US2019327A - Driving-locking mechanism - Google Patents

Description

Oct. 29, 1935, G, E sw z 2,019,327

I DRIVING LOCKING MECHANISM Filed March 23,- 1931 Patented Oct. 29, 1935 UNI TE D S S PATENT- QF F IQE 2,019,327 DRIVING-LOCKING MECHANISM Guy E. Swartz, DetroitQMich.

Application :March 23; 1931, Serial 'No.52i,638f* 17 Claims: (01.192-8) Topnovide lockingmembers which engage both endszofilockingshoesr 111% To zrprovidezimeansfor. eliminating gexcessive wedging forzeasyrelease of the lock;

To :provide. means for compensative action of locking :shoes: and locking members;

To? provide locking-members each of which enzofiigagemmorer than :one' looking shoe.

Other-objectswilllappear in this specification oirzwillcbecome".obvious-or apparent or will suggestzthemselvesauponaninspection of this specificaizlcmand the accompanying drawing.v 251: In locking mechanismszof prior devices-of'the naimrwshown and described in this application, flockingimeans are used; which depend upon wedge ing:'to.-efiect: locking;

Duringizthe use: of such devices, or when work SO 'muSkbescIamped verytight, this wedging is increased-to-such an extent that it becomes difficult to =re1easecthe :lockwhen work is to be'released from theadevice. because .the faces which operate the. locking-members are: tangent to an arc of afi largemadiusrand the locking members are placed substantiallyflonra radical axis of the device,

When the rotatable-memberstarts to rotate, the

wedge :=members;-.particularly round rollers, first move laterally along these faces and, dueto their clc'se;inclinationtoithe circular face of the bore imthemasing'doso move a considerable distance butaefiectronlyta:slightradial or locking move-.-

ment .of-rthelocking members. and do produce a heavy swedging.1of.:the. locking. member between the face ofvthe bore'; and the face-on-the rotat able? member. lniathiseinventionpthe locking members :are

' plaoedror locatedra considerable distance at one.

sidezofca radialaxisof the'device and those faces onsthesrotatable: member which contact the-lockingimember's'are-tangent to an arc of shortrradius sosthatathexsame actzontherlocking member more s uarelyzgand more" directly-toward the locking shoes :and: toward thesface of; therbore in the 55 casingm Withthis structure I attain a locking move ment of the shoes with a minimum lateral-movement .of the locking members on the faceswhich contact them and therefore a minimum of rotative movement of themember-having these-faces 5 and-consequently a minimum of rotative movement of :the.rotatable-memberis required to effect lockingsand thatfeature is very desirable since aslight-rotation of a rotatable member would produce a large locking-action.

Due to thisstructure'there. is .suificient wedgingto retain the lock'but thelockis easily released because the Wedging canneverjbe.excessive;

I attain my objects;bythemechanism shown, inastheaccompanyingztdrawing for illustrative but 16" notwfor. limitative purposes: in which drawing:-

Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a-tool guiding jigxhavingua "driving-locking mechanism of my invention embodied therein.

Fig. 2 is a transverse section taken on the line;;- 3-2 in Fig.5..

Fi'g'.t.3 is. a Iragmental section similar to Fig.2 showing-a different disposition of the :face which? contacts the locking member.

Fig-.A is a longitudinal section taken 'on'the .251 lined-+4: in. Fig. 2.

Fig. 5 is a longitudinal section taken on the. line 5-.=-5 in Fig. 2.

Fig. 6 is a perspective view'of the driving mem-- her on a smaller scale;-

Fig.1? is a perspective view of the locking shoes.

Similar reference characters refer :to similar parts throughout the views;

The jig itself vcomprisesthe -m0vable :clamp plateA having the tool .guiding'bushing In there-: 85 in and the two guide posts It depending therefrom and :being guided in: the baseB.

The shaft C is journaled in the base and has, the teeth I2 in mesh with corresponding teeth on the posts-ll so that a rotation of the shaft 10m moves the posts longitudinally and thereby moves the plate A-toward and away from the base for clamping and unclamping of work.-

The casing :D is fixed on the base andis unrotatable and has-thei circular bore l3 concentric w: with the axis of the shaft C-Which has the end l4 extending into the casing.

The-member or-disk E is keyed onto the shait end It so that the same rotates withthe shaft and: the shaft rotates with the disk according to 1 which one of these partsis rotated.

Thedriving slots 15, three-in the -pr,esent'instance, equally spaced and all of thesame size} are providedin the outer surface of the-disk- E and extend alltheway across the same-although 557? .xrow and the surplus lubricant needs to travel they could extend inwardly from one end only sufliciently deep for the driving prongs described below. The spaces not occupied by the driving prongs being used for lubrication storage purposes.

The grooves IE also extend all the way across the disk and are also equally spaced and of the same size.

The outer circumferential surface of the disk is concentric with the axis of the shaft.

The locking shoes F, three in number in this instance, each has the circular surface I! of a curvature suitable to the curvature of the bore in the casing. The locking shoes are of sufiicient length to substantially extend all the way around on the surface of the bore; there being only a narrow space l8 between the ends thereof.

Each of the shoes has the bevel surfaces IS on each end thereof and also has the driving slot 28 in the inner surface thereof and extending transversely of the shoe to accommodate the driving prongs described below.

The grooves 2i prevent the formation of such a film and thereby reduce if not entirely overcome these disadvantages in that there usually is some endwise movement of the shoes which tends to scrape excessive lubricant from the bore in the casing and deposit the same in the grooves and furthermore, if the walls of the grooves did Eliot so scrape off this surplus lubricant, the radial movement of the shoes will squeeze it out from between the contacting surfaces and into the grooves since the individual contacting surfaces on the shoes are each comparatively naronly a very short distance to reach the groove for disposition thereof.

Furthermore, applicant has found that the provision of the grooves provides a much better grip- .ping effect between shoes and a surface contacted by the same independent of lubricant.

The invention provides for profuse lubrication without detrimental effects to the gripping of the shoes so that bushings and the like can be eliminated and the shoes can operate directly on the material of the casing, usually a cast material.

I prefer to use the shoes directly against the casing material, to bore the casing fairly smooth, without grinding, and let the shoes and the bore Wear to a seat and thereby get better gripping results than with ground contacting surfaces and reduce cost of production.

The shoes are journaled loosely in the bore l3 and may be journaled loosely on the outer surface 22 of the disk E or may be spaced therefrom so that there is no wedging of the shoes between inclined surfaces.

The three locking members G, duplicate round rollers in this instance and equally spaced, each longitudinally abuts the faces IQ of two adjacent shoes and also abuts the face 23 of the groove l6.

Each of the faces 23 is tangent to the roller contacting thereon and is not at right angles to a radial axis drawn from the axis of the shaft through the axis of the roller but is inclined in such a manner that a rotative movement of the disk acts as squarely as possible on the roller to move the same toward the shoes to move the shoes toward the face of the bore. But this inclination should not be carried to a point where it will be so steep that the below described spring will not hold the rollers in looking position upon a reverse rotative pressure on the disk.

The disposition of the face 23 shown in Fig. 2

has been found very satisfactory to create the necessary locking movement of the shoes as well as effectively retaining the rollers in looking position and to be easily released by movement of the operating handle.

The inclination of the face 23 shown in Fig. 3 is greater than that in Fig. 2. This change moves the rollers more squarely toward the shoes but diminishes the retaining of the rollers and the lock is more easily released than in Fig. 2. This inclination of the face 23 is preferable when heavy locking and easy release is desired and there is less pressure to rotate the disk reversely than the inclination of the face 23 shown in Fig. 2.

With the structure described, the rollers can be advanced further in the direction of the arrow than in the prior devices and thereby attain the long sought effect of effective locking with a minimum of wedging against release of the lock. I)

The springs 24 are mounted in the disk and extend into the grooves and against the corresponding one of the rollers and normally hold the rollers against the faces l9 and also against the faces 23 since the shoes can move circularly in the bore and can adapt themselves automatically to the rollers on the faces 23. This structure provides for compensation all around and effective locking of the mechanism.

The driving or operating member H, operated by the handle I, has three equally spaced driving prongs 25 extending into the driving slots I5, is journaled on the shaft 0 and also in the bore 53 and also in the head J which closes the casing and is secured thereto by means of the screws 26.

Normally, the springs 24 retain the rollers against the faces 23 and l9, l9, the shoes are individually movable to adjust themselves compensatingly to the rollers and the rollers can roll on the faces 23 to compensatingly adjust themselves 40%;

to the faces l9, l9 and 23 so that the entire locking mechanism is compensating and normally locks the disk against rotation in either direction in any rotative position thereof to which the handle has moved the same.

Upon movement of the handle in the direction indicated by the arrow thereon and on thedisk, the handle first rotates on the shaft taking up lost motion until the faces 2'! on the prongs 25 contact the walls 28 of the slots [5 whereupon .a continuation of that handle movement rotates the disk which, in turn, moves the springs circularly and thereby moves the rollers and the shoes circularly in the same direction and also rotates the shaft and thereby moves the clamping member toward a clamping position thereof.

During this circular movement of the shoes, the springs tend to hold the shoes against the bore and thereby create friction between the shoes and the bore which friction tends to hold 50;"?

the shoes back and against the circularly moving rollers and the action of the springs and thereby retarding the rollers sufficiently to release the locking friction between the shoes and the bore for easy circular movement of the shoes. 65

When this movement has continued until'the clamping plate contacts an article for'clamping, there is a resistance against further movement of the clamping plate and consequently to further rotation of the shaft and the disk thereon. 70

A continuation of the same operation by the handle, with clamping pressure applied to the handle, creates a clamping pressure between the clamping plate and the article and puts the entire mechanism under some tension with. the 75 springs always forcing the rollers and the shoes into locking positions compensatingly so that each takes its own share of the locking and all of the shoes are in locking position and the mechanism is effectively locked against reverse rotation at the instant when the handle stops operating.

The tension in the mechanism normally retains the locking during an operation on the article.

When additional pressure is brought upon the clamping plate in an article unclamping direction, a rotative pressure is brought upon the shaft and the disk tending to rotate the same reversely of the arrow.

Such tendency to rotate tends to move the faces 23 and the rollers thereon toward the shoes and thereby strengthening the locking of the shoes in the bore and an actual reverse rotative movement of the shaft and the disk increases the locking.

Upon a movement of the handle, reversely of the arrow, the faces 29'on the prongs contact the walls 30 of the slots 20, then moves the shoes circularly and thereby moves the rollers out of their wedged or looking position and then contacts the faces 29- on the faces 3| of the slots l for reverse or unclamping movement of the clamping plate.

When the handle is standing still in any position thereof, the springs 24 at once effect an automatic locking of the mechanism which is automatically released upon a movement of the handle in either direction.

Each of the shoes can move rotatively individually of the other shoes so that each can move compensatingly in relation to the others. Each roller engages two of the shoes at the ends there- 'of through bevel faces so that all of the shoes are moved radially in an expanding manner and all of the shoes are contacted on the casing equally or with the same force and the entire contacting'surface ll engages the wall of the casing 'since'the support of the shoes is located at each end thereof and there is no possibility of the shoes tilting or otherwise preventing full contact of the surface I! on the wall of the casing.

The device shown and described attains the objects sought to be attained.

I am aware that structural and functional changes can be made in the parts and in the arrangements thereof shown and described within the scope of my invention and the appended claims; therefore, without limiting myself to the precise structure and function and arrangement of parts as shown and described,

I claim:

1. A locking mechanism including a locking shoe normally locking a device against operation, a positionally shiftable locking member positionally shiftable against said shoe, and means to move said locking member toward said shoe for tighter locking thereof upon a tendency of the device to operate reversely. I

2. A locking mechanism including a casing having a bore, a number of locking shoes extending substantially all the way around on the face of said bore and locking members in direct contact on both adjacent ends of adjacent ones of said shoes and mounted resiliently to normally tend to individually move radially outwardly to compensatingly move said shoes toward said face.

3. A locking mechanism including a casing having a bore, locking shoes extending substantially all the way around on the face of said bore, looking members each engaging adjacent ends of adjacent ones of said shoes, anda'spring for each of said locking members normally tending to move the same toward said shoes'to-move'said shoes toward said face.

4. A locking mechanism including a casing having a bore, locking shoes circularly adjacent on the face of said'bore, locking members continually pressed radially outwardly .and eachengaging adjacent ends of adjacent ones'of'said shoes, and a rotatable member having circumfertially inclined faces eachadapted to move one of said locking members radiallyoutwardly with a minimum of bodily movement thereof along the face of said bore.

5. A locking mechanism including a casing having a bore, locking shoes circularly-adjacent on the face of said bore, locking members continually pressed radially outwardly and each engaging adjacent ends of adjacentones of said-shoes, and a rotatable member having circularly inclined faces each adapted to move one-of said'locking members radially outwardly with a minimum of rotative movement of said rotatable member.

6. A locking mechanism including a casing having a bore, .a pair of locking shoes alongthe' face of said bore, a round roller longitudinally against the adjacent ends of said shoes and resiliently mounted to normally move said shoes toward'said faceqand a rotatable member having a surface engaging said roller to further move the same toward said shoes and thereby move said shoes further toward said face upon a rotative movement of the rotatable member.

'7. A locking mechanism including "a casing having a bore, a number of locking shoes "along the face of said bore, a'number of round rollers each engaging the adjacent ends oftwo of said shoes, and a rotatable member having faces engaging said rollers tomove the sametoward' said shoes to move said shoes toward said face upon a rotative movement of the-rotatable member.

8. A driving-locking mechanism including a casing having a bore, locking shoes extending substantially all the way aroundon said bore, locking members against said shoes, a rotatable member having faces abutting said locking members, springs normally tending toretain said shoes and locking members in locking posiiton, and a driving member engaging said rotatable member for rotation thereof in opposite directions and having means to release the lock during the first part of a rotating movement of said driving member.

9. A locking mechanism including a pair of individually movable locking shoes normally locking a device against self operation, a locking member in contact with adjacent ends of each of said pair of shoes, a rotatable locking disk having a face in contact with said locking member and formed to move said locking member against said ends upon .a reverse rotative pressure brought upon said disk. 7

10. A locking mechanism including a pair of individually movable locking shoes normally locking a device against self operation, a locking member in contact with each one of said shoes, and a rotatable member having a face in contact with said locking member and being formed to move said locking member toward said shoes for tighter locking thereof than said normal locking upon a reverse rotative pressure brought upon said rotatable member.

11. A driving-locking mechanismincluding a casing having a bore, a driving shaft for a mechanism to be driven extending into said bore, a disk on and rotatable with said shaft and within said bore and having a slot across the face thereof, .a pair of locking members against the wall of said bore, a roller engagingthe bottom of said slot and one end of each of said locking shoes, a spring normally tending to retain said roller against said ends and said bottom for locking the mechanism, and a driving member engaging said disk to release the lock and rotate said disk for a forward driving movement of said shaft and'engaging said locking members to release the lock and rotate said disk for a reverse driving movement of said shaft.

12. A driving-locking mechanism including a casing having a bore, a driving shaft for a device extending through said casing, a disk on and rotatable with said shaft and located in said bore, a driving member directly engaging said disk to rotate the same in opposite directions, paired locking shoes extending substantially all the way around on said bore, locking members engaging adjacent ends of said shoes, faces on said disk engaging said locking members for movement thereof toward said shoes upon a rotative movement of said disk in one direction, springs normally tending to retain said locking members against said faces and against said shoes and to retain said shoes in engagement with said bore, and means between said driving member and said shoes to release the locking of said shoes upon a movement of said driving member in the same direction.

13. A clamping device including a movable clamping member, a rotatable shaft adapted to move said clamping member, and a locking mechanism for said shaft including an unrotatable casing having a bore, locking shoes extending substantially all the way around on said bore and normally in locking contact thereon, and means on said shaft to move said shoes for increased locking thereof when pressure on said clamping member increases.

14. A clamping device including a movable clamping member, a rotatable shaft in operative connection with said clamping member to move the same upon a rotative movement of the shaft, and a locking mechanism for said shaft including an unrotatable casing having a bore, locking shoes extending substantially all the way around on said bore and normally in looking contact thereon, locking members each engaging adjacent ends of said shoes, and a partof said shaft, and means on saidpart of said shaft to move said locking members against said shoes for increased locking thereof when pressure on said clamping member increases.

15. A clamping device including a movable clamping member and an operating means for the same and a locking mechanism for said operating ,means including circularly spaced shoes normally locking said operating means against rotation by said clamping member and means on said operating means contacting adjacent ends of said shoes and continually pressed radially outwardly to increase the locking of saidshoes with a minimum of movement of said clamping member when pressure thereon increases.

16. A locking mechanism including a casing having a bore, circularly spaced locking shoes adjacent to the face of said bore, a locking member engaging the adjacent ends of said shoes and resiliently mounted to normally hold said shoes against said face, and an operating member having an inclined face to engage and move said locking member to move said shoes into locking contact on said face of the bore upon a movement of the operating member.

17. A driving-locking mechanism comprising, a

casing, a rotatable driven shaft extending into said casing, a disk on and rotatable with said shaft and having a plurality of external slots therein, circularly spaced locking shoes in said casing, each bearing against the inside of the wall of the casing, each having an internal slot therein and each having both ends thereof beveled, a driving member having prongs thereon, each loosely engaging the sides of said external and internal slots according to direction of rotation of said driving member, a locking roller between adjacent ones of said shoes to bear against the beveled ends thereof, and a spring for each of said rollers normally holding the same against said beveledends.

. GUY E. SWARTZ.

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