US20190076969A1 - Friction stir welding flash and burr control - Google Patents
Friction stir welding flash and burr control Download PDFInfo
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- US20190076969A1 US20190076969A1 US15/700,281 US201715700281A US2019076969A1 US 20190076969 A1 US20190076969 A1 US 20190076969A1 US 201715700281 A US201715700281 A US 201715700281A US 2019076969 A1 US2019076969 A1 US 2019076969A1
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K37/00—Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups
- B23K37/08—Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups for flash removal
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
- B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
- B23K20/1225—Particular aspects of welding with a non-consumable tool
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
- B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
- B23K20/1245—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding characterised by the apparatus
- B23K20/1255—Tools therefor, e.g. characterised by the shape of the probe
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
- B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
- B23K20/1245—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding characterised by the apparatus
- B23K20/126—Workpiece support, i.e. backing or clamping
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
- B23K20/129—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding specially adapted for particular articles or workpieces
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/22—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating taking account of the properties of the materials to be welded
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/22—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating taking account of the properties of the materials to be welded
- B23K20/233—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating taking account of the properties of the materials to be welded without ferrous layer
- B23K20/2336—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating taking account of the properties of the materials to be welded without ferrous layer both layers being aluminium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
- B23K2101/04—Tubular or hollow articles
- B23K2101/12—Vessels
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
- B23K2101/18—Sheet panels
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
- B23K2101/24—Frameworks
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
- B23K2101/36—Electric or electronic devices
Definitions
- Friction stir welding is a relatively new technology that has been developed for joining metals, alloys, and other solid weldable materials.
- One challenge when performing friction stir welding is dealing with the surface burr that is present after the welding has been performed.
- the surface burr is typically formed on the surface of the welded material adjacent to the weld bead.
- the surface burr can be sharp and may be a safety concern when handling welded components.
- the surface burr may be removed, such as by using a cutter during welding or via post-welding machining
- the conventional techniques can increase manufacturing cost, complexity of production setup, and may introduce particulates to the welded components and/or the manufacturing environment, which may not be tolerable in some cases, such as in cleanroom environments, or in cases in which the welding is performed in the presence of sensitive components, such as electronics.
- Some implementations include arrangements and techniques for friction stir welding a first workpiece to a second workpiece.
- the first workpiece may be secured adjacent to the second workpiece.
- At least one of the first workpiece or the second workpiece includes a channel or a portion of a channel in a respective surface such that a complete channel is presented when the first workpiece and the second workpiece are secured adjacent to each other.
- a rotating tip of a welding tool is inserted into the complete channel for welding the first workpiece to the second workpiece.
- a surface burr resulting from the welding is located within the complete channel following the welding.
- FIGS. 1A-1C illustrate a cross-sectional view of workpieces configured for a friction stir welding process according to some implementations.
- FIGS. 2A-2C illustrate a cross-sectional view and a top view of a container configured for being welded according to some implementations.
- FIGS. 3A-3B illustrate a cross-sectional view of an example cover and housing joint of the container of FIGS. 2A-2C according to some implementations.
- FIGS. 4A-4B illustrate a cross-sectional view of an example cover and housing joint of the container of FIGS. 2A-2C according to some implementations.
- FIGS. 5A-5B illustrate cross-sectional views of workpieces configured for a friction stir welding process according to some implementations.
- FIGS. 6A-6C illustrate an example friction stir welding tool including a burr control device according to some implementations.
- FIGS. 7A-7C illustrate an example friction stir welding tool including a burr control device according to some implementations.
- FIGS. 8A-8B illustrate an example friction stir welding tool including a burr control device according to some implementations.
- FIGS. 9A-9B illustrate an example friction stir welding tool including a burr control device according to some implementations.
- FIGS. 10A-10B illustrate an example friction stir welding tool including a burr control device according to some implementations.
- FIGS. 11A-11C illustrate a cross-sectional view of workpieces configured for a friction stir welding process according to some implementations.
- FIG. 12 is a flow diagram illustrating an example process for friction stir welding according to some implementations.
- an open channel e.g., having a generally U-shaped cross-section may be formed at a location of the workpieces where the welding is to be performed. For instance, one-half of the open channel may be formed in each half of each workpiece at the joint of the two workpieces where the weld will be formed. As another example, such as in the case of spot welding or lap welding, the channel may be formed in a surface of one of the workpieces at the location of the weld.
- the channel in the case of friction stir processing, may be formed in a workpiece at a location intended for the stir processing.
- the channel may be formed to have a depth that is deeper than an expected height of the surface burr.
- the channel or channel portion may be formed in advance when each workpiece is originally made through conventional manufacturing processes, such as by stamping, casting, etching, or machining.
- the workpieces to be joined may be secured or otherwise positioned in contact and adjacent to each other along a seam that will form the weld joint.
- the friction stir weld joint may be made along the bottom surface of the channel, e.g., following the seam between the two work pieces.
- the width of the channel may be sized so that the surface burr touches or is near to the sidewalls of the channel following formation of the weld.
- additional control to the surface burr may be performed by blunting or otherwise smoothing the surface burr using an added rotating or non-rotating component mounted on the friction stir welding tool. Accordingly, some implementations are able to control the location of the surface burr in a manufacturing-environment-friendly manner, while rendering the surface burr hazard-free for handling of the welded components such as during transportation or installation.
- some examples herein relate to friction stir welding of an electronic container having a housing and a cover.
- an enclosure or other container for electronic components may have a cover that is welded to a housing of the container during assembly of the electronic components in a cleanroom or other low particulate manufacturing environment.
- Implementations herein enable the friction stir welding to be performed without contaminating the manufacturing environment and without requiring subsequent machining of the electronic component container following welding. Accordingly, some implementations herein may be used for friction stir welding of small-sized components or structures and/or parts that are sensitive to the presence of metal chips or other metal particulates.
- Some examples herein enable the creation of friction stir welds while leaving the surface burr in place following the welding procedure. These examples enable the welded component to be safely handled by a person without having to worry about injury from the surface burr even though the surface burr remains in place. Accordingly, in the examples herein, the surface burr is not cut off or machined away, and therefore examples herein may reduce manufacturing costs and reduce the likelihood of creating contaminants in a manufacturing environment.
- the channel welding concept for surface burr treatment herein may be applied in other applications, such as any friction stir welding application, as well as to variations of friction stir welding including, but not limited to, friction stir processing, friction stir spot welding, friction stir spot joining, friction bit joining, and the like, which may also generate a surface burr (also sometimes referred to as “flash”).
- a surface burr may occur surrounding a spot weld rather than along a weld bead.
- a round socket may be formed on one of the workpieces on the side where the welding tool will enter the material.
- a channel may be formed along the line.
- three or more workpieces may be welded together using the techniques described herein. Consequently, implementations herein are not limited to joining only two workpieces. Numerous other variations will be apparent to those of skill in the art having the benefit of the disclosure herein.
- FIGS. 1A-1C illustrate a cross-sectional view of workpieces configured for a friction stir welding process according to some implementations.
- the friction stir welding herein generally involves placing a first workpiece 102 adjacent to a second workpiece 104 so that there is a seam 106 between the first workpiece 102 and the second workpiece 104 .
- the first workpiece 102 and the second workpiece 104 may be clamped or otherwise secured in relation to each other, and are then adjoined by welding to each other using a welding tool 108 .
- the welding tool 108 may include a tool body 110 , with a tool shoulder 112 and a central tool tip 114 .
- the welding tool 108 is rotated around a tool axis corresponding to a centerline 116 , as indicated by arrow 118 .
- the tool axis may align with the seam 106 during the stir welding process, while in other cases, the tool axis may be offset slightly from the seam 106 during the stir welding process.
- the tool tip 114 is inserted into the material of the workpieces 102 and 104 at the seam 106 , as illustrated at FIG. 1B .
- the rotation of the tool tip 114 in the material of the workpieces 102 and 104 causes the material of the workpieces 102 and 104 to heat and mix together and thereby join together the two workpieces 102 and 104 , as indicated at FIG. 1C .
- the frictional heat generated by the tool tip 114 and tool shoulder 112 creates a solid bonding between the workpieces 102 and 104 in the form of a weld joint 120 .
- the tool tip 114 may be moved or otherwise traversed along the seam 106 to join the two workpieces 102 and 104 and form the weld joint 120 .
- a surface burr 122 may typically be generated adjacent to, and on either side of, the weld joint 120 as softened material is extruded outward when the welding tool 108 is inserted into and traverses along the seam 106 .
- the surface burr 122 is removed, such as by grinding after welding, due to safety concerns (e.g., to avoid cutting or snagging due to sharp edges of the surface burr 122 ) or to meet surface appearance requirements.
- a surface burr may be sharp in nature, which creates challenges to personnel handling the welded parts. Cutting of the surface burr during the welding process or post-welding machining may not only introduce additional cycle time or cost to the manufacturing process, but also may create challenges for clean room operations, such as in the case of electronic components that are sensitive to the metal chips, metal dust, or other metal particulates.
- a channel 124 may be formed in the workpieces 102 and 104 at the location of the seam 106 .
- a first channel portion 125 may be formed in an upper surface 126 of the first workpiece 102 and a second channel portion 127 of the channel 124 may be formed in an upper surface 128 of the second workpiece 104 .
- the first channel portion 125 and the second channel portion 127 combine to present a complete channel 124 that includes a pair of sidewalls 130 and a bottom surface 132 .
- the channel 124 (i.e., the channel portions 125 and 127 in this example) may be formed using any suitable manufacturing technique such as stamping, casting, machining, etching, or the like. Such mechanical forming processes may be performed during the same manufacturing process that is used to form the workpieces 102 and 104 .
- the stamp may be initially created to also create the respective channel portion for that workpiece 102 or 104 .
- the flat sheet may be just as easily stamped with the channel portion formed along the edge of the sheet during a single stamping manufacturing step.
- the channel portion may be easily made by casting, or the like.
- the complete channel 124 may have a width W and a depth D that are selected based on the expected breadth B and height H, respectively, of the surface burr 122 .
- the depth D of the channel 124 may be greater than the expected height H of the surface burr 122 .
- the width W of the channel may be greater than or equal to the expected overall breadth B of the surface burr 122 including the weld joint 120 .
- the width W of the channel 124 is also sufficiently wide to accommodate the shoulder 112 of the welding tool 108 , but not so wide that a person would be able to insert a finger between the surface burr 122 and a side wall 130 of the channel 124 .
- a desired distance between the surface burr 122 and the sidewall 130 maybe to be between 0 and 1 ⁇ 4 inch.
- the surface burr 122 created adjacent to the weld joint 120 is contained in the channel 124 following completion of the welding process.
- FIGS. 2A-2C illustrate a cross-sectional and top view of a container 200 configured for assembly using friction stir welding according to some implementations.
- FIG. 2A illustrates a cross-sectional view of two workpieces for joining by friction stir welding, including a housing 202 and a cover 204 of the container 200 .
- the techniques herein enable the container 200 to be assembled and sealed by welding in a cleanroom or other low-particulate manufacturing environment, although implementations herein are not limited to use in any particular manufacturing environment.
- the housing 202 and cover 204 may be made of stamped or cast aluminum alloys or other weldable material, and each of the housing 202 and cover 204 may include a portion of a complete channel 206 , which may correspond to the channel 124 discussed above with respect to FIGS. 1A-1C .
- Electronic components (not shown in FIGS. 2A-2C ) may be placed in the housing 202 and the cover 204 may then be placed on the housing 202 so that the edges of the respective channel portions are abutting to form a seam 208 , which may correspond to the seam 106 discussed above.
- the cover 204 may be mechanically clamped to the housing 202 , or otherwise secured with respect to the housing 202 , for performing the friction stir welding process.
- FIG. 2B illustrates a reduced-size top view of the container 200 , as viewed along line 2 B- 2 B of FIG. 2A , showing the cover 204 installed on the housing 202 prior to performing the welding process.
- the channel 206 may extend around the entire perimeter of the cover 204 to enable the cover 204 to be welded to the housing 202 for hermetically sealing the interior of the housing 202 .
- Various different locations and configurations of the channel 206 may be employed to optimize the design of the container 200 , such as for reducing the overall weight of the container, simplifying the production setup, or the like.
- FIGS. 3A-3B and 4A-4B Several additional examples of channel locations and configurations are discussed below with respect to FIGS. 3A-3B and 4A-4B .
- the cover 204 may be welded to the housing 202 to form the sealed container 200 with the electronic components hermetically sealed therein.
- FIG. 2C illustrates that a weld joint 210 and a surface burr 212 are maintained within the channel 206 following completion of the welding process.
- the friction stir welding process described herein simplifies the manufacturing process by removing the need to perform machining of the surface burr, reduces the overall cost, and eliminates the potential impact of machined chips, dust, or other particulates on the manufacturing environment and or the electronic components contained in the container 200 .
- FIGS. 3A-3B illustrate an enlarged cross-sectional view of an example cover and housing joint for the container 200 of FIG. 2 according to some implementations.
- FIGS. 3A-3B show one possible alternative location and configuration of the channel 206 .
- the channel 206 is located on an underside of the cover 204 , which abuts to a lip 302 of the housing 202 .
- placing the channel 206 under the cover 204 may provide benefits in addition to the surface burr control discussed above.
- the friction stir welding may be performed either by turning the container 200 upside down or reversing the direction at which the welding tool engages the seam 208 to form the weld joint 210 , with the surface burr 212 maintained within an outer edge 304 of the channel 206 .
- a benefit of the configuration of FIGS. 3A and 3B includes more limited accessibility and visibility of the weld joint 210 and the surface burr 212 .
- Another benefit includes reduced dependence on a wall 306 of the housing 202 to support the container from collapse during friction stir welding. Accordingly, because the welding may be performed with the cover 204 and the housing 202 upside down, the thickness of the wall 306 of the housing 202 may be significantly reduced, in turn reducing the weight of the container 200 , and the overall weight of the ECU or other electrical component contained by the container 200 .
- the configuration of FIGS. 3A-3B simplifies the clamping and fixturing required during welding, as in many cases, the cover 204 is flat but the underside of the housing 202 may not be.
- the channel 206 may be formed either by creating the channel in one workpiece 202 or 204 and lap welding the two workpieces (as discussed additionally below with respect to FIGS. 11A-11C ), or by creating a half channel in each of the two workpieces 202 and 204 , and butt welding the two workpieces 202 and 204 , as illustrated in this example.
- FIGS. 4A-4B illustrate an enlarged cross-sectional view of an example cover and housing joint for the container 200 of FIG. 2 according to some implementations.
- the channel 206 is formed around the outside surface 402 of the wall 306 of the housing 202 and an outer edge 404 of the cover 204 .
- a protrusion 406 may be formed on the outside surface 402 of the wall 306 , for forming one sidewall of the channel 206
- a lip 408 may be formed on the perimeter of the cover 204 for forming the other sidewall of the channel 206 .
- FIG. 4A-4B illustrate an enlarged cross-sectional view of an example cover and housing joint for the container 200 of FIG. 2 according to some implementations.
- the channel 206 is formed around the outside surface 402 of the wall 306 of the housing 202 and an outer edge 404 of the cover 204 .
- a protrusion 406 may be formed on the outside surface 402 of the wall 306 , for forming one sidewall of the channel 206
- FIGS. 5A-5B illustrate cross-sectional views of workpieces configured for a friction stir welding process according to some implementations.
- the thicknesses of various portions of a first workpiece 502 and a second workpiece 504 to be welded together at a seam 505 may be different at different locations in the workpieces 502 and 504 .
- a thickness T 1 of a first portion 506 of the first workpiece may be thicker than, the same thickness as, or less thick than a thickness T 2 of a second portion 508 of the first workpiece 502
- thickness of the second workpiece 504 may be similarly or differently varied.
- a thickness T 3 of the second workpiece 504 may be same as, or different from, the thickness T 1 of the first workpiece 502 , such as at the seam 505 , without affecting the integrity of the weld.
- a complete channel 510 may be formed from two opposed channel portions formed in the two workpieces 502 and 504 that is deeper than a height of a surface burr 512 .
- the height and width of the channel 510 and/or the shape of the channel may be optimized in such a way that the surface burr 512 remains below the top surface, while the weld has the same strength or sealing requirement as those made without creating such a channel 510 .
- the axis of rotation of tool 108 is parallel to the walls 514 of the channel 510 , while the thickness T 1 , T 2 , etc.
- the depth of the channel 510 may be optimized, so the surface burr 512 remains below an upper surface 515 of each workpiece 502 , 504 .
- FIG. 5B illustrates a first workpiece 516 and a second workpiece 518 together forming a complete channel 520 .
- the walls 522 of the channel 520 are slanted inward toward an opening 524 of the channel 520 .
- the upper portion of the channel 520 at the opening 524 has a width W 1 that is smaller than a width W 2 at a bottom 526 of the channel 520 .
- the surface burr 528 may be deviated downwards by the slant if the surface burr 528 contacts the inner wall 522 and be more securely retained inside of the channel 520 by the slanted inner wall 522 .
- the reduced size of channel opening 524 may further reduce the possibility of exposing the surface burr 528 , such as to a finger or other body part of a person handling the welded work pieces 516 and 518 following welding.
- FIGS. 6A-6C illustrate an example friction stir welding tool for use with a process herein according to some implementations.
- the welding tool 108 may have a burr control device 600 that may be attached to, or which may be formed integral with, the welding tool 108 .
- the burr control device 600 may assist in keeping the height H of the surface burr 122 below an upper edge 602 of the sidewall 130 of the channel 124 .
- the burr control device 600 may be a cylindrical member affixed to the welding tool 108 , such as with setscrews, a clamp, or other fastening elements (not shown in FIG. 6A ).
- the burr control device 600 may be formed as part of the welding tool 108 , or may be otherwise integral with the welding tool 108 .
- the burr control device 600 may have a diameter X that is greater than the width W of the channel 124 .
- the burr control device 600 includes a lower face 606 that may include a smooth surface and that is located a distance Y from the shoulder 112 of the tool 108 .
- the distance Y may be the same as or slightly greater than the depth D of the channel 124 .
- the burr control device 600 may be made of steel or other hard metal.
- the lower face 606 of the burr control device 600 is sufficiently smooth to only blunt the surface burr 122 while the surface burr 122 is still somewhat plastic, and not grind the surface burr 122 . Therefore, any particles produced by contact with the surface burr 122 are minimized
- the burr control device 600 is attached to, or is integral with, the welding tool 108 and rotates at the same rotation rate as the welding tool 108 . In other examples, as discussed below, e.g., with respect to FIGS.
- the burr control devices may be attached to or integral with a non-rotating part such as a machine head, so that the respective burr control device only moves linearly as the welding tool 108 transverses along the weld seam 106 , but does not rotate with the welding tool 108 .
- the burr control device 600 may be positioned on or slightly above the surfaces 126 and 128 of the workpieces 102 and 104 respectively, as indicated by the clearance 608 .
- the clearance 608 may depend on the size of the channel, size of the weld, material being welded, etc. but as a non-limiting example, the clearance 608 may typically be 2 millimeters or less.
- the burr control device 600 prevents the height H of the surface burr 122 from rising substantially above the edge 602 of the sidewall 130 of the channel 124 .
- the surface burr 122 remains at or below the surfaces 126 and 128 of the workpieces 102 and 104 , respectively.
- FIGS. 7A-7C illustrate an example friction stir welding tool for use with a process herein according to some implementations.
- the burr control device 600 has a diameter X that is less than the width W of the channel 124 . Furthermore, the distance Y between the lower face 606 of the burr control device 600 and the shoulder 112 of the tool 108 is less than the depth D of the channel 124 .
- the burr control device 600 is able to fit within the channel 124 with a slight clearance as indicated at 702 . While the size of the clearance at 702 may depend at least in part on the size of the channel and the workpieces being welded, typically the clearance may be two millimeters or less. Accordingly, in this example, as indicated at FIG. 7C , the burr control device 600 maintains a height H of the surface burr 122 at or below the surfaces 126 and 128 of the workpieces 102 and 104 respectively.
- the burr control device 600 may be mounted on the welding tool 108 using setscrews, a clamp, or the like. Therefore, the burr control device 600 is movable along the length of the welding tool body 110 to enable adjustment of the distance Y, which enables adjustment to control the height H of the surface burr 122 , such as based on the type of material being welded, the depth D of the channel 124 , or the like. In other examples, however, the burr control device 600 may be formed integrally with the welding tool body 110 and might not be adjustable with regards to distance Y.
- FIGS. 8A-8B illustrate an example friction stir welding tool including a burr control device 800 for use with a process herein according to some implementations.
- FIG. 8A illustrates a cross-sectional view of the burr control device 800 .
- FIG. 8B illustrates a bottom view of the burr control device 800 as viewed along line 8 B- 8 B of FIG. 8A .
- the burr control device 800 includes a cylindrical body 802 supported by one or more springs 802 that urge a lower face 804 of the cylindrical body 802 toward the workpiece (not shown in FIG. 8A ) during welding for maintaining the lower face 804 in contact with one of the surface burr or the surface of the workpiece.
- the springs 802 may connect to a collar 806 .
- the burr control device 800 may rotate with the welding tool 108 . In other examples, the burr control device 800 does not rotate, and the welding tool 108 rotates within the burr control device 800 .
- the diameter X of the cylindrical body 802 is greater than the width of the channel, as discussed above with respect to FIGS. 6A-6C .
- the one or more springs 802 maintain the lower face 804 in contact with the surfaces of the workpieces.
- the diameter X of the cylindrical body 802 is less than the width of the channel, as discussed above with respect to FIGS. 7A-7C , then the one or more springs 802 may maintain the lower face 804 in contact with the surface burr during the welding process.
- the springs 802 provide flexibility to the burr control device 800 to enable the lower face 804 to move up and down by flexing of the springs 802 for blunting or otherwise smoothing the surface burr during welding.
- FIGS. 9A-9B illustrate an example friction stir welding tool including a burr control device 900 for use with a process herein according to some implementations.
- FIG. 9A illustrates a side view of the burr control device 900 .
- FIG. 9B illustrates a bottom view of the burr control device 900 as viewed along line 9 B- 9 B of FIG. 9A .
- the burr control device 900 includes a pair of burr smoothing rods 902 that extend downward from the springs 802 supported by the collar 806 .
- the collar 806 , the springs 802 , and the burr smoothing rods 902 do not rotate with the welding tool 108 .
- the collar 806 may be stationary and the springs 802 serve to urge the burr smoothing rods 902 toward the surface burr during welding.
- the bottom of the burr smoothing rods 902 may include a burr smoothing tip 904 on the outer edges that may blunt or otherwise smooth the surface burr as the surface burr is being generated during the welding process.
- FIGS. 10A-10B illustrate an example friction stir welding tool including a burr control device 1000 for use with a process herein according to some implementations.
- FIG. 10A illustrates a side view of the burr control device 1000 .
- FIG. 10B illustrates a bottom view of the burr control device 1000 as viewed along line 10 B- 10 B of FIG. 10A .
- the burr control device 1000 includes a pair of burr smoothing rods 1002 that extend downward from the springs 802 supported by the collar 806 .
- the collar 806 , the springs 802 , and the burr smoothing rods 1002 do not rotate with the welding tool 108 .
- the collar 806 may be stationary and the springs 802 serve to urge the burr smoothing rods 1002 toward the surface burr during welding.
- the bottom of the burr smoothing rods 1002 may include a burr smoothing tip 1004 that may blunt or otherwise smooth the surface burr as the surface burr is being generated during the welding process.
- the burr smoothing tip 1004 in this example is located toward the center of the rod 1002 , rather than at an outer edge, as in the example of FIG. 9 discussed above.
- FIGS. 11A-11C illustrate a cross-sectional view of workpieces configured for a friction stir welding process according to some implementations.
- a first workpiece 1102 is placed over a second workpiece 1104 so that there is a seam 1106 between the first workpiece 1102 and the second workpiece 1104 .
- a complete channel 1106 is formed in an upper surface 1108 of the first workpiece 1102 and is presented for receiving the welding tool 108 during welding of the first workpiece 1102 to the second workpiece 1104 .
- the welding tool 108 may be used for spot welding or lap welding the first workpiece 1102 to the second workpiece 1104 .
- the channel 1106 may be in the form of a circular socket, rather than a longitudinal channel.
- the tool tip 114 of the welding tool 108 may be inserted into the material of the first workpiece 1102 and the material of the second workpiece 1104 for forming a weld joint 1110 as illustrated at FIG. 11C .
- the surface burr 1112 generated from the welding process is maintained within the channel 1106 , below the surface 1108 of the first workpiece in a manner similar to that discussed above e.g., with respect to FIG. 1 .
- FIG. 12 is a flow diagram illustrating an example process 1200 for friction stir welding while controlling a surface burr according to some implementations.
- the process is illustrated as a collection of blocks in a logical flow diagram, which represent a sequence of operations.
- the order in which the blocks are described should not be construed as a limitation. In some cases, the described blocks can be combined, performed in a different order, and/or performed in parallel to implement the process, or alternative processes, and not all of the blocks need be executed.
- the process is described with reference to the environments and apparatus described in the examples herein, although the process may be implemented in a variety of other environments and apparatuses.
- a first and second workpiece are provided for welding. At least one of the first workpiece or the second workpiece includes a channel or a portion of a channel in a respective surface such that a complete channel is presented when the first workpiece and the second workpiece are placed adjacent to each other.
- the first workpiece is clamped or otherwise secured in relation to the second workpiece to present the complete channel.
- a burr control device may be included on the welding tool.
- a rotating tip of the welding tool is inserted into the complete channel and into material of the first workpiece and the second workpiece for welding the first workpiece to the second workpiece, and the channel is sized so that a surface burr resulting from the welding is located within the complete channel.
- the surface burr is contacted with a face of the burr control device during the welding to at least one of smooth the surface burr or maintain the surface burr within the complete channel.
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Abstract
Description
- Friction stir welding is a relatively new technology that has been developed for joining metals, alloys, and other solid weldable materials. One challenge when performing friction stir welding is dealing with the surface burr that is present after the welding has been performed. The surface burr is typically formed on the surface of the welded material adjacent to the weld bead. The surface burr can be sharp and may be a safety concern when handling welded components. Conventionally, the surface burr may be removed, such as by using a cutter during welding or via post-welding machining The conventional techniques can increase manufacturing cost, complexity of production setup, and may introduce particulates to the welded components and/or the manufacturing environment, which may not be tolerable in some cases, such as in cleanroom environments, or in cases in which the welding is performed in the presence of sensitive components, such as electronics.
- Some implementations include arrangements and techniques for friction stir welding a first workpiece to a second workpiece. For instance, the first workpiece may be secured adjacent to the second workpiece. At least one of the first workpiece or the second workpiece includes a channel or a portion of a channel in a respective surface such that a complete channel is presented when the first workpiece and the second workpiece are secured adjacent to each other. A rotating tip of a welding tool is inserted into the complete channel for welding the first workpiece to the second workpiece. A surface burr resulting from the welding is located within the complete channel following the welding.
- The detailed description is set forth with reference to the accompanying figures. In the figures, the left-most digit(s) of a reference number identifies the figure in which the reference number first appears. The use of the same reference numbers in different figures indicates similar or identical items or features.
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FIGS. 1A-1C illustrate a cross-sectional view of workpieces configured for a friction stir welding process according to some implementations. -
FIGS. 2A-2C illustrate a cross-sectional view and a top view of a container configured for being welded according to some implementations. -
FIGS. 3A-3B illustrate a cross-sectional view of an example cover and housing joint of the container ofFIGS. 2A-2C according to some implementations. -
FIGS. 4A-4B illustrate a cross-sectional view of an example cover and housing joint of the container ofFIGS. 2A-2C according to some implementations. -
FIGS. 5A-5B illustrate cross-sectional views of workpieces configured for a friction stir welding process according to some implementations. -
FIGS. 6A-6C illustrate an example friction stir welding tool including a burr control device according to some implementations. -
FIGS. 7A-7C illustrate an example friction stir welding tool including a burr control device according to some implementations. -
FIGS. 8A-8B illustrate an example friction stir welding tool including a burr control device according to some implementations. -
FIGS. 9A-9B illustrate an example friction stir welding tool including a burr control device according to some implementations. -
FIGS. 10A-10B illustrate an example friction stir welding tool including a burr control device according to some implementations. -
FIGS. 11A-11C illustrate a cross-sectional view of workpieces configured for a friction stir welding process according to some implementations. -
FIG. 12 is a flow diagram illustrating an example process for friction stir welding according to some implementations. - The technology herein includes novel arrangements and techniques for friction stir welding that provide protection from a surface burr without requiring removal of the surface burr. To the contrary, implementations herein may leave the surface burr in place following welding. In some examples, an open channel, e.g., having a generally U-shaped cross-section may be formed at a location of the workpieces where the welding is to be performed. For instance, one-half of the open channel may be formed in each half of each workpiece at the joint of the two workpieces where the weld will be formed. As another example, such as in the case of spot welding or lap welding, the channel may be formed in a surface of one of the workpieces at the location of the weld. As still another example, in the case of friction stir processing, the channel may be formed in a workpiece at a location intended for the stir processing. In any of these examples, the channel may be formed to have a depth that is deeper than an expected height of the surface burr. The channel or channel portion may be formed in advance when each workpiece is originally made through conventional manufacturing processes, such as by stamping, casting, etching, or machining.
- The workpieces to be joined may be secured or otherwise positioned in contact and adjacent to each other along a seam that will form the weld joint. The friction stir weld joint may be made along the bottom surface of the channel, e.g., following the seam between the two work pieces. The width of the channel may be sized so that the surface burr touches or is near to the sidewalls of the channel following formation of the weld. In some examples, if the surface burr is expected to be higher than the sidewall of the channel, additional control to the surface burr may be performed by blunting or otherwise smoothing the surface burr using an added rotating or non-rotating component mounted on the friction stir welding tool. Accordingly, some implementations are able to control the location of the surface burr in a manufacturing-environment-friendly manner, while rendering the surface burr hazard-free for handling of the welded components such as during transportation or installation.
- In addition, some examples herein relate to friction stir welding of an electronic container having a housing and a cover. For example, an enclosure or other container for electronic components may have a cover that is welded to a housing of the container during assembly of the electronic components in a cleanroom or other low particulate manufacturing environment. Implementations herein enable the friction stir welding to be performed without contaminating the manufacturing environment and without requiring subsequent machining of the electronic component container following welding. Accordingly, some implementations herein may be used for friction stir welding of small-sized components or structures and/or parts that are sensitive to the presence of metal chips or other metal particulates.
- Some examples herein enable the creation of friction stir welds while leaving the surface burr in place following the welding procedure. These examples enable the welded component to be safely handled by a person without having to worry about injury from the surface burr even though the surface burr remains in place. Accordingly, in the examples herein, the surface burr is not cut off or machined away, and therefore examples herein may reduce manufacturing costs and reduce the likelihood of creating contaminants in a manufacturing environment.
- For discussion purposes, some example implementations are described in the environment of friction stir welding of components, or the like. However, implementations herein are not limited to the particular examples provided, and may be extended to other manufacturing environments, other applications, and other types of welding, as will be apparent to those of skill in the art in light of the disclosure herein.
- For instance, while some examples are related to welding a container for an electronic control unit (ECU), the channel welding concept for surface burr treatment herein may be applied in other applications, such as any friction stir welding application, as well as to variations of friction stir welding including, but not limited to, friction stir processing, friction stir spot welding, friction stir spot joining, friction bit joining, and the like, which may also generate a surface burr (also sometimes referred to as “flash”). For example, when performing friction stir spot welding, friction stir spot joining, or friction bit joining, a surface burr may occur surrounding a spot weld rather than along a weld bead. Accordingly, in these implementations, rather than forming an open channel in the workpiece(s), a round socket may be formed on one of the workpieces on the side where the welding tool will enter the material. Alternatively, such as in the case of multiple spot welds formed in line, a channel may be formed along the line. Additionally, in some examples, three or more workpieces may be welded together using the techniques described herein. Consequently, implementations herein are not limited to joining only two workpieces. Numerous other variations will be apparent to those of skill in the art having the benefit of the disclosure herein.
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FIGS. 1A-1C illustrate a cross-sectional view of workpieces configured for a friction stir welding process according to some implementations. As shown inFIGS. 1A-1C , the friction stir welding herein generally involves placing afirst workpiece 102 adjacent to asecond workpiece 104 so that there is aseam 106 between thefirst workpiece 102 and thesecond workpiece 104. Thefirst workpiece 102 and thesecond workpiece 104 may be clamped or otherwise secured in relation to each other, and are then adjoined by welding to each other using awelding tool 108. - The
welding tool 108 may include atool body 110, with atool shoulder 112 and acentral tool tip 114. During friction stir welding, thewelding tool 108 is rotated around a tool axis corresponding to acenterline 116, as indicated byarrow 118. In some cases, the tool axis may align with theseam 106 during the stir welding process, while in other cases, the tool axis may be offset slightly from theseam 106 during the stir welding process. In this example, thetool tip 114 is inserted into the material of theworkpieces seam 106, as illustrated atFIG. 1B . The rotation of thetool tip 114 in the material of theworkpieces workpieces workpieces FIG. 1C . The frictional heat generated by thetool tip 114 andtool shoulder 112 creates a solid bonding between theworkpieces - The
tool tip 114 may be moved or otherwise traversed along theseam 106 to join the twoworkpieces tool tip 114 traverses theseam 106, asurface burr 122 may typically be generated adjacent to, and on either side of, the weld joint 120 as softened material is extruded outward when thewelding tool 108 is inserted into and traverses along theseam 106. - Conventionally, the
surface burr 122 is removed, such as by grinding after welding, due to safety concerns (e.g., to avoid cutting or snagging due to sharp edges of the surface burr 122) or to meet surface appearance requirements. For instance, a surface burr may be sharp in nature, which creates challenges to personnel handling the welded parts. Cutting of the surface burr during the welding process or post-welding machining may not only introduce additional cycle time or cost to the manufacturing process, but also may create challenges for clean room operations, such as in the case of electronic components that are sensitive to the metal chips, metal dust, or other metal particulates. - Contrary to conventional treatments for removing the surface burr, implementations herein may preserve, control, and, in some cases, modify the
surface burr 122. In the example ofFIGS. 1A-1C , prior to performing the friction stir welding process, achannel 124 may be formed in theworkpieces seam 106. For example, afirst channel portion 125 may be formed in anupper surface 126 of thefirst workpiece 102 and asecond channel portion 127 of thechannel 124 may be formed in anupper surface 128 of thesecond workpiece 104. Thus, when the twoworkpieces first channel portion 125 and thesecond channel portion 127 combine to present acomplete channel 124 that includes a pair ofsidewalls 130 and abottom surface 132. - The channel 124 (i.e., the
channel portions workpieces workpiece workpiece - The
complete channel 124 may have a width W and a depth D that are selected based on the expected breadth B and height H, respectively, of thesurface burr 122. For example, the depth D of thechannel 124 may be greater than the expected height H of thesurface burr 122. Furthermore, the width W of the channel may be greater than or equal to the expected overall breadth B of thesurface burr 122 including the weld joint 120. However, the width W of thechannel 124 is also sufficiently wide to accommodate theshoulder 112 of thewelding tool 108, but not so wide that a person would be able to insert a finger between thesurface burr 122 and aside wall 130 of thechannel 124. As one example, a desired distance between thesurface burr 122 and thesidewall 130 maybe to be between 0 and ¼ inch. In this example, as illustrated inFIG. 1C , thesurface burr 122 created adjacent to the weld joint 120 is contained in thechannel 124 following completion of the welding process. -
FIGS. 2A-2C illustrate a cross-sectional and top view of acontainer 200 configured for assembly using friction stir welding according to some implementations. In this example,FIG. 2A illustrates a cross-sectional view of two workpieces for joining by friction stir welding, including ahousing 202 and acover 204 of thecontainer 200. The techniques herein enable thecontainer 200 to be assembled and sealed by welding in a cleanroom or other low-particulate manufacturing environment, although implementations herein are not limited to use in any particular manufacturing environment. - As an example, the
housing 202 and cover 204 may be made of stamped or cast aluminum alloys or other weldable material, and each of thehousing 202 and cover 204 may include a portion of acomplete channel 206, which may correspond to thechannel 124 discussed above with respect toFIGS. 1A-1C . Electronic components (not shown inFIGS. 2A-2C ) may be placed in thehousing 202 and thecover 204 may then be placed on thehousing 202 so that the edges of the respective channel portions are abutting to form aseam 208, which may correspond to theseam 106 discussed above. In some examples, thecover 204 may be mechanically clamped to thehousing 202, or otherwise secured with respect to thehousing 202, for performing the friction stir welding process. -
FIG. 2B illustrates a reduced-size top view of thecontainer 200, as viewed alongline 2B-2B ofFIG. 2A , showing thecover 204 installed on thehousing 202 prior to performing the welding process. As illustrated, thechannel 206 may extend around the entire perimeter of thecover 204 to enable thecover 204 to be welded to thehousing 202 for hermetically sealing the interior of thehousing 202. Various different locations and configurations of thechannel 206 may be employed to optimize the design of thecontainer 200, such as for reducing the overall weight of the container, simplifying the production setup, or the like. Several additional examples of channel locations and configurations are discussed below with respect toFIGS. 3A-3B and 4A-4B . - The
cover 204 may be welded to thehousing 202 to form the sealedcontainer 200 with the electronic components hermetically sealed therein.FIG. 2C illustrates that a weld joint 210 and asurface burr 212 are maintained within thechannel 206 following completion of the welding process. The friction stir welding process described herein simplifies the manufacturing process by removing the need to perform machining of the surface burr, reduces the overall cost, and eliminates the potential impact of machined chips, dust, or other particulates on the manufacturing environment and or the electronic components contained in thecontainer 200. -
FIGS. 3A-3B illustrate an enlarged cross-sectional view of an example cover and housing joint for thecontainer 200 ofFIG. 2 according to some implementations.FIGS. 3A-3B show one possible alternative location and configuration of thechannel 206. In this example, thechannel 206 is located on an underside of thecover 204, which abuts to alip 302 of thehousing 202. Compared to placing thechannel 206 on the top surface of thecover 204, placing thechannel 206 under thecover 204 may provide benefits in addition to the surface burr control discussed above. In the example ofFIG. 3A , the friction stir welding may be performed either by turning thecontainer 200 upside down or reversing the direction at which the welding tool engages theseam 208 to form the weld joint 210, with thesurface burr 212 maintained within anouter edge 304 of thechannel 206. - A benefit of the configuration of
FIGS. 3A and 3B includes more limited accessibility and visibility of the weld joint 210 and thesurface burr 212. Another benefit includes reduced dependence on awall 306 of thehousing 202 to support the container from collapse during friction stir welding. Accordingly, because the welding may be performed with thecover 204 and thehousing 202 upside down, the thickness of thewall 306 of thehousing 202 may be significantly reduced, in turn reducing the weight of thecontainer 200, and the overall weight of the ECU or other electrical component contained by thecontainer 200. Thus, the configuration ofFIGS. 3A-3B simplifies the clamping and fixturing required during welding, as in many cases, thecover 204 is flat but the underside of thehousing 202 may not be. Thechannel 206 may be formed either by creating the channel in oneworkpiece FIGS. 11A-11C ), or by creating a half channel in each of the twoworkpieces workpieces -
FIGS. 4A-4B illustrate an enlarged cross-sectional view of an example cover and housing joint for thecontainer 200 ofFIG. 2 according to some implementations. In this example, thechannel 206 is formed around theoutside surface 402 of thewall 306 of thehousing 202 and anouter edge 404 of thecover 204. Further, aprotrusion 406 may be formed on theoutside surface 402 of thewall 306, for forming one sidewall of thechannel 206, while alip 408 may be formed on the perimeter of thecover 204 for forming the other sidewall of thechannel 206. As illustrated inFIG. 4B , when the weld joint 210 is formed at theseam 208, the surface burr is maintained with thechannel 206 formed by theprotrusion 406 and thelip 408. Thus, in this example, instead of forming the channel into the surface of the workpiece, a protrusion and matching lip are formed in therespective workpieces complete channel 206. -
FIGS. 5A-5B illustrate cross-sectional views of workpieces configured for a friction stir welding process according to some implementations. In the example ofFIG. 5A , the thicknesses of various portions of afirst workpiece 502 and asecond workpiece 504 to be welded together at aseam 505 may be different at different locations in theworkpieces first portion 506 of the first workpiece may be thicker than, the same thickness as, or less thick than a thickness T2 of asecond portion 508 of thefirst workpiece 502, and thickness of thesecond workpiece 504 may be similarly or differently varied. Furthermore, a thickness T3 of thesecond workpiece 504 may be same as, or different from, the thickness T1 of thefirst workpiece 502, such as at theseam 505, without affecting the integrity of the weld. - In this example, a
complete channel 510 may be formed from two opposed channel portions formed in the twoworkpieces channel 510 and/or the shape of the channel may be optimized in such a way that the surface burr 512 remains below the top surface, while the weld has the same strength or sealing requirement as those made without creating such achannel 510. InFIG. 5A , the axis of rotation oftool 108 is parallel to thewalls 514 of thechannel 510, while the thickness T1, T2, etc. ofworkpiece 502 in the channel portion can be same or different from the other portion T1, T2, etc. The depth of thechannel 510 may be optimized, so the surface burr 512 remains below anupper surface 515 of eachworkpiece -
FIG. 5B illustrates afirst workpiece 516 and asecond workpiece 518 together forming acomplete channel 520. In this example, thewalls 522 of thechannel 520 are slanted inward toward anopening 524 of thechannel 520. In this example, the upper portion of thechannel 520 at theopening 524 has a width W1 that is smaller than a width W2 at a bottom 526 of thechannel 520. In this case, thesurface burr 528 may be deviated downwards by the slant if thesurface burr 528 contacts theinner wall 522 and be more securely retained inside of thechannel 520 by the slantedinner wall 522. Another benefit of the slantedinner wall 522 is that the reduced size ofchannel opening 524 may further reduce the possibility of exposing thesurface burr 528, such as to a finger or other body part of a person handling the weldedwork pieces -
FIGS. 6A-6C illustrate an example friction stir welding tool for use with a process herein according to some implementations. In this example, as illustrated inFIG. 6A , thewelding tool 108 may have aburr control device 600 that may be attached to, or which may be formed integral with, thewelding tool 108. During the stir welding procedure, theburr control device 600 may assist in keeping the height H of thesurface burr 122 below anupper edge 602 of thesidewall 130 of thechannel 124. In some cases, theburr control device 600 may be a cylindrical member affixed to thewelding tool 108, such as with setscrews, a clamp, or other fastening elements (not shown inFIG. 6A ). In other cases, theburr control device 600 may be formed as part of thewelding tool 108, or may be otherwise integral with thewelding tool 108. In the illustrated example, theburr control device 600 may have a diameter X that is greater than the width W of thechannel 124. Theburr control device 600 includes alower face 606 that may include a smooth surface and that is located a distance Y from theshoulder 112 of thetool 108. The distance Y may be the same as or slightly greater than the depth D of thechannel 124. - The
burr control device 600 may be made of steel or other hard metal. Thelower face 606 of theburr control device 600 is sufficiently smooth to only blunt thesurface burr 122 while thesurface burr 122 is still somewhat plastic, and not grind thesurface burr 122. Therefore, any particles produced by contact with thesurface burr 122 are minimized In this example, theburr control device 600 is attached to, or is integral with, thewelding tool 108 and rotates at the same rotation rate as thewelding tool 108. In other examples, as discussed below, e.g., with respect toFIGS. 8A-10B , the burr control devices may be attached to or integral with a non-rotating part such as a machine head, so that the respective burr control device only moves linearly as thewelding tool 108 transverses along theweld seam 106, but does not rotate with thewelding tool 108. - As illustrated in
FIG. 6B , during welding, theburr control device 600 may be positioned on or slightly above thesurfaces workpieces clearance 608. Theclearance 608 may depend on the size of the channel, size of the weld, material being welded, etc. but as a non-limiting example, theclearance 608 may typically be 2 millimeters or less. Accordingly, as illustrated inFIG. 6C , theburr control device 600 prevents the height H of thesurface burr 122 from rising substantially above theedge 602 of thesidewall 130 of thechannel 124. Thus, thesurface burr 122 remains at or below thesurfaces workpieces -
FIGS. 7A-7C illustrate an example friction stir welding tool for use with a process herein according to some implementations. In this example, as indicated atFIG. 7A , theburr control device 600 has a diameter X that is less than the width W of thechannel 124. Furthermore, the distance Y between thelower face 606 of theburr control device 600 and theshoulder 112 of thetool 108 is less than the depth D of thechannel 124. - As indicated at
FIG. 7B , theburr control device 600 is able to fit within thechannel 124 with a slight clearance as indicated at 702. While the size of the clearance at 702 may depend at least in part on the size of the channel and the workpieces being welded, typically the clearance may be two millimeters or less. Accordingly, in this example, as indicated atFIG. 7C , theburr control device 600 maintains a height H of thesurface burr 122 at or below thesurfaces workpieces - As mentioned above, the
burr control device 600 may be mounted on thewelding tool 108 using setscrews, a clamp, or the like. Therefore, theburr control device 600 is movable along the length of thewelding tool body 110 to enable adjustment of the distance Y, which enables adjustment to control the height H of thesurface burr 122, such as based on the type of material being welded, the depth D of thechannel 124, or the like. In other examples, however, theburr control device 600 may be formed integrally with thewelding tool body 110 and might not be adjustable with regards to distance Y. -
FIGS. 8A-8B illustrate an example friction stir welding tool including aburr control device 800 for use with a process herein according to some implementations.FIG. 8A illustrates a cross-sectional view of theburr control device 800.FIG. 8B illustrates a bottom view of theburr control device 800 as viewed alongline 8B-8B ofFIG. 8A . In this example, theburr control device 800 includes acylindrical body 802 supported by one ormore springs 802 that urge alower face 804 of thecylindrical body 802 toward the workpiece (not shown inFIG. 8A ) during welding for maintaining thelower face 804 in contact with one of the surface burr or the surface of the workpiece. Thesprings 802 may connect to acollar 806. In some examples, theburr control device 800 may rotate with thewelding tool 108. In other examples, theburr control device 800 does not rotate, and thewelding tool 108 rotates within theburr control device 800. - In addition, in some cases, the diameter X of the
cylindrical body 802 is greater than the width of the channel, as discussed above with respect toFIGS. 6A-6C . In this case, the one ormore springs 802 maintain thelower face 804 in contact with the surfaces of the workpieces. On the other hand, if the diameter X of thecylindrical body 802 is less than the width of the channel, as discussed above with respect toFIGS. 7A-7C , then the one ormore springs 802 may maintain thelower face 804 in contact with the surface burr during the welding process. Thesprings 802 provide flexibility to theburr control device 800 to enable thelower face 804 to move up and down by flexing of thesprings 802 for blunting or otherwise smoothing the surface burr during welding. -
FIGS. 9A-9B illustrate an example friction stir welding tool including aburr control device 900 for use with a process herein according to some implementations.FIG. 9A illustrates a side view of theburr control device 900.FIG. 9B illustrates a bottom view of theburr control device 900 as viewed alongline 9B-9B ofFIG. 9A . In this example, theburr control device 900 includes a pair ofburr smoothing rods 902 that extend downward from thesprings 802 supported by thecollar 806. In this example, thecollar 806, thesprings 802, and theburr smoothing rods 902 do not rotate with thewelding tool 108. To the contrary, thecollar 806 may be stationary and thesprings 802 serve to urge theburr smoothing rods 902 toward the surface burr during welding. The bottom of theburr smoothing rods 902 may include aburr smoothing tip 904 on the outer edges that may blunt or otherwise smooth the surface burr as the surface burr is being generated during the welding process. -
FIGS. 10A-10B illustrate an example friction stir welding tool including aburr control device 1000 for use with a process herein according to some implementations.FIG. 10A illustrates a side view of theburr control device 1000.FIG. 10B illustrates a bottom view of theburr control device 1000 as viewed alongline 10B-10B ofFIG. 10A . In this example, theburr control device 1000 includes a pair ofburr smoothing rods 1002 that extend downward from thesprings 802 supported by thecollar 806. In this example, thecollar 806, thesprings 802, and theburr smoothing rods 1002 do not rotate with thewelding tool 108. To the contrary, thecollar 806 may be stationary and thesprings 802 serve to urge theburr smoothing rods 1002 toward the surface burr during welding. The bottom of theburr smoothing rods 1002 may include aburr smoothing tip 1004 that may blunt or otherwise smooth the surface burr as the surface burr is being generated during the welding process. Theburr smoothing tip 1004 in this example is located toward the center of therod 1002, rather than at an outer edge, as in the example ofFIG. 9 discussed above. -
FIGS. 11A-11C illustrate a cross-sectional view of workpieces configured for a friction stir welding process according to some implementations. In this example, afirst workpiece 1102 is placed over asecond workpiece 1104 so that there is aseam 1106 between thefirst workpiece 1102 and thesecond workpiece 1104. Acomplete channel 1106 is formed in anupper surface 1108 of thefirst workpiece 1102 and is presented for receiving thewelding tool 108 during welding of thefirst workpiece 1102 to thesecond workpiece 1104. Accordingly, in this example, thewelding tool 108 may be used for spot welding or lap welding thefirst workpiece 1102 to thesecond workpiece 1104. In the case of spot welding, thechannel 1106 may be in the form of a circular socket, rather than a longitudinal channel. - In either event, as indicated at
FIG. 11B , thetool tip 114 of thewelding tool 108 may be inserted into the material of thefirst workpiece 1102 and the material of thesecond workpiece 1104 for forming a weld joint 1110 as illustrated atFIG. 11C . Thesurface burr 1112 generated from the welding process is maintained within thechannel 1106, below thesurface 1108 of the first workpiece in a manner similar to that discussed above e.g., with respect toFIG. 1 . -
FIG. 12 is a flow diagram illustrating anexample process 1200 for friction stir welding while controlling a surface burr according to some implementations. The process is illustrated as a collection of blocks in a logical flow diagram, which represent a sequence of operations. The order in which the blocks are described should not be construed as a limitation. In some cases, the described blocks can be combined, performed in a different order, and/or performed in parallel to implement the process, or alternative processes, and not all of the blocks need be executed. For discussion purposes, the process is described with reference to the environments and apparatus described in the examples herein, although the process may be implemented in a variety of other environments and apparatuses. - At 1202, a first and second workpiece are provided for welding. At least one of the first workpiece or the second workpiece includes a channel or a portion of a channel in a respective surface such that a complete channel is presented when the first workpiece and the second workpiece are placed adjacent to each other.
- At 1204, the first workpiece is clamped or otherwise secured in relation to the second workpiece to present the complete channel.
- At 1206, optionally, a burr control device may be included on the welding tool.
- At 1208, a rotating tip of the welding tool is inserted into the complete channel and into material of the first workpiece and the second workpiece for welding the first workpiece to the second workpiece, and the channel is sized so that a surface burr resulting from the welding is located within the complete channel.
- At 1210, in the case that the burr control device is used, the surface burr is contacted with a face of the burr control device during the welding to at least one of smooth the surface burr or maintain the surface burr within the complete channel.
- Although the subject matter has been described in language specific to structural features and/or methodological acts, it is to be understood that the subject matter defined in the appended claims is not necessarily limited to the specific features or acts described. Rather, the specific features and acts are disclosed as example forms of implementing the claims.
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