fuel plenum 410, such that the fuel conditioner 412 a includes an open lower side.
In this configuration, fuel from the fuel supply section 500 impinges on the fuel conditioner 412 a to be directed downward toward its open lower side. The fuel, passing through the open lower side of the fuel conditioner 412 a between the outer tube 310 and the fuel supply section 500, then flows upward in a first passage 414 a between the fuel conditioner 412 a and the outer tube 310 before entering the swirler plenum 332.

Fifth Embodiment

As illustrated in FIG. 10B, the fifth embodiment of the present disclosure includes a fuel conditioner 412 aa disposed between the outer tube 310 and the fuel supply section 500. The fuel conditioner 412 aa extends from a lower side of the fuel plenum 410 toward an upper side of the fuel plenum 410, such that the fuel conditioner 412 aa includes an open upper side between the outer tube 310 and the fuel supply section 500.
In this configuration, fuel from the fuel supply section 500 impinges on the fuel conditioner 412 aa to be directed upward toward its open upper side. The fuel, passing through the open upper side of the fuel conditioner 412 aa between the outer tube 310 and the fuel supply section 500, then flows downward in a first passage 414 aa between the fuel conditioner 412 aa and the outer tube 310 before entering the swirler plenum 332.
FIG. 10C schematically illustrates the fuel conditioner configuration according to the fourth and fifth embodiments when viewed from the top. That is, the fuel conditioner 412 a (412 aa) is located outside the outer tube 310 defining the external appearance of the nozzle 300, and fuel flows into the first passage 414 a (414 aa) between the fuel conditioner 412 a (412 aa) and the outer tube 310.

Sixth Embodiment

As illustrated in FIG. 11A, the sixth embodiment of the present disclosure includes a fuel conditioner 412 b disposed between the outer tube 310 and the fuel supply section 500. The fuel conditioner 412 b extends from an upper side of the fuel plenum 410 toward a lower side of the fuel plenum 410, such that the fuel conditioner 412 b includes an open lower side. In this embodiment, the fuel conditioner 412 b includes a bend at its lower end and an extension 413 b that extends from the bend, inwardly, toward a surface of the outer tube 310. That is, the extension 413 b does not contact the outer tube 310. The extension 413 b defines a second passage 414 b as an inlet to a space that is arranged on a downstream side of the fuel conditioner 412 b and communicates with the swirler plenum 332.
In this configuration, fuel from the fuel supply section 500 impinges on the fuel conditioner 412 b to be directed downward toward its open lower side. The fuel, passing through the open lower side of the fuel conditioner 412 b and passing over the extension 413 b, then flows upward through the second passage 414 b in order to enter the swirler plenum 332.

Seventh Embodiment

As illustrated in FIG. 11B, the seventh embodiment of the present disclosure includes a fuel conditioner 412 bb disposed between the outer tube 310 and the fuel supply section 500. The fuel conditioner 412 bb extends from a lower side of the fuel plenum 410 toward an upper side of the fuel plenum 410, such that the fuel conditioner 412 bb includes an open upper side. In this embodiment, the fuel conditioner 412 b includes a bend at its upper end and an extension 413 bb that extends from the bend, inwardly, toward a surface of the outer tube 310. That is, the extension 413 bb does not contact the outer tube 310. The extension 413 bb defines a second passage 414 bb as an inlet to a space that is arranged on a downstream side of the fuel conditioner 412 bb and communicates with the swirler plenum 332.
In this configuration, fuel from the fuel supply section 500 impinges on the fuel conditioner 412 bb to be directed upward toward its open upper side. The fuel, passing through the open upper side of the fuel conditioner 412 b and passing over the extension 413 bb, then flows downward through the second passage 414 bb in order to enter the swirler plenum 332.
FIGS. 11C to 11H schematically illustrate the fuel conditioner configuration according to the sixth and seventh embodiments when viewed from the top. That is, the fuel conditioner 412 b (412 bb) is located outside the outer tube 310 defining the external appearance of the nozzle 300. Entry to the space behind the second passage 414 b (414 bb) is partially blocked by the extension 413 b (413 bb), which may vary in size along the circumferential direction of the outer tube 310. The second passage 414 b (414 bb) may have variously shaped cross sections and may, for example, be an annular passage (e.g., FIG. 11C), be formed such that straight sides connect at an angle (e.g., FIGS. 11D, 11E, 11G), be formed such that straight sides are connected by a curved shape (e.g., FIG. 11F), or be formed only of curved sides (e.g., FIG. 11H). In addition to the configurations illustrated in FIGS. 11C to 11H, the second passage 414 b (414 bb) may be variously embodied within the technical scope of the present disclosure.

Eighth Embodiment

As illustrated in FIG. 12A, the eighth embodiment of the present disclosure includes a fuel conditioner 412 c disposed between the outer tube 310 and the fuel supply section 500. The fuel conditioner 412 c extends from an upper side of the fuel plenum 410 toward a lower side of the fuel plenum 410, such that the fuel conditioner 412 c includes an open lower side. In this embodiment, the fuel conditioner 412 c includes a bend at its lower end; a first extension 413 c that extends from the bend, inwardly, toward a surface of the outer tube 310; and a second extension 415 c that protrudes from the surface of the outer tube 310 to face the first extension 413 c. Here, the second extension 415 c does not contact the first extension 413 c. Together, the first and second extensions 413 c and 415 c define a third passage 414 c as an inlet to a space that is arranged on a downstream side of the fuel conditioner 412 c and communicates with the swirler plenum 332.
In this configuration, fuel from the fuel supply section 500 impinges on the fuel conditioner 412 c to be directed downward toward its open lower side. The fuel passes through the open lower side of the fuel conditioner 412 c and the third passage 414 c and continues upward in order to enter the swirler plenum 332.

Ninth Embodiment

As illustrated in FIG. 12B, the ninth embodiment of the present disclosure includes a fuel conditioner 412 cc disposed between the outer tube 310 and the fuel supply section 500. The fuel conditioner 412 cc extends from a lower side of the fuel plenum 410 toward an upper side of the fuel plenum 410, such that the fuel conditioner 412 cc includes an open upper side. In this embodiment, the fuel conditioner 412 cc includes a bend at its upper end; a first extension 413 cc that extends from the bend, inwardly, toward a surface of the outer tube 310; and a second extension 415 cc that protrudes from the surface of the outer tube 310 to face the first extension 413 cc. Here, the second extension 415 cc does not contact the first extension 413 cc. Together, the first and second extensions 413 cc and 415 cc define a third passage 414 cc as an inlet to a space that is arranged on a downstream side of the fuel conditioner 412 cc and communicates with the swirler plenum 332.
In this configuration, fuel from the fuel supply section 500 impinges on the fuel conditioner 412 cc to be directed upward toward its open upper side. The fuel passes through the open upper side of the fuel conditioner 412 cc and the third passage 414 cc and continues downward in order to enter the swirler plenum 332.
FIGS. 12C to 12H schematically illustrate the fuel conditioner configuration according to the eight and ninth embodiments when viewed from the top. That is, the fuel conditioner 412 c (412 cc) is located outside the outer tube 310 defining the external appearance of the nozzle 300. Entry to the space behind the third passage 414 c (414 cc) is partially blocked by the first and second extensions 413 c and 415 c (413 cc and 415 cc), one or both of which may vary in size along the circumferential direction of the outer tube 310. The third passage 414 c (414 cc) may have variously shaped cross sections and may, for example, be an annular passage (e.g., FIG. 12C), or be circular (e.g., FIG. 12D) or polygonal (e.g., FIGS. 12E-12H). In the embodiments of FIGS. 12D through FIG. 12H, the first and second extensions 413 c and 415 c (413 cc and 415 cc) effectively form an integral extension that extends to the outer tube 310. In addition to the configurations illustrated in FIGS. 12C to 12H, the third passage 414 c (414 cc) may be variously embodied within the technical scope of the present disclosure.
According to the fourth to ninth embodiments of the present disclosure described above, the fuel conditioner is formed to interfere with the linear flow of fuel, with the consequence that the flow rate of the fuel is reduced while the fuel flows through a passage having a serpentine configuration. Therefore, the distribution of the fuel drawn into the swirler plenum 332 can be maintained uniformly. Furthermore, when the fuel is injected through the fuel injection ports 336, it is possible to prevent a variation in the fuel's flow rate, pressure, or the like for each of the fuel injection ports 336.
In addition, it is possible to easily assemble and disassemble the nozzle by radially partitioning the nozzle and associated components into a plurality of regions in the combustor for a gas turbine according to the present disclosure.
In addition, it is possible to simplify the fuel supply path by supplying fuel from the outer periphery of the nozzle and utilizing a wide space. Therefore, it is possible to minimize the leakage of fuel.
Furthermore, since spaces are provided in which fuel and air can reside, it is possible to improve uniformity in the distribution of fuel and air. Therefore, the combustion is smoothly performed.
While the present disclosure has been described with respect to the specific embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure as defined in the following claims.

Claims

What is claimed is:

1. A combustor comprising:

a combustion chamber;

a nozzle supplied with fuel and air to produce a mixed gas of the fuel and the air and configured to inject the mixed gas into the combustion chamber;

a fuel supply section coupled to the nozzle casing and configured to supply the fuel to the nozzle; and

a fuel conditioner that includes a fuel flow path having a serpentine shape and is disposed between the fuel supply section and the nozzle, the fuel conditioner configured to guide the fuel supplied from the fuel supply section to the nozzle along the fuel flow path.

2. The combustor according to claim 1, wherein the fuel conditioner is disposed along a circumferential direction of the nozzle.

3. The combustor according to claim 1, further comprising:

a nozzle casing having an opening into which the nozzle is inserted,

wherein the fuel supply section is coupled to an outer peripheral surface of the nozzle casing.

4. The combustor according to claim 3,

wherein the fuel conditioner extends from an inner surface of a first side of the nozzle casing toward a second side of the nozzle casing opposite to the first side, and

wherein the fuel conditioner and the nozzle casing are spaced apart from each other to form a first passage through which fuel may flow to the nozzle.

5. The combustor according to claim 4,

wherein the nozzle comprises an outer tube having a cylindrical shape and defining an external appearance of the nozzle, and

wherein the fuel conditioner further comprises a bend formed at one end and a first extension that extends from the bend toward the outer tube.

6. The combustor according to claim 5,

wherein the surface of the outer tube and the first extension form a second passage through which fuel may flow to the nozzle.

7. The combustor according to claim 5, wherein the first extension is formed to vary in size along a circumferential direction of the outer tube.

8. The combustor according to claim 7,

wherein the first extension includes at least one portion that extends to a surface of the outer tube and at least one portion that does extend to the surface of the outer tube, and

wherein the surface of the outer tube and the at least one portion that does not extend to the surface of the outer tube form a second passage through which fuel may flow to the nozzle.

9. The combustor according to claim 8, wherein the second passage consists of a plurality of second passages formed at positions spaced apart from each other along the circumferential direction of the outer tube.

10. The combustor according to claim 9, wherein the plurality of second passages are spaced apart from each other at a predetermined interval.

11. The combustor according to claim 9, wherein each of the plurality of second passages has a polygon shape one side of which is formed by the surface of the outer tube.

12. The combustor according to claim 5,

wherein the fuel conditioner further comprises a second extension that extends from the outer tube toward the first extension, and

wherein the first and second extensions form a third passage through which fuel may flow to the nozzle.

13. The combustor according to claim 5,

wherein the fuel conditioner further comprises a second extension that extends from the outer tube toward the first extension,

wherein the second extension surface and the at least one portion that does not extend to the surface of the outer tube form a third passage through which fuel may flow to the nozzle.

14. The combustor according to claim 13, wherein the third passage consists of a plurality of third passages formed at positions spaced apart from each other along the circumferential direction of the outer tube.

15. The combustor according to claim 14, wherein the plurality of third passages are spaced apart from each other at a predetermined interval.

16. The combustor according to claim 1, wherein the fuel flow path of the fuel conditioner includes a first end and a second end and communicates at the first end with the fuel supply section and communicates at the second end with a swirler opening formed in an outer tube of the nozzle.

17. A combustor comprising:

a nozzle configured to mix fuel and air and eject mixed gas, the nozzle including an outer tube having a cylindrical shape and defining an external appearance of the nozzle;

a combustion chamber in which the mixed gas ejected from the nozzle is combusted;

a fuel supply section coupled to the nozzle casing and configured to supply the fuel to the nozzle;

a fuel conditioner that includes a fuel flow path having a serpentine shape and is disposed between the fuel supply section and the nozzle, the fuel conditioner configured to guide the fuel supplied from the fuel supply section to the nozzle along the fuel flow path; and

a nozzle casing having an opening into which the nozzle is inserted,

wherein the fuel supply section is coupled to an outer peripheral surface of the nozzle casing, and the nozzle includes an outer tube having a cylindrical shape and defining an external appearance of the nozzle.

18. The combustor according to claim 17,

19. The combustor according to claim 18,

wherein the nozzle comprises an outer tube having a cylindrical shape and defining an external appearance of the nozzle,

wherein the fuel conditioner further comprises a bend formed at one end and a first extension that extends from the bend toward the outer tube, and

wherein the surface of the outer tube and the first extension form a second passage through which fuel may flow to the first passage.

20. A gas turbine comprising at least one combustor, each of the at least one combustor comprising:

a combustion chamber;