US20190068705A1 - Enterprise level security orchestration - Google Patents
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- H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
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- G06F21/57—Certifying or maintaining trusted computer platforms, e.g. secure boots or power-downs, version controls, system software checks, secure updates or assessing vulnerabilities
- G06F21/577—Assessing vulnerabilities and evaluating computer system security
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Definitions
- FIG. 1 is a top level context diagram of enterprise level security orchestration.
- FIG. 2 is an environment diagram illustrative of hardware, software, and communications infrastructure for enterprise level security orchestration.
- FIG. 3 is a block diagram for enterprise level security orchestration.
- FIG. 4 is an illustration of a life cycle performing enterprise level security orchestration.
- FIG. 5 is a flow chart for synchronous mirroring for enterprise level security orchestration.
- the orchestration function may be met by providing an orchestration tool where different safeguard software packages, such as QualysTM, Check PointTM, and FortinetTM have corresponding safeguard interface modules to interface a respective safeguard software package with the orchestration tool.
- the orchestration tool could run orchestration routines that utilized some or all of the safeguard software packages to perform security testing or other security functions on the enterprise.
- the waterfall model software is roughly subdivided into the following phases.
- the first phase is “strategy” where the goals of the project are identified and sponsorship/funding is secured.
- the second phase is “requirements” where what the software is to do, is specified in a formal requirements document.
- the third phase is “design” where how the software is to be implemented is specified in a formal design document.
- the requirements document may specify that four fields are to be used to specify an employee.
- the design document may show an input form for the employee and specify the use of Visual C# and a .NET runtime for implementation.
- the fourth phase is implementation, where the design is coded.
- the fifth phase is test, where the coded project is put into acceptance testing, and bugs are fixed.
- the sixth phase is deployment, where the software is rolled out to production.
- enterprise level security orchestration may be applied during the test phase as part of acceptance testing. While it is not expected that information technology developers will introduce malware, their preliminary code might introduce security flaws, such as open ports or unintentionally unsecured modules. Those, and other security problems may accordingly be detected via enterprise level security orchestration.
- Enterprise level security orchestration lends itself very well to such contemporary software development methodologies. Enterprise level security orchestration may be applied to the software product under development after each sprint. Because of the scalable nature of enterprise level security orchestration, multiple mirrors of an installation may be tested for security synchronously. Synchronous testing is described in greater detail with respect to FIG. 5 . Thus, enterprise level security orchestration may be integrated with development operations, including contemporary Agile software development methodologies, as well as other enterprise operation methodologies.
- FIG. 1 provides an exemplary context diagram 100 for enterprise level security orchestration.
- Enterprises have an information technology installation 102 comprising all computing, networking, and storage devices used by the enterprise and their software.
- An installation may include several local servers 104 ( a )- 104 ( n ), sited on the enterprise's premises.
- An installation may also include cloud infrastructure 106 provided by one or more cloud providers on one or more cloud virtual instances 108 ( a )- 108 ( o ).
- the enterprise may install enterprise software systems 110 ( a )- 110 ( p ) that automate enterprise operations across the enterprise, such as accounting, finance, customer relations management.
- An installation 102 is not limited to server side.
- An installation may include other devices 112 ( a )- 112 ( q ) that may include client personal computers, tablets, cell phone, and other mobile devices, along with their respective client software.
- An installation 102 is generally overseen by an administrator 114 , whose responsibilities include the security of the installation 102 . Accordingly, the administrator 114 may typically deploy a number of commercially available safeguard software packages 116 ( a )- 116 ( r ). As described above, exemplary safeguard software packages 116 may include, but are not limited to, QualysTM, Check Point SoftwareTM and FortinetTM. In general, a safeguard software package 116 is any software package deployed by the administrator to perform a safeguarding or security function that is to work with the other safeguard software packages 116 .
- Each safeguard software package 116 has a corresponding safeguard interface module 118 ( a )-( r ). Because different safeguard software packages 116 have different means of automation and different functions, and because the safeguard software packages 116 are likely to have changing versions over time, the safeguard interface module 118 ( a )-( r ) provides a layer of software to provide a consistent interface to abstract away the changing nature of the underlying safeguard software packages 116 .
- the safeguard interface modules 118 interface to an installation side orchestration tool 120 .
- the orchestration tool provides the administrator 114 with a user interface, including a dashboard to receive notifications and alerts from the safeguard software packages 116 in an integrated fashion.
- an orchestration routine 122 is a script which can make calls to the safeguard software packages 116 , via the automation interfaces provided by the safeguard interface modules 118 .
- the orchestration tool 120 may run the script 122 at the appointed time via a runtime that is part of the orchestration tool.
- the runtime may call the respective safeguard interface module 118 , which in turn performs the automation call specific to the safeguard software package 116 .
- the safeguard interface module 118 may be configured to invoke such interfaces. If the safeguard package 116 does not have native automation, automation may be performed-alternatives, such as journaling hooks.
- the orchestration tool 120 executes the scripts 122 , it also receives all the results of the safeguarding and security operations such as passive and active scans. Accordingly, the orchestration tool can include an analytics function which stores the results, performs analysis, and detects patterns of threats. In this way, the administrator 114 may change the configuration of the safeguard packages to close off threats. In some cases, the orchestration tool 120 may automatically respond to close off threats. Such automation may also be performed by programmed scripts 122 .
- Scripts 122 may implement different security methodologies. Accordingly, an advantage of the centralized orchestration tool 120 is the ability of the administrator 114 to implement multiple methodologies across multiple safeguard software packages 116 .
- An example scenario includes testing software or data, prior to incorporation into production. In such a scenario, it is desirable to replicate all, or part of an installation 102 . Because of the cloud, storage costs have dropped sufficiently to make large scale replication feasible. Alternatively, a well-funded enterprise could opt to implement a private cloud and have the replication storage local on premises. Finally, commercial software, such as ActifioTM provide the means to perform timely replication of an entire or a portion of an installation 102 .
- cloud 124 may be external or alternatively on premises.
- Cloud 124 provides storage and infrastructure to host full or partial mirrors 126 ( a )-( t ) of installation 102 .
- the server side orchestration software 128 is communicatively controlled by the orchestration tool 120 .
- the server side orchestration software 128 provides coordination of the creation/destruction of mirrors 126 , of the installation 102 .
- the server side orchestration software 128 also provides for performing security testing and safeguarding functions on the mirrors 126 .
- One way to make use of a mirror 126 is to perform testing on the mirror sequentially and asynchronously. For example, an administrator 114 may perform a scan using QualsysTM first, and thereafter may scan using BeyondTrustTM.
- an advantage of the present system is that multiple mirrors 126 of the same enterprise installation 102 may be made. Accordingly, in the above scenario, two mirrors 126 could be made, and QualsysTM run on the first and BeyondTrustTM run on the second. In this way, scanning is performed synchronously and the time to perform the scans could be substantially reduced to the time of a single scan. Synchronous scanning is described in further detail with respect to FIG. 5 .
- an administrator 114 may make mirrors 126 corresponding not only to safeguard software packages 116 , but also to methodologies. Thus, if the an administrator 114 wished to run five different methodologies, using multiple safeguard software packages 116 , that could be achieved by creating a mirror 126 for each methodology. Thus, an administrator is more likely to detect threats and breaches.
- Mirrors 126 may be destroyed at will. Accordingly, any security threat detected is destroyed, and data replicas will not persist to create the security risk that the data replicas are breached.
- mirrors 126 are isolated from production. When scans are performed on production, often production performance suffers due to the computing resource load of the scan. However, since mirrors 126 are isolated from production, a scan on a mirror 126 will not affect production performance. Accordingly, it is feasible to run continuous scans without adversely impacting the enterprise.
- the orchestration tool 120 and by extension the server side orchestration software 128 include an analytics collector, a remediation engine, and a security reporting module.
- the orchestration tool 120 has the ability to detect a threat 130 , and correspondingly to make a response 132 .
- the internals of the orchestration tool 120 and the server side orchestration software 128 are described in further detail with respect to FIG. 4 .
- FIG. 2 illustrates several possible embodiments of a hardware, software and communications environment 200 for enterprise level security orchestration and related techniques.
- Client device 202 is any computing device. Exemplary computing devices include without limitation personal computers, tablet computers, smart phones, and smart televisions and/or media players.
- Enterprise level security orchestration and related techniques may be used in a number of platform contexts. Although enterprise level security orchestration and related techniques may be brought to bear on a typical networked client device 202 accessing a remote server, enterprise level security orchestration and related techniques alternatively may be implemented on a networked computer. Accordingly, those techniques might be performed on a client device 202 that is a personal computer or alternatively a portable laptop.
- a client device 202 may have a processor 204 and a memory 206 .
- the memory 206 of the client device 202 may be any computer-readable media which may store several software components including an application 208 and/or an operating system 210 .
- a software component is a set of computer executable instructions stored together as a discrete whole. Examples of software components include binary executables such as static libraries, dynamically linked libraries, and executable programs. Other examples of software components include interpreted executables that are executed on a run time such as servlets, applets, p-Code binaries, and Java binaries. Software components may run in kernel mode and/or user mode.
- Computer-readable media includes, at least, two types of computer-readable media, namely computer storage media and communications media.
- Computer storage media includes volatile and non-volatile, removable and non-removable media implemented in any method or technology for storage of information such as computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules, or other data.
- Computer storage media includes, but is not limited to, RAM, ROM, EEPROM, flash memory or other memory technology, CD-ROM, digital versatile disks (DVD), Blu-Ray or other optical storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transmission medium that can be used to store information for access by a computing device.
- communication media may embody computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules, or other data in a modulated data signal, such as a carrier wave, or other transmission mechanism. As defined herein, computer storage media does not include communication media.
- client device 202 may have a network interface 212 .
- the network interface 212 may be one or more network interfaces including Ethernet, Wi-Fi, or any number of other physical and data link standard interfaces. In the case where the user need only do operations on a standalone single machine, the network interface 212 is optional.
- Client 202 may communicate to a server 216 .
- Server 216 is any computing device that may participate in a network.
- the network may be, without limitation, a local area network (“LAN”), a virtual private network (“VPN”), a cellular network, or the Internet.
- the client network interface 212 may ultimate connect remote networked storage 214 , or to server 216 via server network interface 218 .
- Server network interface 218 may be one or more network interfaces as described with respect to client network interface 212 .
- Server 216 also has a processor 220 and memory 222 .
- memory 222 is any computer-readable media including both computer storage media and communication media.
- memory 222 stores software which may include an application 224 and/or an operating system 226 .
- Memory 206 may also store applications 224 that may include without limitation, an application server and a database management system.
- client device 202 may be configured with an application server and data management system to support a multi-tier configuration.
- Server 216 may include a data store 228 accessed by the data management system.
- the data store 228 may be configured as a relational database, an object-oriented database, a NoSQL database, and/or a columnar database, or any configuration to support scalable persistence.
- the server 216 may not be on site or operated by the client enterprise.
- the server 216 may be hosted in the Internet on a cloud installation 230 .
- the cloud installation 230 may represent a plurality of disaggregated servers which provide cloud services, such as a virtual web application server 232 functionality and a virtual database 234 functionality.
- Cloud services 232 and 234 of the cloud installation 230 may be made accessible via cloud infrastructure 236 .
- Cloud infrastructure 236 not only provides access to cloud services 232 and 234 but also billing services.
- Cloud infrastructure 236 may provide additional service abstractions such as Platform as a Service (“PAAS”), Infrastructure as a Service (“IAAS”), and Software as a Service (“SAAS”).
- PAAS Platform as a Service
- IAAS Infrastructure as a Service
- SAAS Software as a Service
- FIG. 3 is a block diagram 300 of the orchestration tool 120 and the server side orchestration software 128 .
- the orchestration tool 120 includes a dashboard 302 that provides an integrated view of the security status of the installation 102 .
- the dashboard 302 may show scans in progress, status of scans present and historical, reports and recommendations, and it may show present alerts. Accordingly, there are at least three types of notifications: (1) alerts from individual safeguard software packages 116 , (2) alerts from scans in progress as orchestrated via scripts 122 , and (3) surfaced recommendations not specific to a scan.
- the safeguard software package 116 may send an alert which is intercepted by the safeguard interface module 118 .
- the safeguard interface module 118 then adds metadata identifying the safeguard software package 116 , and itself, the safeguard interface module 118 , and then forwards the alert and metadata directly to alert buffer 304 .
- the dashboard 302 may then receive a notification that a new alert has been received in the alert buffer 304 and will update the dashboard user interface accordingly.
- a runtime of the orchestration tool 120 may execute a script.
- the script may then receive alerts from safeguard software packages 116 as forwarded by the safeguard interface modules 118 .
- the script may create an alert of its own.
- the run time may then add metadata identifying the script 122 , the mirror 126 , the safeguard software package 116 and the safeguard interface module 118 that provided the alert. Both types of alerts are then forwarded by the runtime to the alert buffer 304 .
- the dashboard 302 updates again by receive a notification from the alert buffer 304 as described above.
- the alert buffer 304 may populate an analytics store 306 .
- An analytics engine 308 may then run analytics routines 310 ( a )- 310 ( n ) from time to time to identify threats. When a threat 312 is detected, the analytics engine 308 may create a record and populate the analytics store 306 .
- a remediation engine 314 monitors the analytics store 306 and detects threat patterns.
- the detection may be-any number of remediation logic modules 316 ( a )- 316 ( o ).
- a remediation logic module 316 may be a hardcoded script from an administrator 114 . For example, the remediation logic module 316 may simply state that where unauthorized access is via an open port, the module 316 is to close the port and surface a report.
- a remediation logic module 316 may employ a similarity measure and based on past behavior the administrator closed an open port upon detection of an unauthorized access, and the logic module 316 then closes all unused open ports proactively.
- a powerful remediation logic module 316 would be a module that implements any number of known machine learning algorithms to learn threats and to suggest responses 318 . Responses 318 that are repeatedly accepted or used by the administrator are stored in response data store 320 .
- a reporting tool 322 creates reports 324 ( a )- 324 ( o ) based on the records of the analytics store 306 and surfaces the availability of those reports on dashboard 302 . In some cases, the reporting tool 322 make be invoked by the remediation engine 314 to surface recommended responses as recommendations.
- Both threat data, as stored in the analytics store 306 and potential responses as stored in the response data store 320 are not populated solely from scans of the installation.
- Third party data from the security community can also be loaded via the dashboard 302 , thereby adding to the capabilities of the orchestration tool 120 .
- the orchestration tool 120 may aggregate data.
- a scheduler 326 is used to schedule the running of tests. Tests may be performed synchronously or asynchronously. Synchronous scheduling is described in further detail with respect to FIG. 5 .
- the orchestration tool 120 may be implemented using a monolithic architecture or alternatively using a micro-services architecture.
- a monolithic architecture the software components of the orchestration tool 120 that provide the detection, reporting, and remediation services are integrated and resident on the same cloud installation rather than architecturally separate.
- the orchestration tool 120 may be implemented using independent running services (the micro-services) corresponding to discrete interacting software components that communicate with each other, and may not be resident on the same cloud.
- the services of the orchestration tool 120 may be implemented using different programming languages, databases, and/or software components, in which each of these elements may be easily substituted or replaced with a comparable element.
- the micro-service architecture of the orchestration tool 120 may include, but is not limited to, services such as a web application service, a serving store, a messaging bus service, a streaming engine service, a scanning service, a distributed storage and processing service (e.g., Apache HadoopTM), and a scalable file storage system (e.g., Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFSTM)).
- FIG. 4 is an illustration 400 of the life cycle of enterprise level security orchestration starting with an initial deployment. After the deployment, illustration 400 shows an exemplary continuing operation for enterprise level security orchestration.
- the orchestration tool 120 is installed. This includes installing the safeguard interface modules 118 . Specifically, for every safeguard software package 116 installed, a corresponding safeguard interface module 118 is installed and configured to interface the safeguard software package 116 to the orchestration software.
- a storage solution is identified.
- an external cloud storage solution is identified.
- a private cloud could also be implemented.
- standard networked storage on a local area network may be chose as well.
- storage could be either external, or on premises.
- the server side orchestration software 128 is installed. Where external cloud has been chosen in block 404 , the server side orchestration software 128 may be configured to create mirrors of the installation 102 on demand. Where local storage has been chosen, the server side orchestration software 128 may be configured to allow the safeguard software packages 116 to operate directly on mirrored data.
- an initial scan may be performed.
- the installation's configuration along with the initial scan thereby provide a data baseline for the security state of the installation 102 .
- the orchestration tool 120 is ready for operations.
- the orchestration tool 120 may be configured by an administrator 114 to run a particular security test, to perform continuous scanning, or to execute a script 122 . The orchestration tool 120 may then perform the request as scheduled. Generally, the request may be performed on a mirror.
- an installation 102 is mirrored in full or in part.
- the mirror 126 may generally include at least one application, as it would be installed in production, and a snapshot of the application's data.
- copies of the safeguard software packages 116 and their respective safeguard interface modules 118 may also be installed.
- safeguard software packages 116 is also mirrored in block 412 , versioning of the safeguard software packages 116 may not be tracked. The administrator 114 need only ensure that the safeguard software packages 116 are matched to the safeguard interface modules 118 and are properly configured prior to minoring.
- threats and alerts are detected by the safeguard software packages 116 via the scripts 122 .
- the alerts are stored in the alert buffer 304 , and where alerts that are determined to be threats 312 are stored in the analytics store 306 .
- an analytics engine 308 analyzes the threats 312 in the analytics store 306 to detect threat patterns.
- a remediation engine 314 is engaged.
- the remediation engine 314 employs a number of remediation logic modules 316 to identify potential responses 318 .
- responses 318 are surfaced as recommendations to the dashboard 302 . In some cases responses 318 are automatically executed.
- reporting can be done in conjunction with past scans. For example, a second scan could be compared to the initial scan performed in block 408 . Instead of surfacing all issues, such as issues indicated by threat patterns and associated responses, only new issues would be surfaced by removing all issues (e.g., threat patterns and associated responses) identified in the initial scan. In this way, a “delta report” could be generated.
- the mirror 126 may then be deleted by the orchestration engine. In this way the mirror will not pose a security risk where data could be exposed. At this point, operation can return back to block 412 to perform another scheduled test, scan, or script execution.
- FIG. 4 is described sequentially and asynchronously. However, as mentioned above, testing may be performed synchronously. The insight is that multiple mirrors 126 may be instantiated in storage, and therefore different tests may be performed in parallel. In particular, because different safeguard software packages 116 operate on an entire mirror, running two or more packages in parallel on the same mirror at the same time would likely create race conditions. By running the two safeguard software packages 116 each on their own respective mirror 126 , race conditions are avoided. To perform synchronous scanning, tests are to be scheduled synchronously. The scheduling functionality is largely performed by the scheduler 326 in the orchestration tool 120 .
- FIG. 5 is a flow chart 500 describing synchronous scanning
- an administrator 114 specifies the maximum number of mirrors N that are covered by a service level agreement (SLA) with the cloud provider of cloud 124 . While theoretically, the cloud 124 could run an unlimited number of mirrors, the administrator 114 may limit N based on cost.
- SLA service level agreement
- tests may be marked as synchronous. Alternatively, multiple tests could be scheduled to run at the same time, in which case the scheduler 326 assumes that the tests are to be run synchronously.
- the scheduler 326 checks to see if there is sufficient computing resource capacity to create a mirror. If there is, in block 508 , the mirror is instantiated, and the test is run as per FIG. 4 . If there is insufficient capacity, the scheduler 326 checks to see if there is a currently running asynchronous test at decision block 510 . If there is, then in block 512 , the currently running asynchronous test on another mirror is halted, a new mirror is instantiated using the newly freed resources, and the test is run as per FIG. 4 .
- the scheduler 326 schedules test run asynchronously and an alert is surfaced to the dashboard.
- the scheduler can be set with options where a test that cannot be run synchronously is simply not run.
- the present system and methods are also to support various billing models. Some options are described as follows.
- One model would be to charge per safeguard software package 116 configuration or per test.
- each different safeguard interface module 118 corresponding to a safeguard software package 116 , may be marked with an identifier such as a globally unique identifier (GUID).
- GUID globally unique identifier
- the dashboard 302 could track whether the package was used, for what purpose, and the frequency of use.
- Another model would be to charge per mirrored instance. Because the server side orchestration software 128 is responsible for mirroring, it could track the number of mirrors created and whether a test completed successfully. Individual mirrors could be tracked timestamp or alternatively via an identifier such as a GUID. In this way, the volume of computing resources could be tracked.
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Abstract
Description
- This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/192,018, filed on Jul. 13, 2015, entitled “Enterprise Level Security Orchestration,” which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
- Present day enterprises have come to rely on mission critical computing systems. Such systems may include automation for accounting, finance, human resources, and other enterprise automation. Without automation, enterprises might not be able to service a large number of customers, would not be able to quickly determine who they owed money to or who owed them money, or be able to collaborate on work product. Indeed, if an enterprise's automation were to be compromised, that enterprise may run the risk of facing losses tantamount to going out of business. Accordingly, the ability for an enterprise to protect, backup, and recover from automation failures and threats is tantamount to ensuring not only the enterprise's health, but indeed its survival.
- Accordingly, various vendors have made product offerings to safeguard enterprise systems and data. Examples include: Qualys™, Check Point Software™ and Fortinet™. However, different safeguarding software systems, may each have a different focus. One system may protect server side computing instances, but may not protect client side software. Another system may provide proactive security scanning, but may not offer recovery assistance in the case of compromise. Worse, rather than working in concert, different systems may inadvertently act against each other.
- Accordingly, enterprises have turned to installing a number of safeguarding software systems to automate the protection, backup, recovery of their mission critical computing systems. However, presently, there is no technology to orchestrate the response of these diverse safeguarding software systems in a unified and coherent fashion. Furthermore, as a consequence of there being no present orchestration technology, there is no present way for enterprises to perform orchestrated self-healing and response in the event of a security breach.
- The detailed description is described with reference to the accompanying figures, in which the left-most digit(s) of a reference number identifies the figure in which the reference number first appears. The use of the same reference numbers in different figures indicates similar or identical items.
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FIG. 1 is a top level context diagram of enterprise level security orchestration. -
FIG. 2 is an environment diagram illustrative of hardware, software, and communications infrastructure for enterprise level security orchestration. -
FIG. 3 is a block diagram for enterprise level security orchestration. -
FIG. 4 is an illustration of a life cycle performing enterprise level security orchestration. -
FIG. 5 is a flow chart for synchronous mirroring for enterprise level security orchestration. - Presently there is an unmet need to perform enterprise level security orchestration. Herein is described a system and methods to provide such enterprise level security orchestration. As described above, there presently exist a number of commercial enterprise safeguarding systems for enterprises. These systems can perform threat scanning, mirroring, recovery, and other functions. However, typical large enterprises may deploy several of these safeguarding systems, and presently those safeguarding systems are not orchestrated to act in concert. There exist a large number of scenarios, such passive and active scanning, end to end threat penetration testing, and application recovery, where the several deployed safeguarding systems are used in concert. In the scanning instance, an enterprise may desire to first run a scan using Qualys™ and the afterwards run a scan using BeyondTrust™ to ensure that the latter caught what the former might have missed.
- The orchestration function may be met by providing an orchestration tool where different safeguard software packages, such as Qualys™, Check Point™, and Fortinet™ have corresponding safeguard interface modules to interface a respective safeguard software package with the orchestration tool. In this way, the orchestration tool could run orchestration routines that utilized some or all of the safeguard software packages to perform security testing or other security functions on the enterprise.
- Addressing the above would provide the orchestration portion of enterprise level security orchestration. However, to make the security orchestration function enterprise level, the present system ideally would have the ability to perform security testing and other security functions isolated from production systems. Accordingly, the orchestration tool would have access to a mirror of the entire enterprise, in effect creating an enterprise size sandbox. Because the amount of data for the enterprise, there are technical challenges addressed herein to enable timely, enterprise scope sandboxing.
- Accordingly, preparing an orchestration tool, interfaced with various safeguard software packages via corresponding safeguard interface modules, with access to storage sufficient for enterprise scale mirroring, and mirroring functions with sufficient performance to perform mirroring in a timely fashion, would provide enterprise level security orchestration.
- Enterprise level security orchestration enables security testing and safeguarding functions that are functions that support a security scenario. Scenarios include, without limitation:
-
- Vulnerability scanning
- Active scanning
- Penetration test scanning
- Web application scanning
- End to end scanning
- Software development scanning
- Pre-release scanning
- White hat/tiger team methodology scanning
- Remediation management
- Reporting management
- The above scenarios are not performed in a vacuum. Many of the above scenarios are performed in concert with other enterprise operations. By way of example, consider developer operations which comprise a development life cycle and a test life cycle. Specifically when enterprise critical applications are developed, they are typically developed according to a software development methodology, which compartmentalizes different phases of development. In doing so, the methodology offers checkpoints where work product, such as documentation and working code, may be tested. By detected potential problems early in development, those problems if properly corrected will not propagate-the system.
- One example of a software development methodology is called the “waterfall model.” In the waterfall model, software is roughly subdivided into the following phases. The first phase is “strategy” where the goals of the project are identified and sponsorship/funding is secured. The second phase is “requirements” where what the software is to do, is specified in a formal requirements document. The third phase is “design” where how the software is to be implemented is specified in a formal design document. For example, the requirements document may specify that four fields are to be used to specify an employee. The design document may show an input form for the employee and specify the use of Visual C# and a .NET runtime for implementation. The fourth phase is implementation, where the design is coded. The fifth phase is test, where the coded project is put into acceptance testing, and bugs are fixed. Upon passing acceptance, the sixth phase is deployment, where the software is rolled out to production.
- In the waterfall model, enterprise level security orchestration may be applied during the test phase as part of acceptance testing. While it is not expected that information technology developers will introduce malware, their preliminary code might introduce security flaws, such as open ports or unintentionally unsecured modules. Those, and other security problems may accordingly be detected via enterprise level security orchestration.
- Presently, more contemporary software development methodologies have become more iterative. Specifically, because it was possible to hold up development until the completion of a comprehensive functional requirements document, software development methodologies, such as “Agile”, arose in response where development was subdivided across multiple development efforts of smaller and more discrete software features. Developing on such feature could be done in a short period of time called a “sprint”. Accordingly, development of a single software product might comprise multiple sprints.
- Enterprise level security orchestration lends itself very well to such contemporary software development methodologies. Enterprise level security orchestration may be applied to the software product under development after each sprint. Because of the scalable nature of enterprise level security orchestration, multiple mirrors of an installation may be tested for security synchronously. Synchronous testing is described in greater detail with respect to
FIG. 5 . Thus, enterprise level security orchestration may be integrated with development operations, including contemporary Agile software development methodologies, as well as other enterprise operation methodologies. -
FIG. 1 provides an exemplary context diagram 100 for enterprise level security orchestration. Enterprises have aninformation technology installation 102 comprising all computing, networking, and storage devices used by the enterprise and their software. An installation may include several local servers 104(a)-104(n), sited on the enterprise's premises. An installation may also includecloud infrastructure 106 provided by one or more cloud providers on one or more cloud virtual instances 108(a)-108(o). On thoselocal servers 104 and/or the cloudvirtual instances 108, the enterprise may install enterprise software systems 110(a)-110(p) that automate enterprise operations across the enterprise, such as accounting, finance, customer relations management. - An
installation 102 is not limited to server side. An installation may include other devices 112(a)-112(q) that may include client personal computers, tablets, cell phone, and other mobile devices, along with their respective client software. - An
installation 102 is generally overseen by anadministrator 114, whose responsibilities include the security of theinstallation 102. Accordingly, theadministrator 114 may typically deploy a number of commercially available safeguard software packages 116(a)-116(r). As described above, exemplarysafeguard software packages 116 may include, but are not limited to, Qualys™, Check Point Software™ and Fortinet™. In general, asafeguard software package 116 is any software package deployed by the administrator to perform a safeguarding or security function that is to work with the other safeguard software packages 116. - Each
safeguard software package 116, has a corresponding safeguard interface module 118(a)-(r). Because differentsafeguard software packages 116 have different means of automation and different functions, and because thesafeguard software packages 116 are likely to have changing versions over time, the safeguard interface module 118(a)-(r) provides a layer of software to provide a consistent interface to abstract away the changing nature of the underlying safeguard software packages 116. - The
safeguard interface modules 118 interface to an installationside orchestration tool 120. The orchestration tool provides theadministrator 114 with a user interface, including a dashboard to receive notifications and alerts from thesafeguard software packages 116 in an integrated fashion. - From time to time, the administrator may choose to automate the
safeguard software packages 116, generally in concert with each other. This is accomplished via, orchestration routines 122(a)-122(s). Anorchestration routine 122 is a script which can make calls to thesafeguard software packages 116, via the automation interfaces provided by thesafeguard interface modules 118. Specifically, after an administrator programs and deploys ascript 122 to run at specified times and/or specified intervals, theorchestration tool 120 may run thescript 122 at the appointed time via a runtime that is part of the orchestration tool. When the script invokes a call to asafeguard software package 116, the runtime may call the respectivesafeguard interface module 118, which in turn performs the automation call specific to thesafeguard software package 116. For example, if thesafeguard software package 116 proffers a Component Object Module or a .NET™ interface, thesafeguard interface module 118 may be configured to invoke such interfaces. If thesafeguard package 116 does not have native automation, automation may be performed-alternatives, such as journaling hooks. - Because the
orchestration tool 120 executes thescripts 122, it also receives all the results of the safeguarding and security operations such as passive and active scans. Accordingly, the orchestration tool can include an analytics function which stores the results, performs analysis, and detects patterns of threats. In this way, theadministrator 114 may change the configuration of the safeguard packages to close off threats. In some cases, theorchestration tool 120 may automatically respond to close off threats. Such automation may also be performed byprogrammed scripts 122. -
Scripts 122 may implement different security methodologies. Accordingly, an advantage of thecentralized orchestration tool 120 is the ability of theadministrator 114 to implement multiple methodologies across multiple safeguard software packages 116. - As described above, it may be desirable to perform security and safeguard functions isolated from production systems. An example scenario includes testing software or data, prior to incorporation into production. In such a scenario, it is desirable to replicate all, or part of an
installation 102. Because of the cloud, storage costs have dropped sufficiently to make large scale replication feasible. Alternatively, a well-funded enterprise could opt to implement a private cloud and have the replication storage local on premises. Finally, commercial software, such as Actifio™ provide the means to perform timely replication of an entire or a portion of aninstallation 102. - Accordingly,
cloud 124 may be external or alternatively on premises.Cloud 124, provides storage and infrastructure to host full or partial mirrors 126(a)-(t) ofinstallation 102. The serverside orchestration software 128 is communicatively controlled by theorchestration tool 120. The serverside orchestration software 128 provides coordination of the creation/destruction of mirrors 126, of theinstallation 102. The serverside orchestration software 128 also provides for performing security testing and safeguarding functions on the mirrors 126. - One way to make use of a mirror 126 is to perform testing on the mirror sequentially and asynchronously. For example, an
administrator 114 may perform a scan using Qualsys™ first, and thereafter may scan using BeyondTrust™. - However, an advantage of the present system is that multiple mirrors 126 of the
same enterprise installation 102 may be made. Accordingly, in the above scenario, two mirrors 126 could be made, and Qualsys™ run on the first and BeyondTrust™ run on the second. In this way, scanning is performed synchronously and the time to perform the scans could be substantially reduced to the time of a single scan. Synchronous scanning is described in further detail with respect toFIG. 5 . - Beyond time savings, an
administrator 114 may make mirrors 126 corresponding not only to safeguardsoftware packages 116, but also to methodologies. Thus, if the anadministrator 114 wished to run five different methodologies, using multiplesafeguard software packages 116, that could be achieved by creating a mirror 126 for each methodology. Thus, an administrator is more likely to detect threats and breaches. - Mirrors 126 may be destroyed at will. Accordingly, any security threat detected is destroyed, and data replicas will not persist to create the security risk that the data replicas are breached. As previously mentioned, mirrors 126 are isolated from production. When scans are performed on production, often production performance suffers due to the computing resource load of the scan. However, since mirrors 126 are isolated from production, a scan on a mirror 126 will not affect production performance. Accordingly, it is feasible to run continuous scans without adversely impacting the enterprise.
- The
orchestration tool 120 and by extension the serverside orchestration software 128, include an analytics collector, a remediation engine, and a security reporting module. Thus, theorchestration tool 120 has the ability to detect athreat 130, and correspondingly to make aresponse 132. The internals of theorchestration tool 120 and the serverside orchestration software 128 are described in further detail with respect toFIG. 4 . - Prior to disclosing enterprise level security orchestration and related techniques, an exemplary hardware, software and communications environment is disclosed.
FIG. 2 illustrates several possible embodiments of a hardware, software andcommunications environment 200 for enterprise level security orchestration and related techniques. -
Client device 202 is any computing device. Exemplary computing devices include without limitation personal computers, tablet computers, smart phones, and smart televisions and/or media players. - Enterprise level security orchestration and related techniques may be used in a number of platform contexts. Although enterprise level security orchestration and related techniques may be brought to bear on a typical
networked client device 202 accessing a remote server, enterprise level security orchestration and related techniques alternatively may be implemented on a networked computer. Accordingly, those techniques might be performed on aclient device 202 that is a personal computer or alternatively a portable laptop. - A
client device 202 may have aprocessor 204 and amemory 206. Thememory 206 of theclient device 202 may be any computer-readable media which may store several software components including anapplication 208 and/or anoperating system 210. In general, a software component is a set of computer executable instructions stored together as a discrete whole. Examples of software components include binary executables such as static libraries, dynamically linked libraries, and executable programs. Other examples of software components include interpreted executables that are executed on a run time such as servlets, applets, p-Code binaries, and Java binaries. Software components may run in kernel mode and/or user mode. - Computer-readable media includes, at least, two types of computer-readable media, namely computer storage media and communications media. Computer storage media includes volatile and non-volatile, removable and non-removable media implemented in any method or technology for storage of information such as computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules, or other data. Computer storage media includes, but is not limited to, RAM, ROM, EEPROM, flash memory or other memory technology, CD-ROM, digital versatile disks (DVD), Blu-Ray or other optical storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transmission medium that can be used to store information for access by a computing device. In contrast, communication media may embody computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules, or other data in a modulated data signal, such as a carrier wave, or other transmission mechanism. As defined herein, computer storage media does not include communication media.
- To participate in a communications environment,
client device 202 may have anetwork interface 212. Thenetwork interface 212 may be one or more network interfaces including Ethernet, Wi-Fi, or any number of other physical and data link standard interfaces. In the case where the user need only do operations on a standalone single machine, thenetwork interface 212 is optional. -
Client 202 may communicate to aserver 216.Server 216 is any computing device that may participate in a network. The network may be, without limitation, a local area network (“LAN”), a virtual private network (“VPN”), a cellular network, or the Internet. Theclient network interface 212 may ultimate connect remotenetworked storage 214, or toserver 216 viaserver network interface 218.Server network interface 218 may be one or more network interfaces as described with respect toclient network interface 212. -
Server 216 also has aprocessor 220 andmemory 222. As per the preceding discussion regardingclient device 202,memory 222 is any computer-readable media including both computer storage media and communication media. - In particular,
memory 222 stores software which may include anapplication 224 and/or anoperating system 226.Memory 206 may also storeapplications 224 that may include without limitation, an application server and a database management system. In this way,client device 202 may be configured with an application server and data management system to support a multi-tier configuration. -
Server 216 may include adata store 228 accessed by the data management system. Thedata store 228 may be configured as a relational database, an object-oriented database, a NoSQL database, and/or a columnar database, or any configuration to support scalable persistence. - The
server 216 may not be on site or operated by the client enterprise. Theserver 216 may be hosted in the Internet on acloud installation 230. Thecloud installation 230 may represent a plurality of disaggregated servers which provide cloud services, such as a virtualweb application server 232 functionality and avirtual database 234 functionality. Cloud services 232 and 234 of thecloud installation 230 may be made accessible viacloud infrastructure 236.Cloud infrastructure 236 not only provides access tocloud services Cloud infrastructure 236 may provide additional service abstractions such as Platform as a Service (“PAAS”), Infrastructure as a Service (“IAAS”), and Software as a Service (“SAAS”). -
FIG. 3 is a block diagram 300 of theorchestration tool 120 and the serverside orchestration software 128. Theorchestration tool 120 includes adashboard 302 that provides an integrated view of the security status of theinstallation 102. Thedashboard 302 may show scans in progress, status of scans present and historical, reports and recommendations, and it may show present alerts. Accordingly, there are at least three types of notifications: (1) alerts from individualsafeguard software packages 116, (2) alerts from scans in progress as orchestrated viascripts 122, and (3) surfaced recommendations not specific to a scan. - To receive alerts from individual
safeguard software packages 116, thesafeguard software package 116 may send an alert which is intercepted by thesafeguard interface module 118. Thesafeguard interface module 118 then adds metadata identifying thesafeguard software package 116, and itself, thesafeguard interface module 118, and then forwards the alert and metadata directly toalert buffer 304. Thedashboard 302, may then receive a notification that a new alert has been received in thealert buffer 304 and will update the dashboard user interface accordingly. - To receive alerts from
scripts 122, a runtime of theorchestration tool 120 may execute a script. The script may then receive alerts fromsafeguard software packages 116 as forwarded by thesafeguard interface modules 118. Alternatively, the script may create an alert of its own. The run time may then add metadata identifying thescript 122, the mirror 126, thesafeguard software package 116 and thesafeguard interface module 118 that provided the alert. Both types of alerts are then forwarded by the runtime to thealert buffer 304. Thedashboard 302 updates again by receive a notification from thealert buffer 304 as described above. - From time to time, the
alert buffer 304 may populate ananalytics store 306. Ananalytics engine 308 may then run analytics routines 310(a)-310(n) from time to time to identify threats. When a threat 312 is detected, theanalytics engine 308 may create a record and populate theanalytics store 306. - A
remediation engine 314 monitors theanalytics store 306 and detects threat patterns. The detection may be-any number of remediation logic modules 316(a)-316(o). Aremediation logic module 316 may be a hardcoded script from anadministrator 114. For example, theremediation logic module 316 may simply state that where unauthorized access is via an open port, themodule 316 is to close the port and surface a report. Aremediation logic module 316 may employ a similarity measure and based on past behavior the administrator closed an open port upon detection of an unauthorized access, and thelogic module 316 then closes all unused open ports proactively. A powerfulremediation logic module 316 would be a module that implements any number of known machine learning algorithms to learn threats and to suggestresponses 318.Responses 318 that are repeatedly accepted or used by the administrator are stored inresponse data store 320. - A reporting tool 322 creates reports 324(a)-324(o) based on the records of the
analytics store 306 and surfaces the availability of those reports ondashboard 302. In some cases, the reporting tool 322 make be invoked by theremediation engine 314 to surface recommended responses as recommendations. - Both threat data, as stored in the
analytics store 306 and potential responses as stored in theresponse data store 320 are not populated solely from scans of the installation. Third party data from the security community can also be loaded via thedashboard 302, thereby adding to the capabilities of theorchestration tool 120. In general, theorchestration tool 120 may aggregate data. Ascheduler 326 is used to schedule the running of tests. Tests may be performed synchronously or asynchronously. Synchronous scheduling is described in further detail with respect toFIG. 5 . - In various embodiments, the
orchestration tool 120 may be implemented using a monolithic architecture or alternatively using a micro-services architecture. In a monolithic architecture, the software components of theorchestration tool 120 that provide the detection, reporting, and remediation services are integrated and resident on the same cloud installation rather than architecturally separate. However, in the micro-services architecture, theorchestration tool 120 may be implemented using independent running services (the micro-services) corresponding to discrete interacting software components that communicate with each other, and may not be resident on the same cloud. - In both the monolithic and the micro-services architectures, the services of the
orchestration tool 120 may be implemented using different programming languages, databases, and/or software components, in which each of these elements may be easily substituted or replaced with a comparable element. In at least one embodiment, the micro-service architecture of theorchestration tool 120 may include, but is not limited to, services such as a web application service, a serving store, a messaging bus service, a streaming engine service, a scanning service, a distributed storage and processing service (e.g., Apache Hadoop™), and a scalable file storage system (e.g., Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS™)). -
FIG. 4 is anillustration 400 of the life cycle of enterprise level security orchestration starting with an initial deployment. After the deployment,illustration 400 shows an exemplary continuing operation for enterprise level security orchestration. - In
block 402, theorchestration tool 120 is installed. This includes installing thesafeguard interface modules 118. Specifically, for everysafeguard software package 116 installed, a correspondingsafeguard interface module 118 is installed and configured to interface thesafeguard software package 116 to the orchestration software. - In
block 404, a storage solution is identified. Generally an external cloud storage solution is identified. However, alternatively a private cloud could also be implemented. In yet other embodiments, standard networked storage on a local area network may be chose as well. Thus storage could be either external, or on premises. - In
block 406, the serverside orchestration software 128 is installed. Where external cloud has been chosen inblock 404, the serverside orchestration software 128 may be configured to create mirrors of theinstallation 102 on demand. Where local storage has been chosen, the serverside orchestration software 128 may be configured to allow thesafeguard software packages 116 to operate directly on mirrored data. - In
block 408, an initial scan may be performed. The installation's configuration along with the initial scan thereby provide a data baseline for the security state of theinstallation 102. At this point, theorchestration tool 120 is ready for operations. - In
block 410, theorchestration tool 120 may be configured by anadministrator 114 to run a particular security test, to perform continuous scanning, or to execute ascript 122. Theorchestration tool 120 may then perform the request as scheduled. Generally, the request may be performed on a mirror. - On demand, by the
orchestration tool 120, inblock 412, aninstallation 102 is mirrored in full or in part. The mirror 126 may generally include at least one application, as it would be installed in production, and a snapshot of the application's data. In the case of external cloud, copies of thesafeguard software packages 116 and their respectivesafeguard interface modules 118 may also be installed. - Note that because the
safeguard software packages 116 is also mirrored inblock 412, versioning of thesafeguard software packages 116 may not be tracked. Theadministrator 114 need only ensure that thesafeguard software packages 116 are matched to thesafeguard interface modules 118 and are properly configured prior to minoring. - Generally replicating
installations 102 is a time consuming process. However, commercial software, such as Actifio™ may be used to create mirrors in a timely fashion. Orchestration of replication is to be performed by the serverside orchestration software 128. - During the performance of the security tests, in
block 410, threats and alerts are detected by thesafeguard software packages 116 via thescripts 122. The alerts are stored in thealert buffer 304, and where alerts that are determined to be threats 312 are stored in theanalytics store 306. - In
block 414, ananalytics engine 308 analyzes the threats 312 in theanalytics store 306 to detect threat patterns. Upon detection of threat patterns, inblock 416, aremediation engine 314 is engaged. Theremediation engine 314 employs a number ofremediation logic modules 316 to identifypotential responses 318. Inblock 418,responses 318 are surfaced as recommendations to thedashboard 302. In somecases responses 318 are automatically executed. - Note that reporting can be done in conjunction with past scans. For example, a second scan could be compared to the initial scan performed in
block 408. Instead of surfacing all issues, such as issues indicated by threat patterns and associated responses, only new issues would be surfaced by removing all issues (e.g., threat patterns and associated responses) identified in the initial scan. In this way, a “delta report” could be generated. - In
block 420, the mirror 126 may then be deleted by the orchestration engine. In this way the mirror will not pose a security risk where data could be exposed. At this point, operation can return back to block 412 to perform another scheduled test, scan, or script execution. - The discussion with respect to
FIG. 4 is described sequentially and asynchronously. However, as mentioned above, testing may be performed synchronously. The insight is that multiple mirrors 126 may be instantiated in storage, and therefore different tests may be performed in parallel. In particular, because differentsafeguard software packages 116 operate on an entire mirror, running two or more packages in parallel on the same mirror at the same time would likely create race conditions. By running the twosafeguard software packages 116 each on their own respective mirror 126, race conditions are avoided. To perform synchronous scanning, tests are to be scheduled synchronously. The scheduling functionality is largely performed by thescheduler 326 in theorchestration tool 120.FIG. 5 is aflow chart 500 describing synchronous scanning - In
block 502, anadministrator 114 specifies the maximum number of mirrors N that are covered by a service level agreement (SLA) with the cloud provider ofcloud 124. While theoretically, thecloud 124 could run an unlimited number of mirrors, theadministrator 114 may limit N based on cost. - In
block 504, theadministrator 114 schedules security tests. Tests may be marked as synchronous. Alternatively, multiple tests could be scheduled to run at the same time, in which case thescheduler 326 assumes that the tests are to be run synchronously. - In
block 506, if a test is scheduled at the present time, thescheduler 326 checks to see if there is sufficient computing resource capacity to create a mirror. If there is, inblock 508, the mirror is instantiated, and the test is run as perFIG. 4 . If there is insufficient capacity, thescheduler 326 checks to see if there is a currently running asynchronous test atdecision block 510. If there is, then inblock 512, the currently running asynchronous test on another mirror is halted, a new mirror is instantiated using the newly freed resources, and the test is run as perFIG. 4 . If no currently running asynchronous test can be identified, then inblock 514 thescheduler 326 schedules test run asynchronously and an alert is surfaced to the dashboard. The scheduler can be set with options where a test that cannot be run synchronously is simply not run. - The present system and methods are also to support various billing models. Some options are described as follows. One model would be to charge per
safeguard software package 116 configuration or per test. In this model, each differentsafeguard interface module 118, corresponding to asafeguard software package 116, may be marked with an identifier such as a globally unique identifier (GUID). Whenever the package was detected as running, thedashboard 302 could track whether the package was used, for what purpose, and the frequency of use. Another model would be to charge per mirrored instance. Because the serverside orchestration software 128 is responsible for mirroring, it could track the number of mirrors created and whether a test completed successfully. Individual mirrors could be tracked timestamp or alternatively via an identifier such as a GUID. In this way, the volume of computing resources could be tracked. - Although the subject matter has been described in language specific to structural features and/or methodological acts, it is to be understood that the subject matter defined in the appended claims is not necessarily limited to the specific features or acts described above. Rather, the specific features and acts described above are disclosed as example forms of implementing the claims.
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US20130254755A1 (en) * | 2012-03-22 | 2013-09-26 | Shenol YOUSOUF | Dynamically updating on-demand runtime platforms executing business applications |
US20150365437A1 (en) * | 2014-06-17 | 2015-12-17 | International Business Machines Corporation | Managing software deployment |
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