US20190223992A1 - Kit for measuring vertical dimension for dental restoration - Google Patents
Kit for measuring vertical dimension for dental restoration Download PDFInfo
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- US20190223992A1 US20190223992A1 US15/878,365 US201815878365A US2019223992A1 US 20190223992 A1 US20190223992 A1 US 20190223992A1 US 201815878365 A US201815878365 A US 201815878365A US 2019223992 A1 US2019223992 A1 US 2019223992A1
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- United States
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- base
- vertical dimension
- measurement sheets
- planar member
- measurement
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
- A61C19/00—Dental auxiliary appliances
- A61C19/04—Measuring instruments specially adapted for dentistry
-
- A61K6/10—
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K6/00—Preparations for dentistry
- A61K6/90—Compositions for taking dental impressions
Definitions
- the disclosure of the present patent application relates to dental restoration, and particularly to a kit for measuring a difference between a dental patient's desired vertical dimension and the patient's vertical dimension prior to a dental restoration procedure.
- a dental articulator is a mechanical device to which the maxillary cast and the mandibular cast are fixed, reproducing recorded positions of the mandible in relation to the maxilla.
- An articulator assists in the fabrication of removable prosthodontic appliances (e.g., dentures), fixed prosthodontic restorations (e.g., crowns, bridges, inlays and onlays) and orthodontic appliances.
- the measured vertical dimension may not be the desired vertical dimension. This is particularly true for patients in whom one or more teeth have been ground down, typically due to bruxism, injury or disease. In such cases, the positions recorded by using the articulator will be representative of the patient's present shortened teeth, rather than the patient's teeth with the desired vertical dimension.
- the dentist typically manually adjusts the articulator based on a visual estimate of the desired vertical dimension.
- a visual estimate of the desired vertical dimension In order to provide the patient with the highest level of care, and prevent having to repeat the dental restoration process multiple times, it would obviously be desirable to be able to accurately measure the difference between the patient's desired vertical dimension and the patient's vertical dimension prior to the dental restoration procedure (i.e., with the patient's original worn teeth)
- a kit for measuring vertical dimension for dental restoration solving the aforementioned problems are desired.
- the kit for measuring vertical dimension for dental restoration provides a tool for measuring a difference between a dental patient's desired vertical dimension and the patient's vertical dimension prior to a dental restoration procedure.
- the kit includes a base, a plurality of measurement sheets, and dental impression wax.
- the base includes a planar member having first and second longitudinally opposed ends and opposed upper and lower surfaces.
- the upper surface has at least one longitudinally extending groove formed therein.
- First and second legs extend from the first and second longitudinally opposed ends of the planar member and project downward from the lower surface. The first and second legs are spaced apart to define a gap therebetween.
- Each measurement sheet has opposed upper and lower surfaces, at least one longitudinally extending rib formed on the lower surface thereof, and at least one longitudinally extending groove formed in the upper surface thereof.
- Each of the plurality of measurement sheets has an identical known thickness.
- the base is removably placed about at least one tooth of the patient such that the at least one tooth is positioned in the gap between the first and second legs.
- a portion of the dental impression wax is sandwiched between the lower surface of the planar member and at least one coronal face of the at least one tooth.
- the lower surface of the planar member may be textured to grip the dental impression wax such that the base is stably held on the at least one tooth with the at least one coronal face being positioned adjacent the lower surface of the planar member, and the first and second legs being positioned about the side edges of the at least one tooth.
- the at least one longitudinally extending rib of a first one of the plurality of measurement sheets is releasably received within the at least one longitudinally extending groove formed in the upper surface of the planar member, the measurement sheet defining an initial vertical dimension increment. Additional measurement sheets are stacked on the first one of the plurality of measurement sheets, with the at least one longitudinally extending rib of each of the additional ones of the plurality of measurement sheets being releasably received within the at least one longitudinally extending groove of an adjacent one of the plurality of measurement sheets, until the desired vertical dimension above the at least one coronal face is achieved.
- the base and the stacked measurement sheets are removed from the patient's mouth and the number of stacked measurement sheets is counted.
- Each measurement sheet has an identical thickness, which is known.
- the number of stacked measurement sheets is representative of the difference between the desired vertical dimension and the patient's vertical dimension prior to the dental restoration procedure (i.e., with the patient's original worn teeth).
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a kit for measuring vertical dimension for dental restoration.
- FIG. 2 is a bottom view of the base of the kit of FIG. 1 .
- FIG. 3A is a side view of a measurement sheet of the kit of FIG. 1 .
- FIG. 3B is a bottom perspective view of the measurement sheet of FIG. 3A .
- FIG. 4A is an exploded environmental front view of a kit for measuring vertical dimension for dental restoration, showing the order of components used for measuring the vertical dimension of a patient's teeth.
- FIG. 4B is an exploded environmental side view of the kit of FIG. 4A .
- FIG. 4C is an environmental side view of the kit of FIGS. 4A-4B , shown in use for measuring the vertical dimension of a patient's teeth.
- the kit 10 for measuring vertical dimension for dental restoration includes a base 12 , a plurality of measurement sheets 14 , and dental impression wax 16 .
- the base 12 includes a planar member 26 , having first and second longitudinally opposed ends 28 , 30 , respectively, and opposed upper and lower surfaces 24 , 25 , respectively.
- the upper surface 24 has at least one longitudinally extending groove 22 formed therein.
- FIG. 1 shows upper surface 24 having a pair of grooves 22 formed therein, it should be understood that the pair of grooves 22 are shown for exemplary purposes only, and that one or more grooves 22 may be formed in the upper surface 24 .
- first and second legs 18 , 20 are respectively secured to the first and second longitudinally opposed ends 28 , 30 of the planar member 26 and extend downward from the lower surface 25 . As shown, the first and second legs 18 , 20 are spaced apart to define a gap therebetween.
- FIG. 1 shows six measurement sheets 14 a, 14 b, 14 c, 14 d, 14 e and 14 f, it should be understood that these six measurement sheets of the plurality of measurement sheets 14 are shown for purposes of illustration and simplification only, and that the plurality of measurement sheets 14 may contain any desired number of individual measurement sheets.
- FIGS. 3A and 3B show measurement sheet 14 a alone, it should be understood that each individual measurement sheet of the plurality of measurement sheets 14 is identical.
- measurement sheet 14 a has opposed upper and lower surfaces 32 , 34 , respectively, with at least one longitudinally extending rib 38 formed on the lower surface 34 and at least one longitudinally extending groove 36 formed in the upper surface 32 .
- Each of the plurality of measurement sheets 14 has an identical known thickness.
- FIGS. 1, 3A and 3B show each of the measurement sheets 14 having a pair of grooves 36 formed in the upper surface 32 and a corresponding pair of ribs 38 projecting downward from the lower surface 34 , it should be understood that the pair of grooves 36 and the pair of ribs 38 are shown for exemplary purposes only, and that one or more grooves 36 and one or more ribs 38 may be formed in each of the measurement sheets.
- the selected number of grooves 36 and number of ribs 38 are equal for each of the measurement sheets 14 (which, as noted above, are each identical with respect to one another), and are also equal to the number of grooves 22 formed in the upper surface 24 of the planar member 26 of the base 12 .
- the ribs 38 are dimensioned and configured for alternately seating in the groove 22 defined in the upper surface 24 of the base 12 and the groove 36 defined in the upper surface 32 of the measurement sheets 14 a - 14 f in order to interchangeably stack a variable number of the measurement sheets 14 a - 14 f on the upper surface 24 of the base 12 to the height required for the dental restoration.
- the base 12 is removably placed about at least one tooth T of the patient, such that the at least one tooth T is positioned in the gap between the first and second legs 18 , 20 .
- a portion of the dental impression wax 16 is sandwiched between the lower surface 25 of the planar member 26 and at least one coronal face of the at least one tooth T.
- the lower surface 25 of the planar member 26 may be textured, serrated, or knurled to grip the dental impression wax 16 such that the base 12 is stably held onto the at least one tooth T with the at least one coronal face being positioned adjacent the wax 16 beneath the lower surface 25 of the planar member 26 , and the first and second legs 18 , 20 being positioned about the side edges of the at least one tooth T. It should be understood that any suitable type of wax or other biocompatible and easily removable material may be used to temporarily secure the lower surface 25 to the at least one tooth T.
- the at least one longitudinally extending rib 38 of a first one of the plurality of measurement sheets (measurement sheet 14 d in the example of FIGS. 4A-4C ) is releasably received within the at least one longitudinally extending groove 22 formed in the upper surface 24 of the planar member 26 , defining an initial vertical dimension increment. If further increments of vertical dimension are to be added, additional ones of the plurality of measurement sheets (measurement sheets 14 a, 14 b and 14 c in the example of FIGS.
- FIG. 4C represents the completed stacking of the desired number of measurement sheets 14 to achieve the desired additional vertical dimension for the at least one tooth T.
- the base 12 and the stacked ones of the plurality of measurement sheets are removed from the patient's mouth and the number of stacked measurement sheets is counted (four measurement sheets in this example).
- Each measurement sheet has an identical thickness, which is known.
- the number of stacked measurement sheets plus the thickness of the planar member of the base is representative of the difference between the desired vertical dimension and the patient's vertical dimension prior to the dental restoration procedure (i.e., with the patient's original worn teeth).
- kit 10 may be provided with bases 12 and measurement sheets 14 manufactured in a variety of different sizes, thus providing kits which may be used, for example, with adult teeth, children's teeth, different types of teeth, etc.
- Each of the plurality of measurement sheets 14 preferably has a thickness that may be easily counted for the overall vertical dimension difference applied to the dental articulator during the dental restoration process.
- each of the measurement sheets may have a thickness of 1 mm.
- kit for measuring vertical dimension for dental restoration is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, but encompasses any and all embodiments within the scope of the generic language of the following claims enabled by the embodiments described herein, or otherwise shown in the drawings or described above in terms sufficient to enable one of ordinary skill in the art to make and use the claimed subject matter.
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- Dental Tools And Instruments Or Auxiliary Dental Instruments (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- The disclosure of the present patent application relates to dental restoration, and particularly to a kit for measuring a difference between a dental patient's desired vertical dimension and the patient's vertical dimension prior to a dental restoration procedure.
- In dental restoration, casts of the maxillary (i.e., upper) and mandibular (i.e., lower) teeth of the patient are typically made, and the casts are then moved to an articulator. A dental articulator is a mechanical device to which the maxillary cast and the mandibular cast are fixed, reproducing recorded positions of the mandible in relation to the maxilla. An articulator assists in the fabrication of removable prosthodontic appliances (e.g., dentures), fixed prosthodontic restorations (e.g., crowns, bridges, inlays and onlays) and orthodontic appliances. With respect to the vertical dimension (i.e., the vertical distance between the patient's maxillary and mandibular teeth), the measured vertical dimension may not be the desired vertical dimension. This is particularly true for patients in whom one or more teeth have been ground down, typically due to bruxism, injury or disease. In such cases, the positions recorded by using the articulator will be representative of the patient's present shortened teeth, rather than the patient's teeth with the desired vertical dimension.
- During dental restoration for patients with teeth that have been ground down, such as those described above, the dentist typically manually adjusts the articulator based on a visual estimate of the desired vertical dimension. In order to provide the patient with the highest level of care, and prevent having to repeat the dental restoration process multiple times, it would obviously be desirable to be able to accurately measure the difference between the patient's desired vertical dimension and the patient's vertical dimension prior to the dental restoration procedure (i.e., with the patient's original worn teeth) Thus, a kit for measuring vertical dimension for dental restoration solving the aforementioned problems are desired.
- The kit for measuring vertical dimension for dental restoration provides a tool for measuring a difference between a dental patient's desired vertical dimension and the patient's vertical dimension prior to a dental restoration procedure. The kit includes a base, a plurality of measurement sheets, and dental impression wax. The base includes a planar member having first and second longitudinally opposed ends and opposed upper and lower surfaces. The upper surface has at least one longitudinally extending groove formed therein. First and second legs extend from the first and second longitudinally opposed ends of the planar member and project downward from the lower surface. The first and second legs are spaced apart to define a gap therebetween.
- Each measurement sheet has opposed upper and lower surfaces, at least one longitudinally extending rib formed on the lower surface thereof, and at least one longitudinally extending groove formed in the upper surface thereof. Each of the plurality of measurement sheets has an identical known thickness.
- In use, the base is removably placed about at least one tooth of the patient such that the at least one tooth is positioned in the gap between the first and second legs. Preferably, a portion of the dental impression wax is sandwiched between the lower surface of the planar member and at least one coronal face of the at least one tooth. The lower surface of the planar member may be textured to grip the dental impression wax such that the base is stably held on the at least one tooth with the at least one coronal face being positioned adjacent the lower surface of the planar member, and the first and second legs being positioned about the side edges of the at least one tooth.
- The at least one longitudinally extending rib of a first one of the plurality of measurement sheets is releasably received within the at least one longitudinally extending groove formed in the upper surface of the planar member, the measurement sheet defining an initial vertical dimension increment. Additional measurement sheets are stacked on the first one of the plurality of measurement sheets, with the at least one longitudinally extending rib of each of the additional ones of the plurality of measurement sheets being releasably received within the at least one longitudinally extending groove of an adjacent one of the plurality of measurement sheets, until the desired vertical dimension above the at least one coronal face is achieved.
- Once the desired vertical dimension has been achieved, the base and the stacked measurement sheets are removed from the patient's mouth and the number of stacked measurement sheets is counted. Each measurement sheet has an identical thickness, which is known. Thus, the number of stacked measurement sheets is representative of the difference between the desired vertical dimension and the patient's vertical dimension prior to the dental restoration procedure (i.e., with the patient's original worn teeth).
- These and other features of the present invention will become readily apparent upon further review of the following specification and drawings.
-
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a kit for measuring vertical dimension for dental restoration. -
FIG. 2 is a bottom view of the base of the kit ofFIG. 1 . -
FIG. 3A is a side view of a measurement sheet of the kit ofFIG. 1 . -
FIG. 3B is a bottom perspective view of the measurement sheet ofFIG. 3A . -
FIG. 4A is an exploded environmental front view of a kit for measuring vertical dimension for dental restoration, showing the order of components used for measuring the vertical dimension of a patient's teeth. -
FIG. 4B is an exploded environmental side view of the kit ofFIG. 4A . -
FIG. 4C is an environmental side view of the kit ofFIGS. 4A-4B , shown in use for measuring the vertical dimension of a patient's teeth. - Similar reference characters denote corresponding features consistently throughout the attached drawings.
- Referring to
FIG. 1 , thekit 10 for measuring vertical dimension for dental restoration includes abase 12, a plurality ofmeasurement sheets 14, anddental impression wax 16. As shown inFIGS. 1 and 2 , thebase 12 includes aplanar member 26, having first and second longitudinally opposedends lower surfaces upper surface 24 has at least one longitudinally extendinggroove 22 formed therein. AlthoughFIG. 1 showsupper surface 24 having a pair ofgrooves 22 formed therein, it should be understood that the pair ofgrooves 22 are shown for exemplary purposes only, and that one ormore grooves 22 may be formed in theupper surface 24. Additionally, first andsecond legs ends planar member 26 and extend downward from thelower surface 25. As shown, the first andsecond legs - Although
FIG. 1 shows sixmeasurement sheets measurement sheets 14 are shown for purposes of illustration and simplification only, and that the plurality ofmeasurement sheets 14 may contain any desired number of individual measurement sheets. Further, althoughFIGS. 3A and 3B show measurement sheet 14 a alone, it should be understood that each individual measurement sheet of the plurality ofmeasurement sheets 14 is identical. As shown inFIGS. 3A and 3B ,measurement sheet 14 a has opposed upper andlower surfaces rib 38 formed on thelower surface 34 and at least one longitudinally extendinggroove 36 formed in theupper surface 32. Each of the plurality ofmeasurement sheets 14 has an identical known thickness. - Although
FIGS. 1, 3A and 3B show each of themeasurement sheets 14 having a pair ofgrooves 36 formed in theupper surface 32 and a corresponding pair ofribs 38 projecting downward from thelower surface 34, it should be understood that the pair ofgrooves 36 and the pair ofribs 38 are shown for exemplary purposes only, and that one ormore grooves 36 and one ormore ribs 38 may be formed in each of the measurement sheets. The selected number ofgrooves 36 and number ofribs 38 are equal for each of the measurement sheets 14 (which, as noted above, are each identical with respect to one another), and are also equal to the number ofgrooves 22 formed in theupper surface 24 of theplanar member 26 of thebase 12. Theribs 38 are dimensioned and configured for alternately seating in thegroove 22 defined in theupper surface 24 of thebase 12 and thegroove 36 defined in theupper surface 32 of themeasurement sheets 14 a-14 f in order to interchangeably stack a variable number of themeasurement sheets 14 a-14 f on theupper surface 24 of thebase 12 to the height required for the dental restoration. - In use, as illustrated in
FIGS. 4A and 4B , thebase 12 is removably placed about at least one tooth T of the patient, such that the at least one tooth T is positioned in the gap between the first andsecond legs dental impression wax 16 is sandwiched between thelower surface 25 of theplanar member 26 and at least one coronal face of the at least one tooth T. Thelower surface 25 of theplanar member 26 may be textured, serrated, or knurled to grip thedental impression wax 16 such that thebase 12 is stably held onto the at least one tooth T with the at least one coronal face being positioned adjacent thewax 16 beneath thelower surface 25 of theplanar member 26, and the first andsecond legs lower surface 25 to the at least one tooth T. - The at least one longitudinally extending
rib 38 of a first one of the plurality of measurement sheets (measurement sheet 14 d in the example ofFIGS. 4A-4C ) is releasably received within the at least one longitudinally extendinggroove 22 formed in theupper surface 24 of theplanar member 26, defining an initial vertical dimension increment. If further increments of vertical dimension are to be added, additional ones of the plurality of measurement sheets (measurement sheets FIGS. 4A-4C ) are stacked on the first one of the plurality ofmeasurement sheets 14 d, with the at least one longitudinally extendingrib 38 of each of the additional ones of the plurality of measurement sheets being releasably received within the at least one longitudinally extendinggroove 36 of an adjacent one of the plurality of measurement sheets, until the desired vertical dimension above the at least one coronal face is achieved.FIG. 4C represents the completed stacking of the desired number ofmeasurement sheets 14 to achieve the desired additional vertical dimension for the at least one tooth T. - Once the desired vertical dimension has been achieved, the
base 12 and the stacked ones of the plurality of measurement sheets (14 a, 14 b, 14 c and 14 d in the example ofFIG. 4C ) are removed from the patient's mouth and the number of stacked measurement sheets is counted (four measurement sheets in this example). Each measurement sheet has an identical thickness, which is known. Thus, the number of stacked measurement sheets plus the thickness of the planar member of the base is representative of the difference between the desired vertical dimension and the patient's vertical dimension prior to the dental restoration procedure (i.e., with the patient's original worn teeth). - It should be understood that the
kit 10 may be provided withbases 12 andmeasurement sheets 14 manufactured in a variety of different sizes, thus providing kits which may be used, for example, with adult teeth, children's teeth, different types of teeth, etc. Each of the plurality ofmeasurement sheets 14 preferably has a thickness that may be easily counted for the overall vertical dimension difference applied to the dental articulator during the dental restoration process. For example, each of the measurement sheets may have a thickness of 1 mm. - It is to be understood that the kit for measuring vertical dimension for dental restoration is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, but encompasses any and all embodiments within the scope of the generic language of the following claims enabled by the embodiments described herein, or otherwise shown in the drawings or described above in terms sufficient to enable one of ordinary skill in the art to make and use the claimed subject matter.
Claims (4)
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US15/878,365 US10363121B1 (en) | 2018-01-23 | 2018-01-23 | Kit for measuring vertical dimension for dental restoration |
SA119400373A SA119400373B1 (en) | 2018-01-23 | 2019-01-16 | Kit for Measuring Vertical Dimension for Dental Restoration |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US15/878,365 US10363121B1 (en) | 2018-01-23 | 2018-01-23 | Kit for measuring vertical dimension for dental restoration |
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US20190223992A1 true US20190223992A1 (en) | 2019-07-25 |
US10363121B1 US10363121B1 (en) | 2019-07-30 |
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US15/878,365 Expired - Fee Related US10363121B1 (en) | 2018-01-23 | 2018-01-23 | Kit for measuring vertical dimension for dental restoration |
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SA (1) | SA119400373B1 (en) |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US3153282A (en) * | 1962-04-20 | 1964-10-20 | Allen A Brewer | Apparatus and method for obtaining and checking proper centric relationship of denture base plates |
US3686754A (en) * | 1969-12-19 | 1972-08-29 | Joseph Charles Richard Kondolo | Calcinable ring in thermoplastic material for taking imprints when making permanently fixed false teeth |
US3695333A (en) * | 1970-09-23 | 1972-10-03 | Policlinica De Stomatologie Pr | Method of fabricating dental crowns and bridges from gold |
US3763565A (en) * | 1972-01-28 | 1973-10-09 | H Faust | Method and apparatus for establishing proper interocclusal distance for edentulous denture patients |
US20080202530A1 (en) * | 2007-02-15 | 2008-08-28 | Sims Anthony B | Device and Method for the Treatment of Movement Disorders |
US20110125304A1 (en) * | 2009-11-24 | 2011-05-26 | Sirona Dental Systems Gmbh | Systems, methods, apparatuses, and computer-readable storage media for designing and manufacturing prosthetic dental items |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US3381377A (en) | 1965-01-11 | 1968-05-07 | William O. Grayson | Determining vertical dimension and centric occulsion in denture construction |
US4718850A (en) | 1986-08-22 | 1988-01-12 | Stanley Knebelman | Method for determining vertical dimension |
US20070231774A1 (en) | 2004-10-12 | 2007-10-04 | Global Dental Impression Trays, Inc. | Occlusal device and method of use thereof for diagnostic evaluation of maxillomandibular relationships in edentulous patients |
KR101359757B1 (en) | 2009-05-19 | 2014-02-06 | 김태형 | Method and apparatus for preparing denture |
WO2011059427A1 (en) | 2009-11-10 | 2011-05-19 | Hutchison Michael C D D S | Mouth guard for increasing strength and stamina |
US9545294B2 (en) | 2013-05-30 | 2017-01-17 | Arnold I. Liebman | Components, system and method for making dentures in a single visit |
-
2018
- 2018-01-23 US US15/878,365 patent/US10363121B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2019
- 2019-01-16 SA SA119400373A patent/SA119400373B1/en unknown
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3153282A (en) * | 1962-04-20 | 1964-10-20 | Allen A Brewer | Apparatus and method for obtaining and checking proper centric relationship of denture base plates |
US3686754A (en) * | 1969-12-19 | 1972-08-29 | Joseph Charles Richard Kondolo | Calcinable ring in thermoplastic material for taking imprints when making permanently fixed false teeth |
US3695333A (en) * | 1970-09-23 | 1972-10-03 | Policlinica De Stomatologie Pr | Method of fabricating dental crowns and bridges from gold |
US3763565A (en) * | 1972-01-28 | 1973-10-09 | H Faust | Method and apparatus for establishing proper interocclusal distance for edentulous denture patients |
US20080202530A1 (en) * | 2007-02-15 | 2008-08-28 | Sims Anthony B | Device and Method for the Treatment of Movement Disorders |
US20110125304A1 (en) * | 2009-11-24 | 2011-05-26 | Sirona Dental Systems Gmbh | Systems, methods, apparatuses, and computer-readable storage media for designing and manufacturing prosthetic dental items |
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US10363121B1 (en) | 2019-07-30 |
SA119400373B1 (en) | 2022-11-16 |
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