Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
  • A01C3/00—Treating manure; Manuring
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L5/00—Solid fuels
  • C10L5/02—Solid fuels such as briquettes consisting mainly of carbonaceous materials of mineral or non-mineral origin
  • C10L5/34—Other details of the shaped fuels, e.g. briquettes
  • C10L5/36—Shape
  • C10L5/363—Pellets or granulates
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L5/00—Solid fuels
  • C10L5/40—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin
  • C10L5/42—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin on animal substances or products obtained therefrom, e.g. manure
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L2200/00—Components of fuel compositions
  • C10L2200/04—Organic compounds
  • C10L2200/0461—Fractions defined by their origin
  • C10L2200/0469—Renewables or materials of biological origin
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
  • C10L2290/08—Drying or removing water
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
  • C10L2290/14—Injection, e.g. in a reactor or a fuel stream during fuel production
  • C10L2290/141—Injection, e.g. in a reactor or a fuel stream during fuel production of additive or catalyst
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
  • C10L2290/14—Injection, e.g. in a reactor or a fuel stream during fuel production
  • C10L2290/146—Injection, e.g. in a reactor or a fuel stream during fuel production of water
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
  • C10L2290/24—Mixing, stirring of fuel components
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
  • C10L2290/28—Cutting, disintegrating, shredding or grinding
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
  • C10L2290/30—Pressing, compressing or compacting
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
  • C10L2290/34—Applying ultrasonic energy
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
  • C10L2290/40—Applying a magnetic field or inclusion of magnets in the apparatus
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
  • C10L2290/46—Compressors or pumps
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
  • C10L2290/50—Screws or pistons for moving along solids
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
  • C10L2290/54—Specific separation steps for separating fractions, components or impurities during preparation or upgrading of a fuel
  • C10L2290/545—Washing, scrubbing, stripping, scavenging for separating fractions, components or impurities during preparation or upgrading of a fuel
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
  • Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
  • Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel

Definitions

• the objective is to obtain a solid biofuel comprising lignin from the manure of cattle, goats and pigs that complies with the ISO 17225-6 standard in both energy and environmental matters and a method for obtaining them.
• the method is mainly based on the separation of lignin contaminants. This is achieved by the following steps: treatment of the manure in the washing pond by means of feeding the system to a washing tank; washing the manure in the wash tank by means of rotary movements and ultrasound and water drag; addition of a continuous flow of clean water into the wash tank; separation of liquids and solids; pressed for the removal of excess water from the solid biofuel without drying and finally drying it.
• the present invention describes a method for treatment of animal slurries, particularly livestock manure, to obtain a product with high calorific value that when burned releases noxious gases in a low concentration.
• the present invention describes a method for the treatment of livestock manure, particularly cow manure, without limiting this invention use for treatment of another mammals' manure.
• This method allows to obtain a product with high calorific value and low release of noxious gases and ash when burned, particularly corresponding to lignin.
• manure production is a problem that is often hard to address, because it is a waste product that can pollute plots, groundwater and the environment in general if it is not properly managed. Likewise, there is a concern in the health management of manure in the milk and cattle industries.
• the livestock sector is one of the major contributors for the greenhouse effect in the world, being highly noxious, according to a report emitted by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO, FA Livestock's long shadow environmental issues and options 2006). That report indicates that the livestock sector produces greenhouse gases levels that when measured in carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) equivalent are higher than the produced by the transportation industry.
• CO 2 carbon dioxide
• the manure produced by the livestock systems can elicit a negative environmental impact if there is not control of storage, transport or application of it, because of the release of polluting gases into the atmosphere, and the accumulation of micro and macronutrients in the soil and surface water bodies.
• EPA Environmental Protection Agency
• animal excrement management and deposit regulations are not less rigorous.
• This invention presents a biomass product with a high calorific value that is highly efficient in the contribution to the reduction in greenhouse gases emissions. In practice it allows the substitution of fossil resources with biomass.
• the livestock industry is responsible for the 18 percent of greenhouse gases emissions when measured in CO 2 equivalent. Its involvement is higher than the transport industry.
• the livestock sector is responsible for the 9% of anthropogenic CO 2 emissions. For the most part, these emissions are derived from changes in soil use, specially from the deforestation caused by expansion of grasslands for fodder production. Likewise, livestock is responsible of gases emissions with higher atmosphere heating potential. This sector delivers the 37% of anthropogenic methane (with 23 times the global warming potential (GWP) of CO 2 ) mainly produced by ruminants' enteric fermentation. It emits 65% of the anthropogenic nitrous oxide (with 296 times the GWP of CO 2 ), mostly through manure. Livestock is also responsible for two thirds (64%) of the anthropogenic ammonia emissions that contribute significantly to acid rain and ecosystem acidification.
• GWP global warming potential
• Livestock industry is a key factor in the increase of water usage because it is responsible for 8% of global water consumption, mostly for watering of fodder crops (FAO Livestock's Longshadow environmental issues and options 2009).
• livestock industry is probably the most important source for water contamination and is a big contributor to eutrophication, to “dead” zones in coastal areas, to the degradation of coral reefs, to the increase in health problems for humans, to antibiotics resistance and to many other problems.
• the main contamination sources come from animal waste, antibiotics and hormones, chemical products used in tanneries, fertilizers and pesticides for fodder crops and sediments from eroded pastures.
• This invention partly alleviates the effect that livestock has on water contamination. (FAO Livestock's Longshadow environmental issues and options 2009)
• manure and slurry usually correspond to a mixture of animal stool with urine and eventually bedding, understanding the last one as a place for animal rest and feeding.
• excrement In addition to containing stool and urine, excrement might be composed by other elements such as the ones in bedding, usually straw, and sawdust, wood shavings, chemicals, sand, leftovers from livestock food and water.
• excrement is a source of nutritional components for plants (N, P, K).
• Nutrient and mineral amount contained in excrement depends on various factors, being prominent among them: type of livestock, livestock feeding (directly linked with animal destination) and environmental conditions.
• Lignocellulose is a complex material that constitutes the main structure for plant cell walls and is mostly constituted by cellulose (40-50%), hemicellulose (25-30%) and lignin (15-20%).
• Cellulose is a homogeneous linear polymer constituted by 7.000 to 15.000 glucose units linked with glycosidic bonds stabilized by hydrogen bonds.
• Hemicellulose is a ramified or lineal heteropolymer constituted by 200-400 units of various pentoses, hexoses and uronic acids with an amorphous structure.
• Lignin is an amorphous reticulated polymer with three units of p-coumaroyl phenylpropane, coniferyl and alcohol.
• Cow manure is commonly found in agricultural waste, available at very low cost. It has been studied that the product obtained from this manure treatment can be used without previous treatment as fuel or raw material for fuel.
• a method for separation has been described by means of a coagulation-flocculation process, whose separation protocol consists in taking raw excrement stored at 4° C. and sift it through a 1 mm mesh, then subject it to a coagulation-flocculation process according the following conditions and stages: (1) for the coagulation process, a coagulation solution is added and mixed for 2 minutes at 175 rpm; (2) for flocculation, a polyacrylamide solution is added and mixed for 13 minutes at 50 rpm; (3) for solids formation, a waiting time is needed: 2 hours when supernatant was removed, or 5 minutes when a press filter is used to separate the solid fraction (Characterization of solid and liquid fractions of dairy manure with regard to their component distribution and methane production J. L. Rico, H. Garcia, C. Rico, I. Tejero Bioresource Technology 98(2007) 971-979).
• methane a gas used as fuel.
• This component's yield and quality has been studied when obtained from excrement, showing its results according to the volatile solids (VS) parameter (Methane productivity of manure, straw and solid fractions of manure H. B. Moller, S. G. Sommer, B. K. Ahring, Biomass and Bioenergy 26 (2004) 485-495)
• VS volatile solids
• the U.S. Pat. No. 4,018,899 A document discloses a process for food products extraction out of animal excrement which involves: forming an excrement water in a pit and letting said suspension to ferment; then separating said suspension in solid and liquid fractions, where the solid fraction comprises a silage component such as undigested fibers and grain; where the liquid fraction comprises protein-rich nutrients and dense relatively non digestible mineral materials and fiber particles, and finally separating said components and then processing the liquid fraction for its use as a dietary supplement that contains relatively low quantities of non-digestible minerals such as lignin, hemicellulose and fiber particles.
• the WO 2015086869 A1 document discloses a procedure that comprises: (a) solid/liquid physical separation in a manure-containing liquid effluent (b) physicochemical separation of the liquid fraction obtained on (a) stage to obtain a solid and a liquid fraction (c) electrocoagulation of the liquid fraction obtained on the (b) stage to obtain a solid and a liquid fraction; and (d) pelleting of the solid fractions obtained on the (a), (b) and (c) stages in presence of chemical materials or lignocelluloses.
• this document indicates that the solid agglomerate obtained on the pelleting process, offering high calorific value in combustion, and the resulting liquid has a very low nitrogenated compounds content.
• the ES 2171111 A1 document presents a procedure and a treatment plant for slurry that comprises: (i) performing a physicochemical treatment on the liquid phase of slurries to reduce ammonia emission from said slurries during the evaporation stage, through stripping or fixation by acidification; (ii) subjecting the liquid stream obtained in the (i) stage to vacuum evaporation until collection of a solid concentrate that contains 20 to 30% solid weight; and (iii) drying the solid concentrate from the (ii) stage until a product with 12% maximum moisture is obtained, useful as organic compost, or when enriched with a fertilizer ammonia salt.
• the produced sludge is sent to the press-filter, from which then they are mixed with the solids obtained on the storage container, meanwhile the liquid matter is sent to an electrocoagulation unit for separation of floating sludges from the precipitated sludges and clarified water is sent to a deposit.
• Floating sludges are transferred by decantation to the press filter, whilst precipitated sludges are purged and the treated water is sent to a process where caustic soda is added to it to raise its pH and send it to an electrooxidation stage.
• WO 2009108761 A1 and U.S. Pat. No. 6,149,694 A documents procedures to produce fuel from organic waste are disclosed.
• the WO2009108761 A1 document discloses a procedure to produce fuel from liquid hydrocarbons from organic waste materials. The procedure consists in preparing a suspension from waste materials to make a stream, the stream volume is accumulated in a container with agitation. Subsequently, the stream is heated to approximately 60-700° C. and is subjected to a 20-600 psi pressure to decompose solid organic materials and inorganic materials separately.
• U.S. Pat. No. 6,149,694 A document introduces a procedure to make fuel from livestock residues that comprises: (i) make a mixture that has a number of solid components derived from livestock residues and a second waste product different from livestock residues, where solid components have a moisture content before said formation stage, and where the formed mix has a lower moisture content that the solid content, and (b) forming the resulting mixture from stage (a) into a self-sustaining body that has a density near 20-40 pounds/feet3 approximately.
• the CA 2670530 C, DE 102010019321 A1 and US 20150004654 documents present procedures for mechanic separation of liquid and solid components from excrement used as raw material to produce combustible pellet.
• the CA 2670530 C document discloses that said pellet has approximately 25-75% of cellulosic materials (cellulose, lignin and hemi-cellulose); and approximately between 14-75% in waxed cellulosic material, that corresponds to lignocellulose to which a coat of wax was added.
• the present invention corresponds to a calorific energy product free from contaminants and odor. This being a combustible product with high calorific value, but deriving from the animal waste known as slurry.
• the present invention corresponds to a method and, in turn, the obtained product from this method, for the treatment of manure that allows collection of the largest quantity of lignin as raw material and/or fuel.
• the procedure uses organic waste from livestock, which consists on stool and urine and/or slurry.
• This invention corresponds to a method for treatment of excrement that leads to obtaining a high quality combustible product that can efficiently substitute firewood and coal, in boilers be they from housing or industrial use.
• quality is meant a high efficiency standard, by means of higher quantity of kilocalories, a lesser emission of toxic gases, a lesser production of ash as combustion waste, like having an ammonia production process in harmony with current environmental standards, such as environmental care, helping to decrease environmental contamination, decrease gases emissions, improving the sanitary status of livestock enterprises, and recycling the liquids and solids involved in the process, reusing them efficiently.
• Said combustible product of the present invention is obtained through treatment of slurry or excrement for the collection of lignin as raw material and/or fuel.
• Basin is defined as the pool where stool and urine from livestock arrive. Likewise, it can be composed by other elements, such as those present in livestock bedding (straw and sawdust), wood shavings, chemicals, sand, cattle food leftovers, and water, among many others.
• the process can be done through three alternative pathways of the system supply.
• step 1 (A) Material emerging from the basin arrives to a conveyor screw that, with a liquid filtering, that optionally can be prewashed through water from step 30 , is inserted through the upper part of the screw.
• a liquid filtering that optionally can be prewashed through water from step 30
• it can, through step 6 , enter a mill and then go directly to step 10 where it enters the Physical and/or Chemical Washing Tank.
• step 7 the material arrives directly to said tank.
• the Basing Pump takes slurry and drives it through a hose taking them to step 3 , that is a traditional separator of liquids and solids, is supplied by water through step 29 .
• Separated material by the Liquids and Solids Separator can be directed through two independent flows, these are step 4 and step 5 .
• Step 4 consists on taking the treated material in the separator and deposit it directly to the Physical and/or Chemical Washing Tank.
• step 5 can be used, taking it to the Mincer Mill that, in turn, through step 10 , gets to the Physical and/or Chemical Washing Tank.
• the third alternative of system supply (C) uses the Stack of Slurries, that corresponds to the one formed by the waste from the liquid and solid separators from basins and/or biogas plants or duff accumulation optionally going through step 8 to milling to step 10 to the Physical and/or Chemical Washing Tank, or through step 9 directly to the Physical and/or Chemical Washing Tank.
• any of the used alternatives allows to take the material to a washing tank.
• the Physical and/or Chemical Washing Tank works through rotatory movements and/or ultrasound and carry by water where all interior and exterior contaminants that come with contaminated fiber are detached.
• coagulating agents or detergents can be added through step 11 and/or add a decanter and/or flocculants through step 12 .
• Inside de Physical and/or Chemical Washing Tank there's a continuous clean water flow that enters through the steps 13 upper entry, and step 27 lower entry, that come from the liquid driving pump that is supplied with step 26 , coming in turn from the Purifier and Accumulator Tank, that is supplied through step 28 , and through step 15 .
• the Washing Water Purifying and Accumulation Tank generates a flow that is represented by step 24 and that supplies the Biological Materials and Inert Impurities Concentration Tank, that are treated to make them into compost. Likewise, said Biological Materials and Inert Impurities Concentration Tank is supplied directly by the Physical and/or Chemical Washing Tank through step 14 .
• wash material is expelled from the washing tank through step 16 where it arrives to a New Liquid and Solid Separator Tank that has a magnetic plate, that retains ferrous elements and these are eliminated through step 23 where organic and inorganic materials go, and these are placed in the Biological Materials and Inert Impurities Concentration Tank.
• water coming from the New Liquid and Solid Separator Tank enters the Washing Water Purifying and Accumulation Tank through step 25 , at the same time fresh water enters by spraying the system doing the work of final rising of material, that enters through step 15 .
• step 17 Finished material is transported through step 17 to the pressing or centrifugation section, which removes excess water from the material, that, subsequently, is carried through step 18 that consists on a dryer, that is supplied by hot air through step 21 that in turn is supplied by the Boiler, where why the material above, via step 19 , to the Mincer with Magnetic Separator. Residual water from the Press process for water removal from lignin is sent to the Washing Water Purifying and Accumulation Tank through step 22 .
• step 18 this stage of the process can be done directly via step 31 , which also feeds the Mincer with Magnetic Separator.
• Material that is being worked on inside the Mincer with Magnetic Separator can be enriched through step 33 , that adds scents or some chemical that provides extra properties not belonging to the material.
• Material that has been processed is incorporated to the Pelleting process through step 20 .
• step 32 lignin pellets or briquettes are obtained.
• This invention in addition to cleaning fiber from all kinds of impurities on the outside, is also capable of cleaning fiber from the inside which is full of bacteria, enzymes, gastric juices that are the responsible from dissolving cellulose and hemicellulose to transform them into sugars, but when exiting the animal these stay inside fiber as contaminant materials and when burned these release odor and noxious gases to health.
• Quantitative determination of the components from samples in LIW of treatment of slurry for lignin collection as raw material and/or fuel and other chemical compounds was done with the objective of characterizing the sample before the process, with the objective of knowing the original compounds of the sample before the process and final compounds after the process.
• Nitrate and nitrite determination was done through the SM-4110B methodology “Standard Methods for the examination of Water and Wastewater, 22 th Edition 2012.”
• the 4110B standard method corresponds to an ion chromatography with chemical suspension of eluent conductivity.
• This technique consists in taking a water sample that is injected into an eluent current that goes through a series of ionic exchangers. Relevant anions are separated according their relative affinities to a low capacity, the anion exchanger is strongly alkaline. Separated anions are directed through a suppressor device that provides the continuous suppression to the eluent conductivity and improves its response. The anion separator suppressor changes into its highly conductive acid form, while eluent conductivity is largely reduced. Separated anions on their acid form are measured by conductivity, which are identified on the basis of retention time in comparison with standards.
• SM-4500NA methodology For total Nitrogen quantification the SM-4500NA methodology was used that corresponds to the total amount of Nitrate, Nitrile and Kjeldahl nitrogen expressed in mg/L N.
• the 5310C standard methodology corresponds to determination of metals in water by plasma emission spectroscopy, starting with a sample preparation, to each analytical line a detection limit, precision, background optimal positions, lineal dynamic range and interference are established. Instrument configuration reproducibility and operation conditions are verified by using an emission-atom-ion intensity relation. The instrument is heated during 30 minutes. Optical alignment for polychromes is performed. Spectrometer entry slit and plasma torch alignment are checked. Then aspirates for less than 15 seconds after reaching plasma before starting with signal integration. To eliminate dragging of the previous standard, it is rinsed for 60 seconds with a calibration blank. The sample analysis is carried on calibrating with the calibrating blank. It is rinsed for 60 seconds with diluted acid in between samples and blank spaces.
• a sample is put in a nebulizer chamber, injecting plasma.
• the sample is subjected to temperatures between 6000 and 8000K.
• Resulting high atom percentage ionization produces an ionic emission spectrum, which are analyzed through a monochromator to examine emission wavelengths sequentially, or through a polychromator that simultaneously supervises all wavelengths using a reading system controlled by a computer.
• Sequential approach provides a greater wavelength selection, while simultaneous approach can provide a higher simple yield.
• the standard 5310 methodology corresponds to a persulfate-UV method or a persulfate oxidation by heat.
• Using a total organic carbon analyzer Organic carbon is oxidized to CO 2 by persulfate in presence of heat or UV light.
• Produced CO 2 can be purged from the sample, is dried and transformed with a gas carried to a non-dispersive infrared analyzer, or be titrated by colorimetric analysis, or be separated from the liquid current through a membrane that allows specific passage of CO 2 to high purity water where a change in conductivity is measured and compared with CO 2 passing through the membrane.
• Standard 2540E method can be used for fixed and volatile solids determination when ignited at 550° C.
• the residue that is ignited is obtained from solid matter in suspension in water, Surface water, salt water, as well as domestic waste water and international drinking water using standard methods B, C or D.
• the residue is ignited up until a constant weight at 550° C. Remaining solids represent the established dissolved total or solids in suspension, while lost weight represents volatile solids.
• the EPA-6010C methodology uses the ICP-AES technique in other words inducible coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy.
• This method describes multi-elemental determinations via sequential or simultaneous optic systems and axial or radial view of plasma.
• the instrument measures emission spectrum characteristics through optic spectrometry.
• the sample is nebulized and the resulting spray is transported to the plasma torch.
• Emission spectra are specific elements produced by an inducible coupled plasma radiofrequency. Spectra are dispersed through a mesh spectrometer, and the emission lines intensities are controlled by photosensitive devices.
• Moisture percentage, total fixed solids and total volatile solids were determined through the SM-2540B methodology according to the Rules for management of sludges originated from waste water treatment plants according to DS 4. (Supreme decret 4, http://www.sinia.cl/1292/articles-45936_DS4_92.pdf).
• This 2540 B standard method is applicable in drinking, surface, sea, ground, domestic and industrial waste water, in ranges up to 20000 mg/L.
• the well mixed sample is evaporated in a capsule dried to a constant weight in a stove at 103-105° C.; the increase in the capsule's weight represents total solids.
• the temperature at which the residue is dried is important and interferes in the results, due to the weight loss caused by volatilization of organic matter, occluded mechanic water, water from crystallization and thermoinduced decomposition gases, as the weight gain due to oxidation, depends on temperature and warm-up time.
• Results for the obtained laboratory tests for this final product following the steps of this invention, and that are shown on table 11 show that its degree of moisture is substantially lower than those observed on traditional firewood. Likewise, released particulate levels after combustion show better levels tan firewood or coal. Finally, this product's kilocalories are higher than those in firewood and coal.
• Example 4 Quantitative and Qualitative Differences Between the Herewith Presented Invention Versus Traditional Burning of Duff on its Different Forms (Duff Pellets, Briquettes, or Natural Duff)
• the product obtained from the herewith presented invention is superior in kilocalories both in high calorific value and low calorific value levels, with 16% higher of kilocalories.
• a reduction in chlorine levels is observed from 3445 particles (Duff) per million to 100 particles per million (presented Invention). (Results were obtained from the laboratory tests that are presented in “Laboratory Tests” Appendix, See Table 16 Results)
• Comparative analysis exhibits other benefits (See Table 16), among those that stand out are heavy metal elimination like copper, vanadium, and zinc, which are present in Duff samples and Product with Solid-Liquid Separation.
• FIG. 1 Block diagram of slurry treatment for lignin collection as raw material and/or fuel and other chemicals. Operations are shown in blocks, flow lines or currents are presented with arrows that indicate flow direction, besides they are represented with numbers.

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