US20190195207A1 - Hydraulic system for work machine - Google Patents
Hydraulic system for work machine Download PDFInfo
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- US20190195207A1 US20190195207A1 US16/288,944 US201916288944A US2019195207A1 US 20190195207 A1 US20190195207 A1 US 20190195207A1 US 201916288944 A US201916288944 A US 201916288944A US 2019195207 A1 US2019195207 A1 US 2019195207A1
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- Prior art keywords
- valve
- fluid
- pressure
- fluid tube
- travel
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Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
- E02F9/20—Drives; Control devices
- E02F9/22—Hydraulic or pneumatic drives
- E02F9/2253—Controlling the travelling speed of vehicles, e.g. adjusting travelling speed according to implement loads, control of hydrostatic transmission
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B1/00—Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders
- F04B1/12—Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
- F04B1/26—Control
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
- E02F9/20—Drives; Control devices
- E02F9/2025—Particular purposes of control systems not otherwise provided for
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
- E02F9/20—Drives; Control devices
- E02F9/22—Hydraulic or pneumatic drives
- E02F9/2278—Hydraulic circuits
- E02F9/2285—Pilot-operated systems
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
- E02F9/20—Drives; Control devices
- E02F9/22—Hydraulic or pneumatic drives
- E02F9/2278—Hydraulic circuits
- E02F9/2292—Systems with two or more pumps
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F3/00—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines
- E02F3/04—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven
- E02F3/28—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with digging tools mounted on a dipper- or bucket-arm, i.e. there is either one arm or a pair of arms, e.g. dippers, buckets
- E02F3/34—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with digging tools mounted on a dipper- or bucket-arm, i.e. there is either one arm or a pair of arms, e.g. dippers, buckets with bucket-arms, i.e. a pair of arms, e.g. manufacturing processes, form, geometry, material of bucket-arms directly pivoted on the frames of tractors or self-propelled machines
- E02F3/3414—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with digging tools mounted on a dipper- or bucket-arm, i.e. there is either one arm or a pair of arms, e.g. dippers, buckets with bucket-arms, i.e. a pair of arms, e.g. manufacturing processes, form, geometry, material of bucket-arms directly pivoted on the frames of tractors or self-propelled machines the arms being pivoted at the rear of the vehicle chassis, e.g. skid steer loader
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
- E02F9/16—Cabins, platforms, or the like, for drivers
- E02F9/166—Cabins, platforms, or the like, for drivers movable, tiltable or pivoting, e.g. movable seats, dampening arrangements of cabins
Abstract
A hydraulic system for a work machine includes an operation member, a prime mover, a hydraulic pump driven by the prime mover, the hydraulic pump configured to output an operation fluid, a first temperature sensor to measure a temperature of the operation fluid, a first fluid tube connected to the hydraulic pump, an operation valve connected to the first fluid tube, the operation valve configured to control, in accordance with an operation extent of the operation member, a pressure of the outputted operation fluid, a hydraulic apparatus driven by the operation fluid outputted from the operation valve, a second hydraulic tube connecting the operation valve to the hydraulic apparatus, a discharge fluid tube to discharge the operation fluid included in the second fluid tube; and an actuation valve disposed on the discharge fluid tube, the actuation valve configured to control an aperture of the actuation valve based on the temperature.
Description
- The present application is a divisional of co-pending application Ser. No. 15/615,056, filed Jun. 6, 2017, which claims priority under 35 U.S.C. § 119 to Japanese Patent Application No. 2016-113600, filed Jun. 7, 2016, to Japanese Patent Application No. 2016-255462, filed Dec. 28, 2016, to Japanese Patent Application No. 2016-255463, filed Dec. 28, 2016. The contents of each of these U.S. and Japanese applications are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.
- The present invention relates to a hydraulic system for a work machine.
- Japanese patent application publication No. 2013-117253 disclosed a conventional technique for warming up a work machine.
- The work machine disclosed in Japanese patent application publication No. 2013-117253 includes a pilot pressure control valve configured to control a pressure of a pilot fluid that is outputted from a pump to be supplied to a target device and includes a valve body incorporating the pilot pressure control valve. The technique disclosed in Japanese patent application publication No. 2013-117253 disposes a heat-up fluid tube on the valve body, the heat-up fluid tube being configured to supply the pilot fluid outputted from the pump. In this manner, the technique supplies the pilot fluid passing through the heat-up fluid tube to an operation fluid tank through a relief valve or a throttle, and thereby heating up the valve body.
- In addition, a work machine disclosed in Japanese patent application publication No. 2013-36274 includes an engine, an HST pump configured to be driven by a motive power of the engine, a travel operation device configured to operate the HST pump, a pressure control valve configured to control a travel primary pressure that is a pressure on a primary side of the travel operation device, and a control device to control the pressure control valve.
- The control device controls the pressure control valve on the basis of a no-load characteristic line employed when a load is free and a drop characteristic line employed when a predetermined load or more is applied to the engine, thereby preventing the engine stall.
- Japanese patent publication No. 5687970 reduces an output power of a travel pump when a predetermined load or more is applied to the engine, the travel pump being one of hydraulic devices. In particular, a work machine disclosed in Japanese patent publication No. 5687970 includes an engine, a travel pump configured to be driven by the engine, a travel operation lever, an operation valve configured to change a pressure of a pilot fluid (a pilot pressure) in accordance with operation of the travel operation lever, and a pressure control valve disposed on an upper stream side of the operation valve.
- A work machine disclosed in Japanese patent application publication No. 2016-148446 includes an operation valve configured to change a pressure of an operation fluid in accordance with an operation amount of an operation lever, a travel pump configured to change an output power on the basis of the pressure of the operation fluid changed by the operation valve, and travel motor configured to be driven by the operation fluid outputted from the travel pump.
- A hydraulic system for a work machine includes an operation member, a prime mover, a hydraulic pump to be driven by the prime mover, the hydraulic pump being configured to output an operation fluid, a first temperature sensor to measure a temperature of the operation fluid, a first fluid tube connected to the hydraulic pump, an operation valve connected to the first fluid tube, the operation valve being configured to control, in accordance with an operation extent of the operation member, a pressure of the operation fluid to be outputted, a hydraulic apparatus to be driven by the operation fluid outputted from the operation valve, a second hydraulic tube connecting the operation valve to the hydraulic apparatus, a discharge fluid tube to discharge the operation fluid included in the second fluid tube; and an actuation valve disposed on the discharge fluid tube, the actuation valve being configured to control an aperture of the actuation valve based on the temperature.
- A hydraulic system for a work machine includes an operation member, a hydraulic pump to output an operation fluid, a first fluid tube connected to the hydraulic pump, an operation valve disposed on the first fluid tube, the operation valve being configured to control, in accordance with an operation extent of the operation member, a pressure of the operation fluid to be outputted, a hydraulic apparatus to be driven by the operation fluid outputted from the operation valve, a second hydraulic tube connecting the operation valve to the hydraulic apparatus, an actuation valve disposed on the first fluid tube between the operation valve and the hydraulic pump, a third fluid tube connecting the second fluid tube to an intermediate section of the first fluid tube between the operation valve and the actuation valve, and a check valve disposed on the third fluid tube, the check valve being configured to supply the operation fluid from the second fluid tube to the first fluid tube and block the operation fluid flowing from the first fluid tube to the second fluid tube.
- A hydraulic system for a work machine includes an operation member to be moved to one direction and to the other direction, a hydraulic pump to output an operation fluid;
- a first fluid tube connected to the hydraulic pump, a first operation valve connected to the first fluid tube, the first operation valve being configured to control, in accordance with the movement to the one direction of the operation member, a pressure of the operation fluid to be outputted, a second operation valve connected to the first fluid tube, the first operation valve being configured to control, in accordance with the movement to the other direction of the operation member, a pressure of the operation fluid to be outputted, a hydraulic apparatus to be driven by the operation fluid outputted from the first operation valve or from the second operation valve, and a pressure changer to differentiate a pressure of the operation fluid that is supplied from the first operation valve to the hydraulic apparatus when the operation member is moved to the one direction from a pressure of the operation fluid that is supplied from the second operation valve to the hydraulic apparatus when the operation member is moved to the other direction.
- A hydraulic system for a work machine includes an operation member to be moved to a first direction and to a second direction perpendicular to the first direction, a hydraulic pump to output an operation fluid, a first fluid tube connected to the hydraulic pump, a first operation valve connected to the first fluid tube, the first operation valve being configured to control, in accordance with the movement to one direction in the first direction of the operation member, a pressure of the operation fluid to be outputted, a second operation valve connected to the first fluid tube, the first operation valve being configured to control, in accordance with the movement to the other direction in the first direction of the operation member, a pressure of the operation fluid to be outputted, a third operation valve connected to the first fluid tube, the first operation valve being configured to control, in accordance with the movement to one direction in the second direction of the operation member, a pressure of the operation fluid to be outputted, a fourth operation valve connected to the first fluid tube, the first operation valve being configured to control, in accordance with the movement to the other direction in the second direction of the operation member, a pressure of the operation fluid to be outputted, a hydraulic apparatus to be driven by the operation fluid outputted from at least one of the first operation valve, the second operation valve, the third operation valve, and the fourth operation valve, and a pressure changer to differentiate a pressure of the operation fluid that is supplied from the first operation valve or the second operation valve to the hydraulic apparatus when the operation member is moved to the first direction from a pressure of the operation fluid that is supplied from the third operation valve or the fourth operation valve to the hydraulic apparatus when the operation member is moved to the second direction.
- A hydraulic system for a work machine includes a hydraulic pump to output an operation fluid, a first hydraulic fluid connected to the hydraulic pump, a travel device to be activated by the operation fluid, a first operation device connected to the travel device, including a first operation member to be moved to one direction and to the other direction, a first operation valve connected to the first fluid tube, the first operation valve being configured to control, in accordance with the movement to the one direction of the first operation member, a pressure of the operation fluid, and a second operation valve connected to the first fluid tube, the first operation valve being configured to control, in accordance with the movement to the other direction of the first operation member, the pressure of the operation fluid, a second operation device connected to the travel device, the second operation device being other than the first operation device, including a second operation member to be moved to one direction and to the other direction, a third operation valve connected to the first fluid tube, the third operation valve being configured to control, in accordance with the movement to the one direction of the second operation member, the pressure of the operation fluid, and a fourth operation valve connected to the first fluid tube, the fourth operation valve being configured to control, in accordance with the movement to the other direction of the second operation member, the pressure of the operation fluid, a first select valve including an output port to output higher any one of the pressure of the operation fluid outputted from the first operation valve and the pressure of the operation fluid outputted from the third operation valve, a second select valve including an output port to output higher any one of the pressure of the operation fluid outputted from the second operation valve and the pressure of the operation fluid outputted from the fourth operation valve, a third select valve including an output port to output higher any one of the pressure of the operation fluid outputted from the output port of the first operation valve and the pressure of the operation fluid outputted from the output port of the second operation valve, a fourth fluid tube connected to the output port of the third select valve, and a brake device connected to the fourth fluid tube, the brake device to release a braking state of the travel device when the pressure of the operation fluid is applied to the brake device.
- A more complete appreciation of the invention and many of the attendant advantages thereof will be readily obtained as the same becomes better understood by reference to the following detailed description when considered in connection with the accompanying drawings, wherein:
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FIG. 1 is a view illustrating a hydraulic system for travel (a hydraulic circuit) for a work machine according to a first embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 2 is a view illustrating a hydraulic system for work (a hydraulic circuit) for the work machine according to the first embodiment; -
FIG. 3 is a view illustrating a relation between an engine revolution speed, a travel primary pressure, and a control line according to the first embodiment; -
FIG. 4 is a view illustrating a hydraulic system for travel (a hydraulic circuit) for a work machine according to a second embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 5 is a view illustrating a hydraulic system for travel (a hydraulic circuit) for a work machine according to a third embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 6 is a view illustrating a hydraulic system for travel (a hydraulic circuit) for a work machine according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 7 is a view illustrating a hydraulic system for work (a hydraulic circuit) for a work machine according to the fourth embodiment; -
FIG. 8A is a view illustrating a relation between an operation device, a travel fluid tube, a select valve, and a brake device according to the fourth embodiment; -
FIG. 8B is a view illustrating a first modified example of the relation between the operation device, the travel fluid tube, the select valve, and the brake device according to the fourth embodiment; -
FIG. 8C is a view illustrating a second modified example of the relation between the operation device, the travel fluid tube, the select valve, and the brake device according to the fourth embodiment; -
FIG. 9A is a view illustrating a relation between an engine revolution speed, a travel secondary pressure, and a control line according to the fourth embodiment; -
FIG. 9B is a view illustrating a case where the travel secondary pressure has an upper limitation; -
FIG. 10 is a schematic view illustrating a hydraulic system for travel (a hydraulic circuit) according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 11 is a schematic view illustrating a hydraulic system for work (a hydraulic circuit) according to the fifth embodiment; -
FIG. 12A is a view illustrating a first modified example of the hydraulic system according to the fifth embodiment; -
FIG. 12B is a view illustrating a second modified example of the hydraulic system according to the fifth embodiment; -
FIG. 13 is a schematic view illustrating a hydraulic system for travel (a hydraulic circuit) according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 14 is a schematic view illustrating a hydraulic system for work (a hydraulic circuit) according to the sixth embodiment; -
FIG. 15 is a view illustrating a relation between an engine revolution speed, an oil temperature, and a set pressure of a relief valve (a temperature-restricting pressure) according to the sixth embodiment; -
FIG. 16 is a schematic view illustrating a first modified example of the hydraulic system for travel according to the sixth embodiment; -
FIG. 17 is a view a view illustrating a relation between the engine revolution speed, the oil temperature, and a set pressure of the relief valve (a travel-restricting pressure, the temperature-restricting pressure) according to the sixth embodiment; -
FIG. 18 is a schematic view illustrating a second modified example of the hydraulic system for travel according to the sixth embodiment; -
FIG. 19 is a view illustrating a relation between the engine revolution speed, the oil temperature, and a set pressure of the relief valve (a revolution-restricting pressure, the temperature-restricting pressure) according to the sixth embodiment; -
FIG. 20 is a schematic view illustrating a hydraulic system for work according to a seventh embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 21 is a side view illustrating a track loader exemplified as a work machine according to the embodiments of the present invention; and -
FIG. 22 is a side view illustrating a part of the track loader lifting up a cabin according to the embodiments. - The embodiments will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals designate corresponding or identical elements throughout the various drawings. The drawings are to be viewed in an orientation in which the reference numerals are viewed correctly.
- Referring to drawings, a hydraulic system and a work machine having the hydraulic system according to embodiments of the present invention will be described below.
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FIG. 20 illustrates a side view of a work machine according to a first embodiment of the present invention.FIG. 20 illustrates a compact track loader exemplified as the work machine. However, the work machine according to the embodiment is not limited to the compact track loader, and may be another type of a loader work machine such as a skid steer loader for example. In addition, the work machine may be other than the loader work machine. - As shown in
FIG. 10 andFIG. 11 , thework machine 1 includes amachine body 2, acabin 3, anwork device 4, and a travel device 5. - Hereinafter, in explanations of all the embodiments of the present invention, a forward direction (a direction toward a left side in
FIG. 10 ) corresponds to a front side of an operator seating on anoperator seat 8 of thework machine 1, a backward direction (a direction toward a right side inFIG. 10 ) corresponds to a back side of the operator, a leftward direction (a direction toward a front side from the back ofFIG. 10 ) corresponds to a left side of the operator, and a rightward direction (a direction toward a back side from the front of FIG. 10) corresponds to a right side of the operator. In the explanations, a machine width direction corresponds to a horizontal direction perpendicular to the forward direction and the backward direction. A machine outward direction corresponds to a direction from a center portion of themachine body 2 toward the right and corresponds to a direction from the center portion of themachine body 2 toward the left. - In other words, the machine outward direction is equivalent to the machine width direction and is a direction stepping away from (separating from) a center of the machine width direction. A direction opposite to the machine outward direction is referred to as a machine inward direction. In other words, the machine inward direction is equivalent to the machine width direction and is a direction stepping up to (being closed to) the center of the machine width direction.
- The
cabin 3 is mounted on themachine body 2. Thecabin 3 is provided with theoperator seta 8. Thework device 4 is attached to themachine body 2. The travel device 5 is disposed on an outer side of themachine body 2. An prime mover is mounted internally on a rear portion of themachine body 2. - The
work machine 4 includes aboom 10, awork tool 11, alift link 12, acontrol link 13, aboom cylinder 14, and abucket cylinder 15. - The
booms 10 are arranged to the right of thecabin 3 and to the left of thecabin 3, and are capable of swinging upward and downward. Thework tool 11 is a bucket, for example. Thebucket 11 is disposed on the tip end portions (the front end portions) of thebooms 10, and is capable of swinging upward and downward. - The
lift link 12 and thecontrol link 13 supports the base portions (the rear portions) of thebooms 10, and thus thebooms 10 are capable of swinging upward and downward. - The
boom cylinder 14 is stretched and shortened to move thebooms 10 upward and downward. Thebucket cylinder 15 is stretched and shortened to swing thebucket 11. - A front portion of the
boom 10 arranged to the left is connected by a deformed connection pipe to a front portion of theboom 10 arranged to the right. A base portion (a rear portion) of theboom 10 arranged to the left is connected by a cylindrical connection pipe to a base portion (a rear portion) of theboom 10 arranged to the right. - The lift links 12, the control links 13, and the
boom cylinders 14 are arranged to the left of themachine body 2 and to the right of themachine body 2, corresponding to theboom 10 disposed on the left and theboom 10 disposed on the right. - The lift links 12 are disposed on the rear portions of the base portions of the
booms 10, and extend in a vertical direction. The upper portions (one end sides) of the lift links 12 are pivotally supported by pivotal supports shafts 16 (first pivotal support shafts), being closer to the rear portions of the base portions of thebooms 10, and are capable of turning about the lateral axis. - In addition, the lower portions (the other end sides) of the lift links 12 are pivotally supported by pivotal supports shafts 17 (second pivotal support shafts), being closer to the rear portions of the base portions of the
booms 10, and are capable of turning about the lateral axis. The secondpivotal support shafts 17 are arranged below the firstpivotal support shafts 16. - The upper portions of the
boom cylinders 14 are pivotally supported by pivotal support shafts 18 (third pivotal support shafts), and are capable of turning about the lateral axis. The thirdpivotal support shafts 18 are disposed on the base portions of thebooms 10 and specifically on the front portions of the base portions. - The lower portions of the
boom cylinder 14 are pivotally supported by pivotal support shafts 19 (fourth pivotal support shafts), and are capable of turning about the lateral axis. The fourthpivotal support shafts 19 are disposed below the thirdpivotal support shafts 18, being closer to the lower portion of the rear portion of themachine body 2. - The control links 13 are arranged in front of the lift links 12. One ends of the control links 13 are pivotally supported by pivotal supports shafts 20 (fifth pivotal supports shafts), and are capable of turning about the lateral axis. The fifth
pivotal support shafts 20 are disposed on themachine body 2 and specifically on corresponding positions in front of the lift links 12. - The other ends of the control links 13 are pivotally supported by pivotal supports shafts 21 (sixth pivotal supports shafts), and are capable of turning about the lateral axis. The sixth
pivotal support shafts 21 are disposed on thebooms 10 in front of the secondpivotal support shafts 17 and above the secondpivotal support shafts 17. - When the
boom cylinder 14 is stretched and shortened, thebooms 10 swing upward and downward about the firstpivotal support shafts 16 with the base portions of thebooms 10 supported by the lift links 12 and the control links 13, and thus the tip end portions of thebooms 10 move upward and downward. - The control links 13 swing upward and downward about the fifth
pivotal support shafts 20 in accordance with the upward swinging and the downward swinging of thebooms 10. The lift links 12 swing forward and backward about the secondpivotal support shafts 17 in accordance with the upward swinging and the downward swinging of the control links 13. - The front portions of the
booms 10 are capable of attaching other work tools instead of thebucket 11. The following attachments (auxiliary attachments) are exemplified as the other work tools; for example, a hydraulic crusher, a hydraulic breaker, an angle broom, an earth auger, a pallet fork, a sweeper, a mower, a snow blower, and the like. - A
connection member 50 is disposed on the front portion of theboom 10 disposed on the left. Theconnection member 50 is a device for connecting a hydraulic device of an auxiliary attachment to a first tube member pipe such as a pipe disposed on theboom 10. - Specifically, the first tube member is capable of being connected to one end of the
connection member 50, and a second tube member is capable of being connected to the other end of theconnection member 50, the second tube member being connected to the hydraulic device of the auxiliary attachment. In this manner, an operation fluid flowing in the first tube member is supplied to the hydraulic device through the second tube member. - The
bucket cylinders 15 are arranged on portions close to the front portions of thebooms 10. Thebucket cylinders 15 are stretched and shortened to swing thebucket 11. - Each of the travel device 5 disposed on the left and the travel device 5 disposed on the right employs a travel device of a crawler type (including a semi-crawler type) in the embodiment. Each of the travel devices 5 may employ a travel device of a wheel type having the front wheels and the rear wheels.
- The hydraulic system for the work machine according to the embodiment will be explained below.
- As shown in
FIG. 1 , a hydraulic system for travel is a system for driving the travel device 5. The travel device 5 includes a lefttravel motor device 31L (a first travel motor device), a righttravel motor device 31R (a second travel motor device), and ahydraulic device 34. The hydraulic system for travel includes aprime mover 32, adirection switch valve 33, and a first hydraulic pump P1. - The
prime mover 32 is constituted of an electric motor, an engine, or the like. In the embodiment, theprime mover 32 is the engine. The first hydraulic pump P1 is a pump configured to be driven by a driving force of theprime mover 32. The first hydraulic pump P1 is constituted of a constant displacement gear pump. - The first hydraulic pump P1 is configured to output the operation fluid stored in the
tank 22. In particular, the first hydraulic pump P1 outputs the operation fluid mainly used for the control. - For convenience of the explanation, the
tank 22 for storing the operation fluid may be referred to as an operation fluid tank. In addition, of the operation fluid outputted from the first hydraulic pump P1, the operation fluid used for the control is referred to as a pilot fluid, and a pressure of the pilot fluid is referred to as a pilot pressure. - An output fluid tube (an output fluid path) 40 is disposed on an output side of the first hydraulic pump P1, the
output fluid tube 40 being configured to supply the operation fluid (the pilot fluid). The output fluid tube (a first fluid tube) 40 is provided with afilter 35, thedirection switch valve 33, the firsttravel motor device 31L, and the secondtravel motor device 31R. - A
charge fluid tube 41 is arranged between thefilter 35 and thedirection switch valve 33, thecharge fluid tube 41 being branched from theoutput fluid tube 40. Thecharge fluid tube 41 reaches thehydraulic device 34. - The direction switch
valve 33 is an electromagnetic valve configured to change revolutions of the firsttravel motor device 31L and the secondtravel motor device 31R. The direction switchvalve 33 is constituted of a two-position switch valve being switched to afirst position 33 a and to asecond position 33 b by magnetization. The direction switchvalve 33 is switched by an operation member and the like not shown in the drawings. - The first
travel motor device 31L is a motor configured to transmit a motive power to a drive shaft of the travel device 5, the travel device 5 being arranged to the left of themachine body 2. The secondtravel motor device 31R is a motor configured to transmit a motive power to a drive shaft of the travel device 5, the travel device 5 being arranged to the right of themachine body 2. - The first
travel motor device 31L includes an HST motor (a travel motor) 36, a swash-plate switch cylinder 37, and a travel control valve (a hydraulic switch valve) 38. TheHST motor 36 is a variable displacement axial motor having a swash plate, and is a motor capable of changing a vehicle speed (revolution) to a first speed and to a second speed. In other words, theHST motor 36 is a motor capable of changing a thrust power of thework machine 1. - The swash-
plate switch cylinder 37 is a cylinder configured to be stretched and shortened to change an angle of the swash plate of theHST motor 36. Thetravel control valve 38 is a valve for stretching and shortening the swash-plate switch cylinder 37 to one side and to the other side, that is, thetravel control valve 38 is constituted of a two-position switch valve configured to be switched to afirst position 38 a and to a second position 38 b. - The
travel control valve 38 is switched by thedirection switch valve 33 that is connected to thetravel control valve 38 and arranged on an upper stream of thetravel control valve 38. - As described above, when the operation member is operated to switch the
direction switch valve 33 to thefirst position 33 a, thefirst travel motor 31L releases the pilot fluid in a section between thedirection switch valve 33 and thetravel control valve 38, and thus thetravel control valve 38 is switched to thefirst position 38 a. As the result, the swash-plate switch cylinder 37 is shortened, and thus theHST motor 36 is set to the first speed. - In addition, when the operation member is operated to switch the
direction switch valve 33 to thesecond position 33 b, the pilot fluid is supplied to thetravel control valve 38 through thedirection switch valve 33, and thus thetravel control valve 38 is switched to the second position 38 b. As the result, the swash-plate switch cylinder 37 is stretched, and thus theHST motor 36 is set to the second speed. - Meanwhile, the second
travel motor device 31R is operated in the manner similar to the manner of the firsttravel motor device 31L. The configurations and movements of the secondtravel motor device 31R is similar to the configurations and movements of the firsttravel motor device 31L. Thus, the explanation of the secondtravel motor device 31R will be omitted. - The
hydraulic device 34 is a device configured to drive the firsttravel motor device 31L and the secondtravel motor device 31R. Thehydraulic device 34 includes a drive circuit (a left drive circuit) 34L and a drive circuit (a right drive circuit) 34R. Thedrive circuit 34L is configured to drive the firsttravel motor device 31L. Thedrive circuit 34R is configured to drive the secondtravel motor device 31R. - The
drive circuit 34L includes an HST pump (a travel pump) 53L, a speed-changing fluid tube (a speed-changing fluid path) 57 h, a speed-changing fluid tube (a speed-changing fluid path) 57 i, and a second charging fluid tube (a second charging fluid path) 57 j. Thedrive circuit 34R includes an HST pump (a travel pump) 53R, the speed-changingfluid tube 57 h, the speed-changingfluid tube 57 i, and the second chargingfluid tube 57 j. - The speed-changing
fluid tubes HST motor 36. - The second
charging fluid tube 57 j is a fluid tube (a fluid path) connected to the speed-changingfluid tubes fluid tubes - Each of the HST pumps 53L and 53R is the variable displacement axial pump having a swash plate. The variable displacement axial pump is configured to be driven by a motive power of the
prime mover 32. Each of the HST pumps 53L and 53R includes a forward-movement pressure-receivingportion 53 a (a pressure-receivingportion 53 a) and a backward-movement pressure-receivingportion 53 b (a pressure-receivingportion 53 b). The pilot pressure is applied to the forward-movement pressure-receivingportion 53 a and the backward-movement pressure-receivingportion 53 b. An angle of the swash plate is changed by the pilot pressure applied to the pressure-receivingportion 53 a and the pressure-receivingportion 53 b. - When the angle of the swash plate is changed, the changing changes the outputs (output amounts of the operation fluid) of the HST pumps 53L and 53R and changes the directions of the outputs of the operation fluid.
- An
operation device 47 changes the outputs of the HST pumps 53L and 53R and the directions of the outputs of the operation fluid. Theoperation device 47 is arranged around theoperator seat 8. Theoperation device 47 includes anoperation member 54 swingably supported and a plurality of pilot valves (operation valves) 55. - As shown in
FIG. 1 , theoperation member 54 is an operation lever supported by theoperation valve 55 and configured to be swung in the rightward and leftward directions (the machine width direction) or in the forward and backward directions. That is, theoperation member 54 is configured to be moved rightward and leftward from a neutral position N that is a home position, and is configured to be moved forward and backward from the neutral position N. - In other words, the
operation member 54 is configured to move at least in four directions from the home position, the neutral position N. For convenience of the explanation, the bi-direction extending forward and backward, that is, corresponding to the forward direction and the backward direction is referred to as a first direction. In addition, the bi-direction extending rightward and leftward, that is, corresponding to the lateral direction (the machine width direction) is referred to as a second direction. - In addition, the plurality of
operation valves 55 are commonly operated by theoperation member 54 solely. The plurality ofoperation valves 55 are activated in accordance with the swinging of theoperation member 54. Theoutput fluid tube 40 is connected to the plurality ofoperation valves 55, and thereby the operation fluid (the pilot fluid) is supplied from the first hydraulic pump P1 through theoutput fluid tube 40. The plurality ofoperation valves 55 include anoperation valve 55A, anoperation valve 55B, anoperation valve 55C, and anoperation valve 55D. - When the
operation lever 54 is swung forward (in one direction) in the forward and backward directions (the first direction), that is, theoperation lever 54 is operated in a forward operation, theoperation valve 55A changes a pressure of the operation fluid in accordance with an operation amount (the operation) of the forward operation, the operation fluid being outputted from theoperation valve 55A. - When the
operation lever 54 is swung backward (in the other direction) in the forward and backward directions (the first direction), that is, theoperation lever 54 is operated in a backward operation, theoperation valve 55B changes the pressure of the operation fluid in accordance with an operation amount (the operation) of the forward operation, the operation fluid being outputted from theoperation valve 55B. - When the
operation lever 54 is swung rightward (in one direction) in the lateral direction (the second direction), that is, theoperation lever 54 is operated in a rightward operation, theoperation valve 55C changes the pressure of the operation fluid in accordance with an operation amount (the operation) of the rightward operation, the operation fluid being outputted from theoperation valve 55C. - When the
operation lever 54 is swung leftward (in the other direction) in the lateral direction (the second direction), that is, theoperation lever 54 is operated in a leftward operation, theoperation valve 55D changes the pressure of the operation fluid in accordance with an operation amount (the operation) of the leftward operation, the operation fluid being outputted from theoperation valve 55D. - The plurality of
operation valves 55 are connected to thehydraulic device 34 for travel (the travel pump 53L and thetravel pump 53R) by a travel fluid tube (a second fluid tube) 45. In other words, the travel pumps 53L and 53R are hydraulic devices configured to be activated by the operation fluid outputted from the operation valves 55 (theoperation valve 55A, theoperation valve 55B, theoperation valve 55C, and theoperation valve 55D). - The
travel fluid tube 45 includes a firsttravel fluid tube 45 a, a secondtravel fluid tube 45 b, a thirdtravel fluid tube 45 c, a fourthtravel fluid tube 45 d, and a fifthtravel fluid tube 45 e. - The first
travel fluid tube 45 a is a fluid tube (a fluid path) connected to the forward-movement pressure-receivingportion 53 a of thetravel pump 53L. - The second
travel fluid tube 45 b is a fluid tube (a fluid path) connected to the backward-movement pressure-receivingportion 53 b of thetravel pump 53L. - The third
travel fluid tube 45 c is a fluid tube (a fluid path) connected to the forward-movement pressure-receivingportion 53 a of thetravel pump 53R. - The fourth
travel fluid tube 45 d is a fluid tube (a fluid path) connected to the backward-movement pressure-receivingportion 53 b of thetravel pump 53R. - The fifth
travel fluid tube 45 e is a fluid tube (a fluid path) connecting theoperation valves 55, the firsttravel fluid tube 45 a, the secondtravel fluid tube 45 b, the thirdtravel fluid tube 45 c, and the fourthtravel fluid tube 45 d to each other. - The fifth
travel fluid tube 45 e includes abridge portion 45e 1 and a connection tube (a connection path) 45e 2. Thebridge portion 45e 1 has a plurality ofshuttle valves 46. Theconnection tube 45e 2 connects theoperation valves 55 to a confluence portion of thebridge portion 45e 1. - When the
operation lever 54 is swung forward (in a direction represented by an arrowed line A1 inFIG. 1 ), theoperation valve 55A is operated to output the pilot pressure from theoperation valve 55A. The pilot pressure is applied to the pressure-receivingportion 53 a of the travel pump 53L through the firsttravel fluid tube 45 a and to the pressure-receivingportion 53 a of the travel pump 53R through the thirdtravel fluid tube 45 c. - In this manner, output shafts of the
travel motors 36 normally turn (turn forward) at a speed proportional to a swinging amount (a swinging extent) of theoperation lever 54, and thus thework machine 1 travels straight forward. - In addition, when the
operation lever 54 is swung backward (in a direction represented by an arrowed line A2 inFIG. 1 ), theoperation valve 55B is operated to output the pilot pressure from theoperation valve 55B. The pilot pressure is applied to the pressure-receivingportion 53 b of the travel pump 53L through the secondtravel fluid tube 45 b and to the pressure-receivingportion 53 b of the travel pump 53R through the fourthtravel fluid tube 45 d. - In this manner, the output shafts of the
travel motors 36 reversely turn (turn backward) at a speed proportional to the swinging amount (the swinging extent) of theoperation lever 54, and thus thework machine 1 travels straight backward. - In addition, when the
operation lever 54 is swung rightward (in a direction represented by an arrowed line A3 inFIG. 1 ), theoperation valve 55C is operated to output the pilot pressure from theoperation valve 55C. The pilot pressure is applied to the pressure-receivingportion 53 a of the travel pump 53L through the firsttravel fluid tube 45 a and to the pressure-receivingportion 53 b of the travel pump 53R through the fourthtravel fluid tube 45 d. - In this manner, the output shaft of the
travel motor 36 arranged to the left normally turns, the output shaft of thetravel motor 36 arranged to the right reversely turns, and thus thework machine 1 turns rightward. - In addition, when the
operation lever 54 is swung leftward (in a direction represented by an arrowed line A4 inFIG. 1 ), theoperation valve 55D is operated to output the pilot pressure from theoperation valve 55C. The pilot pressure is applied to the pressure-receivingportion 53 a of the travel pump 53R through the thirdtravel fluid tube 45 c and to the pressure-receivingportion 53 b of the travel pump 53L through the secondtravel fluid tube 45 b. - In this manner, the output shaft of the
travel motor 36 arranged to the left reversely turns, the output shaft of thetravel motor 36 arranged to the right normally turns, and thus thework machine 1 turns leftward. - In addition, when the
operation lever 54 is swung in a diagonal direction, turning directions and turning speeds of the output shafts of thetravel motor 36 arranged to the left side and thetravel motor 36 arranged to the right side are determined by a differential pressure between the pilot pressure applied to the pressure-receivingportion 53 a and the pilot pressure applied to the pressure-receivingportion 53 b, and thus thework machine 1 turns rightward or leftward traveling forward or backward. - That is, when the
operation lever 54 is swung (operated) forward and diagonally-leftward, thework machine 1 turns leftward traveling forward at a speed corresponding to a swinging angle of theoperation lever 54. When theoperation lever 54 is swung (operated) forward and diagonally-rightward, thework machine 1 turns rightward traveling forward at a speed corresponding to a swinging angle of theoperation lever 54. When theoperation lever 54 is swung (operated) backward and diagonally-leftward, thework machine 1 turns leftward traveling backward at a speed corresponding to a swinging angle of theoperation lever 54. When theoperation lever 54 is swung (operated) backward and diagonally-rightward, thework machine 1 turns rightward traveling backward at a speed corresponding to a swinging angle of theoperation lever 54. - As shown in
FIG. 2 , the hydraulic system for work is a system configured to operate thebooms 10. thebucket 11, an auxiliary attachment, and the like. The hydraulic system for work includes a plurality ofcontrol valves 56 and an operation hydraulic pump 8 a second hydraulic pump) P2. - The second hydraulic pump P2 is a pump arranged on a position different from the position of the first hydraulic pump P1, and is constituted of a constant displacement gear pump. The second hydraulic pump P2 is configured to output the operation fluid stored in the
operation fluid tank 22. In particular, the second hydraulic pump P2 outputs the operation fluid mainly used for operating the hydraulic actuators. - A main fluid tube (a fluid path) 39 is disposed on an output side of the second hydraulic pump P2. The plurality of
control valves 56 are connected to the mainfluid tube 39. Thecontrol valve 56 is a valve configured to be switched by the pilot pressure of the pilot fluid, and thereby thecontrol valve 56 is configured to change a direction of supplying of the operation fluid. - As shown in
FIG. 2 , the plurality ofcontrol valves 56 includes afirst control valve 56A, asecond control valve 56B, and athird control valve 56C. - The
first control valve 56A is a valve configured to control the hydraulic cylinder (the boom cylinder) 14 for controlling the boom. - The
second control valve 56B is a valve configured to control the hydraulic cylinder (the bucket cylinder) 15 for controlling the bucket. - The
third control valve 56C is a valve configured to control the auxiliary hydraulic actuators attached to the auxiliary attachments such as the hydraulic crusher, the hydraulic breaker, the angle broom, the earth auger, the pallet fork, the sweeper, the mower, the snow blower. - Each of the
first control valve 56A and thesecond control valve 56B is constituted of a three-position switch valve having a direct-acting spool that is configured to be driven by the pilot pressure. Each of thefirst control valve 56A and thesecond control valve 56B is switched by the pilot pressure to a neutral position, to a first position different from the neural position, and to a second position different from the neutral position and the first position. - The
boom cylinder 14 is connected to thefirst control valve 56A by a fluid tube. Thebucket cylinder 15 is connected to thesecond control valve 56B by a fluid tube. - The
boom 10 and thebucket 11 are operated by anoperation device 48 arranged around theoperator seat 8. Theoperation device 48 includes anoperation member 58 and a plurality of pilot valves (operation valves) 59, theoperation member 58 being supported swingably. - The
operation member 58 is an operation lever supported by theoperation valves 59 and configured to be swung in the rightward and leftward directions (the machine width direction) or in the forward and backward directions. In addition, the plurality ofoperation valves 59 are operated in accordance with the swinging of the operation member (the operation lever) 58. - The
output fluid tube 40 is connected to the plurality ofoperation valves 59, and thus the operation fluid (the pilot fluid) is supplied from the first hydraulic pump P1 to theoperation valves 59 through theoutput fluid tube 40. - The plurality of
operation valves 59 include theoperation valve 59A, theoperation valve 59B, theoperation valve 59C, and theoperation valve 59D. - When the
operation lever 58 is swung forward (a forward operation is performed), theoperation valve 59A changes the pressure of the operation fluid in accordance with an operation amount (an operation extent) of the forward operation. - When the
operation lever 58 is swung backward (a backward operation is performed), theoperation valve 59B changes the pressure of the operation fluid in accordance with an operation amount (an operation extent) of the backward operation. - When the
operation lever 58 is swung rightward (a rightward operation is performed), theoperation valve 59C changes the pressure of the operation fluid in accordance with an operation amount (an operation extent) of the rightward operation. - When the
operation lever 58 is swung leftward (a leftward operation is performed), theoperation valve 59D changes the pressure of the operation fluid in accordance with an operation amount (an operation extent) of the leftward operation. - The plurality of operation valves 59 (the
operation valve 59A, theoperation valve 59B, theoperation valve 59C, and theoperation valve 59D) are connected to a workingfluid tube 43. The workingfluid tube 43 includes a first workingfluid tube 43 a, a second workingfluid tube 43 b, a third workingfluid tube 43 c, and a fourth workingfluid tube 43 d. - The first working
fluid tube 43 a is a fluid tube connected to thefirst control valve 56A and theoperation valve 59A. - The second working
fluid tube 43 b is a fluid tube connected to thefirst control valve 56A and theoperation valve 59B. - The third working
fluid tube 43 c is a fluid tube connected to thesecond control valve 56B and theoperation valve 59C. - The fourth working
fluid tube 43 d is a fluid tube connected to thesecond control valve 56B and theoperation valve 59D. - When the
operation lever 58 is tilted forward, the pilot valve (operation valve) 59A for downward movement is operated to set the pilot pressure of the pilot fluid that is to be outputted from the downwardmovement operation valve 59A. The pilot pressure is applied to the pressure-receiving portion of thefirst control valve 56A, and thereby shortening theboom cylinder 14 to move theboom 10 downward. - When the
operation lever 58 is tilted backward, the pilot valve (operation valve) 59B for upward movement is operated to set the pilot pressure of the pilot fluid that is to be outputted from the upwardmovement operation valve 59B. The pilot pressure is applied to the pressure-receiving portion of thefirst control valve 56A, and thereby stretching theboom cylinder 14 to move theboom 10 upward. - When the
operation lever 58 is tilted rightward, the pilot valve (operation valve) 59C for bucket dumping is operated to set the pilot pressure of the pilot fluid that is to be outputted from the bucket dumpingoperation valve 59C. The pilot pressure is applied to the pressure-receiving portion of thesecond control valve 56B, and thereby stretching thebucket cylinder 15 to perform the dumping movement of thebucket 11. - When the
operation lever 58 is tilted leftward, the pilot valve (operation valve) 59D for bucket shoveling is operated to set the pilot pressure of the pilot fluid that is to be outputted from the bucket dumpingoperation valve 59D. The pilot pressure is applied to the pressure-receiving portion of thesecond control valve 56B, and thereby shortening thebucket cylinder 15 to perform the shoveling movement of thebucket 11. - The
third control valve 56C is constituted of a three-position switch valve having a direct-acting spool that is configured to be driven by the pilot pressure. Thethird control valve 56C is switched by the pilot pressure to afirst position 62 a, to asecond position 62 b, and to a third position (a neutral position) 62 c. - That is, the
third control valve 56C is switched to thefirst position 62 a, to thesecond position 62 b, and to the third position 62C, and thereby controls a direction, a flow rate, and a pressure of the operation fluid flowing to the auxiliary hydraulic actuator. - A supply-discharge fluid tube (a supply-discharge fluid path) 83 is connected to the
third control valve 56C. One end of the supply-discharge (supply-drain)fluid tube 83 is connected to a supply-discharge port of thethird control valve 56C. An intermediate portion of the supply-discharge fluid tube 83 is connected to theconnection member 50. The other end of the supply-discharge fluid tube 83 is connected to the auxiliary hydraulic actuator. The supply-discharge fluid tube 83 is constituted of the first tube member and the second tube member described above. - In particular, the supply-
discharge fluid tube 83 includes a first supply-discharge (supply-drain)fluid tube 83 a that connects a first supply-discharge (supply-drain) port of thethird control valve 56C to a first port of theconnection member 50. In addition, the supply-discharge fluid tube 83 includes a second supply-discharge (supply-drain)fluid tube 83 b that connects a second supply-discharge port of thethird control valve 56C to a second port of theconnection member 50. - That is, the operation of the
third control valve 56C allows to supply the operation fluid from thethird control valve 56C toward the first supply-discharge fluid tube 83 a, and to supply the operation fluid from thethird control valve 56C toward the second supply-discharge fluid tube 83 b. - The
third control valve 56C is operated by a plurality ofproportional valves 60. Each of theproportional valves 60 is constituted of an electromagnetic valve configured to change an aperture of the proportional valve by being magnetized. The plurality ofproportional valves 60 include a firstproportional valve 60A and a secondproportional valve 60B. - An output fluid tube (an output fluid path) 40 is connected to the first
proportional valve 60A and the secondproportional valve 60B. The proportional valves 60 (the firstproportional valve 60A and the secondproportional valve 60B) and thethird control valve 56C are connected to each other by a fluid tube (a fluid path) 86. - The
fluid tube 86 is a fluid for supplying the pilot fluid to thethird control valve 56C through the proportional valves 60 (the firstproportional valve 60A and the secondproportional valve 60B). Thefluid tube 86 is constituted of a tube member such as a steel tube, a pipe, and a hose. - The
fluid tube 86 includes a firstcontrol fluid tube 86 a and a secondcontrol fluid tube 86 b. The first control fluid tube a connects the firstproportional valve 60A to the pressure-receivingportion 61 a of thethird control valve 56C. The secondcontrol fluid tube 86 b connects the secondproportional valve 60B to the pressure-receivingportion 61 b of thethird control valve 56C. - Thus, the pilot fluid is applied to the pressure-receiving
portion 61 a of thethird control valve 56C through the firstcontrol fluid tube 86 a when the firstproportional valve 60A is opened, and then the pilot pressure given (applied) to the pressure-receivingportion 61 a on the basis of the aperture of the firstproportional valve 60A. - When the pilot pressure applied to the pressure-receiving
portion 61 a is equal to or more than a predetermined pressure, thethird control valve 56C is switched from the third position (the neutral position) 62 c to thefirst position 62 a by movement of the spool. - In addition, the pilot fluid is applied to the pressure-receiving
portion 61 b of thethird control valve 56C through the secondcontrol fluid tube 86 b when the secondproportional valve 60B is opened, and then the pilot pressure given (applied) to the pressure-receivingportion 61 b on the basis of the aperture of the secondproportional valve 60B. - When the pilot pressure applied to the pressure-receiving
portion 61 b is equal to or more than a predetermined pressure, thethird control valve 56C is switched from the third position (the neutral position) 62 c to thesecond position 62 b by movement of the spool. - The control device (the first control device) 90 magnetizes the proportional valves 60 (the first
proportional valve 60A and the secondproportional valve 60B). Thecontrol device 90 is constituted of a CPU and the like. Aswitch 96 is connected to thecontrol device 90, theswitch 96 being arranged around theoperator seat 8. The control device (the first control device) 90 may be referred to as the controller (the first controller) 90 - The
switch 96 is constituted of a seesaw switch configured to be swung, a slide switch configured to be slid, or a push switch configured to be pushed. An operation of theswitch 96 is inputted to thecontrol device 90. - The operation of the
switch 96 opens and closes the firstproportional valve 60A or the secondproportional valve 60B. In this manner, the auxiliary actuator is operated under the control of thecontrol device 90. - As shown in
FIG. 1 , thework machine 1 includes a control device (a controller) 92 in addition to thecontrol device 90, thecontrol device 92 being configured to control theprime mover 32. For example, in a case where theprime mover 32 is an engine, thecontrol device 92 is an engine control device (an engine controller). - For convenience of the explanation, the explanation will be made assuming that the
prime mover 32 is an engine. In the following explanations, the control device (controller) 90 will be referred to as “a first control device (first controller) 90”, and the control device (controller) 92 will be referred to as “a second control device (second controller) 92”. - An ordering
member 93 is connected to thesecond control device 92. The orderingmember 93 is configured to order a target engine revolution speed (referred to as a target revolution speed of engine). The orderingmember 93 includes apedal portion 93 a and asensor 93 b. Thesensor 93 b detects an operation amount (an operation extent) of thepedal portion 93 a. - The
pedal portion 93 a is constituted of an acceleration lever supported swingably or an acceleration pedal supported swingably. The operation amount (operation extent) detected by thesensor 93 b is inputted to thesecond control device 92. The operation amount (operation extent) detected by thesensor 93 b is the target revolution speed of engine. - A sensor (measurement device) 94 is connected to the
second control device 92. Thesensor 94 is configured to detect an actual engine revolution speed (referred to as an actual revolution speed of the engine). - The
second control device 91 provides a general engine control, and outputs the control signals representing a fuel injection amount, an injection timing, and a fuel injection rate to an injector, for example. In addition, thesecond control device 92 outputs the control signal representing the fuel injection pressure to a supply pump and to the common rail. - That is, the second control device controls the injector, the supply pump, and the common rail such that the actual revolution speed of the engine satisfies the target revolution speed of the engine.
- The
first control device 90 performs a control (an anti-stall control) to prevent an engine stall in addition to the control to theproportional valves 60 and the like. in particular, an operation valve (a second operation valve 44) is connected to thefirst control device 90, theoperation valve 44 being disposed on theoutput fluid tube 40. - In the embodiment, the
operation valve 44 is constituted of an electromagnetic valve (a proportional valve). Thefirst control device 90 changes an aperture of theproportional valve 44 on the basis of a drop amount of the engine that is a difference between the target revolution speed of the engine and the actual revolution speed of the engine, thereby preventing the engine stall. - The
first control device 90 is capable of obtaining the actual revolution speed of the engine and the target revolution speed of the engine. Meanwhile, theoperation valve 44 may be constituted of a switch valve or may be constituted of a throttle portion. -
FIG. 3 is a view illustrating a relation between the engine revolution sped, a travel primary pressure, the control line L1, and the control line L2. - The travel primary pressure is a pressure (the pilot pressure) of the operation fluid in a section from the
proportional valve 44 to the operation valves 55 (theoperation valve 55A, theoperation valve 55B, theoperation valve 55C, and theoperation valve 55D). That is, the travel primary pressure is a primary pressure of the operation fluid flowing into theoperation valves 55 disposed to theoperation lever 54. - The control line L1 shows a relation between the travel primary pressure and the engine revolution speed of a case where the drop amount is less than a predetermined amount.
- The control line L2 shows a relation between the travel primary pressure and the engine revolution speed of a case where the drop amount is equal to or more than the predetermined amount.
- The
first control device 90 adjusts the aperture of theproportional valve 44 in the case where the drop amount is less than the predetermined amount such that the relation between the actual revolution speed of the engine and the travel primary pressure corresponds to the control line L1. In addition, thefirst control device 90 adjusts the aperture of theproportional valve 44 in the case where the drop amount is equal to or more than the predetermined amount such that the relation between the actual revolution speed of the engine and the travel primary pressure corresponds to the control line L2. - On the control line L2, the travel primary pressure to a predetermined engine revolution speed is lower than the travel primary pressure of the control line L1. That is, at the identical engine revolution speed, the travel primary pressure of the control line L2 is lower than the travel primary pressure of the control line L1.
- In this manner, the pressure (the pilot pressure) of the operation fluid flowing into the
operation valves 55 is suppressed to be low under the control based on the control line L2. As the result, the swash plate angle of the HST pump 66 of the HST pump (the travel pump) 53 is adjusted, and thereby a load applied to theengine 32 is reduced to prevent the engine stall of theengine 32. - Meanwhile, the control line L2 is shown singularly in
FIG. 3 . However, a plurality of the control lines L2 may be provided. For example, the control lines L2 may be set for each of the engine revolution speeds. In addition, thefirst control device 90 may have the dada or the control parameters such as the functions representing the control line L1 and the control line L2. - Then, the hydraulic system is provided with a circuit capable of reducing the pressure (performing the pressure reduction) of the operation fluid in the travel fluid tube (the second fluid tube) 45. As shown in
FIG. 1 , a discharge fluid tube (a drain fluid tube) 71 is connected to the travel fluid tube (the second fluid tube) 45. - In particular, the
discharge fluid tube 71 includes a first discharge fluid tube (a first drain fluid tube) 71 a, a second discharge fluid tube (a second drain fluid tube) 71 b, a third discharge fluid tube (a third drain fluid tube) 71 c, a fourth discharge fluid tube (a fourth drain fluid tube) 71 d, and a fifth discharge fluid tube (a fifth drain fluid tube) 71 e. - The first
discharge fluid tube 71 a is a fluid tube branching from an intermediated portion of the firsttravel fluid tube 45 a. The seconddischarge fluid tube 71 b is a fluid tube branching from an intermediated portion of the secondtravel fluid tube 45 b. - The third
discharge fluid tube 71 c is a fluid tube branching from an intermediated portion of the thirdtravel fluid tube 45 c. The fourthdischarge fluid tube 71 d is a fluid tube branching from an intermediated portion of the fourthtravel fluid tube 45 d. - The fifth
discharge fluid tube 71 e is a fluid tube connecting the firstdischarge fluid tube 71 a, the seconddischarge fluid tube 71 b, the thirddischarge fluid tube 71 c, and the fourthdischarge fluid tube 71 d to each other. The fifthdischarge fluid tube 71 e is connected also to theoperation fluid tank 22. An operation valve (a first operation valve) 72 is connected to an intermediate portion of the fifthdischarge fluid tube 71 e. - Check
valves 73 are disposed to each of the firstdischarge fluid tube 71 a, the seconddischarge fluid tube 71 b, the thirddischarge fluid tube 71 c, and the fourthdischarge fluid tube 71 d. - A connecting portion between the second fluid tube 45 (the first
travel fluid tube 45 a, the secondtravel fluid tube 45 b, the thirdtravel fluid tube 45 c, and the fourthtravel fluid tube 45 d) and the discharge fluid tubes 71 (the firstdischarge fluid tube 71 a, the seconddischarge fluid tube 71 b, the thirddischarge fluid tube 71 c, and the fourthdischarge fluid tube 71 d) is referred to as “a connecting portion C1”. - In that case, the
check valve 73 allows the operation fluid to flow from the connecting portion C1 to the fifthdischarge fluid tube 71 e and blocks the operation fluid flowing from the fifthdischarge fluid tube 71 e to the connecting portion C1. - A
throttle portion 74 is disposed on the travel fluid tube (the second fluid tube) 45. Thethrottle portion 74 is configured to reduce a flow amount of the operation fluid from theoperation valve 55 to thedischarge fluid tube 71. Thethrottle portion 74 includes afirst throttle portion 74 a, asecond throttle portion 74 b, athird throttle portion 74 c, and afourth throttle portion 74 d. - The
first throttle portion 74 a is a throttle that is disposed on an upper stream of the connection portion C1 connected to the firstdischarge fluid tube 71 a (on a side of the operation valve 55) in the firsttravel fluid tube 45 a. - The
second throttle portion 74 b is a throttle that is disposed on the upper stream of the connection portion C1 connected to the seconddischarge fluid tube 71 b in the secondtravel fluid tube 45 b. - The
third throttle portion 74 c is a throttle that is disposed on the upper stream of the connection portion C1 connected to the thirddischarge fluid tube 71 c in the thirdtravel fluid tube 45 c. - The
fourth throttle portion 74 d is a throttle that is disposed on the upper stream of the connection portion C1 connected to the fourthdischarge fluid tube 71 d in the fourthtravel fluid tube 45 d. - The
operation valve 72 is a variable relief valve configured to magnetize a solenoid of theoperation valve 72 and thereby to change a set pressure of theoperation valve 72. When the set pressure of thevariable relief valve 72 is set to be lower than a predetermined pressure (to be lower than the pressure of the operation fluid in the second fluid tube 45), thevariable relief valve 72 is operated (opened). - Thus, the operation fluid of the second fluid tube 45 (the first
travel fluid tube 45 a, the secondtravel fluid tube 45 b, the thirdtravel fluid tube 45 c, and the fourthtravel fluid tube 45 d) can be supplied to the fifthdischarge fluid tube 71 e and then discharged (drained) to theoperation fluid tank 22 through thevariable relief valve 72. - On the other hand, when the set pressure of the
variable relief valve 72 is increased (sets the set pressure to be larger than the pressure of the operation fluid in the second fluid tube 45), thevariable relief valve 72 is not operated (still closed). - Thus, the operation fluid in the
second fluid tube 45 dose not flow to the fifthdischarge fluid tube 71 e, and thus the pressure of the operation fluid in thesecond fluid tube 45 operates the travel pump 53L and thetravel pump 53R. - The
control device 90 changes the set pressure of thevariable relief valve 72. A detection device (a first temperature sensor or a first measurement detector) 91 is connected to thecontrol device 90. Thedetection device 91 is configured to detect (measure) a temperature of the operation fluid. - The
first detection device 91 detects (measures) a temperature of the operation fluid in theoperation fluid tank 22, a temperature of the operation fluid outputted from the first hydraulic pump P1, and the like. For example, thefirst measurement device 91 is disposed on a hose or a pipe connected to a suction port of the first hydraulic pump P1. - Meanwhile, the
first detection device 91 may be disposed in front of the branching of the first hydraulic pump P1 and the second hydraulic pump P2 or behind the branching of the first hydraulic pump P1 and the second hydraulic pump P2. In addition, an installation site of thefirst detection device 91 is not limited to the above-mentioned site. - In a case where the temperature of the operation fluid (the fluid temperature) measured by the
first measurement device 91 is equal to or less than a predetermined temperature, thecontrol device 90 outputs a control signal and the like to reduce the set pressure of thevariable relief valve 72 to be lower than a predetermined value (reduce the set pressure such that a secondary pressure is lower than the primary pressure of the operation valve 55), thereby opening thevariable relief valve 72. - For example, in a case where the fluid temperature is equal to or less than a predetermined temperature and is a low temperature, the set pressure of the
variable relief valve 72 is set to be minimum. The low temperature corresponds to a temperature range where a viscosity of the operation fluid is very high, the operation fluid having a viscosity grade (a dynamic viscosity) generally used for the work machine, and a range where the pressure of the operation fluid is increased in the fluid tube. For example, the pressure of the operation fluid is increased when the fluid temperature is 0° C. or less, especially when the fluid temperature is −10° C. or less. - Meanwhile, the aperture of the operation valve 72 (the variable relief valve 72) is not limited to the above-mentioned aperture. For example, in a case where the fluid temperature is high, the set value of the variable of
relief valve 72 may be increased to make thevariable relief valve 72 be closed (fully closed). - In this manner, the set pressure of the
variable relief valve 72 is lowered in the case where the fluid temperature measured by thefirst measurement device 91 is low, and thus the operation fluid of the secondary side (the second fluid tube 45) of theoperation valve 55 can be circulated, thereby easily warming up the operation fluid. - In addition, the set pressure of the
variable relief valve 72 is lowered in the case where the temperature of the operation fluid is low (the pilot pressure is limited), and thus the movement of thework machine 1 can be slow down to prevent an error in operation. - Meanwhile, a measurement device (sensor) configured to measure the primary pressure and the secondary pressure of the
operation valve 55 may be provided, and thereby the set pressure of thevariable relief valve 72 may be changed such that “the primary pressure>the secondary pressure” is satisfied in the case where the operation fluid is at the low temperature. - In addition, the
control device 90 returns the set pressure of thevariable relief valve 72 to the predetermined set pressure in a case where the temperature of the operation fluid (the fluid temperature) measured by thefirst measurement device 91 is not equal to or less than the predetermined temperature (the low temperature). - Meanwhile, the
control device 90 may be provided with a second measurement device (sensor) 95 that is configured to measure (detect) a temperature of outside air (an outside temperature). Thecontrol device 90 may change the set pressure of thevariable relief valve 72 on the basis of the temperature of outside air measured by thesecond measurement device 95. The outside temperature is a temperature of a periphery of thework machine 1 or a temperature of a periphery of the devices mounted on thework machine 1, for example. - In particular, the
variable relief valve 72 is opened in a case where the temperature of the operation fluid is equal to or less than a predetermined temperature and the temperature of outside air measured by thesecond measurement device 95 is equal to or less than a predetermined temperature. For example, the set pressure of thevariable relief valve 72 is lowered in a case where the outside temperature measured by thesecond measurement device 95 is low equal to or less than the degree below freezing and the fluid temperature measured by thefirst measurement device 91 is low. - Meanwhile, the
operation valve 72 is constituted of thevariable relief valve 72 in the embodiment mentioned above, thevariable relief valve 72 being configured to change the set pressure. However, theoperation valve 72 may be constituted of an electromagnetic proportional valve (a proportional valve). Also in that case, theproportional valve 72 is opened in the case where the temperature (the fluid temperature) of the operation fluid is equal to or less than the predetermined temperature (low), the temperature being measured by thefirst measurement device 91, and theproportional valve 72 is closed in the case where the fluid temperature is not equal to or less than the predetermined temperature. - In addition, in the case where the
second measurement device 95 is provided, theproportional valve 72 is opened in the case where the temperature of the operation fluid is equal to or less than the predetermined temperature and the temperature of outside air measured by thesecond measurement device 95 is equal to or less than the predetermined temperature, and is closed in other cases. - The
control device 90 may control theproportional valve 72 in the similar manner to thevariable relief valve 72. - The hydraulic system according to the embodiment easily warms up the operation fluid in the fluid tube from the operation valve for operating a hydraulic device to the hydraulic device. In addition, the hydraulic system according to the embodiment improves a responsibility of the anti-stall control, the anti-stall control preventing the engine stall. Moreover, the hydraulic system according to the embodiment improves the traveling performance of the work machine. Furthermore, the hydraulic system according to the embodiment easily brakes the work machine and releases the braking.
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FIG. 4 is a view illustrating a hydraulic system according to a second embodiment of the present invention. The hydraulic system for travel according to the second embodiment can be applied to the hydraulic system according to the first embodiment described above. Thus, explanations of configurations similar to the configurations of the first embodiment will be omitted. - As shown in
FIG. 4 , the hydraulic system is provided with a third fluid tube (a third fluid path) 100 in theoutput fluid tube 40. The thirdfluid tube 100 connects thesecond fluid tube 45 to asection 40A that is positioned between the plurality ofoperation valves 55 and theproportional valve 44. - The third
fluid tube 100 includes a first communication fluid tube (a first communication fluid path) 101 and a second communication fluid tube (a second communication fluid path) 102. The firstcommunication fluid tube 101 is a fluid tube (a fluid path) connecting an intermediate portion of the firsttravel fluid tube 45 a to an intermediate portion of the secondtravel fluid tube 45 b. - Meanwhile, the first
communication fluid tube 101 may be a fluid tube connecting an intermediate portion of the thirdtravel fluid tube 45 b to the fourthtravel fluid tube 45 d. - The second
communication fluid tube 102 is a fluid tube (a fluid path) connecting an intermediate portion of the firstcommunication fluid tube 101 to thesection 40A of theoutput fluid tube 40. Hereinafter, a connecting portion connecting the firsttravel fluid tube 45 a to the firstcommunication fluid tube 101 is referred to as “a connecting portion C2”, a connecting portion connecting the secondtravel fluid tube 45 b to the firstcommunication fluid tube 101 is referred to as “a connecting portion C3”, and a connecting portion connecting the firstcommunication fluid tube 101 to the secondcommunication fluid tube 102 is referred to as “a connecting portion C4”. - In that case,
check valves communication fluid tube 101 and a section between the connecting portion C3 and the connecting portion C4 in the firstcommunication fluid tube 101. - The
check valve 103 a allows the operation fluid to flow from the firsttravel fluid tube 45 a to the secondcommunication fluid tube 102 and blocks the flowing of the operation fluid flowing from the secondcommunication fluid tube 102 to the firsttravel fluid tube 45 a. Thecheck valve 103 b allows the operation fluid to flow from the secondtravel fluid tube 45 b to the secondcommunication fluid tube 102 and blocks the flowing of the operation fluid flowing from the secondcommunication fluid tube 102 to the secondtravel fluid tube 45 b. - That is, each of the
check valves second fluid tube 45 to the output fluid tube 40 (thesection 40A) and blocks the flowing of the operation fluid flowing from the output fluid tube 40 (thesection 40A) to thesecond fluid tube 45. - In addition, the travel fluid tube (the second fluid tube) 45 is provided with a
throttle portion 104 that is configured to reduce a flow rate of the operation fluid flowing from theoperation valve 55 to the third fluid tube 100 (the first communication fluid tube 101). Thethrottle portion 104 includes afirst throttle portion 104 a and asecond throttle portion 104 b. - The
first throttle portion 104 a is a throttle disposed on an upper stream (on a side of the operation valve 55) of the connecting portion C2 of the firsttravel fluid tube 45 a. Thesecond throttle portion 104 b is a throttle disposed on an upper stream of the connecting portion C2 of the secondtravel fluid tube 45 b. - In the case where the anti-stall control is performed, the aperture of the
operation valve 44 is set on the basis of the drop amount, and thereby the pressure of the secondary side of the operation valve 55 (the pressure of the operation fluid in the second fluid tube 45) is reduced. - In a case where a path (the second fluid tube 45) from the
operation valve 55 to the travel pumps 53L and 53R is long or a throttle portion is disposed on thesecond fluid tube 45, a time for the reduction of the pressure of the secondary side of the operation valve 55 (the pressure of the operation fluid in the second fluid tube 45) is long, and thus resulting in a response delay. - The hydraulic system for the work machine described above includes the third
fluid tube 100 and the check valve 103. The thirdfluid tube 100 connects thesecond fluid tube 45 to thesection 40A positioned between theoperation valve 55 and theproportional valve 44. The check valve 103 is disposed on the thirdfluid tube 100. Thus, the operation fluid in thesecond fluid tube 45 can be discharged (drained) through the thirdfluid tube 100 and theproportional valve 44 in a case where the revolution speed of the engine widely drops, that is, in a case where the drop amount is large. - In this manner, the response delay mentioned above can be prevented. That is, in the case where the revolution speed of the engine widely drops, the pressure of the operation fluid can be rapidly reduced in the
second fluid tube 45, and thereby the engine stall is prevented. - In addition, even in a case where the
throttle portion 104 is disposed between theoperation valve 55 and a portion connected to the thirdfluid tube 100 on thesecond fluid tube 45, the pressure of the operation fluid can be rapidly reduced in thesecond fluid tube 45 as described above, and thereby the engine stall is prevented. - The hydraulic system according to the embodiment easily warms up the operation fluid in the fluid tube from the operation valve for operating a hydraulic device to the hydraulic device. In addition, the hydraulic system according to the embodiment improves a responsibility of the anti-stall control, the anti-stall control preventing the engine stall. Moreover, the hydraulic system according to the embodiment improves the traveling performance of the work machine. Furthermore, the hydraulic system according to the embodiment easily brakes the work machine and releases the braking.
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FIG. 5 is a view illustrating a hydraulic system according to a third embodiment of the present invention. The hydraulic system for travel according to the third embodiment can be applied to the hydraulic systems according to the first embodiment and the second embodiment described above. Thus, explanations of configurations similar to the configurations of the first embodiment and the second embodiment will be omitted. - As shown in
FIG. 5 , the hydraulic system according to the embodiment includes a pressure changing portion (a pressure changer) 110. Thepressure changing portion 110 is configured to differentiates the pressures of the operation fluids applied from thetravel operation device 47 to the hydraulic devices from each other in a case where operation manners of the operation device (the travel operation device) 47 is various. - For example, the
pressure changing portion 110 differentiates a first pressure of the operation fluid from a second pressure of the operation fluid. The first pressure is applied from theoperation valve 55 to the hydraulic devices such as the travel pumps 53L and 53R in a case where theoperation member 54 is operated to one direction (for example, forward). The second pressure is applied from theoperation valve 55 to the hydraulic devices such as the travel pumps 53L and 53R in a case where theoperation member 54 is operated to the other direction (for example, backward). - For convenience of the explanation, the
operation valve 55A will be referred to as thefirst operation valve 55A, theoperation valve 55B will be referred to as thesecond operation valve 55B, theoperation valve 55C will be referred to as thethird operation valve 55C, and theoperation valve 55D will be referred to as thefourth operation valve 55D in the embodiment. - In particular, the
pressure changing portion 110 includes a firstvariable relief valve 121 and a secondvariable relief valve 122. - A port (an input port) of the first
variable relief valve 121 is connected to thefirst operation valve 55A among the operation valves 55 (thefirst operation valve 55A and thesecond operation valve 55B) to be operated when theoperation member 54 is operated (moved) to a first direction. - A
discharge fluid tube 111 is connected to a connection tube (a connection path) 45d 2 that is connected to an output port of thefirst operation valve 55A. An input port of the firstvariable relief valve 121 is connected to thedischarge fluid tube 111. - The second
variable relief valve 122 is connected to thesecond operation valve 55B among the operation valves 55 (thefirst operation valve 55A and thesecond operation valve 55B) to be operated when theoperation member 54 is operated (moved) to a first direction. - A
discharge fluid tube 112 is connected to the connection tube (the connection path) 45d 2 that is connected to an output port of thesecond operation valve 55B. An input port of the secondvariable relief valve 122 is connected to thedischarge fluid tube 112. - The
discharge fluid tube 111 and thedischarge fluid tube 112 are confluent with each other on the downstream sides of the firstvariable relief valve 121 and the secondvariable relief valve 122. Arelief valve 123 is disposed on a section being on a downstream side of the confluence between thedischarge fluid tube 111 and thedischarge fluid tube 112. Thedischarge fluid tube 111 and thedischarge fluid tube 112 are connected to theoperation fluid tank 22 and the like, thedischarge fluid tube 111 and thedischarge fluid tube 112 being disposed on a downstream side of therelief valve 123. - A pressure-receiving
portion 121A of the firstvariable relief valve 121 is connected to thethird operation valve 55C and thefourth operation valve 55D by a fluid tube (a fluid path) 113. A pressure-receivingportion 122A of the secondvariable relief valve 122 is connected to thethird operation valve 55C and thefourth operation valve 55D by the fluid tube (the fluid path) 113. - A
check valve 114 is disposed on an intermediate portion of thefluid tube 113. Thecheck valve 114 includes acheck valve 114 a and acheck valve 114 b. Thecheck valve 114 a is disposed on a fluid tube (a fluid path) 113 a connected to theoperation valve 55D, the fluid tube 113 a being included in thefluid tube 113. Thecheck valve 114 b is disposed on a fluid tube (a fluid path) 113 b connected to theoperation valve 55D, thefluid tube 113 b being included in thefluid tube 113. - For example, in a case where the
first operation valve 55A being swingable is operated (moved) to the first direction (the machine width direction), thethird operation valve 55C and the fourth operation valve 44D both being swingable may be operated (moved) to a second direction (the forward direction and the backward direction). In that case, the operations of thethird operation valve 55C and thefourth operation valve 55D change the pressure of the operation fluids applied to the pressure-receiving portions of the firstvariable relief valve 121 and the secondvariable relief valve 122. In this manner, the set pressures of the firstvariable relief valve 121 and the secondvariable relief valve 122 can be reduced (lowered). - When the set pressures of the first
variable relief valve 121 and the secondvariable relief valve 122 is equal to or more than a predetermined pressure, the firstvariable relief valve 121 and the secondvariable relief valve 122 relief the operation fluid, and thus the pressure applied to thesecond fluid tube 45 can be changed in the case where thefirst operation valve 55A is operated. - That is, when the
third operation valve 55C and thefourth operation valve 55D are operated (moved) under the operation of thefirst operation valve 55A, the pressures of the operation fluids applied to the firsttravel fluid tube 45 a and the thirdravel fluid tube 45 c can be changed, and thus a turning speed of thework machine 1 can be changed. - Additionally, in a case where the
third operation valve 55C and thefourth operation valve 55D are operated (moved) under the operation of thesecond operation valve 55B to the other direction (backward), the pressures of the operation fluids applied to the secondtravel fluid tube 45 b and the fourthravel fluid tube 45 d can be changed, the pressures being generated when thesecond operation valve 55B is operated by changing the set pressures of the firstvariable relief valve 121 and the secondvariable relief valve 122. That is, the turning speed of thework machine 1 can be changed also in the case where thethird operation valve 55C and thefourth operation valve 55D are operated under the operation of thesecond operation valve 55B. - As described above, the
pressure changing portion 110 differentiates a third pressure of the operation fluid from a fourth pressure of the operation fluid. The third pressure is applied from thefirst operation valve 55A to the travel pumps 53L and 53R in a case where theoperation member 54 is operated to one direction (for example, leftward). The fourth pressure is applied from thesecond operation valve 55B to the travel pumps 53L and 53R in a case where theoperation member 54 is operated to the other direction (for example, backward). In this manner, that configuration improves a responsibility in starting the turn from the straight traveling. - For convenience of the explanations, the
operation valve 55A is referred to as the first operation valve, theoperation valve 55B is referred to as the second operation valve, theoperation valve 55C is referred to as the third operation valve, theoperation valve 55D is referred to as the fourth operation valve, the valve connected to the input port of the firstvariable relief valve 121 is referred to as the first operation valve, and the valve connected to the input port of the secondvariable relief valve 122 is referred to as the second operation valve in the embodiment mentioned above. However, the first operation valve and the second operation valve are not limited to the embodiment described above. Each of the first operation valve and the second operation valve may correspond to any one of theoperation valve 55A, theoperation valve 55B, theoperation valve 55C, and theoperation valve 55D, and thus all of the combinations may be employed. - In addition, the input port of the first
variable relief valve 121 may be connected to the third operation valve, and the secondvariable relief valve 122 may be connected to the fourth operation valve. - Moreover, the
pressure changing portion 110 may differentiate the pressure of the operation fluid applied from the first operation valve or the second operation valve to the hydraulic device from the pressure of the operation fluid applied from the third operation valve or the fourth operation valve to the hydraulic device. - The hydraulic system according to the embodiment easily warms up the operation fluid in the fluid tube from the operation valve for operating a hydraulic device to the hydraulic device. In addition, the hydraulic system according to the embodiment improves a responsibility of the anti-stall control, the anti-stall control preventing the engine stall. Moreover, the hydraulic system according to the embodiment improves the traveling performance of the work machine. Furthermore, the hydraulic system according to the embodiment easily brakes the work machine and releases the braking.
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FIG. 6 andFIG. 7 show a hydraulic system according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention. The hydraulic system according to the fourth embodiment can be applied to the hydraulic systems according to the first embodiment to the third embodiment described above. Thus, explanations of configurations similar to the configurations of the first embodiment to the third embodiment will be omitted. - In the embodiments described above, the traveling (the forward traveling, the backward traveling, the leftward traveling, and the rightward traveling) of the
work machine 1 is controlled singularly by theoperation member 54. In the fourth embodiment, the traveling of thework machine 1 is controlled by a plurality of operation members. For example, the operation member (the operation lever) 54 is arranged to the left of theoperator seat 8, and the operation member (the operation lever) 58 is arranged to the right of theoperator seat 8. Then, theoperation valve 55 may be operated by the two operation levers, theoperation lever 54 and theoperation lever 58. - As shown in
FIG. 6 , theoperation device 47 is arranged to the left of theoperator seat 8, and is capable of performing an operation (a traveling operation) relating to the traveling of thework machine 1 and an operation (a working operation) relating to the working by thework machine 1. - As shown in
FIG. 7 , theoperation device 48 is arranged to the right of theoperator seat 8, and is capable of performing the operation (the traveling operation) relating to the traveling of thework machine 1 and the operation (the working operation) relating to the working by thework machine 1. - For convenience of the explanations, the
operation device 47 will be referred to as afirst operation device 47, and theoperation device 48 will be referred to as asecond operation device 48. In addition, theoperation member 54 will be referred to as afirst operation member 54, and theoperation member 58 will be referred to as asecond operation member 48. - The
first operation member 54 is a lever configured to perform a first operation to be moved in the forward direction and the backward direction (in the first direction) and a second operation to be moved in the machine width direction (in the second direction). In thefirst operation member 54, the first operation is allocated to the traveling operation, and the second operation is allocated to the working operation. - That is, the
first operation member 54 serves as both of an operation member for traveling (a travel operation member) and an operation member for working (a work operation member). Meanwhile, thefirst operation member 54 is not limited to the lever, and may be constituted of another member configured to at least perform the first operation and the second operation independently. - The plurality of
operation valves 55 are disposed on an lower portion of thefirst operation member 54. The plurality ofoperation valves 55 includes theoperation valve 55A, theoperation valve 55B, theoperation valve 55C, and theoperation valve 55D. Theoperation valve 55A, theoperation valve 55B, theoperation valve 55C, and theoperation valve 55D are connected to thedischarge fluid tube 40. - Each of the
operation valve 55A and theoperation valve 55B is constituted of a valve that is configured to be operated in the first operation, and provides the movements corresponding to the traveling operation. Each of theoperation valve 55C and theoperation valve 55D is constituted of a valve that is configured to be operated in the second operation, and provides the movements corresponding to the working operation. - The
second operation member 58 is a lever configured to perform a first operation to be moved in the forward direction and the backward direction (in the first direction) and a second operation to be moved in the machine width direction (in the second direction). In thesecond operation member 54, the first operation is allocated to the traveling operation, and the second operation is allocated to the working operation. - That is, the
second operation member 58 serves as both of an operation member for traveling (a travel operation member) and an operation member for working (a work operation member). Meanwhile, thesecond operation member 58 is not limited to the lever, and may be constituted of another member configured to at least perform the first operation and the second operation independently. - The plurality of
operation valves 59 are disposed on an lower portion of thesecond operation member 58. The plurality ofoperation valves 59 include theoperation valve 59A, theoperation valve 59B, theoperation valve 59C, and theoperation valve 59D. Theoperation valve 59A, theoperation valve 59B, theoperation valve 59C, and theoperation valve 59D are connected to thedischarge fluid tube 40. - Each of the
operation valve 59A and theoperation valve 59B is constituted of a valve that is configured to be operated in the first operation, and provides the movements corresponding to the traveling operation. Each of theoperation valve 59C and theoperation valve 59D is constituted of a valve that is configured to be operated in the second operation, and provides the movements corresponding to the working operation. - As described above, the
operation valve 55A, theoperation valve 55B, theoperation valve 59A, theoperation device 59B of the plurality of the operation valves is operated in accordance with the traveling operation. Theoperation valve 55C, theoperation valve 55D, theoperation valve 59C, theoperation device 59D of the plurality of the operation valves is operated in accordance with the working operation. - For convenience of the explanation, each of the
operation valve 55A, theoperation valve 55B, theoperation valve 59A, theoperation device 59B may be referred to as a travel operation valve. In addition, each of theoperation valve 55C, theoperation valve 55D, theoperation valve 59C, theoperation device 59D may be referred to as a work operation device. - Referring to
FIG. 6 andFIG. 7 , connections of the travel operation valve and the work operation valve will be explained next. Reference numerals (D1, D2, W1, and W2) shown inFIG. 6 andFIG. 7 indicates the connection targets of the fluid tubes. - The travel operation valve is connected to the travel fluid tube (the second fluid tube) 45. The
travel fluid tube 45 includes a firsttravel fluid tube 45 a, a secondtravel fluid tube 45 b, a thirdtravel fluid tube 45 c, and a fourthtravel fluid tube 45 d. In the embodiment, the firsttravel fluid tube 45 a is constituted of a fluid tube connected to the forward-movement pressure-receivingportion 53 a of the travel pump 53L and connected to theoperation valve 55A. - The second
travel fluid tube 45 b is constituted of a fluid tube connected to the backward-movement pressure-receivingportion 53 b of the travel pump 53L and connected to theoperation valve 55B. The thirdtravel fluid tube 45 c is constituted of a fluid tube connected to the forward-movement pressure-receivingportion 53 a of the travel pump 53R and connected to theoperation valve 59A. The fourthtravel fluid tube 45 d is constituted of a fluid tube connected to the backward-movement pressure-receivingportion 53 b of the travel pump 53R and connected to theoperation valve 59B. - When the
first operation member 54 is tilted forward, a pilot pressure is outputted from theoperation valve 55A. The pilot pressure is applied to the forward-movement pressure-receivingportion 53 a of thetravel pump 53L. When thesecond operation member 58 is tilted forward, a pilot pressure is outputted from theoperation valve 59A. The pilot pressure is applied to the forward-movement pressure-receivingportion 53 a of thetravel pump 53R. - When the
first operation member 54 is tilted backward, a pilot pressure is outputted from theoperation valve 55B. The pilot pressure is applied to the backward-movement pressure-receivingportion 53 b of thetravel pump 53L. When thesecond operation member 58 is tilted backward, a pilot pressure is outputted from theoperation valve 59B. The pilot pressure is applied to the backward-movement pressure-receivingportion 53 b of thetravel pump 53R. - Thus, when the
first operation member 54 and thesecond operation member 58 are tilted forward, the travel motor (the HST motor) 36 turns forward at a speed proportional to the tilting amounts (the swinging amounts) of thefirst operation member 54 and thesecond operation member 58. As the result, thework machine 1 travels forward and straight. - When the
first operation member 54 and thesecond operation member 58 are tilted backward, thetravel motor 36 turns backward at a speed proportional to the tilting amounts (the tilting extents) of thefirst operation member 54 and thesecond operation member 58. As the result, thework machine 1 travels backward and straight. - In addition, when one of the
first operation member 54 and thesecond operation member 58 is tilted forward and the other is tilted backward, thetravel motor 36 arranged to the left and thetravel motor 36 arranged to the right turn in different directions from each other. As the result, thework machine 2 turns rightward or leftward. - As described above, the forward and backward movements of the
first operation member 54 and the forward and backward movements of thesecond operation member 58 provide the traveling operations for making thework machine 1 travel forward, backward, rightward, and leftward. - In addition, the work operation valve is connected to the
work fluid tube 43. Thework fluid tube 43 includes a firstwork fluid tube 43 a, a secondwork fluid tube 43 b, a thirdwork fluid tube 43 c, and a fourthwork fluid tube 43 d. - The first
work fluid tube 43 a is constituted of a fluid tube connected to thefirst control valve 56A and to theoperation valve 55D. The secondwork fluid tube 43 b is constituted of a fluid tube connected to thefirst control valve 56A and to theoperation valve 55C. - The third
work fluid tube 43 c is constituted of a fluid tube connected to thesecond control valve 56B and to theoperation valve 59D. The fourthwork fluid tube 43 d is constituted of a fluid tube connected to thesecond control valve 56B and to theoperation valve 59C. - When the
first operation member 54 is tilted leftward, a pilot pressure of the pilot fluid is set, the pilot fluid being to be outputted from theoperation valve 55D. The pilot pressure is applied to thefirst control valve 56A, and thereby theboom cylinder 14 is stretched to move theboom 10 upward. - When the
first operation member 54 is tilted rightward, a pilot pressure of the pilot fluid is set, the pilot fluid being to be outputted from theoperation valve 55C. The pilot pressure is applied to thefirst control valve 56A, and thereby theboom cylinder 14 is shortened to move theboom 10 downward. - When the
second operation member 58 is tilted leftward, a pilot pressure of the pilot fluid is set, the pilot fluid being to be outputted from theoperation valve 59D. The pilot pressure is applied to thesecond control valve 56B, and thereby thebucket cylinder 15 is shortened to make thebucket 11 perform the shoveling movement. - When the
second operation member 58 is tilted rightward, a pilot pressure of the pilot fluid is set, the pilot fluid being to be outputted from theoperation valve 59C. The pilot pressure is applied to thesecond control valve 56B, and thereby thebucket cylinder 15 is stretched to make thebucket 11 perform the dumping movement. - As described above, the rightward and leftward movements of the
first operation member 54 and the rightward and leftward movements of thesecond operation member 58 provide the upward and downward movements of theboom 10 and the working operations such as the dumping movement and the shoveling movement of the bucket. - The hydraulic system according to the fourth embodiment is capable of releasing the braking state of the travel device 5 when the travel operation valves (the
operation valve 55A, theoperation valve 55B, theoperation valve 59A, and theoperation valve 59B). - For convenience of the explanations, the
operation valve 55A will be referred to as thefirst operation valve 55A, theoperation valve 55B will be referred to as thesecond operation valve 55B, theoperation valve 59A will be referred to as thethird operation valve 59A, and theoperation valve 59B will be referred to as thefourth operation valve 55C. The braking of the travel device 5 will be explained below. -
FIG. 8A andFIG. 8B are views illustrating the operation device, the travel fluid tube, the braking device, and the like. - As shown in
FIG. 8A , a branchedfluid tube 125 is connected to the travel fluid tube (the second fluid tube) 45. - In particular, the branched
fluid tube 125 includes a first branchedfluid tube 125 a, a second branchedfluid tube 125 b, a third branchedfluid tube 125 c, a fourth branchedfluid tube 125 d, and a fifth branchedfluid tube 125 e. - The first branched
fluid tube 125 a is constituted of a fluid tube branched from an intermediate portion of the firsttravel fluid tube 45 a. The second branchedfluid tube 125 b is constituted of a fluid tube branched from an intermediate portion of the secondtravel fluid tube 45 b. The third branchedfluid tube 125 c is constituted of a fluid tube branched from an intermediate portion of the thirdtravel fluid tube 45 c. The fourth branchedfluid tube 125 d is constituted of a fluid tube branched from an intermediate portion of the fourthtravel fluid tube 45 d. - The first branched
fluid tube 125 a and the third branchedfluid tube 125 c are connected to a firstselect valve 131. The second branchedfluid tube 125 b and the fourth branchedfluid tube 125 d are connected to a secondselect valve 132. The firstselect valve 131 and the secondselect valve 132 are connected to the fifth branchedfluid tube 125 e. The fifth branchedfluid tube 125 e is provided with a thirdselect valve 133. - The first select valve (shuttle valve) 131 includes an
output port 131 a. Theoutput port 131 a is configured to output higher one of a pressure of the operation fluid (the operation fluid outputted from thefirst operation valve 55A) of the first branchedfluid tube 125 a and a pressure of the operation fluid (the operation fluid outputted from thethird operation valve 59A) of the third branchedfluid tube 125 c. - The second select valve (shuttle valve) 132 includes an
output port 132 a. Theoutput port 132 a is configured to output higher one of a pressure of the operation fluid (the operation fluid outputted from thesecond operation valve 55B) of the second branchedfluid tube 125 b and a pressure of the operation fluid (the operation fluid outputted from thefourth operation valve 59B) of the fourth branchedfluid tube 125 d. - The third select valve (shuttle valve) 133 includes an
output port 133 a. Theoutput port 133 a is configured to output higher one of a pressure of the operation fluid outputted from theoutput port 131 a of the firstselect valve 131 and a pressure of the operation fluid outputted from theoutput port 132 a of the secondselect valve 132. - A
fourth fluid tube 134 is connected to theoutput port 133 a of the third select valve (the shuttle valve) 133. Thebrake device 140 is connected to the fourthfluid tube 134. In addition, a fifthfluid tube 135 is connected to an intermediate portion of the fourthfluid tube 140. The fifthfluid tube 135 is constituted of a discharge fluid tube configured to discharge (drain) the operation fluid. - The
brake device 140 is constituted of a device configured to brake the travel device 5, a second disk, and releases the braking. In particular, thebrake device 140 includes a first disk and a spring. The first disk is disposed on an output shaft of thetravel motor 36. The second disk is configured to be movable. The spring pushed the second disk to the first disk such that the second disk is contacted to the first disk. - In addition, the
brake device 140 includes a housing portion (a housing case) 140 a. Thehousing portion 140 a houses the first disk, the second disk, and the spring. The fourthfluid tube 134 is connected to a portion housing the second disk in thehousing portion 140 a. In a storage portion of thehousing portion 140 a, when the pilot fluid is supplied to satisfy a predetermined pressure in the storage portion, the second disk is moved toward a side opposite to a side of the braking, thereby releasing the braking provided by thebrake device 140. - On the other hand, when the pilot pressure is reduced to the predetermined pressure or less in the storage portion of the
housing portion 140 a, the second disk is moved toward a side where the second disk is contacted to the first disk, thereby braking thetravel motor 36. - In this manner, when any one of the travel operation valves, that is, the
first operation valve 55A, thesecond operation valve 55B, thethird operation valve 59, and thefourth operation valve 55C is operated, the pressure of the operation fluid outputted from the operation valve having been operated is applied to the fourthfluid tube 134 through the firstselect valve 131 and the secondselect valve 132. Thus, thebrake device 140 releases the braking in the case where any one of the traveling operations (the forward traveling, the backward traveling, and the turning) is performed, that is, in the case where thefirst operation member 54 or thesecond operation member 58 is operated. - Meanwhile, as shown in
FIG. 8B , a check valve (a first check valve) 141 may be disposed on the fourthfluid tube 134. Thefirst check valve 141 allows the operation fluid to flow from the thirdselect valve 133 to thebrake device 140 and blocks the flowing of the operation fluid flowing from thebrake device 140 to the thirdselect valve 133. - In addition, a
switch valve 137 may be disposed on the fifthfluid tube 135. Theswitch valve 137 is constituted of a valve configured to be switched to discharge (drain) the operation fluid included in the fifthfluid tube 135, that is, a two-position switch valve configured to be switched to a first position and to a second position. Theswitch valve 137 is switched by a switch (a parking switch) 145 connected to thecontrol device 90 and the like. - The
parking switch 145 is a switch configured to be turned on and tuned off. Thecontrol device 90 demagnetizes a solenoid of theswitch valve 137 to hold theswitch valve 137 at the first position in a case where theparking switch 145 is turned on. In this manner, the operation fluid in the fifthfluid tube 135 is discharged (drained) to theoperation fluid tank 22 and the like through theswitch valve 137. - The
control device 90 magnetizes the solenoid of theswitch valve 137 to hold theswitch valve 137 at the second position in a case where theparking switch 145 is turned off. In this manner, the operation fluid in the fifthfluid tube 135 is not discharged (drained) to theoperation fluid tank 22 and the like. - That is, the operation fluids of the fifth
fluid tube 135 and thefourth operation fluid 134 are discharged (drained) to theoperation fluid tank 22 and the like in the case where theswitch valve 137 is switched to the first position, and thus thebrake device 140 is set to be in the braking state. - On the other hand, the operation fluids of the fifth
fluid tube 135 and thefourth operation fluid 134 are not discharged (drained) to theoperation fluid tank 22 and the like in the case where theswitch valve 137 is switched to the second position, and thus thebrake device 140 is set to be in the released state. - A
bypass fluid tube 144 may be disposed on each of the fourthfluid tube 134 and the fifthfluid tube 135, thebypass fluid tube 144 having a throttle portion 143 configured to reduce a flow rate of the operation fluid. - Meanwhile, as shown in
FIG. 8C , apilot check valve 150 may be disposed on the fourthfluid tube 134, and in this manner the braking of thecontrol device 140 can be released. In particular, thedischarge fluid tube 40 is provided with a branchedfluid tube 151 branched from thedischarge fluid tube 40. Thebrake device 140 is connected to the branchedfluid tube 151. - A discharge fluid tube 152 is connected to an intermediate portion of the branched
fluid tube 151. Apilot check valve 10 is disposed on the discharge fluid tube 152. The fourthfluid tube 134 is connected to a pressure-receivingportion 150 a of thepilot check valve 150. - In the hydraulic system shown in
FIG. 8C , the pressure of the operation fluid is increased in the fourthfluid tube 134 in the case where any one of the traveling operations (the forward traveling, the backward traveling, and the turning) is performed, that is, in the case where thefirst operation member 54 or thesecond operation member 58 is operated. The increased pressure of the operation fluid is applied to the pressure-receivingportion 150 a of thepilot check valve 150. When the pressure of the operation fluid is applied to the pressure-receivingportion 150 a of thepilot check valve 150, thepilot check valve 150 is closed. - In this manner, the pressure of the operation fluid of the branched
fluid tube 151 can be applied to thebrake device 140, and thereby thebrake device 140 is set to be in the released state. - Meanwhile, in a case where the traveling operation is not performed, the pressure of the operation fluid of the fourth
fluid tube 134 is lowered (reduced), thereby thepilot check valve 150 is opened. In this manner, the opening of thepilot check valve 150 reduces the pressure of the operation fluid in the branchedfluid tube 151, and thereby thebrake device 140 is set to be in the braking state. - The hydraulic system for the work machine mentioned above includes the first
select valve 131, the secondselect valve 132, the thirdselect valve 133, the fourthfluid tube 134, and thebrake device 140 connected to the fourthfluid tube 134. In this manner, when theoperation member 54 arranged to the left of theoperator seat 8 and theoperation member 58 arranged to the right of theoperator seat 8 are operated, thecontrol device 140 is capable of releasing the braking of the travel device 5 only by operating theoperation members - For example, when either one of the
operation members brake device 140, and thereby the braking is easily released. In addition, when both of theoperation members brake device 140 easily brakes the travel device 5. - In the embodiment mentioned above, the HST pump (the travel pump) 66 and the
travel motor 36 are controlled by the operation fluid (the pilot fluid) under the HST control. However, the HST pump (the travel pump) 66 and thetravel motor 36 may be electrically controlled. - That is, in the HST control, the swash plate of the travel pump or the travel motor may be controlled by an electromagnetic proportional valve and the like, and may be controlled by another method.
- In the embodiment mentioned above, the discharge fluid tube configured to discharge (drain) the operation fluid is connected to the
operation fluid tank 22. However, the connection target of the discharge fluid tube is not limited, and may be a suction portion of the hydraulic pump and may be other portions. - In addition, each of the first hydraulic pump P1 and the second hydraulic pump P2 may be constituted of a variable displacement pump having a swash plate, and may be constituted of another type of pump.
- Each of the operation valves shown in
FIG. 8 may be constituted of a proportional valve having a potentiometer configured to electrically detect the operation amounts (the operation extents of theoperation members - In the embodiment mentioned above, the engine stall is prevented by the
first control device 90 controlling the aperture of the operation valve (the proportional valve) 44. However, instead of that configuration, the engine stall may be prevented by the actuation valve of thevariable relief valve 72 and the like. - As shown in
FIG. 9A , the engine stall may be prevented by using the control lines L1 and L2 representing the relation between the travel secondary pressure and the engine revolution speed. The travel secondary pressure is a pressure of the operation fluid flowing from the operation valves 55 (theoperation valve 55A, theoperation valve 55B, theoperation valve 55C, and theoperation valve 55D) to the travel pumps (the HST pumps) 53L and 53R in the travel fluid tubes 45 (the firsttravel fluid tube 45 a, the secondtravel fluid tube 45 b, the thirdtravel fluid tube 45 c, and the fourthtravel fluid tube 45 d) - When the drop amount of the engine revolution speed is less than a predetermined amount, the
first control device 90 adjusts the aperture of the actuation valve (the variable relief valve) 72 such that a relation between the travel secondary pressure and the actual revolution speed of the engine corresponds to the control line L1. In addition, when the drop amount of the engine revolution speed is equal to or more than the predetermined amount, thefirst control device 90 adjusts the aperture of the actuation valve (the variable relief valve) 72 such that a relation between the travel secondary pressure and the actual revolution speed of the engine corresponds to the control line L2. - In a case where a fluid temperature of the operation fluid measured by the
measurement device 91 is high, thevariable relief valve 72 changes the aperture on the basis of the control lines L1 and L2 shown inFIG. 9A . Meanwhile, in a case where the fluid temperature of the operation fluid measured by themeasurement device 91 is low, the set pressure of thevariable relief valve 72 is changed by thefirst control device 90, and thereby the travel secondary pressure can be adjusted so as not to be equal to or more than the predetermined pressure as shown in the control lines L1 and L2 ofFIG. 9B . - Meanwhile, values (upper limit vales of the travel secondary pressure) of the control lines L1 a, L1 b, L2 a, and L2 b may be set on the basis of the fluid temperature as shown in
FIG. 9B . For example, in a case where the fluid temperature is low, −15° C., the travel secondary pressure is set referring to the control lines L1 a and L2 a. In addition, in a case where the fluid temperature is low, −20° C., the travel secondary pressure is set referring to the control lines L1 b and L2 b. That is, the lower the fluid temperature is, the more suppressed (the lower) the travel secondary pressure is in the control lines L1 and L2. - The fluid temperatures at which the control lines L1 a, L1 b, L2 a, and L2 b are set are not limited to the values described above. In addition, the number of the control lines defining the travel secondary pressure at the low temperature is not limited to the number mentioned above. As described above, a plurality of control lines defining the upper limitation of the travel secondary pressure are prepared for each of predetermined low temperatures, and thereby the
work machine 1 is capable of warming up the operation fluid even in traveling. - The hydraulic system according to the embodiment easily warms up the operation fluid in the fluid tube from the operation valve for operating a hydraulic device to the hydraulic device. In addition, the hydraulic system according to the embodiment improves a responsibility of the anti-stall control, the anti-stall control preventing the engine stall. Moreover, the hydraulic system according to the embodiment improves the traveling performance of the work machine. Furthermore, the hydraulic system according to the embodiment easily brakes the work machine and releases the braking.
-
FIG. 10 shows a hydraulic system for travel employed as a hydraulic system for a work machine according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention. A whole configuration of the work machine is similar to the configurations of the embodiments described above. Thus, the explanations of the configurations will be omitted. - As shown in
FIG. 10 , the hydraulic system includes a first hydraulic pump P10, a left travel motor device (a first travel motor device) 231L, a right travel motor (a second travel motor device) 231R, aprime mover 32, and atravel drive device 234. - The first hydraulic pump P10 is configured to output the operation fluid that is stored in the
tank 22. The first hydraulic pump P10 is a pump configured to be driven by a motive power of theprime mover 32, and is constituted of a constant-displacement gear pump. The first hydraulic pump P10 outputs the operation fluid mainly used for the control. - For convenience of the explanation, the
tank 22 for storing the operation fluid is referred to as an operation fluid tank. In addition, of the operation fluid outputted from the first hydraulic pump P10, the operation fluid used for the control is referred to as a pilot fluid, and a pressure of the pilot fluid is referred to as a pilot pressure. - The output fluid tube (the output fluid path) 40 is disposed on an output side of the first hydraulic pump P10, the
output fluid tube 40 being configured to supply the operation fluid (the pilot fluid). The output fluid tube (a first fluid tube) 240 is provided with the firsttravel motor device 231L and the secondtravel motor device 231R. - The
prime mover 32 is constituted of an electric motor, an engine, or the like. In the embodiment, theprime mover 32 is the engine. Meanwhile, theprime mover 32 may be a hybrid type having the electric motor and the engine, and may be a type only having the electric motor. - The
travel drive device 234 is a device configured to drive the firsttravel motor device 231L and the second travel motor device 232R. Thetravel drive device 234 includes a drive circuit (a left drive circuit) 234L and a drive circuit (a right drive circuit) 234R, thedrive circuit 234L being configured to drive thefirst travel motor 231L, thedrive circuit 234R being configured to drive thesecond travel motor 231R. - Each of the
left drive circuit 234L and theright drive circuit 234R includes the travel pumps (travel hydraulic pumps) 253L and 253R, the speed-changingfluid tubes charge fluid tube 257 j. - Each of the speed-changing
fluid tubes travel motor 36. The secondcharge fluid tube 257 j is a fluid tube connected to the speed-changingfluid tubes fluid tubes - Each of the travel pumps 253L and 253R is constituted of a variable-displacement axial pump having a swash plate configured to be driven by a motive power of the
prime mover 32. Each of the travel pumps 253L and 253R includes a forward-movement pressure-receivingportion 253 a and a backward-movement pressure-receivingportion 253 b. The pilot pressure is applied to the forward-movement pressure-receivingportion 253 a and to the backward-movement pressure-receivingportion 253 b. An angle of swash plate is changed by the pilot pressure applied to the forward-movement pressure-receivingportion 253 a and to the backward-movement pressure-receivingportion 253 b. - The angle of the swash plate is changed, and thereby the changing of the angle changes outputs of the travel pumps 253L and 253R (discharge amounts of the operation fluid) and an output direction of the operation fluid.
- The first
travel motor device 231L is constituted of a motor configured to supply a motive power to a drive shaft of the travel device 5, the travel device 5 being disposed on the left side of themachine body 2. The secondtravel motor device 231R is constituted of a motor configured to supply a motive power to a drive shaft of the travel device 5, the travel device 5 being disposed on the right side of themachine body 2. - The first
travel motor device 231L includes atravel motor 236, a forward-backward switch valve 235, and a travel control valve (a hydraulic switch valve) 238. The operation fluid can be supplied to thetravel motor 236, to the forward-backward switch valve 235, and to thetravel control valve 238. - The
travel motor 236 is constituted of a cam motor (a radial piston motor). Thetravel motor 236 varies a displacement (a motor displacement) in operating, and thereby changes revolutions and torques of the output shaft. - In particular, the
travel motor 236 includes afirst motor 236A and asecond motor 236B. When thefirst motor 236A and thesecond motor 236B are driven, the motor displacement is increased, and thereby thetravel motor 236 is shifted to a first speed. - In addition, when either one of the
first motor 236A and thesecond motor 236B is driven, the motor displacement is decreased, and thereby thetravel motor 236 is shifted to a second speed. - The
travel control valve 238 is constituted of a two-position switch valve configured to be switched to afirst portion 238 a and to asecond position 238 b. Thetravel control valve 238 is switched by aswitch 291 and the like. - In particular, the
switch 291 is connected to thecontrol device 290. In a case where thetravel control valve 238 is set to the first speed by theswitch 291, thecontrol device 290 switches a hydraulic switch valve connected to the pressure-receiving portion of thetravel control device 238 by a fluid tube, and thereby switches thetravel control valve 238 to thesecond position 238 b. - In a case where the
travel control valve 238 is set to the second speed by theswitch 291, thecontrol device 290 switches the hydraulic switch valve, and thereby switches thetravel control valve 238 to thefirst position 238 a. As described above, thetravel control valve 238 is switched, and thereby the speeds of the travel motors 236 (thefirst motor 236A and thesecond motor 236B) are changed. - A hydraulic system for work will be explained below.
- As shown in
FIG. 12 , the hydraulic system includes a plurality ofcontrol valves 56 and an operation hydraulic pump (a second hydraulic pump) P20. - The second hydraulic pump P20 is constituted of a constant-displacement gear pump that is a pump installed on a position different from the position of the first hydraulic pump P10. The second hydraulic pump P20 is configured to output the operation fluid stored in the
operation fluid tank 22. The second hydraulic pup P20 outputs the operation fluid mainly used for activating a hydraulic actuator. - A fluid tube (a main fluid path) 239 is disposed on an output side of the second hydraulic pump P20. A plurality of
control valves 256 are connected to the mainfluid tube 239. Thecontrol valve 256 is constituted of a valve configured to switch a flow direction of the operation fluid with use of the pilot pressure of the pilot fluid. - In addition, the
control valve 256 is a valve configured to control (drive) the hydraulic actuators such as the boom, the bucket, the hydraulic crusher, the hydraulic breaker, the angle broom, the earth auger, the pallet fork, the sweeper, the mower, the snow blower. - The plurality of
control valves 256 include afirst control valve 256A, asecond control valve 256B, and athird control valve 256C. - The
first control valve 256A is a valve configured to control the hydraulic cylinder (the boom cylinder) 14 for controlling the boom. Thesecond control valve 256B is a valve configured to control the hydraulic cylinder (the bucket cylinder) 15 for controlling the bucket. - The
third control valve 256C is a valve configured to control the hydraulic actuators (the hydraulic cylinder, the hydraulic motor) attached to an auxiliary attachment such as the hydraulic crusher, the hydraulic breaker, the angle broom, the earth auger, the pallet fork, the sweeper, the mower, the snow blower. - Each of the
first control valve 256A and thesecond control valve 256B is constituted of three-position switch valve having a direct-acting spool that is configured to be driven by the pilot pressure. Each of thefirst control valve 256A and thesecond control valve 256B is switched by the pilot pressure to a neutral position, to a first position different from the neural position, and to a second position different from the neutral position and the first position. - The
boom cylinder 14 is connected to thefirst control valve 256A by a fluid tube. Thebucket cylinder 15 is connected to thesecond control valve 256B by a fluid tube. - A supply-discharge fluid tube (a supply-discharge fluid path) 283 is connected to the
third control valve 256C. - One end of the supply-
discharge fluid tube 283 is connected to a supply-discharge port of thethird control valve 256C. An intermediate portion of the supply-discharge fluid tube 283 is connected to theconnection member 50. The other end of the supply-discharge fluid tube 283 is connected to the auxiliary hydraulic actuator. - In particular, the supply-
discharge fluid tube 283 includes a first supply-discharge fluid tube 283 a. The first supply-discharge fluid tube 283 a connects a first supply-discharge port of thethird control valve 256C to a first port of theconnection member 50. In addition, the supply-discharge fluid tube 283 includes a second supply-discharge fluid tube 283 b. The second supply-discharge fluid tube 283 b connects a second supply-discharge port of thethird control valve 256C to a second port of theconnection member 50. - That is, when the
third control valve 256C is operated, the operation fluid is supplied from thethird control valve 256C toward the first supply-discharge fluid tube 283 a, and the operation fluid is supplied from thethird control valve 256C toward the second supply-discharge fluid tube 283 b. - As shown in
FIG. 10 , thefirst operation device 247 is arranged to the left of theoperator seat 8, and thesecond operation device 248 is arranged to the right of theoperator seat 8. thefirst operation device 247 and thesecond operation device 248 perform an operation (a traveling operation) relating to the traveling of thework machine 1 and an operation (a working operation) relating to the working by thework machine 1. - In other words, the
first operation device 247 and thesecond operation device 248 are operation devices configured to operate the hydraulic devices for travel (thetravel motor 236 and the travel pumps 253L and 253R) and the hydraulic device for work (thefirst control valve 256A, thesecond control valve 256B, thethird control valve 256C, theboom cylinder 14, thebucket cylinder 15, the hydraulic cylinder disposed on the auxiliary attachment, and the hydraulic motor). - The
first operation device 247 and thesecond operation device 248 will be explained below in detail. - The
first operation device 247 is constituted of a device configured to perform both of the traveling operation and the working operation, and includes afirst operation member 254. Thefirst operation member 254 is a lever configured to perform a first operation and a second operation, the first operation being moved to the forward direction and to the backward direction, the second operation being moved to the lateral direction (the machine width direction) different from the forward direction and the backward direction. - In other words, the
second operation member 254 is constituted of a lever configured to be moved in one direction (for example, forward and leftward) and in the other direction (for example, backward and rightward) different from the one direction. - In the
first operation member 254, the first operation is allocated to the traveling operation, and the second operation is allocated to the working operation. That is, thefirst operation member 254 serves as both of an operation member for traveling (a travel operation member) and an operation member for working (a work operation member). - Meanwhile, the
first operation member 254 is not limited to the lever, and may be constituted of another member configured to at least perform the first operation and the second operation independently. - The plurality of
operation valves 255 are disposed on an lower portion of thefirst operation member 254. The plurality ofoperation valves 255 includes theoperation valve 255A, theoperation valve 255B, theoperation valve 255C, and theoperation valve 255D. Theoperation valve 255A, theoperation valve 255B, theoperation valve 255C, and theoperation valve 255D are connected to thedischarge fluid tube 240. - The
operation valve 255A is constituted of a valve activated by the forward movement (the forward operation) of the first operation (the forward movement and the backward movement). The pressure of the operation fluid to be outputted is changed in accordance with an operation amount (the operation) of the forward movement. Theoperation valve 255B is constituted of a valve activated by the backward movement (the backward operation) of the first operation (the forward movement and the backward movement). The pressure of the operation fluid to be outputted is changed in accordance with an operation amount (the operation) of the backward movement. - That is, each of the
operation valve 255A and theoperation valve 255B is constituted of a valve that is configured to be operated in the first operation, and provides the movements corresponding to the traveling operation. - The
operation valve 255C is constituted of a valve activated by the leftward movement (the leftward operation) of the second operation (the leftward movement and the rightward movement). The pressure of the operation fluid to be outputted is changed in accordance with an operation amount (the operation) of the leftward movement. Theoperation valve 255D is constituted of a valve activated by the rightward movement (the rightward operation) of the second operation (the leftward movement and the rightward movement). The pressure of the operation fluid to be outputted is changed in accordance with an operation amount (the operation) of the rightward movement. - That is, each of the
operation valve 255C and theoperation valve 255D is constituted of a valve that is configured to be operated in the second operation, and provides the movements corresponding to the working operation. - The
second operation device 248 is constituted of a device configured to perform both of the traveling operation and the working operation, and includes asecond operation member 258. Thesecond operation member 258 is a lever configured to perform a first ration and a second operation, the first operation being moved to the forward direction and to the backward direction, the second operation being moved to the lateral direction (the machine width direction) different from the forward direction and the backward direction. - In other words, the
second operation member 258 is constituted of a lever configured to be moved in one direction (for example, forward and leftward) and in the other direction (for example, backward and rightward) different from the one direction. - In the
second operation member 258, the first operation is allocated to the traveling operation, and the second operation is allocated to the working operation. That is, thesecond operation member 258 serves as both of an operation member for traveling (a travel operation member) and an operation member for working (a work operation member). - Meanwhile, the
second operation member 258 is not limited to the lever, and may be constituted of another member configured to at least perform the first operation and the second operation independently. - The plurality of
operation valves 259 are disposed on an lower portion of thesecond operation member 258. The plurality ofoperation valves 259 include theoperation valve 259A, theoperation valve 259B, theoperation valve 259C, and theoperation valve 259D. Theoperation valve 259A, theoperation valve 259B, theoperation valve 259C, and theoperation valve 259D are connected to thedischarge fluid tube 240. - The
operation valve 259A is constituted of a valve activated by the forward movement (the forward operation) of the first operation (the forward movement and the backward movement). The pressure of the operation fluid to be outputted is changed in accordance with an operation amount (the operation) of the forward movement. Theoperation valve 259B is constituted of a valve activated by the backward movement (the backward operation) of the first operation (the forward movement and the backward movement). The pressure of the operation fluid to be outputted is changed in accordance with an operation amount (the operation) of the backward movement. - That is, each of the
operation valve 259A and theoperation valve 259B is constituted of a valve that is configured to be operated in the first operation, and provides the movements corresponding to the traveling operation. - The
operation valve 259C is constituted of a valve activated by the leftward movement (the leftward operation) of the second operation (the leftward movement and the rightward movement). The pressure of the operation fluid to be outputted is changed in accordance with an operation amount (the operation) of the leftward movement. Theoperation valve 259D is constituted of a valve activated by the rightward movement (the rightward operation) of the second operation (the leftward movement and the rightward movement). The pressure of the operation fluid to be outputted is changed in accordance with an operation amount (the operation) of the rightward movement. - That is, each of the
operation valve 259C and theoperation valve 259D is constituted of a valve that is configured to be operated in the second operation, and provides the movements corresponding to the working operation. - As described above, the
operation valve 255A, theoperation valve 255B, theoperation valve 259A, and theoperation valve 259B of the plurality of operations valves are operated corresponding to the traveling operation. Theoperation valve 255C, theoperation valve 255D, theoperation valve 259C, and theoperation valve 259D are operated corresponding to the working operation. - For convenience of the explanations, each of the
operation valve 255A, theoperation valve 255B, theoperation valve 259A, and theoperation valve 259B may be referred to as a travel operation valve. Of the travel operation valves, theoperation valve 255A is referred to as “a first operation valve”, theoperation valve 255A being configured to be activated by the movement to one direction (for example, forward) of thefirst operation member 254. Theoperation valve 255B is referred to as “a second operation valve”, theoperation valve 255B being configured to be activated by the movement to the other direction (for example, backward) of thefirst operation member 254. Theoperation valve 259A is referred to as “a third operation valve”, theoperation valve 259A being configured to be activated by the movement to one direction (for example, forward) of thesecond operation member 258. Theoperation valve 259B is referred to as “a fourth operation valve”, theoperation valve 259B being configured to be activated by the movement to the other direction (for example, backward) of thesecond operation member 258. - A relation between the travel operation valve, the work operation valve, and the hydraulic device will be explained below. Reference numerals “W10”, “W20”, “D10”, and “D20” shown in
FIG. 10 andFIG. 11 indicate connection targets of the fluid tubes. - The travel operation valve is connected to the travel pumps 253L and 253R by the
travel fluid tube 245, the travel pumps 253L and 253R being one of the hydraulic devices for travel (the travel hydraulic devices). Thetravel fluid tube 245 includes a firsttravel fluid tube 245 a, a secondtravel fluid tube 245 b, a thirdtravel fluid tube 245 c, and a fourthtravel fluid tube 245 d. - The first
travel fluid tube 245 a is constituted of a fluid tube connecting thefirst operation valve 255A to the forward-movement pressure-receivingportion 253 a of thetravel pump 253L. The secondtravel fluid tube 245 b is constituted of a fluid tube connecting thesecond operation valve 255B to the backward-movement pressure-receivingportion 253 b of thetravel pump 253L. - The third
travel fluid tube 245 c is constituted of a fluid tube connecting thethird operation valve 259A to the forward-movement pressure-receivingportion 253 a of thetravel pump 253R. The fourthtravel fluid tube 245 d is constituted of a fluid tube connecting thefourth operation valve 259B to the backward-movement pressure-receivingportion 253 b of thetravel pump 253R. - When the
second operation member 254 is titled forward, thefirst operation valve 255A is operated to output the pilot pressure from thefirst operation valve 255A. The pilot pressure is applied to the forward-movement pressure-receivingportion 253 a of thetravel pump 253L. - When the
second operation member 258 is titled forward, thethird operation valve 259A is operated to output the pilot pressure from thethird operation valve 259A. The pilot pressure is applied to the forward-movement pressure-receivingportion 253 a of thetravel pump 253R. - When the
first operation member 254 is titled backward, thesecond operation valve 255B is operated to output the pilot pressure from thesecond operation valve 255B. The pilot pressure is applied to the backward-movement pressure-receivingportion 253 b of thetravel pump 253L. - When the
second operation member 258 is titled backward, thefourth operation valve 259B is operated to output the pilot pressure from thefourth operation valve 259B. The pilot pressure is applied to the backward-movement pressure-receivingportion 253 b of thetravel pump 253R. - In this manner, when the
first operation member 254 and thesecond operation member 258 are tilted forward, the travel motor (the HST motor) 236 turns forward at a speed proportional to the tilting amounts (the swinging amounts) of thefirst operation member 254 and thesecond operation member 258. As the result, thework machine 1 travels forward and straight. - When the
first operation member 254 and thesecond operation member 258 are tilted backward, thetravel motor 236 turns backward at a speed proportional to the tilting amounts (the tilting extents) of thefirst operation member 254 and thesecond operation member 258. As the result, thework machine 1 travels backward and straight. - In addition, when one of the
first operation member 254 and thesecond operation member 258 is tilted forward and the other is tilted backward, thetravel motor 236 arranged to the left and thetravel motor 236 arranged to the right turn in different directions from each other. As the result, thework machine 2 turns rightward or leftward. - As described above, the forward and backward movements of the
first operation member 254 and the forward and backward movements of thesecond operation member 258 provide the traveling operations for making thework machine 1 travel forward, backward, rightward, and leftward. - In addition, the work operation valve is connected to the
control valve 256 by thework fluid tube 246, thecontrol valve 256 being one of the hydraulic devices for work (the operation hydraulic devices). Thework fluid tube 246 includes a firstwork fluid tube 246 a, a secondwork fluid tube 246 b, a thirdwork fluid tube 246 c, and a fourthwork fluid tube 246 d. - The first
work fluid tube 246 a is constituted of a fluid tube connecting theoperation valve 255C to a pressure-receiving portion of thefirst control valve 256A. The secondwork fluid tube 246 b is constituted of a fluid tube connecting theoperation valve 255D to the pressure-receiving portion of thefirst control valve 256A. - The third
work fluid tube 246 c is constituted of a fluid tube connecting theoperation valve 259C to a pressure-receiving portion of thesecond control valve 256B. The fourthwork fluid tube 246 d is constituted of a fluid tube connecting theoperation valve 259D to the pressure-receiving portion of thesecond control valve 256B. - When the
first operation member 254 is tilted leftward, theoperation valve 255C is operated to set the pilot pressure of the pilot fluid, the pilot fluid being outputted from theoperation valve 255C. The pilot pressure is applied to the pressure-receiving portion of thefirst control valve 256A, and thereby theboom cylinder 14 is stretched to move theboom 10 upward. - When the
first operation member 254 is tilted rightward, theoperation valve 255D is operated to set the pilot pressure of the pilot fluid, the pilot fluid being outputted from theoperation valve 255D. The pilot pressure is applied to the pressure-receiving portion of thefirst control valve 256A, and thereby theboom cylinder 14 is shortened to move theboom 10 downward. - When the
second operation member 258 is tilted leftward, theoperation valve 259C is operated to set the pilot pressure of the pilot fluid, the pilot fluid being outputted from theoperation valve 259C. The pilot pressure is applied to the pressure-receiving portion of thesecond control valve 256B, and thereby thebucket cylinder 15 is shortened to make thebucket 11 perform the shoveling movement. - When the
second operation member 258 is tilted rightward, theoperation valve 259D is operated to set the pilot pressure of the pilot fluid, the pilot fluid being outputted from theoperation valve 259D. The pilot pressure is applied to the pressure-receiving portion of thesecond control valve 256B, and thereby thebucket cylinder 15 is stretched to make thebucket 11 perform the dumping movement. - As described above, the rightward and leftward movements of the
first operation member 254 and the rightward and leftward movements of thesecond operation member 258 provide the upward and downward movements of theboom 10 and the working operations such as the dumping movement and the shoveling movement of the bucket. - Meanwhile, the hydraulic system is provided with a circuit capable of reducing a pressure (depressurizing) the operation fluid of the
travel fluid tube 245. - As shown in
FIG. 11 , adischarge fluid tube 251 for discharging the operation fluid is connected to a travel fluid tube (a travel fluid path) 245 that connects the travel operation valve to the travel pumps 253L and 253R, one of the hydraulic devices. - An
actuation valve 270A is disposed on thedischarge fluid tube 251. Theactuation valve 270 is constituted of a valve configured to reduce a pressure of the operation fluid in thedischarge fluid tube 251, that is, a valve configured to reduce a pressure of the operation fluid in thetravel fluid tube 245 that is connected to thedischarge fluid tube 251. - In other words, the
actuation valve 270A is constituted of a valve configured to reduce a pressure (a secondary pressure) of the operation fluid set by at least one of the plurality ofoperation valves 255. - The
discharge fluid tube 251 and theactuation valve 270A will be explained below in detail. - The
discharge fluid tube 251 is a fluid tube connected to the travel operation valve, that is, at least one of thefirst operation valve 255A, thesecond operation valve 255B, thethird operation valve 259A, and thefourth operation valve 259B. - In particular, the
discharge fluid tube 251 includes a firstdischarge fluid tube 251 a, a seconddischarge fluid tube 251 b, a thirddischarge fluid tube 251 c, a fourthdischarge fluid tube 251 d, and a fifthdischarge fluid tube 251 e. - The first
discharge fluid tube 251 a is a fluid tube branching from an intermediate portion of the firsttravel fluid tube 245 a. The seconddischarge fluid tube 251 b is a fluid tube branching from an intermediate portion of the secondtravel fluid tube 245 b. - The third
discharge fluid tube 251 c is a fluid tube branching from an intermediate portion of the thirdtravel fluid tube 245 c. The fourthdischarge fluid tube 251 d is a fluid tube branching from an intermediate portion of the fourthtravel fluid tube 245 d. - The fifth
discharge fluid tube 251 e is a fluid tube connecting the firstdischarge fluid tube 251 a, the seconddischarge fluid tube 251 b, the thirddischarge fluid tube 251 c, and the fourthdischarge fluid tube 251 d. Anactuation valve 270A is disposed on an intermediate portion of the fifthdischarge fluid tube 251 c. - A
check valve 271 is disposed on each of the firstdischarge fluid tube 251 a, the seconddischarge fluid tube 251 b, the thirddischarge fluid tube 251 c, and the fourthdischarge fluid tube 251 d. Thecheck valve 271 is configured to allow the operation fluid to flow from thetravel fluid tube 245 toward the fifthdischarge fluid tube 251 e (theactuation valve 270A) and blocks the flowing of the operation fluid flowing from the discharge side toward the fifthdischarge fluid tube 251 e (theactuation valve 270A). - The
actuation valve 270A includes arelief valve 278 configured to change the set pressure of theactuation valve 270A. For example, therelief valve 278 is constituted of a balanced relief valve configured to vary the set pressure on the basis of a pressure of the operation fluid, and includes a pressure-receiving portion 78 a configured to receive a pressure of the operation fluid. In addition, therelief valve 278 may be constituted of a variable relief valve. - When a pressure of the operation fluid is applied to the pressure-receiving portion 78 a, the set pressure is varied in accordance with a pressure of the operation fluid applied to the pressure-receiving portion 78 a. For example, the set pressure is increased in accordance with increment of the pressure of the operation fluid applied to the pressure-receiving portion 78 a, and the set pressure is decreased in accordance with decrement of the pressure of the operation fluid applied to the pressure-receiving portion 78 a.
- In addition, the
actuation valve 270A includes aproportional valve 273. Theproportional valve 273 is connected to the pressure-receiving portion 78 a of therelief valve 278 by thefluid tube 72. Theoutput fluid tube 240 is connected to theproportional valve 273, and the operation fluid can be supplied from the first hydraulic pump P10 to theproportional valve 273. Theproportional valve 273 is constituted of an electromagnetic proportional valve configured to magnetize the solenoid of theproportional valve 273 to change the aperture of theproportional valve 273. Theproportional valve 273 is controlled by thecontrol device 290. - For example, the
control device 290 outputs a control signal to magnetize the solenoid of theproportional valve 273 in accordance with a degree of the suppression in a case of suppressing a traveling speed of the work machine even when the traveling operation is performed. In this manner, the aperture of theproportional valve 273 is increased and decreased on the basis of the control signal from thecontrol device 290. - When the pressure of the operation fluid applied to the pressure-receiving portion 78 a of the
relief valve 278, the set pressure of therelief valve 278 is reduced, and the operation fluid in thetravel fluid tube 245 is discharged (drained) to the operation fluid tank and the like through thedischarge fluid tube 251. In this manner, a revolution speed of thetravel motor 236 is reduced, and thereby a traveling speed of the work machine is suppressed. - For example, in a case of forbidding the traveling of the work machine, the
control device 290 outputs a control signal to minimize the aperture of theproportional valve 273. In this manner, the aperture of theproportional valve 273 is minimized, the pressure of the operation fluid applied to the pressure-receivingportion 278 a of therelief valve 278 is minimized, and thereby the set pressure of therelief valve 278 is minimized. - When the set pressure of the
relief valve 278 is minimized, almost of all the operation fluid in thetravel fluid tube 245 is discharged (drained) to the operation fluid tank and the like through thedischarge fluid tube 251, and thereby the revolution speed of thetravel motor 236 falls to zero. In this manner, the traveling of the work machine can be forbidden, that is, the traveling can be stopped. - Thus, when the pressure on the secondary side of the travel operation valve is fallen to zero by the
proportional valve 273, thework device 4 can be operated with thework machine 1 stopped. - In the embodiment described above, the
relief valve 278 is constituted of a valve that has the pressure-receivingportion 278 a configured to receive a pressure of the operation fluid and is configured to reduce the set pressure with use of the pressure of the operation fluid applied to the pressure-receivingportion 278 a. However, therelief valve 278 may be constituted of an electromagnetic proportional relief valve instead of that valve. - In that case, the
control device 290 directly changes the set pressure of therelief valve 278 without theproportional valve 273 mentioned above by outputting a control signal to therelief valve 278. - Meanwhile, the travel fluid tube (fluid path) 245 may be provided with a check valve and a throttle portion. In particular, a
check valve 274 is disposed on each of the firsttravel fluid tube 245 a, the secondtravel fluid tube 245 b, the thirdtravel fluid tube 245 d, and the fourth travel fluid tube 245 e. - The
check valve 274 allows the operation fluid to flow from the operation valve side (for example, thefirst operation valve 255A) to the side of therelief valve 278 and blocks the flowing of the operation fluid flowing from the side of therelief valve 278 to the operation valve side. - A bypass fluid tube (a bypass fluid path) 275 is disposed on an inlet side and an outlet side of the
check valve 274, and athrottle portion 276 is disposed on thebypass fluid tube 275. In addition, athrottle portion 277 is disposed on a section of thetravel fluid tube 245 between thecheck valve 274 and a connecting portion connected to thedischarge fluid tube 251. -
FIG. 12A is a view illustrating a first modified example of the hydraulic system.FIG. 12B is a view illustrating a second modified example of the hydraulic system. The modified examples will be explained below. - As shown in
FIG. 12A , anactuation valve 270B includes a pilot check valve 181 and aswitch valve 282. The pilot check valve 181 is configured to block the discharging of the operation fluid in thedischarge fluid tube 251 on the basis of the pressure of the operation fluid applied to the pressure-receivingportion 281 a. Theswitch valve 282 is connected to the pilot check valve 181 by thefluid tube 272. - The
switch valve 282 is a switch valve configured to be switched to afirst position 282A and to asecond position 282B, and is constituted of a two-position switch valve configured to magnetize the solenoid to be switched to the positions, for example. Theswitch valve 282 is switched to thefirst position 282A or to thesecond position 282B in accordance with the control signal of thecontrol device 290. - When the pressure of the operation fluid applied to the pressure-receiving
portion 281 a of the pilot check valve 181 is equal to or more than a predetermined value after theswitch valve 282 is switched to thefirst position 282A, the pilot check valve 181 is closed to block the discharging of the operation fluid in thedischarge fluid tube 251. - Thus, when the pilot check valve 181 blocks the discharging of the operation fluid of the
discharge fluid tube 251, the pressure of the operation fluid in thetravel fluid tube 245 is increased and decreased in accordance with the traveling operation. In this manner, thefirst operation device 247 and thesecond operation device 248 are capable of changing the revolution speed of thetravel motor 236. - On the other hand, when the pressure of the operation fluid applied to the pressure-receiving
portion 281 a of the pilot check valve 181 is equal to or more than a predetermined value after theswitch valve 282 is switched to thesecond position 282B in accordance with the control signal of thecontrol device 290, the pilot check valve 181 is opened to allows the operation fluid in thedischarge fluid tube 251 to be discharged (drained). - Thus, when the pilot check valve 181 allows the operation fluid in the
discharge fluid tube 251 to be discharged (drained), the operation fluid in thetravel fluid tube 245 is discharged (drained) from thedischarge fluid tube 251 to theoperation fluid tank 22 and the like. - As the result, both of the
first operation device 247 and thesecond operation device 248 are capable of reducing the revolution speed of thetravel motor 236, thereby suppressing the traveling speed of the work machine and forbidding the traveling of the wok machine. - Meanwhile, the pilot check valve 181 is closed when the pressure of the operation fluid applied to the pressure-receiving
portion 281 a is equal to or more than a predetermined value and is opened when the pressure of the fluid tube is less than the predetermined value. However, instead of that configurations, the pilot check valve may be opened when the pressure of the operation fluid applied to the pressure-receivingportion 281 a is equal to or more than a predetermined value and is closed when the pressure of the fluid tube is less than the predetermined value. - In that case, the
switch valve 282 is switched to thefirst position 282A in the case of suppressing the traveling speed of the work machine or forbidding the traveling of the work machine. - As shown in
FIG. 12B , theactuation valve 270C is constituted of a switch valve configured to be switched to a first position 270C1 and to a second position 270C2, the first position 270C1 being provided for allowing the operation fluid in thedischarge fluid tube 251 to be discharged (drained), the second position 270C2 being provided for blocking the discharging of the operation fluid in thedischarge fluid tube 251. For example, theactuation valve 270C is constituted of a two-position switch valve configured to magnetize the solenoid to be switched. - The
switch valve 270C is connected to thecontrol device 290, and is switched to the first position 270C1 or the second position 270C2 in accordance with the control signal. In the case of suppressing the traveling speed of the work machine or forbidding the traveling of the work machine, thecontrol device 290 switches theswitch valve 270C to the first position 270C1. In the case of allowing the traveling of the work machine in accordance with the traveling operation, thecontrol device 290 switches theswitch valve 270C to the second position 270C2. - In the embodiment mentioned above, all of the first
travel fluid tube 245 a, the secondtravel fluid tube 245 b, the thirdtravel fluid tube 245 c, and the fourthtravel fluid tube 245 d are connected to thedischarge fluid tube 251. However, thedischarge fluid tube 251 may be disposed on any one of the firsttravel fluid tube 245 a, the secondtravel fluid tube 245 b, the thirdtravel fluid tube 245 c, and the fourthtravel fluid tube 245 d, and any one of theactuation valve 270A, the actuation valve 70B, and the actuation valve 70C. - In other words, any one of the
actuation valve 270A, the actuation valve 70B, and the actuation valve 70C may be disposed on thedischarge fluid tube 251 connected to at least one of thefirst operation valve 255A, thesecond operation valve 255B, thethird operation valve 259A, and thefourth operation valve 259B. - In this manner, the movements of the hydraulic devices for travel can be suppressed or forbidden under the various conditions. For example, the traveling of the work machine such as the forward traveling, the backward traveling, the rightward turning, and the leftward turning can be suppressed (restricted).
- In addition, the
discharge fluid tube 251 may be disposed on thework fluid tube 246, and any one of theactuation valves discharge fluid tube 251. - In other words, the
operation valve 255C serves as the first operation valve, theoperation valve 255D serves as the second operation valve, theoperation valve 259C serves as the third operation valve, theoperation valve 259D serves as the fourth operation valve. And furthermore, any one of theactuation valves discharge fluid tube 251 connected to at least one of thefirst operation valve 255C, thesecond operation valve 255D, thethird operation valve 259C, and thefourth operation valve 259D. - In this manner, the movements of the hydraulic devices for work can be suppressed or forbidden under the various conditions.
- The
discharge fluid tube 251 may be disposed on both of thetravel fluid tube 245 and thework fluid tube 246, and further any one of theactuation valves discharge fluid tube 251. - The
check valve 274, thebypass fluid tune 275, thethrottle portions discharge fluid tube 251 is disposed on the fluid tubes (thetravel fluid tube 245 and the work fluid tube 246). - In addition, the actuation valve is constituted of a valve configured to perform the control relating to the discharging of the operation fluid in the
discharge fluid tube 251, and is not limited to theactuation valves - The check valve for setting the differential pressure may be disposed on the fluid tube on the downstream side connected to the
discharge fluid tube 251 or to the pressure-receiving portion 70 a. - Rates of springs of the
check valves 71 may be different in each of the firstdischarge fluid tube 251 a, the seconddischarge fluid tube 251 b, the thirddischarge fluid tube 251 c, the fourthdischarge fluid tube 251 d, and the fifthdischarge fluid tube 251 e. - A hydraulic system for a work machine includes a hydraulic pump configured to output an operation fluid, a hydraulic device configured to be operated by the operation fluid, an operation member configured to operate the hydraulic device, a plurality of operation valves configured to change a pressure of the operation fluid in accordance with the operation of the operation member, a discharge fluid tube connected to at least one of the plurality of operation valves, the discharge fluid tube being configured to discharge (drain) the operation fluid, and an operation valve disposed on the discharge fluid tube, the operation valve being configured to reduce the pressure of the operation fluid in the discharge fluid tube.
- A hydraulic system for a work machine includes a hydraulic pump configured to output an operation fluid, a hydraulic device configured to be operated by the operation fluid, a first operation device configured to operate the hydraulic device, including a first operation member configured to be operated (moved) to one direction and to the other direction, a first operation valve configured to change a pressure of the operation fluid in accordance with the movement of the first operation member to the one direction, and a second operation valve configured to change the pressure of the operation fluid in accordance with the movement of the first operation member to the other direction, a second operation device configured to operate the hydraulic device, including a second operation member configured to be operated (moved) to one direction and to the other direction, a third operation valve configured to change a pressure of the operation fluid in accordance with the movement of the second operation member to the one direction, and a fourth operation valve configured to change the pressure of the operation fluid in accordance with the movement of the second operation member to the other direction, a discharge fluid tube connected to at least one of the first operation valve, the second operation valve, the third operation valve, and the fourth operation valve, the discharge fluid tube being configured to discharge (drain) the operation fluid, and an operation valve disposed on the discharge fluid tube, the operation valve being configured to reduce the pressure of the operation fluid in the discharge fluid tube.
- The operation valve includes a relief valve configured to change the set pressure.
- The operation valve includes a proportional valve connected to a pressure-receiving portion of the relief valve, the proportional valve being configured to change a pressure of the operation fluid applied to the pressure-receiving portion.
- The hydraulic system mentioned above includes a fluid tube connecting the plurality of operation valves to the hydraulic device and being connected to the discharge fluid tube, and a check valve disposed on the discharge fluid tube, the check valve being configured to allow the operation fluid to flow from the fluid tube toward the operation valve and blocks the flowing of the operation fluid from a discharge side toward the fluid tube.
- The hydraulic system mentioned above includes a fluid tube connecting the hydraulic device to the first operation valve, to the second operation valve, to the third operation valve, and to the fourth operation valve and being connected to the discharge fluid tube, and a check valve disposed on the discharge fluid tube, the check valve being configured to allow the operation fluid to flow from the fluid tube toward the operation valve and blocks the flowing of the operation fluid from a discharge side toward the fluid tube.
- The operation valve includes a pilot check valve configured to block the discharging of the operation fluid in the discharge fluid tube on the basis of the pressure of the operation fluid applied to the pressure-receiving portion.
- The operation valve includes a switch valve configured to be switched between a first position and a second position, the first position being to allow the discharging of the operation fluid in the discharge fluid tube, the second position being to block the discharging of the operation fluid in the discharge fluid tube.
- The hydraulic device is a travel pump configured to change an output on the basis of the pressure of the operation fluid.
- The hydraulic system according to the embodiment is capable of easily reducing (lowering) the pressure in the fluid tube connected to the hydraulic system and the like.
-
FIG. 13 illustrates a hydraulic system for travel serving as a hydraulic system for the work machine according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention. The work machine according to the present embodiment has the configurations similar to the configurations of the work machine described in the above-mentioned embodiments. Thus, the explanation of the configurations of the work machine will be omitted. A hydraulic system for travel illustrated inFIG. 13 is similar to the hydraulic system for travel according to the fifth embodiment. Thus, the explanation of the same configurations will be omitted. - Each of a
travel pump 253L and atravel pump 253R is constituted of a variable displacement axial pumps having a swash plate (a variable displacement pump) that is configured to be driven by a motive power of theprime mover 32. For convenience of the explanation, thetravel pump 253L may be referred to as a first variable displacement pump, and thetravel pump 253R may be referred to as a second variable displacement pump. - Each of the travel pump (the first variable displacement pump) 253L and the travel pump (the second variable displacement pump) 253R includes the forward-movement pressure-receiving
portion 53 a and the backward-movement pressure-receivingportion 53 b. The pilot pressure is applied to a forward-movement pressure-receivingportion 253 a and a backward-movement pressure-receivingportion 253 b. - An angle of the swash plate is changed by the pilot pressure applied to a forward-movement pressure-receiving
portion 253 a and the backward-movement pressure-receivingportion 253 b. When the angle of the swash plate is changed, the changing changes the outputs (output amounts of the operation fluid, that is, a displacement) of the travel pump (the first variable displacement pump) 253L and the travel pump (the second variable displacement pump) 253R and changes the directions of the outputs of the operation fluid. - Thus, the
first operation device 247 and thesecond operation device 248 are operation devices configured to change at least the displacement of the travel pump (the first variable displacement pump) 253L and the displacement of the travel pump (the second variable displacement pump) 253R. - An
operation valve 370 includes arelief valve 378 and aproportional valve 373. Therelief valve 378 is configured to change a set pressure of therelief valve 378. Theproportional valve 373 is connected to therelief valve 378 by a fluid tube (a fluid path) 272. For example, therelief valve 378 is a balanced relief valve configured to vary a set pressure of therelief valve 378 on the basis of the pressure of the operation fluid. Therelief valve 378 has a pressure-receivingportion 378 a configured to receiving the pressure of the operation fluid. - The
fluid tube 272 is connected to the pressure-receivingportion 378 a of therelief valve 378. Theproportional valve 373 is connected to thefluid tube 272. An output fluid tube (an output fluid path) 40 is connected to theproportional valve 373, and thus the operation fluid from a first hydraulic pump P100 can be supplied to theproportional valve 373. - The
proportional valve 373 is an electromagnetic proportional valve configured to magnetize a solenoid to change an aperture of the electromagnetic proportional valve, and is controlled by the control device (the controller) 390. For example, thecontrol device 390 outputs a control signal to theproportional valve 373, and thereby increases and decreases the aperture of theproportional valve 373. - When the aperture of the
proportional valve 373 is increased and decreased, the pressure of the operation fluid also changes in accordance with the increasing and decreasing of the aperture, the pressure being applied to the pressure-receivingportion 378 a of therelief valve 378. In this manner, the set pressure of therelief valve 378 is changed. - For example, when the set pressure of the
relief valve 378 is low, the operation fluid of thetravel fluid tube 245 is discharged (drained) through thedischarge fluid tube 251. In this manner, the pressure of the operation fluid applied to thetravel fluid tube 245 is reduced. - As described above, the pressure of the operation fluid is reduced in the
travel fluid tube 245, and thereby the pressures of the operation fluid applied to the forward-movement pressure-receivingportion 253 a and to the backward-movement pressure-receivingportion 253 b are reduced in thetravel pump 253L and thetravel pump 253R. - That is, the
control device 390 and the operation valves 370 (therelief valve 378 and the proportional valve 373) are capable of changing the displacements of thetravel pump 253L and thetravel pump 253R independently from the operations of the operation devices (thefirst operation device 247 and the second operation device 248). - A control to the
operation valves 370 performed by thecontrol device 390 will be explained below. - A revolution speed detection device (a detection device) 301 and a temperature detection device (a detection device) 302 are connected to the
control device 390. The revolutionspeed detection device 301 is a device configured to detect a revolution speed of the prime mover. The revolutionspeed detection device 301 detects an engine revolution speed in a case where the prime mover is an engine, and detects a motor revolution speed in a case where the prime mover is an electric motor. Thetemperature detection device 302 measures a temperature of the operation fluid (referred to as a fluid temperature). - The
control device 390 controls a revolution speed of the prime mover, and controls a set value of therelief valve 378, that is, the pressure in thetravel fluid tube 245 in accordance with the fluid temperature detected by thetemperature detection device 302. The revolution speed of the prime mover is detected by the revolutionspeed detection device 301. - For convenience of the explanation, the revolution speed of the prime mover is the engine revolution speed. In addition, the pressure in the
travel fluid tube 245 is referred to as “a temperature-restricting pressure”, the pressure being controlled on the basis of the engine revolution speed and the fluid temperature. - The
control device 390 includes a first pressure-setting circuit (a first pressure-setting portion) 390A. The first pressure-setting circuit 390A is configured to set the temperature-restricting pressure. The first pressure-setting circuit 390A is constituted of a computer program stored in thecontrol device 390, an electric circuit, an electronic circuit, or the like. - The first pressure-
setting circuit 390A sets the set pressure (the temperature-restricting pressure) of therelief valve 378 on the basis of the engine revolution speed and the fluid temperature. In the embodiment, the first pressure-setting circuit 390A sets the set pressure (the temperature-restricting pressure) of therelief valve 378 on the basis of a plurality of threshold values related to the operation fluid (a plurality of threshold values related to the fluid temperature) and the engine revolution speed set in accordance with the plurality of threshold values. - The first pressure-
setting circuit 390A may set the temperature-restricting pressure of therelief valve 378 on the basis of the engine revolution speed and one of the fluid temperatures. -
FIG. 15 is a view illustrating a relation between the engine revolution speed, the fluid temperature, and the set pressure of the relief valve 378 (the temperature-restricting pressure). - The
control device 390 stores a first control information (a first control map) showing a relation between the engine revolution speed and the temperature-restricting pressure for each of the plurality of the fluid temperatures, for example. - For example, the
control device 390 stores a first control line L1, a second control line L2, a third control line L3, and a fourth control line IA. The first control line L1 shows a relation between the engine revolution speed and the temperature-restricting pressure under a condition where the fluid temperature is −30° C. (degrees) or less. The second control line L2 shows a relation between the engine revolution speed and the temperature-restricting pressure under a condition where the fluid temperature is −20° C. (degrees). The third control line L3 shows a relation between the engine revolution speed and the temperature-restricting pressure under a condition where the fluid temperature is −10° C. (degrees). The fourth control line L4 shows a relation between the engine revolution speed and the temperature-restricting pressure under a condition where the fluid temperature is 0° C. (degrees) or more. - In other words, the
control device 390 has a plurality of control lines (the first control line L10, the second control line L20, the third control line L30, and the fourth control line L40) representing a plurality of threshold values of the fluid temperature (−30° C., −20° C., −10° C., and 0° C.). - Meanwhile, the
control device 390 may store a function (a control function) serving as the first control information, the function being used for calculating the plurality of control lines (the first control line L10, the second control line L20, the third control line L30, and the fourth control line L40). And, thecontrol device 390 may store some data serving as the first control information, the data representing the plurality of control lines (the first control line L10, the second control line L20, the third control line L30, and the fourth control line L40). Moreover, thecontrol device 390 may store a parameter serving as the first control information, the parameter being used for obtaining the plurality of control lines (the first control line L10, the second control line L20, the third control line L30, and the fourth control line L40). Thus, the first control information is not limited to a specific type of information. - In addition, the fluid temperature, the engine revolution speed, and the temperature-restricting pressure are not limited to the values (the threshold values) shown in
FIG. 15 . - In each of the first control line 10L, the second control line L20, the third control line L30, and the fourth control line L40, the temperature-restricting pressure reduces in accordance with reduction of the engine revolution speed from the maximum value (2500 rpm).
- In each of the first control line 10L, the second control line L20, the third control line L30, and the fourth control line L40, the temperature-restricting pressure is constant in a case where the engine revolution speed is at a predetermined revolution speed (2000 rpm) or more.
- In each of the first control line 10L, the second control line L20, the third control line L30, and the fourth control line L40, the temperature-restricting pressure increases in accordance with increment of the fluid temperature at the identical engine revolution speed.
- In addition, each of the plurality of the control lines includes a reducing
section 311 and aconstant section 312. The reducingsection 311 reduces the temperature-restricting pressure in accordance with the reduction of the engine revolution speed. Theconstant section 312 keep the temperature-restricting pressure constant regardless of the reduction of the engine revolution speed. - The first pressure-
setting circuit 390A monitors the engine revolution speed detected by the revolution speed detection device 301 (referred to as a detected revolution speed) and monitors the fluid temperature (a detected fluid temperature) detected by thetemperature detection device 302. - The first pressure-
setting circuit 390A obtains the temperature-restricting pressure on the basis of the detected revolution speed, the detected fluid temperature, and the first control information. That is, the first pressure-setting circuit 390A obtains the temperature-restricting pressure on the basis of the plurality of fluid temperatures and the engine revolution speeds, the engine revolution speeds being set based on the plurality of fluid temperatures. - The
control device 390 outputs a control signal to theproportional valve 373, and thereby sets the temperature-restricting pressure obtained by the first pressure-setting circuit 390A. Thecontrol device 390 sets the aperture of theproportional valve 373, and thereby changes the set pressure of therelief valve 378 on the basis of the engine revolution speed and the fluid temperature. - According to the hydraulic system described above, the first pressure-
setting circuit 390A increases the temperature-restricting pressure of therelief valve 378 in a case where the fluid temperature is 0° C. or more and a viscosity of the operation fluid is low, for example. - Thus, in a case where the viscosity of the operation fluid is low, the displacements of the first
variable displacement pump 253L and the secondvariable displacement pump 253R are varied in accordance with the operation devices (thefirst operation device 247 and thesecond operation device 248, and thereby a traveling speed of thework machine 1 is changed. - Meanwhile, in a case where the fluid temperature is −30° C. or less and the viscosity of the operation fluid is high, the first pressure-
setting circuit 390A reduces the temperature-restricting pressure. In that case, the displacements of the firstvariable displacement pump 253L and the secondvariable displacement pump 253R are reduced, and thereby the operation fluid is warmed up with the traveling speed of thework machine 1 reduced. - In addition, the temperature-restricting pressure is reduced depending on each of the fluid temperatures in a case where the engine revolution speed is reduced. That is, in the case where an output power of the engine is reduced, the displacements of the first
variable displacement pump 253L and the secondvariable displacement 253R are reduced, and thereby thework machine 1 is capable of continuing works. - Meanwhile, the
work machine 1 may restrict the traveling speed of thework machine 1.FIG. 16 is a view illustrating a hydraulic system (a hydraulic circuit) capable of restricting the traveling speed. That is,FIG. 16 is a view illustrating a first modified example of the hydraulic system described above. - In the restriction of the traveling speed, the
control device 390, theoperation valve 370, or the like fixes an upper value of the set pressure of the operation valve to a predetermined value, and sets upper limitation values of the firstvariable displacement pump 253L and the secondvariable displacement pump 253R. In this manner, even when the operation device is operated, the traveling speed is restricted such that the traveling speed does not exceeds a predetermined traveling speed. For convenience of the explanation, the restriction of the traveling speed will be referred to as a vehicle speed restriction. - For example, a
restriction switch 303 is connected to thecontrol device 390, therestriction switch 390 being configured to select whether to perform the vehicle speed restriction or not. Therestriction switch 303 may be a manual switch capable of being operated by an operator and may be an automatic switch such as a sensor capable of being switched automatically. - When the
restriction switch 303 is turned on, thecontrol device 390 executes a process of the vehicle speed restriction. When therestriction switch 303 is turned off, thecontrol device 390 does not execute the process of the vehicle speed restriction. - As shown in
FIG. 16 , thecontrol device 390 includes a second pressure-setting circuit (a second pressure-setting portion) 390B. The second pressure-setting circuit 390B is constituted of a computer program stored in thecontrol device 390, an electric circuit, an electronic circuit, or the like, which are stored in thecontrol device 390. - The second pressure-
setting circuit 390B sets the set pressure of therelief valve 378 in the vehicle speed restriction. For convenience of the explanation, the pressure of in thetravel fluid tube 245 is referred to as “a travel-restricting pressure”, the pressure being set in the vehicle speed restriction. -
FIG. 16 is a view illustrating a relation between the engine revolution speed, the fluid temperature, and the set pressures of the relief valve 378 (the travel-restricting pressure, the temperature-restricting pressure). - The
control device 390 stores a second control information (a second control map) showing a relation between the engine revolution speed and the temperature-restricting pressure in the vehicle speed restriction, for example. That is, thecontrol device 390 has a fifth control line L50. The fifth control line L50 is used in the vehicle speed restriction. - The fifth control line L50 sets an upper limitation of the set pressure of the
relief valve 378 in each of the first control line L10, the second control line L20, the third control line L30, and the fourth control line L40. The fifth control line L50 is a control line that lowers the travel-restricting pressure than the temperature-restricting pressure set by the first pressure-setting circuit 390A. - In a case where the vehicle speed restriction is not performed, the first pressure-
setting circuit 390A sets the temperature-restricting pressure on the basis of the plurality of control lines (the first control line L10, the second control line L20, the third control line L30, and the fourth control line L40). For example, in a case where the engine revolution speed is in a range Q10 on the control line L10 as shown inFIG. 17 , the temperature-restricting pressure is set to a range M10. - In addition, in a case where the engine revolution speed is in a range Q20 on the control line L10, the temperature-restricting pressure is set to a range M20. In a case where the vehicle speed restriction is performed under that condition, the second pressure-
setting circuit 390B sets an upper limitation of the set pressure (the speed-restricting pressure) of therelief valve 378 to a range M30 in accordance with the fifth control line L50. - That is, in a case where the vehicle speed restriction is performed, the set pressure (the speed-restricting pressure) of the
relief valve 378 is fixed to the range M30 even when the engine revolution speed is in the range Q10. - That is, in the case where the vehicle speed restriction is performed, the second pressure-
setting circuit 390B lowers the set pressure (the travel-restricting pressure) of therelief valve 378 than the temperature-restricting pressure M10 and the range M20, the temperature-restricting pressure M10 and the range M20 being set the first pressure-setting circuit 390A. - In particular, the second pressure-
setting circuit 390B lowers the set pressure of therelief valve 378 than the temperature-restricting pressure regardless of the fluid temperature at any fluid temperature, 0° C. or more, −10° C., −20° C., −30° C. or less. - As described above, the second pressure-
setting circuit 390B lowers the set pressure (the travel-restricting pressure) M30 of therelief valve 378 than the range M20 and the temperature-restricting pressure M10 set by the first pressure-setting circuit 390A. In this manner, the operation fluid can be supplied from therelief valve 378 to theoperation fluid tank 22 and the like even in the vehicle speed restriction, and thereby the operation fluid is warmed up. - Meanwhile, the
work machine 1 may restrict the engine revolution speed.FIG. 18 is a view illustrating a hydraulic system (a hydraulic circuit) capable of restricting the engine revolution speed. That is,FIG. 18 is a view illustrating a second modified example of the hydraulic system described above. - An
accelerator 304 is connected to thecontrol device 390. Theaccelerator 304 is configured to set the engine revolution speed. When theaccelerator 304 is operated, an operation amount (an operation extent) of theaccelerator 304 is inputted to thecontrol device 390. Then, thecontrol device 390 controls the engine revolution speed in accordance with the operation amount of theaccelerator 304. - In a case where the engine revolution speed is restricted, an upper limit of the engine revolution speed is set so as not to exceed a restriction value Q40. The restriction value Q40 is a value lower than the maximum value of the revolution speed of the engine.
- That is, in a case where the engine revolution speed is not restricted, the engine revolution speed can be set to the restriction value Q40 or more by the operation of the accelerator. However, in a case where the engine revolution speed is restricted, the
control device 390 fixes the upper limit of the engine revolution speed to the restriction value Q40 regardless of the operation of theaccelerator 304. - The
accelerator 304 is not described in the embodiment described above. However, thework machine 1 is provided with theaccelerator 304 obviously. - The engine revolution speed is restricted by the
control device 390. The engine revolution speed is restricted when the fluid temperature detected by thetemperature detection device 302 is lowered by a predetermined temperature or more, for example. - For convenience of the explanation, the pressure in the
travel fluid tube 245 will be referred to as “a revolution speed restricting pressure (a rev.-restricting pressure)” below, the pressure being set under the restriction of the engine revolution speed. In addition, the restriction of the engine revolution speed will be referred to as “a revolution speed restriction” below. - As shown in
FIG. 18 , thecontrol device 390 includes a third pressure-setting circuit (a third pressure-setting portion) 390C. The third pressure-setting circuit 390C is constituted of a computer program stored in thecontrol device 390, an electric circuit, an electronic circuit, or the like, which are stored in thecontrol device 390. The third pressure-setting circuit 390C sets the set pressure of therelief valve 378 in the revolution speed restriction. -
FIG. 19 is a view illustrating a relation between the engine revolution speed, the fluid, the set pressures (the temperature-restricting pressure, the rev.-restricting pressure) of therelief valve 378. - As shown in
FIG. 19 , thecontrol device 390 stores a sixth control line L60 and a seventh control line L70. The sixth control line L60 is used in a case where the fluid temperature is a normal temperature or more (for example, −10° C. or more). The seventh control line L70 is used in a case where the fluid temperature is out of the normal temperature (for example, less than −10° C.). - The sixth control line L60 is used in a case where the fluid temperature is the normal temperature when the revolution speed restriction is not performed. The seventh control line L70 is used in a case where the fluid temperature is out of the normal temperature when the revolution speed restriction is performed.
- The upper limit of the engine revolution speed shown in the seventh control line L70 is identical to the restriction value Q40 employed in the revolution speed restriction. Additionally, under the restriction value Q40, that is, in the range Q3 where the revolution speed restriction is not performed. the rev.-restricting pressure set on the seventh control line L70 is lower than the temperature-restricting pressure set on the sixth control line L60.
- In a case where the revolution speed restriction is not performed, the first pressure-
setting circuit 390A sets the temperature-restricting pressure on the basis of the sixth control line L60. On the other hand, in a case where the fluid temperature is out of the normal temperature and less than −10° C., the third pressure-setting circuit 390C sets the rev.-restricting pressure on the basis of the seventh control line L70. - For example, the
control device 390 fixes the operation amount of theaccelerator 304 to the restriction value Q40 even when the operation amount of theaccelerator 304 is set to the engine revolution speed exceeding the restriction value Q40. On the other hand, the third pressure-setting circuit 390C fixes the rev.-restricting pressure to the rev.-restricting pressure M40 on the basis of the restriction value Q40 and the seventh control line L70. - In addition, when the operation amount of the
accelerator 304 is set to be less than the restriction value Q40, the third pressure-setting circuit 390C sets the rev.-restricting pressure to a range M50 in accordance with the engine revolution speed. - That is, in the revolution speed restriction, the third pressure-setting circuit 390C lowers the rev.-restricting pressure than the temperature-restricting pressure set by the first pressure-
setting circuit 390A within the range Q30 where the revolution speed restriction is not performed. - As described above, the output powers of the variable displacement pumps (the first hydraulic pump P100, the second hydraulic pump P20) is suppressed under the revolution speed restriction. Under than condition, the operation fluid is supplied from the
relief valve 378 to theoperation fluid tank 22 and the like, and thereby the operation fluid is warmed up. - The hydraulic system according to the embodiment easily changes the displacement of the variable displacement pump connected to the hydraulic circuit for travel.
-
FIG. 20 is a view illustrating the hydraulic system according to a seventh embodiment of the present invention. Explanations of the configurations similar to the configurations of the embodiments described above will be omitted. The seventh embodiment is different from the sixth embodiment in that thefirst operation device 247 provides a working operation and thesecond operation device 248 provides a traveling operation. - The
first operation device 247 is provided with anoperation valve 255A, anoperation valve 255B, anoperation valve 255C, and anoperation valve 255D, which are working-operation valves. - A first working fluid tube (a first working fluid path) 246 a connects the
operation valve 255A to the pressure-receiving portion of thefirst control valve 256A. A second working fluid tube (a second working fluid path) 246 b connects theoperation valve 255B to the pressure-receiving portion of thefirst control valve 256A. - A third working fluid tube (a third working fluid path) 246 c connects the
operation valve 255C to the pressure-receiving portion of thesecond control valve 256B. A fourth working fluid tube (a fourth working fluid path) 246 d connects theoperation valve 255D to the pressure-receiving portion of thesecond control valve 256B. - The
operation valve 255A, theoperation valve 255B, theoperation valve 255C, and theoperation valve 255D are the working operation valves. - The
second operation device 248 is provided with anoperation valve 259A, anoperation valve 259B, anoperation valve 259C, and anoperation valve 259D, which are traveling-operation valves. Theoperation valve 259A, theoperation valve 259B, theoperation valve 259C, and theoperation valve 259D are connected to a plurality of high-pressure select valves (shuttle valves) 321, 322, 323, and 324 by a fifthtravel fluid tube 245 d. - A first
travel fluid tube 245 a connects theshuttle valve 322 to the forward-movement pressure-receivingportion 253 a of thetravel pump 253L. A secondtravel fluid tube 245 b connects theshuttle valve 324 to the backward-movement pressure-receivingportion 253 b of thetravel pump 253L. - A third
travel fluid tube 245 c connects the shuttle valve 321 to the forward-movement pressure-receivingportion 253 a of thetravel pump 253R. A fourthtravel fluid tube 245 d connects theshuttle valve 323 to the backward-movement pressure-receivingportion 253 b of thetravel pump 253R. The other configurations are similar to the configurations of the sixth embodiment. - As described above, even in the hydraulic circuit that has the
first operation device 247 for the working operation and thesecond operation device 248 for the traveling operation, the hydraulic circuit is capable of changing the displacement of the firstvariable discharge pump 253L and the displacement of the secondvariable discharge pump 253R by discharging the operation fluid included in thetravel fluid tube 245 through thedischarge fluid tube 251 and theoperation valve 370 on the basis of the engine revolution speed and the fluid temperature. - A hydraulic system for a work machine includes a prime mover, a variable displacement pump to be driven by a power of the prime mover, the variable displacement pump being configured to change a displacement of the variable displacement pump, an operation device having an operation member and an operation valve configured to change a pressure of the operation fluid in accordance with an operation of the operation member, the operation device being configured to change the displacement of the variable displacement pump with use of the pressure of the operation fluid changed by the operation valve, a travel fluid tube connecting the operation valve to the variable displacement pump, a discharge fluid tube connected to the travel fluid tube, the discharge fluid tube being configured to discharge (drain) the operation fluid included in the travel fluid tube, an operation valve disposed on the discharge fluid tube, the operation valve being configured to reduce the pressure of the operation fluid in the travel fluid tube, and a control device (a controller) configured to control the operation valve on the basis of a revolution speed of the prime mover and a temperature of the operation fluid.
- A hydraulic system for a work machine includes a prime mover, a first variable displacement pump to be driven by a power of the prime mover, the first variable displacement pump being configured to change a displacement of the first variable displacement pump, a second variable displacement pump to be driven by a power of the prime mover, the second variable displacement pump being configured to change a displacement of the second variable displacement pump, a first operation device having a first operation member and a first operation valve configured to change a pressure of the operation fluid in accordance with an operation of the first operation member, the first operation device being configured to change the displacement of the variable displacement pump with use of the pressure of the operation fluid changed by the first operation valve, a second operation device having a second operation member and a second operation valve configured to change a pressure of the operation fluid in accordance with an operation of the second operation member, the second operation device being configured to change the displacement of the variable displacement pump with use of the pressure of the operation fluid changed by the second operation valve, a travel fluid tube connecting the first operation valve and the second operation valve to the first variable displacement pump and the second variable displacement pump, a discharge fluid tube connected to the travel fluid tube, the discharge fluid tube being configured to discharge (drain) the operation fluid included in the travel fluid tube, an operation valve disposed on the discharge fluid tube, the operation valve being configured to reduce the pressure of the operation fluid in the travel fluid tube, and a control device (a controller) configured to control the operation valve on the basis of a revolution speed of the prime mover and a temperature of the operation fluid.
- The control device includes a first pressure-setting circuit configured to set a temperature-restricting pressure that is a pressure in the travel fluid tube on the basis of a temperature of the operation fluid and a revolution speed of the prime mover, wherein the operation valve is controlled on the basis of the temperature-restricting pressure.
- The control device includes a first pressure-setting circuit configured to set a temperature-restricting pressure that is a pressure in the travel fluid tube on the basis of a plurality of threshold values related to the operation fluid and revolution speeds of the prime mover set in accordance with the plurality of threshold values, wherein the operation valve is controlled on the basis of the temperature-restricting pressure.
- The control device includes a second pressure-setting circuit configured to set a travel-restricting pressure in restricting a traveling speed of the work machine, the travel-restricting pressure being a pressure in the travel fluid tube, wherein the second pressure-setting circuit lowers the travel-restricting pressure than the temperature-restricting pressure set by the first pressure-setting circuit in restricting the traveling speed.
- The control device includes a third pressure-setting circuit configured to set a revolution-restricting pressure in restricting the revolution speed of the prime mover, the revolution-restricting pressure being a pressure in the travel fluid tube, wherein the operation valve is controlled on the basis of the revolution-restricting pressure.
- The third pressure-setting circuit lowers the revolution-restricting pressure than the temperature-restricting pressure in restricting the revolution speed of the prime mover, the temperature-restricting pressure being set by the first pressure-setting circuit in a range of revolution speed where the revolution speed of the prime mover is not restricted.
- The hydraulic system according to the embodiment easily changes the displacement of the variable displacement pump connected to the hydraulic circuit for travel.
- In the above description, the embodiment of the present invention has been explained. However, all the features of the embodiments disclosed in this application should be considered just as examples, and the embodiments do not restrict the present invention accordingly. A scope of the present invention is shown not in the above-described embodiments but in claims, and is intended to include all modifications within and equivalent to a scope of the claims.
Claims (11)
1. A hydraulic system for a work machine comprising:
an operation member;
a hydraulic pump to output an operation fluid;
a first fluid tube connected to the hydraulic pump;
an operation valve disposed on the first fluid tube, the operation valve being configured to control, in accordance with an operation extent of the operation member, a pressure of the operation fluid to be outputted;
a hydraulic apparatus to be driven by the operation fluid outputted from the operation valve;
a second hydraulic tube connecting the operation valve to the hydraulic apparatus;
an actuation valve disposed on the first fluid tube between the operation valve and the hydraulic pump;
a third fluid tube connecting the second fluid tube to an intermediate section of the first fluid tube between the operation valve and the actuation valve; and
a check valve disposed on the third fluid tube, the check valve being configured to supply the operation fluid from the second fluid tube to the first fluid tube and block the operation fluid flowing from the first fluid tube to the second fluid tube.
2. The hydraulic system according to claim 1 , comprising
a throttle disposed between the operation valve and a portion of the second fluid tube, the portion being connected to the third fluid.
3. A hydraulic system for a work machine comprising:
an operation member to be moved to one direction and to the other direction;
a hydraulic pump to output an operation fluid;
a first fluid tube connected to the hydraulic pump;
a first operation valve connected to the first fluid tube, the first operation valve being configured to control, in accordance with the movement to the one direction of the operation member, a pressure of the operation fluid to be outputted;
a second operation valve connected to the first fluid tube, the first operation valve being configured to control, in accordance with the movement to the other direction of the operation member, a pressure of the operation fluid to be outputted;
a hydraulic apparatus to be driven by the operation fluid outputted from the first operation valve or from the second operation valve; and
a pressure changer to differentiate a pressure of the operation fluid that is supplied from the first operation valve to the hydraulic apparatus when the operation member is moved to the one direction from a pressure of the operation fluid that is supplied from the second operation valve to the hydraulic apparatus when the operation member is moved to the other direction.
4. A hydraulic system for a work machine comprising:
an operation member to be moved to a first direction and to a second direction perpendicular to the first direction;
a hydraulic pump to output an operation fluid;
a first fluid tube connected to the hydraulic pump;
a first operation valve connected to the first fluid tube, the first operation valve being configured to control, in accordance with the movement to one direction in the first direction of the operation member, a pressure of the operation fluid to be outputted;
a second operation valve connected to the first fluid tube, the first operation valve being configured to control, in accordance with the movement to the other direction in the first direction of the operation member, a pressure of the operation fluid to be outputted;
a third operation valve connected to the first fluid tube, the first operation valve being configured to control, in accordance with the movement to one direction in the second direction of the operation member, a pressure of the operation fluid to be outputted;
a fourth operation valve connected to the first fluid tube, the first operation valve being configured to control, in accordance with the movement to the other direction in the second direction of the operation member, a pressure of the operation fluid to be outputted;
a hydraulic apparatus to be driven by the operation fluid outputted from at least one of the first operation valve, the second operation valve, the third operation valve, and the fourth operation valve; and
a pressure changer to differentiate a pressure of the operation fluid that is supplied from the first operation valve or the second operation valve to the hydraulic apparatus when the operation member is moved to the first direction from a pressure of the operation fluid that is supplied from the third operation valve or the fourth operation valve to the hydraulic apparatus when the operation member is moved to the second direction.
5. The hydraulic system according to claim 4 ,
wherein the hydraulic apparatus is a travel device to travel forward, backward, rightward, and leftward,
the first operation valve is a valve to output the operation fluid for the forward traveling to the travel device,
the second operation valve is a valve to output the operation fluid for the backward traveling to the travel device,
the third operation valve is a valve to output the operation fluid for the rightward traveling to the travel device, and
the fourth operation valve is a valve to output the operation fluid for the leftward traveling to the travel device.
6. The hydraulic system according to claim 5 ,
wherein the pressure changer includes
a first variable relief valve connected to the first operation valve, the first variable relief valve having a pressure-receiving portion to receive the pressure outputted from the third operation valve, and
a second variable relief valve connected to the second operation valve, the first variable relief valve having a pressure-receiving portion to receive the pressure outputted from the fourth operation valve.
7. A hydraulic system for a work machine comprising:
a hydraulic pump to output an operation fluid;
a first hydraulic fluid connected to the hydraulic pump;
a travel device to be activated by the operation fluid;
a first operation device connected to the travel device, including a first operation member to be moved to one direction and to the other direction,
a first operation valve connected to the first fluid tube, the first operation valve being configured to control, in accordance with the movement to the one direction of the first operation member, a pressure of the operation fluid, and
a second operation valve connected to the first fluid tube, the first operation valve being configured to control, in accordance with the movement to the other direction of the first operation member, the pressure of the operation fluid;
a second operation device connected to the travel device, the second operation device being other than the first operation device, including
a second operation member to be moved to one direction and to the other direction,
a third operation valve connected to the first fluid tube, the third operation valve being configured to control, in accordance with the movement to the one direction of the second operation member, the pressure of the operation fluid, and
a fourth operation valve connected to the first fluid tube, the fourth operation valve being configured to control, in accordance with the movement to the other direction of the second operation member, the pressure of the operation fluid;
a first select valve including
an output port to output higher any one of the pressure of the operation fluid outputted from the first operation valve and the pressure of the operation fluid outputted from the third operation valve;
a second select valve including
an output port to output higher any one of the pressure of the operation fluid outputted from the second operation valve and the pressure of the operation fluid outputted from the fourth operation valve;
a third select valve including
an output port to output higher any one of the pressure of the operation fluid outputted from the output port of the first operation valve and the pressure of the operation fluid outputted from the output port of the second operation valve;
a fourth fluid tube connected to the output port of the third select valve; and
a brake device connected to the fourth fluid tube, the brake device to release a braking state of the travel device when the pressure of the operation fluid is applied to the brake device.
8. The hydraulic system according to claim 7 , comprising:
a fifth fluid tube connected to an intermediate portion of the fourth fluid tube; and
a switch valve connected to the fifth fluid tube, the switch valve being configured to be switched to discharge the operation fluid included in the fifth fluid tube.
9. The hydraulic system according to claim 7 , comprising
a first check valve disposed on the fourth fluid tube, the first check valve being configured to supply the operation fluid from the third select valve to the brake device and block the operation fluid flowing from the brake device to the third select valve.
10. The hydraulic system according to claim 9 , comprising
a second check valve to supply the operation fluid from a side of the first check valve to the switch valve and block the operation fluid flowing from the switch valve to the side of the first check valve.
11. The hydraulic system according to claim 7 , comprising
a switch to switch the switch valve between a side to discharge the operation fluid included in the fourth fluid tube and a side not to discharge the operation fluid included in the fourth fluid tube.
Priority Applications (2)
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US16/288,944 US20190195207A1 (en) | 2016-06-07 | 2019-02-28 | Hydraulic system for work machine |
US17/860,279 US20220341128A1 (en) | 2016-06-07 | 2022-07-08 | Hydraulic system for work machine |
Applications Claiming Priority (8)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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JP2016113600A JP6647969B2 (en) | 2016-06-07 | 2016-06-07 | Working machine hydraulic system |
JP2016-113600 | 2016-06-07 | ||
JP2016255463A JP6695792B2 (en) | 2016-12-28 | 2016-12-28 | Hydraulic system of work equipment |
JP2016-255462 | 2016-12-28 | ||
JP2016-255463 | 2016-12-28 | ||
JP2016255462A JP6695791B2 (en) | 2016-12-28 | 2016-12-28 | Hydraulic system of work equipment |
US15/615,056 US10280906B2 (en) | 2016-06-07 | 2017-06-06 | Hydraulic system for work machine |
US16/288,944 US20190195207A1 (en) | 2016-06-07 | 2019-02-28 | Hydraulic system for work machine |
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US15/615,056 Division US10280906B2 (en) | 2016-06-07 | 2017-06-06 | Hydraulic system for work machine |
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US17/860,279 Division US20220341128A1 (en) | 2016-06-07 | 2022-07-08 | Hydraulic system for work machine |
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US16/288,944 Abandoned US20190195207A1 (en) | 2016-06-07 | 2019-02-28 | Hydraulic system for work machine |
US17/860,279 Pending US20220341128A1 (en) | 2016-06-07 | 2022-07-08 | Hydraulic system for work machine |
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US20220341128A1 (en) * | 2016-06-07 | 2022-10-27 | Kubota Corporation | Hydraulic system for work machine |
Families Citing this family (6)
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JP6695791B2 (en) * | 2016-12-28 | 2020-05-20 | 株式会社クボタ | Hydraulic system of work equipment |
CN109429501B (en) * | 2017-06-27 | 2021-05-25 | 株式会社小松制作所 | Working machine |
US11236491B2 (en) * | 2019-02-18 | 2022-02-01 | Kubota Corporation | Working machine |
US11635141B2 (en) * | 2020-08-15 | 2023-04-25 | Kubota Corporation | Working machine |
US20220049469A1 (en) * | 2020-08-15 | 2022-02-17 | Kubota Corporation | Working machine |
JP2023094315A (en) * | 2021-12-23 | 2023-07-05 | 株式会社クボタ | work machine |
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JP2004183539A (en) * | 2002-12-02 | 2004-07-02 | Toshiba Corp | Hydraulic generator |
DE102007028919B4 (en) * | 2007-06-22 | 2012-12-06 | Airbus Operations Gmbh | Apparatus and method for controlling the temperature of a hydraulic fluid |
JP5358148B2 (en) * | 2008-09-19 | 2013-12-04 | ヤンマー株式会社 | Switching valve operating mechanism for work vehicles |
JP5687970B2 (en) | 2011-08-10 | 2015-03-25 | 株式会社クボタ | Working machine |
ITMO20110236A1 (en) * | 2011-09-19 | 2013-03-20 | Cnh Italia Spa | ELECTRONIC OIL LEVEL MANAGEMENT. |
US9080311B2 (en) * | 2011-11-29 | 2015-07-14 | Hitachi Construction Machinery Co., Ltd. | Construction machine |
JP5809544B2 (en) | 2011-12-02 | 2015-11-11 | 株式会社クボタ | Warm-up system |
JP6690855B2 (en) | 2015-02-06 | 2020-04-28 | 株式会社クボタ | Hydraulic system of work machine and work machine |
US10280906B2 (en) * | 2016-06-07 | 2019-05-07 | Kubota Corporation | Hydraulic system for work machine |
US11788255B2 (en) * | 2020-06-30 | 2023-10-17 | Kubota Corporation | Working machine |
US11873894B2 (en) * | 2020-08-15 | 2024-01-16 | Kubota Corporation | Working machine |
JP2023025934A (en) * | 2021-08-11 | 2023-02-24 | 株式会社クボタ | Hydraulic system for work machine |
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- 2019-02-28 US US16/288,944 patent/US20190195207A1/en not_active Abandoned
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20220341128A1 (en) * | 2016-06-07 | 2022-10-27 | Kubota Corporation | Hydraulic system for work machine |
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US20170350095A1 (en) | 2017-12-07 |
US20220341128A1 (en) | 2022-10-27 |
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