US20190040427A1

US20190040427A1 - Engineered CO2-Fixing Chemotrophic Microorganisms Producing Carbon-Based Products and Methods of Using the Same

Info

Publication number: US20190040427A1
Application number: US15/936,440
Authority: US
Inventors: Itzhak Kurek; John S. Reed; lisa Dyson; Henrik Fyrst; Christer Jansson; David Galgoczy
Original assignee: Kiverdi Inc
Current assignee: Kiverdi Inc
Priority date: 2008-11-06
Filing date: 2018-03-27
Publication date: 2019-02-07
Also published as: US20170152533A1; US9957534B2

Abstract

Disclosed herein are microorganisms containing exogenous or heterologous nucleic acid sequences, wherein the microorganisms are capable of growing on gaseous carbon dioxide, gaseous hydrogen, syngas, or combinations thereof. In some embodiments the microorganisms are chemotrophic bacteria that produce or secrete at least 10% of lipid by weight. Also disclosed are methods of fixing gaseous carbon into organic carbon molecules useful for industrial processes. Also disclosed are methods of manufacturing chemicals or producing precursors to chemicals useful in jet fuel, diesel fuel, and biodiesel fuel. Exemplary chemicals or precursors to chemicals useful in fuel production are alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, fatty acid alcohols, fatty acid aldehydes, desaturated hydrocarbons, unsaturated fatty acids, hydroxyl acids, or diacids with carbon chains between six and thirty carbon atoms long. Also disclosed are microorganisms and methods using disclosed microorganisms for the production of butanediol and its chemical precursors in low-oxygen or anaerobic fermentation. Also disclosed are microorganisms and methods using disclosed microorganisms for generating hydroxylated fatty acids in microbes through the transfer of enzymes that are known to hydroxylate fatty acids in plants or microbes. Also disclosed are microorganisms and methods using disclosed microorganisms for the production of shorter-chain fatty acids in microbes through the introduction of exogenous fatty acyl-CoA binding proteins.

Description

RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims the benefit under 35 U.S.C. § 119(e) of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/616,560, filed Mar. 28, 2012 and entitled PROCESS FOR GENERATING HYDROXYLATED FATTY ACIDS; U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/635,238, filed Apr. 18, 2012 and entitled PROCESS FOR GENERATING SHORTER FATTY ACIDS WITH AN EXOGENOUS FATTY ACYL-COA BINDING PROTEIN; U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/708,057, filed Oct. 1, 2012 and entitled PROCESS FOR PRODUCING CARBON-BASED CHEMICALS, INCLUDING BUTANEDIOL, USING CHEMOTROPHIC MICROBES. This application is also a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/623,089, filed Sep. 19, 2012, and entitled “INDUSTRIAL FATTY ACID ENGINEERING GENERAL SYSTEM FOR MODIFYING FATTY ACIDS.” Each of these applications is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety for all purposes.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

This disclosure relates to compositions capable of producing and methods of the producing oils, fuels, and oleochemicals through cultivating bacteria that grow on carbon-containing gas such as syngas, producer gas, CO₂, carbon monoxide and mixtures of the same containing hydrogen gas. This disclosure further relates to methods of fixing carbon from gas into useful organic molecules such as diacids, hydroxy acids, fatty acid alcohols, fatty acid aldehydes, fatty acids, unsaturated fatty acids, esters, lipids, alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes. The bacteria of the invention can be genetically engineered for use in the methods or other aspects of the invention described herein. The present invention further describes mechanisms to confer and/or enhance production of carbon-based products to an organism such that it converts carbon dioxide, or other inorganic carbon sources, and inorganic energy, including chemical energy from an inorganic chemical or directly from an electrical source, into carbon-based products of commercial value.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Sustainable and renewable sources of liquid fuel to operate machinery, aircraft, and vehicles are necessary to reduce the amount of carbon dioxide emissions in the atmosphere, as well as to reduce global energy consumption based upon coal, oil, and natural gas economies.
Increased demand for energy by the global economy has placed increasing pressure on the cost of hydrocarbons. Aside from energy, many industries, including plastics and chemical manufacturers, rely heavily on the availability of fossil hydrocarbon sources as a feedstock for their manufacturing processes. Cost-effective alternatives to current sources of supply could help mitigate the upward pressure on fossil resource demand and raw material costs.
Biologic systems that fix carbon through natural biochemical metabolic processes are known. Algal systems have been developed to create hydrocarbons through photosynthetic reactions, as well as heterotrophic reactions fed by sugar that indirectly depend upon photosynthesis, but insufficient yields limit the effectiveness, economic feasibility, practicality and commercial adoption. Bacterial cells have been genetically engineered to process sugar feedstocks into useful hydrocarbons in heterotrophic fermentation systems, however, there are significant drawbacks for these systems.
Heterotrophic fermentations are vulnerable to contamination because heterotrophic microorganisms that can grow on fixed carbon nutrients are far more ubiquitous in the surface environment. Heterotrophic technologies also generally suffer limitations in terms of food versus fuel conflict and negative environmental impacts.
Gas-to-liquid (GTL) technologies have the benefit of allowing the utilization of waste carbon sources—including highly lignocellulosic waste through the conversion to synthesis gas (syngas) via gasification, as well as waste CO₂through the provision of reduced hydrogen—in the production of liquid fuels and/or organic chemicals. Syngas is a mix of gases that generally contains H₂, CO, and CO₂as major components, which can be generated through steam reforming of methane and/or liquid petroleum gas or through gasification of any organic material, including but not limited to biomass, waste organic matter, various polymers, and coal. Many gasification processes are available for the production of syngas. A number of gasification processes subject the carbonaceous feedstock to partial oxidation at high temperatures (500-1500° C.), with the oxygen supply restricted to prevent complete combustion, producing syngas with varying composition depending on feedstock and reaction conditions such that the ratio of H₂:CO can range from 0.5:1 to 3:1. The hydrogen component of syngas can be raised through the reaction of CO with steam in the water gas shift reaction with a concomitant increase in CO₂in the syngas mix.
Some major technologies for syngas conversion to liquid fuels or chemicals include chemical catalytic processes such as the Fischer-Tropsch (F-T) as well as processes for the synthesis of methanol or other mixed alcohols, and biological gas fermentation processes. F-T has been worked on for almost one hundred years and relies on metal-based, inorganic catalysts for the conversion of syngas into longer chain hydrocarbons. Difficulties with F-T include: a wide chain length distribution of products resulting in the need to reprocess short chain length products such as methane and LPG and/or the need to perform additional costly post-processing steps on long chain waxes and tars such as hydrocracking; high catalyst sensitivity to syngas impurities such as sulfur containing compounds, tars, and particulates, generally necessitating multiple costly gas clean up steps; relatively low flexibility in terms of accommodating various ratios of syngas constituents i.e. H2:CO, and low tolerance of CO₂, often resulting in additional costly syngas conditioning steps such as water gas shift and CO₂removal; the actual F-T step is relatively high temperature and pressure resulting in costly compression and heating requirements; the wide distribution of products generally necessitates the storage, handling, and transport of a wide array of products which is often uneconomic except for relatively large scale operations; F-T products (e.g. diesel, jet fuel, naphtha, waxes) are relatively low in value at current (2011) prices compared to many different higher value oils, lipids, and oleochemicals that can be produced biologically. The difficulties with F-T generally also apply to other chemical conversion processes such as methanol synthesis.
The gasification of biomass to generate syngas has a long history going back to World War II where biomass gasification was used for running modified automobiles, boats, buses, and trucks. Presently, a number of biomass gasification technologies are at, or near commercialization (able to gasify 10,000 or more tons of biomass per year), and are generally used for the production of heat and/or electricity. The synthesis of chemicals or fuels from syngas generated via biomass gasification is at an earlier stage of development, and is generally pre-commercial.
Using syngas and/or CO₂and/or renewable H₂in gas fermentation enables the utilization of cheaper and more flexible sources of energy and/or carbon for the biological synthesis of sustainable chemicals and fuels than is possible through heterotrophic or phototrophic synthesis. In gas fermentation, syngas acts as both a carbon and energy source for the microbial culture. Some of the advantages of syngas fermentation include: the production of a relatively narrow range of carbon chain length distribution compared to F-T; lower sensitivity to syngas impurities; greater tolerance of varying ratios of H2:CO and the presence of CO2; able to operate at much closer to ambient temperature and pressure; able to produce various higher value oleochemical products.
A fermentation process based upon a gaseous feedstock such as syngas can allow for far lower negative environmental and food production impacts in the biological synthesis of liquid fuels and/or chemicals than the highly land and water intensive heterotrophic or phototrophic-based technologies. However, current biological GTL technologies generally yield relatively short chain alcohols, or other short chain organic compounds, as products, which have relatively low energy density and infrastructure compatibility with current petrochemical and oleochemical processes.
The syngas-growing microorganisms used in current biological GTL technologies are generally inappropriate for the synthesis of high energy density, infrastructure compatible fuels, or other longer carbon chain lipid-based chemicals. Their short chain products are relatively low in value and they generally don't efficiently synthesize drop-in fuels such as diesel or jet fuel, or higher value lipid-based chemicals.
Furthermore the types of microorganisms used in current biological GTL technologies such as Clostridia have a relatively low tolerance for their short carbon chain gas fermentation products such as ethanol, butanol, or acetic acid, which limits titers and complicates product recovery, hurting the overall economics of the GTL process.
There is a need to identify a set of microorganisms that can grow in conventional and scalable contained reaction vessels and that produce commercially viable sets of organic carbon chains of at least eight carbon atoms long in a commercially feasible method. There is a need to identify microorganisms not limited metabolically by typically used carbon and energy inputs such as sugars, and a microorganism that can additionally utilize syngas, producer gas, as well as a wide array of abiotic sources of carbon and energy for the synthesis of drop-in fuels and chemicals, leading to a feedstock flexibility for the present technology that far exceeds comparable heterotrophic systems. There is a need to identify and use microorganisms that can utilize electron donors such as hydrogen, present in syngas, producer gas, as well as readily generated through a wide array of abiotic renewable energy technologies, for growth and carbon fixation.
The targeting of fatty acids produced through fatty acid biosynthesis to relatively shorter fatty acid chain lengths from C8-C14 has been achieved in heterotrophic microorganisms. This has been accomplished through the use of thioesterases to change populations of fatty acids C8-C14 and the over-expression of thioesterases to increase shorter chain length fatty acids. Examples in the prior art include C8-C14 thioesterase expression to produce shorter chain lengths in U.S. Pat. No. 7,883,882 Renewable chemical production from novel fatty acid feedstocks, Franklin et al. Solazyme, p. 58.
However there is a need to target the production of shorter chain length fatty acids in microorganisms that are capable of growing and producing lipids chemotrophically on syngas or H₂/CO₂gas mixes to enable microbial GTL production of lipids with targeted, mid-length carbon chains.
Dicarboxylic acids (Diacids) such as dodecanedoic acid (n=10) are used in production of nylon (nylon-6,12), polyamides, coatings, adhesives, greases, polyesters, dyes, detergents, flame retardants and fragrances. Diacids can be produced by fermentation of long-chain alkanes by candida tropicalis (Kroha K, Infom 2004, 15, 568). Traumatic acid, monounsaturated dodecanedoic acid (10E-dodeca-1,12-dicarboxylic acid) has been produced from plant tissues English J et al., Science 1939, 90, 329. Pyrococcus furiosus produces an array of dicarboxylic acids (Carballeira, 1997). The total amount of dicarboxylic acids comprises only 3.4% of the total, however, this could be boosted by various literature methods.
There is a need for a biological, non-heterotrophic means of producing diacids from low-cost or sustainable syngas feedstocks.
Nutritionally important n-3 fatty acids include α-linolenic acid (ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), all of which are polyunsaturated. N-3 fatty acids that are important in human physiology are α-linolenic acid (18:3, n-3; ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5, n-3; EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6, n-3; DHA). These three polyunsaturates have either 3, 5, or 6 double bonds in a carbon chain of 18, 20, or 22 carbon atoms, respectively. As with most naturally produced fatty acids, all double bonds are in the cis-configuration.
A fatty acid desaturase is an enzyme that removes two hydrogen atoms from a fatty acid, creating a carbon/carbon double bond. These desaturases are classified as delta—indicating that the double bond is created at a fixed position from the carboxyl group of a fatty acid (for example, Δ9 desaturase creates a double bond at the 9th position from the carboxyl end). omega (e.g. ω3desaturase)—indicating the double bond is created between the third and fourth carbon from the methyl end of the fatty acid. In the biosynthesis of essential fatty acids, an elongase alternates with different desaturases (for example, Δ6desaturase) repeatedly inserting an ethyl group, then forming a double bond.
Most polyunsaturated oils come from fish and there is a need for alternate, and particularly microbial sources of polyunsaturated fatty acids, given depleting fish stocks and increasing pollution in the oceans.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention allows microorganisms to be genetically engineered to convert CO₂gas and/or syngas and/or producer gas to higher value and/or more infrastructure compatible products than current biologically based syngas and/or CO₂conversion technologies. The present technology allows the development of new genetically enhanced strains of microorganisms that can be used for gas fermentation within biological gas-to-liquid (GTL) processes to produce and/or secrete drop-in liquid fuels directly from CO₂or from syngas, as well as various other relatively long chain organic compounds that are drop-in, and are currently only produced in bulk from petroleum or higher plants.
The present invention relates to the engineering of microorganisms, including but not limited to hydrogen oxidizing, carbon monoxide oxidizing, and knallgas microorganisms, with a natural capability to grow and synthesize biomass on gaseous carbon sources such as syngas and/or CO₂, such that the engineered microorganisms synthesize targeted products, including chemicals and fuels, under gas fermentation. The microorganisms and methods of the present invention enable low cost synthesis of chemicals and fuels, which can compete on price with petrochemicals and higher-plant derived oleochemicals, and which will generally have a substantially lower price than oleochemicals produced through heterotrophic or phototrophic synthesis.
The invention relates to a composition comprising a microorganism that converts syngas and/or gaseous CO₂and/or a mixture of CO₂gas and H₂gas into one or more lipids. In some embodiments, the composition comprises a microorganism, wherein the microorganism is a carbon monoxide-oxidizing microorganism. In some embodiments, the composition comprises a microorganism, wherein the microorganism is a knallgas microorganism. In some embodiments, the composition comprises a microorganism, wherein the microorganism is chosen from the genera Rhodococcus or Gordonia. In some embodiments, the composition comprises a microorganism, wherein the microorganism is Rhodococcus opacus. In some embodiments, the composition comprises a microorganism, wherein the microorganism is Rhodococcus opacus (DSM 43205) or Rhodococcus sp (DSM 3346). In some embodiments, the composition comprises a microorganism, wherein the microorganism is chosen from the genera Ralstonia or Cupriavidus. In some embodiments, the composition comprises a microorganism, wherein the microorganism is Cupriavidus necator.
In some embodiments, the composition comprises a microorganism wherein the microorganism can naturally grow on H₂/CO₂and/or syngas, and wherein the microorganism can naturally accumulate lipid to 50% or more of the cell biomass by weight. In some embodiments the microorganisms have a native ability to send a high flux of carbon down the fatty acid biosynthesis pathway. In some embodiments the microorganism exhibiting these traits is Rhodococcus opacus (DSM 43205 or DSM 43206).
In some embodiments, the composition comprises a microorganism that can naturally grow on H₂/CO₂and/or syngas, and wherein the microorganism can naturally accumulate polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) or polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) to 50% or more of the cell biomass by weight. In some embodiments the microorganisms have a native ability to direct a high flux of carbon through the acetyl-CoA metabolic intermediate, which can lead into fatty acid biosynthesis, along with a number of other synthetic pathways including PHA and PHB synthesis. A microorganism is considered to direct a high flux of carbon through acetyl-CoA if a product of a synthesis pathway going through the acetyl-CoA metabolic intermediate, including but not limited to polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) or polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), can represent 50% or more of the cell biomass by weight. In some embodiments the microorganism exhibiting these traits is Cupriavidus necator (DSM 531 or DSM 541).
In some embodiments, the invention relates to a non-naturally occurring microorganism capable of converting syngas or other gaseous carbon sources into targeted oleochemical and/or monomer products, where the wild-type microorganism is capable of growing on syngas or other gaseous carbon sources, but is either not capable of synthesizing said targeted oleochemical and/or monomer products, or is capable of synthesizing the targeted oleochemicals and/or monomers, but is not capable of synthesizing the targeted biochemical products at the concentration and/or efficiency of the non-natural microorganism. In such microorganisms, one or more proteins or enzymes are expressed in the microorganism, thereby modifying, extending, diverting, enhancing, promoting, or otherwise altering the lipid biosynthesis pathway or its regulation for the synthesis and/or enhanced synthesis of a targeted lipid-based product, oleochemical, monomer, or hydrocarbon.
In some embodiments, the invention relates to a non-naturally occurring microorganism capable of converting syngas or other gaseous carbon sources into targeted oleochemical and monomer products, where the wild-type microorganism is capable of growing on syngas or other gaseous carbon sources and is capable of synthesizing said targeted oleochemical and monomer products, but the non-naturally occurring microorganism is capable of synthesizing the targeted biochemical products at a higher concentration and/or efficiency than the wild-type microorganism due to the overexpression and/or underexpression of one or more proteins or enzymes.
In some embodiments, the invention relates to compositions comprising one or more bacterial cells that consist of one, two, or three exogenous nucleic acid sequences where said bacteria can grow using syngas and/or gaseous CO₂and/or a mixture of CO₂gas and H₂gas as a source of carbon and/or energy.
In some embodiments, the invention relates to compositions comprising one or more bacterial cells of Rhodococcus opacus (DSM 43205) that consist of zero, one, two, or three exogenous nucleic acid sequences.
In some embodiments one, two, or three exogenous nucleic acid sequences encode one or more thioesterase proteins.
In some embodiments one, two, or three exogenous nucleic acid sequences encode one or more CYP52A proteins.
In some embodiments one, two, or three exogenous nucleic acid sequences encode a CYP709C1 and/or a CYP81B1 protein.
In some embodiments the source of thioesterase is inherent to the production organisms. In some embodiments the source of thioesterase is Rhodococcus opacus B4. In some embodiments the thioesterase is derived from bacteria or plants other than the host microorganism.
In some embodiments, the invention relates to compositions comprising one or more bacterial cells that consist of two exogenous nucleic acid sequences that encode the following proteins: fatty acid acyl-ACP reductase, a fatty acid aldehyde decarbonylase, where said bacteria can grow using syngas and/or gaseous CO₂and/or a mixture of CO₂gas and H₂gas as a source of carbon and/or energy.
In some embodiments, the invention relates to compositions comprising one or more bacterial cells that consist of three exogenous nucleic acid sequences that encode the following proteins: fatty acid acyl-ACP reductase, a fatty acid aldehyde decarbonylase, and a thioesterase, where said bacteria can grow using syngas and/or gaseous CO₂and/or a mixture of CO₂gas and H₂gas as a source of carbon and/or energy.
In some embodiments, the bacterial cell produces and/or secretes one or more lipids in an amount that is greater than the amount of lipids produced and/or secreted by the same cell not comprising the exogenous nucleic acid sequence.
In some embodiments, the bacterial cell produces and/or secretes one or more lipids having a given carbon chain length, where the amount of said lipid produced and/or secreted is greater than the amount produced and/or secreted by the same cell not comprising the exogenous nucleic acid sequence.
In some embodiments, the bacterial cell produces and/or secretes one or more lipid molecules in an amount that is less than the amount of lipids produced and/or secreted by the same cell not comprising the exogenous nucleic acid sequence.
In some embodiments, the bacterial cell produces and/or secretes one or more hydrocarbons in an amount that is greater than the amount of hydrocarbons produced and/or secreted by the same cell not comprising the exogenous nucleic acid sequence.
In some embodiments, the bacterial cell produces and/or secretes one or more lipids or hydrocarbons in a ratio greater than the ratio of lipids or hydrocarbons produced and/or secreted by the same cell not comprising the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences. In some embodiments, the bacterial cell produces and/or secretes one or more lipids or hydrocarbons, wherein at least 50% of the one or more lipids or hydrocarbons have 8 to 18 carbon atoms. In some embodiments, the bacterial cell produces and/or secretes one or more lipids or hydrocarbons, wherein at least 60% of the one or more lipids or hydrocarbons have 8 to 18 carbon atoms. In some embodiments, the bacterial cell produces and/or secretes one or more lipids or hydrocarbons, wherein at least 70% of the one or more lipids or hydrocarbons have 8 to 18 carbon atoms. In some embodiments, the bacterial cell produces and/or secretes one or more lipids or hydrocarbons, wherein at least 75% of the one or more lipids or hydrocarbons have 8 to 18 carbon atoms. In some embodiments, the bacterial cell produces and/or secretes one or more lipids or hydrocarbons, wherein at least 80% of the one or more lipids or hydrocarbons have 8 to 18 carbon atoms.
In some embodiments, the bacterial cell or compositions comprising the bacterial cell comprise at least one exogenous nucleic acid sequence that is integrated into the genome of the cell.
In some embodiments, the invention relates to a composition comprising a microorganism that converts syngas and/or gaseous CO₂and/or a mixture of CO₂gas and H₂gas into one or more hydrocarbons including unsaturated hydrocarbons, wherein the microorganism comprises at least a first and a second exogenous nucleic acid sequence, wherein the first exogenous nucleic acid sequence encodes fatty acid acyl-ACP reductase and the second exogenous nucleic acid sequence encodes a fatty acid aldehyde decarbonylase. In some embodiments the microorganism is Rhodococcus opacus.
In some embodiments, the invention relates to a composition comprising a microorganism that converts syngas and/or gaseous CO₂and/or a mixture of CO₂gas and H₂gas into one or more hydrocarbons, wherein the microorganism comprises at least a first and a second exogenous nucleic acid sequence, wherein the first exogenous nucleic acid sequence encodes fatty acid acyl-ACP reductase and the second exogenous nucleic acid sequence encodes a fatty acid aldehyde decarbonylase, wherein the one or more hydrocarbons have a carbon chain length of at least 8 carbon atoms. In some embodiments, The invention relates to a composition comprising a microorganism that converts syngas and/or gaseous CO₂and/or a mixture of CO₂gas and H₂gas into one or more hydrocarbons, wherein the microorganism comprises at least a first and a second exogenous nucleic acid sequence, wherein the first exogenous nucleic acid sequence encodes fatty acid acyl-ACP reductase and the second exogenous nucleic acid sequence encodes a fatty acid aldehyde decarbonylase; wherein the one or more hydrocarbons comprise a mixture of hydrocarbon molecules having a carbon chain length from 8 carbon atoms to 18 carbon atoms. In some embodiments, the invention relates to a composition comprising a microorganism that converts syngas and/or gaseous CO₂and/or a mixture of CO₂gas and H₂gas into one or more lipids, wherein the microorganism comprises at least a first and a second exogenous nucleic acid sequence, wherein the first exogenous nucleic acid sequence encodes fatty acid acyl-ACP reductase and the second exogenous nucleic acid sequence encodes a fatty acid aldehyde decarbonylase; wherein the one or more lipids comprise a quantity of at least one alkane, alkene, alkyne, fatty alcohol, and/or fatty aldehyde at a level higher than the quantity of the alkane, alkene, alkyne, fatty alcohol, and or fatty aldehyde in the same microorganism not comprising the heterologous nucleic acid sequences. In some embodiments, the invention relates to a composition comprising a microorganism that converts syngas and/or gaseous CO₂and/or a mixture of CO₂gas and H₂gas into one or more lipids, wherein the microorganism comprises at least a first and a second exogenous nucleic acid sequence, wherein the first exogenous nucleic acid sequence encodes fatty acid acyl-ACP reductase and the second exogenous nucleic acid sequence encodes a fatty acid aldehyde decarbonylase; wherein the microorganism produces and/or secretes at least 10% of one or more lipids by weight.
In some embodiments, the invention relates to a composition comprising a microorganism that converts syngas and/or gaseous CO₂and/or a mixture of CO₂gas and H₂gas into one or more lipids, wherein the microorganism comprises at least a first and a second exogenous nucleic acid sequence, wherein the first exogenous nucleic acid sequence encodes fatty acid acyl-ACP reductase and the second exogenous nucleic acid sequence encodes a fatty acid aldehyde decarbonylase; wherein the microorganism produces and/or secretes at least 20% of one or more lipids by weight.
In some embodiments, the invention relates to a composition comprising a microorganism that converts syngas and/or gaseous CO₂and/or a mixture of CO₂gas and H₂gas into one or more lipids, wherein the microorganism comprises at least a first and a second exogenous nucleic acid sequence, wherein the first exogenous nucleic acid sequence encodes fatty acid acyl-ACP reductase and the second exogenous nucleic acid sequence encodes a fatty acid aldehyde decarbonylase; wherein the microorganism produces and/or secretes at least 30% of one or more lipids by weight.
In some embodiments, the invention relates to a composition comprising a microorganism that converts syngas and/or gaseous CO₂and/or a mixture of CO₂gas and H₂gas into one or more lipids, wherein the microorganism comprises at least a first and a second exogenous nucleic acid sequence, wherein the first exogenous nucleic acid sequence encodes fatty acid acyl-ACP reductase and the second exogenous nucleic acid sequence encodes a fatty acid aldehyde decarbonylase; wherein the microorganism produces and/or secretes at least 40% of one or more lipids by weight.
In some embodiments, the invention relates to a composition comprising a microorganism that converts syngas and/or gaseous CO₂and/or a mixture of CO₂gas and H₂gas into one or more lipids, wherein the microorganism comprises at least a first and a second exogenous nucleic acid sequence, wherein the first exogenous nucleic acid sequence encodes fatty acid acyl-ACP reductase and the second exogenous nucleic acid sequence encodes a fatty acid aldehyde decarbonylase; wherein the microorganism produces and/or secretes at least 50% of one or more lipids by weight.
In some embodiments, the invention relates to a composition comprising a microorganism that converts syngas and/or gaseous CO₂and/or a mixture of CO₂gas and H₂gas into one or more lipids, wherein the microorganism comprises at least a first and a second exogenous nucleic acid sequence, wherein the first exogenous nucleic acid sequence encodes fatty acid acyl-ACP reductase and the second exogenous nucleic acid sequence encodes a fatty acid aldehyde decarbonylase; wherein the microorganism produces and/or secretes at least 60% of one or more lipids by weight. In some embodiments, the invention relates to a composition comprising a microorganism that converts syngas and/or gaseous CO₂and/or a mixture of CO₂gas and H₂gas into one or more lipids, wherein the microorganism comprises at least a first and a second exogenous nucleic acid sequence, wherein the first exogenous nucleic acid sequence encodes fatty acid acyl-ACP reductase and the second exogenous nucleic acid sequence encodes a fatty acid aldehyde decarbonylase; wherein the microorganism produces and/or secretes at least 70% of one or more hydrocarbons by weight.
In some embodiments, the invention relates to a composition comprising a microorganism that converts syngas and/or gaseous CO₂and/or a mixture of CO₂gas and H₂gas into one or more lipids, wherein the microorganism comprises at least a first and a second exogenous nucleic acid sequence, wherein the first exogenous nucleic acid sequence encodes fatty acid acyl-ACP reductase and the second exogenous nucleic acid sequence encodes a fatty acid aldehyde decarbonylase; wherein the microorganism produces and/or secretes at least 75% of one or more lipids by weight. In some embodiments, the invention relates to a composition comprising a microorganism that converts syngas and/or gaseous CO₂and/or a mixture of CO₂gas and H₂gas into one or more lipids, wherein the microorganism comprises at least a first and a second exogenous nucleic acid sequence, wherein the first exogenous nucleic acid sequence encodes fatty acid acyl-ACP reductase and the second exogenous nucleic acid sequence encodes a fatty acid aldehyde decarbonylase; wherein the microorganism produces and/or secretes at least 80% of one or more lipids by weight.
In some embodiments, the invention relates to a composition comprising a microorganism that converts syngas and/or gaseous CO₂and/or a mixture of CO₂gas and H₂gas into one or more lipids, wherein the microorganism comprises at least a first and a second exogenous nucleic acid sequence, wherein the first exogenous nucleic acid sequence encodes fatty acid acyl-ACP reductase and the second exogenous nucleic acid sequence encodes a fatty acid aldehyde decarbonylase; wherein the microorganism produces and/or secretes at least 85% of one or more lipids by weight. In some embodiments, the invention relates to a composition comprising a microorganism that converts syngas and/or gaseous CO₂and/or a mixture of CO₂gas and H₂gas into one or more hydrocarbons, wherein the microorganism comprises at least a first and a second exogenous nucleic acid sequence, wherein the first exogenous nucleic acid sequence encodes fatty acid acyl-ACP reductase and the second exogenous nucleic acid sequence encodes a fatty acid aldehyde decarbonylase; wherein less than 10% by weight of the hydrocarbons produced is methane. In some embodiments, the invention relates to a composition comprising a microorganism that converts syngas and/or gaseous CO₂and/or a mixture of CO₂gas and H₂gas into one or more organic compounds, wherein the microorganism comprises at least a first and a second exogenous nucleic acid sequence, wherein the first exogenous nucleic acid sequence encodes fatty acid acyl-ACP reductase and the second exogenous nucleic acid sequence encodes a fatty acid aldehyde decarbonylase; wherein less than 10% by weight of the organic compounds produced are organic acids with carbon chain length of four carbons or less.
In some embodiments, the invention relates to a composition comprising a microorganism that converts syngas and/or gaseous CO₂and/or a mixture of CO₂gas and H₂gas into one or more lipids or hydrocarbons, wherein the microorganism comprises at least a first and a second exogenous nucleic acid sequence, wherein the first exogenous nucleic acid sequence encodes fatty acid acyl-ACP reductase and the second exogenous nucleic acid sequence encodes a fatty acid aldehyde decarbonylase; wherein at least one lipid produced is a component or a precursor of a component of jet fuel, diesel fuel, or biodiesel fuel.
In some embodiments, the invention relates to a composition comprising a microorganism that converts syngas and/or gaseous CO₂and/or a mixture of CO₂gas and H₂gas into one or more hydrocarbons, wherein the microorganism comprises at least a first and a second exogenous nucleic acid sequence, wherein the first exogenous nucleic acid sequence encodes fatty acid acyl-ACP reductase and the second exogenous nucleic acid sequence encodes a fatty acid aldehyde decarbonylase; wherein the hydrocarbons produced comprise a mixture of at least two hydrocarbons having a carbon backbone from 8 to 18 carbon atoms.
The present invention also relates to a bacterial cell comprising at least two exogenous nucleic acid sequences, wherein the at least two exogenous nucleic acid sequences encode fatty acid acyl-ACP reductase and fatty acid aldehyde decarbonylase, and wherein the cell converts gaseous CO₂and/or gaseous H₂and/or syngas into lipids. In some embodiments, the invention relates to a bacterial cell comprising at least two exogenous nucleic acid sequences, wherein the at least two exogenous nucleic acid sequences encode fatty acid acyl-ACP reductase and fatty acid aldehyde decarbonylase, and wherein the cell converts gaseous CO₂and/or gaseous H₂and/or syngas into lipid; wherein the cell produces and/or secretes at least 75% of one or more hydrocarbons by weight. In some embodiments, the invention relates to a bacterial cell comprising at least two exogenous nucleic acid sequences, wherein the at least two exogenous nucleic acid sequences encode fatty acid acyl-ACP reductase and fatty acid aldehyde decarbonylase, and wherein the cell converts gaseous CO₂and/or gaseous H₂and/or syngas into lipid; wherein the cell produces and/or secretes at least 75% of one or more hydrocarbons by weight when cultured at least 42 degrees Celsius for at least 1 hour. In some embodiments, the bacterial cell is cultured without exposure to light.
In some embodiments, the invention relates to a bacterial cell comprising at least two exogenous nucleic acid sequences, wherein the at least two exogenous nucleic acid sequences encode fatty acid acyl-ACP reductase and fatty acid aldehyde decarbonylase, and wherein the cell converts gaseous CO₂and/or gaseous H₂and/or syngas into a hydrocarbon or mixture of hydrocarbons, and/or other lipids; wherein the cell is a strain of Rhodococcus opacus.
In some embodiments, the invention relates to a bacterial cell comprising at least two exogenous nucleic acid sequences, wherein the at least two exogenous nucleic acid sequences encode fatty acid aldehyde acyl-ACP and fatty acid aldehyde decarbonylase, and wherein the cell converts gaseous CO₂and/or gaseous H₂and/or syngas into a hydrocarbon or mixture of hydrocarbons, and/or other lipids; wherein the cell is a strain of Cupriavidus necator.
In some embodiments, the invention relates to a bacterial cell comprising a first, a second, and a third exogenous nucleic acid sequence, wherein the first exogenous nucleic acid sequence encodes fatty acid acyl-ACP reductase, the second exogenous nucleic acid sequence encodes a fatty acid aldehyde decarbonylase, and the third exogenous nucleic acid sequence encodes a thioesterase; and wherein the cell converts gaseous CO₂and/or gaseous H₂and/or syngas into a lipid or mixture of lipids. In some embodiments, the bacterial cell comprises no more than eight exogenous nucleic acids that encode a lipid pathway enzyme. In some embodiments, the bacterial cell comprises no more than seven exogenous nucleic acids that encode a lipid pathway enzyme. In some embodiments, the bacterial cell comprises no more than six exogenous nucleic acids that encode a lipid pathway enzyme. In some embodiments, the bacterial cell comprises no more than five exogenous nucleic acids that encode a lipid pathway enzyme. In some embodiments, the bacterial cell comprises no more than four exogenous nucleic acids that encode a lipid pathway enzyme. In some embodiments, the bacterial cell comprises no more than three exogenous nucleic acids that encode a lipid pathway enzyme. In some embodiments, the bacterial cell comprises no more than two exogenous nucleic acids that encode a lipid pathway enzyme. In some embodiments, the bacterial cell comprises no more than one exogenous nucleic acid that encodes a lipid pathway enzyme. In some embodiments, the bacterial cell comprises no more than eight exogenous nucleic acids that encode a protein. In some embodiments, the bacterial cell comprises no more than seven exogenous nucleic acids that encode a protein. In some embodiments, the bacterial cell comprises no more than six exogenous nucleic acids that encode a protein. In some embodiments, the bacterial cell comprises no more than five exogenous nucleic acids that encode a protein. In some embodiments, the bacterial cell comprises no more than four exogenous nucleic acids that encode a protein. In some embodiments, the bacterial cell comprises no more than three exogenous nucleic acids that encode a protein. In some embodiments, the bacterial cell comprises no more than two exogenous nucleic acids that encode a protein. In some embodiments, the bacterial cell comprises no more than one exogenous nucleic acid that encodes a protein.
In some embodiments the invention relates to a method of producing a lipid or mixture of lipids in a microorganism population comprising the cell or the composition described herein, wherein the method comprises: culturing a population of microorganisms comprising the cell or the composition described herein in a feedstock comprising syngas and/or gaseous CO₂and/or a mixture of CO₂gas and H₂gas.
In some embodiments, the invention relates to a method of producing a lipid or mixture of lipids, wherein the method comprises: culturing a population of bacterial cells comprising the cell or the composition described herein in a feedstock comprising syngas and/or gaseous CO₂and/or a mixture of CO₂gas and H₂gas. In some embodiments, the microorganism population comprises a bacterial strain of Rhodococcus opacus. In some embodiments, the microorganism population comprises a bacterial strain of Rhodococcus opacus (DSM 43205 or 43206).
In some embodiments, the invention relates to a method of producing a lipid or mixture of lipids, wherein the method comprises: culturing a population of bacterial cells comprising the cell or the composition described herein in a feedstock comprising methanol, a common impurity of syngas, with or without the addition of syngas and/or gaseous CO₂and/or a mixture of CO₂gas and H₂gas. In some embodiments, the microorganism population comprises a bacterial strain of Rhodococcus opacus. In some embodiments, the microorganism population comprises a bacterial strain of Rhodococcus opacus (DSM 43205).
In some embodiments, the invention relates to a method of producing a lipid or mixture of lipids, wherein the method comprises: culturing a population of bacterial cells comprising the cell or the composition described herein in a feedstock comprising syngas and/or gaseous CO₂and/or a mixture of CO₂gas and H₂gas. In some embodiments, the microorganism population comprises a bacterial strain of Cupriavidus necator.
In some embodiments, the molecule produced is one or more alkane, alkene, alkyne, fatty alcohol, and/or fatty aldehyde. In some embodiments, the method produces a lipid or mixture of lipids at a quantity higher than the quantity of lipid or mixture of lipids in the same bacterial cell population not comprising the exogenous nucleic acids described herein. In some embodiments the one or more lipids comprise a quantity of at least one alkane, alkene, alkyne, fatty alcohol, and/or fatty aldehyde at a level higher than the quantity of the alkane, alkene, alkyne, fatty alcohol, and or fatty aldehyde in the same microorganism not comprising the exogenous nucleic acid sequences. In some embodiments, the method comprises a population of microorganisms or bacterial cell described herein that produces and/or secretes lipids of a weight equal to or greater than 10% of the total percentage of cellular dry matter. In some embodiment, the method comprises a population of microorganisms or bacterial cell described herein that produces and/or secretes lipids of a weight equal to or greater than 20% of the total percentage of cellular dry matter. In some embodiment, the method comprises a population of microorganisms or bacterial cell described herein that produces and/or secretes lipids of a weight equal to or greater than 30% of the total percentage of cellular dry matter. In some embodiments, the method comprises a population of microorganisms or bacterial cell described herein that produces and/or secretes lipids of a weight equal to or greater than 40% of the total percentage of cellular dry matter. In some embodiment, the method comprises a population of microorganisms or bacterial cell described herein that produces and/or secretes lipids of a weight equal to or greater than 50% of the total percentage of cellular dry matter. In some embodiments, the method comprises a population of microorganisms or bacterial cells described herein that produces and/or secretes lipids of a weight equal to or greater than 60% of the total percentage of cellular dry matter. In some embodiments, the method comprises a population of microorganisms or bacterial cells described herein that produces and/or secretes lipids of a weight equal to or greater than 70% of the total percentage of cellular dry matter. In some embodiments, the method comprises a population of microorganisms or bacterial cell described herein that produces of secretes lipids of a weight equal to or greater than 75% of the total percentage of cellular dry matter. In some embodiment, the method comprises a population of microorganisms or bacterial cell described herein that produces of secretes lipids of a weight equal to or greater than 80% of the total percentage of cellular dry matter. In some embodiments, the method comprises a population of microorganisms or bacterial cell described herein that produces of secretes lipids of a weight equal to or greater than 85% of the total percentage of cellular dry matter. In some embodiments, the bacterial cell or composition comprising the bacterial cell produces and/or secretes at least 10% of the total percentage of the cellular dry matter or 10% by weight. In some embodiment, the method comprises a population of microorganisms comprising a bacterial cell described herein that produces or secretes lipids, wherein at least 5% of the lipids have carbon backbones from 8 to 18 carbon atoms in length. In some embodiment, the method comprises a population of microorganisms comprising a bacterial cell described herein that produces or secretes lipids, wherein at least 10% of the lipids have carbon backbones from 8 to 18 carbon atoms in length. In some embodiments, the method comprises a population of microorganisms comprising a bacterial cell described herein that produces or secretes lipids, wherein at least 15% of the lipids have carbon backbones from 8 to 18 carbon atoms in length. In some embodiments, the method comprises a population of microorganisms comprising a bacterial cell described herein that produces or secretes lipids, wherein at least 20% of the lipids have carbon backbones from 8 to 18 carbon atoms in length.
In some embodiments, the molecule is chosen from one or more alkene, alkyne, unsaturated fatty acid, hydroxyacid and/or dicarboxylic acid (diacid). In some embodiments the one or more lipids comprise a quantity of at least one alkene, alkyne, unsaturated fatty acid, hydroxyacid and/or diacid at a level higher than the quantity of the alkene, alkyne, unsaturated fatty acid, hydroxyacid and/or diacid in the same microorganism not comprising the exogenous nucleic acid sequences.
In some embodiments of the invention, the invention relates to a method of producing and/or secreting a lipid or mixture of lipids by culturing a population of microorganisms comprising a bacterial cell described herein, wherein the exogenous nucleic acid sequences are operably linked to a promoter that is inducible in response to a first stimulus, and wherein the method further comprises: culturing the population of bacterial cells for a first period of time in the presence of a first stimulus to produce one or more lipids chosen from an alkane, alkene, alkyne, fatty acid, unsaturated fatty acid, diacid, hydroxy acid, alcohol, and/or fatty acid aldehyde.
In some embodiments of the invention, the invention relates to a method of fixing carbon from a gaseous feedstock containing carbonaceous molecules, wherein the method comprises the step of exposing a composition comprising exposing a bacterial cell to syngas and/or gaseous CO₂and/or gaseous H₂; wherein the bacterial cell comprises at least one exogenous nucleic acid sequence. In some embodiments the exogenous nucleic acid sequences are fatty acid acyl-ACP reductase or a fatty acid aldehyde decarbonylase. In some embodiments of the method, the bacterial cell comprises at least a first and a second exogenous nucleic acid sequence, wherein the first exogenous nucleic acid sequence encodes a fatty acid acyl-ACP reductase and the second exogenous nucleic acid sequence encodes a fatty acid aldehyde decarbonylase. In some embodiments, the bacterial cell is Rhodococcus opacus or the population of microorganisms comprises a Rhodococcus cell. In some embodiments, the bacterial cell is Cupriavidus necator or the population of microorganisms comprises a Cupriavidus cell. In some embodiments, the bacterial cell comprises at least a first, a second, and a third exogenous nucleic acid sequence, wherein the first exogenous nucleic acid sequence encodes a fatty acid acyl-ACP reductase, the second exogenous nucleic acid sequence encodes a fatty acid aldehyde decarbonylase, and the third exogenous nucleic acid sequence encodes a thioesterase. In some embodiments, the bacterial cell comprises at least a first exogenous nucleic acid sequence, wherein the first exogenous nucleic acid sequence encodes a thioesterase. In some embodiments, the bacterial cell comprises no more than five exogenous nucleic acid sequences that encode a lipid pathway enzyme. In some embodiments, the composition comprises a microorganism, wherein the microorganism is Rhodococcus opacus (DSM 43205 or 43206) or Rhodococcus sp (DSM 3346). In some embodiments, the composition comprises a microorganism, wherein the microorganism is chosen from the genera Ralstonia or Cupriavidus. In some embodiments, the composition comprises a microorganism, wherein the microorganism is Cupriavidus necator. In some embodiments the microorganism is from the suborder corynebacterineae or the family burkholderiaceae. In some embodiments the microorganism through its native machinery produces a complement of fatty acids described in the Fatty Acid Output section below. In some embodiments, the bacterial cell comprises at least a first and a second exogenous nucleic acid sequence but no more than five exogenous nucleic acid sequences, wherein the first exogenous nucleic acid sequence encodes fatty acid acyl-ACP reductase and the second exogenous nucleic acid sequence encodes a fatty acid aldehyde decarbonylase.
In some embodiments, the invention relates to a method of producing one or more hydroxyacid, diacid, or unsaturated fatty acid, alcohols, fatty acid aldehydes, alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, or any combination thereof comprising exposing a bacterial cell to syngas and/or gaseous CO₂or a mixture of gaseous CO₂and gaseous H₂; wherein the bacterial cell is capable of fixing gaseous CO₂into one or more fatty acid alcohols, alkanes, alkenes, or alkynes and wherein the microorganism comprises at least a first exogenous nucleic acid and a second exogenous nucleic acid, wherein the first exogenous nucleic acid encodes fatty acid acyl-ACP reductase and the second exogenous nucleic acid encodes fatty acid aldehyde decarbonylase. In some embodiments, the first and second exogenous nucleic acids are heterologous nucleic acid sequences. In some embodiments, the bacterial cell comprises at least a first, a second, and a third exogenous nucleic acid sequence, wherein the first exogenous nucleic acid sequence encodes a fatty acid acyl-ACP reductase, the second exogenous nucleic acid sequence encodes a fatty acid aldehyde decarbonylase, and the third exogenous nucleic acid sequence encodes a thioesterase. In some embodiments, the bacterial cell comprises at least a first exogenous nucleic acid sequence, wherein the first exogenous nucleic acid sequence encodes a thioesterase. In some embodiments, the composition comprises a bacterial cell, wherein the bacteria is Rhodococcus opacus (DSM 43205 or 43206) or Rhodococcus sp (DSM 3346). In some embodiments, the bacterial cell is chosen from the genera Ralstonia or Cupriavidus. In some embodiments, the bacterial cell is Cupriavidus necator. In some embodiments the bacterial cell is from the suborder corynebacterineae or the family burkholderiaceae. In some embodiments the bacterial cell through its native machinery produces a complement of fatty acids described in the Fatty Acid Output section below.
In some embodiments, the invention relates to a method of producing one or more unsaturated fatty acids, comprising exposing a bacterial cell to syngas and/or gaseous CO2 or a mixture of gaseous CO₂and gaseous H₂; wherein the bacterial cell is capable of fixing gaseous CO₂into one or more unsaturated fatty acids and wherein the microorganism comprises at least a first exogenous nucleic acid, wherein the first exogenous nucleic acid encodes a desaturase that introduces double bonds to fatty acids. In some embodiments, the first exogenous nucleic acids is a heterologous nucleic acid sequence. In some embodiments, the bacterial cell comprises at least a first, and a second exogenous nucleic acid sequence, wherein the first exogenous nucleic acid sequence encodes a desaturase, the second exogenous nucleic acid sequence encodes a thioesterase. In some embodiments, the composition the bacterial cell comprises a microorganism, wherein the microorganism is Rhodococcus opacus (DSM 43205 or 43206) or Rhodococcus sp (DSM 3346). In some embodiments, the composition comprises a microorganism, wherein the microorganism is chosen from the genera Ralstonia or Cupriavidus. In some embodiments, the composition comprises a microorganism, wherein the microorganism is Cupriavidus necator. In some embodiments the microorganism is from the suborder corynebacterineae or the family burkholderiaceae. In some embodiments the microorganism through its native machinery produces a complement of fatty acids described in the Fatty Acid Output section below. In some embodiments, the invention relates to a method of producing one or more hydroxy fatty acids (hydroxy acids), comprising exposing a bacterial cell to syngas and/or gaseous CO₂or a mixture of gaseous CO₂and gaseous H₂; wherein the bacterial cell is capable of fixing gaseous CO₂into one or more hydroxy acids and wherein the microorganism comprises at least a first exogenous nucleic acid, wherein the first exogenous nucleic acid encodes a P450-dependent fatty acid hydroxylase that introduces hydroxyl groups at positions along the fatty acid chain. In some embodiments, the first exogenous nucleic acids is a heterologous nucleic acid sequence. In some embodiments, the bacterial cell comprises at least a first, and a second exogenous nucleic acid sequence, wherein the first exogenous nucleic acid sequence encodes a P450-dependent fatty acid hydroxylase, the second exogenous nucleic acid sequence encodes a thioesterase. In some embodiments, the composition comprises a microorganism, wherein the microorganism is Rhodococcus opacus (DSM 43205 or 43206) or Rhodococcus sp (DSM 3346). In some embodiments, the composition comprises a microorganism, wherein the microorganism is chosen from the genera Ralstonia or Cupriavidus. In some embodiments, the composition comprises a microorganism, wherein the microorganism is Cupriavidus necator. In some embodiments the microorganism is from the suborder corynebacterineae or the family burkholderiaceae. In some embodiments the microorganism through its native machinery produces a complement of fatty acids described in the Fatty Acid Output section below.
In some embodiments, the invention relates to a method of producing one or more hydroxyacid, diacid, or unsaturated fatty acid, alcohols, fatty acid aldehydes, alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, or any combination thereof comprising exposing a bacterial cell to syngas and/or gaseous CO₂or a mixture of gaseous CO₂and gaseous H₂; wherein the bacterial cell is capable of fixing gaseous CO₂into one or more lipids; wherein the lipids are recovered from the bioreactor and fed to a second bioreactor wherein the lipids are postprocessed to generate hydroxyacid, diacid, and/or unsaturated fatty acids via a second microorganism such as but not limited to Candida tropicalis.
In some embodiments, the invention relates to a method of manufacturing one or more lipids, comprising (a) culturing a cell described herein in a reaction vessel or bioreactor in the presence of syngas and/or gaseous CO₂or a mixture of gaseous CO₂and gaseous H₂, wherein the cell produces and/or secretes one or more lipids in an quantity equal to or greater than at least 10% of the cell's total dry cellular mass; and (b) separating the one or more lipids from reaction vessel. In some embodiments, the method further comprises purifying the one or more lipids after separation from the reaction vessel or bioreactor.
In some embodiments, the one or more lipids is a component of or a precursor to a component of jet fuel, diesel fuel, or biodiesel fuel.
In some embodiments, the invention relates to a method of producing a alkene, fatty alcohol, alkyne, or alkane in a bacterial cell comprising at least a first and a second exogenous nucleic acid sequence, wherein the first exogenous nucleic acid sequence encodes a fatty acid acyl-ACP reductase and the second exogenous nucleic acid encodes a fatty acid aldehyde decarbonylase.
In some embodiments, the bacterial cell producing a alkene, fatty alcohol, alkyne, or alkane comprises at least a first, a second, and a third exogenous nucleic acid sequences, wherein the first exogenous nucleic acid sequence encodes a fatty acid acyl-ACP reductase and the second exogenous nucleic acid encodes a fatty acid aldehyde decarbonylase, and the third exogenous nucleic acid encodes a thioesterase.
In some embodiments, the invention relates to a method of producing cycloalkanes in a bacterial cell comprising at least a first exogenous nucleic acid sequence, wherein the first exogenous nucleic acid sequence encodes a fatty acyl-CoA reductase. In some embodiments the cycloalkane is cyclotetradecane. In some embodiments, the bacterial cell is Cupriavidus necator or the population of microorganisms comprises a Cupriavidus cell. In some embodiments the nucleic acid sequence comprises or consists of SEQ ID NO:5 and/or SEQ ID NO: 6. In some embodiments the nucleic acid sequence has at least 50, 60, 70, 75, 80, 85, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98 or 99% nucleotide homology to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 5 or 6.
In some embodiments, the invention relates to a bioreactor comprising the composition or bacterial cells described herein.
In some embodiments, the invention relates to a system for the production of one or more lipids or mixture of lipids, comprising a bioreactor, which comprises: (a) a microorganism population comprising a cell described herein; and (b) an inlet connected to a feedstock source allowing delivery of a feedstock comprising syngas and/or gaseous CO₂or a mixture of gaseous CO₂and gaseous H₂. In some embodiments, the lipid or mixture of lipids comprise at least one component of or one precursor to a component of jet fuel, diesel fuel, or biodiesel fuel.
In some embodiments, the invention relates to the population of fatty acids being modified to produce molecules of desired carbon chain length by incorporation of one or more thioesterases.
In some embodiments, the invention relates to the population of fatty acids being modified to add additional carboxylic acid (—COOH) groups using exogenous enzymes.
In some embodiments, the invention relates to the population of fatty acids being modified to add hydroxyl groups (—OH) using the exogenous enzymes (hydroxylases).
In some embodiments, the invention relates to the population of fatty acids being modified to add desaturation through the incorporation of one or more double bonds, using the exogenous enzymes (desaturases).
In some embodiments, the invention relates to a method for generating hydroxylated fatty acids in microbes through the transfer of enzymes that are known to hydroxylate fatty acids in plants or microbes into microorganisms where the enzyme is not native.
In some embodiments, the invention relates to a microorganism comprising at least a first exogenous nucleic acid sequence wherein the microorganism converts gaseous CO2 and/or gaseous H2 and/or syngas into one or more hydroxylated fatty acids. In some embodiments, the invention further provides a composition wherein the first exogenous nucleic acid sequence encodes a hydroxylating enzyme. In some embodiments, the invention further comprises a second exogenous nucleic acid sequence encoding a thioesterase enzyme. In some embodiments, the invention further provides a composition wherein the microorganism is the genera Rhodococcus or Gordonia. In some embodiments, the invention further provides a composition wherein the microorganism is Rhodococcus opacus. In some embodiments, the invention further provides a composition wherein the microorganism is Rhodococcus opacus (DSM 43205) or Rhodococcus opacus (DSM 43206) or Rhodococcus opacus (DSM 44193). In some embodiments, the invention further provides a composition wherein the microorganism is of the family Burkholderiaceae. In some embodiments, the invention further provides a composition wherein the microorganism is Cupriavidus necator. In some embodiments, the invention further provides a composition wherein the microorganism is Cupriavidus metallidurans. In some embodiments, the invention further provides a composition wherein the microorganism is a knallgas microorganism, also known as an oxyhydrogen microorganism. In some embodiments, the invention further provides a composition wherein the microorganism is a chemoautotrophic microbe. In some embodiments, the invention further provides a composition wherein the wild-type or mutant of the microorganism naturally has a capability for accumulating and/or synthesizing high quantities of triacylglycerol where a high quantity is considered to be 10% or more of the dry cell mass; 20% or more of the dry cell mass; 30% or more of the dry cell mass; 40% or more of the dry cell mass; 50% or more of the dry cell mass; 60% or more of the dry cell mass; 70% or more of the dry cell mass. In some embodiments, the invention further provides a composition wherein the microorganism is a hydrogen-oxidizing chemoautotroph. In some embodiments, the invention further provides a composition wherein the microorganism is capable of growing on syngas as the sole energy and carbon source. In some embodiments, the invention further provides a composition wherein the microorganism is capable of growing on untreated crude glycerol as the sole energy and carbon source.
In some embodiments, the invention relates to a method for producing hydroxylated fatty acids wherein the method comprises culturing an engineered microorganism or a natural strain in a bioreactor or solution with a feedstock comprising syngas and/or gaseous CO2 and/or a mixture of CO2 gas and H2 gas. In some embodiments, the invention further provides a step of up-regulating an endogenous or exogenous thioesterase gene of the microorganism. In some embodiments, the invention further provides a step of down-regulating an endogenous or exogenous thioesterase gene of the microorganism. In some embodiments, the invention further provides a step of down-regulating an endogenous or exogenous acyl carrier protein gene of the microorganism.
In some embodiments, the invention relates to a microorganism comprising at least a first exogenous nucleic acid sequence wherein the microorganism converts gaseous CO₂and/or gaseous H₂and/or syngas into one or more shorter-chain fatty acids. In some embodiments, the invention further provides a composition wherein the first exogenous nucleic acid sequence encodes a fatty acyl-CoA binding protein. In some embodiments, the invention further comprises a second exogenous nucleic acid sequence encoding a thioesterase enzyme. In some embodiments, the invention further provides a composition wherein the microorganism is the genera Rhodococcus or Gordonia. In some embodiments, the invention further provides a composition wherein the microorganism is Rhodococcus opacus. In some embodiments, the invention further provides a composition wherein the microorganism is Rhodococcus opacus (DSM 43205) or Rhodococcus opacus (DSM 43206) or Rhodococcus opacus (DSM 44193). In some embodiments, the invention further provides a composition wherein the microorganism is of the family Burkholderiaceae. In some embodiments, the invention further provides a composition wherein the microorganism is Cupriavidus necator. In some embodiments, the invention further provides a composition wherein the microorganism is Cupriavidus metallidurans. In some embodiments, the invention further provides a composition wherein the microorganism is a knallgas microorganism, also known as an oxyhydrogen microorganism. In some embodiments, the invention further provides a composition wherein the microorganism is a chemoautotrophic microbe. In some embodiments, the invention further provides a composition wherein the wild-type or mutant of the microorganism naturally has a capability for accumulating and/or synthesizing high quantities of triacylglycerol where a high quantity is considered to be 10% or more of the dry cell mass; 20% or more of the dry cell mass; 30% or more of the dry cell mass; 40% or more of the dry cell mass; 50% or more of the dry cell mass; 60% or more of the dry cell mass; 70% or more of the dry cell mass. In some embodiments, the invention further provides a composition wherein the microorganism is a hydrogen-oxidizing chemoautotroph. In some embodiments, the invention further provides a composition wherein the microorganism is capable of growing on syngas as the sole energy and carbon source. In some embodiments, the invention further provides a composition wherein the microorganism is capable of growing on untreated crude glycerol as the sole energy and carbon source.
In some embodiments, the invention relates to a method for producing shorter-chain fatty acids wherein the method comprises culturing an engineered microorganism or a natural strain in a bioreactor or solution with a feedstock comprising syngas and/or gaseous CO₂and/or a mixture of CO₂gas and H₂gas. In some embodiments, the invention further provides a step of enhancing expression of enzymes through heat. In some embodiments, the invention further provides a step of up-regulating an endogenous or exogenous thioesterase gene of the microorganism. In some embodiments, the invention further provides a step of down-regulating an endogenous or exogenous thioesterase gene of the microorganism. In some embodiments, the invention further provides a step of down-regulating an endogenous or exogenous acyl carrier protein gene of the microorganism.
In one embodiment, the instant invention provides a method of producing butanediol, or other biochemical precursors to butanediol by microbial fermentation under microaerophilic or anaerobic conditions, including: supplying an inorganic substrate as a primary source of metabolic energy, fermentation in a bioreactor containing a culture of microorganisms utilizing an inorganic substrate as a primary source of metabolic energy and carbon dioxide or other inorganic carbon as the primary source of carbon. In some embodiments, the invention further provides a method wherein the inorganic substrate comprises hydrogen (H2). In some embodiments, the invention further provides a method wherein the butanediol product is 2,3 butanediol, 1,4 butanediol, and/or 1,3 butanediol. In some embodiments, the invention further provides a method wherein the level of hydrogen is supplied at such a level such that butanediol is produced. In some embodiments, the invention further provides a method wherein the level of CO₂is supplied at a level such that butanediol is produced. In some embodiments, the invention further provides a method wherein the culture is propagated in the bioreactor in which oxygen is introduced at a certain flow rate, and the oxygen level is subsequently changed to a lower flow rate, and the oxygen level is subsequently changed to a lower flow rate such that butanediol is produced at enchanted levels. In some embodiments, the invention further provides a method wherein the electron donors include but are not limited to one or more of the following reducing agents: ammonia; ammonium; carbon monoxide; dithionite; elemental sulfur; hydrogen; metabisulfites; nitric oxide; nitrites; sulfates such as thiosulfates including but not limited to sodium thiosulfate (Na₂S₂O₃) or calcium thiosulfate (CaS₂O₃); sulfides such as hydrogen sulfide; sulfites; thionate; thionite. In some embodiments, the invention further provides a method wherein the primary fermentation microbe is of the genera Rhodococcus or Gordonia. In some embodiments, the invention further provides a method wherein the primary fermentation microbe is the species Rhodococcus sp. DSM 3346 or DSM364. In some embodiments, the invention further provides a method wherein the primary fermentation microbe is a Rhodococcus opacus. In some embodiments, the invention further provides a method wherein the primary fermentation microbe is a Rhodococcus opacus (DSM 43205) or a Rhodococcus opacus (DSM 43206) or a Rhodococcus opacus (DSM 44193). In some embodiments, the invention further provides a method wherein the primary fermentation microbe is of the family Burkholderiaceae. In some embodiments, the invention further provides a method wherein the primary fermentation microbe is Cupriavidus necator. In some embodiments, the invention further provides a method wherein the primary fermentation microbe is Cupriavidus metallidurans. In some embodiments, the invention further provides a method wherein the primary fermentation microbe is a knallgas microorganism, also known as an oxyhydrogen microorganism. In some embodiments, the invention further provides a method wherein the primary fermentation microbe is a chemoautotrophic microbe. In some embodiments, the invention further provides a method wherein the wild-type or mutant of the microorganism naturally has a capability for accumulating and/or synthesizing high quantities of triacylglycerol where a high quantity is considered to be 10% or more of the dry cell mass; 20% or more of the dry cell mass; 30% or more of the dry cell mass; 40% or more of the dry cell mass; 50% or more of the dry cell mass; 60% or more of the dry cell mass; 70% or more of the dry cell mass. In some embodiments, the invention further provides a method wherein the primary fermentation microbe is a hydrogen-oxidizing chemoautotroph. In some embodiments, the invention further provides a composition wherein the primary fermentation microbe is capable of growing on syngas as the sole energy and carbon source. In some embodiments, the invention further provides a composition wherein the primary fermentation microbe is capable of growing on untreated crude glycerol as the sole energy and carbon source. In some embodiments, the invention further provides a step of up-regulating an endogenous or exogenous gene regulating the pathway for the production of butanediol. In some embodiments, the invention further provides a step of down-regulating an endogenous or exogenous gene regulating the pathway for the production of butanediol.
In one aspect of the invention, a chemotroph capable of CO₂fixation, is engineered to produce a carbon-based product having a desired chemical structure to a level sufficient for commercial production. The product generated may be native to the organism, but produced in non-optimal quantities in the absence of engineering, or completely lacking in the absence of engineering.
In some examples, a host cell is genetically modified with an exogenous nucleic acid sequence encoding a single protein involved in a biosynthetic pathway generating a carbon-based product or intermediate. In other examples, a host cell is genetically modified with an exogenous nucleic acid sequence encoding multiple proteins involved in a biosynthetic pathway generating a carbon-based product or intermediate. In still other examples, a host cell is genetically modified with multiple exogenous nucleic acid sequences encoding multiple proteins involved in a biosynthetic pathway generating a carbon-based product or intermediate, or multiple carbon-based products or intermediates.
In some examples, a host cell is genetically modified with an exogenous nucleic acid sequence encoding a single protein affecting the generation of a carbon-based product or intermediate, but in a manner that does not directly add to or modify the biosynthetic pathway protein sequences. In other examples, a host cell is genetically modified with an exogenous nucleic acid sequence encoding multiple proteins affecting the generation of a carbon-based product or intermediate, but in a manner that does not directly add to or modify the biosynthetic pathway protein sequences.
In one aspect of the invention, a chemotroph capable of CO₂fixation is engineered to produce two or more carbon-based products having desired chemical structures to a level sufficient for commercial production. The products generated may be native to the organism, but produced in non-optimal quantities in the absence of engineering, or completely lacking in the absence of engineering.
In some embodiments, such organisms produce at least 1 mg of carbon-based product of interest per liter of fermentation suspension. In some examples, the product is secreted by the organism into culture medium. In other examples, the product is retained in the organism in the course of fermentation. In some cases, the product may be recovered by lysing the cells and separating the product. In other cases, the product may have commercial value in the intact organism without significant preparation or purification of the product from the organism.
In one embodiment, production of one of more other fermentation byproducts are attenuated or eliminated by downregulation of pathway genes that leads to its production by recombinant DNA methods, including gene knockouts, gene replacement, or partial or complete replacement of gene promoter sequences affecting genes in these pathways. In some examples, these include pathways leading to production of ethanol, acetate, lactate, succinate, butyrate, and butanol.
In one embodiment, production of alcohols (short or long chain, branched or straight-chain, saturated or unsaturated) is optimized by introduction of one or more exogenous nucleic acids encoding proteins in alcohol synthesis pathways. Alcohols can be used as products or used to create products comprised of fatty acid esters, alkyl esters, isoprenyl esters, or other esters.
In one embodiment, such organisms are modified such that they produce or upregulate production of polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) or other products classified as polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs). Organisms that already produce a specific PHA may be modified to produce more of the same or of a different PHA under cultivation conditions appropriate for chemoautotrophic cultivation. Alternatively, organisms that do not produce PHAs may be modified to produce one or multiple types of PHAs. Examples of pathway genes that enable production of PHAs include the following, for production of PHB: a beta-ketothiolase (which converts acetyl-CoA to acetoacetyl-CoA and CoA), Acetoacetyl-CoA reductase (which converts acetoacetyl-CoA and NADPH to 3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA), and PHA synthase (which converts 3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA to PHB and CoA). An example of such a pathway, enabling production of PHB, is encoded by the Ralstonia eutropha phaCAB operon. In some embodiments, specific modifications are made by recombinant methods to knockout or attenuate genes that degrade or prevent the accumulation of PHAs. An example of such a gene is poly[(R)-3-hydroxybutanoate] hydrolase.
In one embodiment, such organisms are modified such that they produce detectable levels of hydrocarbons or fatty acids of desired structure from inorganic energy and CO₂. For production of specific products of commercial value, desired structures or characteristics includes carbon chain length, branching, and saturation levels. In preferred embodiments, such organisms are modified such that they produce high yields of desired hydrocarbons. In certain embodiments, hydrocarbons produced are secreted by passive transport proteins, active transport proteins or combinations thereof. In certain embodiments, secretion is optimized for maximum yield of secreted hydrocarbons by introducing one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences encoding transport proteins or gene regulatory sequences (e.g., promoters) that directly modify expression of transport proteins. In certain embodiments, such organisms are optimized for maximum yield of secreted, desired hydrocarbons by introducing one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences encoding proteins that regulate the expression of transport proteins or gene regulatory sequences (e.g., promoters) that directly modify expression of transport proteins. In certain embodiments, such organisms are optimized for maximum yield of secreted hydrocarbons by introduction of one or more nucleic acid sequences that knock out or attenuate expression of certain endogenous transport proteins or proteins that regulate endogenous transport proteins. In one embodiment, the microorganisms are introduced with one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences encoding acetyl-CoA carboxylase activity (accBCAD), aldehyde dehydrogenase activity (adhA, adhB), alcohol dehydrogenase activity (ADH I), alkane 1-monooxygenase activity (alkB), 3-hydroxyacyl-ACP dehydratase activity (fabA), 3-ketoacyl-ACP synthase activity (fabB), malonyl-CoA:ACP transacylase activity (fabD), 3-ketoacyl-ACP reductase activity (fabG), acetyl-CoA:ACP transacylase activity (fabH), enoyl-ACP reductase activity (fabl), acyl-ACP hydrolase activity (FASl), the E1p dehydrogense component of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, the E2p dihydrolipoamide acyltransferase component of the 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex, genes encoding fatty-acyl-coA reductases, fatty alcohol forming acyl-CoA reductases, pyridine nucleotide transhydrogenases, and genes encoding fatty-acyl-coA reductases, acyl-CoA synthetase, alcohol dehydrogenase, alcohol acetyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.84), thioesterase, (EC 3.1.2.14), aceE, aceF, acpP, fadD, cerl, fabA, fabB, fabD, fabG, fabH, fabl, fabZ, lipase, malonyl-CoA decarboxylase, panD, panK, pdh, udhA, and wax synthase (EC 2.3.1.75).
In one embodiment of the invention, such organisms are modified to secrete fatty acid chains by introduction of one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences encoding an acyl-ACP-thioesterase, wherein the acyl-ACP-thioesterases liberate fatty acid chains from ACP-thioesters. In one example, production of fatty acids of specific lengths, or enriched for specific lengths and structure (including branching and degree of saturation), can be produced by the introduction of one or more nucleic acid sequences encoding specific acyl-ACP-thioesterases showing a bias for producing fatty acid chains of a specific length and structure. In some examples, an organism may be modified by introduction of one or multiple exogenous nucleic acid sequences encoding multiple acyl-ACP-thioesterase proteins into the same organism such that the organism produces fatty acids of multiple specific lengths and structures, or enriched for multiple specific lengths and structures. Several examples of such thioesterases are available in the art, published in the patent literature or in the open literature.
In one embodiment, such organisms are modified by the introduction of one or more nucleic acid sequences to enable or enhance the ability of the organism to utilize inorganic energy, CO2, and water to generate carbon-based products, including amino acids, acrylate, acrylic acid, adipic acid, alcohol, ascorbate, ascorbic acid, aspartate, aspartic acid, 1,3-butadiene, 1,3-butanediol, 2,3-butanediol, 1,4-butanediol, butanol, caprolactam, carotenoid, citrate, citric acid, DHA, diesel, docetaxel, e-caprolactone, erythromycin 7-ADCA/cephalosporin, ethanol, ethyl ester, ethylene, fatty acid ester, fatty alcohols, fuel oxygenates, gamma butyrolactone, gasoline, glucose, fructose, carbohydrate, glutamate, glutamic acid, HPA, hydrocarbons, hydroxybutyrate, 3-hydroxypropionate, isopentenol, isoprene, isoprenoid, isopropanol, itaconate, itaconic acid, JetA, JetA-1, JetB, JP4, JP8, lactate, lactic acid, lanosterol, levulinic acid, limonene, lycopene, lysine, malate, malonic acid, methyl ester, muconic acid, nucleic acids, n-alkanes, alkenes, octane, omega fatty acid, omega-3 DHA, paclitaxel, peptide, PHA, PHB, pharmaceutical products or pharmaceutical intermediates, polyketides, polymers, polyol, propane, 1,3-propanediol, propanol, propylene, pyrrolidones, rubber, serine, sorbitol, statin, steroid, succinate, sucrose, terephthalate, terpene, THF, γ-valerolactone, and wax ester.
In certain embodiments, such organisms provided by the invention comprises a cell line selected from eukaryotic plants, algae, cyanobacteria, green-sulfur bacteria, green non-sulfur bacteria, purple sulfur bacteria, purple non-sulfur bacteria, extremophiles, yeast, fungi, proteobacteria, engineered organisms thereof, and synthetic organisms.
In certain embodiments, such organisms are chemoautotrophic microorganisms that include, but are not limited to, one or more of the following: Acetoanaerobium sp., Acetobacterium sp., Acetogenium sp., Achromobacter sp., Acidianus sp., Acinetobacter sp., Actinomadura sp., Aeromonas sp., Alcaligenes sp., Alcaliqenes sp., Arcobacter sp., Aureobacterium sp., Bacillus sp., Beggiatoa sp., Butyribacterium sp., Carboxydothermus sp., Clostridium sp., Comamonas sp., Dehalobacter sp., Dehalococcoide sp., Dehalospirillum sp., Desulfobacterium sp., Desulfomonile sp., Desulfotomaculum sp., Desulfovibrio sp., Desulfurosarcina sp., Ectothiorhodospira sp., Enterobacter sp., Eubacterium sp., Ferroplasma sp., Halothibacillus sp., Hydrogenobacter sp., Hydrogenomonas sp., Leptospirillum sp., Metallosphaera sp., Methanobacterium sp., Methanobrevibacter sp., Methanococcus sp., Methanosarcina sp., Micrococcus sp., Nitrobacter sp., Nitrosococcus sp., Nitrosolobus sp., Nitrosomonas sp., Nitrosospira sp., Nitrosovibrio sp., Nitrospina sp., Oleomonas sp., Paracoccus sp., Peptostreptococcus sp., Planctomycetes sp., Pseudomonas sp., Ralstonia sp., Rhodobacter sp., Rhodococcus sp., Rhodocyclus sp., Rhodomicrobium sp., Rhodopseudomonas sp., Rhodospirillum sp., Shewanella sp., Streptomyces sp., Sulfobacillus sp., Sulfolobus sp., Thiobacillus sp., Thiomicrospira sp, Thioploca sp., Thiosphaera sp., Thiothrix sp. Also chemoautotrophic microorganisms that are generally categorized as sulfur-oxidizers, hydrogen-oxidizers, iron-oxidizers, acetogens, and methanogens, as well as a consortiums of microorganisms that include chemoautotrophs.
Such organisms also include but are not limited to extremophiles that can withstand extremes in various environmental parameters such as temperature, radiation, pressure, gravity, vacuum, desiccation, salinity, pH, oxygen tension, and chemicals. They include hyperthermophiles, such as Pyrolobus fumarii: thermophiles, such as Synechococcus lividis; mesophiles, and psychrophiles, such as Psychrobacter. Radiation tolerant organisms include Deinococcus radiodurans. Pressure tolerant organisms include piezophiles or barophiles. Dessicant tolerant and anhydrobiotic organisms include xerophiles such as Artemia salina; microbes and fungi. Salt tolerant organisms include halophiles, such as Halobacteriacea and Dunaliella salina. pH tolerant organisms include alkaliphiles such as Natronobacterium, Bacillus firmus OF4, Spirulina spp., and acidophiles such as Cyanidium caldarium, Ferroplasma sp. Gas tolerant organisms, which tolerate pure CO₂include Cyanidium caldarium and metal tolerant organisms include metalotolerants such as Ferroplasma acidarmanus, Ralstonia sp.
Such organisms also include algae and cyanobacteria, which include, but are not limited to the following genera: Acanthoceras, Acanthococcus, Acarvochloris, Achnanthes, Achnanthidium, Actinastrum, Actinochloris, Actinocyclhs, Actinotaenium, Amphichrysis, Amphidinium, Amphikrikos, Amphipleura, Amphiprora, Amphithrix, Amphora, Anabaena, Anabaenopsis, Aneumastus, Ankistrodesmus, Ankyra, Anomoeoneis, Alpatococcus, Aphanizomenon, Aphanocapsa, Aphanochaete, Aphanothece, Apiocvstis, Apistonema, Arthrodesmus, Artherospira, Ascochloris, Asterionella, Asterococcus, Audouinella, Aulacoseira, Bacillaria, Balbiania, Bambusina, Bangia, Basichlamys, Batrachospermum, Binuclearia, Bitrichia, Blidingia, Botrdiopsis, Botrydium, Botrvococcus, Botrvosphaerella, Brachiomonas, Brachysira, Brachytrichia, Brehissonia, Bulbochaete, Bumilleria, Bumilleriopsis, Caloneis, Calothrix, Campylodiscus, Capsosiphon, Carteria, Catena, Cavimila, Centritractus, Centronella, Ceratium, Chaetoceros, Chaetochloris, Chaetomorpha, Chaetonella, Chaetonema, Chaetopeltis. Chaetophora, Chaetosphaeridium, Chamaesiphon, Chara, Characiochloris, Characiopsis, Characium, Charales, Chilomonas, Chlainomonas, Chlamydoblepharis, Chlamydocapsa, Chlamydomonas, Chlamydomonopsis, Chlamydomyxa, Chlamydonephris, Chlorangiella, Chlorangiopsis, Chlorella, Chlorobotrys, Chlorobrachis, Chlorochytrium, Chlorococcum, Chlorogloea, Chlorogloeopsis, Chlorgonium, Chlorolobion, Chloronoas, Chlorophysema, Chlorophyla, Chlorosaccus, Chlorosarcina, Choricystis, Chbromnophyton, Chromulina, Chroococcidiopsis, Chroococcus, Chroodactylon, Chroomonas, Chroothece, Chrysamoeba, Chrysapsis, Chrysidiastrum, Chrysocapsa, Chrysocapsella, Chrysochaete, Chrysochromnulinia, Chrysococcus, Chrysocrinus, Chrysolepidornona, Chrysolykos, Chrysonebula, Chrysophyta, Chrysopyxis, Chrysosaccus, Chrysophaerella, Chrysostephanosphaera, Clodophora, Claslidium, Closteriopsis, Closterium, Coccomyxa, Cocconeis, Coelastrella, Coelastrum, Coelosphaerium, Coenochloris, Coenococcus, Coenoystis, Colacium, Coleochaete, Collodictyon, Compsogonopsis, Compsopogon, Conjugafophyta, Conochaete, Coronastrum, Cosmarium, Cosmioneis, Cosmocladium, Craleriportula, Craticula, Crinalium, Cirucigenia, Crucigeniella, Cryptoaulax, Cryptomonas, Cryptophyta, Ctenophora, Cyanodictyon, Cyanonephron, Cyanophora, Cyanophyta, Cyanothece, Cyanothomonas, Cyclonexis, Cycloslephanos, Cyclotella, Cylindrocapsa, Cylindrocystis, Cylindrospermum, Cylindrotheca, Cymatopleura, Cymbella, Cymbellonitzschia, Cystodinium Dactylococcopsis, Debarya, Denticula, Dermatochrysis, Dermocarpa, Dermocarpella, Desmatractum, Desmidium, Desmococcus, Desmnonema, Desmnosiphon, Diacanthos, Diacmonema, Diadesmis, Diatoma, Diatomella, Dicellula, Dichothrix, Dichotomococcus, Dicranochaete, Dictyochloris, Dictyococcus, Dictyosphaerium, Didymocystis, Didymnogenes, Didymosphenia, Dilabifilum, Dimorphococcus, Dinobryon, Dinococcus Diplochloris, Diploneis, Diplostauron, Distrionella, Docidium, Draparnaldia, Dunaliella, Dysmorphococcus, Ecballocystis, Elakatothrix, Ellerbeckia, Encyonema, Enteromorpha, Entocladia, Entomoneis, Entophysalis, Epichrysis, Epipyxis, Epithemia, Eremosphaera, Euastropsis, Euastrum, Eucapsis, Eucocconeis, Eudorina, Euglenia, Eugleniophyta, Eunotia, Eustigmalophyta, Eutreptia, Fallacia, Fischerella, Fragilaria, Fragilariforma, Franceia, Frustulia, Curcilla, Geminella, Genicularia, Glaucocystis, Glaucophyta, Glenodiniopsis, Glenodinium, Gloeocapsa, Gloeochaete, Gloeochrysis, Gloeococcus, Gloeocystis, Gloeodendron, Gloeomonas, Gloeoplax, Gloeothece, Gloeotila, Goeotrichia, Gloiodictyon, Golenikinia, Golenkiniopsis, Gomontia, Gomphocymbella, Gomphonema, Gomphosphaeria, Gonatozygon, Gongrosia, Gongrosira, Goniochloris, Gonium, Gonyostomum, Granulochoris, Granulocystopsis, Groenbladia, Gymnodinium, Gymnozyga, Gyrosigma, Haemnalococcus, Hafniomonas, Hallassia, Hammatoidea, Hannaea, Hantzschia, Hapalosiphon, Haplotaenium, Haptophyta, Haslea, Hemidinium, Hemitonia, Heribaudiella, Heteromastix, Heterothrix, Hibberdia, Hildenbrandia, Hillea, Holopedium, Homoeothrix, Hormanthonema, Hormotila, Hyalobrachion, Hyalocardium, Hyalodiscus, Hyalogonium, Hyalotheca, Hydrianum, Hydrococcus, Hydrocoleum, Hydrocoryne, Hydrodictyon, Hydrosera, Hydrurus, Hyella, Hymenomonas, Isthmochloron, Johannesbaptistia, Juranyiella, Karayevia, Kathablepharis, Katodinium, Kephyrion, Keratococcus, Kirchneriella, Klebsormidium, Kolbesia, Koliella, Komarekia, Korshikoviella, Kraskella, Lagerheimia, Lagynion, Lamprothamnium, Lemanea, Lepocinclis, Leptosira, Lobococcus, Lobocystis, Lobomonas, Luticola, Lyngbya, Malleochloris, Mallomonas, Mantoniella, Marssoniella, Martyana, Mastigocoleus, Gastogloia, Melosira, Merismopedia, Mesostigma, Mesotaenium, Micractinium, Micrasterias, Microchaete, Microcoleus, Microcystis, Microglena, Micromonas, Microspora, Microthamnion, Mischococcus, Monochrysis, Monodus, Monomastix, Monoraphidium, Monostroma, Mougeotia, Mougeotiopsis, Myochloris, Myromecia, Mvxosarcina, Naegeliella, Nannochloris, Nakutococcus, Navicula, Neglectella, Neidium, Nephroclamyis, Nephrocytium, Nephrodiella, Nephroselmis, Netrium, Nitella, Nitellopsis, Nitzschia, Nodularia, Nostoc, Ochromonas, Oedogonium, Oligochaetophora, Onychonema, Occardium, Oocysuis, Opephora, Ophiocytium, Orthoseira, Oscillatoria, Oxyneis, Pachycladella, Palmella, Palmodictyon, Pnadorina, Pannus, Paralia, Pascherina, Paulschulzia, Pediastrum, Pedinella, Pedinomonas, Pedinopera, Pelagodictyon, Penium, Peranemna, Peridiniopsis, Peridinium, Peronia, Petroneis, Phacotus, Phacus, Phaeaster, Phaeodermatium, Phaeophyta, Phaeosphaera, Phaeothamnion, Phormidium, Phycopeltis, Phyllariochloris, Phyllocardium, Phyllomitas, Pinnularia, Pitophora, Placoneis, Planctonema, Planktosphaeria, Planothidium, Plectonema, Pleodorina, Pleurastrum, Pleurocapsa, Pleurocladia, Pleurodiscus, Pleurosigma, Pleurosira, Pleurotaenium, Pocillomonas, Podohedra, Polyblepharides, Polychaetophora, Polyedriella, Polyedriopsis, Polygoniochloris, Polyepidomonas, Polytaenia, Polytoma, Polytomella, Porphyridium, Posteriochromonas, Prasinochloris, Prasinocladus, Prasinophyta, Prasiola, Prochlorphyta, Prochlorothrix, Protoderma, Protosiphon, Provasoliella, Prymnesium, Psammodictyon, Psammothidium, Pseudanabaena, Pseudenoclonium, Psuedocarteria, Pseudochate, Pseudcharacium, Pseudococcomyxa, Pseudodictyosphaerium, Pseudokephyrion, Pseudoncobyrsa, Pseudoquadrigula, Pseudosphaerocystis, Pseudostaurastrum, Pseudostaurosira, Pseudotetrastrum, Pteromonas, Punctastruata, Pyramichlamys, Pyramimonas, Pyrrophyta, Quadrichloris, Quadricoccus, Quadrigula, Radiococcus, Radiofilum, Raphidiopsis, Raphidocelis, Raphidonema, Raphidophyta, Peimeria, Rhabdoderma, Rhabdomonas, Rhizoclonium, Rhodomnonas, Rhodophyta, Rhoicosphenia, Rhopalodia, Rivularia, Rosenvingiella, Rossithidium, Roya, Scenedesmus, Scherffelia, Schizchlamydella, Schizochlamys, Schizomeris, Schizothrix, Schroederia, Scolioneis, Scotiella, Scotiellopsis, Scourfieldia, Scytonema, Selenastrum, Selenochloris, Sellaphora, Semiorbis, Siderocelis, Diderocystopsis, Dimonsenia, Siphononema, Sirocladium, Sirogonium, Skeletonema, Sorastrum, Spermatozopsis, Sphaerellocystis, Sphaerellopsis, Sphaerodinium, Sphaeroplea, Sphaerozosma, Spiniferomonas, Spirogyra, Spirotaenia, Spirulina, Spondylomorum, Spondylosium, Sporotetras, Spumella, Staurastrum, Stauerodesmus, Stauroneis, Staurosira, Staurosirella, Stenopterobia, Stephanocostis, Stephanodiscus, Stephanoporos, Stephanosphaera, Stichococcus, Stichogloea, Stigeoclonium, Stigonema, Stipitococcus, Stokesiella, Strombomonas, Stylochrysalis, Stylodinium, Styloyxis, Stylosphaeridium, Surirella, Sykidion, Symploca, Synechococcus, Synechocystis, Synedra, Synochromonas, Synura, Tabellaria, Tabularia, Teilingia, Temnogametum, Tetmemorus, Tetrachlorella, Tetracyclus, Tetradesmus, Tetraedriella, Tetraedron, Tetraselmis, Tetraspora, Tetrastrum, Thalassiosira, Thamniochaete, Thorakochloris, Thorea, Tolypella, Tolypothrix, Trachelomonas, Trachydiscus, Trebouxia, Trentepholia, Treubaria, Tribonema, Trichodesmium, Trichodiscus, Trochiscia, Tryblionella, Ulothrix, Uroglena, Uronema, Urosolenia, Urospora, Uva, Vacuolaria, Vaucheria, Volvox, Volvulina, Westella, Woloszynskia, Xanthidium, Xanthophyta, Xenococcus, Zygnema, Zygnemopsis, and Zygonium.
Such organisms also include green non-sulfur bacteria, which include but are not limited to the following genera: Chloroflexus, Chloronema, Oscillochloris, Heliothrix, Herpetosiphon, Roseiflexus, and Thermomicrobium.
Such organisms also include green sulfur bacteria, which include but are not limited to the following genera: Chlorobium, Clathrochloris, and Prosthecochloris.
Such organisms also include purple sulfur bacteria, which include but are not limited to the following genera: Allochromatium, Chromatium, Halochromatium, Isochromalium, Marichromatium, Rhodovulum, Thermochromatium, Thiocapsa, Thiorhodococcus, and Thiocystis.
Such organisms also include purple non-sulfur bacteria, which include but are not limited to the following genera: Phaeospirillum, Rhodobaca, Rhodobacter, Rhodomicrobium, Rhodopila, Rhodopseudomonas, Rhodothalassium, Rhodospirillum, Rodovibrio, and Roseospira.
Such organisms also include aerobic chemolithotrophic bacteria, which include but are not limited to nitrifying bacteria such as Nitrobacteraceae sp., Nitrobacter sp., Nitrospina sp., Nitrococcus sp., Nitrospira sp., Nitrosomonas sp., Nitrosococcus sp., Nitrosospira sp., Nitrosolobus sp., Nitrosovibrio sp.; colorless sulfur bacteria such as, Thiovulum sp., Thiobacillus sp., Thiomicrospira sp., Thiosphaera sp., Thermothrix sp.; obligately chemolithotrophic hydrogen bacteria such as Hydrogenobacter sp., iron and manganese-oxidizing and/or depositing bacteria such as Siderococcus sp., and magnetotactic bacteria such as Aquaspirillum sp.
Such organisms also include archaeobacteria, which include but are not limited to methanogenic archaeobacteria such as Methanobacterium sp., Methanobrevibacter sp., Methanothermus sp., Methanococcus sp., Methanomicrobium sp., Methanospirillum sp., Methanogenium sp., Afethanosarcina sp., Methanolobus sp., Methanothrix sp., Methanococcoccoides sp., Methanoplanus sp.; extremely thermophilic sulfur-metabolizers such as Thermoproteus sp., Pyrodictium sp., Sulfolobus sp., Acidianus sp.
In some embodiments of the invention a oxyhydrogen microorganism, such as but not limited to Ralstonia eutropha, Alcaligenes eutrophus or Cupriavidus necator, is grown up to a high cell density in micro aerobic conditions using syngas components as a carbon source and energy, including, but not limited to H2, CO2 and/or CO, and/or using methanol and/or using glycerol, including crude glycerol, which is a by-product of biodiesel or oleochemical manufacturing. Once a high cell density is achieved, feeding oxygen into the bioreactor is stopped and fementation continues under aneaorobic conditions and the microorganisms secrete 1,3 butanediol or 2,3 butanediol and/or other organic compounds, including, but not limited to 2-Oxoglutarate, 2-Oxo-3-methylbutanoate, cis-Aconitate, 3-Hydroxybutanoate, Butanoate, Acetate, Formate, Succinate, 2-methyl propanoate, 2-Methylbutanoate, 3-Methylbutanoate, meso-2,3-Butandiol, Acetoin, DL 2,3-Butandiol, 2-Methylpropan-1-ol, Ethanol, 1-Propanol, and/or Lactate.
Exemplary oxyhydrogen microorganisms that can be used in one or more process steps of certain embodiments of the present invention include but are not limited to one or more of the following: purple non-sulfur photosynthetic bacteria including but not limited to Rhodopseudomonas palustris, Rhodopseudomonas capsulata, Rhodopseudomonas viridis, Rhodopseudomonas sulfoviridis, Rhodopseudomonas blastica, Rhodopseudomonas spheroides, Rhodopseudomonas acidophila and other Rhodopseudomonas sp., Rhodospirillum rubrum, and other Rhodospirillum sp.; Rhodococcus opacus and other Rhodococcus sp.; Rhizobium japonicum and other Rhizobium sp.; Thiocapsa roseopersicina and other Thiocapsa sp.; Pseudomonas hydrogenovora, Pseudomonas hydrogenothermophila, and other Pseudomonas sp.; Hydrogenomonas pantotropha, Hydrogenomonas eutropha, Hydrogenomonas facilis, and other Hydrogenomonas sp.; Hydrogenobacter thermophilus and other Hydrogenobacter sp.; Hydrogenovibrio marimis and other Hydrogenovibrio sp.; Helicobacter pylori and other Helicobacter sp.; Xanthobacter sp.; Hydrogenophaga sp.; Bradyrhizobium japonicum and other Bradyrhizobium sp.; Ralstonia eutropha and other Ralstonia sp.; Alcaligenes eutrophus and other Alcaligenes sp.; Variovorax paradoxus, and other Variovorax sp.; Acidovorax facilis, and other Acidovorax sp.; cyanobacteria including but not limited to Anabaena oscillarioides, Anabaena spiroides, Anabaena cylindrica, and other Anabaena sp.; green algae including but not limited to Scenedesmus obliquus and other Scenedesmus sp., Chlamydomonas reinhardii and other Chlamydomonas sp., Ankistrodesmus sp., Rhaphidium polymorphium and other Rhaphidum sp., as well as a consortiums of microorganisms that include oxyhydrogen microorganisms.
One feature of certain embodiments of the present invention is the inclusion of one or more process steps within a chemical process for the conversion of C1 carbon sources including but not limited to carbon monoxide, methane, methanol, formate, or formic acid, and/or mixtures containing C1 chemicals including but not limited to various syngas compositions generated from various gasified, pyrolyzed, or steam-reformed fixed carbon feedstocks, that utilize oxyhydrogen microorganisms and/or enzymes from oxyhydrogen microorganisms as a biocatalyst for the conversion of C1 chemicals into longer chain organic chemicals (i.e. C2 or longer and, in some embodiments, C5 or longer carbon chain molecules). In some such embodiments C1 containing syngas, or process gas, or C1 chemicals in a pure liquid form or dissolved in solution is pumped or otherwise added to a vessel or enclosure containing nutrient media and oxyhydrogen microorganisms. In some such cases oxyhydrogen microorganisms perform biochemical synthesis to elongate C1 chemicals into longer carbon chain organic chemicals using the chemical energy stored in the C1 chemical, and/or molecular hydrogen and/or valence or conduction electrons in solid state electrode materials and/or one or more of the following list of electron donors pumped or otherwise provided to the nutrient media including but not limited to: ammonia; ammonium; carbon monoxide; dithionite; elemental sulfur; hydrocarbons; metabisulfites; nitric oxide; nitrites; sulfates such as thiosulfates including but not limited to sodium thiosulfate (Na2S2O3) or calcium thiosulfate (CaS2O3); sulfides such as hydrogen sulfide; sulfites; thionate; thionite; transition metals or their sulfides, oxides, chalcogenides, halides, hydroxides, oxyhydroxides, sulfates, or carbonates, in soluble or solid phases. The electron donors can be oxidized by electron acceptors in a chemosynthetic reaction. Electron acceptors that may be used at this reaction step include oxygen and/or other electron acceptors including but not limited to one or more of the following: carbon dioxide, ferric iron or other transition metal ions, nitrates, nitrites, oxygen, or holes in solid state electrode materials.
The chemosynthetic reaction step or steps of the process whereby carbon dioxide and/or inorganic carbon is fixed into organic carbon in the form of organic compounds and biomass and/or the reaction steps converting C1 chemicals to longer chain organic chemicals whereby a C1 chemical such as but not limited to carbon monoxide, methane, methanol, formate, or formic acid, and/or mixtures containing C1 chemicals including but not limited to various syngas compositions generated from various gasified, pyrolyzed, or steam-reformed fixed carbon feedstocks, are biochemically converted into longer chain organic chemicals (i.e. C2 or longer and, in some embodiments, C5 or longer carbon chain molecules) can be performed in aerobic, microaerobic, anoxic, anaerobic conditions, or facultative conditions. A facultative environment is considered to be one having aerobic upper layers and anaerobic lower layers caused by stratification of the water column.
The present invention relates to the engineering of microorganisms, including but not limited to hydrogen oxidizing and/or carbon monoxide oxidizing knallgas microorganisms, with a natural capability to grow and synthesize biomass on gaseous carbon sources such as syngas and/or CO₂, such that the natural or engineered microorganisms synthesize targeted products, including chemicals and fuels, under gas cultivation.
In some embodiments, the composition comprises a microorganism that can naturally grow on H2/CO2 and/or syngas, and wherein the microorganism can naturally accumulate polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) or polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) to 50% or more of the cell biomass by weight. In some embodiments the microorganisms have a native ability to direct a high flux of carbon through the acetyl-CoA metabolic intermediate, which can lead into fatty acid biosynthesis, along with a number of other synthetic pathways including PHA and PHB synthesis. A microorganism is considered to direct a high flux of carbon through acetyl-CoA if a product of a synthesis pathway going through the acetyl-CoA metabolic intermediate, including but not limited to polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) or polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), can represent 50% or more of the cell biomass by weight. In some embodiments the microorganism exhibiting these traits is Cupriavidus necator (DSM 531 or DSM 541).
Aspects of the invention relate to a bacterial cell comprising at least a first exogenous nucleic acid sequence wherein the cell converts gaseous CO₂and/or gaseous H₂and/or syngas into one or more lipids or hydrocarbons.
In some embodiments, the first exogenous nucleic acid sequence encodes a protein selected from the group consisting of a fatty acid acyl-ACP reductase and a fatty acid aldehyde decarbonylase. In some embodiments, the first exogenous nucleic acid sequence encodes a CYP52A protein. In certain embodiments, the first exogenous nucleic acid sequence encodes a protein selected from the group consisting of a CYP709C1 and CYP81B1. In some embodiments, the first exogenous nucleic acid sequence encodes a thioesterase protein.
In some embodiments, the cell further comprises a second exogenous nucleic acid sequence. In some embodiments, the first exogenous nucleic acid sequence encodes a fatty acid acyl-ACP reductase and the second exogenous nucleic acid sequence encodes a fatty acid aldehyde decarbonylase. In some embodiments, the cell comprises a first and second exogenous nucleic acid wherein the second exogenous nucleic acid encodes a thioesterase protein or a fatty acyl-CoA ligase. In some embodiments, the cell further comprises a third exogenous nucleic acid sequence that encodes a thioesterase.
In some embodiments, the bacterial cell is of the suborder corynebacterineae. In some embodiments, the bacterial cell is of the family burkholderiaceae. In some embodiments, the cell is of the genera Rhodococcus or Gordonia. In certain embodiments, the cell is a Rhodococcus opacus. In some embodiments, the bacterial cell is an oxyhydrogen microorganisms including oxyhydrogen microorganisms selected from one or more of the following genera: Rhodopseudomonas sp.; Rhodospirillum sp.; Rhodococcus sp.; Nocardia sp.; Mycobacterium sp.; Gordonia sp.; Tsukamurella sp.; Rhodobacter sp.; Rhizobium sp.; Thiocapsa sp.; Pseudomonas sp.; Hydrogenomonas sp.; Hydrogenobacter sp.; Hydrogenovibrio sp.; Helicobacter sp.; Oleomonas sp.; Xanthobacter sp.; Hydrogenophaga sp.; Bradyrhizobium sp.; Ralstonia sp.; Alcaligenes sp.; Variovorax sp.; Acidovorax sp.; Anabaena sp.; Scenedesmus sp.; Chlamydomonas sp., Ankistrodesmus sp., and Rhaphidium sp. [all oxyhydrogen] subset of hydrogen oxidizers.
In some embodiments, the bacterial cell produces and/or secretes at least 10% of one or more lipids or hydrocarbons by weight. In some embodiments, the bacterial cell produces and/or secretes one or more lipids or hydrocarbons, wherein at least 50% of the one or more lipids or hydrocarbons have 6 to 30 carbon atoms. In some embodiments, less than 10% by weight of the lipids or hydrocarbons is methane. In some embodiments, less than 10% by weight of the lipids or hydrocarbons is organic acid.
In some embodiments, the one or more lipids or hydrocarbons comprise at least one organic molecule having a carbon chain length of at least 8 carbon atoms and at least one carbon-carbon double bond. In some embodiments, the one or more lipids or hydrocarbons comprise at least one diacid acid molecule having a carbon chain length of at least 6 carbon atoms. In some embodiments, the one or more lipids or hydrocarbons comprise at least one desaturated hydrocarbon molecule having a carbon chain length of at least 6 carbon atoms.
In some embodiments, the one or more lipids or hydrocarbons comprise at least one fatty acid molecule having a carbon chain length of at least 6 carbon atoms. In some embodiments, the one or more lipids or hydrocarbons comprise at least one unsaturated fatty acid molecule having a carbon chain length of at least 6 carbon atoms. In some embodiments, the one or more lipids or hydrocarbons comprise at least one hydroxyl acid molecule having a carbon chain length of at least 6 carbon atoms. In some embodiments, the one or more lipids or hydrocarbons comprise at least one dicarboxylic acid molecule having a carbon chain length of at least 6 carbon atoms.
In some embodiments, the one or more lipids or hydrocarbons comprise at least one alkane, alkene, alkyne, fatty alcohol, and/or fatty aldehyde at a level higher than the quantity of the alkane, alkene, alkyne, fatty alcohol, and or fatty aldehyde in the same microorganism not comprising the exogenous nucleic acid sequences. In some embodiments, the one or more lipids or hydrocarbons comprise at least one component of or one precursor to a component of jet fuel, diesel fuel, or biodiesel fuel.
Further aspects of the invention relate to a method of producing a lipid or a hydrocarbon or a mixture of lipids or hydrocarbons, including culturing a bacterial cell in a feedstock comprising syngas and/or gaseous CO₂and/or a mixture of CO₂gas and H₂gas. In some embodiments, the H₂is generated or recycled using renewable, alternative, or conventional sources of power that are low in greenhouse gas emissions, and wherein said sources of power are selected from at least one of photovoltaics, solar thermal, wind power, hydroelectric, nuclear, geothermal, enhanced geothermal, ocean thermal, ocean wave power, and tidal power. In some embodiments, the syngas is generated from lignocellulosic energy crops, crop residue, bagasse, saw dust, forestry residue, food waste, municipal solid waste, biogas, landfill gas, or stranded natural gas.
In some embodiments, the lipid or hydrocarbon or mixture of lipids or hydrocarbons produced is one or more alkane, alkene, alkyne, fatty alcohol, and/or fatty aldehyde. In some embodiments, at least one exogenous nucleic acid sequences of the bacterial cell is operably linked to a promoter that is inducible in response to a first stimulus, and wherein the method further comprises culturing a population of the bacterial cell of claim 1 for a first period of time in the presence of a first stimulus to produce one or more lipids or hydrocarbons.
Further aspects of the invention relate to culturing of a bacterial cell in a feedstock comprising syngas and/or gaseous CO₂and/or a mixture of CO₂gas and H₂gas in a reaction vessel or a bioreactor wherein the one or more lipids or hydrocarbons are separated from the reaction vessel or bioreactor. In some embodiments, the method further comprises purifying the one or more lipids or hydrocarbons or a mixture of lipids or hydrocarbons after separation from the reaction vessel or bioreactor.
Further aspects of the invention relate to a microorganism comprising at least a first exogenous nucleic acid sequence wherein the microorganism converts gaseous CO₂and/or gaseous H₂and/or syngas into one or more hydroxylated fatty acids. In some embodiments, the first exogenous nucleic acid sequence encodes a hydroxylating enzyme. In some embodiments the cell further comprises a second exogenous nucleic acid sequence encoding a thioesterase enzyme. In some embodiments, the microorganism is the genera Rhodococcus or Gordonia. In certain embodiments, the microorganism is the species Rhodococcus sp. DSM 3346 or DSM 364. In some embodiments, the microorganism is Rhodococcus opacus. In certain embodiments, the microorganism is Rhodococcus opacus (DSM 43205) or Rhodococcus opacus (DSM 43206) or Rhodococcus opacus (DSM 44193). In some embodiments, the microorganism is family Burkholderiaceae. In some embodiments, the microorganism is Cupriavidus necator. In some embodiments, the microorganism is Cupriavidus metallidurans. In some embodiments, the microorganism is a knallgas microorganism, also known as an oxyhydrogen microorganism. In some embodiments, herein the microorganism is a chemoautotrophic microbe.
In some embodiments, the wild-type or mutant of the microorganism naturally has a capability for accumulating and/or synthesizing high quantities of triacylglycerol where a high quantity is considered to be 10% or more of the dry cell mass. In some embodiments, the microorganism is a hydrogen-oxidizing chemoautotroph. In some embodiments, the microorganism is capable of growing on syngas as the sole energy and carbon source. In some embodiments, the microorganism is capable of growing on untreated crude glycerol as the sole energy and carbon source.
Further aspects of the invention relate to a method for producing hydroxylated fatty acids including in a bioreactor or solution, culturing an engineered microorganism or a natural strain in a feedstock comprising syngas and/or gaseous CO₂and/or a mixture of CO₂gas and H₂gas. In some embodiments, the method further comprises the step of up-regulating an endogenous or exogenous thioesterase gene of the microorganism. In some embodiments, the method further comprises the step of down-regulating production of an endogenous or exogenous thioesterase gene of the microorganism. In some embodiments, the method further comprises the step of down regulating an endogenous or exogenous acyl carrier protein gene of the microorganism.
Aspects of the invention relate to a microorganism comprising at least a first exogenous nucleic acid sequence wherein the microorganism converts gaseous CO₂and/or gaseous H₂and/or syngas into one or more shorter-chain fatty acids. In some embodiments, the first exogenous nucleic acid sequence encodes a fatty acyl-CoA binding protein. In some embodiments, the microorganism further comprises a second exogenous nucleic acid sequence encoding a thioesterase enzyme. In some embodiments, the microorganism is of the genera Rhodococcus or Gordonia. In certain embodiments, the microorganism is the species Rhodococcus sp. DSM 3346 or DSM 364. In some embodiments, the microorganism is a Rhodococcus opacus. In some embodiments, the microorganism is a Rhodococcus opacus (DSM 43205) or a Rhodococcus opacus (DSM 43206) or a Rhodococcus opacus (DSM 44193). In some embodiments, the microorganism is family burkholderiaceae. In some embodiments, the microorganism is Cupriavidus necator. In some embodiments, the microorganism is Cupriavidus metallidurans. In some embodiments, the microorganism is a knallgas microorganism, also known as an oxyhydrogen microorganism. In some embodiments, the microorganism is a chemoautotrophic microbe.
In some embodiments, the wild-type or mutant of the microorganism naturally has a capability for accumulating and/or synthesizing high quantities of triacylglycerol where a high quantity is considered to be 10% or more of the dry cell mass. In some embodiments, the microorganism is a hydrogen-oxidizing chemoautotroph. In some embodiments, the microorganism is capable of growing on syngas as the sole energy and carbon source. In some embodiments, the microorganism is capable of growing on untreated crude glycerol as the sole energy and carbon source.
Further aspects of the invention relate to a method for producing shorter-chain fatty acids including in a bioreactor or solution, culturing an_engineered microorganism as in claim 55 or a natural strain with a feedstock comprising syngas and/or gaseous CO₂and/or a mixture of CO₂gas and H₂gas. In some embodiments, the method further comprises the step of enhancing expression of enzymes through heat. In some embodiments, the method further comprises the step of up-regulating an endogenous or exogenous thioesterase gene of the microorganism. In some embodiments, the method further comprise the step of down-regulating an endogenous or exogenous thioesterase gene of the microorganism. In some embodiments, the method further comprises the step of down regulating an endogenous or exogenous acyl carrier protein gene of the microorganism.
Further aspects of the invention relate to a method of producing butanediol, or other biochemical precursors to butanediol by microbial fermentation under microaerophilic or anaerobic conditions, including: supplying an inorganic substrate as a primary source of metabolic energy, whereby the substrate consists of one or more electron donors and one or more electron acceptors, and fermentation in a bioreactor containing a culture of microorganisms utilizing an inorganic substrate as a primary source of metabolic energy and carbon dioxide or other inorganic carbon as the primary source of carbon.
In some embodiments, the inorganic substrate comprises hydrogen (H2). In some embodiments, the butanediol product is 2,3-butanediol, 1,4 butanediol or 1,3 butanediol. In some embodiments, the level of hydrogen is supplied at a level such that butanediol is produced. In some embodiments, the level of CO₂is supplied at a level such that butanediol is produced. In some embodiments, the culture is propagated in the bioreactor in which oxygen is introduced at a certain flow rate, and the oxygen level is subsequently changed to a lower flow rate such that butanediol is produced at enhanced levels.
In some embodiments, the electron donors include but are not limited to one or more of the following reducing agents: ammonia; ammonium; carbon monoxide; dithionite; elemental sulfur; hydrogen; metabisulfites; nitric oxide; nitrites; sulfates such as thiosulfates including but not limited to sodium thiosulfate (Na₂S₂O₃) or calcium thiosulfate (CaS₂O₃); sulfides such as hydrogen sulfide; sulfites; thionate; thionite and said electron acceptors include but are not limited to one or more of the following oxidizing agents: carbon dioxide, ferric iron or other transition metal ions, nitrates, nitrites, oxygen, or holes in solid state electrode materials.
In some embodiments, the primary fermentation microbe is of the genera Rhodococcus or Gordonia. In some embodiments, the primary fermentation microbe is the species Rhodococcus sp. DSM 3346 or DSM 364. In some embodiments, the primary fermentation microbe is a Rhodococcus opacus. In some embodiments, the primary fermentation microbe is a Rhodococcus opacus (DSM 43205) or a Rhodococcus opacus (DSM 43206) or a Rhodococcus opacus (DSM 44193). In some embodiments, the primary fermentation microbe is family burkholderiaceae. In some embodiments, the primary fermentation microbe is Cupriavidus necator. In some embodiments, the primary fermentation microbe is Cupriavidus metallidurans. In some embodiments, the primary fermentation microbe is a knallgas microorganism, also known as an oxyhydrogen microorganism. In some embodiments, the primary fermentation microbe is a chemoautotrophic microbe.
In some embodiments, the wild-type or mutant of the primary fermentation microbe naturally has a capability for accumulating and/or synthesizing high quantities of triacylglycerol where a high quantity is considered to be 10% or more of the dry cell mass. In some embodiments, the primary fermentation microbe is a hydrogen-oxidizing chemoautotroph. In some embodiments, the primary fermentation microbe is capable of growing on syngas as the sole energy and carbon source. In some embodiments, the primary fermentation microbe is capable of growing on untreated crude glycerol as the sole energy and carbon source.
In some embodiments, the method further comprises the step of up-regulating an endogenous or exogenous gene regulating the pathway for the production of butanediol. In some embodiments, the method further comprises the step of down-regulating an endogenous or exogenous gene regulating the pathway for the production of butanediol.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Non-limiting embodiments of the present invention will be described by way of example with reference to the accompanying figures, which are schematic and are not intended to be drawn to scale. For purposes of clarity, not every component is labeled in every figure, nor is every component of each embodiment of the invention shown where illustration is not necessary to allow those of ordinary skill in the art to understand the invention. In the figures:

FIG. 1 describes the taxonomic names afforded to the chemoautotrophic and oleaginous microorganisms used in selected embodiments of the invention.

FIG. 2 shows the 16S rRNA gene based-rooted phylogenetic tree of gordoniaceae, mycobacteriaceae, nocardiaceae and burkholderiaceae. Bar, 0.01% estimated sequence divergence.

FIG. 3 shows the sequence similarity of Rhodococcus opacus (DSM 43205) 16S rRNA gene (NR_026186.1) to members of the family gordoniaceae, mycobacteriaceae, nocardiaceae and burkholderiaceae. The Genbank accession numbers, DNA length and % identity of analyzed genes are indicated.

FIG. 4 describes the nucleotide sequence alignment of the 16S rRNA genes SEQ ID NOs: 20-49.

FIG. 5 demonstrates the growth of chemotrophic and oleaginous microorganisms on different carbon sources. Bacterial growth was measured using optical density (OD) detection at 650 nm after the indicated days (in parentheses). Media and growth conditions described in the Examples section below. ND, not done.

FIG. 6 describes the measured lipid content of microorganisms on heterotrophic and chemoautotrophic growth conditions as a percentage of total cellular dry matter (CDM). Cells were grown under conditions described in FIG. 5, harvested after 72 hr (unless otherwise indicated) and analyzed by gas chromatography. For CDM, total dry weight was determined gravimetrically.

FIG. 7 describes the fatty acid profile of R. opacus (DSM 44193) under heterotrophic growth conditions. Cells were harvested after 72 hr and analyzed by gas chromatography.

FIGS. 8A-8B describe the fatty acid profile R. opacus (DSM43205) under heterotrophic (FIG. 8A) and chemoautotrophic (FIG. 8B) growth conditions. Cells were harvested after 72 hours of growth and analyzed by gas chromatography.

FIGS. 9A-9B describe the fatty acid profile Rhodococcus sp. (DSM 3346) under heterotrophic (FIG. 9A) chemoautotrophic (FIG. 9B) growth conditions. Cells were harvested after 72 hr and analyzed by gas chromatography.

FIG. 10 describes shuttle vectors (A) and genetic elements (B) for transformation and gene expression of in chemoautotrophic and oleaginous microorganisms. MCS: multiple cloning site.

FIGS. 11A-11D describe the map of the plasmids pSeqCO1 (FIG. 11A; SEQ ID: 01), pSeqCO2 (FIG. 11B; SEQ ID: 02), pVer1 (FIG. 11C; SEQ ID: 03) and pVer2 (FIG. 11D; SEQ ID: 04) described in FIG. 10. The genetic elements are indicated.

FIG. 12 describes the transformation of chemoautotrophic and oleaginous microorganisms with shuttle vectors described in FIG. 10.

FIG. 13 describes the growth of Cupriavidus necator (DSM531) transformed with the plasmid (Y) pSeqCO2 (SEQ ID:2) and untransformed (N) on different kanamycin concentrations. Single colony of transformants and control were grown LB medium (per 1 L: 10 g Bacto-tryptone, 5 g yeast extract, 10 g NaCl pH=7.0) at 30° C. in the indicated kanamycin concentrations. The growth was measured using O.D₆₅₀after the indicated number of days.

FIG. 14 describes the formation of fatty alcohols in oleaginous bacteria. The role of the fatty acyl-CoA reductases (FAR) gene in the biosynthesis pathway is shown. The Arabidopsis genes FAR1 (SEQ ID: 05), FAR2 (SEQ ID: 06) and FAR3 (SEQ ID: 07) were cloned into pSeqCO2 plasmid using the indicated restriction sites to give pSeqCO2::FAR1, pSeqCO2::FAR2, pSeqCO2::FAR3.

FIG. 15 describes the pathway for formation of fatty alcohols in burkholderiaceae using of the fatty acyl-CoA reductases (FAR) gene.

FIG. 16 describes the cloning strategy of FAR gene into pSeqCO2 plasmids. The Arabidopsis genes FAR1 (SEQ ID: 05), FAR2 (SEQ ID: 06) and FAR3 (SEQ ID: 07) were cloned into pSeqCO2 plasmid using the indicated restriction sites to give pSeqCO2::FAR1, pSeqCO2::FAR2, pSeqCO2::FAR3.

FIG. 17 describes the effect of FAR genes expression on fatty acid synthesis in Cupriavidus necator. C. necator cells were transformed with pSeqCO2::FAR1 (Cn-F1), pSeqCO2::FAR2 (Cn-F2) and control pSEqCO2 (Cn-P). Cells were harvested (3,000×g for 20 min at 4° C.) and fatty acids were analyzed by gas chromatography.

FIG. 18 describes the pathway for formation of hydrocarbons in oleaginous bacteria using the enzymes fatty acid acyl-ACP reductase (FadDR) and fatty acid aldehyde decarbonylase by (FAD) genes. Genes from the cyanobacterium (Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803) used in the experiment were FadR (SEQ ID: 08) and FAD (SEQ ID: 09) driven by the Synechocystis sp. Rubisco large subunit promoter (SEQ ID: 09) were cloned into pSeqCO2 plasmid using the indicated restriction sites to give pSeqCO2::FUEL.

FIG. 19 describes the pathway for formation of hydrocarbons in burkholderiaceae using the enzymes fatty acid acyl-ACP reductase (FadDR) and fatty acid aldehyde decarbonylase by (FAD) genes

FIG. 20 describes the restriction map related to the cloning strategy of FadDR and Fad genes into pSeqCO2 plasmid transformed for the experiment. Genes from the cyanobacterium (Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803) used in the experiment were FadR (SEQ ID: 08) and FAD (SEQ ID: 09) driven by the Synechocystis sp. Rubisco large subunit promoter (SEQ ID: 10) were cloned into pSeqCO2 plasmid using the indicated restriction sites to give pSeqCO2::FUEL.

FIGS. 21A-21B describe the production of Alkanes in Cupriavidus necator transformed with pSeqCO2::FUEL (Cn_FUEL2.1) (FIG. 21A) and empty vector (Cn-P) (FIG. 21B). GC chromatogram of hydrocarbon (peaks indicated with label) extracted from transformants grown in 50 ml LB media under previously identified conditions.

FIG. 22 describes the hydrocarbon specific products and distribution (percentage in parentheses) from Cupriavidus necator transformed with pSeqCO2::FUEL (Cn_FUEL2.1 and Cn_FUEL2.2) and empty vector (Cn-P).

FIG. 23 describes the effect of pSeqCO2::FUEL (Cn_FUEL2.1 and 2.2) and empty vector (Cn-P) on the fatty acids distribution under the experimental conditions described previously.

FIG. 24 describes the modification of the fatty acid chain length by the enzymatic action of thioesterase (TE) in oleaginous bacteria.

FIG. 25 describes the modification of the fatty acid chain length by the enzymatic action of fatty acyl-ACP thioesterase (TE) in burkholderiaceae.

FIG. 26 describes the similarity of Rhodococcus opacus (B4) thioesterases protein sequence (YP_002784058.1) to other organisms. The Genbank accession numbers, amino acid length and % identity of analyzed proteins are indicated.

FIGS. 27A-27G describe the fluorescence intensity of Rhodococcus Sp exposed to 0, 5, 10, and 20 seconds of (FIG. 27B, FIG. 27C, FIG. 27D and FIG. 27E respectively) of UV light and stained with Nile Red. A legend is shown in FIG. 27A. FACS analysis of untreated cells (negative control; no Nile Red staining and no UV exposure) (FIG. 27F) and mutated population with increased lipid content (FIG. 27G; P3) are shown.

FIG. 28 describes the chemoautotrophic growth of Cupriavidus necator transformed with pSeqCO2::FUEL (Cn-FUEL2.1), empty vector (Cn-P) and untransformed (Cn). Bacterial growth was measured at O.D₆₅₀after 12 days. Media and growth conditions described in FIG. 7.

FIG. 29 describes the affect of FAR genes expression on biosynthesis of cyclotetradecane in Cupriavidus necator. C. necator cells were transformed with pSeqCO2::FAR1 (Cn-F1), pSeqCO2::FAR2 (Cn-F2) and control pSEqCO2 (Cn-P). Cells were harvested (3,000×g for 10 min at 4° C.) and alkanes were analyzed by gas chromatography

FIG. 30 shows a schematic block flow diagram of a process for utilizing a gaseous C1 feedstock such as syngas to produce hydrocarbons using the microorganisms of the present invention.

FIG. 31 shows a schematic block flow diagram of a process for utilizing a gaseous C1 feedstock such as syngas to produce lipids using the microorganisms of the present invention with additional post-processing steps converting the lipids to drop-in fuels such as jet fuel and/or diesel.

FIG. 32 shows octadecanoic acid derivatives produced by at least one Kiverdi chemoautotrophic production strain. Experimental runs for fatty acid percent yields (grams of product/100 grams total fatty acid) from organisms Rhodococcus opacus (DSM 44193), Rhodococcus opacus (DSM 43205), and Cupriavidus necator.

FIG. 33 shows putative 12-hydroxylases culled by word searching Genbank.

FIG. 34 shows genes related to Vicia sativa P450 omega hydroxylases.

FIG. 35 shows a list of P450-dependent fatty acid omega hydroxylases.

FIG. 36 shows a list fatty acid hydroxylases.

FIG. 37 shows the percent fatty acid production for plasmid control (TKO4-P), thioesterase expression (TKO4-TE), and fatty acyl-CoA binding protein (TKO4-ACoA-BP).

FIG. 38 shows the percent fatty acid production for fatty acyl-CoA binding protein (TKO4-ACoABP) for T=22 C vs. T=30 C.

FIG. 39 shows (A) Fatty acid percentages (C12, C14, C16, and C18 chain lengths) for Cupriavidus necator (DSM531) organism with control plasmid pSeqCO2 (CN—P), with expression of exogenous thioesterase (CN-TE), and expression of fatty acyl-CoA binding protein (CN-ACBP). (B) Fatty acid percentages (C12 and C14) with expression of exogenous thioesterase (CN-TE), and expression of fatty acyl-CoA binding protein (CN-ACBP) compared with control (CN—P).

FIG. 40 shows Fatty acid percentages (C12, C14, C16, and C18 chain lengths) for Cupriavidus necator expressing ACBP at T=22° C. vs. T=30° C.

FIG. 41 shows the map of the plasmid pSeqCO2::ACBP. The genetic elements are indicated.

FIG. 42 shows growth (optical density) of Alcaligenes eutrophus on H2, CO2 and O2 to a cell density of 35 g/l (dry cell weight). Alcaligenes eutrophus was grown microaerobically. Several aspects involve growing Alcaligenes eutrophus or other oxyhydrogen microbes, either engineered or not engineered, to a high cell density microaerobically on syngas components (H2, CO2 and/or CO) then switching to anaerobic bioprocessing for the production of 1,3 butandiol and other organic compounds, which are secreted.

FIG. 43 shows 2.3 Butatadiol pathways.

FIG. 44 shows the pathway of introducing BDO metabolic pathway to a organism.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Various terms relating to the methods and other aspects of the present invention are used throughout the specification and claims. Such terms are to be given their ordinary meaning in the art unless otherwise indicated. Other specifically defined terms are to be construed in a manner consistent with the definition provided herein.
As used in this specification and the appended claims, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” include plural referents unless the content clearly dictates otherwise.
The term “about” as used herein when referring to a measurable value such as an amount, a temporal duration, and the like, is meant to encompass variations of ±20%, ±10%, ±5%, ±1%, or ±0.1% from the specified value, as such variations are appropriate to perform the disclosed methods.
The terms “amino acid” refer to a molecule containing both an amine group and a carboxyl group that are bound to a carbon, which is designated the α-carbon. Suitable amino acids include, without limitation, both the D- and L-isomers of the naturally occurring amino acids, as well as non-naturally occurring amino acids prepared by organic synthesis or other metabolic routes. In some embodiments, a single “amino acid” might have multiple sidechain moieties, as available per an extended aliphatic or aromatic backbone scaffold. Unless the context specifically indicates otherwise, the term amino acid, as used herein, is intended to include amino acid analogs.
The term “biodiesel” refers to a biologically produced fatty acid alkyl ester suitable for use as a fuel in a diesel engine.
The term “biomass” refers to a material produced by growth and/or propagation of cells. Biomass may contain cells and/or intracellular contents as well as extracellular material, includes, but is not limited to, compounds secreted by a cell.
The term “bioreactor” or “fermentor” refers to a closed or partially closed vessel in which cells are grown and maintained. The cells may be, but are not necessarily held in liquid suspension. In some embodiments rather than being held in liquid suspension, cells may alternatively be growing and/or maintained in contact with, on, or within another non-liquid substrate including but not limited to a solid growth support material.
The term “catalyst” refers to a chemical actor, such as a molecule or macromolecular structure, which accelerates the speed at which a chemical reaction occurs where a reactant or reactants is converted into a product or products, while the catalyst is not turned into a product itself, or otherwise changed or consumed at the completion of the chemical reaction. After a catalyst participates in one chemical reaction, because it is unchanged, it may participate in further chemical reactions, acting on additional reactants to create additional products. To accelerate a chemical reaction a catalyst decreases the activation energy barrier across the reaction path allowing it to occur at a colder temperature, or faster at a given temperature. In this way a more rapid approach of the system to chemical equilibrium may be achieved. Catalysts subsume enzymes, which are protein catalysts.
The term “cellulosic material” refers to any material with a high amount of cellulose, which is a polysaccharide having the formula (C₆H₁₀O₅)_n, that generally consists of a linear chain of hundreds to thousands of β(1→4) linked D-glucose monomers. Sources of cellulosic material include but are not limited to cardboard, cotton, corn stover, paper, lumber chips, sawdust, sugar beet pulp, sugar cane bagasses, and switchgrass.
The term “CoA” or “coenzyme A” refers to an organic cofactor for condensing enzymes involved in fatty acid synthesis and oxidation, pyruvate oxidation, acetyl or other acyl group transfer, and in other acetylation.
The term “cofactor” subsumes all molecules needed by an enzyme to perform its catalytic activity. In some embodiments, the cofactor is any molecule apart from the substrate.
A “conservative amino acid substitution” is one in which the amino acid residue is replaced with an amino acid residue having a similar side chain. Families of amino acid residues having similar side chains have been defined in the art. These families include amino acids with basic side chains (e.g., K, R, H), acidic side chains (e.g., D, E), uncharged polar side chains (e.g., G, N, Q, S, T, Y, C, H), nonpolar side chains (e.g., G, A, V, L, I, P, F, M, W), beta-branched side chains (e.g., T, V, I) and aromatic side chains (e.g., Y, F, W, H). Thus, a predicted nonessential amino acid residue in an amino acid sequence encoded by an exogenous nucleic acid sequence, for example, is replaced with another amino acid residue from the same side chain family. Other examples of acceptable substitutions are substitutions based on isosteric considerations (e.g. norleucine for methionine) or other biochemical properties (e.g. 2-thienylalanine for phenylalanine).
As used herein, “enzyme fragment” is meant to refer to a fragment of an enzyme that includes the sequences sufficient to function substantially similar to the function of the wild-type enzyme upon which the fragment sequence is based. Fragments are generally 10 or more amino acids in length. Some preferred lengths of fatty acid reductase are at least 10, at least 15, at least 20, at least 25, at least 30, at least 35, at least 40, at least 45, at least 50, at least 55, at least 60, at least 65, at least 70, at least 75, at least 80, at least 85, at least 90, at least 95, at least 100, at least 105, at least 110, at least 115, at least 120, at least 125, at least 130, at least 135, at least 140, at least 145, at least 150, at least 155, at least 160, at least 165, at least 170, at least 175, at least 180, at least 185, at least 190, at least 195, at least 200, at least 205, at least 210 at least 215, at least 220, at least 225, least 230 at least 235, at least 240, at least 245, at least 250, at least 255, at least 260, at least 265, at least 270, at least 275, at least 280, at least 285, at least 290, at least 295, at least 300, at least 305, at least 310, at least 315, at least 320, at least 325, at least 330, at least 335, at least 340, at least 345, at least 350, at least 355, at least 360, at least 365, at least 370, at least 375, at least 380, at least 385, at least 390, at least 395, at least 400, at least 405, at least 410, at least 415, at least 420, at least 425, or at least 430 amino acids in length. Some preferred lengths of fatty acid reductase fragments are 15 or fewer, 20 or fewer, 25 or fewer, 30 or fewer, 35 or fewer, 40 or fewer, 45 or fewer, 50 or fewer, 55 or fewer, 60 or fewer, 65 or fewer, 70 or fewer, 75 or fewer, 80 or fewer, 85 or fewer, 90 or fewer, 95 or fewer, 100 or fewer, 105 or fewer, 110 or fewer, 115 or fewer, 120 or fewer, 125 or fewer, 130 or fewer, 135 or fewer, 140 or fewer, 145 or fewer, 150 or fewer, 155 or fewer, 160 or fewer, 165 or fewer, 170 or fewer, 175 or fewer, 180 or fewer, 185 or fewer, 190 or fewer, 195 or fewer, 200 or fewer, 205 or fewer, 210 or fewer, 215 or fewer, 220 or fewer, 225 or fewer, 230 or fewer, 235 or fewer, 240 or fewer, 245 or fewer, 250 or fewer, 255 or fewer, 260 or fewer, 265 or fewer, 270 or fewer, 275 or fewer, 280 or fewer, 285 or fewer, 290 or fewer, 295 or fewer, 300 or fewer, 305 or fewer, 310 or fewer, 315 or fewer, 320 or fewer, 325 or fewer, 330 or fewer, 335 or fewer, 340 or fewer, 345 or fewer, 350 or fewer, 355 or fewer, 360 or fewer, 365 or fewer, 370 or fewer, 375 or fewer, 380 or fewer, 385 or fewer, 390 or fewer, 395 or fewer, 400 or fewer, 415 or fewer, 420 or fewer, 425 or fewer, 430 or fewer, or 435 or fewer. Some preferred lengths of fatty acid decarbonylase are at least 10, at least 15, at least 20, at least 25, at least 30, at least 35, at least 40, at least 45, at least 50, at least 55, at least 60, at least 65, at least 70, at least 75, at least 80, at least 85, at least 90, at least 95, at least 100, at least 105, at least 110, at least 115, at least 120, at least 125, at least 130, at least 135, at least 140, at least 145, at least 150, at least 155, at least 160, at least 165, at least 170, at least 175, at least 180, at least 185, at least 190, at least 195, at least 200, at least 205, at least 210 at least 215, at least 220, at least 225, least 230 at least 235, at least 240, at least 245, at least 250, at least 255, at least 260, at least 265, at least 270, at least 275, at least 280, at least 285, at least 290, at least 295, at least 300, at least 305, at least 310, at least 315, at least 320, at least 325, at least 330, at least 335, at least 340, at least 345, at least 350, at least 355, at least 360, at least 365, at least 370, at least 375, at least 380, at least 385, at least 390, at least 395, at least 400, at least 405, at least 410, at least 415, or at least 420 amino acids long. In some embodiments, the lengths of the fatty acid decarbonylase fragments are 15 or fewer, amino acids, 20 or fewer, 25 or fewer, 30 or fewer, 35 or fewer, 40 or fewer, 45 or fewer, 50 or fewer, 55 or fewer, 60 or fewer, 65 or fewer, 70 or fewer, 75 or fewer, 80 or fewer, 85 or fewer, 90 or fewer, 95 or fewer, 100 or fewer, 105 or fewer, 110 or fewer, 115 or fewer, 120 or fewer, 125 or fewer, 130 or fewer, 135 or fewer, 140 or fewer, 145 or fewer, 150 or fewer, 155 or fewer, 160 or fewer, 165 or fewer, 170 or fewer, 175 or fewer, 180 or fewer, 185 or fewer, 190 or fewer, 195 or fewer, 200 or fewer, 205 or fewer, 210 or fewer, 215 or fewer, 220 or fewer, 225 or fewer, 230 or fewer, 235 or fewer, 240 or fewer, 245 or fewer, 250 or fewer, 255 or fewer, 260 or fewer, 265 or fewer, 270 or fewer, 275 or fewer, 280 or fewer, 285 or fewer, 290 or fewer, 295 or fewer, 300 or fewer, 305 or fewer, 310 or fewer, 315 or fewer, 320 or fewer, 325 or fewer, 330 or fewer, 335 or fewer, 340 or fewer, 345 or fewer, 350 or fewer, 355 or fewer, 360 or fewer, 365 or fewer, 370 or fewer, 375 or fewer, 380 or fewer, 385 or fewer, 390 or fewer, 395 or fewer, 400 or fewer, 415 or fewer, 422 or fewer. Some preferred lengths of thioesterase fragments are at least 10 amino acids, at least 15, at least 20, at least 25, at least 30, at least 35, at least 40, at least 45, at least 50, at least 55, at least 60, at least 65, at least 70, at least 75, at least 80, at least 85, at least 90, at least 95, at least 100, at least 105, at least 110, at least 115, at least 120, at least 125, at least 130, at least 135, at least 140, at least 145, at least 150, at least 155, at least 160, at least 165, at least 170, at least 175, at least 180, at least 185, at least 190, at least 195, at least 200, at least 205, at least 210 at least 215, at least 220, at least 225, least 230 at least 235, at least 240, at least 245, at least 250 or at least 255. Some preferred lengths of thioesterase fragments are 15 or fewer, 20 or fewer, 25 or fewer, 30 or fewer, 35 or fewer, 40 or fewer, 45 or fewer, 50 or fewer, 55 or fewer, 60 or fewer, 65 or fewer, 70 or fewer, 75 or fewer, 80 or fewer, 85 or fewer, 90 or fewer, 95 or fewer, 100 or fewer, 105 or fewer, 110 or fewer, 115 or fewer, 120 or fewer, 125 or fewer, 130 or fewer, 135 or fewer, 140 or fewer, 145 or fewer, 150 or fewer, 155 or fewer, 160 or fewer, 165 or fewer, 170 or fewer, 175 or fewer, 180 or fewer, 185 or fewer, 190 or fewer, 195 or fewer, 200 or fewer, 205 or fewer, 210 or fewer, 215 or fewer, 220 or fewer, 225 or fewer, 230 or fewer, 235 or fewer, 240 or fewer, 245 or fewer, 250 or fewer, 255 or fewer or 260 or fewer amino acids. As used in the paragraph herein reference to preferred fragment sizes are intended to refer to all permutation of ranges between at least and less than such as ranges may be any number set forth as an “at least” size to any number set forth as an “less than t” size in order to provide a range of sizes such as 20-400, 20-30, 40-100, etc.
The terms “exogenous gene” or “exogenous nucleic acid” means a nucleic acid that has been recombinantly introduced into a cell, which encodes the synthesis of RNA and/or protein. In some embodiments, the exogenous gene is introduced by transformation. In some embodiments, the exogenous gene is introduced into the cell by electroporation. A transformed cell may be referred to as a recombinant cell, into which additional exogenous gene(s) may be introduced. The exogenous gene put into the host species may be taken from a different species (this is called heterologous), or it may naturally occur within the same species (this is homologous as defined below). Therefore, exogenous genes subsume homologous genes that are integrated within or introduced to regions of the genome, episome, or plasmid that differ from the locations where the gene naturally occurs. Multiple copies of the exogenous gene may be introduced into the cell. An exogenous gene may be present in more than one copy within the host cell or transformed cell. In some embodiments, the microorganism comprises between and including 1 and 1,000 copies of the nucleic acid that encodes an exogenous protein. In some embodiments, the microorganism comprises between and including 1 and 10,000 copies of the nucleic acid that encodes an exogenous protein. In some embodiments, the microorganism comprises between and including 1 and 500 copies of the nucleic acid that encodes an exogenous protein. In some embodiments, the exogenous gene is maintained by a cell as an insertion into the genome or as an episomal molecule. In some embodiments, the microorganism comprises no more than 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, or 1000 copies of the one or more nucleic acids that encode one or more exogenous proteins.
As used herein, the term “expressible form” refers to gene constructs that contain the necessary regulatory elements operably linked to a coding sequence that encodes an enzyme or fragment thereof capable of conferring enzymatic activity to a cell, such that when present in the cell, the coding sequence will be expressed. In some embodiments of the invention, the composition comprising the microorganisms or bacterial cells of the present invention comprise no more than ten expressible forms of exogenous nucleic acid sequences. In some embodiments of the invention, the composition comprising the microorganisms or bacterial cells of the present invention comprise no more than nine expressible forms of exogenous nucleic acid sequences. In some embodiments of the invention, the composition comprising the microorganisms or bacterial cells of the present invention comprise no more than eight expressible forms of exogenous nucleic acid sequences. In some embodiments of the invention, the composition comprising the microorganisms or bacterial cells of the present invention comprise no more than seven expressible forms of exogenous nucleic acid sequences. In some embodiments of the invention, the composition comprising the microorganisms or bacterial cells of the present invention comprise no more than six expressible forms of exogenous nucleic acid sequences. In some embodiments of the invention, the composition comprising the microorganisms or bacterial cells of the present invention comprise no more than five expressible forms of exogenous nucleic acid sequences. In some embodiments of the invention, the composition comprising the microorganisms or bacterial cells of the present invention comprise no more than four expressible forms of exogenous nucleic acid sequences. In some embodiments of the invention, the composition comprising the microorganisms or bacterial cells of the present invention comprise no more than three expressible forms of exogenous nucleic acid sequences. In some embodiments of the invention, the composition comprising the microorganisms or bacterial cells of the present invention comprise no more than two expressible forms of exogenous nucleic acid sequences. In some embodiments of the invention, the composition comprising the microorganisms or bacterial cells of the present invention comprise no more than one expressible form of an exogenous nucleic acid sequences. In other embodiments of the invention, the composition comprising the microorganisms or bacterial cells of the present invention comprises more than ten expressible forms of exogenous nucleic acid sequences.
SEQ ID NO: 1 refers to Sequesco plasmid sequence 1.
SEQ ID NO:2 refers to Sequesco plasmid sequence 2.
SEQ ID NO: 3 refers to Sequesco plasmid Ver1 plasmid sequence.
SEQ ID NO:4 refers to Sequesco plasmid Ver2 plasmid sequence.
SEQ ID NO:5 refers to Arabidopsis gene FAR1.
SEQ ID NO: 6 refers to Arabidopsis gene FAR2.
SEQ ID NO: 7 refers to Arabidopsis gene FAR3.
SEQ ID NO:8 refers to cyanobacterium FadR.
SEQ ID NO:9 refers to cyanobacterium FAD.
SEQ ID NO: 10 refers to cyanobacterium Rubisco large subunit promoter SEQ ID NO: 11, refers to the 16S rRNA sequence from the genus Rhodococcus opacus DSM43205 SEQ ID NO: 12 refers to the 16S rRNA sequence from the genus Rhodococcus opacus B4.
SEQ ID NO: 13 refers to the 16S rRNA sequence from the genus Ralstonia.
SEQ ID NO: 14 refers to Rhodococcus opacus TE The terms “fatty acyl-ACP thioesterase” (TE) mean an enzyme that catalyzes the cleavage of a fatty acid from an acyl carrier protein (ACP) during lipid synthesis.
The terms “fatty acyl-CoA reductase” (FAR) refers to an enzyme catalyzing the reaction that produces a fatty alcohol from an acyl-CoA molecule by reduction.
The terms “fatty acyl-ACP/acyl-CoA reductase” (FadR) refers to an enzyme catalyzing the reaction that produces a fatty aldehyde from an acyl-ACP or acyl-CoA molecule by reduction.
The terms “fatty aldehyde decarbonylase” (FAD) refers to an enzyme catalyzing the reaction that produces an alkane from a fatty aldehyde molecule by decarbonylization.
The terms “fatty aldehyde reductase” refers to an enzyme catalyzing the reaction that produces a fatty alcohol from a fatty aldehyde molecule by reduction.
As used herein, the term “functional fragment” is meant to refer to a fragment of any polypeptide or amino acid sequence that is encoded by an exogenous nucleic acid sequence of the present invention which retains its ability to function like the amino acid sequence to which the fragment is homologous. Functional fragments of enzymes are at least about 5 amino acids in length derived from enzyme and may comprise non-wild-type amino acid sequences. One having ordinary skill in the art can readily determine whether a protein or peptide is a functional fragment of a particular amino acid sequence by examining its sequence and testing its ability to function in a fashion similar to that function of the amino acid sequence upon which the fragment is based. Truncated versions of exogenous proteins may be prepared and tested using routine methods and readily available starting material. As used herein, the term “functional fragment” is also meant to refer to peptides, polypeptides, amino acid sequence linked by non-peptidal bonds, or proteins which comprise an amino acid sequence that is identical or substantially homologous to at least a portion of the exogenous amino acid sequence and which are capable of functioning in a similar function to the exogenous amino acid sequence to which the fragment is homologous. The term “substantially homologous” refers to an amino acid sequence that has conservative substitutions. One having ordinary skill in the art can produce functional fragments of the FAR, FadD, FAD, thioesterase, cytochrome P450 enzyme, desaturase, and hydroxylase amino acid sequences following the disclosure provided herein and well known techniques. The functional fragments thus identified may be used and formulated in place of full length FAR, FadD, FAD, thioesterase, cytochrome P450 enzyme, desaturase, and hydroxylase without undue experimentation.
The term “gasification” refers to a generally high temperature (>700° C.) process that converts carbonaceous materials into a mixture of gases including hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide called syngas or producer gas. The process generally involves partial combustion and/or the application of externally generated heat along with the controlled addition of oxygen and/or steam.
As used herein, “homologous” refers to the sequences homology between two nucleic acid sequences or two amino acid sequences. Two nucleic acid sequences or two amino acid sequences that are sufficiently homologous to retain immunogenic function are “homologues.” Sequence homology for nucleotides and amino acids may be determined using FASTA, BLAST and Gapped BLAST (Altschul et al., Nuc. Acids Res., 1997, 25, 3389, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety) and PAUP* 4.0b10 software (D. L. Swofford, Sinauer Associates, Massachusetts). “Percentage of similarity” is calculated using PAUP* 4.0b10 software (D. L. Swofford, Sinauer Associates, Massachusetts). The average similarity of the enzymatic sequence or 16S rRNA sequence is calculated compared to all sequences in the phylogenic tree. Briefly, the BLAST algorithm, which stands for Basic Local Alignment Search Tool is suitable for determining sequence similarity (Altschul et al., J. Mol. Biol., 1990, 215, 403410, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety). Software for performing BLAST analyses is publicly available though the National Center for Biotechnology Information (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/). This algorithm involves first identifying high scoring sequence pair (HSPs) by identifying short words of length W in the query sequence that either match or satisfy some positive-valued threshold score T when aligned with a word of the same length in a database sequence. T is referred to as the neighborhood word score threshold (Altschul et al., supra). These initial neighborhood word hits act as seeds for initiating searches to find HSPs containing them. The word hits are extended in both directions along each sequence for as far as the cumulative alignment score can be increased. Extension for the word hits in each direction are halted when: 1) the cumulative alignment score falls off by the quantity X from its maximum achieved value; 2) the cumulative score goes to zero or below, due to the accumulation of one or more negative-scoring residue alignments; or 3) the end of either sequence is reached. The Blast algorithm parameters W, T and X determine the sensitivity and speed of the alignment. The Blast program uses as defaults a word length (W) of 11, the BLOSUM62 scoring matrix (see Henikoff et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 1992, 89, 10915-10919, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety) alignments (B) of 50, expectation (E) of 10, M=5, N=4, and a comparison of both strands. The BLAST algorithm (Karlin et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 1993, 90, 5873-5787, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety) and Gapped BLAST perform a statistical analysis of the similarity between two sequences. One measure of similarity provided by the BLAST algorithm is the smallest sum probability (P(N)), which provides an indication of the probability by which a match between two nucleotide sequences would occur by chance. For example, a nucleic acid is considered similar to another if the smallest sum probability in comparison of the test nucleic acid to the other nucleic acid is less than about 1, preferably less than about 0.1, more preferably less than about 0.01, and most preferably less than about 0.001.
The term “hydrocarbon” refers to a molecule composed exclusively of carbon and hydrogen atoms with the carbons bonded covalently in a branched, cyclic, linear, or partially cyclic chain and with hydrogen atoms covalently bonded to the carbons such that the chemical octet rule for the carbons is generally satisfied. In some hydrocarbons there may occur some number of double or triple bonds between adjacent carbon atoms in the chain. Thus, the label hydrocarbon subsumes branched, cyclic, linear, branched, or partially cyclic alkanes (also called paraffins), alkenes (also called olefins), and alkynes. The structure of hydrocarbon molecules range from the smallest, methane (CH₄), a primary component of natural gas, to high molecular weight complex molecules including asphaltenes present in bitumens crude oil, and petroleum. Other examples include dodecane (C12), hexadecane (C16), or octadecane (C18) etc. Hydrocarbons of the present invention may be in gaseous, liquid, or solid phases, either as singly or in multiply coexisting phases. In some embodiments, the hydrocarbons are selected from one or more of the following: linear, branched, cyclic, or partially cyclic alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, lipids, and paraffin. In some embodiments the hydrocarbon are selected from one or more of the following: octane, squalene Spiro[4.5]decane, Bicyclo[10.8.0]eicosane, cis,cis-1,6-Dimethylspiro[4.5]decane, 1,19-Eicosadiene, Cyclooctacosane, Bicyclo[10.8.0]eicosane, 1-Pentadecyne, 1-Pentadecyne, Heptacosyl acetate, 5-Cyclohexyl-1-pentene, 1-Hexadecyne and Cyclodecacyclotetradecene, -eicosahydro.
The term “hydrophobic fraction” gives the fraction of matter that has low solubility in water and greater solubility in a hydrophobic phase than in an aqueous phase. In some embodiments, the hydrophobic fraction is non-polar. In some embodiments, the genetically modified bacterial cells described herein increase the hydrophobic fraction in a cell as compared to the same cell that is not genetically modified.
The term “improve lipid yield” refers to an increase in the lipid production of an organism through any means. In some embodiments, the increase is caused by raising the cell dry weight density of a microbial culture and/or raising the fraction of cell mass that is composed of lipid and/or reducing the cell doubling time and/or the biomass doubling time, resulting in an overall increase in the lipid production rate per unit volume.
The terms “jet fuel” means a fuel useful for igniting in the engine of an aircraft comprising a mixture of kerosene (mixture of C9-C16 alkanes of a certain percentage) combined with typical additives. In some embodiments the jet fuel may comprise a mixture of ingredients specified by the Jet A-1, Jet A, Jet B, JP1, JP-2, JP-3, JP-4, JP-5, JP-6, JP-7, JP-8, or other similar compositions. In some embodiments, the jet fuels comprise at least one or more typical additive chosen from antioxidants (including phenolic antioxidants), static inhibitors, corrosion inhibitors, fuel system icing inhibitors, lubrication improvers, biocides, and thermal stability improvers (DOD 1992; IARC 1989; Pearson 1988). These additives are used only in specified amounts, as governed by military specifications (DOD 1992; IARC 1989). Straight-run kerosene, the basic component of the kerosene used for jet fuels, consists of hydrocarbons with carbon numbers mostly in the C9-C16 range. Like all jet fuels, straight-run kerosene consists of a complex mixture of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons (LARC 1989). Aliphatic alkanes (paraffins) and cycloalkanes (naphthenes) are hydrogen saturated, clean burning, and chemically stable and together constitute the major part of kerosene (IARC 1989). In some embodiments, the jet fuel comprises from between about 10%-20% aromatics and less than 1% of olefins. In some embodiments, the boiling range of the jet fuels is well above the boiling point of benzene. In some embodiments, the jet fuel comprises less than or equal to 0.02% of benzene and less than or equal to 0.01% of PAHs.
The term “knallgas” refers to the mixture of molecular hydrogen and oxygen gas. A “knallgas microorganism” is a microbe that can use hydrogen as an electron donor and oxygen as an electron acceptor in the generation of intracellular energy carriers such as Adenosine-5′-triphosphate (ATP). The terms “oxyhydrogen” and “oxyhydrogen microorganism” can be used synonymously with “knallgas” and “knallgas microorganism” respectively.
The term “lignocellulosic material” is any material composed of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin where the carbohydrate polymers (cellulose and hemicelluloses) are tightly bound to lignin. Lignocellulosic materials subsume agricultural residues (including corn stover and sugarcane bagasse), most biomass energy crops, wood residues (including sawmill and paper mill discards), and a substantial fraction of municipal waste.
The terms “lipids” refers to category of molecules that can be dissolved in nonpolar solvents (such as chloroform and/or ether) and which also have low or no solubility in water. The hydrophobic character of lipids molecules typically results from the presence of long chain hydrocarbon sections within the molecule. Lipids subsume the following molecule types: hydrocarbons, fatty acids (saturated and unsaturated), fatty alcohols, fatty aldehydes, hydroxy acids, diacids, monoglycerides, diglycerides, triglycerides, phospholipids, sphingolipids, sterols such as cholesterol and steroid hormones, fat-soluble vitamins (such as vitamins A, D, E and K), polyketides, terpenoids, and waxes.
The term “lipid modification enzyme” corresponds to an enzyme that catalyzes a reaction changing a lipid's covalent bonds such as TE, FAR, FadR, FAD, fatty aldehyde reductase, lipase, cytochrome P450 enzyme, desaturase, or hydroxylase. Any enzyme that catalyzes a reaction step or steps in lipid synthesis, catabolism, or modification, including carrier proteins, is called a “lipid pathway enzyme”.
The term “lysate” refers to the liquid containing a mixture and/or a solution of cell contents that result from cell lysis. In some embodiments, the methods of the present invention comprise a purification of hydrocarbons or mixture of hydrocarbons in a cellular lysate. In some embodiments, the methods of the present invention comprise a purification of lipids and/or hydrocarbons and/or a mixture of hydrocarbons in a cellular lysate.
The term “lysis” refers to the rupture of the plasma membrane and if present the cell wall of a cell such that a significant amount of intracellular material escapes to the extracellular space. Lysis can be performed using electrochemical, mechanical, osmotic, thermal, or viral means. In some embodiments, the methods of the present invention comprise performing a lysis of cells or microorganisms described herein in order to separate a hydrocarbon or mixture of hydrocarbons from the contents of a bioreactor. In some embodiments, the methods of the present invention comprise performing a lysis of cells or microorganisms described herein in order to separate a lipid or hydrocarbon or mixture of lipids or hydrocarbons or a mixture of lipids and hydrocarbons from the contents of a bioreactor.
The terms “microorganism” and “microbe” mean microscopic single celled life forms.
The term “molecule” means any distinct or distinguishable structural unit of matter comprising one or more atoms, and includes for example hydrocarbons, lipids, polypeptides and polynucleotides.
The term “natural strain” means any wild-type or mutant organism that has not had exogenous genes encoded in it.
The term “oleaginous” refers to something that is rich in oil or produces oil in high quantities.
The term “organic compound” refers to any gaseous, liquid, or solid chemical compounds which contain carbon atoms with the following exceptions that are considered inorganic: carbides, carbonates, simple oxides of carbon, cyanides, and allotropes of pure carbon such as diamond and graphite.
The term “precursor to” or “precursor of” jet fuel, diesel fuel, or biodiesel fuel means a lipid intermediate of one or more of the components of jet, diesel fuel, or biodiesel fuel. For instance, jet fuel is a complex mixture of hydrocarbons that varies depending on crude source and manufacturing process. Consequently, it is impossible to define the exact composition of jet fuel. Specification of jet fuel has therefore evolved primarily as a performance specification rather than a compositional specification and the hydrocarbons typically range between 8 and 17 carbon atoms in hydrocarbon chain length. In some embodiments, a precursor to jet fuel may be composition comprising at least one hydrocarbon having a carbon chain length of 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, or more carbon atoms and having the commonly known specifications for Jet A-1, Jet A, Jet B, JP1, JP-2, JP-3, JP-4, JP-5, JP-6, JP-7, JP-8 fuel when in isolation or mixture with other hydrocarbons. In some embodiments, the precursor to jet fuel is a mixture of different carbon backbone lengths of 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, or more carbon atoms with the commonly known specifications for Jet A-1, Jet A, Jet B, JP1, JP-2, JP-3, JP-4, JP-5, JP-6, JP-7, JP-8 fuel, or other jet fuels. In some embodiments, the precursor to jet fuel may be one or more hydrocarbons that, when exposed to cracking and/or deoxygention and/or isomerization, may be used as a component of Jet A-1, Jet A, Jet B, JP1, JP-2, JP-3, JP-4, JP-5, JP-6, JP-7, JP-8 fuel or other jet fuels.
The term “producing” includes both the production of compounds intracellularly and extracellularly, which is to include the secretion of compounds from the cell.
“Promoter” is a control DNA sequence that regulates transcription. For purposes of the invention, a promoter may includes nucleic acid sequences near the start site of transcription that are required for proper function of the promoter, as for example, a TATA element for a promoter of polymerase II type. Promoters of the present invention can include distal enhancer or repressor elements that may lie in positions up to many thousands of base pairs away from the start site of transcription. The term “inducible promoter” refers to an operable linkage between a promoter and a nucleic acid where the promoter's mediation of nucleic acid transcription is sensitive to a specific stimulus. In some embodiments, the inducible promoter requires a cofactor which can be added to the environment of the composition comprising the nucleic acid sequence that contains the inducible promoter. An “operable linkage” refers to an operative connection between nucleic acid sequences, such as for example between a control sequence (e.g. a promoter) and another sequence that codes for a protein i.e. a coding sequence. If a promoter can regulate transcription of an exogenous gene then it is in operable linkage with the gene.
The term “syngas” (from synthetic gas or synthesis gas) refers to a gas mixture that contains various proportions of hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide, and which typically also includes a variety of impurities such as methane, hydrogen sulfide, condensable gases, and tars. “Producer gas” is a related term that generally refers to gas mixes similar to syngas except for the presence of a large N₂component that results from using air directly in the gasification process.

Bacterial Species

The invention relates to chemotrophic bacterial strains that comprise one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences. The present invention results from the discovery that chemotrophic bacteria and particular related microorganisms provide unforeseen advantages in the economic and large scale production of chemicals, oils, fuels, and other hydrocarbon or lipid substances from gaseous and waste carbon feedstocks, and also from the discovery of genetic techniques and systems for modifying these microorganisms for improved performance in these applications. The lipids and other biochemicals synthesized by the microorganisms of the present invention can be applied to uses including but not limited to transportation fuel, petrochemical substitutes, monomers, feedstock for the production of polymers, lubricants, as ingredients in animal feed, food, personal care, and cosmetic products. In some embodiments triglycerides produced in the present invention can be converted by transesterification to long-chain fatty acid esters useful as biodiesel fuel. In some embodiments of the present invention enzymatic and chemical processes can be utilized to produce alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, hydroxy acids, fatty aldehydes, fatty alcohols, fatty acids, diacids, and unsaturated fatty acids. Some embodiments enable the production of renewable jet fuel, diesel, or other hydrocarbons. In addition, the present invention gives methods for culturing and/or modifying chemotrophic bacteria for improved lipid yield and/or lower production costs. In some embodiments the genetically modified bacteria produce more of a certain type or types of lipid molecules as compared to the same bacteria that is not genetically modified.
The present invention relates to compositions comprising and methods of using genetically modified microorganisms to produce and/or secrete carbon-based products from conversion of gaseous carbon feedstocks including but not limited to syngas or producer gas. The present invention relates to methods and mechanisms to confer production and/or secretion of carbon-based products of interest including but not limited to ethylene, chemicals, monomers, polymers, n-alkanes, branched alkanes, cycloalkanes, alkenes, alkynes, hydroxy acids, fatty alcohols, fatty acids, diacids, unsaturated fatty acids, aldehydes, hydrocarbons, isoprenoids, proteins, polysaccharides, nutraceutical or pharmaceutical products or intermediates thereof in obligate or facultative chemotrophic organisms such that these organisms convert carbon dioxide and/or other forms of inorganic carbon and/or syngas and/or other C₁compounds such as methanol and/or the liquid, gaseous, and solid products of pyrolytic reactions such as pyrolysis oil, into carbon-based products of interest, and in particular the use of such organisms for the commercial production of ethylene, chemicals, monomers, polymers, n-alkanes, branched alkanes, cycloalkanes, alkenes, alkynes, hydroxy acids, fatty alcohols, fatty acids, diacids, unsaturated fatty acids, fatty aldehydes, hydrocarbons, isoprenoids, proteins, polysaccharides, nutraceutical or pharmaceutical products or intermediates thereof.
Chemoautotrophs are capable of performing chemosynthetic reactions that fix CO2, and/or other forms of inorganic carbon, to organic compounds, using the potential energy stored in inorganic chemicals to drive the reaction, rather than radiant energy from light as in microorganisms performing photosynthesis [Shively et al, 1998; Smith et al, 1967; Hugler et al, 2005; Hugker et al., 2005; Scott and Cavanaugh, 2007]. Carbon fixing biochemical pathways that occur in chemoautotrophs include the reductive tricarboxylic acid cycle, the Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycle [Jessup Shively, Geertje van Kaulen, Wim Meijer, Annu. Rev. Microbiol., 1998, 191-230], and the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway [Ljungdahl, 1986; Gottschalk, 1989; Lee, 2008; Fischer, 2008].
The invention relates to compositions comprising and methods of using chemoautotrophic metabolism to produce ATP for the support of ATP consuming synthetic reactions and cellular maintenance, without the co-production of methane or short chain organic acids such as acetic or butyric acid, by means of energy conserving reactions for the production of ATP using inorganic electron donors, including but not limited to the oxyhydrogen reaction.
The production of hydrocarbons or other lipids with carbon chain lengths longer than C₄is most commonly and efficiently accomplished biologically through fatty acid biosynthesis [Fischer, Klein-Marcuschamer, Stephanolpoulos, Metabolic Engineering (2008) 10, 295-304]. The initial molecule entering into the fatty acid biosynthesis pathway is acetyl-coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA), a central metabolite from which many high value biochemicals can be derived. In some embodiments, the invention utilizes microorganisms with a naturally occurring pathway for the conversion of CO, CO₂and/or H₂to acetyl-CoA. In some embodiments, the invention utilizes microorganisms that can fix CO and/or CO₂through the reductive tricarboxylic acid cycle, the Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycle, and/or the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway. In some embodiments the invention utilizes microorganisms that fix C1 compounds through a methanotropic pathway. In some embodiments the microorganisms naturally produce enzymes that catalyze the fixation of gaseous inorganic carbon to produce acetyl-CoA, utilizing gaseous electron donors such as are present in syngas as reducing agents, with such enzymatic proteins including but not limited to acetyl-CoA synthase, acetyl-CoA synthase disulfide reductase, cobalamide corrinoid/iron-sulfur protein, carbon monoxide dehydrogenase, hydrogenase, and methyltransferase.
Unlike methanogenic, acetogenic and solventogenic pathways, present in methanogens and acetogens respectively, which can produce short chain organic compounds (C1-C4) with net ATP production or zero net consumption, fatty acid synthesis involves net ATP consumption. For example the following gives the net reaction for synthesis of Palmitic acid (C16) starting from Acetyl-CoA:
8Acetyl-CoA+7ATP+H₂O+14NADPH+14H⁺->Palmitic acid+SCoA+14NADP⁺+7ADP+7P_i
A drawback with using an obligate methanogen or acetogen in a GTL process for the production of lipids, is the obligate use of CO2 as an electron acceptor for the production of ATP that is needed for fatty acid synthesis. If H₂is the electron donor, the ATP produced per H₂consumed in an acetogen or methanogen is relatively low: one ATP per 4H₂for methane [Thauer, R. K., Kaster, A. K., Seedorf, H., Buckel, W. & Hedderich, R. Methanogenic archaea: ecologically relevant differences in energy conservation. Nat Rev Microbiol 6, 579-591, doi:nrmicro1931 [pii]] or acetic acid production, and one ATP per 10H₂for butyric acid production [Papoutsakis, Biotechnology & Bioengineering (1984) 26, 174-187; Heise, Muller, Gottschalk, J. of Bacteriology (1989) 5473-5478; Lee, Park, Jang, Nielsen, Kim, Jung, Biotechnology & Bioengineering (2008) 101, 2, 209-228]. In some embodiments, the invention relates to a microorganism or compositions comprising a microorganism, wherein the microorganism produces ATP from an inorganic electron donor such as but not limited to H2 without synthesis of methane or short chain organic acids.
Hydrogen-oxidizing microorganisms that use more electronegative electron acceptors in energy conserving reactions for ATP production, such as but not limited to hydrogenotrophic oxyhydrogen or knallgas microbes that link the oxyhydrogen reaction, 2H₂+O₂->2H₂O, to ATP production, can produce more ATP per H₂consumed than acetogens or methanogens. For example knallgas microorganisms can produce up to two ATP per H₂consumed [Bongers, J. Bacteriology, (October 1970) 145-151], which is eight times more ATP produced per H₂consumed than what can be produced in microorganisms undergoing methanogenesis or acetogenesis. For this reason using microorganisms that can utilize more electronegative electron acceptors in the production of ATP, such as but not limited to knallgas microbes, in fatty acid biosynthesis from syngas or H₂, can be more efficient for supporting fatty acid biosynthesis than using the acetogens or methanogens that are currently used in biological GTL technologies. In some embodiments, the invention relates to a microorganism or compositions comprising a microorganism, wherein the microorganism is a knallgas microbe and comprises at least one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences that encodes one or more enzymes to enable fixation of a carbon-containing gas feedstock, including but not limited to syngas or producer gas, into useful carbon-based products of interest including but not limited to ethylene, chemicals, monomers, polymers, n-alkanes, branched alkanes, cycloalkanes, alkenes, alkynes, hydroxy acids, fatty alcohols, fatty acids, diacids, unsaturated fatty acids, fatty aldehydes, hydrocarbons, isoprenoids, polypeptides, polysaccharides, nutraceutical or pharmaceutical products. In some embodiments, the microorganism or composition comprising the microorganism comprises at least one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences that encodes one or more enzymes that allows the microorganism to convert a carbon-containing gas feedstock, including but not limited to syngas or producer gas, into jet fuel, diesel fuel, biodiesel fuel, or a component or precursor thereof. The invention relates to a genetically modified microorganism and compositions comprising such a microorganism, wherein the microorganism comprises one or more exogenous genes and wherein the microorganism grows on carbon-containing gas or utilizes a gaseous feedstock selected from syngas, CO₂, H₂, CO, or mixtures of gas comprising one or more gases selected from syngas, CO₂, H₂, or CO.
The invention relates to a cell and compositions comprising a cell of the class Actinobacteria comprising at least one exogenous gene. The invention also relates to cells and compositions comprising cells of the family of Nocardiaceae comprising at least one exogenous gene. The invention relates to cells and compositions comprising cells of Corynebacterium, Gordonia, Rhodococcus, Mycobacterium and Tsukamurella comprising at least one exogenous gene. In some embodiments, the invention relate to cells of the family of Nocardiaceae comprising an exogenous gene, wherein the cell is not a cell of the genus Mycobacterium. In some embodiments, the invention provides a cell and compositions comprising a cell of the genus Rhodococcus comprising an exogenous gene, and in some embodiments the cell is a strain of the species Rhodococcus sp., Rhodococcus opacus, Rhodococcus aurantiacus; Rhodococcus baikonurensis; Rhodococcus boritolerans; Rhodococcus equi; Rhodococcus coprophilus; Rhodococcus corynebacterioides; Nocardia corynebacterioides (synonym: Nocardia corynebacterioides); Rhodococcus erythropolis; Rhodococcus fascians; Rhodococcus globerulus; Rhodococcus gordoniae; Rhodococcus jostii Rhodococcus koreensis; Rhodococcus kroppenstedtii; Rhodococcus maanshanensis; Rhodococcus marinonascens; Rhodococcus opacus; Rhodococcus percolatus; Rhodococcus phenolicus; Rhodococcus polyvorum; Rhodococcus pyridinivorans; Rhodococcus rhodochrous; Rhodococcus rhodnii; (synonym: Nocardia rhodnii); Rhodococcus ruber (synonym: Streptothrix rubra); Rhodococcus sp. RHAJ; Rhodococcus triatomae; Rhodococcus tukisamuensis; Rhodococcus wratislaviensis (synonym: Tsukamurella wratislaviensis); Rhodococcus yunnanensis; Rhodococcus zopfii. In some embodiments the cell comprising one or more exogenous genes is strain Rhodococcus opacus DSM number 43205 or 43206. In some embodiments the cell comprising one or more exogenous genes is strain Rhodococcus sp. DSM number 3346. In some embodiments, the invention provides cells and compositions comprising a cell of the genus Rhodococcus comprising an exogenous gene, wherein the cell or composition comprising a cell of Rhodococcus is non-infectious to animals and/or plants. In some embodiments, the invention provides cells and compositions comprising a cell of the genus Rhodococcus comprising an exogenous gene, wherein the Rhodococcus cell or composition comprising a Rhodococcus cell is non-infectious to humans. In some embodiments, the invention provides cells and compositions comprising a cell of the genus Rhodococcus comprising an exogenous gene, wherein the Rhodococcus cell or composition comprising a Rhodococcus cell is non-infectious to plants. In some embodiments, the invention provides cells and compositions comprising cells of the genus Rhodococcus comprising an exogenous gene, wherein, if the cell is from Rhodococcus equi or Rhodococcus fascians species, the species is non-infectious to animals and/or plants. In some embodiments, the invention relates to a Rhodococcus cell or composition comprising a Rhodococcus cell, wherein the cell is not a species selected from Rhodococcus equi or Rhodococcus fascians.
In some embodiments, the invention relates to a Rhodococcus cell or composition comprising a Rhodococcus cell, wherein the cell is incapable of producing any acrylic acid or acrylamide. In some embodiments, the invention relates to a Rhodococcus cell or composition comprising a Rhodococcus cell, wherein the cell produces less than 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, or 1% of its weight of total dry cellular matter in acrylamide or acrylic/methylacrylic acid. In some embodiments, the invention relates to a Rhodococcus cell or composition comprising a Rhodococcus cell, wherein the cell is not from the species Rhodococcus rhodochrous. In some embodiments, the invention relates to Rhodococcus cell or composition comprising a Rhodococcus cell, wherein the cell is incapable of producing 10-hydroxy-12-octadecenoic acid. In some embodiments, the invention relates to a Rhodococcus cell or composition comprising a Rhodococcus cell, wherein the cell is unable to produce more than 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, or 1% of its weight of total dry cellular matter in 10-hydroxy-12-octadecenoic acid. In some embodiments, the invention relates to Rhodococcus cell or composition comprising a Rhodococcus cell, wherein the cell is incapable of producing optically-active 4-amino-3-hydroxybutyric acid. In some embodiments, the invention relates to a Rhodococcus cell or composition comprising a Rhodococcus cell, wherein the cell is unable to produce more than 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, or 1% of its weight of total dry cellular matter in optically-active 4-amino-3-hydroxybutyric acid.
In some embodiments, the cell or compositions comprising one of more cells is not E. coli. In some embodiments, the cell or compositions comprising one of more cells is from the genus Rhodococcus but is not for the species equi. In some embodiments, the cell of the present invention is not pathogenic to animals or plants. In some embodiments, the cell of the present invention is not pathogenic to humans. In some embodiments, the cell or compositions comprising one of more cells is from the genus Ralstonia. In some embodiments, the cell or compositions comprising one of more cells is from the species Ralstonia eutropha. In some embodiments the cell comprising one or more exogenous genes is strain Cupriavidus necator DSM number 531 or 541.
In some embodiments, the cell or compositions comprising the one or more cells have a 16S rRNA sequence with at least 50, 60, 70, 75, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98 or 99% nucleotide homology to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 11 or 12. In some embodiments, the cell or compositions comprising the one or more cells have a 16S rRNA sequence with at least 70, 75, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98 or 99% nucleotide homology to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 11. In some embodiments, the cell or compositions comprising the one or more cells have a 16S rRNA sequence with at least 70, 75, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98 or 99% nucleotide homology to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 12. In some embodiments, the cell or compositions comprising the one or more cells have a 16S rRNA sequence with at least 70, 75, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98 or 99% nucleotide homology to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 13.
In some embodiments the microorganism of the claimed invention is not dependent upon light to grow and/or metabolize and/or synthesize lipid molecules. In some embodiments, the microorganism of the claimed invention does not require any type of sugar to grow and/or metabolize and/or synthesize lipid molecules. In some embodiments, the microorganism of the claimed invention does not require any type of organic compound to grow and/or metabolize and/or synthesize lipid molecules. In some embodiments, the microorganism of the claimed invention does not require any type of fixed carbon to grow and/or metabolize and/or synthesize lipid molecules. In some embodiments, the microorganism can grow and/or metabolize lipids in a slightly anaerobic or extremely anaerobic environment. In some embodiments, the microorganism of the claimed invention is a facultative microorganism
Microbial culturing in the present invention is performed both for the sake of implementing genetic modifications, and for production of organic compounds, and specifically lipids and/or hydrocarbons (e.g., alkenes, alkynes, alkanes, unsaturated fatty acids, fatty acids, fatty alcohols, fatty aldehydes, triacylglycerols, hydroxy acids, diacids). Microbial culturing with the aim of genetic manipulation is generally performed at a small benchtop scale and often under conditions that select for genetically modified traits. Microbial culturing aimed at the commercial production of organic compounds and specifically lipids and/or hydrocarbons is typically performed in bioreactors at much greater scale (e.g., 500 L, 1,000 L 5,000 L, 10,000 L, 50,000 L, 100,000 L, 1,000,000 L bioreactor volumes and higher). In certain embodiments the chemoautotrophs of the present invention are grown in a liquid media inside a bioreactor using the methods of the invention. In some embodiments, the bioreactor containing the microorganisms is constructed of opaque materials that keep the culture in darkness. Bioreactors constructed out of opaque materials such as steel or reinforced concrete can be designed to have extremely big working volumes. In some embodiments of the present invention steel fermenters 50,000 liter and greater in volume are utilized. In some embodiments of the present invention egg-shape or cylindrical digesters 3,000,000 liters and greater in volume are utilized. In some embodiments, the bioreactor comprising the microorganism does not allow light to penetrate its interior.
The bioreactor or fermentor is used to culture cells through the various phases of their physiological cycle. A bioreactor is utilized for the cultivation of cells, which may be maintained at particular phases in their growth curve. The use of bioreactors is advantageous in many ways for cultivating chemoautotrophic growth. For certain embodiments, oleaginous cell mass, which is used to produce fuel, is grown to high densities in liquid suspension. Generally the control of growth conditions including control of dissolved carbon dioxide, oxygen, and other gases such as hydrogen, as well as other dissolved nutrients, trace elements, temperature and pH, is facilitated in a bioreactor.
Nutrient media as well as gases can be added to the bioreactor as either a batch addition, or periodically, or in response to a detected depletion or programmed set point, or continuously over the period the culture is grown and/or maintained. For certain embodiments, the bioreactor at inoculation is filled with a starting batch of nutrient media and/or gases at the beginning of growth, and no additional nutrient media and/or gases are added after inoculation. For certain embodiments, nutrient media and/or gases are added periodically after inoculation. For certain embodiments, nutrient media and/or gas is added after inoculation in response to a detected depletion of nutrient and/or gas. For certain embodiments, nutrient media and/or gas is added continuously after inoculation.
For certain embodiments the bioreactors have mechanisms to enable mixing of the nutrient media that include but are not limited to spinning stir bars, blades, impellers, or turbines, spinning, rocking, or turning vessels, gas lifts and sparging. The culture media may be mixed continuously or intermittently. The ports that are standard in bioreactors may be utilized to deliver, or withdraw, gases, liquids, solids, and/or slurries, into the bioreactor vessel enclosing the microbes of the present invention. Many bioreactors have multiple ports for different purposes (e.g. ports for media addition, gas addition, probes for pH and DO, sampling), and a given port may be used for various purposes during the course of a fermentation run. As an example, a port might be used to add nutrient media to the bioreactor at one point in time and at another time might be used for sampling. Preferably, the multiple use of a sampling port can be performed without introducing contamination or invasive species into the growth environment. A valve or other actuator enabling control of the sample flow or continuous sampling can be provided to a sampling port. For certain embodiments the bioreactors are equipped with at least one port suitable for culture inoculation that can additionally serve other uses including the addition of media or gas. Bioreactors ports enable control of the gas composition and flow rate into the culture environment. For example the ports can be used as gas inlets into the bioreactor through which gases are pumped. For some embodiments gases that may be pumped into a bioreactor include syngas, producer gas, hydrogen gas, CO2, air, air/CO₂mixtures, ammonia, nitrogen, noble gases, such as argon, as well as other gases. In some embodiments that CO₂may come from sources including but are not limited to: CO₂from the gasification of organic matter; CO₂from the calcination of limestone, CaCO₃, to produce quicklime, CaO; CO₂from methane steam reforming, such as the CO₂byproduct from ammonia or hydrogen production; combustion; CO₂byproduct of sugar fermentation; CO₂byproduct from sodium phosphate production; geologically or geothermally produced CO₂. Raising the gas flow rate into a bioreactor can enhance mixing of the culture and produce turbulence if the gas inlet is positioned under the surface of the liquid media such that gas bubbles or sparges up through the media. In some embodiments, a bioreactor comprises gas outlet ports for gas escape and pressure release. In some embodiments, gas inlets and outlets are preferably equipped with check valves to prevent gas backflow.
The present invention relates to bioreactors that comprise a cell, which comprises at least one exogenous nucleic acid sequences that encodes a lipid pathway enzyme. The present invention relates to a system of at least one bioreactor that comprise a cell, which comprises at least one exogenous nucleic acid sequences that encodes a lipid pathway enzyme. In some embodiments, the system comprises two or more, three or more, or four or more bioreactors, at least one of which comprise a cell, which comprises at least one exogenous nucleic acid sequences that encodes a lipid pathway enzyme. In some embodiments, the system of bioreactors comprises at least a first and second bioreactor, wherein the first bioreactor comprises a cell, which comprises at least one exogenous nucleic acid sequences that encodes a lipid pathway enzyme; and wherein the second bioreactor comprises a microorganism derived from a different species, wherein the microorganism from a different species comprises at least one exogenous nucleic acid sequence that encodes a lipid pathway enzyme. In some embodiments, the system of bioreactors comprises a first bioreactor that comprises the cell of the present invention and a second bioreactor comprising a microalgal, yeast, or bacterial cell.
In some embodiments, the cells of the present invention are capable of producing desaturated alkanes between 8 and 18 carbon atoms long at greater than 18 grams per liter volume of culture per three day period. In some embodiments, the cells of the present invention are capable of producing desaturated alkanes between 8 and 18 carbon atoms long at greater than or equal to 18 grams per liter volume of culture per three day period, wherein the desaturated alkanes are desaturated at a carbon position other than carbon-9.

Genetic Modifications

The present invention relates to methods of modifying a bacterial cell to express one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences that encodes one or more enzymes to enable fixation of a carbon-containing gas feedstock into useful carbon-based products of interest in an amount greater than an amount of carbon-based products produced by the same bacterial cell that does not express the exogenous nucleic acid sequences. Methods of selecting and manufacturing nucleic acid sequences for modification of bacterial cells are known and can be performed by transformation, electroporation, phage infection of bacteria, or other techniques for nucleic acid transfer generally known in the art. Standard recombinant DNA and molecular cloning techniques useful for the invention are well known in the art and are described by Sambrook, J., Fritsch, E. F. and Maniatis, T. Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual; Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press: Cold Spring Harbor, (1989) (Maniatis) and by T. J. Silhavy, M. L. Bennan, and L. W. Enquist, Experiments with Gene Fusions, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y. (1984) and by Ausubel, F. M. et al., Current Protocols in Molecular Biology, pub. by Greene Publishing Assoc. and Wiley-Interscience (1987), all of which are incorporated by reference in their entireties.
The invention relates to genetic constructs comprising one or more exogenous genes that encode one or more amino acid sequences to enable fixation of a carbon-containing gas feedstock, including but not limited to syngas or producer gas, into useful carbon-based products of interest in an amount greater than an amount of carbon-based products produced by the same bacterial cell that does not express the exogenous nucleic acid sequence or sequences. Another aspect of the present invention relates to compositions that comprise at least one bacterial cell, which comprises at least one nucleic acid sequence that encodes at least one exogenous amino acid sequence that functions as a fatty acid acyl-ACP reductase, a fatty acid aldehyde decarbonylase and/or a thioesterase. In some embodiments, the bacterial cell is transformed with one or more, two or more, three or more, four or more, or five or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences that encode one or more amino acid sequences to enable fixation of a carbon-containing gas feedstock, including but not limited to syngas or producer gas, into useful carbon-based products of interest in an amount greater than an amount of carbon-based products produced by the same bacterial cell that does not express the exogenous nucleic acid sequence or sequences. According to the present invention, genetic material that encodes the enzyme is delivered to a bacterial cell in an expressible form. The genetic material, DNA or RNA, is taken up by the cells of the invention and expressed. The enzyme or enzymes that are thereby produced can biochemically modify lipid molecules to remove or add hydroxyl groups, remove or add carbonyl groups, remove or add carbon-carbon double bonds, remove or add carbon-carbon triple bonds, remove or add aldehyde groups, remove or add hydroxy groups, remove or add carboxylic acid groups, or remove or add ester groups to lipid molecules in lipid.
In some embodiments, the genetic constructs of the present invention comprise DNA, RNA, or combinations of both DNA and RNA. In some embodiments, the genetic construct of the present invention is a plasmid. It will be appreciated that, in some embodiments, the plasmid contains a variety of open reading frames (ORFs) encoding proteins of many diverse functions, including those enzymes that enable hydrocarbon or lipid modification, glutathione-S transferase (GST) activity, origins of replication, multiple cloning sites, promoters, and/or termination sequences. It is contemplated therefore that a host cell transformed with the plasmid will demonstrate the ability to modify a variety of lipids or hydrocarbons as well as maintain its copy number in the cytoplasm of the cell. The glutathione-S transferases (GSTs) represent a large group of detoxification enzymes. GSTs catalyze the conjugation of glutathione, homoglutathione and other glutathione-like analog via sulfhydryl group, to a large range of hydrophobic, electrophilic compounds. The conjugation can result in detoxification of these compounds. GST genes are found in both prokaryotic (e.g., E. coli) and eukaryotic organisms (e.g., yeast, plant and human). Although the homologies between the GSTs from prokaryotes and eukaryotes were low, many of the residues assigned to be important for the enzymatic function or structure in the eukaryotes were found to be conserved in prokaryotic GSTs (Nishida et al., J. Biol Chem 269:32536-32541 (1994)). It has been suggested that bacterial GST may represent a defense against the effects of antibiotics (Piccolomini et al., J Gen Microbiol 135:3119-3125 (1989)). Accordingly it is contemplated that a host strain transformed with the plasmid will have the ability detoxify harmful compounds via conjugation of those compounds to glutathione.
In some embodiments, the instant plasmid additionally encodes a variety of maintenance proteins, useful for maintaining, stabilizing and replicating the plasmid. It is contemplated that these genes may be used in conjunction with other bacterial plasmids deficient in these functions for the increased stabilization or robust maintenance of the plasmid. In some embodiments, the plasmid comprises maintenance proteins of particular interest including the REP origin of replication (encoded by ORF 38) the TRA proteins (TRAI, TRAJ and TRAK, encoded by ORF's 23, 24 and 25 respectively) and the VAG proteins (VAGD and VAGC, encoded by ORF's 33 and 34 respectively). The tra gene family is known to be involved in plasmid conjugation, a process that promotes DNA transfer from a donor to a recipient cell mediated by physical contact (Firth et al, Escherichia coli and Salmonella: Cellular and Molecular Biology, ASM press (1996)). Among tra gene products, TraI and TraK proteins are reported to be required for efficient plasmid site-specific recombination (Paterson et al. J. Bacteriol 181:2572-2583 (1999)). Furthermore, TraI is required for conjugal DNA transfer. Fukuda and Ohtsubo (Genes Cells 2:735-751 (1997)) reported that TraI has the activity of site- and strand-specific nicking of the supercoiled plasmid DNA. TraJ, traJ gene product, regulates transcription originating at the tra operon promoter P.sub.traY. (Firth et al., Escherichia coli and Salmonella: Cellular and Molecular Biology, ASM press (1996)). The stabilization proteins VAGC and VAGD encoded by vagC and vagD are involved in maintaining the plasmid as an autonomous replicating unit. Non-limiting examples of bacterial maintenance proteins of particular interest on the pSeq and pVer plasmids are represented by the following DNA and protein sequences:

SEQ ID: 01

TCGCGCGTTT CGGTGATGAC GGTGAAAACC TCTGACACAT

GCAGCTCCCG GAGACGGTCA CAGCTTGTCT GTAAGCGGAT

GCCGGGAGCA GACAAGCCCG AGCGCGCAAA GCCACTACTG

CCACTTTTGG AGACTGTGTA CGTCGAGGGC CTCTGCCAGT

GTCGAACAGA CATTCGCCTA CGGCCCTCGT CTGTTCGGGC

TCAGGGCGCG TCAGCGGGTG TTGGCGGGTG TCGGGGCTGG

CTTAACTATG CGGCATCAGA GCAGATTGTA CTGAGAGTGC

ACCATATGCG GTGTGAAATA AGTCCCGCGC AGTCGCCCAC

AACCGCCCAC AGCCCCGACC GAATTGATAC GCCGTAGTCT

CGTCTAACAT GACTCTCACG TGGTATACGC CACACTTTAT

CCGCACAGAT GCGTAAGGAG AAAATACCGC ATCAGGCGCC

ATTCGCCATT CAGGCTGCGC AACTGTTGGG AAGGGCGATC

GGTGCGGGCC TCTTCGCTAT GGCGTGTCTA CGCATTCCTC

TTTTATGGCG TAGTCCGCGG TAAGCGGTAA GTCCGACGCG

TTGACAACCC TTCCCGCTAG CCACGCCCGG AGAAGCGATA

TACGCCAGCT GGCGAAAGGG GGATGTGCTG CAAGGCGATT

AAGTTGGGTA ACGCCAGGGT TTTCCCAGTC ACGACGTTGT

AAAACGACGG CCAGTGCCAA ATGCGGTCGA CCGCTTTCCC

CCTACACGAC GTTCCGCTAA TTCAACCCAT TGCGGTCCCA

AAAGGGTCAG TGCTGCAACA TTTTGCTGCC GGTCACGGTT

GCTTGCATGC CTGCAGGTCG ACGGGCCCGG GATCCGATGC

TCTTCCGCTA AGATCTGCCG CGGCCGCGTC CTCAGAAGAA

CTCGTCAAGA AGGCGATAGA CGAACGTACG GACGTCCAGC

TGCCCGGGCC CTAGGCTACG AGAAGGCGAT TCTAGACGGC

GCCGGCGCAG GAGTCTTCTT GAGCAGTTCT TCCGCTATCT

AGGCGATGCG CTGCGAATCG GGAGCGGCGA TACCGTAAAG

CACGAGGAAG CGGTCAGCCC ATTCGCCGCC AAGCTCTTCA

GCAATATCAC GGGTAGCCAA TCCGCTACGC GACGCTTAGC

CCTCGCCGCT ATGGCATTTC GTGCTCCTTC GCCAGTCGGG

TAAGCGGCGG TTCGAGAAGT CGTTATAGTG CCCATCGGTT

CGCTATGTCC TGATAGCGGT CCGCCACACC CAGCCGGCCA

CAGTCGATGA ATCCAGAAAA GCGGCCATTT TCCACCATGA

TATTCGGCAA GCAGGCATCG GCGATACAGG ACTATCGCCA

GGCGGTGTGG GTCGGCCGGT GTCAGCTACT TAGGTCTTTT

CGCCGGTAAA AGGTGGTACT ATAAGCCGTT CGTCCGTAGC

CCATGGGTCA CGACGAGATC CTCGCCGTCG GGCATGCGCG

CCTTGAGCCT GGCGAACAGT TCGGCTGGCG CGAGCCCCTG

ATGCTCTTCG TCCAGATCAT GGTACCCAGT GCTGCTCTAG

GAGCGGCAGC CCGTACGCGC GGAACTCGGA CCGCTTGTCA

AGCCGACCGC GCTCGGGGAC TACGAGAAGC AGGTCTAGTA

CCTGATCGAC AAGACCGGCT TCCATCCGAG TACGTGCTCG

CTCGATGCGA TGTTTCGCTT GGTGGTCGAA TGGGCAGGTA

GCCGGATCAA GCGTATGCAG GGACTAGCTG TTCTGGCCGA

AGGTAGGCTC ATGCACGAGC GAGCTACGCT ACAAAGCGAA

CCACCAGCTT ACCCGTCCAT CGGCCTAGTT CGCATACGTC

CCGCCGCATT GCATCAGCCA TGATGGATAC TTTCTCGGCA

GGAGCAAGGT GGGATGACAG GAGATCCTGC CCCGGCACTT

CGCCCAATAG CAGCCAGTCC GGCGGCGTAA CGTAGTCGGT

ACTACCTATG AAAGAGCCGT CCTCGTTCCA CCCTACTGTC

CTCTAGGACG GGGCCGTGAA GCGGGTTATC GTCGGTCAGG

CTTCCCGCTT CAGTGACAAC GTCGAGCACA GCTGCGCAAG

GAACGCCCGT CGTGGCCAGC CACGATAGCC GCGCTGCCTC

GTCCTGCAGT TCATTCAGGG GAAGGGCGAA GTCACTGTTG

CAGCTCGTGT CGACGCGTTC CTTGCGGGCA GCACCGGTCG

GTGCTATCGG CGCGACGGAG CAGGACGTCA AGTAAGTCCC

CACCGGACAG GTCGGTCTTG ACAAAAAGAA CCGGGCGCCC

CTGCGCTGAC AGCCGGAACA CGGCGGCATC AGAGCAGCCG

ATTGTCTGTT GTGCCCAGTC GTGGCCTGTC CAGCCAGAAC

TGTTTTTCTT GGCCCGCGGG GACGCGACTG TCGGCCTTGT

GCCGCCGTAG TCTCGTCGGC TAACAGACAA CACGGGTCAG

ATAGCCGAAT AGCCTCTCCA CCCAAGCGGC CGGAGAACCT

GCGTGCAATC CATCTTGTTC AATCATGATA TCCCTTAATT

AACCGTTAAC ACTAGTTCAG TATCGGCTTA TCGGAGAGGT

GGGTTCGCCG GCCTCTTGGA CGCACGTTAG GTAGAACAAG

TTAGTACTAT AGGGAATTAA TTGGCAATTG TGATCAAGTC

TCCATCTCGC CGTGTATGCG GGCCTGACGG ATCAACGTTC

CCACCGAGCC AGTCGAGATG TTCATCTGGT CGGCGATCTG

CCGGTACTTC AAACCTTGTT AGGTAGAGCG GCACATACGC

CCGGACTGCC TAGTTGCAAG GGTGGCTCGG TCAGCTCTAC

AAGTAGACCA GCCGCTAGAC GGCCATGAAG TTTGGAACAA

TGCGCAGTTC CACAGCCTTC TTGCGGCGTT CCTGCGCACG

AGCGATGTAG TCGCCTCGGT CTTCGGCGAC GAGCCGTTTG

ATGGTGCTTT TCGAGACGCC ACGCGTCAAG GTGTCGGAAG

AACGCCGCAA GGACGCGTGC TCGCTACATC AGCGGAGCCA

GAAGCCGCTG CTCGGCAAAC TACCACGAAA AGCTCTGCGG

GAACTTGTCA GCCAACTCCT GCGCGGTCTG CGTGCGACGC

ATCACGCGTT CTGCAGCACC CATCAGTCCG TCCCCTCTGC

TGCTGCGAAC AGTGCCGATC CTTGAACAGT CGGTTGAGGA

CGCGCCAGAC GCACGCTGCG TAGTGCGCAA GACGTCGTGG

GTAGTCAGGC AGGGGAGACG ACGACGCTTG TCACGGCTAG

GATCGACCTT CTTGAGCTTC GGCCGCGGCG CGGTGGCGTT

CTTCCGTACC GCTTCCGTTT TTGCGCTGCT GCTCACTTTG

CCGCGGCGTG CCTGGATTTT CTAGCTGGAA GAACTCGAAG

CCGGCGCCGC GCCACCGCAA GAAGGCATGG CGAAGGCAAA

AACGCGACGA CGAGTGAAAC GGCGCCGCAC GGACCTAAAA

CGAGAACTCG GCGGCGGTGA AGGTGCGGTG GGTCCAGTGG

GCGACTGATT TGCCGATCTG CTCGGCCTCG GCCCGACTCA

TGGGGCCGAT CCCGTCGTTG GCTCTTGAGC CGCCGCCACT

TCCACGCCAC CCAGGTCACC CGCTGACTAA ACGGCTAGAC

GAGCCGGAGC CGGGCTGAGT ACCCCGGCTA GGGCAGCAAC

GCGTCGAGGG TGAAGTTGGT CAGGGCGGTG AAGTCGGTGA

CCATCTGCCG CCACACAGTG ATCGACGGGT AGTTCTGTTT

CCGGATCTCG CGGTAGGCCC CGCAGCTCCC ACTTCAACCA

GTCCCGCCAC TTCAGCCACT GGTAGACGGC GGTGTGTCAC

TAGCTGCCCA TCAAGACAAA GGCCTAGAGC GCCATCCGGG

ATTCCCGGGT GCGGTCGAAC AGTTCGACGT TCCGGCCCGT

TTCGGTCCTG ACCTGTGTCT TGCGGCCGTA GTCCGGTGGG

GCGGGGAAAC GGTCACCGAG TAAGGGCCCA CGCCAGCTTG

TCAAGCTGCA AGGCCGGGCA AAGCCAGGAC TGGACACAGA

ACGCCGGCAT CAGGCCACCC CGCCCCTTTG CCAGTGGCTC

CGCTTTTGCG AGGCCTTTGA GCGAGTACGG ATCCGAGGGA

CCCCAGACCG TCGTCCAGTG CGGGTGGATC GGGTTCTGGG

TGAGCTGCTG CGCGTAGCCC GCGAAAACGC TCCGGAAACT

CGCTCATGCC TAGGCTCCCT GGGGTCTGGC AGCAGGTCAC

GCCCACCTAG CCCAAGACCC ACTCGACGAC GCGCATCGGG

TGATCGGCGC CGACCACCGA GGCGATCAGC CCCTGGTTCA

CCCGGTCGTA GAGCCGCAGC GGGCCCTGTC GGGCTGCCTG

GAGGGTGTAG ACCGGGCTTT ACTAGCCGCG GCTGGTGGCT

CCGCTAGTCG GGGACCAAGT GGGCCAGCAT CTCGGCGTCG

CCCGGGACAG CCCGACGGAC CTCCCACATC TGGCCCGAAA

CGAGCAGCCA CCACAGGTGC GCGTGCTCGG TCGCGGGATT

GATCGTCATC ACGGTCGGAT CGGGCAGATC CGCGTTACGT

GCGGCCCACT GCGCCTGGTC GCTCGTCGGT GGTGTCCACG

CGCACGAGCC AGCGCCCTAA CTAGCAGTAG TGCCAGCCTA

GCCCGTCTAG GCGCAATGCA CGCCGGGTGA CGCGGACCAG

GTCGTCCACG TCGAGCACCA AGCCCAACCT GATCGACGGG

GTGCGGGCCG CAATGTAGCG GCGGGTGAGC GCCTCCGCGC

GCGGCTGCGG CCACTGCCCG CAGCAGGTGC AGCTCGTGGT

TCGGGTTGGA CTAGCTGCCC CACGCCCGGC GTTACATCGC

CGCCCACTCG CGGAGGCGCG CGCCGACGCC GGTGACGGGC

TCCCGGACGT AGTCATCCGT CGCGTGCGGG TATTTGAACC

GCCAGCGGTC CAACCAGGCG TCAACAGCAG CGGTCATGAC

CGCCAAGCTA GGGCCGGATC AGGGCCTGCA TCAGTAGGCA

GCGCACGCCC ATAAACTTGG CGGTCGCCAG GTTGGTCCGC

AGTTGTCGTC GCCAGTACTG GCGGTTCGAT CCCGGCCTAG

TGTACCGATC GGGGGAGGCG CGCCGCAAAT TATTTAAGAG

TCTCGCTAGC AAACCATGTC AGGTGTTGCG GTGGGTTCCG

GGTAAACCTC CACCCGAATT ACATGGCTAG CCCCCTCCGC

GCGGCGTTTA ATAAATTCTC AGAGCGATCG TTTGGTACAG

TCCACAACGC CACCCAAGGC CCATTTGGAG GTGGGCTTAA

ATTTAAGAGT CTCGCTAGCT AAGCCCTATC TGATGCTGCG

CGGGGGGTCC TTCGCACTGA ATCTCAAAGG TGGCCGGCTG

AATTTCGTCG CGCGAAAACC TAAATTCTCA GAGCGATCGA

TTCGGGATAG ACTACGACGC GCCCCCCAGG AAGCGTGACT

TAGAGTTTCC ACCGGCCGAC TTAAAGCAGC GCGCTTTTGG

TCCCTGGACA GTTCTGGAAT TCAGCAAGAG GTGTGTCTGA

ACTTCGGTGT TTTTTTGGGG GGTGACTCCA GCGGGGTGGG

CACAACGCGA ACAGAGACCT AGGGACCTGT CAAGACCTTA

AGTCGTTCTC CACACAGACT TGAAGCCACA AAAAAACCCC

CCACTGAGGT CGCCCCACCC GTGTTGCGCT TGTCTCTGGA

TGTGTGTACG ACGGCGGGAG GTAAGTCGGG TACGGCTCGG

ACTGCGGTAG AGCAACCGTC GAATCGATTT CGAGCAGAGC

GAGCAGAGCA AGATATTCCA ACACACATGC TGCCGCCCTC

CATTCAGCCC ATGCCGAGCC TGACGCCATC TCGTTGGCAG

CTTAGCTAAA GCTCGTCTCG CTCGTCTCGT TCTATAAGGT

AAACTCCGGG GTTCCTCGGC GGCCTCCCCC GTCTGTTTGC

TCAACCGAGG GAGACCTGGC GGTCCCGCGT TTCCGGACGC

GCGGGACCGC CTACCGCTCG TTTGAGGCCC CAAGGAGCCG

CCGGAGGGGG CAGACAAACG AGTTGGCTCC CTCTGGACCG

CCAGGGCGCA AAGGCCTGCG CGCCCTGGCG GATGGCGAGC

AGAGCGGAAG AGCATCTAGA TGCATTCGCG AGGTACCGAG

CTCGAATTCG TAATCATGGT CATAGCTGTT TCCTGTGTGA

AATTGTTATC CGCTCACAAT TCTCGCCTTC TCGTAGATCT

ACGTAAGCGC TCCATGGCTC GAGCTTAAGC ATTAGTACCA

GTATCGACAA AGGACACACT TTAACAATAG GCGAGTGTTA

TCCACACAAC ATACGAGCCG GAAGCATAAA GTGTAAAGCC

TGGGGTGCCT AATGAGTGAG CTAACTCACA TTAATTGCGT

TGCGCTCACT GCCCGCTTTC AGGTGTGTTG TATGCTCGGC

CTTCGTATTT CACATTTCGG ACCCCACGGA TTACTCACTC

GATTGAGTGT AATTAACGCA ACGCGAGTGA CGGGCGAAAG

CAGTCGGGAA ACCTGTCGTG CCAGCTGCAT TAATGAATCG

GCCAACGCGC GGGGAGAGGC GGTTTGCGTA TTGGGCGCTC

TTCCGCTTCC TCGCTCACTG GTCAGCCCTT TGGACAGCAC

GGTCGACGTA ATTACTTAGC CGGTTGCGCG CCCCTCTCCG

CCAAACGCAT AACCCGCGAG AAGGCGAAGG AGCGAGTGAC

ACTCGCTGCG CTCGGTCGTT CGGCTGCGGC GAGCGGTATC

AGCTCACTCA AAGGCGGTAA TACGGTTATC CACAGAATCA

GGGGATAACG CAGGAAAGAA TGAGCGACGC GAGCCAGCAA

GCCGACGCCG CTCGCCATAG TCGAGTGAGT TTCCGCCATT

ATGCCAATAG GTGTCTTAGT CCCCTATTGC GTCCTTTCTT

CATGTGAGCA AAAGGCCAGC AAAAGGCCAG GAACCGTAAA

AAGGCCGCGT TGCTGGCGTT TTTCCATAGG CTCCGCCCCC

CTGACGAGCA TCACAAAAAT GTACACTCGT TTTCCGGTCG

TTTTCCGGTC CTTGGCATTT TTCCGGCGCA ACGACCGCAA

AAAGGTATCC GAGGCGGGGG GACTGCTCGT AGTGTTTTTA

CGACGCTCAA GTCAGAGGTG GCGAAACCCG ACAGGACTAT

AAAGATACCA GGCGTTTCCC CCTGGAAGCT CCCTCGTGCG

CTCTCCTGTT CCGACCCTGC GCTGCGAGTT CAGTCTCCAC

CGCTTTGGGC TGTCCTGATA TTTCTATGGT CCGCAAAGGG

GGACCTTCGA GGGAGCACGC GAGAGGACAA GGCTGGGACG

CGCTTACCGG ATACCTGTCC GCCTTTCTCC CTTCGGGAAG

CGTGGCGCTT TCTCATAGCT CACGCTGTAG GTATCTCAGT

TCGGTGTAGG TCGTTCGCTC GCGAATGGCC TATGGACAGG

CGGAAAGAGG GAAGCCCTTC GCACCGCGAA AGAGTATCGA

GTGCGACATC CATAGAGTCA AGCCACATCC AGCAAGCGAG

CAAGCTGGGC TGTGTGCACG AACCCCCCGT TCAGCCCGAC

CGCTGCGCCT TATCCGGTAA CTATCGTCTT GAGTCCAACC

CGGTAAGACA CGACTTATCG GTTCGACCCG ACACACGTGC

TTGGGGGGCA AGTCGGGCTG GCGACGCGGA ATAGGCCATT

GATAGCAGAA CTCAGGTTGG GCCATTCTGT GCTGAATAGC

CCACTGGCAG CAGCCACTGG TAACAGGATT AGCAGAGCGA

GGTATGTAGG CGGTGCTACA GAGTTCTTGA AGTGGTGGCC

TAACTACGGC TACACTAGAA GGTGACCGTC GTCGGTGACC

ATTGTCCTAA TCGTCTCGCT CCATACATCC GCCACGATGT

CTCAAGAACT TCACCACCGG ATTGATGCCG ATGTGATCTT

GGACAGTATT TGGTATCTGC GCTCTGCTGA AGCCAGTTAC

CTTCGGAAAA AGAGTTGGTA GCTCTTGATC CGGCAAACAA

ACCACCGCTG GTAGCGGTGG CCTGTCATAA ACCATAGACG

CGAGACGACT TCGGTCAATG GAAGCCTTTT TCTCAACCAT

CGAGAACTAG GCCGTTTGTT TGGTGGCGAC CATCGCCACC

TTTTTTTGTT TGCAAGCAGC AGATTACGCG CAGAAAAAAA

GGATCTCAAG AAGATCCTTT GATCTTTTCT ACGGGGTCTG

ACGCTCAGTG GAACGAAAAC AAAAAAACAA ACGTTCGTCG

TCTAATGCGC GTCTTTTTTT CCTAGAGTTC TTCTAGGAAA

CTAGAAAAGA TGCCCCAGAC TGCGAGTCAC CTTGCTTTTG

TCACGTTAAG GGATTTTGGT CATGAGATTA TCAAAAAGGA

TCTTCACCTA GATCCTTTTA AATTAAAAAT GAAGTTTTAA

ATCAATCTAA AGTATATATG AGTGCAATTC CCTAAAACCA

GTACTCTAAT AGTTTTTCCT AGAAGTGGAT CTAGGAAAAT

TTAATTTTTA CTTCAAAATT TAGTTAGATT TCATATATAC

AGTAAACTTG GTCTGACAGT TACCAATGCT TAATCAGTGA

GGCACCTATC TCAGCGATCT GTCTATTTCG TTCATCCATA

GTTGCCTGAC TCCCCGTCGT TCATTTGAAC CAGACTGTCA

ATGGTTACGA ATTAGTCACT CCGTGGATAG AGTCGCTAGA

CAGATAAAGC AAGTAGGTAT CAACGGACTG AGGGGCAGCA

GTAGATAACT ACGATACGGG AGGGCTTACC ATCTGGCCCC

AGTGCTGCAA TGATACCGCG AGACCCACGC TCACCGGCTC

CAGATTTATC AGCAATAAAC CATCTATTGA TGCTATGCCC

TCCCGAATGG TAGACCGGGG TCACGACGTT ACTATGGCGC

TCTGGGTGCG AGTGGCCGAG GTCTAAATAG TCGTTATTTG

CAGCCAGCCG GAAGGGCCGA GCGCAGAAGT GGTCCTGCAA

CTTTATCCGC CTCCATCCAG TCTATTAATT GTTGCCGGGA

AGCTAGAGTA AGTAGTTCGC GTCGGTCGGC CTTCCCGGCT

CGCGTCTTCA CCAGGACGTT GAAATAGGCG GAGGTAGGTC

AGATAATTAA CAACGGCCCT TCGATCTCAT TCATCAAGCG

CAGTTAATAG TTTGCGCAAC GTTGTTGCCA TTGCTACAGG

CATCGTGGTG TCACGCTCGT CGTTTGGTAT GGCTTCATTC

AGCTCCGGTT CCCAACGATC GTCAATTATC AAACGCGTTG

CAACAACGGT AACGATGTCC GTAGCACCAC AGTGCGAGCA

GCAAACCATA CCGAAGTAAG TCGAGGCCAA GGGTTGCTAG

AAGGCGAGTT ACATGATCCC CCATGTTGTG CAAAAAAGCG

GTTAGCTCCT TCGGTCCTCC GATCGTTGTC AGAAGTAAGT

TGGCCGCAGT GTTATCACTC TTCCGCTCAA TGTACTAGGG

GGTACAACAC GTTTTTTCGC CAATCGAGGA AGCCAGGAGG

CTAGCAACAG TCTTCATTCA ACCGGCGTCA CAATAGTGAG

ATGGTTATGG CAGCACTGCA TAATTCTCTT ACTGTCATGC

CATCCGTAAG ATGCTTTTCT GTGACTGGTG AGTACTCAAC

CAAGTCATTC TGAGAATAGT TACCAATACC GTCGTGACGT

ATTAAGAGAA TGACAGTACG GTAGGCATTC TACGAAAAGA

CACTGACCAC TCATGAGTTG GTTCAGTAAG ACTCTTATCA

GTATGCGGCG ACCGAGTTGC TCTTGCCCGG CGTCAATACG

GGATAATACC GCGCCACATA GCAGAACTTT AAAAGTGCTC

ATCATTGGAA AACGTTCTTC CATACGCCGC TGGCTCAACG

AGAACGGGCC GCAGTTATGC CCTATTATGG CGCGGTGTAT

CGTCTTGAAA TTTTCACGAG TAGTAACCTT TTGCAAGAAG

GGGGCGAAAA CTCTCAAGGA TCTTACCGCT GTTGAGATCC

AGTTCGATGT AACCCACTCG TGCACCCAAC TGATCTTCAG

CATCTTTTAC TTTCACCAGC CCCCGCTTTT GAGAGTTCCT

AGAATGGCGA CAACTCTAGG TCAAGCTACA TTGGGTGAGC

ACGTGGGTTG ACTAGAAGTC GTAGAAAATG AAAGTGGTCG

GTTTCTGGGT GAGCAAAAAC AGGAAGGCAA AATGCCGCAA

AAAAGGGAAT AAGGGCGACA CGGAAATGTT GAATACTCAT

ACTCTTCCTT TTTCAATATT CAAAGACCCA CTCGTTTTTG

TCCTTCCGTT TTACGGCGTT TTTTCCCTTA TTCCCGCTGT

GCCTTTACAA CTTATGAGTA TGAGAAGGAA AAAGTTATAA

ATTGAAGCAT TTATCAGGGT TATTGTCTCA TGAGCGGATA

CATATTTGAA TGTATTTAGA AAAATAAACA AATAGGGGTT

CCGCGCACAT TTCCCCGAAA TAACTTCGTA AATAGTCCCA

ATAACAGAGT ACTCGCCTAT GTATAAACTT ACATAAATCT

TTTTATTTGT TTATCCCCAA GGCGCGTGTA AAGGGGCTTT

AGTGCCACCT GACGTCTAAG AAACCATTAT TATCATGACA

TTAACCTATA AAAATAGGCG TATCACGAGG CCCTTTCGTC

TCACGGTGGA CTGCAGATTC TTTGGTAATA ATAGTACTGT

AATTGGATAT TTTTATCCGC ATAGTGCTCC GGGAAAGCAG

SEQ ID: 02

GGGGAGCCGC GCCGAAGGCG TGGGGGAACC CCGCAGGGGT

GCCCTTCTTT GGGCACCAAA GAACTAGATA TAGGGCGAAA

TGCGAAAGAC TTAAAAATCA CCCCTCGGCG CGGCTTCCGC

ACCCCCTTGG GGCGTCCCCA CGGGAAGAAA CCCGTGGTTT

CTTGATCTAT ATCCCGCTTT ACGCTTTCTG AATTTTTAGT

ACAACTTAAA AAAGGGGGGT ACGCAACAGC TCATTGCGGC

ACCCCCCGCA ATAGCTCATT GCGTAGGTTA AAGAAAATCT

GTAATTGACT GCCACTTTTA TGTTGAATTT TTTCCCCCCA

TGCGTTGTCG AGTAACGCCG TGGGGGGCGT TATCGAGTAA

CGCATCCAAT TTCTTTTAGA CATTAACTGA CGGTGAAAAT

CGCAACGCAT AATTGTTGTC GCGCTGCCGA AAAGTTGCAG

CTGATTGCGC ATGGTGCCGC AACCGTGCGG CACCCTACCG

CATGGAGATA AGCATGGCCA GCGTTGCGTA TTAACAACAG

CGCGACGGCT TTTCAACGTC GACTAACGCG TACCACGGCG

TTGGCACGCC GTGGGATGGC GTACCTCTAT TCGTACCGGT

CGCAGTCCAG AGAAATCGGC ATTCAAGCCA AGAACAAGCC

CGGTCACTGG GTGCAAACGG AACGCAAAGC GCATGAGGCG

TGGGCCGGGC TTATTGCGAG GCGTCAGGTC TCTTTAGCCG

TAAGTTCGGT TCTTGTTCGG GCCAGTGACC CACGTTTGCC

TTGCGTTTCG CGTACTCCGC ACCCGGCCCG AATAACGCTC

GAAACCCACG GCGGCAATGC TGCTGCATCA CCTCGTGGCG

CAGATGGGCC ACCAGAACGC CGTGGTGGTC AGCCAGAAGA

CACTTTCCAA GCTCATCGGA CTTTGGGTGC CGCCGTTACG

ACGACGTAGT GGAGCACCGC GTCTACCCGG TGGTCTTGCG

GCACCACCAG TCGGTCTTCT GTGAAAGGTT CGAGTAGCCT

CGTTCTTTGC GGACGGTCCA ATACGCAGTC AAGGACTTGG

TGGCCGAGCG CTGGATCTCC GTCGTGAAGC TCAACGGCCC

CGGCACCGTG TCGGCCTACG GCAAGAAACG CCTGCCAGGT

TATGCGTCAG TTCCTGAACC ACCGGCTCGC GACCTAGAGG

CAGCACTTCG AGTTGCCGGG GCCGTGGCAC AGCCGGATGC

TGGTCAATGA CCGCGTGGCG TGGGGCCAGC CCCGCGACCA

GTTGCGCCTG TCGGTGTTCA GTGCCGCCGT GGTGGTTGAT

CACGACGACC AGGACGAATC ACCAGTTACT GGCGCACCGC

ACCCCGGTCG GGGCGCTGGT CAACGCGGAC AGCCACAAGT

CACGGCGGCA CCACCAACTA GTGCTGCTGG TCCTGCTTAG

GCTGTTGGGG CATGGCGACC TGCGCCGCAT CCCGACCCTG

TATCCGGGCG AGCAGCAACT ACCGACCGGC CCCGGCGAGG

AGCCGCCCAG CCAGCCCGGC CGACAACCCC GTACCGCTGG

ACGCGGCGTA GGGCTGGGAC ATAGGCCCGC TCGTCGTTGA

TGGCTGGCCG GGGCCGCTCC TCGGCGGGTC GGTCGGGCCG

ATTCCGGGCA TGGAACCAGA CCTGCCAGCC TTGACCGAAA

CGGAGGAATG GGAACGGCGC GGGCAGCAGC GCCTGCCGAT

GCCCGATGAG CCGTGTTTTC TAAGGCCCGT ACCTTGGTCT

GGACGGTCGG AACTGGCTTT GCCTCCTTAC CCTTGCCGCG

CCCGTCGTCG CGGACGGCTA CGGGCTACTC GGCACAAAAG

TGGACGATGG CGAGCCGTTG GAGCCGCCGA CACGGGTCAC

GCTGCCGCGC CGGTAGCACT TGGGTTGCGC AGCAACCCGT

AAGTGCGCTG TTCCAGACTA ACCTGCTACC GCTCGGCAAC

CTCGGCGGCT GTGCCCAGTG CGACGGCGCG GCCATCGTGA

ACCCAACGCG TCGTTGGGCA TTCACGCGAC AAGGTCTGAT

TCGGCTGTAG CCGCCTCGCC GCCCTATACC TTGTCTGCCT

CCCCGCGTTG CGTCGCGGTG CATGGAGCCG GGCCACCTCG

ACCTGAATGG AAGCCGGCGG AGCCGACATC GGCGGAGCGG

CGGGATATGG AACAGACGGA GGGGCGCAAC GCAGCGCCAC

GTACCTCGGC CCGGTGGAGC TGGACTTACC TTCGGCCGCC

CACCTCGCTA ACGGATTCAC CGTTTTTATC AGGCTCTGGG

AGGCAGAATA AATGATCATA TCGTCAATTA TTACCTCCAC

GGGGAGAGCC TGAGCAAACT GTGGAGCGAT TGCCTAAGTG

GCAAAAATAG TCCGAGACCC TCCGTCTTAT TTACTAGTAT

AGCAGTTAAT AATGGAGGTG CCCCTCTCGG ACTCGTTTGA

GGCCTCAGGC ATTTGAGAAG CACACGGTCA CACTGCTTCC

GGTAGTCAAT AAACCGGTAA ACCAGCAATA GACATAAGCG

GCTATTTAAC GACCCTGCCC CCGGAGTCCG TAAACTCTTC

GTGTGCCAGT GTGACGAAGG CCATCAGTTA TTTGGCCATT

TGGTCGTTAT CTGTATTCGC CGATAAATTG CTGGGACGGG

TGAACCGACG ACCGGGTCGA ATTTGCTTTC GAATTTCTGC

CATTCATCCG CTTATTATCA CTTATTCAGG CGTAGCACCA

GGCGTTTAAG GGCACCAATA ACTTGGCTGC TGGCCCAGCT

TAAACGAAAG CTTAAAGACG GTAAGTAGGC GAATAATAGT

GAATAAGTCC GCATCGTGGT CCGCAAATTC CCGTGGTTAT

ACTGCCTTAA AAAAATTACG CCCCGCCCTG CCACTCATCG

CAGTCGGCCT ATTGGTTAAA AAATGAGCTG ATTTAACAAA

AATTTAACGC GAATTTTAAC TGACGGAATT TTTTTAATGC

GGGGCGGGAC GGTGAGTAGC GTCAGCCGGA TAACCAATTT

TTTACTCGAC TAAATTGTTT TTAAATTGCG CTTAAAATTG

AAAATATTAA CGCTTACAAT TTCCATTCGC CATTCAGGCT

GCGCAACTGT TGGGAAGGGC GATCGGTGCG GGCCTCTTCG

CTATTACGCC AGCTGGCGAA TTTTATAATT GCGAATGTTA

AAGGTAAGCG GTAAGTCCGA CGCGTTGACA ACCCTTCCCG

CTAGCCACGC CCGGAGAAGC GATAATGCGG TCGACCGCTT

AGGGGGATGT GCTGCAAGGC GATTAAGTTG GGTAACGCCA

GGGTTTTCCC AGTCACGACG TTGTAAAACG ACGGCCAGTG

AGCGCGCGTA ATACGACTCA TCCCCCTACA CGACGTTCCG

CTAATTCAAC CCATTGCGGT CCCAAAAGGG TCAGTGCTGC

AACATTTTGC TGCCGGTCAC TCGCGCGCAT TATGCTGAGT

CTATAGGGCG AATTGGAGCT CCACCGCGGT GGCGGCCGCT

CTAGAACTAG TGGATCCCCC GGGCTGCAGG AATTCGATAT

CAAGCTTATC GATACCGTCG GATATCCCGC TTAACCTCGA

GGTGGCGCCA CCGCCGGCGA GATCTTGATC ACCTAGGGGG

CCCGACGTCC TTAAGCTATA GTTCGAATAG CTATGGCAGC

ACCTCGAGGG GGGGCCCGGT ACCCAGCTTT TGTTCCCTTT

AGTGAGGGTT AATTGCGCGC TTGGCGTAAT CATGGTCATA

GCTGTTTCCT GTGTGAAATT TGGAGCTCCC CCCCGGGCCA

TGGGTCGAAA ACAAGGGAAA TCACTCCCAA TTAACGCGCG

AACCGCATTA GTACCAGTAT CGACAAAGGA CACACTTTAA

GTTATCCGCT CACAATTCCA CACAACATAC GAGCCGGAAG

CATAAAGTGT AAAGCCTGGG GTGCCTAATG AGTGAGCTAA

CTCACATTAA TTGCGTTGCG CAATAGGCGA GTGTTAAGGT

GTGTTGTATG CTCGGCCTTC GTATTTCACA TTTCGGACCC

CACGGATTAC TCACTCGATT GAGTGTAATT AACGCAACGC

CTCACTGCCC GCTTTCCAGT CGGGAAACCT GTCGTGCCAG

CTGCATTAAT GAATCGGCCA ACGCGCGGGG AGAGGCGGTT

TGCGTATTGG GCGCATGCAT GAGTGACGGG CGAAAGGTCA

GCCCTTTGGA CAGCACGGTC GACGTAATTA CTTAGCCGGT

TGCGCGCCCC TCTCCGCCAA ACGCATAACC CGCGTACGTA

AAAAACTGTT GTAATTCATT AAGCATTCTG CCGACATGGA

AGCCATCACA AACGGCATGA TGAACCTGAA TCGCCAGCGG

CATCAGCACC TTGTCGCCTT TTTTTGACAA CATTAAGTAA

TTCGTAAGAC GGCTGTACCT TCGGTAGTGT TTGCCGTACT

ACTTGGACTT AGCGGTCGCC GTAGTCGTGG AACAGCGGAA

GCGTATAATA TTTGCCCATG GGGGTGGGCG AAGAACTCCA

GCATGAGATC CCCGCGCTGG AGGATCATCC AGCCGGCGTC

CCGGAAAACG ATTCCGAAGC CGCATATTAT AAACGGGTAC

CCCCACCCGC TTCTTGAGGT CGTACTCTAG GGGCGCGACC

TCCTAGTAGG TCGGCCGCAG GGCCTTTTGC TAAGGCTTCG

CCAACCTTTC ATAGAAGGCG GCGGTGGAAT CGAAATCTCG

TGATGGCAGG TTGGGCGTCG CTTGGTCGGT CATTTCGAAC

CCCAGAGTCC CGCTCAGAAG GGTTGGAAAG TATCTTCCGC

CGCCACCTTA GCTTTAGAGC ACTACCGTCC AACCCGCAGC

GAACCAGCCA GTAAAGCTTG GGGTCTCAGG GCGAGTCTTC

AACTCGTCAA GAAGGCGATA GAAGGCGATG CGCTGCGAAT

CGGGAGCGGC GATACCGTAA AGCACGAGGA AGCGGTCAGC

CCATTCGCCG CCAAGCTCTT TTGAGCAGTT CTTCCGCTAT

CTTCCGCTAC GCGACGCTTA GCCCTCGCCG CTATGGCATT

TCGTGCTCCT TCGCCAGTCG GGTAAGCGGC GGTTCGAGAA

CAGCAATATC ACGGGTAGCC AACGCTATGT CCTGATAGCG

GTCCGCCACA CCCAGCCGGC CACAGTCGAT GAATCCAGAA

AAGCGGCCAT TTTCCACCAT GTCGTTATAG TGCCCATCGG

TTGCGATACA GGACTATCGC CAGGCGGTGT GGGTCGGCCG

GTGTCAGCTA CTTAGGTCTT TTCGCCGGTA AAAGGTGGTA

GATATTCGGC AAGCAGGCAT CGCCATGGGT CACGACGAGA

TCCTCGCCGT CGGGCATGCG CGCCTTGAGC CTGGCGAACA

GTTCGGCTGG CGCGAGCCCC CTATAAGCCG TTCGTCCGTA

GCGGTACCCA GTGCTGCTCT AGGAGCGGCA GCCCGTACGC

GCGGAACTCG GACCGCTTGT CAAGCCGACC GCGCTCGGGG

TGATGCTCTT CGTCCAGATC ATCCTGATCG ACAAGACCGG

CTTCCATCCG AGTACGTGCT CGCTCGATGC GATGTTTCGC

TTGGTGGTCG AATGGGCAGG ACTACGAGAA GCAGGTCTAG

TAGGACTAGC TGTTCTGGCC GAAGGTAGGC TCATGCACGA

GCGAGCTACG CTACAAAGCG AACCACCAGC TTACCCGTCC

TAGCCGGATC AAGCGTATGC AGCCGCCGCA TTGCATCAGC

CATGATGGAT ACTTTCTCGG CAGGAGCAAG GTGAGATGAC

AGGAGATCCT GCCCCGGCAC ATCGGCCTAG TTCGCATACG

TCGGCGGCGT AACGTAGTCG GTACTACCTA TGAAAGAGCC

GTCCTCGTTC CACTCTACTG TCCTCTAGGA CGGGGCCGTG

TTCGCCCAAT AGCAGCCAGT CCCTTCCCGC TTCAGTGACA

ACGTCGAGCA CAGCTGCGCA AGGAACGCCC GTCGTGGCCA

GCCACGATAG CCGCGCTGCC AAGCGGGTTA TCGTCGGTCA

GGGAAGGGCG AAGTCACTGT TGCAGCTCGT GTCGACGCGT

TCCTTGCGGG CAGCACCGGT CGGTGCTATC GGCGCGACGG

TCGTCCTGCA GTTCATTCAG GGCACCGGAC AGGTCGGTCT

TGACAAAAAG AACCGGGCGC CCCTGCGCTG ACAGCCGGAA

CACGGCGGCA TCAGAGCAGC AGCAGGACGT CAAGTAAGTC

CCGTGGCCTG TCCAGCCAGA ACTGTTTTTC TTGGCCCGCG

GGGACGCGAC TGTCGGCCTT GTGCCGCCGT AGTCTCGTCG

CGATTGTCTG TTGTGCCCAG TCATAGCCGA ATAGCCTCTC

CACCCAAGCG GCCGGAGAAC CTGCGTGCAA TCCATCTTGT

TCAATCATGC GAAACGATCC GCTAACAGAC AACACGGGTC

AGTATCGGCT TATCGGAGAG GTGGGTTCGC CGGCCTCTTG

GACGCACGTT AGGTAGAACA AGTTAGTACG CTTTGCTAGG

TCATCCTGTC TCTTGATCAG ATCTTGATCC CCTGCGCCAT

CAGATCCTTG GCGGCAAGAA AGCCATCCAG TTTACTTTGC

AGGGCTTCCC AACCTTACCA AGTAGGACAG AGAACTAGTC

TAGAACTAGG GGACGCGGTA GTCTAGGAAC CGCCGTTCTT

TCGGTAGGTC AAATGAAACG TCCCGAAGGG TTGGAATGGT

GAGGGCGCCC CAGCTGGCAA TTCCGGTTCG CTTGCTGTCC

ATAAAACCGC CCAGTCTAGC TATCGCCATG TAAGCCCACT

GCAAGCTACC TGCTTTCTCT CTCCCGCGGG GTCGACCGTT

AAGGCCAAGC GAACGACAGG TATTTTGGCG GGTCAGATCG

ATAGCGGTAC ATTCGGGTGA CGTTCGATGG ACGAAAGAGA

TTGCGCTTGC GTTTTCCCTT GTCCAGATAG CCCAGTAGCT

GACATTCATC CCAGGTGGCA CTTTTCGGGG AAATGTGCGC

GCCCGCGTTC CTGCTGGCGC AACGCGAACG CAAAAGGGAA

CAGGTCTATC GGGTCATCGA CTGTAAGTAG GGTCCACCGT

GAAAAGCCCC TTTACACGCG CGGGCGCAAG GACGACCGCG

TGGGCCTGTT TCTGGCGCTG GACTTCCCGC TGTTCCGTCA

GCAGCTTTTC GCCCACGGCC TTGATGATCG CGGCGGCCTT

GGCCTGCATA TCCCGATTCA ACCCGGACAA AGACCGCGAC

CTGAAGGGCG ACAAGGCAGT CGTCGAAAAG CGGGTGCCGG

AACTACTAGC GCCGCCGGAA CCGGACGTAT AGGGCTAAGT

ACGGCCCCAG GGCGTCCAGA ACGGGCTTCA GGCGCTCCCG

AAGGTCTCGG GCCGTCTCTT GGGCTTGATC GGCCTTCTTG

CGCATCTCAC GCGCTCCTGC TGCCGGGGTC CCGCAGGTCT

TGCCCGAAGT CCGCGAGGGC TTCCAGAGCC CGGCAGAGAA

CCCGAACTAG CCGGAAGAAC GCGTAGAGTG CGCGAGGACG

GGCGGCCTGT AGGGCAGGCT CATACCCCTG CCGAACCGCT

TTTGTCAGCC GGTCGGCCAC GGCTTCCGGC GTCTCAACGC

GCTTTGAGAT TCCCAGCTTT CCGCCGGACA TCCCGTCCGA

GTATGGGGAC GGCTTGGCGA AAACAGTCGG CCAGCCGGTG

CCGAAGGCCG CAGAGTTGCG CGAAACTCTA AGGGTCGAAA

TCGGCCAATC CCTGCGGTGC ATAGGCGCGT GGCTCGACCG

CTTGCGGGCT GATGGTGACG TGGCCCACTG GTGGCCGCTC

CAGGGCCTCG TAGAACGCCT AGCCGGTTAG GGACGCCACG

TATCCGCGCA CCGAGCTGGC GAACGCCCGA CTACCACTGC

ACCGGGTGAC CACCGGCGAG GTCCCGGAGC ATCTTGCGGA

GAATGCGCGT GTGACGTGCC TTGCTGCCCT CGATGCCCCG

TTGCAGCCCT AGATCGGCCA CAGCGGCCGC AAACGTGGTC

TGGTCGCGGG TCATCTGCGC CTTACGCGCA CACTGCACGG

AACGACGGGA GCTACGGGGC AACGTCGGGA TCTAGCCGGT

GTCGCCGGCG TTTGCACCAG ACCAGCGCCC AGTAGACGCG

TTTGTTGCCG ATGAACTCCT TGGCCGACAG CCTGCCGTCC

TGCGTCAGCG GCACCACGAA CGCGGTCATG TGCGGGCTGG

TTTCGTCACG GTGGATGCTG AAACAACGGC TACTTGAGGA

ACCGGCTGTC GGACGGCAGG ACGCAGTCGC CGTGGTGCTT

GCGCCAGTAC ACGCCCGACC AAAGCAGTGC CACCTACGAC

GCCGTCACGA TGCGATCCGC CCCGTACTTG TCCGCCAGCC

ACTTGTGCGC CTTCTCGAAG AACGCCGCCT GCTGTTCTTG

GCTGGCCGAC TTCCACCATT CGGCAGTGCT ACGCTAGGCG

GGGCATGAAC AGGCGGTCGG TGAACACGCG GAAGAGCTTC

TTGCGGCGGA CGACAAGAAC CGACCGGCTG AAGGTGGTAA

CCGGGCTGGC CGTCATGACG TACTCGACCG CCAACACAGC

GTCCTTGCGC CGCTTCTCTG GCAGCAACTC GCGCAGTCGG

CCCATCGCTT CATCGGTGCT GGCCCGACCG GCAGTACTGC

ATGAGCTGGC GGTTGTGTCG CAGGAACGCG GCGAAGAGAC

CGTCGTTGAG CGCGTCAGCC GGGTAGCGAA GTAGCCACGA

GCTGGCCGCC CAGTGCTCGT TCTCTGGCGT CCTGCTGGCG

TCAGCGTTGG GCGTCTCGCG CTCGCGGTAG GCGTGCTTGA

GACTGGCCGC CACGTTGCCC CGACCGGCGG GTCACGAGCA

AGAGACCGCA GGACGACCGC AGTCGCAACC CGCAGAGCGC

GAGCGCCATC CGCACGAACT CTGACCGGCG GTGCAACGGG

ATTTTCGCCA GCTTCTTGCA TCGCATGATC GCGTATGCCG

CCATGCCTGC CCCTCCCTTT TGGTGTCCAA CCGGCTCGAC

GGGGGCAGCG CAAGGCGGTG TAAAAGCGGT CGAAGAACGT

AGCGTACTAG CGCATACGGC GGTACGGACG GGGAGGGAAA

ACCACAGGTT GGCCGAGCTG CCCCCGTCGC GTTCCGCCAC

CCTCCGGCGG GCCACTCAAT GCTTGAGTAT ACTCACTAGA

CTTTGCTTCG CAAAGTCGTG ACCGCCTACG GCGGCTGCGG

CGCCCTACGG GCTTGCTCTC GGAGGCCGCC CGGTGAGTTA

CGAACTCATA TGAGTGATCT GAAACGAAGC GTTTCAGCAC

TGGCGGATGC CGCCGACGCC GCGGGATGCC CGAACGAGAG

CGGGCTTCGC CCTGCGCGGT CGCTGCGCTC CCTTGCCAGC

CCGTGGATAT GTGGACGATG GCCGCGAGC GGCCACCGGCT

GGCTCGCTTC GCTCGGCCCG GCCCGAAGCG GGACGCGCCA

GCGACGCGAG GGAACGGTCG GGCACCTATA CACCTGCTAC

CGGCGCTCGC CGGTGGCCGA CCGAGCGAAG CGAGCCGGGC

TGGACAACCC TGCTGGACAA GCTGATGGAC AGGCTGCGCC

TGCCCACGAG CTTGACCACA GGGATTGCCC ACCGGCTACC

CAGCCTTCGA CCACATACCC ACCTGTTGGG ACGACCTGTT

CGACTACCTG TCCGACGCGG ACGGGTGCTC GAACTGGTGT

CCCTAACGGG TGGCCGATGG GTCGGAAGCT GGTGTATGGG

ACCGGCTCCA ACTGCGCGGC CTGCGGCCTT GCCCCATCAA

TTTTTTTAAT TTTCTCTGGG GAAAAGCCTC CGGCCTGCGG

CCTGCGCGCT TCGCTTGCCG TGGCCGAGGT TGACGCGCCG

GACGCCGGAA CGGGGTAGTT AAAAAAATTA AAAGAGACCC

CTTTTCGGAG GCCGGACGCC GGACGCGCGA AGCGAACGGC

GTTGGACACC AAGTGGAAGG CGGGTCAAGG CTCGCGCAGC

GACCGCGCAG CGGCTTGGCC TTGACGCGCC TGGAACGACC

CAAGCCTATG CGAGTGGGGG CAACCTGTGG TTCACCTTCC

GCCCAGTTCC GAGCGCGTCG CTGGCGCGTC GCCGAACCGG

AACTGCGCGG ACCTTGCTGG GTTCGGATAC GCTCACCCCC

CAGTCGAAGG CGAAGCCCGC CCGCCTGCCC CCCGAGCCTC

ACGGCGGCGA GTGCGGGGGT TCCAAGGGGG CAGCGCCACC

TTGGGCAAGG CCGAAGGCCG GTCAGCTTCC GCTTCGGGCG

GGCGGACGGG GGGCTCGGAG TGCCGCCGCT CACGCCCCCA

AGGTTCCCCC GTCGCGGTGG AACCCGTTCC GGCTTCCGGC

CGCAGTCGAT CAACAAGCCC CGGAGGGGCC ACTTTTTGCC

GGAGGCGTCA GCTAGTTGTT CGGGGCCTCC CCGGTGAAAA

ACGGCCTC

SEQ ID: 03

GGGGAGCCGC GCCGAAGGCG TGGGGGAACC CCGCAGGGGT

GCCCTTCTTT GGGCACCAAA GAACTAGATA TAGGGCGAAA

TGCGAAAGAC TTAAAAATCA CCCCTCGGCG CGGCTTCCGC

ACCCCCTTGG GGCGTCCCCA CGGGAAGAAA CCCGTGGTTT

CTTGATCTAT ATCCCGCTTT ACGCTTTCTG AATTTTTAGT

ACAACTTAAA AAAGGGGGGT ACGCAACAGC TCATTGCGGC

ACCCCCCGCA ATAGCTCATT GCGTAGGTTA AAGAAAATCT

GTAATTGACT GCCACTTTTA TGTTGAATTT TTTCCCCCCA

TGCGTTGTCG AGTAACGCCG TGGGGGGCGT TATCGAGTAA

CGCATCCAAT TTCTTTTAGA CATTAACTGA CGGTGAAAAT

CGCAACGCAT AATTGTTGTC GCGCTGCCGA AAAGTTGCAG

CTGATTGCGC ATGGTGCCGC AACCGTGCGG CACCCTACCG

CATGGAGATA AGCATGGCCA GCGTTGCGTA TTAACAACAG

CGCGACGGCT TTTCAACGTC GACTAACGCG TACCACGGCG

TTGGCACGCC GTGGGATGGC GTACCTCTAT TCGTACCGGT

CGCAGTCCAG AGAAATCGGC ATTCAAGCCA AGAACAAGCC

CGGTCACTGG GTGCAAACGG AACGCAAAGC GCATGAGGCG

TGGGCCGGGC TTATTGCGAG GCGTCAGGTC TCTTTAGCCG

TAAGTTCGGT TCTTGTTCGG GCCAGTGACC CACGTTTGCC

TTGCGTTTCG CGTACTCCGC ACCCGGCCCG AATAACGCTC

GAAACCCACG GCGGCAATGC TGCTGCATCA CCTCGTGGCG

CAGATGGGCC ACCAGAACGC CGTGGTGGTC AGCCAGAAGA

CACTTTCCAA GCTCATCGGA CTTTGGGTGC CGCCGTTACG

ACGACGTAGT GGAGCACCGC GTCTACCCGG TGGTCTTGCG

GCACCACCAG TCGGTCTTCT GTGAAAGGTT CGAGTAGCCT

CGTTCTTTGC GGACGGTCCA ATACGCAGTC AAGGACTTGG

TGGCCGAGCG CTGGATCTCC GTCGTGAAGC TCAACGGCCC

CGGCACCGTG TCGGCCTACG GCAAGAAACG CCTGCCAGGT

TATGCGTCAG TTCCTGAACC ACCGGCTCGC GACCTAGAGG

CAGCACTTCG AGTTGCCGGG GCCGTGGCAC AGCCGGATGC

TGGTCAATGA CCGCGTGGCG TGGGGCCAGC CCCGCGACCA

GTTGCGCCTG TCGGTGTTCA GTGCCGCCGT GGTGGTTGAT

CACGACGACC AGGACGAATC ACCAGTTACT GGCGCACCGC

ACCCCGGTCG GGGCGCTGGT CAACGCGGAC AGCCACAAGT

CACGGCGGCA CCACCAACTA GTGCTGCTGG TCCTGCTTAG

GCTGTTGGGG CATGGCGACC TGCGCCGCAT CCCGACCCTG

TATCCGGGCG AGCAGCAACT ACCGACCGGC CCCGGCGAGG

AGCCGCCCAG CCAGCCCGGC CGACAACCCC GTACCGCTGG

ACGCGGCGTA GGGCTGGGAC ATAGGCCCGC TCGTCGTTGA

TGGCTGGCCG GGGCCGCTCC TCGGCGGGTC GGTCGGGCCG

ATTCCGGGCA TGGAACCAGA CCTGCCAGCC TTGACCGAAA

CGGAGGAATG GGAACGGCGC GGGCAGCAGC GCCTGCCGAT

GCCCGATGAG CCGTGTTTTC TAAGGCCCGT ACCTTGGTCT

GGACGGTCGG AACTGGCTTT GCCTCCTTAC CCTTGCCGCG

CCCGTCGTCG CGGACGGCTA CGGGCTACTC GGCACAAAAG

TGGACGATGG CGAGCCGTTG GAGCCGCCGA CACGGGTCAC

GCTGCCGCGC CGGTAGCACT TGGGTTGCGC AGCAACCCGT

AAGTGCGCTG TTCCAGACTA ACCTGCTACC GCTCGGCAAC

CTCGGCGGCT GTGCCCAGTG CGACGGCGCG GCCATCGTGA

ACCCAACGCG TCGTTGGGCA TTCACGCGAC AAGGTCTGAT

TCGGCTGTAG CCGCCTCGCC GCCCTATACC TTGTCTGCCT

CCCCGCGTTG CGTCGCGGTG CATGGAGCCG GGCCACCTCG

ACCTGAATGG AAGCCGGCGG AGCCGACATC GGCGGAGCGG

CGGGATATGG AACAGACGGA GGGGCGCAAC GCAGCGCCAC

GTACCTCGGC CCGGTGGAGC TGGACTTACC TTCGGCCGCC

CACCTCGCTA ACGGATTCAC CGTTTTTATC AGGCTCTGGG

AGGCAGAATA AATGATCATA TCGTCAATTA TTACCTCCAC

GGGGAGAGCC TGAGCAAACT GTGGAGCGAT TGCCTAAGTG

GCAAAAATAG TCCGAGACCC TCCGTCTTAT TTACTAGTAT

AGCAGTTAAT AATGGAGGTG CCCCTCTCGG ACTCGTTTGA

GGCCTCAGGC ATTTGAGAAG CACACGGTCA CACTGCTTCC

GGTAGTCAAT AAACCGGTAA ACCAGCAATA GACATAAGCG

GCTATTTAAC GACCCTGCCC CCGGAGTCCG TAAACTCTTC

GTGTGCCAGT GTGACGAAGG CCATCAGTTA TTTGGCCATT

TGGTCGTTAT CTGTATTCGC CGATAAATTG CTGGGACGGG

TGAACCGACG ACCGGGTCGA ATTTGCTTTC GAATTTCTGC

CATTCATCCG CTTATTATCA CTTATTCAGG CGTAGCACCA

GGCGTTTAAG GGCACCAATA ACTTGGCTGC TGGCCCAGCT

TAAACGAAAG CTTAAAGACG GTAAGTAGGC GAATAATAGT

GAATAAGTCC GCATCGTGGT CCGCAAATTC CCGTGGTTAT

ACTGCCTTAA AAAAATTACG CCCCGCCCTG CCACTCATCG

CAGTCGGCCT ATTGGTTAAA AAATGAGCTG ATTTAACAAA

AATTTAACGC GAATTTTAAC TGACGGAATT TTTTTAATGC

GGGGCGGGAC GGTGAGTAGC GTCAGCCGGA TAACCAATTT

TTTACTCGAC TAAATTGTTT TTAAATTGCG CTTAAAATTG

AAAATATTAA CGCTTACAAT TTCCATTCGC CATTCAGGCT

GCGCAACTGT TGGGAAGGGC GATCGGTGCG GGCCTCTTCG

CTATTACGCC AGCTGGCGAA TTTTATAATT GCGAATGTTA

AAGGTAAGCG GTAAGTCCGA CGCGTTGACA ACCCTTCCCG

CTAGCCACGC CCGGAGAAGC GATAATGCGG TCGACCGCTT

AGGGGGATGT GCTGCAAGGC GATTAAGTTG GGTAACGCCA

GGGTTTTCCC AGTCACGACG TTGTAAAACG ACGGCCAGTG

AGCGCGCGTA ATACGACTCA TCCCCCTACA CGACGTTCCG

CTAATTCAAC CCATTGCGGT CCCAAAAGGG TCAGTGCTGC

AACATTTTGC TGCCGGTCAC TCGCGCGCAT TATGCTGAGT

CTATAGGGCG AATTGGAGCT CCACCGCGGT GGCGGCCGCT

CTAGAACTAG TGGATCCCCC GGGCTGCAGG AATTCGATAT

CAAGCTTATC GATACCGTCG GATATCCCGC TTAACCTCGA

GGTGGCGCCA CCGCCGGCGA GATCTTGATC ACCTAGGGGG

CCCGACGTCC TTAAGCTATA GTTCGAATAG CTATGGCAGC

ACGGGCCCGG GATCCGATGC TCTTCCGCTA AGATCTTTTA

CTAGTTCAGT CCATCTCGCC GTGTATGCGG GCCTGACGGA

TCAACGTTCC CACCGAGCCA TGCCCGGGCC CTAGGCTACG

AGAAGGCGAT TCTAGAAAAT GATCAAGTCA GGTAGAGCGG

CACATACGCC CGGACTGCCT AGTTGCAAGG GTGGCTCGGT

GTCGAGATGT TCATCTGGTC GGCGATCTGC CGGTACTTCA

AACCTTGTTT GCGCAGTTCC ACAGCCTTCT TGCGGCGTTC

CTGCGCACGA GCGATGTAGT CAGCTCTACA AGTAGACCAG

CCGCTAGACG GCCATGAAGT TTGGAACAAA CGCGTCAAGG

TGTCGGAAGA ACGCCGCAAG GACGCGTGCT CGCTACATCA

CGCCTCGGTC TTCGGCGACG AGCCGTTTGA TGGTGCTTTT

CGAGACGCCG AACTTGTCAG CCAACTCCTG CGCGGTCTGC

GTGCGACGCA TCACGCGTTC GCGGAGCCAG AAGCCGCTGC

TCGGCAAACT ACCACGAAAA GCTCTGCGGC TTGAACAGTC

GGTTGAGGAC GCGCCAGACG CACGCTGCGT AGTGCGCAAG

TGCAGCACCC ATCAGTCCGT CCCCTCTGCT GCTGCGAACA

GTGCCGATCG ATCGACCTTC TTGAGCTTCG GCCGCGGCGC

GGTGGCGTTC TTCCGTACCG ACGTCGTGGG TAGTCAGGCA

GGGGAGACGA CGACGCTTGT CACGGCTAGC TAGCTGGAAG

AACTCGAAGC CGGCGCCGCG CCACCGCAAG AAGGCATGGC

CTTCCGTTTT TGCGCTGCTG CTCACTTTGC CGCGGCGTGC

CTGGATTTTC GAGAACTCGG CGGCGGTGAA GGTGCGGTGG

GTCCAGTGGG CGACTGATTT GAAGGCAAAA ACGCGACGAC

GAGTGAAACG GCGCCGCACG GACCTAAAAG CTCTTGAGCC

GCCGCCACTT CCACGCCACC CAGGTCACCC GCTGACTAAA

GCCGATCTGC TCGGCCTCGG CCCGACTCAT GGGGCCGATC

CCGTCGTTGG CGTCGAGGGT GAAGTTGGTC AGGGCGGTGA

AGTCGGTGAC CATCTGCCGC CGGCTAGACG AGCCGGAGCC

GGGCTGAGTA CCCCGGCTAG GGCAGCAACC GCAGCTCCCA

CTTCAACCAG TCCCGCCACT TCAGCCACTG GTAGACGGCG

CACACAGTGA TCGACGGGTA GTTCTGTTTC CGGATCTCGC

GGTAGGCCCA TTCCCGGGTG CGGTCGAACA GTTCGACGTT

CCGGCCCGTT TCGGTCCTGA GTGTGTCACT AGCTGCCCAT

CAAGACAAAG GCCTAGAGCG CCATCCGGGT AAGGGCCCAC

GCCAGCTTGT CAAGCTGCAA GGCCGGGCAA AGCCAGGACT

CCTGTGTCTT GCGGCCGTAG TCCGGTGGGG CGGGGAAACG

GTCACCGAGC GCTTTTGCGA GGCCTTTGAG CGAGTACGGA

TCCGAGGGAC CCCAGACCGT GGACACAGAA CGCCGGCATC

AGGCCACCCC GCCCCTTTGC CAGTGGCTCG CGAAAACGCT

CCGGAAACTC GCTCATGCCT AGGCTCCCTG GGGTCTGGCA

CGTCCAGTGC GGGTGGATCG GGTTCTGGGT GAGCTGCTGC

GCGTAGCCCT GATCGGCGCC GACCACCGAG GCGATCAGCC

CCTGGTTCAC CCGGTCGTAG GCAGGTCACG CCCACCTAGC

CCAAGACCCA CTCGACGACG CGCATCGGGA CTAGCCGCGG

CTGGTGGCTC CGCTAGTCGG GGACCAAGTG GGCCAGCATC

AGCCGCAGCG GGCCCTGTCG GGCTGCCTGG AGGGTGTAGA

CCGGGCTTTC GAGCAGCCAC CACAGGTGCG CGTGCTCGGT

CGCGGGATTG ATCGTCATCA TCGGCGTCGC CCGGGACAGC

CCGACGGACC TCCCACATCT GGCCCGAAAG CTCGTCGGTG

GTGTCCACGC GCACGAGCCA GCGCCCTAAC TAGCAGTAGT

CGGTCGGATC GGGCAGATCC GCGTTACGTG CGGCCCACTG

CGCCTGGTCG TCGTCCACGT CGAGCACCAA GCCCAACCTG

ATCGACGGGG TGCGGGCCGC GCCAGCCTAG CCCGTCTAGG

CGCAATGCAC GCCGGGTGAC GCGGACCAGC AGCAGGTGCA

GCTCGTGGTT CGGGTTGGAC TAGCTGCCCC ACGCCCGGCG

AATGTAGCGG CGGGTGAGCG CCTCCGCGCG CGGCTGCGGC

CACTGCCCGT CCCGGACGTA GTCATCCGTC GCGTGCGGGT

ATTTGAACCG CCAGCGGTCC TTACATCGCC GCCCACTCGC

GGAGGCGCGC GCCGACGCCG GTGACGGGCA GGGCCTGCAT

CAGTAGGCAG CGCACGCCCA TAAACTTGGC GGTCGCCAGG

AACCAGGCGT CAACAGCAGC GGTCATGACC GCCAAGCTAG

GGCCGGATCT GTACCGATCG GGGGAGGCGC GCCGCAAATT

ATTTAAGAGT CTCGCTAGCA TTGGTCCGCA GTTGTCGTCG

CCAGTACTGG CGGTTCGATC CCGGCCTAGA CATGGCTAGC

CCCCTCCGCG CGGCGTTTAA TAAATTCTCA GAGCGATCGT

AACCATGTCA GGTGTTGCGG TGGGTTCCGG GTAAACCTCC

ACCCGAATTA TTTAAGAGTC TCGCTAGCTA AGCCCTATCT

GATGCTGCGC GGGGGGTCCT TTGGTACAGT CCACAACGCC

ACCCAAGGCC CATTTGGAGG TGGGCTTAAT AAATTCTCAG

AGCGATCGAT TCGGGATAGA CTACGACGCG CCCCCCAGGA

TCGCACTGAA TCTCAAAGGT GGCCGGCTGA ATTTCGTCGC

GCGAAAACCT CCCTGGACAG TTCTGGAATT CAGCAAGAGG

TGTGTCTGAA CTTCGGTGTT AGCGTGACTT AGAGTTTCCA

CCGGCCGACT TAAAGCAGCG CGCTTTTGGA GGGACCTGTC

AAGACCTTAA GTCGTTCTCC ACACAGACTT GAAGCCACAA

TTTTTGGGGG GTGACTCCAG CGGGGTGGGC ACAACGCGAA

CAGAGACCTT GTGTGTACGA CGGCGGGAGG TAAGTCGGGT

ACGGCTCGGA CTGCGGTAGA AAAAACCCCC CACTGAGGTC

GCCCCACCCG TGTTGCGCTT GTCTCTGGAA CACACATGCT

GCCGCCCTCC ATTCAGCCCA TGCCGAGCCT GACGCCATCT

GCAACCGTCG AATCGATTTC GAGCAGAGCG AGCAGAGCAA

GATATTCCAA AACTCCGGGG TTCCTCGGCG GCCTCCCCCG

TCTGTTTGCT CAACCGAGGG CGTTGGCAGC TTAGCTAAAG

CTCGTCTCGC TCGTCTCGTT CTATAAGGTT TTGAGGCCCC

AAGGAGCCGC CGGAGGGGGC AGACAAACGA GTTGGCTCCC

AGACCTGGCG GTCCCGCGTT TCCGGACGCG CGGGACCGCC

TACCGCTCGA GAGCGGAAGA GCATCTAGAT GCATTCGCGA

GGTACCCAGC TTTTGTTCCC TCTGGACCGC CAGGGCGCAA

AGGCCTGCGC GCCCTGGCGG ATGGCGAGCT CTCGCCTTCT

CGTAGATCTA CGTAAGCGCT CCATGGGTCG AAAACAAGGG

TTTAGTGAGG GTTAATTGCG CGCTTGGCGT AATCATGGTC

ATAGCTGTTT CCTGTGTGAA ATTGTTATCC GCTCACAATT

CCACACAACA TACGAGCCGG AAATCACTCC CAATTAACGC

GCGAACCGCA TTAGTACCAG TATCGACAAA GGACACACTT

TAACAATAGG CGAGTGTTAA GGTGTGTTGT ATGCTCGGCC

AAGCATAAAG TGTAAAGCCT GGGGTGCCTA ATGAGTGAGC

TAACTCACAT TAATTGCGTT GCGCTCACTG CCCGCTTTCC

AGTCGGGAAA CCTGTCGTGC TTCGTATTTC ACATTTCGGA

CCCCACGGAT TACTCACTCG ATTGAGTGTA ATTAACGCAA

CGCGAGTGAC GGGCGAAAGG TCAGCCCTTT GGACAGCACG

CAGCTGCATT AATGAATCGG CCAACGCGCG GGGAGAGGCG

GTTTGCGTAT TGGGCGCATG CATAAAAACT GTTGTAATTC

ATTAAGCATT CTGCCGACAT GTCGACGTAA TTACTTAGCC

GGTTGCGCGC CCCTCTCCGC CAAACGCATA ACCCGCGTAC

GGAAGCCATC ACAAACGGCA TGATGAACCT GAATCGCCAG

CGGCATCAGC ACCTTGTCGC CTTGCGTATA ATATTTGCCC

ATGGGGGTGG GCGAAGAACT CCTTCGGTAG TGTTTGCCGT

ACTACTTGGA CTTAGCGGTC GCCGTAGTCG TGGAACAGCG

GAACGCATAT TATAAACGGG TACCCCCACC CGCTTCTTGA

CCAGCATGAG ATCCCCGCGC TGGAGGATCA TCCAGCCGGC

GTCCCGGAAA ACGATTCCGA AGCCCAACCT TTCATAGAAG

GCGGCGGTGG AATCGAAATC GGTCGTACTC TAGGGGCGCG

ACCTCCTAGT AGGTCGGCCG CAGGGCCTTT TGCTAAGGCT

TCGGGTTGGA AAGTATCTTC CGCCGCCACC TTAGCTTTAG

TCGTGATGGC AGGTTGGGCG TCGCTTGGTC GGTCATTTCG

AACCCCAGAG TCCCGCTCAG AAGAACTCGT CAAGAAGGCG

ATAGAAGGCG ATGCGCTGCG AGCACTACCG TCCAACCCGC

AGCGAACCAG CCAGTAAAGC TTGGGGTCTC AGGGCGAGTC

TTCTTGAGCA GTTCTTCCGC TATCTTCCGC TACGCGACGC

AATCGGGAGC GGCGATACCG TAAAGCACGA GGAAGCGGTC

AGCCCATTCG CCGCCAAGCT CTTCAGCAAT ATCACGGGTA

GCCAACGCTA TGTCCTGATA TTAGCCCTCG CCGCTATGGC

ATTTCGTGCT CCTTCGCCAG TCGGGTAAGC GGCGGTTCGA

GAAGTCGTTA TAGTGCCCAT CGGTTGCGAT ACAGGACTAT

GCGGTCCGCC ACACCCAGCC GGCCACAGTC GATGAATCCA

GAAAAGCGGC CATTTTCCAC CATGATATTC GGCAAGCAGG

CATCGCCATG GGTCACGACG CGCCAGGCGG TGTGGGTCGG

CCGGTGTCAG CTACTTAGGT CTTTTCGCCG GTAAAAGGTG

GTACTATAAG CCGTTCGTCC GTAGCGGTAC CCAGTGCTGC

AGATCCTCGC CGTCGGGCAT GCGCGCCTTG AGCCTGGCGA

ACAGTTCGGC TGGCGCGAGC CCCTGATGCT CTTCGTCCAG

ATCATCCTGA TCGACAAGAC TCTAGGAGCG GCAGCCCGTA

CGCGCGGAAC TCGGACCGCT TGTCAAGCCG ACCGCGCTCG

GGGACTACGA GAAGCAGGTC TAGTAGGACT AGCTGTTCTG

CGGCTTCCAT CCGAGTACGT GCTCGCTCGA TGCGATGTTT

CGCTTGGTGG TCGAATGGGC AGGTAGCCGG ATCAAGCGTA

TGCAGCCGCC GCATTGCATC GCCGAAGGTA GGCTCATGCA

CGAGCGAGCT ACGCTACAAA GCGAACCACC AGCTTACCCG

TCCATCGGCC TAGTTCGCAT ACGTCGGCGG CGTAACGTAG

AGCCATGATG GATACTTTCT CGGCAGGAGC AAGGTGAGAT

GACAGGAGAT CCTGCCCCGG CACTTCGCCC AATAGCAGCC

AGTCCCTTCC CGCTTCAGT TCGGTACTAC CTATGAAAGA

GCCGTCCTCG TTCCACTCTA CTGTCCTCTA GGACGGGGCC

GTGAAGCGGG TTATCGTCGG TCAGGGAAGG GCGAAGTCAC

ACAACGTCGA GCACAGCTGC GCAAGGAACG CCCGTCGTGG

CCAGCCACGA TAGCCGCGCT GCCTCGTCCT GCAGTTCATT

CAGGGCACCG GACAGGTCGG TGTTGCAGCT CGTGTCGACG

CGTTCCTTGC GGGCAGCACC GGTCGGTGCT ATCGGCGCGA

CGGAGCAGGA CGTCAAGTAA GTCCCGTGGC CTGTCCAGCC

TCTTGACAAA AAGAACCGGG CGCCCCTGCG CTGACAGCCG

GAACACGGCG GCATCAGAGC AGCCGATTGT CTGTTGTGCC

CAGTCATAGC CGAATAGCCT AGAACTGTTT TTCTTGGCCC

GCGGGGACGC GACTGTCGGC CTTGTGCCGC CGTAGTCTCG

TCGGCTAACA GACAACACGG GTCAGTATCG GCTTATCGGA

CTCCACCCAA GCGGCCGGAG AACCTGCGTG CAATCCATCT

TGTTCAATCA TGCGAAACGA TCCTCATCCT GTCTCTTGAT

CAGATCTTGA TCCCCTGCGC GAGGTGGGTT CGCCGGCCTC

TTGGACGCAC GTTAGGTAGA ACAAGTTAGT ACGCTTTGCT

AGGAGTAGGA CAGAGAACTA GTCTAGAACT AGGGGACGCG

CATCAGATCC TTGGCGGCAA GAAAGCCATC CAGTTTACTT

TGCAGGGCTT CCCAACCTTA CCAGAGGGCG CCCCAGCTGG

CAATTCCGGT TCGCTTGCTG GTAGTCTAGG AACCGCCGTT

CTTTCGGTAG GTCAAATGAA ACGTCCCGAA GGGTTGGAAT

GGTCTCCCGC GGGGTCGACC GTTAAGGCCA AGCGAACGAC

TCCATAAAAC CGCCCAGTCT AGCTATCGCC ATGTAAGCCC

ACTGCAAGCT ACCTGCTTTC TCTTTGCGCT TGCGTTTTCC

CTTGTCCAGA TAGCCCAGTA AGGTATTTTG GCGGGTCAGA

TCGATAGCGG TACATTCGGG TGACGTTCGA TGGACGAAAG

AGAAACGCGA ACGCAAAAGG GAACAGGTCT ATCGGGTCAT

GCTGACATTC ATCCCAGGTG GCACTTTTCG GGGAAATGTG

CGCGCCCGCG TTCCTGCTGG CGCTGGGCCT GTTTCTGGCG

CTGGACTTCC CGCTGTTCCG CGACTGTAAG TAGGGTCCAC

CGTGAAAAGC CCCTTTACAC GCGCGGGCGC AAGGACGACC

GCGACCCGGA CAAAGACCGC GACCTGAAGG GCGACAAGGC

TCAGCAGCTT TTCGCCCACG GCCTTGATGA TCGCGGCGGC

CTTGGCCTGC ATATCCCGAT TCAACGGCCC CAGGGCGTCC

AGAACGGGCT TCAGGCGCTC AGTCGTCGAA AAGCGGGTGC

CGGAACTACT AGCGCCGCCG GAACCGGACG TATAGGGCTA

AGTTGCCGGG GTCCCGCAGG TCTTGCCCGA AGTCCGCGA

CCGAAGGTCT CGGGCCGTCT CTTGGGCTTG ATCGGCCTTC

TTGCGCATCT CACGCGCTCC TGCGGCGGCC TGTAGGGCAG

GCTCATACCC CTGCCGAACC GGCTTCCAGA GCCCGGCAGA

GAACCCGAAC TAGCCGGAAG AACGCGTAGA GTGCGCGAGG

ACGCCGCCGG ACATCCCGTC CGAGTATGGG GACGGCTTGG

GCTTTTGTCA GCCGGTCGGC CACGGCTTCC GGCGTCTCAA

CGCGCTTTGA GATTCCCAGC TTTTCGGCCA ATCCCTGCGG

TGCATAGGCG CGTGGCTCGA CGAAAACAGT CGGCCAGCCG

GTGCCGAAGG CCGCAGAGTT GCGCGAAACT CTAAGGGTCG

AAAAGCCGGT TAGGGACGCC ACGTATCCGC GCACCGAGCT

CCGCTTGCGG GCTGATGGTG ACGTGGCCCA CTGGTGGCCG

CTCCAGGGCC TCGTAGAACG CCTGAATGCG CGTGTGACGT

GCCTTGCTGC CCTCGATGCC GGCGAACGCC CGACTACCAC

TGCACCGGGT GACCACCGGC GAGGTCCCGG AGCATCTTGC

GGACTTACGC GCACACTGCA CGGAACGACG GGAGCTACGG

CCGTTGCAGC CCTAGATCGG CCACAGCGGC CGCAAACGTG

GTCTGGTCGC GGGTCATCTG CGCTTTGTTG CCGATGAACT

CCTTGGCCGA CAGCCTGCCG GGCAACGTCG GGATCTAGCC

GGTGTCGCCG GCGTTTGCAC CAGACCAGCG CCCAGTAGAC

GCGAAACAAC GGCTACTTGA GGAACCGGCT GTCGGACGGC

TCCTGCGTCA GCGGCACCAC GAACGCGGTC ATGTGCGGGC

TGGTTTCGTC ACGGTGGATG CTGGCCGTCA CGATGCGATC

CGCCCCGTAC TTGTCCGCCA AGGACGCAGT CGCCGTGGTG

CTTGCGCCAG TACACGCCCG ACCAAAGCAG TGCCACCTAC

GACCGGCAGT GCTACGCTAG GCGGGGCATG AACAGGCGGT

GCCACTTGTG CGCCTTCTCG AAGAACGCCG CCTGCTGTTC

TTGGCTGGCC GACTTCCACC ATTCCGGGCT GGCCGTCATG

ACGTACTCGA CCGCCAACAC CGGTGAACAC GCGGAAGAGC

TTCTTGCGGC GGACGACAAG AACCGACCGG CTGAAGGTGG

TAAGGCCCGA CCGGCAGTAC TGCATGAGCT GGCGGTTGTG

AGCGTCCTTG CGCCGCTTCT CTGGCAGCAA CTCGCGCAGT

CGGCCCATCG CTTCATCGGT GCTGCTGGCC GCCCAGTGCT

CGTTCTCTGG CGTCCTGCTG TCGCAGGAAC GCGGCGAAGA

GACCGTCGTT GAGCGCGTCA GCCGGGTAGC GAAGTAGCCA

CGACGACCGG CGGGTCACGA GCAAGAGACC GCAGGACGAC

GCGTCAGCGT TGGGCGTCTC GCGCTCGCGG TAGGCGTGCT

TGAGACTGGC CGCCACGTTG CCCATTTTCG CCAGCTTCTT

GCATCGCATG ATCGCGTATG CGCAGTCGCA ACCCGCAGAG

CGCGAGCGCC ATCCGCACGA ACTCTGACCG GCGGTGCAAC

GGGTAAAAGC GGTCGAAGAA CGTAGCGTAC TAGCGCATAC

CCGCCATGCC TGCCCCTCCC TTTTGGTGTC CAACCGGCTC

GACGGGGGCA GCGCAAGGCG GTGCCTCCGG CGGGCCACTC

AATGCTTGAG TATACTCACT GGCGGTACGG ACGGGGAGGG

AAAACCACAG GTTGGCCGAG CTGCCCCCGT CGCGTTCCGC

CACGGAGGCC GCCCGGTGAG TTACGAACTC ATATGAGTGA

AGACTTTGCT TCGCAAAGTC GTGACCGCCT ACGGCGGCTG

CGGCGCCCTA CGGGCTTGCT CTCCGGGCTT CGCCCTGCGC

GGTCGCTGCG CTCCCTTGCC TCTGAAACGA AGCGTTTCAG

CACTGGCGGA TGCCGCCGAC GCCGCGGGAT GCCCGAACGA

GAGGCCCGAA GCGGGACGCG CCAGCGACGC GAGGGAACGG

SEQ ID: 04

GGGGAGCCGC GCCGAAGGCG TGGGGGAACC CCGCAGGGGT

GCCCTTCTTT GGGCACCAAA GAACTAGATA TAGGGCGAAA

TGCGAAAGAC TTAAAAATCA CCCCTCGGCG CGGCTTCCGC

ACCCCCTTGG GGCGTCCCCA CGGGAAGAAA CCCGTGGTTT

CTTGATCTAT ATCCCGCTTT ACGCTTTCTG AATTTTTAGT

ACAACTTAAA AAAGGGGGGT ACGCAACAGC TCATTGCGGC

ACCCCCCGCA ATAGCTCATT GCGTAGGTTA AAGAAAATCT

GTAATTGACT GCCACTTTTA TGTTGAATTT TTTCCCCCCA

TGCGTTGTCG AGTAACGCCG TGGGGGGCGT TATCGAGTAA

CGCATCCAAT TTCTTTTAGA CATTAACTGA CGGTGAAAAT

CGCAACGCAT AATTGTTGTC GCGCTGCCGA AAAGTTGCAG

CTGATTGCGC ATGGTGCCGC AACCGTGCGG CACCCTACCG

CATGGAGATA AGCATGGCCA GCGTTGCGTA TTAACAACAG

CGCGACGGCT TTTCAACGTC GACTAACGCG TACCACGGCG

TTGGCACGCC GTGGGATGGC GTACCTCTAT TCGTACCGGT

CGCAGTCCAG AGAAATCGGC ATTCAAGCCA AGAACAAGCC

CGGTCACTGG GTGCAAACGG AACGCAAAGC GCATGAGGCG

TGGGCCGGGC TTATTGCGAG GCGTCAGGTC TCTTTAGCCG

TAAGTTCGGT TCTTGTTCGG GCCAGTGACC CACGTTTGCC

TTGCGTTTCG CGTACTCCGC ACCCGGCCCG AATAACGCTC

GAAACCCACG GCGGCAATGC TGCTGCATCA CCTCGTGGCG

CAGATGGGCC ACCAGAACGC CGTGGTGGTC AGCCAGAAGA

CACTTTCCAA GCTCATCGGA CTTTGGGTGC CGCCGTTACG

ACGACGTAGT GGAGCACCGC GTCTACCCGG TGGTCTTGCG

GCACCACCAG TCGGTCTTCT GTGAAAGGTT CGAGTAGCCT

CGTTCTTTGC GGACGGTCCA ATACGCAGTC AAGGACTTGG

TGGCCGAGCG CTGGATCTCC GTCGTGAAGC TCAACGGCCC

CGGCACCGTG TCGGCCTACG GCAAGAAACG CCTGCCAGGT

TATGCGTCAG TTCCTGAACC ACCGGCTCGC GACCTAGAGG

CAGCACTTCG AGTTGCCGGG GCCGTGGCAC AGCCGGATGC

TGGTCAATGA CCGCGTGGCG TGGGGCCAGC CCCGCGACCA

GTTGCGCCTG TCGGTGTTCA GTGCCGCCGT GGTGGTTGAT

CACGACGACC AGGACGAATC ACCAGTTACT GGCGCACCGC

ACCCCGGTCG GGGCGCTGGT CAACGCGGAC AGCCACAAGT

CACGGCGGCA CCACCAACTA GTGCTGCTGG TCCTGCTTAG

GCTGTTGGGG CATGGCGACC TGCGCCGCAT CCCGACCCTG

TATCCGGGCG AGCAGCAACT ACCGACCGGC CCCGGCGAGG

AGCCGCCCAG CCAGCCCGGC CGACAACCCC GTACCGCTGG

ACGCGGCGTA GGGCTGGGAC ATAGGCCCGC TCGTCGTTGA

TGGCTGGCCG GGGCCGCTCC TCGGCGGGTC GGTCGGGCCG

ATTCCGGGCA TGGAACCAGA CCTGCCAGCC TTGACCGAAA

CGGAGGAATG GGAACGGCGC GGGCAGCAGC GCCTGCCGAT

GCCCGATGAG CCGTGTTTTC TAAGGCCCGT ACCTTGGTCT

GGACGGTCGG AACTGGCTTT GCCTCCTTAC CCTTGCCGCG

CCCGTCGTCG CGGACGGCTA CGGGCTACTC GGCACAAAAG

TGGACGATGG CGAGCCGTTG GAGCCGCCGA CACGGGTCAC

GCTGCCGCGC CGGTAGCACT TGGGTTGCGC AGCAACCCGT

AAGTGCGCTG TTCCAGACTA ACCTGCTACC GCTCGGCAAC

CTCGGCGGCT GTGCCCAGTG CGACGGCGCG GCCATCGTGA

ACCCAACGCG TCGTTGGGCA TTCACGCGAC AAGGTCTGAT

TCGGCTGTAG CCGCCTCGCC GCCCTATACC TTGTCTGCCT

CCCCGCGTTG CGTCGCGGTG CATGGAGCCG GGCCACCTCG

ACCTGAATGG AAGCCGGCGG AGCCGACATC GGCGGAGCGG

CGGGATATGG AACAGACGGA GGGGCGCAAC GCAGCGCCAC

GTACCTCGGC CCGGTGGAGC TGGACTTACC TTCGGCCGCC

CACCTCGCTA ACGGATTCAC CGTTTTTATC AGGCTCTGGG

AGGCAGAATA AATGATCATA TCGTCAATTA TTACCTCCAC

GGGGAGAGCC TGAGCAAACT GTGGAGCGAT TGCCTAAGTG

GCAAAAATAG TCCGAGACCC TCCGTCTTAT TTACTAGTAT

AGCAGTTAAT AATGGAGGTG CCCCTCTCGG ACTCGTTTGA

GGCCTCAGGC ATTTGAGAAG CACACGGTCA CACTGCTTCC

GGTAGTCAAT AAACCGGTAA ACCAGCAATA GACATAAGCG

GCTATTTAAC GACCCTGCCC CCGGAGTCCG TAAACTCTTC

GTGTGCCAGT GTGACGAAGG CCATCAGTTA TTTGGCCATT

TGGTCGTTAT CTGTATTCGC CGATAAATTG CTGGGACGGG

TGAACCGACG ACCGGGTCGA ATTTGCTTTC GAATTTCTGC

CATTCATCCG CTTATTATCA CTTATTCAGG CGTAGCACCA

GGCGTTTAAG GGCACCAATA ACTTGGCTGC TGGCCCAGCT

TAAACGAAAG CTTAAAGACG GTAAGTAGGC GAATAATAGT

GAATAAGTCC GCATCGTGGT CCGCAAATTC CCGTGGTTAT

ACTGCCTTAA AAAAATTACG CCCCGCCCTG CCACTCATCG

CAGTCGGCCT ATTGGTTAAA AAATGAGCTG ATTTAACAAA

AATTTAACGC GAATTTTAAC TGACGGAATT TTTTTAATGC

GGGGCGGGAC GGTGAGTAGC GTCAGCCGGA TAACCAATTT

TTTACTCGAC TAAATTGTTT TTAAATTGCG CTTAAAATTG

AAAATATTAA CGCTTACAAT TTCCATTCGC CATTCAGGCT

GCGCAACTGT TGGGAAGGGC GATCGGTGCG GGCCTCTTCG

CTATTACGCC AGCTGGCGAA TTTTATAATT GCGAATGTTA

AAGGTAAGCG GTAAGTCCGA CGCGTTGACA ACCCTTCCCG

CTAGCCACGC CCGGAGAAGC GATAATGCGG TCGACCGCTT

AGGGGGATGT GCTGCAAGGC GATTAAGTTG GGTAACGCCA

GGGTTTTCCC AGTCACGACG TTGTAAAACG ACGGCCAGTG

AGCGCGCGTA ATACGACTCA TCCCCCTACA CGACGTTCCG

CTAATTCAAC CCATTGCGGT CCCAAAAGGG TCAGTGCTGC

AACATTTTGC TGCCGGTCAC TCGCGCGCAT TATGCTGAGT

CTATAGGGCG AATTGGAGCT CCACCGCGGT GGCGGCCGCT

CTAGAACTAG TGGATCCCCC GGGCTGCAGG AATTCGATAT

CAAGCTTTTA CGCCCCGCCC GATATCCCGC TTAACCTCGA

GGTGGCGCCA CCGCCGGCGA GATCTTGATC ACCTAGGGGG

CCCGACGTCC TTAAGCTATA GTTCGAAAAT GCGGGGCGGG

TGCCACTCAT CGCAGTACTG TTGTAATTCA TTAAGCATTC

TGCCGACATG GAAGCCATCA CAAACGGCAT GATGAACCTG

AATCGCCAGC GGCATCAGCA ACGGTGAGTA GCGTCATGAC

AACATTAAGT AATTCGTAAG ACGGCTGTAC CTTCGGTAGT

GTTTGCCGTA CTACTTGGAC TTAGCGGTCG CCGTAGTCGT

CCTTGTCGCC TTGCGTATAA TATTTGCCCA TGGTGAAAAC

GGGGGCGAAG AAGTTGTCCA TATTGGCCAC GTTTAAATCA

AAACTGGTGA AACTCACCCA GGAACAGCGG AACGCATATT

ATAAACGGGT ACCACTTTTG CCCCCGCTTC TTCAACAGGT

ATAACCGGTG CAAATTTAGT TTTGACCACT TTGAGTGGGT

GGGATTGGCT GAGACGAAAA ACATATTCTC AATAAACCCT

TTAGGGAAAT AGGCCAGGTT TTCACCGTAA CACGCCACAT

CTTGCGAATA TATGTGTAGA CCCTAACCGA CTCTGCTTTT

TGTATAAGAG TTATTTGGGA AATCCCTTTA TCCGGTCCAA

AAGTGGCATT GTGCGGTGTA GAACGCTTAT ATACACATCT

AACTGCCGGA AATCGTCGTG GTATTCACTC CAGAGCGATG

AAAACGTTTC AGTTTGCTCA TGGAAAACGG TGTAACAAGG

GTGAACACTA TCCCATATCA TTGACGGCCT TTAGCAGCAC

CATAAGTGAG GTCTCGCTAC TTTTGCAAAG TCAAACGAGT

ACCTTTTGCC ACATTGTTCC CACTTGTGAT AGGGTATAGT

CCAGCTCACC GTCTTTCATT GCCATACGAA ATTCCGGATG

AGCATTCATC AGGCGGGCAA GAATGTGAAT AAAGGCCGGA

TAAAACTTGT GCTTATTTTT GGTCGAGTGG CAGAAAGTAA

CGGTATGCTT TAAGGCCTAC TCGTAAGTAG TCCGCCCGTT

CTTACACTTA TTTCCGGCCT ATTTTGAACA CGAATAAAAA

CTTTACGGTC TTTAAAAAGG CCGTAATATC CAGCTGAACG

GTCTGGTTAT AGGTACATTG AGCAACTGAC TGAAATGCCT

CAAAATGTTC TTTACGATGC GAAATGCCAG AAATTTTTCC

GGCATTATAG GTCGACTTGC CAGACCAATA TCCATGTAAC

TCGTTGACTG ACTTTACGGA GTTTTACAAG AAATGCTACG

CATTGGGATA TATCAACGGT GGTATATCCA GTGATTTTTT

TCTCCATATG GTTAACCTTA ATTAAGGGGT CGACGGGCCC

GGGATCCGAT GCTCTTCCGC GTAACCCTAT ATAGTTGCCA

CCATATAGGT CACTAAAAAA AGAGGTATAC CAATTGGAAT

TAATTCCCCA GCTGCCCGGG CCCTAGGCTA CGAGAAGGCG

TAAGATCTTT TACTAGTTCA GTCCATCTCG CCGTGTATGC

GGGCCTGACG GATCAACGTT CCCACCGAGC CAGTCGAGAT

GTTCATCTGG TCGGCGATCT ATTCTAGAAA ATGATCAAGT

CAGGTAGAGC GGCACATACG CCCGGACTGC CTAGTTGCAA

GGGTGGCTCG GTCAGCTCTA CAAGTAGACC AGCCGCTAGA

GCCGGTACTT CAAACCTTGT TTGCGCAGTT CCACAGCCTT

CTTGCGGCGT TCCTGCGCAC GAGCGATGTA GTCGCCTCGG

TCTTCGGCGA CGAGCCGTTT CGGCCATGAA GTTTGGAACA

AACGCGTCAA GGTGTCGGAA GAACGCCGCA AGGACGCGTG

CTCGCTACAT CAGCGGAGCC AGAAGCCGCT GCTCGGCAAA

GATGGTGCTT TTCGAGACGC CGAACTTGTC AGCCAACTCC

TGCGCGGTCT GCGTGCGACG CATCACGCGT TCTGCAGCAC

CCATCAGTCC GTCCCCTCTG CTACCACGAA AAGCTCTGCG

GCTTGAACAG TCGGTTGAGG ACGCGCCAGA CGCACGCTGC

GTAGTGCGCA AGACGTCGTG GGTAGTCAGG CAGGGGAGAC

CTGCTGCGAA CAGTGCCGAT CGATCGACCT TCTTGAGCTT

CGGCCGCGGC GCGGTGGCGT TCTTCCGTAC CGCTTCCGTT

TTTGCGCTGC TGCTCACTTT GACGACGCTT GTCACGGCTA

GCTAGCTGGA AGAACTCGAA GCCGGCGCCG CGCCACCGCA

AGAAGGCATG GCGAAGGCAA AAACGCGACG ACGAGTGAAA

GCCGCGGCGT GCCTGGATTT TCGAGAACTC GGCGGCGGTG

AAGGTGCGGT GGGTCCAGTG GGCGACTGAT TTGCCGATCT

GCTCGGCCTC GGCCCGACTC CGGCGCCGCA CGGACCTAAA

AGCTCTTGAG CCGCCGCCAC TTCCACGCCA CCCAGGTCAC

CCGCTGACTA AACGGCTAGA CGAGCCGGAG CCGGGCTGAG

ATGGGGCCGA TCCCGTCGTT GGCGTCGAGG GTGAAGTTGG

TCAGGGCGGT GAAGTCGGTG ACCATCTGCC GCCACACAGT

GATCGACGGG TAGTTCTGTT TACCCCGGCT AGGGCAGCAA

CCGCAGCTCC CACTTCAACC AGTCCCGCCA CTTCAGCCAC

TGGTAGACGG CGGTGTGTCA CTAGCTGCCC ATCAAGACAA

TCCGGATCTC GCGGTAGGCC CATTCCCGGG TGCGGTCGAA

CAGTTCGACG TTCCGGCCCG TTTCGGTCCT GACCTGTGTC

TTGCGGCCGT AGTCCGGTGG AGGCCTAGAG CGCCATCCGG

GTAAGGGCCC ACGCCAGCTT GTCAAGCTGC AAGGCCGGGC

AAAGCCAGGA CTGGACACAG AACGCCGGCA TCAGGCCACC

GGCGGGGAAA CGGTCACCGA GCGCTTTTGC GAGGCCTTTG

AGCGAGTACG GATCCGAGGG ACCCCAGACC GTCGTCCAGT

GCGGGTGGAT CGGGTTCTGG CCGCCCCTTT GCCAGTGGCT

CGCGAAAACG CTCCGGAAAC TCGCTCATGC CTAGGCTCCC

TGGGGTCTGG CAGCAGGTCA CGCCCACCTA GCCCAAGACC

GTGAGCTGCT GCGCGTAGCC CTGATCGGCG CCGACCACCG

AGGCGATCAG CCCCTGGTTC ACCCGGTCGT AGAGCCGCAG

CGGGCCCTGT CGGGCTGCCT CACTCGACGA CGCGCATCGG

GACTAGCCGC GGCTGGTGGC TCCGCTAGTC GGGGACCAAG

TGGGCCAGCA TCTCGGCGTC GCCCGGGACA GCCCGACGGA

GGAGGGTGTA GACCGGGCTT TCGAGCAGCC ACCACAGGTG

CGCGTGCTCG GTCGCGGGAT TGATCGTCAT CACGGTCGGA

TCGGGCAGAT CCGCGTTACG CCTCCCACAT CTGGCCCGAA

AGCTCGTCGG TGGTGTCCAC GCGCACGAGC CAGCGCCCTA

ACTAGCAGTA GTGCCAGCCT AGCCCGTCTA GGCGCAATGC

TGCGGCCCAC TGCGCCTGGT CGTCGTCCAC GTCGAGCACC

AAGCCCAACC TGATCGACGG GGTGCGGGCC GCAATGTAGC

GGCGGGTGAG CGCCTCCGCG ACGCCGGGTG ACGCGGACCA

GCAGCAGGTG CAGCTCGTGG TTCGGGTTGG ACTAGCTGCC

CCACGCCCGG CGTTACATCG CCGCCCACTC GCGGAGGCGC

CGCGGCTGCG GCCACTGCCC GTCCCGGACG TAGTCATCCG

TCGCGTGCGG GTATTTGAAC CGCCAGCGGT CCAACCAGGC

GTCAACAGCA GCGGTCATGA GCGCCGACGC CGGTGACGGG

CAGGGCCTGC ATCAGTAGGC AGCGCACGCC CATAAACTTG

GCGGTCGCCA GGTTGGTCCG CAGTTGTCGT CGCCAGTACT

CCGCCAAGCT AGGGCCGGAT CTGTACCGAT CGGGGGAGGC

GCGCCGCAAA TTATTTAAGA GTCTCGCTAG CAAACCATGT

CAGGTGTTGC GGTGGGTTCC GGCGGTTCGA TCCCGGCCTA

GACATGGCTA GCCCCCTCCG CGCGGCGTTT AATAAATTCT

CAGAGCGATC GTTTGGTACA GTCCACAACG CCACCCAAGG

GGGTAAACCT CCACCCGAAT TATTTAAGAG TCTCGCTAGC

TAAGCCCTAT CTGATGCTGC GCGGGGGGTC CTTCGCACTG

AATCTCAAAG GTGGCCGGCT CCCATTTGGA GGTGGGCTTA

ATAAATTCTC AGAGCGATCG ATTCGGGATA GACTACGACG

CGCCCCCCAG GAAGCGTGAC TTAGAGTTTC CACCGGCCGA

GAATTTCGTC GCGCGAAAAC CTCCCTGGAC AGTTCTGGAA

TTCAGCAAGA GGTGTGTCTG AACTTCGGTG TTTTTTTGGG

GGGTGACTCC AGCGGGGTGG CTTAAAGCAG CGCGCTTTTG

GAGGGACCTG TCAAGACCTT AAGTCGTTCT CCACACAGAC

TTGAAGCCAC AAAAAAACCC CCCACTGAGG TCGCCCCACC

GCACAACGCG AACAGAGACC TTGTGTGTAC GACGGCGGGA

GGTAAGTCGG GTACGGCTCG GACTGCGGTA GAGCAACCGT

CGAATCGATT TCGAGCAGAG CGTGTTGCGC TTGTCTCTGG

AACACACATG CTGCCGCCCT CCATTCAGCC CATGCCGAGC

CTGACGCCAT CTCGTTGGCA GCTTAGCTAA AGCTCGTCTC

CGAGCAGAGC AAGATATTCC AAAACTCCGG GGTTCCTCGG

CGGCCTCCCC CGTCTGTTTG CTCAACCGAG GGAGACCTGG

CGGTCCCGCG TTTCCGGACG GCTCGTCTCG TTCTATAAGG

TTTTGAGGCC CCAAGGAGCC GCCGGAGGGG GCAGACAAAC

GAGTTGGCTC CCTCTGGACC GCCAGGGCGC AAAGGCCTGC

CGCGGGACCG CCTACCGCTC GAGAGCGGAA GAGCATCTAG

ATGCATTCGC GAGGTACCCA GCTTTTGTTC CCTTTAGTGA

GGGTTAATTG CGCGCTTGGC GCGCCCTGGC GGATGGCGAG

CTCTCGCCTT CTCGTAGATC TACGTAAGCG CTCCATGGGT

CGAAAACAAG GGAAATCACT CCCAATTAAC GCGCGAACCG

GTAATCATGG TCATAGCTGT TTCCTGTGTG AAATTGTTAT

CCGCTCACAA TTCCACACAA CATACGAGCC GGAAGCATAA

AGTGTAAAGC CTGGGGTGCC CATTAGTACC AGTATCGACA

AAGGACACAC TTTAACAATA GGCGAGTGTT AAGGTGTGTT

GTATGCTCGG CCTTCGTATT TCACATTTCG GACCCCACGG

TAATGAGTGA GCTAACTCAC ATTAATTGCG TTGCGCTCAC

TGCCCGCTTT CCAGTCGGGA AACCTGTCGT GCCAGCTGCA

TTAATGAATC GGCCAACGCG ATTACTCACT CGATTGAGTG

TAATTAACGC AACGCGAGTG ACGGGCGAAA GGTCAGCCCT

TTGGACAGCA CGGTCGACGT AATTACTTAG CCGGTTGCGC

CGGGGAGAGG CGGTTTGCGT ATTGGGCGCA TGCATAAAAA

CTGTTGTAAT TCATTAAGCA TTCTGCCGAC ATGGAAGCCA

TCACAAACGG CATGATGAAC GCCCCTCTCC GCCAAACGCA

TAACCCGCGT ACGTATTTTT GACAACATTA AGTAATTCGT

AAGACGGCTG TACCTTCGGT AGTGTTTGCC GTACTACTTG

CTGAATCGCC AGCGGCATCA GCACCTTGTC GCCTTGCGTA

TAATATTTGC CCATGGGGGT GGGCGAAGAA CTCCAGCATG

AGATCCCCGC GCTGGAGGAT GACTTAGCGG TCGCCGTAGT

CGTGGAACAG CGGAACGCAT ATTATAAACG GGTACCCCCA

CCCGCTTCTT GAGGTCGTAC TCTAGGGGCG CGACCTCCTA

CATCCAGCCG GCGTCCCGGA AAACGATTCC GAAGCCCAAC

CTTTCATAGA AGGCGGCGGT GGAATCGAAA TCTCGTGATG

GCAGGTTGGG CGTCGCTTGG GTAGGTCGGC CGCAGGGCCT

TTTGCTAAGG CTTCGGGTTG GAAAGTATCT TCCGCCGCCA

CCTTAGCTTT AGAGCACTAC CGTCCAACCC GCAGCGAACC

TCGGTCATTT CGAACCCCAG AGTCCCGCTC AGAAGAACTC

GTCAAGAAGG CGATAGAAGG CGATGCGCTG CGAATCGGGA

GCGGCGATAC CGTAAAGCAC AGCCAGTAAA GCTTGGGGTC

TCAGGGCGAG TCTTCTTGAG CAGTTCTTCC GCTATCTTCC

GCTACGCGAC GCTTAGCCCT CGCCGCTATG GCATTTCGTG

GAGGAAGCGG TCAGCCCATT CGCCGCCAAG CTCTTCAGCA

ATATCACGGG TAGCCAACGC TATGTCCTGA TAGCGGTCCG

CCACACCCAG CCGGCCACAG CTCCTTCGCC AGTCGGGTAA

GCGGCGGTTC GAGAAGTCGT TATAGTGCCC ATCGGTTGCG

ATACAGGACT ATCGCCAGGC GGTGTGGGTC GGCCGGTGTC

TCGATGAATC CAGAAAAGCG GCCATTTTCC ACCATGATAT

TCGGCAAGCA GGCATCGCCA TGGGTCACGA CGAGATCCTC

GCCGTCGGGC ATGCGCGCCT AGCTACTTAG GTCTTTTCGC

CGGTAAAAGG TGGTACTATA AGCCGTTCGT CCGTAGCGGT

ACCCAGTGCT GCTCTAGGAG CGGCAGCCCG TACGCGCGGA

TGAGCCTGGC GAACAGTTCG GCTGGCGCGA GCCCCTGATG

CTCTTCGTCC AGATCATCCT GATCGACAAG ACCGGCTTCC

ATCCGAGTAC GTGCTCGCTC ACTCGGACCG CTTGTCAAGC

CGACCGCGCT CGGGGACTAC GAGAAGCAGG TCTAGTAGGA

CTAGCTGTTC TGGCCGAAGG TAGGCTCATG CACGAGCGAG

GATGCGATGT TTCGCTTGGT GGTCGAATGG GCAGGTAGCC

GGATCAAGCG TATGCAGCCG CCGCATTGCA TCAGCCATGA

TGGATACTTT CTCGGCAGGA CTACGCTACA AAGCGAACCA

CCAGCTTACC CGTCCATCGG CCTAGTTCGC ATACGTCGGC

GGCGTAACGT AGTCGGTACT ACCTATGAAA GAGCCGTCCT

GCAAGGTGAG ATGACAGGAG ATCCTGCCCC GGCACTTCGC

CCAATAGCAG CCAGTCCCTT CCCGCTTCAG TGACAACGTC

GAGCACAGCT GCGCAAGGAA CGTTCCACTC TACTGTCCTC

TAGGACGGGG CCGTGAAGCG GGTTATCGTC GGTCAGGGAA

GGGCGAAGTC ACTGTTGCAG CTCGTGTCGA CGCGTTCCTT

CGCCCGTCGT GGCCAGCCAC GATAGCCGCG CTGCCTCGTC

CTGCAGTTCA TTCAGGGCAC CGGACAGGTC GGTCTTGACA

AAAAGAACCG GGCGCCCCTG GCGGGCAGCA CCGGTCGGTG

CTATCGGCGC GACGGAGCAG GACGTCAAGT AAGTCCCGTG

GCCTGTCCAG CCAGAACTGT TTTTCTTGGC CCGCGGGGAC

CGCTGACAGC CGGAACACGG CGGCATCAGA GCAGCCGATT

GTCTGTTGTG CCCAGTCATA GCCGAATAGC CTCTCCACCC

AAGCGGCCGG AGAACCTGCG GCGACTGTCG GCCTTGTGCC

GCCGTAGTCT CGTCGGCTAA CAGACAACAC GGGTCAGTAT

CGGCTTATCG GAGAGGTGGG TTCGCCGGCC TCTTGGACGC

TGCAATCCAT CTTGTTCAAT CATGCGAAAC GATCCTCATC

CTGTCTCTTG ATCAGATCTT GATCCCCTGC GCCATCAGAT

CCTTGGCGGC AAGAAAGCCA ACGTTAGGTA GAACAAGTTA

GTACGCTTTG CTAGGAGTAG GACAGAGAAC TAGTCTAGAA

CTAGGGGACG CGGTAGTCTA GGAACCGCCG TTCTTTCGGT

TCCAGTTTAC TTTGCAGGGC TTCCCAACCT TACCAGAGGG

CGCCCCAGCT GGCAATTCCG GTTCGCTTGC TGTCCATAAA

ACCGCCCAGT CTAGCTATCG AGGTCAAATG AAACGTCCCG

AAGGGTTGGA ATGGTCTCCC GCGGGGTCGA CCGTTAAGGC

CAAGCGAACG ACAGGTATTT TGGCGGGTCA GATCGATAGC

CCATGTAAGC CCACTGCAAG CTACCTGCTT TCTCTTTGCG

CTTGCGTTTT CCCTTGTCCA GATAGCCCAG TAGCTGACAT

TCATCCCAGG TGGCACTTTT GGTACATTCG GGTGACGTTC

GATGGACGAA AGAGAAACGC GAACGCAAAA GGGAACAGGT

CTATCGGGTC ATCGACTGTA AGTAGGGTCC ACCGTGAAAA

CGGGGAAATG TGCGCGCCCG CGTTCCTGCT GGCGCTGGGC

CTGTTTCTGG CGCTGGACTT CCCGCTGTTC CGTCAGCAGC

TTTTCGCCCA CGGCCTTGAT GCCCCTTTAC ACGCGCGGGC

GCAAGGACGA CCGCGACCCG GACAAAGACC GCGACCTGAA

GGGCGACAAG GCAGTCGTCG AAAAGCGGGT GCCGGAACTA

GATCGCGGCG GCCTTGGCCT GCATATCCCG ATTCAACGGC

CCCAGGGCGT CCAGAACGGG CTTCAGGCGC TCCCGAAGGT

CTCGGGCCGT CTCTTGGGCT CTAGCGCCGC CGGAACCGGA

CGTATAGGGC TAAGTTGCCG GGGTCCCGCA GGTCTTGCCC

GAAGTCCGCG AGGGCTTCCA GAGCCCGGCA GAGAACCCGA

TGATCGGCCT TCTTGCGCAT CTCACGCGCT CCTGCGGCGG

CCTGTAGGGC AGGCTCATAC CCCTGCCGAA CCGCTTTTGT

CAGCCGGTCG GCCACGGCTT ACTAGCCGGA AGAACGCGTA

GAGTGCGCGA GGACGCCGCC GGACATCCCG TCCGAGTATG

GGGACGGCTT GGCGAAAACA GTCGGCCAGC CGGTGCCGAA

CCGGCGTCTC AACGCGCTTT GAGATTCCCA GCTTTTCGGC

CAATCCCTGC GGTGCATAGG CGCGTGGCTC GACCGCTTGC

GGGCTGATGG TGACGTGGCC GGCCGCAGAG TTGCGCGAAA

CTCTAAGGGT CGAAAAGCCG GTTAGGGACG CCACGTATCC

GCGCACCGAG CTGGCGAACG CCCGACTACC ACTGCACCGG

CACTGGTGGC CGCTCCAGGG CCTCGTAGAA CGCCTGAATG

CGCGTGTGAC GTGCCTTGCT GCCCTCGATG CCCCGTTGCA

GCCCTAGATC GGCCACAGCG GTGACCACCG GCGAGGTCCC

GGAGCATCTT GCGGACTTAC GCGCACACTG CACGGAACGA

CGGGAGCTAC GGGGCAACGT CGGGATCTAG CCGGTGTCGC

GCCGCAAACG TGGTCTGGTC GCGGGTCATC TGCGCTTTGT

TGCCGATGAA CTCCTTGGCC GACAGCCTGC CGTCCTGCGT

CAGCGGCACC ACGAACGCGG CGGCGTTTGC ACCAGACCAG

CGCCCAGTAG ACGCGAAACA ACGGCTACTT GAGGAACCGG

CTGTCGGACG GCAGGACGCA GTCGCCGTGG TGCTTGCGCC

TCATGTGCGG GCTGGTTTCG TCACGGTGGA TGCTGGCCGT

CACGATGCGA TCCGCCCCGT ACTTGTCCGC CAGCCACTTG

TGCGCCTTCT CGAAGAACGC AGTACACGCC CGACCAAAGC

AGTGCCACCT ACGACCGGCA GTGCTACGCT AGGCGGGGCA

TGAACAGGCG GTCGGTGAAC ACGCGGAAGA GCTTCTTGCG

CGCCTGCTGT TCTTGGCTGG CCGACTTCCA CCATTCCGGG

CTGGCCGTCA TGACGTACTC GACCGCCAAC ACAGCGTCCT

TGCGCCGCTT CTCTGGCAGC GCGGACGACA AGAACCGACC

GGCTGAAGGT GGTAAGGCCC GACCGGCAGT ACTGCATGAG

CTGGCGGTTG TGTCGCAGGA ACGCGGCGAA GAGACCGTCG

AACTCGCGCA GTCGGCCCAT CGCTTCATCG GTGCTGCTGG

CCGCCCAGTG CTCGTTCTCT GGCGTCCTGC TGGCGTCAGC

GTTGGGCGTC TCGCGCTCGC TTGAGCGCGT CAGCCGGGTA

GCGAAGTAGC CACGACGACC GGCGGGTCAC GAGCAAGAGA

CCGCAGGACG ACCGCAGTCG CAACCCGCAG AGCGCGAGCG

GGTAGGCGTG CTTGAGACTG GCCGCCACGT TGCCCATTTT

CGCCAGCTTC TTGCATCGCA TGATCGCGTA TGCCGCCATG

CCTGCCCCTC CCTTTTGGTG CCATCCGCAC GAACTCTGAC

CGGCGGTGCA ACGGGTAAAA GCGGTCGAAG AACGTAGCGT

ACTAGCGCAT ACGGCGGTAC GGACGGGGAG GGAAAACCAC

TCCAACCGGC TCGACGGGGG CAGCGCAAGG CGGTGCCTCC

GGCGGGCCAC TCAATGCTTG AGTATACTCA CTAGACTTTG

CTTCGCAAAG TCGTGACCGC AGGTTGGCCG AGCTGCCCCC

GTCGCGTTCC GCCACGGAGG CCGCCCGGTG AGTTACGAAC

TCATATGAGT GATCTGAAAC GAAGCGTTTC AGCACTGGCG

CTACGGCGGC TGCGGCGCCC TACGGGCTTG CTCTCCGGGC

TTCGCCCTGC GCGGTCGCTG CGCTCCCTTG CCAGCCCGTG

GATATGTGGA CGATGGCCGC GATGCCGCCG ACGCCGCGGG

ATGCCCGAAC GAGAGGCCCG AAGCGGGACG CGCCAGCGAC

GCGAGGGAAC GGTCGGGCAC CTATACACCT GCTACCGGCG

GAGCGGCCAC CGGCTGGCTC GCTTCGCTCG GCCCGTGGAC

AACCCTGCTG GACAAGCTGA TGGACAGGCT GCGCCTGCCC

ACGAGCTTGA CCACAGGGAT CTCGCCGGTG GCCGACCGAG

CGAAGCGAGC CGGGCACCTG TTGGGACGAC CTGTTCGACT

ACCTGTCCGA CGCGGACGGG TGCTCGAACT GGTGTCCCTA

TGCCCACCGG CTACCCAGCC TTCGACCACA TACCCACCGG

CTCCAACTGC GCGGCCTGCG GCCTTGCCCC ATCAATTTTT

TTAATTTTCT CTGGGGAAAA ACGGGTGGCC GATGGGTCGG

AAGCTGGTGT ATGGGTGGCC GAGGTTGACG CGCCGGACGC

CGGAACGGGG TAGTTAAAAA AATTAAAAGA GACCCCTTTT

GCCTCCGGCC TGCGGCCTGC GCGCTTCGCT TGCCGGTTGG

ACACCAAGTG GAAGGCGGGT CAAGGCTCGC GCAGCGACCG

CGCAGCGGCT TGGCCTTGAC CGGAGGCCGG ACGCCGGACG

CGCGAAGCGA ACGGCCAACC TGTGGTTCAC CTTCCGCCCA

GTTCCGAGCG CGTCGCTGGC GCGTCGCCGA ACCGGAACTG

GCGCCTGGAA CGACCCAAGC CTATGCGAGT GGGGGCAGTC

GAAGGCGAAG CCCGCCCGCC TGCCCCCCGA GCCTCACGGC

GGCGAGTGCG GGGGTTCCAA CGCGGACCTT GCTGGGTTCG

GATACGCTCA CCCCCGTCAG CTTCCGCTTC GGGCGGGCGG

ACGGGGGGCT CGGAGTGCCG CCGCTCACGC CCCCAAGGTT

GGGGGCAGCG CCACCTTGGG CAAGGCCGAA GGCCGCGCAG

TCGATCAACA AGCCCCGGAG GGGCCACTTT TTGCCGGAG

CCCCCGTCGC GGTGGAACCC GTTCCGGCTT CCGGCGCGTC

AGCTAGTTGT TCGGGGCCTC CCCGGTGAAA AACGGCCTC

SEQ ID: 05

MEALFLSSSS SSIVASNKLT ALHNHCVWST VIADKKAFGP

TWCAVGGGGD GGANSNAEAP IAVSSLLKDA GQVLIAEQSS

PAMDAETLVL SPNGNGATIE INGVKTLMPF SGASMVGMKE

GLGIISFLQG KKFLITGSTG FLAKVLIEKV LRMAPDVSKI

YLLIKAKSKE AATEALKNEV LDAELFNTLK ETHGASYMSF

MLTKLIPVTG NICDSNIGLQ ADSAEEIAKE VDVIINSAAN

TTFNEAYDVA LDINTAGPGN LMGFAKKCKK LKLFLQVSTA

YVNGQAQGAI MEKPFSMGDC IATENFLEGN RKALDVDREM

KLALEAAAKG TQNQDEAQKM KDLGLERARS YGWQDTYVFT

KAMGEMMINS TAGDVPVVII APSVIESTYK DPFPGWMEGN

AMMDPIVLCY GKGQLTGFLV DPKGVLDVVP ADMVVNATLA

AIAKHGMAMS DPEPEINVYQ IASSAINPLV FEDLAELLYN

HYKTSPCMDS KGDPIMVALM KLFNSVDDFS DHLWADAQEA

SGLMSGMSSV DSKMMQKLKF ICKKSVEQAK HLATIYEPYT

FYGGAFDNSN TQALMENMSE DEKREFGFDV GSINWTDYIT

NVHIPGLARH VLKGRA

SEQ ID: 06

MATTNVLATS HAFKLNGVSY FSSFPAKPNH YMPARALSHT

TRAVQTSCFY GETSFEAVTS LVTPKTETSA NSDGIGIVAF

LEGKSYLVTG ATGFLAKVLI EKLLAESLEI GKIFLLMASK

DQESANKALY DEIISSDLFK LLKQMHGSSY EAFMKAKLIP

VIGDIEEDNL GIKSEIANMI SEEIDVIISC GGATTFDDAY

DSALSVNALG PGALLSEGKG CAKLKLFLHF STAYVTGKAE

GTVLETPLCI GENITSDLNI KSELKLASEA VAKFAGREEI

KKLKELGFEA AQHYGWENSY TFTKAIGEAV IHSKAGNLPV

VIIAPSIIES SYNEPFPGWI QGTAMADPII LAYAKGQISD

FWADPQSLMD IIPVDMVANA AIAAMAKHGC GVPEFKVYNL

TSSSHVNPMA AGKLIDLSHQ HLCDFPLEET VIDLEHMKIH

SSLEGFTSAL SNTIIKQEAV IDNEGGGLST KGKAKLNYFV

SLAKTYEPYT FFQAAFDNTN TTSLIQEMSM EEKKTFGFDI

KGIDWEHYIV NVHLPGLKKE FLSKKKTE

SEQ ID: 07

MESNCVQFLG NKTILITGAP GFLAKVLVEK ILALQPNVKK

TYLLLAAPDE KSAMQRLASE VMEIDLFKVL RNNLGEDNLN

ALMAEKIVPV PGDISIDNLG LKDTDLIQAM WSEIDIIINI

AATTNFDERY DIGLGINTFG ALNVLNFAKK CVKGQLLLHV

STAYISGEQP GLLLEKPFKM GETLSGDAEL DINIEHDLMK

QKLKELQDCS DEEISQTMKD FGMARAKLHG WPNTYVFTKA

MGEMLMGKYA ENLPLVIIAP TMITSTIAEP FPGWIEGLKT

LDSVIVAYGK GALKCFLADS NSVFDLIPAD MVVNAMVAAA

TAHSGDTGIQ AIYHVGSSCK NPVTFGQLHD FTARYFAKAP

LIGANGSPII VVKGTILSTM AQFSLYMTLA YKLPLQILAL

INIVYPWSHG DNYSDLSAKI KLAMALVELY QPYLLFKGIF

DDLNTEALAM KAKENIKELD GSFEFDPKSI DWDNYITNTH

IPGLITHVLK Q

SEQ ID: 08

MPELAVATEF DYSSEIYKDA YSAINAIVIE GEQEAYSNYL

QMAELLPEDK EELTALAKME NAHKKGFQAC GNNLQVNPDM

PYAQEFFAGL HGNFQHAFSE GKVVTCLLIQ ALIIEAFAIA

AYNIYIPVAD DFAAKITEGV VKDEYTHLNY GEEWLKANFA

TAKEELEQAN KENLPLVWKM LNQVQGDAKV LGMEKEALVE

DFMISYGEAL SNIGFSTREI MAMSSYGLAG V

SEQ ID: 09

MFGLIGHLTS LEHAQAVAED LGYPEYANQG LDFWCSAPPQ

VVDNFQVKSV TGQVIEGKYV ESCFLPEMLT QRAIKAAIRK

ILNAMALAQK VGLDITALGG FSSIVFEEFN LKQNNQVRNV

ELDFQAFTTG NTHTAYVICA QVESGAKQLG IDLSQATVAV

CGATGDIGSA VCAWLDSKHQ VKELLLIAAN AQALENLQEE

LGAGKIMDLE TALPQADIIV WVASMPKGVE IAGEMLKKPC

LIVDGGYPKN LDTRVKADGV HILKGGIVEH SLDITWEIMK

IVEMDIPSAQ MFACFAEAIL LEFEGWATNF SWGANQISVN

KMEAIGEASV KHGFCPLVAL

SEQ ID: 10

CAGTCAATGG AGAGCATTGC CATAAGTAAA GGCATCCCCT

GCGTGATAAG ATTACCTTCA GAAAACAGAT AGTTGCTGGG

TTATCGCAGA TTTTTCTCGC GTCAGTTACC TCTCGTAACG

GTATTCATTT CCGTAGGGGA CGCACTATTC TAATGGAAGT

CTTTTGTCTA TCAACGACCC AATAGCGTCT AAAAAGAGCG

AACCAAATAA CTGTAAATAA TAACTGTCTC TGGGGCGACG

GTAGGCTTTA TATTGCCAAA TTTCGCCCGT GGGAGAAAGC

TAGGCTATTC AATGTTTATG TTGGTTTATT GACATTTATT

ATTGACAGAG ACCCCGCTGC CATCCGAAAT ATAACGGTTT

AAAGCGGGCA CCCTCTTTCG ATCCGATAAG TTACAAATAC

GAGGACT CCT

SEQ ID: 11

CCTGGCTCAG GACGAACGCT GGCGGCGTGC TTAACACATG

CAAGTCGAGC GGTAAGGCCC TTCGGGGTAC ACGAGCGGCG

AACGGGTGAG TAACACGTGG GGACCGAGTC CTGCTTGCGA

CCGCCGCACG AATTGTGTAC GTTCAGCTCG CCATTCCGGG

AAGCCCCATG TGCTCGCCGC TTGCCCACTC ATTGTGCACC

GTGATCTGCC CTGCACTTCG GGATAAGCCT GGGAAACTGG

GTCTAATACC GGATATGACC TTCGGCTGCA TGGCTGAGGG

TGGAAAGGTT TACTGGTGCA CACTAGACGG GACGTGAAGC

CCTATTCGGA CCCTTTGACC CAGATTATGG CCTATACTGG

AAGCCGACGT ACCGACTCCC ACCTTTCCAA ATGACCACGT

GGATGGGCCC GCGGCCTATC AGCTTGTTGG TGGGGTAATG

GCCTACCAAG GCGACGACGG GTAGCCGACC TGAGAGGGTG

ACCGGCCACA CTGGGACTGA CCTACCCGGG CGCCGGATAG

TCGAACAACC ACCCCATTAC CGGATGGTTC CGCTGCTGCC

CATCGGCTGG ACTCTCCCAC TGGCCGGTGT GACCCTGACT

GACACGGCCC AGACTCCTAC GGGAGGCAGC AGTGGGGAAT

ATTGCACAAT GGGCGAAAGC CTGATGCAGC GACGCCGCGT

GAGGGATGAC GGCCTTCGGG CTGTGCCGGG TCTGAGGATG

CCCTCCGTCG TCACCCCTTA TAACGTGTTA CCCGCTTTCG

GACTACGTCG CTGCGGCGCA CTCCCTACTG CCGGAAGCCC

TTGTAAACCT CTTTCAGCAG GGACGAAGCG AAAGTGACGG

TACCTGCAGA AGAAGCACCG GCCAACTACG TGCCAGCAGC

CGCGGTAATA CGTAGGGTGC AACATTTGGA GAAAGTCGTC

CCTGCTTCGC TTTCACTGCC ATGGACGTCT TCTTCGTGGC

CGGTTGATGC ACGGTCGTCG GCGCCATTAT GCATCCCACG

AAGCGTTGTC CGGAATTACT GGGCGTAAAG AGCTCGTAGG

CGGTTTGTCG CGTCGTCTGT GAAAACTCAN AGCTCAACCT

CGAGCTTGCA GGCGATACGG TTCGCAACAG GCCTTAATGA

CCCGCATTTC TCGAGCATCC GCCAAACAGC GCAGCAGACA

CTTTTGAGTN TCGAGTTGGA GCTCGAACGT CCGCTATGCC

GCAGACTTGA GTACTGCAGG GGAGACTGGA ATTCCTGGTG

TAGCGGTGAA ATGCGCAGAT ATCAGGAGGA ACACCGGTGG

CGAAGGCGGG TCTCTGGGCA CGTCTGAACT CATGACGTCC

CCTCTGACCT TAAGGACCAC ATCGCCACTT TACGCGTCTA

TAGTCCTCCT TGTGGCCACC GCTTCCGCCC AGAGACCCGT

GTAACTGACG CTGAGGAGCG AAAGCGTGGG TAGCAAACAG

GATTAGATAC CCTGGTAGTC CACGCCGTAA ACGGTGGGCG

CTAGGTGTGG GTTTCCTTCC CATTGACTGC GACTCCTCGC

TTTCGCACCC ATCGTTTGTC CTAATCTATG GGACCATCAG

GTGCGGCATT TGCCACCCGC GATCCACACC CAAAGGAAGG

ACGGGATCCG TGCCGTAGTT AACGCATTAA GCGCCCCGCC

TGGGGAGTAC GGCCGCAAGG TTAAAACTCA AAGGAATTGA

CGGGGGCCCG CACAAGCGGC TGCCCTAGGC ACGGCATCAA

TTGCGTAATT CGCGGGGCGG ACCCCTCATG CCGGCGTTCC

AATTTTGAGT TTCCTTAACT GCCCCCGGGC GTGTTCGCCG

GGAGCATGTG GATTAATTCG ATGCAACGCG AAGAACCTTA

CCTGGGTTTG ACATATACCG GAAAGCCGTA GAGATACCGC

CCCCCTTGTG GTCGGTATAC CCTCGTACAC CTAATTAAGC

TACGTTGCGC TTCTTGGAAT GGACCCAAAC TGTATATGGC

CTTTCGGCAT CTCTATGGCG GGGGGAACAC CAGCCATATG

AGGTGGTGCA TGGCTGTCGT CAGCTCGTGT CGTGAGATGT

TGGGTTAAGT CCCGCAACGA GCGCAACCCT TGTCTTATGT

TGCCAGCACG TAATGGTGGG TCCACCACGT ACCGACAGCA

GTCGAGCACA GCACTCTACA ACCCAATTCA GGGCGTTGCT

CGCGTTGGGA ACAGAATACA ACGGTCGTGC ATTACCACCC

GACTCGTAAG AGACTGCCGG GGTCAACTCG GAGGAAGGTG

GGGACGACGT CAAGTCATCA TGCCCCTTAT GTCCAGGGCT

TCACACATGC TACAATGGCC CTGAGCATTC TCTGACGGCC

CCAGTTGAGC CTCCTTCCAC CCCTGCTGCA GTTCAGTAGT

ACGGGGAATA CAGGTCCCGA AGTGTGTACG ATGTTACCGG

GGTACAGAGG GCTGCGATAC CGTGAGGTGG AGCGAATCCC

TTAAAGCCGG TCTCAGTTCG GATCGGGGTC TGCAACTCGA

CCCCGTGAAG TCGGAGTCGC CCATGTCTCC CGACGCTATG

GCACTCCACC TCGCTTAGGG AATTTCGGCC AGAGTCAAGC

CTAGCCCCAG ACGTTGAGCT GGGGCACTTC AGCCTCAGCG

TAGTAATCGC AGATCAGCAA CGCTGCGGTG AATACGTTCC

CGGGCCTTGT ACACACCGCC CGTCACGTCA TGAAAGTCGG

TAACACCCGA AGCCGGTGGC ATCATTAGCG TCTAGTCGTT

GCGACGCCAC TTATGCAAGG GCCCGGAACA TGTGTGGCGG

GCAGTGCAGT ACTTTCAGCC ATTGTGGGCT TCGGCCACCG

CTAACCCCTT GTGGGAGGGA GCCGTCGAAG GTGGGATCGG

CGATTGGGAC GAAGTCGTAA CAAGGTAGCC GTACCGGAAG

GGATTGGGGA ACACCCTCCC TCGGCAGCTT CCACCCTAGC

CGCTAACCCT GCTTCAGCAT TGTTCCATCG GCATGGCCTT

CC

SEQ ID: 12

TCAACGGAGA GTTTGATCCT GGCTCAGGAC GAACGCTGGC

GGCGTGCTTA ACACATGCAA GTCGAGCGGT AAGGCCCTTC

GGGGTACACG AGCGGCGAAC AGTTGCCTCT CAAACTAGGA

CCGAGTCCTG CTTGCGACCG CCGCACGAAT TGTGTACGTT

CAGCTCGCCA TTCCGGGAAG CCCCATGTGC TCGCCGCTTG

GGGTGAGTAA CACGTGGGTG ATCTGCCCTG CACTTCGGGA

TAAGCCTGGG AAACTGGGTC TAATACCGGA TATGACCTTC

GGCTGCATGG CCGTTGGTGG CCCACTCATT GTGCACCCAC

TAGACGGGAC GTGAAGCCCT ATTCGGACCC TTTGACCCAG

ATTATGGCCT ATACTGGAAG CCGACGTACC GGCAACCACC

AAAGGTTTAC TGGTGCAGGA TGGGCCCGCG GCCTATCAGC

TTGTTGGTGG GGTAATGGCC TACCAAGGCG ACGACGGGTA

GCCGACCTGA GAGGGTGACC TTTCCAAATG ACCACGTCCT

ACCCGGGCGC CGGATAGTCG AACAACCACC CCATTACCGG

ATGGTTCCGC TGCTGCCCAT CGGCTGGACT CTCCCACTGG

GGCCACACTG GGACTGAGAC ACGGCCCAGA CTCCTACGGG

AGGCAGCAGT GGGGAATATT GCACAATGGG CGAAAGCCTG

ATGCAGCGAC GCCGCGTGAG CCGGTGTGAC CCTGACTCTG

TGCCGGGTCT GAGGATGCCC TCCGTCGTCA CCCCTTATAA

CGTGTTACCC GCTTTCGGAC TACGTCGCTG CGGCGCACTC

GGATGACGGC CTTCGGGTTG TAAACCTCTT TCAGCAGGGA

CGAAGCGAAA GTGACGGTAC CTGCAGAAGA AGCACCGGCC

AACTACGTGC CAGCAGCCGC CCTACTGCCG GAAGCCCAAC

ATTTGGAGAA AGTCGTCCCT GCTTCGCTTT CACTGCCATG

GACGTCTTCT TCGTGGCCGG TTGATGCACG GTCGTCGGCG

GGTAATACGT AGGGTGCAAG CGTTGTCCGG AATTACTGGG

CGTAAAGAGC TCGTAGGCGG TTTGTCGCGT CGTCTGTGAA

AACTCGAGGC TCAACCTCGA CCATTATGCA TCCCACGTTC

GCAACAGGCC TTAATGACCC GCATTTCTCG AGCATCCGCC

AAACAGCGCA GCAGACACTT TTGAGCTCCG AGTTGGAGCT

GCTTGCAGGC GATACGGGCA GACTTGAGTA CTGCAGGGGA

GACTGGAATT CCTGGTGTAG CGGTGAAATG CGCAGATATC

AGGAGGAACA CCGGTGGCGA CGAACGTCCG CTATGCCCGT

CTGAACTCAT GACGTCCCCT CTGACCTTAA GGACCACATC

GCCACTTTAC GCGTCTATAG TCCTCCTTGT GGCCACCGCT

AGGCGGGTCT CTGGGCAGTA ACTGACGCTG AGGAGCGAAA

GCGTGGGTAG CGAACAGGAT TAGATACCCT GGTAGTCCAC

GCCGTAAACG GTGGGCGCTA TCCGCCCAGA GACCCGTCAT

TGACTGCGAC TCCTCGCTTT CGCACCCATC GCTTGTCCTA

ATCTATGGGA CCATCAGGTG CGGCATTTGC CACCCGCGAT

GGTGTGGGTT TCCTTCCACG GGATCCGTGC CGTAGCTAAC

GCATTAAGCG CCCCGCCTGG GGAGTACGGC CGCAAGGCTA

AAACTCAAAG GAATTGACGG CCACACCCAA AGGAAGGTGC

CCTAGGCACG GCATCGATTG CGTAATTCGC GGGGCGGACC

CCTCATGCCG GCGTTCCGAT TTTGAGTTTC CTTAACTGCC

GGGCCCGCAC AAGCGGCGGA GCATGTGGAT TAATTCGATG

CAACGCGAAG AACCTTACCT GGGTTTGACA TATACCGGAA

AGCTGCAGAG ATGTGGCCCC CCCGGGCGTG TTCGCCGCCT

CGTACACCTA ATTAAGCTAC GTTGCGCTTC TTGGAATGGA

CCCAAACTGT ATATGGCCTT TCGACGTCTC TACACCGGGG

CCTTGTGGTC GGTATACAGG TGGTGCATGG CTGTCGTCAG

CTCGTGTCGT GAGATGTTGG GTTAAGTCCC GCAACGAGCG

CAACCCTTGT CTTATGTTGC GGAACACCAG CCATATGTCC

ACCACGTACC GACAGCAGTC GAGCACAGCA CTCTACAACC

CAATTCAGGG CGTTGCTCGC GTTGGGAACA GAATACAACG

CAGCACGTAA TGGTGGGGAC TCGTAAGAGA CTGCCGGGGT

CAACTCGGAG GAAGGTGGGG ACGACGTCAA GTCATCATGC

CCCTTATGTC CAGGGCTTCA GTCGTGCATT ACCACCCCTG

AGCATTCTCT GACGGCCCCA GTTGAGCCTC CTTCCACCCC

TGCTGCAGTT CAGTAGTACG GGGAATACAG GTCCCGAAGT

CACATGCTAC AATGGCCGGT ACAGAGGGCT GCGATACCGT

GAGGTGGAGC GAATCCCTTA AAGCCGGTCT CAGTTCGGAT

CGGGGTCTGC AACTCGACCC GTGTACGATG TTACCGGCCA

TGTCTCCCGA CGCTATGGCA CTCCACCTCG CTTAGGGAAT

TTCGGCCAGA GTCAAGCCTA GCCCCAGACG TTGAGCTGGG

CGTGAAGTCG GAGTCGCTAG TAATCGCAGA TCAGCAACGC

TGCGGTGAAT ACGTTCCCGG GCCTTGTACA CACCGCCCGT

CACGTCATGA AAGTCGGTAA GCACTTCAGC CTCAGCGATC

ATTAGCGTCT AGTCGTTGCG ACGCCACTTA TGCAAGGGCC

CGGAACATGT GTGGCGGGCA GTGCAGTACT TTCAGCCATT

CACCCGAAGC CGGTGGCCTA ACCCCTCGTG GGAGGGAGCC

GTCGAAGGTG GGATCGGCGA TTGGGACGAA GTCGTAACAA

GGTAGCCGTA CCGGAAGGTG GTGGGCTTCG GCCACCGGAT

TGGGGAGCAC CCTCCCTCGG CAGCTTCCAC CCTAGCCGCT

AACCCTGCTT CAGCATTGTT CCATCGGCAT GGCCTTCCAC

CGGCTGGATC ACCTCCTTTC TGCCGACCTA GTGGAGGAAA

GA

SEQ ID: 13

ACGTGGCGGC ATGCCTTACA CATGCAAGTC GAACGGCAGC

GCGGACTTCG GTCTGGCGGC GAGTGGCGAA CGGGTGAGTA

ATACATCGGA ACGTACCCTG TGCACCGCCG TACGGAATGT

GTACGTTCAG CTTGCCGTCG CGCCTGAAGC CAGACCGCCG

CTCACCGCTT GCCCACTCAT TATGTAGCCT TGCATGGGAC

TTGTGGGGGA TAACTAGTCG AAAGATTAGC TAATACCGCA

TACGACCTGA GGGTGAAAGT GGGGGACCGC AAGGCCTCAC

GCAGCAGGAG CGGCCGATGT AACACCCCCT ATTGATCAGC

TTTCTAATCG ATTATGGCGT ATGCTGGACT CCCACTTTCA

CCCCCTGGCG TTCCGGAGTG CGTCGTCCTC GCCGGCTACA

CTGATTAGCT AGTTGGTGGG GTAAAGGCCC ACCAAGGCGA

CGATCAGTAG CTGGTCTGAG AGGACGATCA GCCACACTGG

GACTGAGACA CGGCCCAGAC GACTAATCGA TCAACCACCC

CATTTCCGGG TGGTTCCGCT GCTAGTCATC GACCAGACTC

TCCTGCTAGT CGGTGTGACC CTGACTCTGT GCCGGGTCTG

TCCTACGGGA GGCAGCAGTG GGGAATTTTG GACAATGGGG

GCAACCCTGA TCCAGCAATG CCGCGTGTGT GAAGAAGGCC

TTCGGGTTGT AAAGCACTTT AGGATGCCCT CCGTCGTCAC

CCCTTAAAAC CTGTTACCCC CGTTGGGACT AGGTCGTTAC

GGCGCACACA CTTCTTCCGG AAGCCCAACA TTTCGTGAAA

TGTCCGGAAA GAAATCGCGC TGGTTAATAC CTGCGTGATG

ACGGTACCGG AAGAATAAGC ACCGGCTAAC TACGTGCCAG

CAGCCGCGGT AATACGTAGG ACAGGCCTTT CTTTAGCGCG

ACCAATTATG GACGCACTAC TGCCATGGCC TTCTTATTCG

TGGCCGATTG ATGCACGGTC GTCGGCGCCA TTATGCATCC

GTGCGAGCGT TAATCGGAAT TACTGGGCGT AAAGCGTGCG

CAGGCGGTTT TGTAAGACAG GCGTGAAATC CCCGGGCTTA

ACCTGGGAAT TGCGCTTGTG CACGCTCGCA ATTAGCCTTA

ATGACCCGCA TTTCGCACGC GTCCGCCAAA ACATTCTGTC

CGCACTTTAG GGGCCCGAAT TGGACCCTTA ACGCGAACAC

ACTGCAAGGC TAGAGTGCGT CAGAGGGGGG TAGAATTCCA

CGTGTAGCAG TGAAATGCGT AGAGATGTGG AGGAATACCG

ATGGCGAAGG CGAGCCCCCT TGACGTTCCG ATCTCACGCA

GTCTCCCCCC ATCTTAAGGT GCACATCGTC ACTTTACGCA

TCTCTACACC TCCTTATGGC TACCGCTTCC GCTCGGGGGA

GGACCTTGAC TGACGCTCAT GCACGAAAGC GTGGGGAGCA

AACAGGATTA GATACCCTGG TAGTCCACGC CCTAAACGAT

GTCAACTAGT TGTTGGGATT CCTGGAACTG ACTGCGAGTA

CGTGCTTTCG CACCCCTCGT TTGTCCTAAT CTATGGGACC

ATCAGGTGCG GGATTTGCTA CAGTTGATCA ACAACCCTAA

CATTTTCTCA GTAACGTAGC TAACGCGTGA AGTTGACCGC

CTGGGGAGTA CGGCTGCAAG ATTAAAACTC AAAGGAATTG

ACGGGGACCC GCACAAGCGG GTAAAAGAGT CATTGCATCG

ATTGCGCACT TCAACTGGCG GACCCCTCAT GCCGACGTTC

TAATTTTGAG TTTCCTTAAC TGCCCCTGGG CGTGTTCGCC

TGGATGATGT GGATTAATTC GATGCAACGC GAAAAACCTT

ACCTACCCTT GACATGCCCT AACGAAGCAG AGATGCATTA

GTGCCCGCAA AGGGAAAGTG ACCTACTACA CCTAATTAAG

CTACGTTGCG CTTTTTGGAA TGGATGGGAA CTGTACGGGA

TTGCTTCGTC TCTACGTAAT CACGGGCGTT TCCCTTTCAC

GGACACAGGT GCTGCATGGC TGTCGTCAGC TCGTGTCGTG

AGATGTTGGG TTAAGTCCCG CAACGAGCGC AACCCTTGTC

TCTAGTTGCC TACGCAAGAG CCTGTGTCCA CGACGTACCG

ACAGCAGTCG AGCACAGCAC TCTACAACCC AATTCAGGGC

GTTGCTCGCG TTGGGAACAG AGATCAACGG ATGCGTTCTC

CACTCTAGAG AGACTGCCGG TGACAAACCG GAGGAAGGTG

GGGATGACGT CAAGTCCTCA TGGCCCTTAT GGGTAGGGCT

TCACACGTCA TACAATGGTG GTGAGATCTC TCTGACGGCC

ACTGTTTGGC CTCCTTCCAC CCCTACTGCA GTTCAGGAGT

ACCGGGAATA CCCATCCCGA AGTGTGCAGT ATGTTACCAC

CGTACAGAGG GTTGCCAACC CGCGAGGGGG AGCTAATCCC

AGAAAACGCA TCGTAGTCCG GATCGTAGTC TGCAACTCGA

CTACGTGAAG CTGGAATCGC GCATGTCTCC CAACGGTTGG

GCGCTCCCCC TCGATTAGGG TCTTTTGCGT AGCATCAGGC

CTAGCATCAG ACGTTGAGCT GATGCACTTC GACCTTAGCG

TAGTAATCGC GGATCAGCAT GCCGCGGTGA ATACGTTCCC

GGGTCTTGTA CACACCGCCC GTCACACCAT GGGAGTGGGT

TTTGCCAGAA GTAGTTAGCC ATCATTAGCG CCTAGTCGTA

CGGCGCCACT TATGCAAGGG CCCAGAACAT GTGTGGCGGG

CAGTGTGGTA CCCTCACCCA AAACGGTCTT CATCAATCGG

TAACCGCAAG GAGGGCGATT ACCACGGCAG GGTTCATGAC

TGGGGTGAAG TCGTAACAAG GTATTGGCGT TCCTCCCGCT

AATGGTGCCG TCCCAAGTAC TGACCCCACT TCAGCATTGT

TCCA

SEQ ID 14

MASIEDILEL EALEKDIFRG AVHPSVLKRT FGGQVAGQSL

VSAVRTVDER FEVHSLHGYF LRPGNPTEPT VYLVDRIRDG

RSECTRAVTG IQDGKAIFTM SASFHSQDEG IEHQDTMPSV

PEPEELVDAQ TVEEMAATDL YREWKEWDVR IVPAGCTGKT

PGIAAKQRVW MRYRNKLPDD QVFHICTLAY LSDMTLLGAS

KVPHPGVVTQ TASLDHAMWF LRPFRADEWL LYDQTSPSAG

FGRALTQGRM FDRKGTMVAA VVQEGLTRIQ RDQDQRDIET

GNMA

In some embodiments, the cell comprises a plasmid that contains one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences encoding enzymes or proteins that include but are not limited to one or more of the following: an acyl carrier protein, a TE, a FAR, a FadR, a FAD, a fatty aldehyde reductase, a cytochrome P450 enzyme, a NADH or NADPH cytochrome P450 reductase, a desaturase, a hydroxylase, and an antibiotic resistance enabling protein; wherein the plasmid is at least 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, or 99% homologous to SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO:2, SEQ ID NO:3, or SEQ ID NO:4. In some embodiments, the exogenous nucleic acid sequence is incorporated into the genome of the cell. In some embodiments, the cell or composition comprising a cell comprises at least one exogenous nucleic acid that encodes a FAR or a functional fragment of a FAR derived from one of the following organisms: Arabidopsis thaliana, Arabidopsis lyrata, Vitis vinifera, Populus trichocarpa, Artermisia annua, Ricinus communis, Simmondsia chineis, Oryza sativa japonica, Hevea brasiliensis, Hordeum vulgare, Triticum aestivum, Sorghum bicolor, Zea mays, and Selaginella moelllendorf.
In one embodiment, the exogenous gene encodes a FAR. In some cases, the FAR encoded by the exogenous gene catalyzes the reduction of a 20 to 30-carbon fatty acyl-CoA to a corresponding primary alcohol. In some cases, the FAR encoded by the exogenous gene catalyzes the reduction of an 8 to 18-carbon fatty acyl-CoA to a corresponding primary alcohol. In some cases, the FAR encoded by the exogenous gene catalyzes the reduction of a 10 to 14-carbon fatty acyl-CoA to a corresponding primary alcohol. In one embodiment, the FAR encoded by the exogenous gene catalyzes the reduction of a 12-carbon fatty acyl-CoA to dodecanol.
In one embodiment, the exogenous gene encodes a FadR. In some cases, the reductase encoded by the exogenous gene catalyzes the reduction of an 8 to 18-carbon fatty acyl-CoA to a corresponding aldehyde. In one embodiment, the reductase encoded by the exogenous gene catalyzes the reduction of a 12-carbon fatty acyl-CoA to dodecanal.
In some embodiments, the invention relates to a bacterial cell or a compositions comprising at least one bacterial cell that comprises at least a first and a second exogenous nucleic acid sequence, wherein the first nucleic acid sequence encodes a FadR or a functional fragment of a FadR and the second exogenous nucleic acid sequence encodes a fatty acyl-CoA ligase or a functional fragment thereof. In some embodiments, the functional fragments of the enzymes encoded by the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences are at least 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, or 99% homologous to the nucleic acid sequences that encode the full-length amino acid sequence upon which the functional fragment is based. Any enzyme disclosed in this application and part of the invention may be replaced with a functional fragment or variant. Any composition or cell disclosed in the application may be used in any disclosed method of this application.
In some embodiments, the genetic constructs contain sequences directing transcription and translation of the relevant exogenous (either heterologous or homologous) gene, a selectable marker, and/or sequences allowing autonomous replication or chromosomal integration. In some embodiments, suitable vectors comprise a region 5′ of the gene or DNA fragment which harbors transcriptional initiation controls and a region 3′ of the gene or DNA fragment which controls transcriptional termination. It is most preferred when both control regions are derived from genes homologous to the transformed host cell, although it is to be understood that such control regions need not be derived from the genes native to the specific species chosen as a production host. In some cells the exogenous gene is coding sequence and is in operable linkage with a promoter, and in some embodiments the promoter is derived from a gene endogenous to a species of the genus Rhodococcus or Ralstonia. Initiation control regions or promoters, which are useful to drive expression of the instant ORFs in the desired host cell are numerous and familiar to those skilled in the art. Virtually any promoter capable of driving these genes is suitable for the present invention including but not limited to CYC1, HIS3, GAL1, GAL10, ADH1, PGK, PHO5, GAPDH, ADC1, TRP1, URA3, LEU2, ENO; and lac, ara, tet, trp, IP_L, IP_R, T7, tac, and trc as well as the amy, apr, npr promoters and various phage promoters useful for expression in the lipid-producing bacteria of the present invention. In other embodiments the promoter is upregulated in response to reduction or elimination of a cofactor in the culture media of the cell, such as at least a 3-fold upregulation as determined by transcript abundance in a cell when the cell is exposed to extracellular environment changes from containing at least 10 mM or 5 mM cofactor to containing no cofactor.
Termination control regions may also be derived from various genes native to the preferred hosts. Optionally, the genetic constructs of the present invention do not comprise a termination control region.
In some embodiments, the bacterial cell or the composition comprising the bacterial cell comprises at least one genetic construct, which comprises one or more coding sequences. In some embodiments, the invention relates to the bacterial cell or the composition comprising at least one bacterial cell wherein the at least one cell comprises two or more genetic constructs, three or more genetic constructs, or four or more genetic constructs, each comprising one or more coding sequences. In some embodiments, the coding sequences of the claimed invention encode at least one protein that modifies or accelerates lipid production in the host cell. In some embodiments the coding sequence encodes at least one protein that alters the levels of individual lipids or hydrocarbons produced by the cell as compared to the same cell not modified by an exogenous nucleic acid sequence. In some embodiments, the coding sequence may encode at least one protein that alters the amount of one specific lipid or hydrocarbon molecule of the cell as compared to the same cell not modified by the nucleic acid. For example, in one embodiment, the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequence encodes at least one lipid pathway enzyme that causes an increase in the ratio of C14:C16:C18 lipids or hydrocarbons produced or secreted by the cell as compared to the C14:C16:C18 lipids or hydrocarbons produced or secreted by the same cell not transformed with the nucleic acid sequence that encodes the lipid pathway enzyme. In one embodiment, the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequence encodes at least one lipid pathway enzyme that causes a decrease in the ratio of C14:C16:C18 lipids or hydrocarbons produced or secreted by the cell as compared to the C14:C16:C18 lipids or hydrocarbons produced or secreted by the same cell not transformed with the nucleic acid sequence that encodes the lipid pathway enzyme. In some embodiments, the one or more cells comprising one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences produces at least 5% more C8 hydrocarbon as compared to the same one or more cells not transformed or modified with the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences. In some embodiments, the one or more cells comprising one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences produces at least 5% more C8 hydrocarbon as compared to the same one or more cells not transformed or modified with the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences.
In some embodiments, the bacterial cell produces and/or secretes one or more unsaturated lipids or hydrocarbons in a ratio greater than the ratio of unsaturated lipids or hydrocarbons produced and/or secreted by the same cell not cells comprising one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences.
In some embodiments, the bacterial cell produces and/or secretes at least 6% more C8 hydrocarbon as compared to the same one or more cells not transformed or modified with the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences.
In some embodiments, the one or more cells comprising one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences produces at least 7% more C8 hydrocarbon as compared to the same one or more cells not transformed or modified with the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences.
In some embodiments, the one or more cells comprising one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences produces at least 8% more C8 hydrocarbon as compared to the same one or more cells not transformed or modified with the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences.
In some embodiments, the one or more cells comprising one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences produces at least 9% more C8 hydrocarbon as compared to the same one or more cells not transformed or modified with the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences.
In some embodiments, the one or more cells comprising one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences produces at least 10% more C8 hydrocarbon as compared to the same one or more cells not transformed or modified with the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences.
In some embodiments, the one or more cells comprising one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences produces at least 15% more C8 hydrocarbon as compared to the same one or more cells not transformed or modified with the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences.
In some embodiments, the one or more cells comprising one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences produces at least 20% more C8 hydrocarbon as compared to the same one or more cells not transformed or modified with the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences.
In some embodiments, the one or more cells comprising one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences produces at least 25% more C8 hydrocarbon as compared to the same one or more cells not transformed or modified with the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences.
In some embodiments, the one or more cells comprising one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences produces at least 30% more C8 hydrocarbon as compared to the same one or more cells not transformed or modified with the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences.
In some embodiments, the one or more cells comprising one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences produces at least 35% more C8 hydrocarbon as compared to the same one or more cells not transformed or modified with the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences.
In some embodiments, the one or more cells comprising one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences produces at least 40% more C8 hydrocarbon as compared to the same one or more cells not transformed or modified with the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences.
In some embodiments, the one or more cells comprising one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences produces at least 45% more C8 hydrocarbon as compared to the same one or more cells not transformed or modified with the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences.
In some embodiments, the one or more cells comprising one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences produces at least 50% more C8 hydrocarbon as compared to the same one or more cells not transformed or modified with the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences.
In some embodiments, the one or more cells comprising one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences produces at least 5% more C9 hydrocarbon as compared to the same one or more cells not transformed or modified with the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences. In some embodiments, the one or more cells comprising one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences produces at least 6% more C9 hydrocarbon as compared to the same one or more cells not transformed or modified with the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences. In some embodiments, the one or more cells comprising one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences produces at least 7% more C9 hydrocarbon as compared to the same one or more cells not transformed or modified with the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences. In some embodiments, the one or more cells comprising one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences produces at least 8% more C9 hydrocarbon as compared to the same one or more cells not transformed or modified with the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences. In some embodiments, the one or more cells comprising one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences produces at least 9% more C9 hydrocarbon as compared to the same one or more cells not transformed or modified with the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences. In some embodiments, the one or more cells comprising one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences produces at least 10% more C9 hydrocarbon as compared to the same one or more cells not transformed or modified with the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences. In some embodiments, the one or more cells comprising one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences produces at least 15% more C9 hydrocarbon as compared to the same one or more cells not transformed or modified with the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences. In some embodiments, the one or more cells comprising one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences produces at least 20% more C9 hydrocarbon as compared to the same one or more cells not transformed or modified with the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences. In some embodiments, the one or more cells comprising one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences produces at least 25% more C9 hydrocarbon as compared to the same one or more cells not transformed or modified with the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences. In some embodiments, the one or more cells comprising one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences produces at least 30% more C9 hydrocarbon as compared to the same one or more cells not transformed or modified with the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences. In some embodiments, the one or more cells comprising one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences produces at least 35% more C9 hydrocarbon as compared to the same one or more cells not transformed or modified with the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences. In some embodiments, the one or more cells comprising one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences produces at least 40% more C9 hydrocarbon as compared to the same one or more cells not transformed or modified with the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences. In some embodiments, the one or more cells comprising one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences produces at least 45% more C9 hydrocarbon as compared to the same one or more cells not transformed or modified with the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences. In some embodiments, the one or more cells comprising one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences produces at least 50% more C9 hydrocarbon as compared to the same one or more cells not transformed or modified with the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences.
In some embodiments, the one or more cells comprising one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences produces at least 5% more C10 hydrocarbon as compared to the same one or more cells not transformed or modified with the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences.
In some embodiments, the one or more cells comprising one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences produces at least 6% more C10 hydrocarbon as compared to the same one or more cells not transformed or modified with the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences.
In some embodiments, the one or more cells comprising one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences produces at least 7% more C10 hydrocarbon as compared to the same one or more cells not transformed or modified with the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences.
In some embodiments, the one or more cells comprising one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences produces at least 8% more C10 hydrocarbon as compared to the same one or more cells not transformed or modified with the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences.
In some embodiments, the one or more cells comprising one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences produces at least 9% more C10 hydrocarbon as compared to the same one or more cells not transformed or modified with the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences.
In some embodiments, the one or more cells comprising one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences produces at least 10% more C10 hydrocarbon as compared to the same one or more cells not transformed or modified with the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences.
In some embodiments, the one or more cells comprising one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences produces at least 15% more C10 hydrocarbon as compared to the same one or more cells not transformed or modified with the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences.
In some embodiments, the one or more cells comprising one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences produces at least 20% more C10 hydrocarbon as compared to the same one or more cells not transformed or modified with the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences.
In some embodiments, the one or more cells comprising one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences produces at least 25% more C10 hydrocarbon as compared to the same one or more cells not transformed or modified with the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences.
In some embodiments, the one or more cells comprising one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences produces at least 30% more C10 hydrocarbon as compared to the same one or more cells not transformed or modified with the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences.
In some embodiments, the one or more cells comprising one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences produces at least 35% more C10 hydrocarbon as compared to the same one or more cells not transformed or modified with the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences.
In some embodiments, the one or more cells comprising one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences produces at least 40% more C10 hydrocarbon as compared to the same one or more cells not transformed or modified with the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences.
In some embodiments, the one or more cells comprising one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences produces at least 45% more C10 hydrocarbon as compared to the same one or more cells not transformed or modified with the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences.
In some embodiments, the one or more cells comprising one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences produces at least 50% more C10 hydrocarbon as compared to the same one or more cells not transformed or modified with the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences.
In some embodiments, the one or more cells comprising one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences produces at least 5% more C11 hydrocarbon as compared to the same one or more cells not transformed or modified with the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences.
In some embodiments, the one or more cells comprising one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences produces at least 6% more C11 hydrocarbon as compared to the same one or more cells not transformed or modified with the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences.
In some embodiments, the one or more cells comprising one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences produces at least 7% more C11 hydrocarbon as compared to the same one or more cells not transformed or modified with the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences.
In some embodiments, the one or more cells comprising one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences produces at least 8% more C11 hydrocarbon as compared to the same one or more cells not transformed or modified with the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences.
In some embodiments, the one or more cells comprising one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences produces at least 9% more C11 hydrocarbon as compared to the same one or more cells not transformed or modified with the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences.
In some embodiments, the one or more cells comprising one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences produces at least 10% more C11 hydrocarbon as compared to the same one or more cells not transformed or modified with the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences.
In some embodiments, the one or more cells comprising one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences produces at least 15% more C11 hydrocarbon as compared to the same one or more cells not transformed or modified with the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences.
In some embodiments, the one or more cells comprising one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences produces at least 20% more C11 hydrocarbon as compared to the same one or more cells not transformed or modified with the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences.
In some embodiments, the one or more cells comprising one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences produces at least 25% more C11 hydrocarbon as compared to the same one or more cells not transformed or modified with the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences.
In some embodiments, the one or more cells comprising one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences produces at least 30% more C11 hydrocarbon as compared to the same one or more cells not transformed or modified with the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences.
In some embodiments, the one or more cells comprising one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences produces at least 35% more C11 hydrocarbon as compared to the same one or more cells not transformed or modified with the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences.
In some embodiments, the one or more cells comprising one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences produces at least 40% more C11 hydrocarbon as compared to the same one or more cells not transformed or modified with the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences.
In some embodiments, the one or more cells comprising one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences produces at least 45% more C11 hydrocarbon as compared to the same one or more cells not transformed or modified with the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences.
In some embodiments, the one or more cells comprising one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences produces at least 50% more C11 hydrocarbon as compared to the same one or more cells not transformed or modified with the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences.
In some embodiments, the one or more cells comprising one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences produces at least 5% more C12 hydrocarbon as compared to the same one or more cells not transformed or modified with the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences.
In some embodiments, the one or more cells comprising one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences produces at least 6% more C12 hydrocarbon as compared to the same one or more cells not transformed or modified with the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences.
In some embodiments, the one or more cells comprising one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences produces at least 7% more C12 hydrocarbon as compared to the same one or more cells not transformed or modified with the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences.
In some embodiments, the one or more cells comprising one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences produces at least 8% more C12 hydrocarbon as compared to the same one or more cells not transformed or modified with the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences.
In some embodiments, the one or more cells comprising one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences produces at least 9% more C12 hydrocarbon as compared to the same one or more cells not transformed or modified with the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences.
In some embodiments, the one or more cells comprising one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences produces at least 10% more C12 hydrocarbon as compared to the same one or more cells not transformed or modified with the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences.
In some embodiments, the one or more cells comprising one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences produces at least 15% more C12 hydrocarbon as compared to the same one or more cells not transformed or modified with the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences.
In some embodiments, the one or more cells comprising one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences produces at least 20% more C12 hydrocarbon as compared to the same one or more cells not transformed or modified with the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences.
In some embodiments, the one or more cells comprising one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences produces at least 25% more C12 hydrocarbon as compared to the same one or more cells not transformed or modified with the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences.
In some embodiments, the one or more cells comprising one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences produces at least 30% more C12 hydrocarbon as compared to the same one or more cells not transformed or modified with the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences.
In some embodiments, the one or more cells comprising one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences produces at least 35% more C12 hydrocarbon as compared to the same one or more cells not transformed or modified with the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences.
In some embodiments, the one or more cells comprising one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences produces at least 40% more C12 hydrocarbon as compared to the same one or more cells not transformed or modified with the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences.
In some embodiments, the one or more cells comprising one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences produces at least 45% more C12 hydrocarbon as compared to the same one or more cells not transformed or modified with the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences.
In some embodiments, the one or more cells comprising one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences produces at least 50% more C12 hydrocarbon as compared to the same one or more cells not transformed or modified with the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences.
In some embodiments, the one or more cells comprising one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences produces at least 5% more C13 hydrocarbon as compared to the same one or more cells not transformed or modified with the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences.
In some embodiments, the one or more cells comprising one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences produces at least 6% more C13 hydrocarbon as compared to the same one or more cells not transformed or modified with the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences.
In some embodiments, the one or more cells comprising one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences produces at least 7% more C13 hydrocarbon as compared to the same one or more cells not transformed or modified with the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences.
In some embodiments, the one or more cells comprising one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences produces at least 8% more C13 hydrocarbon as compared to the same one or more cells not transformed or modified with the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences.
In some embodiments, the one or more cells comprising one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences produces at least 9% more C13 hydrocarbon as compared to the same one or more cells not transformed or modified with the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences.
In some embodiments, the one or more cells comprising one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences produces at least 10% more C13 hydrocarbon as compared to the same one or more cells not transformed or modified with the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences.
In some embodiments, the one or more cells comprising one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences produces at least 15% more C13 hydrocarbon as compared to the same one or more cells not transformed or modified with the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences.
In some embodiments, the one or more cells comprising one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences produces at least 20% more C13 hydrocarbon as compared to the same one or more cells not transformed or modified with the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences.
In some embodiments, the one or more cells comprising one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences produces at least 25% more C13 hydrocarbon as compared to the same one or more cells not transformed or modified with the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences.
In some embodiments, the one or more cells comprising one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences produces at least 30% more C13 hydrocarbon as compared to the same one or more cells not transformed or modified with the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences.
In some embodiments, the one or more cells comprising one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences produces at least 35% more C13 hydrocarbon as compared to the same one or more cells not transformed or modified with the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences.
In some embodiments, the one or more cells comprising one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences produces at least 40% more C13 hydrocarbon as compared to the same one or more cells not transformed or modified with the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences.
In some embodiments, the one or more cells comprising one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences produces at least 45% more C13 hydrocarbon as compared to the same one or more cells not transformed or modified with the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences.
In some embodiments, the one or more cells comprising one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences produces at least 50% more C13 hydrocarbon as compared to the same one or more cells not transformed or modified with the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences.
In some embodiments, the one or more cells comprising one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences produces at least 5% more C14 hydrocarbon as compared to the same one or more cells not transformed or modified with the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences.
In some embodiments, the one or more cells comprising one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences produces at least 6% more C14 hydrocarbon as compared to the same one or more cells not transformed or modified with the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences.
In some embodiments, the one or more cells comprising one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences produces at least 7% more C14 hydrocarbon as compared to the same one or more cells not transformed or modified with the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences.
In some embodiments, the one or more cells comprising one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences produces at least 8% more C14 hydrocarbon as compared to the same one or more cells not transformed or modified with the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences.
In some embodiments, the one or more cells comprising one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences produces at least 9% more C14 hydrocarbon as compared to the same one or more cells not transformed or modified with the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences.
In some embodiments, the one or more cells comprising one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences produces at least 10% more C14 hydrocarbon as compared to the same one or more cells not transformed or modified with the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences.
In some embodiments, the one or more cells comprising one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences produces at least 15% more C14 hydrocarbon as compared to the same one or more cells not transformed or modified with the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences.
In some embodiments, the one or more cells comprising one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences produces at least 20% more C14 hydrocarbon as compared to the same one or more cells not transformed or modified with the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences.
In some embodiments, the one or more cells comprising one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences produces at least 25% more C14 hydrocarbon as compared to the same one or more cells not transformed or modified with the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences.
In some embodiments, the one or more cells comprising one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences produces at least 30% more C14 hydrocarbon as compared to the same one or more cells not transformed or modified with the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences.
In some embodiments, the one or more cells comprising one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences produces at least 35% more C14 hydrocarbon as compared to the same one or more cells not transformed or modified with the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences.
In some embodiments, the one or more cells comprising one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences produces at least 40% more C14 hydrocarbon as compared to the same one or more cells not transformed or modified with the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences.
In some embodiments, the one or more cells comprising one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences produces at least 45% more C14 hydrocarbon as compared to the same one or more cells not transformed or modified with the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences.
In some embodiments, the one or more cells comprising one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences produces at least 50% more C14 hydrocarbon as compared to the same one or more cells not transformed or modified with the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences.
In some embodiments, the one or more cells comprising one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences produces at least 5% more C15 hydrocarbon as compared to the same one or more cells not transformed or modified with the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences.
In some embodiments, the one or more cells comprising one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences produces at least 6% more C15 hydrocarbon as compared to the same one or more cells not transformed or modified with the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences.
In some embodiments, the one or more cells comprising one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences produces at least 7% more C15 hydrocarbon as compared to the same one or more cells not transformed or modified with the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences.
In some embodiments, the one or more cells comprising one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences produces at least 8% more C15 hydrocarbon as compared to the same one or more cells not transformed or modified with the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences.
In some embodiments, the one or more cells comprising one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences produces at least 9% more C15 hydrocarbon as compared to the same one or more cells not transformed or modified with the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences.
In some embodiments, the one or more cells comprising one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences produces at least 10% more C15 hydrocarbon as compared to the same one or more cells not transformed or modified with the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences.
In some embodiments, the one or more cells comprising one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences produces at least 15% more C15 hydrocarbon as compared to the same one or more cells not transformed or modified with the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences.
In some embodiments, the one or more cells comprising one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences produces at least 20% more C15 hydrocarbon as compared to the same one or more cells not transformed or modified with the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences.
In some embodiments, the one or more cells comprising one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences produces at least 25% more C15 hydrocarbon as compared to the same one or more cells not transformed or modified with the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences.
In some embodiments, the one or more cells comprising one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences produces at least 30% more C15 hydrocarbon as compared to the same one or more cells not transformed or modified with the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences.
In some embodiments, the one or more cells comprising one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences produces at least 35% more C15 hydrocarbon as compared to the same one or more cells not transformed or modified with the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences.
In some embodiments, the one or more cells comprising one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences produces at least 40% more C15 hydrocarbon as compared to the same one or more cells not transformed or modified with the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences.
In some embodiments, the one or more cells comprising one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences produces at least 45% more C15 hydrocarbon as compared to the same one or more cells not transformed or modified with the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences.
In some embodiments, the one or more cells comprising one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences produces at least 50% more C15 hydrocarbon as compared to the same one or more cells not transformed or modified with the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences.
In some embodiments, the one or more cells comprising one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences produces at least 5% more C16 hydrocarbon as compared to the same one or more cells not transformed or modified with the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences.
In some embodiments, the one or more cells comprising one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences produces at least 6% more C16 hydrocarbon as compared to the same one or more cells not transformed or modified with the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences.
In some embodiments, the one or more cells comprising one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences produces at least 7% more C16 hydrocarbon as compared to the same one or more cells not transformed or modified with the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences.
In some embodiments, the one or more cells comprising one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences produces at least 8% more C16 hydrocarbon as compared to the same one or more cells not transformed or modified with the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences.
In some embodiments, the one or more cells comprising one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences produces at least 9% more C16 hydrocarbon as compared to the same one or more cells not transformed or modified with the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences.
In some embodiments, the one or more cells comprising one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences produces at least 10% more C16 hydrocarbon as compared to the same one or more cells not transformed or modified with the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences.
In some embodiments, the one or more cells comprising one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences produces at least 15% more C16 hydrocarbon as compared to the same one or more cells not transformed or modified with the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences.
In some embodiments, the one or more cells comprising one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences produces at least 20% more C16 hydrocarbon as compared to the same one or more cells not transformed or modified with the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences.
In some embodiments, the one or more cells comprising one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences produces at least 25% more C16 hydrocarbon as compared to the same one or more cells not transformed or modified with the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences.
In some embodiments, the one or more cells comprising one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences produces at least 30% more C16 hydrocarbon as compared to the same one or more cells not transformed or modified with the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences.
In some embodiments, the one or more cells comprising one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences produces at least 35% more C16 hydrocarbon as compared to the same one or more cells not transformed or modified with the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences.
In some embodiments, the one or more cells comprising one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences produces at least 40% more C16 hydrocarbon as compared to the same one or more cells not transformed or modified with the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences.
In some embodiments, the one or more cells comprising one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences produces at least 45% more C16 hydrocarbon as compared to the same one or more cells not transformed or modified with the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences.
In some embodiments, the one or more cells comprising one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences produces at least 50% more C16 hydrocarbon as compared to the same one or more cells not transformed or modified with the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences.
In some embodiments, the one or more cells comprising one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences produces at least 5% more C17 hydrocarbon as compared to the same one or more cells not transformed or modified with the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences.
In some embodiments, the one or more cells comprising one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences produces at least 6% more C17 hydrocarbon as compared to the same one or more cells not transformed or modified with the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences.
In some embodiments, the one or more cells comprising one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences produces at least 7% more C17 hydrocarbon as compared to the same one or more cells not transformed or modified with the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences.
In some embodiments, the one or more cells comprising one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences produces at least 8% more C17 hydrocarbon as compared to the same one or more cells not transformed or modified with the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences.
In some embodiments, the one or more cells comprising one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences produces at least 9% more C17 hydrocarbon as compared to the same one or more cells not transformed or modified with the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences.
In some embodiments, the one or more cells comprising one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences produces at least 10% more C17 hydrocarbon as compared to the same one or more cells not transformed or modified with the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences.
In some embodiments, the one or more cells comprising one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences produces at least 15% more C17 hydrocarbon as compared to the same one or more cells not transformed or modified with the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences.
In some embodiments, the one or more cells comprising one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences produces at least 20% more C17 hydrocarbon as compared to the same one or more cells not transformed or modified with the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences.
In some embodiments, the one or more cells comprising one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences produces at least 25% more C17 hydrocarbon as compared to the same one or more cells not transformed or modified with the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences.
In some embodiments, the one or more cells comprising one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences produces at least 30% more C17 hydrocarbon as compared to the same one or more cells not transformed or modified with the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences.
In some embodiments, the one or more cells comprising one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences produces at least 35% more C17 hydrocarbon as compared to the same one or more cells not transformed or modified with the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences.
In some embodiments, the one or more cells comprising one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences produces at least 40% more C17 hydrocarbon as compared to the same one or more cells not transformed or modified with the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences.
In some embodiments, the one or more cells comprising one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences produces at least 45% more C17 hydrocarbon as compared to the same one or more cells not transformed or modified with the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences.
In some embodiments, the one or more cells comprising one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences produces at least 50% more C17 hydrocarbon as compared to the same one or more cells not transformed or modified with the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences.
In some embodiments, the one or more cells comprising one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences produces at least 5% more C18 hydrocarbon as compared to the same one or more cells not transformed or modified with the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences.
In some embodiments, the one or more cells comprising one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences produces at least 6% more C18 hydrocarbon as compared to the same one or more cells not transformed or modified with the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences.
In some embodiments, the one or more cells comprising one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences produces at least 7% more C18 hydrocarbon as compared to the same one or more cells not transformed or modified with the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences.
In some embodiments, the one or more cells comprising one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences produces at least 8% more C18 hydrocarbon as compared to the same one or more cells not transformed or modified with the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences.
In some embodiments, the one or more cells comprising one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences produces at least 9% more C18 hydrocarbon as compared to the same one or more cells not transformed or modified with the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences.
In some embodiments, the one or more cells comprising one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences produces at least 10% more C18 hydrocarbon as compared to the same one or more cells not transformed or modified with the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences.
In some embodiments, the one or more cells comprising one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences produces at least 15% more C18 hydrocarbon as compared to the same one or more cells not transformed or modified with the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences.
In some embodiments, the one or more cells comprising one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences produces at least 20% more C18 hydrocarbon as compared to the same one or more cells not transformed or modified with the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences.
In some embodiments, the one or more cells comprising one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences produces at least 25% more C18 hydrocarbon as compared to the same one or more cells not transformed or modified with the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences.
In some embodiments, the one or more cells comprising one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences produces at least 30% more C18 hydrocarbon as compared to the same one or more cells not transformed or modified with the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences.
In some embodiments, the one or more cells comprising one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences produces at least 35% more C18 hydrocarbon as compared to the same one or more cells not transformed or modified with the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences.
In some embodiments, the one or more cells comprising one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences produces at least 40% more C18 hydrocarbon as compared to the same one or more cells not transformed or modified with the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences.
In some embodiments, the one or more cells comprising one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences produces at least 45% more C18 hydrocarbon as compared to the same one or more cells not transformed or modified with the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences.
In some embodiments, the one or more cells comprising one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences produces at least 50% more C18 hydrocarbon as compared to the same one or more cells not transformed or modified with the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences.
In some embodiments, the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequence encodes at least one lipid pathway enzyme that causes an increase in the ratio of C12:C14:C16 lipids or hydrocarbons produced or secreted by the cell as compared to the C12:C14:C16 lipids or hydrocarbons produced or secreted by the same cell not transformed with the nucleic acid sequence that encodes the lipid pathway enzyme. In one embodiment, the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequence encodes at least one lipid pathway enzyme that causes a decrease in the ratio of C12:C14:C16 lipids or hydrocarbons produced or secreted by the cell as compared to the C12:C14:C16 lipids or hydrocarbons produced or secreted by the same cell not transformed with the nucleic acid sequence that encodes the lipid pathway enzyme. In some embodiments, the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequence encodes at least one lipid pathway enzyme that causes an increase in the ratio of C13:C15:C17 lipids or hydrocarbons produced or secreted by the cell as compared to the C13:C15:C17 lipids or hydrocarbons produced or secreted by the same cell not transformed with the nucleic acid sequence that encodes the lipid pathway enzyme. In one embodiment, the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequence encodes at least one lipid pathway enzyme that causes a decrease in the ratio of C13:C15:C17 lipids or hydrocarbons produced or secreted by the cell as compared to the C13:C15:C17 lipids or hydrocarbons produced or secreted by the same cell not transformed with the nucleic acid sequence that encodes the lipid pathway enzyme. In some embodiments, the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequence encodes at least one lipid pathway enzyme that causes an increase in the ratio of odd-numbered lipids or hydrocarbons produced or secreted by the cell as compared to the odd-numbered lipids or hydrocarbons produced or secreted by the same cell not transformed with the nucleic acid sequence that encodes the lipid pathway enzyme. In some embodiments, the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequence encodes at least one lipid pathway enzyme that causes a decrease in the ratio of odd-numbered lipids or hydrocarbons produced or secreted by the cell as compared to the odd-numbered lipids or hydrocarbons produced or secreted by the same cell not transformed with the nucleic acid sequence that encodes the lipid pathway enzyme. In one embodiment, the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequence encodes at least one lipid pathway enzyme that causes a decrease in the ratio of even:odd carbon numbered lipids or hydrocarbons produced or secreted by the cell as compared to the ratio of even:odd carbon numbered lipids or hydrocarbons produced or secreted by the same cell not transformed with the nucleic acid sequence that encodes the one or more lipid pathway enzymes. In one embodiment, the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequence encodes at least one lipid pathway enzyme that causes a increase in the ratio of even:odd carbon numbered lipids or hydrocarbons produced or secreted by the cell as compared to the ratio of even:odd carbon numbered lipids or hydrocarbons produced or secreted by the same cell not transformed with the nucleic acid sequence that encodes the one or more lipid pathway enzymes.
In some embodiments, the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequence encodes at least one lipid pathway enzyme that causes at least a 5% increase in the ratio of C12:C14:C16 lipids or hydrocarbons produced or secreted by the cell as compared to the C12:C14:C16 lipids or hydrocarbons produced or secreted by the same cell not transformed or modified with the nucleic acid sequence that encodes the lipid pathway enzyme. In some embodiments, the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequence encodes at least one lipid pathway enzyme that causes at least a 5% increase in the ratio of C12:C14:C16 lipids or hydrocarbons produced or secreted by the cell as compared to the C12:C14:C16 lipids or hydrocarbons produced or secreted by the same cell not transformed or modified with the nucleic acid sequence that encodes the lipid pathway enzyme.
In some embodiments, the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequence encodes at least one lipid pathway enzyme that causes at least a 6% increase in the ratio of C12:C14:C16 lipids or hydrocarbons produced or secreted by the cell as compared to the C12:C14:C16 lipids or hydrocarbons produced or secreted by the same cell not transformed or modified with the nucleic acid sequence that encodes the lipid pathway enzyme.
In some embodiments, the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequence encodes at least one lipid pathway enzyme that causes at least a 7% increase in the ratio of C12:C14:C16 lipids or hydrocarbons produced or secreted by the cell as compared to the C12:C14:C16 lipids or hydrocarbons produced or secreted by the same cell not transformed or modified with the nucleic acid sequence that encodes the lipid pathway enzyme.
In some embodiments, the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequence encodes at least one lipid pathway enzyme that causes at least a 8% increase in the ratio of C12:C14:C16 lipids or hydrocarbons produced or secreted by the cell as compared to the C12:C14:C16 lipids or hydrocarbons produced or secreted by the same cell not transformed or modified with the nucleic acid sequence that encodes the lipid pathway enzyme.
In some embodiments, the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequence encodes at least one lipid pathway enzyme that causes at least a 9% increase in the ratio of C12:C14:C16 lipids or hydrocarbons produced or secreted by the cell as compared to the C12:C14:C16 lipids or hydrocarbons produced or secreted by the same cell not transformed or modified with the nucleic acid sequence that encodes the lipid pathway enzyme.
In some embodiments, the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequence encodes at least one lipid pathway enzyme that causes at least a 10% increase in the ratio of C12:C14:C16 lipids or hydrocarbons produced or secreted by the cell as compared to the C12:C14:C16 lipids or hydrocarbons produced or secreted by the same cell not transformed or modified with the nucleic acid sequence that encodes the lipid pathway enzyme.
In some embodiments, the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequence encodes at least one lipid pathway enzyme that causes at least a 11% increase in the ratio of C12:C14:C16 lipids or hydrocarbons produced or secreted by the cell as compared to the C12:C14:C16 lipids or hydrocarbons produced or secreted by the same cell not transformed or modified with the nucleic acid sequence that encodes the lipid pathway enzyme.
In some embodiments, the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequence encodes at least one lipid pathway enzyme that causes at least a 12% increase in the ratio of C12:C14:C16 lipids or hydrocarbons produced or secreted by the cell as compared to the C12:C14:C16 lipids or hydrocarbons produced or secreted by the same cell not transformed or modified with the nucleic acid sequence that encodes the lipid pathway enzyme.
In some embodiments, the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequence encodes at least one lipid pathway enzyme that causes at least a 13% increase in the ratio of C12:C14:C16 lipids or hydrocarbons produced or secreted by the cell as compared to the C12:C14:C16 lipids or hydrocarbons produced or secreted by the same cell not transformed or modified with the nucleic acid sequence that encodes the lipid pathway enzyme.
In some embodiments, the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequence encodes at least one lipid pathway enzyme that causes at least a 14% increase in the ratio of C12:C14:C16 lipids or hydrocarbons produced or secreted by the cell as compared to the C12:C14:C16 lipids or hydrocarbons produced or secreted by the same cell not transformed or modified with the nucleic acid sequence that encodes the lipid pathway enzyme.
In some embodiments, the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequence encodes at least one lipid pathway enzyme that causes at least a 15% increase in the ratio of C12:C14:C16 lipids or hydrocarbons produced or secreted by the cell as compared to the C12:C14:C16 lipids or hydrocarbons produced or secreted by the same cell not transformed or modified with the nucleic acid sequence that encodes the lipid pathway enzyme.
In some embodiments, the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequence encodes at least one lipid pathway enzyme that causes at least a 20% increase in the ratio of C12:C14:C16 lipids or hydrocarbons produced or secreted by the cell as compared to the C12:C14:C16 lipids or hydrocarbons produced or secreted by the same cell not transformed or modified with the nucleic acid sequence that encodes the lipid pathway enzyme.
In some embodiments, the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequence encodes at least one lipid pathway enzyme that causes at least a 25% increase in the ratio of C12:C14:C16 lipids or hydrocarbons produced or secreted by the cell as compared to the C12:C14:C16 lipids or hydrocarbons produced or secreted by the same cell not transformed or modified with the nucleic acid sequence that encodes the lipid pathway enzyme.
In some embodiments, the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequence encodes at least one lipid pathway enzyme that causes at least a 30% increase in the ratio of C12:C14:C16 lipids or hydrocarbons produced or secreted by the cell as compared to the C12:C14:C16 lipids or hydrocarbons produced or secreted by the same cell not transformed or modified with the nucleic acid sequence that encodes the lipid pathway enzyme.
In some embodiments, the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequence encodes at least one lipid pathway enzyme that causes at least a 35% increase in the ratio of C12:C14:C16 lipids or hydrocarbons produced or secreted by the cell as compared to the C12:C14:C16 lipids or hydrocarbons produced or secreted by the same cell not transformed or modified with the nucleic acid sequence that encodes the lipid pathway enzyme.
In some embodiments, the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequence encodes at least one lipid pathway enzyme that causes at least a 40% increase in the ratio of C12:C14:C16 lipids or hydrocarbons produced or secreted by the cell as compared to the C12:C14:C16 lipids or hydrocarbons produced or secreted by the same cell not transformed or modified with the nucleic acid sequence that encodes the lipid pathway enzyme.
In some embodiments, the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequence encodes at least one lipid pathway enzyme that causes at least a 45% increase in the ratio of C12:C14:C16 lipids or hydrocarbons produced or secreted by the cell as compared to the C12:C14:C16 lipids or hydrocarbons produced or secreted by the same cell not transformed or modified with the nucleic acid sequence that encodes the lipid pathway enzyme.
In some embodiments, the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequence encodes at least one lipid pathway enzyme that causes at least a 50% increase in the ratio of C12:C14:C16 lipids or hydrocarbons produced or secreted by the cell as compared to the C12:C14:C16 lipids or hydrocarbons produced or secreted by the same cell not transformed or modified with the nucleic acid sequence that encodes the lipid pathway enzyme.
In some embodiments, the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequence encodes at least one lipid pathway enzyme that causes at least a 55% increase in the ratio of C12:C14:C16 lipids or hydrocarbons produced or secreted by the cell as compared to the C12:C14:C16 lipids or hydrocarbons produced or secreted by the same cell not transformed or modified with the nucleic acid sequence that encodes the lipid pathway enzyme.
In some embodiments, the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequence encodes at least one lipid pathway enzyme that causes at least a 60% increase in the ratio of C12:C14:C16 lipids or hydrocarbons produced or secreted by the cell as compared to the C12:C14:C16 lipids or hydrocarbons produced or secreted by the same cell not transformed or modified with the nucleic acid sequence that encodes the lipid pathway enzyme.
In some embodiments, the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequence encodes at least one lipid pathway enzyme that causes at least a 65% increase in the ratio of C12:C14:C16 lipids or hydrocarbons produced or secreted by the cell as compared to the C12:C14:C16 lipids or hydrocarbons produced or secreted by the same cell not transformed or modified with the nucleic acid sequence that encodes the lipid pathway enzyme.
In some embodiments, the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequence encodes at least one lipid pathway enzyme that causes at least a 70% increase in the ratio of C12:C14:C16 lipids or hydrocarbons produced or secreted by the cell as compared to the C12:C14:C16 lipids or hydrocarbons produced or secreted by the same cell not transformed or modified with the nucleic acid sequence that encodes the lipid pathway enzyme.
In some embodiments, the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequence encodes at least one lipid pathway enzyme that causes at least a 75% increase in the ratio of C12:C14:C16 lipids or hydrocarbons produced or secreted by the cell as compared to the C12:C14:C16 lipids or hydrocarbons produced or secreted by the same cell not transformed or modified with the nucleic acid sequence that encodes the lipid pathway enzyme.
In some embodiments, the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequence encodes at least one lipid pathway enzyme that causes at least a 80% increase in the ratio of C12:C14:C16 lipids or hydrocarbons produced or secreted by the cell as compared to the C12:C14:C16 lipids or hydrocarbons produced or secreted by the same cell not transformed or modified with the nucleic acid sequence that encodes the lipid pathway enzyme.
In some embodiments, the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequence encodes at least one lipid pathway enzyme that causes at least a 85% increase in the ratio of C12:C14:C16 lipids or hydrocarbons produced or secreted by the cell as compared to the C12:C14:C16 lipids or hydrocarbons produced or secreted by the same cell not transformed or modified with the nucleic acid sequence that encodes the lipid pathway enzyme.
In some embodiments, the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequence encodes at least one lipid pathway enzyme that causes at least a 5% increase in the ratio of C13:C15:C17 lipids or hydrocarbons produced or secreted by the cell as compared to the C13:C15:C17 lipids or hydrocarbons produced or secreted by the same cell not transformed or modified with the nucleic acid sequence that encodes the lipid pathway enzyme. In some embodiments, the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequence encodes at least one lipid pathway enzyme that causes at least a 5% increase in the ratio of C13:C15:C17 lipids or hydrocarbons produced or secreted by the cell as compared to the C13:C15:C17 lipids or hydrocarbons produced or secreted by the same cell not transformed or modified with the nucleic acid sequence that encodes the lipid pathway enzyme.
In some embodiments, the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequence encodes at least one lipid pathway enzyme that causes at least a 6% increase in the ratio of C13:C15:C17 lipids or hydrocarbons produced or secreted by the cell as compared to the C13:C15:C17 lipids or hydrocarbons produced or secreted by the same cell not transformed or modified with the nucleic acid sequence that encodes the lipid pathway enzyme.
In some embodiments, the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequence encodes at least one lipid pathway enzyme that causes at least a 7% increase in the ratio of C13:C15:C17 lipids or hydrocarbons produced or secreted by the cell as compared to the C13:C15:C17 lipids or hydrocarbons produced or secreted by the same cell not transformed or modified with the nucleic acid sequence that encodes the lipid pathway enzyme.
In some embodiments, the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequence encodes at least one lipid pathway enzyme that causes at least a 8% increase in the ratio of C13:C15:C17 lipids or hydrocarbons produced or secreted by the cell as compared to the C13:C15:C17 lipids or hydrocarbons produced or secreted by the same cell not transformed or modified with the nucleic acid sequence that encodes the lipid pathway enzyme.
In some embodiments, the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequence encodes at least one lipid pathway enzyme that causes at least a 9% increase in the ratio of C13:C15:C17 lipids or hydrocarbons produced or secreted by the cell as compared to the C13:C15:C17 lipids or hydrocarbons produced or secreted by the same cell not transformed or modified with the nucleic acid sequence that encodes the lipid pathway enzyme.
In some embodiments, the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequence encodes at least one lipid pathway enzyme that causes at least a 10% increase in the ratio of C13:C15:C17 lipids or hydrocarbons produced or secreted by the cell as compared to the C13:C15:C17 lipids or hydrocarbons produced or secreted by the same cell not transformed or modified with the nucleic acid sequence that encodes the lipid pathway enzyme.
In some embodiments, the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequence encodes at least one lipid pathway enzyme that causes at least a 11% increase in the ratio of C13:C15:C17 lipids or hydrocarbons produced or secreted by the cell as compared to the C13:C15:C17 lipids or hydrocarbons produced or secreted by the same cell not transformed or modified with the nucleic acid sequence that encodes the lipid pathway enzyme.
In some embodiments, the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequence encodes at least one lipid pathway enzyme that causes at least a 12% increase in the ratio of C13:C15:C17 lipids or hydrocarbons produced or secreted by the cell as compared to the C13:C15:C17 lipids or hydrocarbons produced or secreted by the same cell not transformed or modified with the nucleic acid sequence that encodes the lipid pathway enzyme.
In some embodiments, the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequence encodes at least one lipid pathway enzyme that causes at least a 13% increase in the ratio of C13:C15:C17 lipids or hydrocarbons produced or secreted by the cell as compared to the C13:C15:C17 lipids or hydrocarbons produced or secreted by the same cell not transformed or modified with the nucleic acid sequence that encodes the lipid pathway enzyme.
In some embodiments, the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequence encodes at least one lipid pathway enzyme that causes at least a 14% increase in the ratio of C13:C15:C17 lipids or hydrocarbons produced or secreted by the cell as compared to the C13:C15:C17 lipids or hydrocarbons produced or secreted by the same cell not transformed or modified with the nucleic acid sequence that encodes the lipid pathway enzyme.
In some embodiments, the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequence encodes at least one lipid pathway enzyme that causes at least a 15% increase in the ratio of C13:C15:C17 lipids or hydrocarbons produced or secreted by the cell as compared to the C13:C15:C17 lipids or hydrocarbons produced or secreted by the same cell not transformed or modified with the nucleic acid sequence that encodes the lipid pathway enzyme.
In some embodiments, the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequence encodes at least one lipid pathway enzyme that causes at least a 20% increase in the ratio of C13:C15:C17 lipids or hydrocarbons produced or secreted by the cell as compared to the C13:C15:C17 lipids or hydrocarbons produced or secreted by the same cell not transformed or modified with the nucleic acid sequence that encodes the lipid pathway enzyme.
In some embodiments, the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequence encodes at least one lipid pathway enzyme that causes at least a 25% increase in the ratio of C13:C15:C17 lipids or hydrocarbons produced or secreted by the cell as compared to the C13:C15:C17 lipids or hydrocarbons produced or secreted by the same cell not transformed or modified with the nucleic acid sequence that encodes the lipid pathway enzyme.
In some embodiments, the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequence encodes at least one lipid pathway enzyme that causes at least a 30% increase in the ratio of C13:C15:C17 lipids or hydrocarbons produced or secreted by the cell as compared to the C13:C15:C17 lipids or hydrocarbons produced or secreted by the same cell not transformed or modified with the nucleic acid sequence that encodes the lipid pathway enzyme.
In some embodiments, the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequence encodes at least one lipid pathway enzyme that causes at least a 35% increase in the ratio of C13:C15:C17 lipids or hydrocarbons produced or secreted by the cell as compared to the C13:C15:C17 lipids or hydrocarbons produced or secreted by the same cell not transformed or modified with the nucleic acid sequence that encodes the lipid pathway enzyme.
In some embodiments, the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequence encodes at least one lipid pathway enzyme that causes at least a 40% increase in the ratio of C13:C15:C17 lipids or hydrocarbons produced or secreted by the cell as compared to the C13:C15:C17 lipids or hydrocarbons produced or secreted by the same cell not transformed or modified with the nucleic acid sequence that encodes the lipid pathway enzyme.
In some embodiments, the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequence encodes at least one lipid pathway enzyme that causes at least a 45% increase in the ratio of C13:C15:C17 lipids or hydrocarbons produced or secreted by the cell as compared to the C13:C15:C17 lipids or hydrocarbons produced or secreted by the same cell not transformed or modified with the nucleic acid sequence that encodes the lipid pathway enzyme.
In some embodiments, the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequence encodes at least one lipid pathway enzyme that causes at least a 50% increase in the ratio of C13:C15:C17 lipids or hydrocarbons produced or secreted by the cell as compared to the C13:C15:C17 lipids or hydrocarbons produced or secreted by the same cell not transformed or modified with the nucleic acid sequence that encodes the lipid pathway enzyme.
In some embodiments, the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequence encodes at least one lipid pathway enzyme that causes at least a 55% increase in the ratio of C13:C15:C17 lipids or hydrocarbons produced or secreted by the cell as compared to the C13:C15:C17 lipids or hydrocarbons produced or secreted by the same cell not transformed or modified with the nucleic acid sequence that encodes the lipid pathway enzyme.
In some embodiments, the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequence encodes at least one lipid pathway enzyme that causes at least a 60% increase in the ratio of C13:C15:C17 lipids or hydrocarbons produced or secreted by the cell as compared to the C13:C15:C17 lipids or hydrocarbons produced or secreted by the same cell not transformed or modified with the nucleic acid sequence that encodes the lipid pathway enzyme.
In some embodiments, the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequence encodes at least one lipid pathway enzyme that causes at least a 65% increase in the ratio of C13:C15:C17 lipids or hydrocarbons produced or secreted by the cell as compared to the C13:C15:C17 lipids or hydrocarbons produced or secreted by the same cell not transformed or modified with the nucleic acid sequence that encodes the lipid pathway enzyme.
In some embodiments, the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequence encodes at least one lipid pathway enzyme that causes at least a 70% increase in the ratio of C13:C15:C17 lipids or hydrocarbons produced or secreted by the cell as compared to the C13:C15:C17 lipids or hydrocarbons produced or secreted by the same cell not transformed or modified with the nucleic acid sequence that encodes the lipid pathway enzyme.
In some embodiments, the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequence encodes at least one lipid pathway enzyme that causes at least a 75% increase in the ratio of C13:C15:C17 lipids or hydrocarbons produced or secreted by the cell as compared to the C13:C15:C17 lipids or hydrocarbons produced or secreted by the same cell not transformed or modified with the nucleic acid sequence that encodes the lipid pathway enzyme.
In some embodiments, the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequence encodes at least one lipid pathway enzyme that causes at least a 80% increase in the ratio of C13:C15:C17 lipids or hydrocarbons produced or secreted by the cell as compared to the C13:C15:C17 lipids or hydrocarbons produced or secreted by the same cell not transformed or modified with the nucleic acid sequence that encodes the lipid pathway enzyme.
In some embodiments, the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequence encodes at least one lipid pathway enzyme that causes at least a 85% increase in the ratio of C13:C15:C17 lipids or hydrocarbons produced or secreted by the cell as compared to the C13:C15:C17 lipids or hydrocarbons produced or secreted by the same cell not transformed or modified with the nucleic acid sequence that encodes the lipid pathway enzyme.
In some embodiments the exogenous gene or genes codes for enzymes or proteins including but not limited to one or more of the following: an acyl carrier protein, a TE, a FAR, a FadR, a FAD, a fatty aldehyde reductase, a cytochrome P450 enzyme, a NADH or NADPH cytochrome P450 reductase, a desaturase, a hydroxylase, and an antibiotic resistance enabling protein or a fragment or variant thereof. In some embodiments, the coding sequence comprises an exogenous nucleic acid sequence that encodes a TE that catalyzes hydrolysis of one or more fatty acyl-ACP substrates with chain lengths ranging over C8, C9, C10, C11, C12, C13, C14, C15, C16, C17, or C18. In some embodiments, the cell comprises a plasmid that contains one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences that encode an amino acid sequence for an enzyme or protein such as but not limited to one or more of the following: an acyl carrier protein, a TE, a FAR, a FadR, a FAD, a fatty aldehyde reductase, a cytochrome P450 enzyme, a NADH or NADPH cytochrome P450 reductase, a desaturase, a hydroxylase, and an antibiotic resistance enabling protein or a fragment or variant thereof. In some embodiments, the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences comprise SEQ ID NO:5 or a functional fragment or variant thereof that is at least 70%, 75%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% homologous to SEQ ID NO:5. In some embodiments, the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences comprise SEQ ID NO:6 or a functional fragment thereof that is at least 70%, 75%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% homologous to SEQ ID NO:6. In some embodiments, the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences comprise SEQ ID NO:7 or a functional fragment thereof that is at least 70%, 75%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% homologous to SEQ ID NO:7. In some embodiments, the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences comprise SEQ ID NO:8 or a functional fragment thereof that is at least 70%, 75%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% homologous to SEQ ID NO:8. In some embodiments, the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences comprise SEQ ID NO:9 or a functional fragment thereof that is at least 70%, 75%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% homologous to SEQ ID NO:9.
In further embodiments, at least one coding sequence of the at least one exogenous nucleic acid sequence encodes a lipid pathway enzyme or a functional fragment or variant thereof. In some embodiments, the at least one coding sequence of the at least one exogenous nucleic acid sequence encodes a lipid modification enzyme or a functional fragment or variant thereof. In some embodiments, the composition or cell comprises a nucleic acid that encodes at least one fatty acid decarbonylase, at least one fatty acid reductase, a thioesterase, or any combination of any one more full-length lipid pathway enzymes or functional fragments or variants thereof. In some embodiments the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences are integrated into the genome of the cell. In some embodiments, the one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences are on an episomal plasmid within the transformed host cell.
Methods of Isolation and Purification Following the methods of the present invention microorganisms are grown and maintained for the production of lipids in a medium containing a gaseous carbon source, such as but not limited to syngas or producer gas, in the absence of light; such growth is known as chemotrophic growth. In some embodiments, the invention relates to methods of cultivating oleaginous cells for the large scale production of oil and/or fuel. In some embodiments, the invention relates to methods of cultivating oleaginous cells in bioreactors 50,000 liters or greater in volume, which are conventionally constructed out of low cost, sturdy, and opaque materials such as steel or reinforced concrete or earthworks. The size, depth, and construction of such bioreactors dictate that the cells will be grown in near or total darkness. In some embodiments, the oleaginous microorganisms are cultured for the synthesis of lipids in accordance with the methods of the present invention in a medium containing gaseous inorganic carbon, such as but not limited to syngas or producer gas, as the primary or sole carbon source, and without any exposure to light. This type of growth is known as chemoautotrophic growth.
To give an illustration, a bioreactor containing nutrient medium is inoculated with of oleaginous bacterial cells; generally there will follow a lag phase prior to the cells beginning to double. After the lag phase, the cell doubling time decreases and the culture goes into the logarithmic phase. The logarithmic phase is eventually followed by an increase of the doubling time that, while not intending to be limited by theory, is thought to result from either a depletion of nutrients including nitrogen sources, or a rise in the concentration of inhibitory chemicals, or quorum sensing by the microbes. The growth slows down and then ceases when the culture goes into the stationary phase. In order to harvest cell mass with high lipid content, the culture is generally harvested late in the logarithmic phase or in the stationary phase. In some embodiments, the cells are harvested in logarithmic phase. In some embodiments, the cells are harvested in stationary phase. The accumulation of lipid can generally be triggered by the depletion of the nitrogen source or another key nutrient excepting the carbon or the energy source (e.g. hydrogen). This signals the cells to store lipids produced from the excess carbon and energy sources. Optimization of lipid production and the targeting of specific lipid distributions can be achieved by control of bioreactor conditions and/or nutrient levels and/or through genetic modifications of the cells. In some embodiments the lipid production and distribution of lipid molecules produced is optimized through one or more of the following: control of bioreactor conditions, control of nutrient levels, genetic modifications of the cells.
The synthesis of lipids by the microbes disclosed in the present invention can happen during the logarithmic phase and afterwards during the stationary phase when cell doubling has stopped provided there is an ample supply of carbon and energy sources,
In some embodiments, microorganisms grown using conditions described herein and known in the art comprise at least 20% lipid content by weight, but under chemotrophic conditions, comprise at least 10% lipid content by weight. In some embodiments, under chemotrophic conditions, the microorganisms of the present invention comprise at least about 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, or 40% by weight of lipids, at least about 50% by weight, or at least about 60% by weight of lipids. Improved lipid yield and/or lower production costs can be achieved by controlling process parameters. In certain embodiments, a bacterium is grown in a nutrient media and/or gas mix having a nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorous, or sulfur limitation, while a gaseous carbon and energy source such as syngas is provided in excess. Lipid yield is generally higher in microbial cultures grown with a nitrogen limitation versus microbial cultures grown without nitrogen limitation. In certain embodiments, lipid yield rises by at least: 10%, 50%, 100%, 200%, 500%, or 1000%. The microbial growth can occur with nutrient limitation for a part or for all of the fermentation run. Feeding an excess of energy and carbon source to a population of oleaginous microbes, but little or no nitrogen, can produce a rise in cellular lipid content. In some embodiments, microbial growth occurs on limited amounts of nitrogen or in the complete absence of nitrogen.
Genes are well known in the art that code for cofactors useful in the present invention, or that are involved in synthesizing such cofactors.
In another embodiment, genes that code for cofactors useful in the present invention, or that are involved in synthesizing such cofactors, are put in oleaginous bacteria, using the constructs and methods such as described above. Lipid yield is improved in another embodiment by growing an oleaginous bacteria with one or more lipid pathway enzyme cofactor(s) added to the culture environment. The lipid yield is generally improved in the presence of a certain concentration of the cofactor(s) compared to lipid yield without supplemental cofactor(s). In some embodiments, the cofactor(s) are delivered to the culture by having a microbe (e.g., bacteria) present in the culture that contains an exogenous gene coding for the cofactor(s) at a concentration sufficient to increase lipid yield as compared to the lipid yield of the microbe in the absence of the cofactor. Cofactor(s) may also be delivered to a culture by having a microbe (e.g., bacteria) present in the culture that contains an exogenous gene that coding for a protein involved in the cofactor synthesis. In some embodiments, any vitamin needed for the proper function of a lipid pathway enzyme including biotin and/or pantothenate is included in the culture environment.
The specific examples of bioreactors, culture conditions, heterotrophic and chemotrophic growth, maintenance, and lipid production methods described herein can be combined in any suitable manner to improve efficiencies of microbial growth and lipid and/or protein production.
In another aspect of the invention, the invention relates to a method of producing a molecule or mixture of molecules in a microorganism population comprising the cell or the composition described herein, wherein the method comprises: culturing a population of microorganisms comprising the cell or the composition described herein in a feedstock comprising syngas and/or gaseous CO₂and/or a mixture of CO₂gas and H₂gas.
In another aspect of the invention, the invention relates to a method of producing a hydrocarbon or mixture of hydrocarbons in a microorganism population comprising the cell or the composition described herein, wherein the method comprises: culturing a population of microorganisms comprising the cell or the composition described herein in a feedstock comprising syngas and/or gaseous CO₂and/or a mixture of CO₂gas and H₂gas.
In another aspect of the invention, the invention relates to a method of producing a lipid or mixture of lipids in a microorganism population comprising the cell or the composition described herein, wherein the method comprises: culturing a population of microorganisms comprising the cell or the composition described herein in a feedstock comprising syngas and/or gaseous CO₂and/or a mixture of CO₂gas and H₂gas.
In another aspect of the invention, the invention relates to a method of producing an alkane or mixture of alkanes in a microorganism population comprising the cell or the composition described herein, wherein the method comprises: culturing a population of microorganisms comprising the cell or the composition described herein in a feedstock comprising syngas and/or gaseous CO₂and/or a mixture of CO₂gas and H₂gas.
In another aspect of the invention, the invention relates to a method of producing an alkene or mixture of alkenes in a microorganism population comprising the cell or the composition described herein, wherein the method comprises: culturing a population of microorganisms comprising the cell or the composition described herein in a feedstock comprising syngas and/or gaseous CO₂and/or a mixture of CO₂gas and H₂gas.
In another aspect of the invention, the invention relates to a method of producing an alkyne or mixture of alkynes in a microorganism population comprising the cell or the composition described herein, wherein the method comprises: culturing a population of microorganisms comprising the cell or the composition described herein in a feedstock comprising syngas and/or gaseous CO₂and/or a mixture of CO₂gas and H₂gas.
In some embodiments, the methods of the claimed invention do not rely on desulfonation to produce and/or secrete one or more hydrocarbons. In some embodiments, an exogenous nucleic acid is introduced into the cells of the claimed invention to silence or disrupt transcription of endogenous genes of the cell that encode enzymes capable of desulfonation of commercial surfactants under conditions and for a time period sufficient for growth of the cell with a gaseous feedstock comprising a gas comprising carbon.
In another aspect of the invention, the invention relates to a method of producing a primary alcohol in a microorganism population comprising the cell or the composition described herein, wherein the method comprises: culturing a population of microorganisms comprising the cell or the composition described herein in a feedstock comprising syngas and/or gaseous CO₂and/or a mixture of CO₂gas and H₂gas. In some embodiments, the bacterial cell comprises a first and second exogenous nucleic acid sequence, wherein the first nucleic acid sequence encodes a FAR or functional fragment thereof and the second exogenous nucleic acid encodes a fatty-acyl-CoA ligase or functional fragment thereof.
In some embodiments, the feedstock does not include linoleic acid.
In addition to providing the new genes for post-production fatty acid hydroxylation, in order to boost yields of the desired hydroxylated products, one can increase the production of the C18 fatty acid precursors. Several ways have been identified to accomplish this: (1) up-regulate the thioesterase gene responsible for production of C18 fatty acids; (2) down-regulate production of endogenous thioesterases for other fatty acid chain lengths; and/or (3) down regulation of endogenous acyl carrier proteins.
Aspects of this invention involve the expression of fatty acyl-CoA binding protein in chemoautotrophic microbes for modification of the fatty acid profile. The fatty acyl-CoA binding protein exhibit broad specificity and sequester fatty acyl-CoA esters from the synthesizing machinery resulting in the production of shorter chain fatty acids.
Mikkelsen et al. identified a fatty acyl-CoA-binding protein (ACBP) with an apparent Mr of 7000 (Mogensen et al., 1987). This protein could bind and thereby induce medium-chain fatty acyl-CoA synthesis by goat mammary-gland fatty acid synthetase in vitro. “(Mikkelsen 1987)
In some embodiments, the production strain is in the genera Rhodococcus or Gordonia or Nocardia. In some embodiments, the production strain is Rhodococcus opacus. In some embodiments, the composition comprises a microorganism, wherein the microorganism is Rhodococcus opacus (DSM 43205) or Rhodococcus opacus (DSM 43206) or Rhodococcus opacus (DSM 44193). In some embodiments the production strain is Cupriavidus necator. In some embodiments the production strain is a knallgas microorganism, also known as an oxyhydrogen microorganism. In some embodiments the wild-type of the production strain naturally has a capability for accumulating and/or synthesizing high quantities of triacylglycerol where a high quantity is considered to be 10% or more of the dry cell mass; 20% or more of the dry cell mass; 30% or more of the dry cell mass; 40% or more of the dry cell mass; 50% or more of the dry cell mass; 60% or more of the dry cell mass; 70% or more of the dry cell mass. In some embodiments the production strain is a hydrogen-oxidizing chemoautotroph. In some embodiments the production strain is capable of growing on syngas as the sole energy and carbon source. In some embodiments the production strain is capable of growing on untreated crude glycerol as the sole energy and carbon source. In some embodiments the production strain is capable of growing on methanol as the sole energy and carbon source. In some embodiments the production strain is capable of growing on acetate as the sole energy and carbon sources. In some embodiments process conditions are used to enhance the effect on fatty acid chains lengths of the expressed enzymes. In some embodiments the process condition used to enhance the effect of the expressed enzymes is temperature.
The following documents are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety for all purposes:

U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/616,560, filed Oct. 1, 2012 and entitled “PROCESS FOR GENERATING HYDROXYLATED FATTY ACIDS”; U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/635,238, filed Apr. 18, 2012 and entitled “PROCESS FOR GENERATING SHORTER FATTY ACIDS WITH AN EXOGENOUS FATTY ACYL-COA BINDING PROTEIN”; U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/708,057, filed Oct. 1, 2012 and entitled “PROCESS FOR PRODUCING CARBON-BASED CHEMICALS, INCLUDING BUTANEDIOL, USING CHEMOTROPHIC MICROBES”; U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/542,823, filed Sep. 19, 2011 and entitled “Engineered CO2-Fixing Chemotrophic Microorganisms Producing Carbon-Based Products And Methods Of Using The Same”; International Patent Application Serial No. PCT/US2011/34218, filed May 27, 2011, entitled “Use Of Oxyhydrogen Microorganisms For Non-Photosynthetic Carbon Capture And Conversion Of Inorganic And/Or C1 Carbon Sources Into Useful Organic Compounds”; U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/328,184, filed Apr. 27, 2010 and entitled “USE OF OXYHYDROGEN MICROORGANISMS FOR NON-PHOTOSYNTHETIC CARBON CAPTURE AND CONVERSION OF INORGANIC CARBON SOURCES INTO USEFUL ORGANIC COMPOUNDS”; International Patent Application Serial No. PCT/US2010/001402, filed May 12, 2010, entitled “BIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL PROCESS UTILIZING CHEMOAUTOTROPHIC MICROORGNISMS FOR THE CHEMOSYTHETIC FIXATION OF CARBON DIOXIDE AND/OR OTHER INORGANIC CARBON SOURCES INTO ORGANIC COMPOUNDS, AND THE GENERATION OF ADDITIONAL USEFUL PRODUCTS”; and U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2010/0120104, filed Nov. 6, 2009, entitled “BIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL PROCESS UTILIZING CHEMOAUTOTROPHIC MICROORGNISMS FOR THE CHEMOSYTHETIC FIXATION OF CARBON DIOXIDE AND/OR OTHER INORGANIC CARBON SOURCES INTO ORGANIC COMPOUNDS, AND THE GENERATION OF ADDITIONAL USEFUL PRODUCTS.
Doan T T P, Carlsson A S, Hamberg M, Bulow L, Stymne S, Olsson P, Functional expression of five Arabidopsis fatty acyl-CoA reductase genes in Escherichia coli, J Plant Phys 166(2008):787-96.
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The following examples are provided to describe the invention in greater detail. They are intended to illustrate, not to limit, the invention. Various publications, including patents, published applications, technical articles and scholarly articles are cited throughout the specification. Each of these cited publications is incorporated by reference herein, in its entirety.

EXAMPLES

Example 1: Characterization of Organisms Sharing High 16SrRNA Sequence Similarity

To identify organisms closely related to R. opacus strain (DSM43205), a basic local alignment search (BLAST^R) with the BLASTN programs search of nucleotide databases using the 16S rRNA (NR_026186.1) was carried out. The phylogenetic relationships, based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence homology, between the tested strain and the reference strains of the suborder corynebacterineae (corynebacterium, gordoniaceae, mycobacteriaceae and nocardiaceae) and the family burkholderiaceae (genus cupriavidus and ralstonia) are shown in FIG. 2. The nocardiaceae are related and form two clusters of organisms: clusture1 that contains 20 organisms from the genus nocardia and rhodococcus and cluster 2 that contains 3 R. opacus strains (DSM43205, GM14 and DSM43206). The gordoniaceae, mycobacteriaceae and burkholderiaceae form 3 separated groups (1, 2 and 3). The gram positive chemoautotroph lipid accumulating strain R. opacus (DSM43205; NR_026186.1) exhibits high sequence similarity to cluster 1 (94.3-99.1%) and to the gram positive groups 1 and 2 (92.7-93.5% and 93.3-93.6% respectively) (FIGS. 3 and 4). The sequence similarity to the gram negative chemoautotroph poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) accumulating strains in group 3 is 73.7%.

Plasmid Design and Construction

To generate an E. coli Rhodococci shuttle vector suitable for electroporation, the plasmid pSeqCO1 (SEQ ID: 01) was constructed with the genetic elements described in FIG. 10A. pSeqCO1 consists of the replication gene operon, ampicillin and kanamycin resistance genes, LacZ operon and the multiple cloning site as described in FIG. 10B and FIG. 11A. For replication in Rhodococci, the DNA fragment of the repAB operon (1744 bp downstream from the XhoI restriction site in the native pKNR01 plasmid of the bacteria Rhodococcus opacus B4; Na et al. 2005, J Biosci Bioeng. 99: 408-414) was synthesized with the restriction sites KpnI and SalI and cloned into PUC18 digested with KpnI and SalI. The resultant vector was digested with SpeI and BglI and ligated with the PCR product of the Kanamycin resistance gene from pBBR1MCS-2 (Kovach et al. 1995 Gene 166: 175-176) digested with the engineered restriction sites SpeI and BglII to give pSeqCO1.
To generate an E. coli-cupriavidus shuttle vector suitable for electroporation and bacterial conjugation, the plasmid pSeqCO2 (SEQ ID: 02) was used with the genetic elements described in FIG. 10A. pSeqCO2 (SEQ ID: 02; FIGS. 10 and 11B) is the plasmid pBBR1MCS-2 described in Kovach et al. (1995 Gene 166: 175-176) that contains the IncQ like replication gene, Mob gene that mobilized when the RK2 transfer functions are provided in trans, kanamycin resistance gene, LacZ operon and the multiple cloning site as described in FIG. 10B and FIG. 11B.
Pver1 (SEQ ID: 03; FIGS. 10 and 11C) is an E. coli-cupriavidus-Rhodococci shuttle vector suitable for electroporation and bacterial conjugation. The plasmid was generated by cloning the repAB operon (described in pSeqCO1) into pSeqCO2 using the KpnI and SalI restriction sites.
Pver2 (SEQ ID: 04; FIGS. 10 and 11D) is an E. coli-cupriavidus-Rhodococci shuttle vector suitable for electroporation and bacterial conjugation. The plasmid was generated by cloning the synthesized chloramphenicol gene (Alton and Vapnek Nature 1979 282: 864-869) with the engineered restriction sites SalI and HindII into Pver1.
The arabidopsis genes FAR1 (SEQ ID: 05), FAR2 (SEQ ID: 06) and FAR3 (SEQ ID: 07): were synthesized and cloned into the plasmid pUC57. FAR1, FAR2 and FAR3 were rescued from PUC57 using the restriction enzymes KpnI and SalI and cloned into pSeqCO2 digested with KpnI and SalI to give pSeqCO2::FAR1, pSeqCO2::FAR2 and pSeqCO2::FAR3 respectively (FIG. 16). The genes FadDR (SEQ ID: 08) and Fad (SEQ ID: 09) and the rbcLXS promoter (SEQ ID: 10) were PCR amplified from the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 genome and cloned into gateway plasmid to give pFUEL. A 4 kBp XhoI BamHI fragment that contains FadDR, Fad and rbcLXS was rescued from pFUEL and cloned into pSeqCO2 digested XhoI BamHI with to give pSeqCO2::FUEL (FIG. 20).

Microorganism Mutagenesis and Screening for High Lipid Content

Rhodococcus sp. (DSM3346) was incubated for 2 days in LB medium (per 1 L: 10 g Bacto-tryptone, 5 g yeast extract, 10 g NaCl pH=7.0) at 30° C., 200 rpm, and approximately 7.2×10⁶CFU (20 μl from O.D=1.2) were spread onto fresh LB plates. Two plates were immediately exposed to short-wave (254-nm) UV light for 0 (control), 5, 10 and 20 sec at a distance of 3.5 cm. Plates were then incubated at 30° C. for 48 h. Colonies from plates were collected in 1.5 ml eppendorf tubes by adding 1 ml LB into the plate and gentle scraping. The mutated colonies were spun down (10,000 rpm, 5 min at room temperature) and washed twice in PBS. Six μl of dilute Nile red DMSO stock solution (0.5 mg/ml) was added to final concentration of 0.75 μg/ml and incubated for 30 min at 4° C. Colonies were washed twice (10,000 rpm, 5 min at RT) with PBS (137 mM NaCl, 2.7 mM KCl, 4.3 mM Na₂HPO₄, 1.47 mM KH₂PO₄; pH of 7.4) and the final concentration was detected by O.D.₆₆₀. The Final colonies concentration for FACS analysis was set to approximately 1×10⁸CFU/ml. For negative control (no NR), colonies from 0 sec treatment (control) were washed twice in PBS, incubated for 30 min at 4° C. and washed twice again. Analysis was carried out immediately after the staining by Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) (BD FACSAria™ II cell sorter). Fluorescence was detected with an excitation wavelength of 530 nm and an emission wavelength of 575 nm.
FIGS. 27A-27G show the fluorescence intensity of Rhodococcus Sp exposed to 0, 5, 10, and 20 sec of UV light (FIG. 27B, FIG. 27C, FIG. 27D and FIG. 27E respectively). A legend is shown in FIG. 27A. Exposure for 5 sec (FIG. 27C) increased the population that contains high lipid compared to the control (FIG. 27B) while exposure for 10 and 20 second negatively affected the lipid content (FIG. 27D and FIG. 27E respectively). FACS analysis of untreated cells (negative control; no Nile Red staining and no UV exposure) (FIG. 27F) indicated that Rhodococcus Sp autofluorescence does not overlap with Nile Red staining.
As shown in FIG. 27G, 100,000 mutants of Rhodococcus Sp with increased lipid content (100% to 115%) from 5 sec UV mutagenesis treatment (P3; purple) were selected by comparison to the untreated population (P2; orange). Negative control (no Nile Red staining and no UV exposure) is indicated in green.

Microorganism Transformation

Transformation of Rhodococci was carried out using the plasmids pSeqCO1 and pVer1 (FIG. 12) as described below.
Rhodococci competent cells were prepared by incubating a single colony 2 ml NB medium (5 g/L peptone, 1 g/L meat extract, 2 g/L yeast extract, 5 g/L NaCl; pH=7.0±0.2) at 30° C. overnight. One ml was inoculated to 50 ml NB medium supplemented with 0.85% (w/v) glycine and 1% (w/v) sucrose in a 250 ml baffled Erlenmeyer Flask and incubated to a cell density of O.D₆₀₀=0.5. Cells were collected by centrifugation at 3,000×g for 10 min at 4° C. and washed 3 times with 50 ml (each) of sterile ice-cold double distilled water (ddH₂O). Cells were concentrated 20-fold by re-suspending the collected cells in 2.5 ml of ddH₂O and 400 μl aliquots stored in 1.5 ml tube at −70° C. Electroporation was carried out by thawing the competent cells on ice and mixing with the plasmid DNA (final concentration 0.1-0.25 μg/ml). The competent cells and plasmid DNA mixture was incubated at 40° C. for 5 min, transferred into 0.2 cm width and electroporated using a single-pulse electroporation (10 kV/cm, 600Ω, 25 μF and 3-5 ms pulse time). The pulsed cells were regenerated at 30° C. for 4 h (DSM 44193) and 6 h (DSM 43205) in the presence of 600 μl NB. Transformants were selected after cultivation for 3-4 days at 30° C. on NB-agar plate containing kanamycin (75 μg/ml). As shown in FIG. 12, the plasmids pSeqCO1 and pVer1 confer resistance to kanamycin (75 μg/ml) in transformed R. opacus strains (44193 and 43205). Untransformed R. opacus strains (44193 and 43205) (NC) were sensitive to the concentration described above.
Transformation of genus cupriavidus was carried out using the plasmids pSeqCO2 (FIG. 12) as described below.
Cupriavidus necator (DSM531) competent cells were prepared by incubating a single colony in 5 ml NR medium (10 g/l polypeptone, 10 g/l yeast extract, 5 g/l beef extract and 5 g/l ammonium sulfate; pH 7.0) at 30° C. overnight. The pre-culture was inoculated into 100 ml of fresh NR medium and incubated to a cell density of O.D₆₀₀=0.8. Cells were collected by centrifugation at 3,000×g for 10 min at 4° C. and washed 3 times with 50 ml (each) of sterile ice-cold ddH₂O. The collected cells were re-suspended in 400 μl of 100/(v/v) sterile glycerol in sterile ice-cold ddH₂O and stored in 50 μl aliquots at −70° C.
For electroporation, the competent cells were thawed on ice, transferred into 0.2 cm width of ice cold cuvette and gently mixed with 1 μg of plasmid DNA. Cells were electroporated using a single-pulse electroporation (11.5 kV/cm, 25 ρF and 5 ms pulse time). The pulsed cells were transferred into 1 ml of fresh NR medium and culture for 2 h at 30° C. Transformants were selected after cultivation for 48 h at 30° C. on NR-agar plate containing kanamycin (200 μg/ml). As shown in FIG. 12, the plasmid pSeqCO2 confers resistance to kanamycin (200 μg/ml) in transformed Cupriavidus necator (DSM531). Untransformed Cupriavidus necator (DSM531) cells (NC) were sensitive to the concentration described above.

Inoculation and Growth Conditions

Organisms from the genus Rhodococcus and from the genus Cupriavidus were tested for their ability to grow on different carbon sources (FIG. 5). Colonies from strains grown on LB agar plates at 30° C. were transferred into flasks containing 10% (v/v) of the indicated media for 3-20 days at 30° C. and 250 rpm. R. opacus strain DSM 44193 exhibited growth only under heterotrophic growth conditions as measured by optical density (OD) at 650 nm on MSM medium (1 L Medium A:9 g Na₂HPO₄12H₂O, 1.5 g H₂PO₄, 1.0 g NH₄Cl and 0.2 g MgSO₄.7H₂O per 1 L; 10 ml Medium B:50 mg Ferric ammonium citrate and 100 mg CaCl₂) per 100 ml; 10 ml Medium C:5 g NaHCO₃per 100 ml; and 1 ml Trace Mineral Solution:100 mg ZnSO₄.7H₂O, 30 mg MnCl₂. 4H₂O, 300 mg H₃BO₃, 200 mg COCL₂.6H₂O, 10 mg CuCl₂.2H₂O, 20 mg NiCl₂.6H₂O and 30 mg Na₂MoO₄.2H₂O per 1 L) supplemented with 40 g/L glucose. R. opacus strain DSM 43205 showed identical growth rates under heterotrophic conditions reaching O.D=9.0. Strain DSM 43205 was also able to grow on chemoautotrophic conditions (MSM medium supplemented with 66.7% H₂, 9.5% CO₂, 5% O₂and 18.8% N₂) and heterotrophically on a single carbon compound as the solely carbon source (MSM medium supplemented with 25 g/l methanol). Rhodococcus sp. (DSM 3346) exhibited growth under heterotrophic conditions and chemoautotrophic conditions (DSMZ Medium 81: 1 L of Mineral Medium for chemolithotrophic growth: 2.9 g Na₂HPO₄.2H₂O, 2.3 g KH₂PO₄, 1.0 g NH₄Cl, 0.5 g MgSO₄.7H₂O, 0.5 g NaHCO₃, 0.01 g CaCl.2H₂O and 0.05 g Fe(NH₄) citrate per 1 L; and 5 ml Trace Mineral Solution, supplemented with 80% H₂, 10% CO₂and 10% O₂). Cupriavidus necator (DSM 531) was able to grow under heterotrophic and chemoautotrophic conditions (media described for Strain DSM 43205) (FIG. 5 and FIG. 28). Cupriavidus necator (DSM 531) transformed with pSeqCO2 was able to grow on LB media supplemented with 300 400 and 500 μg/ml kanamycin exhibiting O.D₆₀₀of 1.47, 1.52 and 1.51 respectively (FIG. 13). Untransformed cells exhibited growth on control (LB only) and some growth on 300 μg/ml kanamycin while no growth was detected on 400 and 500 μg/ml kanamycin.

Example 2: Lipid Profiles, Production of Fatty Acid

Under heterotrophic growth conditions strains DSM 44193, DSM 43205, DSM 3346 and DSM 531 produce lipid (FIG. 6). Lipid content determined by gas chromatography analysis of cells harvested after 72 hr (unless otherwise indicated) showed over 19% of cellular dry matter (CDM) determined gravimetrically for strains DSM 44193, DSM 43205 and DSM 3346. The lipid content of DSM 43205 was higher than 10% of under chemoautotrophic conditions. Under heterotrophic growth conditions DSM 44193 produces 32%, 26% and 21% of 16, 17 and 18-carbon fatty acid respectively (FIG. 7). DSM43205 produces similar amounts of 16, 17 and 18-carbon fatty acid (30%, 24% and 32% respectively) (FIG. 8A). Chemoautotrophic growth condition significantly reduces the 17-carbon fatty acid abundance (6%) and maintains similar levels of 16 and 18-carbon fatty acid (36% and 27% respectively) (FIG. 8B). DSM3346 exhibits similar fatty acid distribution of 16, 17 and 18-carbon fatty acid (39%, 24% and 25% respectively) (FIG. 9A) under heterotrophic growth. Chemoautotrophic growth condition significantly increases the 16-carbon fatty acid levels (66%) and reduces the 17 and 18-carbon fatty acid levels (4%, 14%) (FIG. 9B).

Example 3: Production of Alkanes

To redirect carbon flux from fatty acid toward alkanes biosynthesis, the genes Fatty acyl-CoA/Fatty acyl-ACP reductase (FadR) and Fatty aldehyde decarbonylase (FAD) from the decarbonylation pathway of cyanobacteria (indicated in red) were expressed in Cupriavidus necator (DSM 531) (FIG. 19).
The plasmid pSeqCO2::FUEL (FIG. 20) described in the text was introduced into Cupriavidus necator (DSM 531) as described above and 2 independent transformants (Cn-FUEL2.1 and Cn-FUEL2.2) were selected. One hundred ml of Cn-FUEL2.1, Cn-FUEL2.2 and control cells (empty plasmid: Cn-P) were incubated on LB medium with 400 μg/ml kanamycin for 30 hr. Cells were harvested at 3,000×g for 10 min at 4° C. and pellet was analyzed by GC/MS. Cn-FUEL2.1 (FIG. 21A) and Cn-FUEL2.2 showed a specific peak at 45.00 min compared to control Cn-P (FIG. 21B) indicating the presence of hydrocarbons in the engineered strains. Cn-FUEL2.1, Cn-FUEL2.2 produced high levels (over 2%) of unique molecules such as: Spiro[4.5]decane, Bicyclo[10.8.0]eicosane, cis,cis-1,6-Dimethylspiro[4.5]decane, 1,19-Eicosadiene, Cyclooctacosane, Bicyclo[10.8.0]eicosane, 1-Pentadecyne, 1-Pentadecyne, Heptacosyl acetate, 5-Cyclohexyl-1-pentene, 1-Hexadecyne and Cyclodecacyclotetradecene, -eicosahydro (FIG. 22).
The effect of the production of alkanes on fatty acid distribution is shown in FIG. 23. The fatty acids profile of 2 independent control experiments (Cn-P) shows predominantly 16-carbon (63% and 61%) and 18-carbon (33% and 32%) fatty acids. In contrast, Cn-FUEL2.1 and Cn-FUEL2.2 exhibit significantly lower levels of 16-carbon (29%, 33% respectively) and 18-carbon (3% and 2% respectively) fatty acids. Cn-FUEL2. land Cn-FUEL2.2 show a significant increase in the 15-carbon fatty acid (50% and 45% respectively) compared to 0.08% and 0.09% in the control strains Cn-P.
The formation of alkanes in Cupriavidus necator was demonstrated by the expression of fatty acyl-CoA reductases (FAR) genes. The Arabidopsis genes FAR1 (SEQ ID: 05), FAR2 (SEQ ID: 06) and FAR3 (SEQ ID: 07) were cloned into pSeqCO2 plasmid using the indicated restriction sites to give pSeqCO2::FAR1 and pSeqCO2::FAR2 respectively (FIG. 16). pSeqCO2::FAR1 and pSeqCO2::FAR2 and control (pSeqCO2, empty plasmid) were introduced into Cupriavidus necator (DSM 531) as described in the text. One hundred ml of transformants of pSeqCO2::FAR1 (Cn-F1), pSeqCO2::FAR2 (Cn-F2) and control cells (empty plasmid: Cn-P) were incubated on LB medium with 400 g/ml kanamycin for 30 hr. Cells were harvested at 3,000×g for 10 min at 4° C. and pellet was analyzed by GC. Cn-F1 and Cn-F2 produced cyclotetradecane compared to control Cn-P (FIG. 29) indicating the presence of alkanes in the engineered strains. It is believed, without the present invention being limited to any particular theory, that cyclotetradecane is produced within Cupriavidus necator from a C14 fatty alcohol intermediate, that results from the introduction and expression of the FAR gene in Cupriavidus necator. The absence of cyclotetradecane in Cn-P is thought to be due to the lack of FAR gene and hence lack of C14 fatty alcohol intermediate in Cupriavidus necator, without the present invention being limited to any particular theory.

Example 4: Purification of Alkanes

To produce alkanes in bacteria, genes from the decarbonylation pathway of cyanobacteria, including but not limited to, the FadR (SEQ ID: 08) and FAD (SEQ ID: 09) genes are cloned into pVer2 (SEQ ID: 04) to give pVer2::FUEL. Bacteria, including but not limited to, R. opacus strain (DSM43205) are transformed with the plasmid pVer2::FUEL by electroporation and grown in 100 ml LB medium supplemented with 75 μg/ml kanamycin for 30 hr. The cells (2×50 ml) are harvested at 3,000×g for 10 min at 4° C. and the pellet and the supernatant are further analyzed. Analysis of alkanes from the cell pellet is carried out in 25 mm×150 mm glass tube in the presence of 50 μL of Eicosane standard (approx 200 μg/ml) and 50 μl lipid standard (˜200 ug/ml). The pellet is extracted with 5 mL chloroform, 10 ml methanol, 4 ml phosphate buffer (phosphate buffer reagent: 50 mM, pH 7.4, 8.7 g K₂HPO₄in 1 L water, and about 2.5 ml 6N HCl to adjust pH=7.4, and 50 ml chloroform per 1 L buffer). The mixture is vortexed for 30 sec, sonicated for 2 min and incubated in dark for at least 3 hr. Phases are separated in the presence of 5 mL chloroform and 5 ml ddH₂O, vortexed and spun down 2000 rpm for 1 min. The bottom layer is transferred with a glass Pasteur pipette to clean 16 mm×125 mm glass tube with Teflon-lined screw top and dried under N2. The dried extract is re-suspended in hexane and analyzed by Gas Chromatography for the presence of hydrocarbons, including but not limited to 1-Hexadecyne.

Example 5: Purification of Fatty Alcohols

To produce fatty alcohols in bacteria, the fatty acyl-CoA reductases (FARs) that catalyze the formation of a fatty alcohol from an acyl-CoA, including but not limited to the FAR1 gene (SEQ ID: 05) are cloned into pVer2 (SEQ ID: 04) to give pVer2::FAR1. Bacteria including but not limited to R. opacus strain (DSM43205) are transformed with the plasmid pVer2::FAR1 by electroporation, grown in 100 ml LB medium supplemented with 75 μg/ml kanamycin for 30 hr. The cells (2×50 ml) are harvested at 3,000×g for 10 min at 4° C. and the pellet and the supernatant are further analyzed. Analysis of fatty alcohols from the cell pellet is carried out in 1.5 ml eppendorf tube in the presence of 50 μl pure HCl and 500 μl ethyl acetate (EtAc). The mixture is vortexed for 10 sec and spun down at max speed for 1 min. The EtAc (top) layer is recovered and transferred to a glass GC vial. The sample is derivatized by adding 100 μl of MeOH:HCl (9:1) to the EtAc extract and mixing. About 50-100 μl of TMS-diazomethane (2M in hexanes) is mixed and incubated for 10-15 min. Aliquots of 50p are analyzed by Gas Chromatography—Flame Ionization Detector (GC-FID) for the presence of alkanes, including but not limited to 1-tetradecanol.

Example 6: Purification of Fatty Acids

To modify the fatty acid distribution in bacteria, thioesterases that regulate the fatty acid chain length, including but not limited to the YP_002784058.1 gene are cloned into pVer2 (SEQ ID: 04) to give pVer2::TE. Bacteria, including but not limited to, R. opacus strain (DSM43205) are transformed with the plasmid pVer2::TE by electroporation and grown in 100 ml LB medium supplemented with 75 μg/ml kanamycin for 30 hr. The cells (2×50 ml) are harvested at 3,000×g for 10 min at 4° C. and the pellet and the supernatant are further analyzed. Analysis of fatty acids from the cell pellet is carried out in 25 mm×150 mm glass tube in the presence of 50 μL of Eicosane standard (approx 200 μg/mL) and 50 μL lipid standard (˜200 ug/ml). The pellet is extracted with 5 ml chloroform, 10 ml methanol, 4 ml phosphate buffer (phosphate buffer reagent: 50 mM, pH 7.4, 8.7 g K₂HPO₄in 1 L water, and about 2.5 mL 6N HCl to adjust pH=7.4, and 50 ml chloroform per 1 L buffer). The mixture is vortexed for 30 sec, sonicated for 2 min and incubated in dark for at least 3 hr. Phases are separated in the presence of 5 ml chloroform and 5 ml ddH₂O, vortexed and spun down 2000 rpm for 1 min. The bottom layer is transferred with a glass Pasteur pipette to clean 16 mm×125 mm glass tube with Teflon-lined screw top and dried under N2. The dried extract is re-suspended 1.5 ml of a 10:1:1 mixture of Methanol:CHCl3:concentrated HCl, vortexed and incubated in 60° C. for 14-16 hr (overnight). The extracts are cooled and 2 ml of ddH₂O and 2 ml of hexane are added, vortexed and centrifuged for 5 min at 2000 rpm for phase separation. The top hexane layer is transferred to clean 16 mm tube. Additional two hexane extraction (vortex, centrifugation and phase separation) is carried out in the extract tube. The hexane extracts are dried in a GC vial and analyzed by Gas Chromatography for the presence of fatty acids, including but not limited to dodecanoic acid.
Dicarboxylic Acids with Targeted Chain Length.
Bacteria from the suborder corynebacterineae or the family burkholderiaceae are genetically engineered to express thioesterases which yield different length fatty acids. For example, non-limiting embodiments include the YP_002784058.1 gene discussed above or:


UniProt Entry	Protein name	Organism	C length

FATB_GOSHI	Myristoyl-acyl carrier	Gossypium	16:0
	protein thioesterase	hirsutum
FATB_UMBCA	Lauroyl-acyl carrier	Umbelliularia	12:0
	protein thioesterase	californica
FATB_CINCA	Myristoyl-acyl carrier	Cinnamomum	14:0
	protein thioesterase	camphora
FATA_CORSA	Oleoyl-acyl carrier	Coriandrum	18:0
	protein thioesterase	sativum
FATB_CUPHO	Myristyl-acyl carrier	Cyphea	16:0
	protein thioesterase	hookeriana

Thioesterases generating shorter chain fatty acids (e.g., C10:0 or C12:0) are identified and incorporated into the bacteria from the suborder corynebacterineae and the family burkholderiaceae.
The resulting lipids are extracted and provided as the sole source of carbon to a culture of Candida tropicalis ATCC 20336, which contains the relevant enzymatic pathways to produce the alpha, omega-dicarboxylic acids. Dicarboxylic acid end products are identified and purified from the second culture.
Also, the cytochrome P450 pathway from Candida tropicalis is engineered into a host strain, including the CYP52A genes with NADPH cytochrome P450 reductase to generate dicarboxylic acid from the fatty acids. Craft et al. have identified genes for generation of alpha, omega-dicarboxylic acids in Candida tropicalis: CYP52A13, CYP52A14, CYP52A17, CYP52A18, and CYP52A12 along with the corresponding reductase (Craft 2003).
A single culture is performed, which generates appropriate length fatty acids, then modified to attach a second carboxylic acid.

Dicarboxylic Acids.

The hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus is cultured in order to generate the dicarboxylic acids described in Carballeira et al. (Carballeira 1997). Genetic machinery for generating these dicarboxylic acids is determined, and the P. furiosus genome is compared with bacteria from the suborder corynebacterineae and the family burkholderiaceae genomes. The relevant genetic modules are moved from P. furiosus into bacteria from the suborder corynebacterineae and the family burkholderiaceae in order to post-process lipids into dicarboxylic acids. This can be combined with genes which produce shorter fatty acids through the appropriate thioesterases.

Hydroxy-Acids

For generating omega-hydroxylated fatty acids, vicia sativa P450-dependent fatty acid omega hydroxylase is incorporated into bacteria from the suborder corynebacterineae and the family burkholderiaceae cell line. This enzyme hydroxylates myristic acid (C14), lauric acid (C12), palmitic acid (C16), but not oleic acid (C18).
For generating in-chain hydroxylated fatty acids, CYP81B1 (H. tuberosus) or CYP709C1 (unknown) fatty acid hydroxylases are incorporated into bacteria from the suborder corynebacterineae and the family burkholderiaceae cell line. The CYP81B1 enzyme omega-1 and omega-5 mono-hydroxylates capric (C10:0), lauric (C12:0), and myristic (C14:0) (Pompon 1996). The CYP709C1 gene hydroxylates the omega-1 and omega-2 positions independent of chain length (Kandel 2005).

Example 7: Hydroxylation of Octadecanoic Acid to Produce 12-Hydroxy Octadecanoic Acid, Also Known as 12-Hydroxy Stearic Acid or 12-HSA

The Physaria lindheimeri oleate 12-hydroxylase ABQ01458.1 GI: 146141441 can convert 9,12-octadecadienoic acid or the cis-9-cotadecenoic acid or trans-9 octadecanoic acid or octadecanoic acid (made by production strains) to 12-HSA, which is fully saturated and a hydroxyl group at the C12 position.
Octadecanoic acid is one modification away from 12-HSA. With a specialized enzyme, which adds a hydroxyl group to position 12, one can produce the 12-HSA product. Physaria lindheimeri, produces an oleate 12-hydroxylase ABQ01458.1 GI: 146141441 (Dauk 2007) that is known to hydroxylate the 12-position.
A Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) of protein sequence against the NCBI nr database (All non-redundant GenBank CDS translations+PDB+SwissProt+PIR+PRF excluding environmental samples from WGS projects) yielded multiple hits against the 12-hydroxylase sequence itself (ABQ01458.1), and some bifunctional 12-hydroxylase/desaturases from Physaria of 91% identity. The closest related sequences beyond that are in the 80% range against Capsellsa rubells, lepidium campestre, and Arabidopsis lyurata.
The 12-hydroxylase gene from Physaria lindheimeri is synthesized, transfected and expressed in chemoautotrophic production strains described herein and the presence of 12-HSA is investigated.

Example 8: Hydroxylation of Octadecanoic Acid, cis-6-octadecanoic acid, or cis-6, cis-9-octadecanoic Acid to Produce Ricinoleic Acid or (9Z,12R)-12-Hydroxyoctadec-9-enoic acid or R12-Hydroxy-9-cis-octadecenoic acid

The Ricinus communis oleate 12-hydroxylase can convert 9,12-octadecadienoic acid or the cis-9-cotadecenoic acid or trans-9 octadecanoic acid or octadecanoic acid (made by production strains) to ricinoleic acid, which has a double bond at C9 and a hydroxyl group at the C12 position.
“In castor (Ricinus communis), where ricinoleic acid can account for up to 90% of the total fatty acids in seeds, biosynthesis of this fatty acid involves a membrane bound fatty acid hydroxylase-catalyzing hydroxylation at position 12 of oleic acid esterified to the sn-2 position of phosphatidylcholine, using cytochrome b5 and NADH as cofactors.” (Meesapyodsuk 2008).
Van de Loo et al. (van de Loo 1995) isolated oleate 12-hydroxylase genes from Ricinus communis. A search of Genbank for other genes annotated as such yield:
gi|722350|gb|U22378.1|RCU22378 Ricinus communis oleate 12-hydroxylase mRNA, complete cds
gi|187940238|gb|EU523112.1| Ricinus communis oleate 12-hydroxylase (FAH12) mRNA,
gi|255574427|ref|XM_002528081.1| Ricinus communis oleate 12-hydroxylase, mRNA
Also found is an adjunct protein, which putatively binds the 12-hydroxylase enzymes (Cellini JP 2002543842-A 2002) (Cellini WO 0070052-A4 2000).
gi|33080346|dbj|BD270578.1| Ricinus communis-origin gene encoding novel protein interacting with oleate 12-hydroxylase]
gi|33080345|dbj|BD270577.1| Ricinus communis-origin gene encoding novel protein interacting with oleate 12-hydroxylase
gi|33080344|dbj|BD270576.1| Ricinus communis-origin gene encoding novel protein interacting with oleate 12-hydroxylase

Example 9: Hydroxylation of Oleic Acid with Oleate Hydroxylase from Fungus, Claviceps purpurea

The fatty acid hydroxylase gene GenBank: ACF37070.1 from Claviceps purpurea (Meesapyodsuk 2008) (Meesapyodsuk U.S. Pat. No. 8,003,853 2011) (Meesapyodsuk U.S. Pat. No. 7,923,598) contains both an oleate 12-hydroxylase and an omega-6 fatty acid desaturase. According to Meesapyodsuk and Qiu, biosynthesis of this fatty acid in C. purpurea involves a hydration process with linoleic acid as the substrate. Furthermore, their data indicate the biosynthesis of ricinoleic acid in C. purpurea is catalyzed by the fungal desaturase-like hydroxylase.

Example 10: Production of 12-HSA Using Other Plant Hydroxylases

More limited plants families (e.g., Ricinus communis) produce ricinoleic acid (D-12-hydroxyoctadec-cis-8-enoic acid) via oleoyl-12-hydroxylase (McKeon 2007) (an oleate hydroxylase) close in sequence homology to oleate desaturases. These hydroxylases do not appear in the ThYme database. They act on free C18 fatty acids, not TAGs.

Other Fatty Acid 12-Hydroxylases

An array of relevant P450 genes is expressed in order to determine hydroxylation in production strains. (FIG. 33.)

Example 11: Hydroxy-Acids (Omega Hydroxylation with P450-Dependent Fatty Acid Hydroxylases

For generating omega-hydroxylated fatty acids, Vicia sativa P450-dependent fatty acid omega hydroxylase is incorporated into bacteria from the suborder corynebacterineae and the family burkholderiaceae cell line. This enzyme hydroxylates myristic acid (C14), lauric acid (C12), palmitic acid (C16), but not oleic acid (C18). Genes related to Vicia sativa P450 omega hydroxylases can also be incorporated; see FIG. 34 from BLAST runs below.
Vicia sativa contains a documented full P450-dependent fatty acid omega hydroxylase (Le Bouquin, 1999).
According to Le Bouquin et al., the hydroxylase in S. cerevisiae:

- a. Hydroxylates myristic acid (C14)
- b. Hydroxylates lauric acid (C12)
- c. Hydroxylates palmitic acid (C16)
- d. No hydroxylation of oleic acid (C18)
  “ . . . only cytochrome P450 enzymes have been demonstrated to catalyze hydroxylation at the end of the aliphatic chain, i.e. at the omega-, (omega-1) and (omega-2) positions of saturated and unsaturated FAs of various chain lengths.
  There is no cross talk of C94A1_VICSA with hydroxylation of non-FA substrates.
  Comparison of Vicia sativa P450 to other sequences:
- a. BLASTP P98188.1→>100 hits with 4e-123; hits Ricinus communis: NCBI “Blast/sp|P98188.1| (513 letters).pdf”
- b. Refining BLAST to only Ricinus→˜50 hits with <43-7×. All appear to be putative P450 genes.
  Hydroxy-Acids (Omega Hydroxylation with P450-Dependent Fatty Acid Hydroxylases).

For generating omega-hydroxylated fatty acids, one of the P450-dependent fatty acid omega hydroxylase described herein (see FIG. 35) is incorporated into bacteria from the suborder corynebacterineae and the family burkholderiaceae cell line.
Kandel et al. review hydroxylation reactions/enzymes, providing cytochrome P450-dependent fatty acid hydroxylases in plants (Kandel_2006).
Hydroxy-Acids (in-Chain Hydroxylation).
For generating in-chain hydroxylated fatty acids, CYP81B1 (H. tuberosus) or CYP709C1 (unknown) fatty acid hydroxylases are incorporated into bacteria from the suborder corynebacterineae and the family burkholderiaceae cell line. The CYP81B1 enzyme omega-1 and omega-5 mono-hydroxylates capric (C10:0), lauric (C12:0), and myristic (C14:0) (Pompon 1996). The CYP709C1 gene hydroxylates the omega-1 and omega-2 positions independent of chain length (Kandel 2005). See FIG. 36.

Example 12: Expression of ACBP in Cupriavidus necator

Bos Taurus (cow) ACBP (SEQ ID: 01) was codon optimized for expression in Cupriavidus and Rhodococci and synthesized with the restriction sites KpnI and SalI (SEQ ID: 02). The resultant gene was cloned into pSeqCO2 (pBBR1MCS-2; Kovach et al. 1995) digested with KpnI and SalI to give pSeqCO2::ACBP (FIG. 41). Cupriavidus necator competent cells were prepared by incubating a single colony in 5 ml NR medium (10 g/l polypeptone, 10 g/l yeast extract, 5 g/l beef extract and 5 g/l ammonium sulfate; pH 7.0) at 30° C. overnight. The pre-culture was inoculated into 100 ml of fresh NR medium and incubated to a cell density of O.D₆₀₀=0.8. Cells were collected by centrifugation at 3,000×G for 10 min at 4° C. and washed 3 times with 50 ml (each) of sterile ice-cold ddH₂O. The collected cells were re-suspended in 400 μl of 10% (v/v) sterile glycerol in sterile ice-cold ddH₂O and stored in 50 μl aliquots at −80° C.
For electroporation, the competent cells were thawed on ice, transferred into 0.2 cm width of ice-cold cuvette and gently mixed with 1 μg of plasmid DNA. Cells were electroporated using a single-pulse electroporation (11.5 kV/cm, 25 μF and 5 ms pulse time). The pulsed cells were transferred into 1 ml of fresh NR medium and culture for 2 h at 30° C. Transformants were selected after cultivation for 48 h at 30° C. on NR-agar plate containing kanamycin (200 μg/ml).
For fatty acid analysis, transformants were grown in 100 ml LB media supplemented with 400 μg/ml kanamycin at 30° C., harvested after 48 hr and analyzed by gas chromatography.
Shifting of Fatty Acid Profile to Shorter Chain Lengths Through Expression of Fatty Acyl-CoA Binding Protein from Bovine Exogenous Gene (NP_001106792).
It is hypothesized that expression of the Bos Taurus (cow) gene for the fatty acyl-CoA binding protein will result in a shorter chain fatty acid profile.
As shown in FIG. 39, the expression of a thioesterase (TKO4-TE) reduces production of C18 and C16, resulting in increased production of C12 (from 0% to 3.95%) and C14 (from 1.38% to 6.09%), compared to plasmid control (TKO4-P). The expression of the fatty acyl-CoA carrier protein results in reduced production of C18 and increase production of C12 (from 0% to 1.78%) and C14 (from 1.38% to 4.55%) compared to control.
Sample Sequences from GenBank.
Some organisms have multiple forms of these ACBP proteins. Bos Taurus appears to have a single short-chain form.

gi\|164518978\|ref\|NP_001106792.1\| acyl-CoA-binding protein [Bos
taurus]
SEQID: 15
MSQAEFDKAAEEVKHLKTKPADEEMLFIYSHYKQATVGDINTERPGMLDFKGKAKWDAWNEL
KGTSKEDA MKAYIDKVEELKKKYGI

[BRnote]
gi\|164518977\|ref\|NM_001113321.1\| Bos taurus diazepam binding
inhibitor (GABA receptor modulator, acyl-CoA binding protein)
(DBI), mRNA
SEQ 19
GAGCACCGGTGGAGAGGCCTAAGGTTGCGCTTCTAAAATCGCTGCCAGTTGAGTCTCTTGTG

CTGCTGCTACCTTCTCTTCGCCGCCTCCGCGGGCTTCCTGGAATCTTTGCAACACCGCCGGC

ATGTCTCAGGCTGAGT

TTGACAAAGCTGCTGAGGAAGTTAAGCATCTTAAGACCAAGCCAGCAGATGAGGAGATGCTG

TTCATCTA

CAGCCACTACAAACAAGCAACTGTGGGTGACATAAATACAGAACGTCCTGGAATGTTGGACT

TCAAAGGC

AAGGCCAAGTGGGATGCCTGGAATGAGCTGAAAGGGACTTCTAAAGAAGATGCCATGAAAGC

TTACATTG

ACAAAGTAGAAGAACTAAAGAAAAAATATGGAATATAAGAGACTGAGTTTGGCTGCCAGCCA

TTCATTTC

ACCTAAACTGATTTAATGCCTTGTTTTTCTAATACTGGGGATGAAGTTCATAAATAACTAGC

TAAGCCAGAAGCTCAAGACAGCCCAGGATATGACTAACAGATTAGGAGCTGAAACGGTTACT

AATCCTTGCTGAGTAA

TTTTTATCAGTAGATGAATTAAAAGTATCTTTGTTACTTTACTTCGAT

SEQID: 15: gi\|164518978\|ref\|NP_001106792.1\|acyl-CoA-bindingprotein[Bostaurus]
SEQ ID: 15
MSQAEFDKAAEEVKHLKTKPADEEMLFIYSHYKQATVGDINTERPGMLDFKGKAK

WDAWNELKGTSKEDAMKAYIDKVEELKKKYGI

SEQ ID: 16
GGTACCGGGCCCCCCCTCGAGATGTCCCAGGCCGAGTTCGACAAGGCCGCCGAG

GAAGTTAAGCACCTCAAGACCAAGCCGGCAGACGAGGAGATGCTGTTCATCTAC

TCCCACTACAAGCAGGCAACCGTGGGTGACATCAACACAGAACGGCCCGGCATG

CTCGACTTCAAGGGCAAGGCCAAGTGGGATGCCTGGAATGAGCTGAAAGGGACC

TCCAAAGAAGATGCCATGAAGGCGTACATTGACAAGGTAGAAGAACTCAAGAA

AAAATACGGCATCTAGGTCGAC

The long-form ACBP:
gi\|30794364\|ref\|NP_851381.1\| acyl-CoA-binding domain-containing protein 5 [Bos taurus]
MFQFHAGSWESWCCCCCLIPGDRPWDRGRRWRLEMRHTRSVHETRFEAAVKVIQS

LPKNGSFQPTNEMML

KFYSFYKQATEGPCKLSKPGFWDPVGRYKWDAWSSLGDMTKEEAMIAYVEEMKKI

LETMPMTEKVEELLH

VIGPFYEIVEDKKSGRSSDLTSVRLEKISKCLEDLGNVLASTPNAKTVNGKAESSDSG

AESEEEAAQEDP

KRPEPRDSDKKMMKKSADHKNLEIIVTNGYDKDSFVQGVQNSIHTSPSLNGRCTEEV

KSVDENLEQTGKT

VVFVHQDVNSDHVEDISGIQHLTSDSDSEVYCDSMEQFGQEESLDGFISNNGPFSYYL

GGNPSQPLESSG

FPEAVQGLPGNGSPEDMQGAVVEGKGEVKRGGEDGGSNSGAPHREKRAGESEEFSN

IRRGRGHRMQHLSE

GSKGRQVGSGGDGERWGSDRGSRGSLNEQIALVLMRLQEDMQNVLQRLHKLEMLA

ASQAKSSALQTSNQP

TSPRPSWWPFEMSPGALTFAIIWPFIAQWLVHLYYQRRRRKLN

gi\|31341043\|ref\|NM_181038.2\| Bos taurus acyl-CoA binding domain containing 5 (ACBD5),
mRNA
GAGGAGCTGACCAGCTGCGCTTTGGAGTCCTCCTCCCTTCGGGAATGTTGATCCG

CGGCTGCGCTCCATG

TTTCAGTTTCATGCAGGCTCCTGGGAAAGCTGGTGCTGCTGCTGCTGCCTGATTC

CAGGCGACAGACCTT

GGGACCGCGGCCGGCGCTGGCGGCTGGAGATGCGGCACACGAGATCCGTTCACG

AAACCCGGTTTGAGGC

GGCTGTGAAGGTGATACAGAGCTTGCCGAAAAATGGTTCATTCCAGCCAACAAA

TGAAATGATGCTCAAG

TTCTATAGCTTCTATAAGCAGGCAACTGAAGGACCTTGTAAACTGTCAAAGCCTG

GCTTCTGGGATCCTG

TTGGAAGATACAAATGGGATGCGTGGAGTTCTTTGGGTGATATGACCAAAGAGG

AAGCCATGATTGCTTA

TGTTGAAGAAATGAAAAAGATTCTTGAAACTATGCCGATGACTGAAAAAGTTGA

AGAATTGCTACATGTC

ATTGGTCCATTTTATGAAATTGTAGAAGACAAAAAAAGTGGCAGAAGTTCTGATT

TAACCTCAGTCCGAC

TGGAGAAAATCTCTAAATGCTTAGAAGATCTTGGTAATGTTCTAGCTTCTACTCC

AAATGCCAAAACTGT

TAATGGTAAAGCTGAAAGCAGTGATAGTGGAGCTGAATCTGAGGAAGAAGCAGC

CCAAGAAGACCCGAAA

AGACCAGAACCACGTGATAGCGATAAGAAAATGATGAAGAAATCTGCAGACCAT

AAGAATTTGGAAATCA

TTGTCACTAATGGCTATGATAAAGACAGCTTTGTGCAGGGCGTACAGAATAGCAT

TCATACCAGTCCTTC

CCTGAATGGCCGATGCACTGAGGAAGTAAAATCTGTAGATGAAAACTTGGAGCA

AACTGGAAAAACTGTT

GTCTTCGTTCACCAAGATGTAAACAGTGATCATGTTGAAGATATTTCAGGAATTC

AGCATTTGACAAGTG

ATTCAGACAGTGAAGTTTACTGTGATTCCATGGAGCAATTTGGGCAAGAAGAGTC

TTTAGACGGCTTTAT

ATCAAACAATGGACCATTTTCCTATTACTTGGGTGGTAATCCCAGTCAACCGTTG

GAAAGTTCTGGTTTT

CCTGAAGCTGTTCAAGGACTTCCTGGGAACGGCAGCCCTGAGGACATGCAGGGC

GCAGTGGTTGAAGGCA

AAGGTGAAGTAAAGCGTGGGGGAGAGGACGGCGGGAGTAACAGTGGAGCCCCG

CACCGCGAGAAACGGGC

TGGAGAAAGTGAGGAGTTCTCTAACATTAGGAGAGGGAGAGGGCACAGGATGC

AGCATTTGAGTGAAGGA

AGCAAGGGTCGGCAAGTGGGAAGTGGAGGTGATGGGGAACGCTGGGGTTCGGA

CAGAGGCTCAAGGGGCA

GCCTGAACGAGCAGATCGCGCTTGTGCTCATGCGCCTGCAGGAGGACATGCAGA

ACGTCCTCCAGAGACT

CCACAAACTGGAGATGCTGGCGGCATCACAGGCAAAATCATCAGCATTACAGAC

CAGTAATCAGCCCACT

TCACCGAGACCATCTTGGTGGCCCTTCGAGATGTCTCCTGGTGCATTAACCTTCG

CTATCATATGGCCTT

TTATTGCTCAGTGGTTGGTGCATTTATATTACCAAAGAAGGAGAAGAAAATTGAA

CTAAAGAAAATGACA

TTTTGTTGAAGAAATCTACTGGCCCTGGATAACCTCGGGATGATACCAATTGTGG

AGCTTACACGAGGGA

SEQ ID: 17
Thelong-formACBP: gi\|30794364\|ref\|NP_851381.1\|acyl-CoA-bindingdomain-
containingprotein5 [Bostaurus]
SEQ ID: 17
MFQFHAGSWESWCCCCCLIPGDRPWDRGRRWRLEMRHTRSVHETRFEAAVKVIQS

LPKNGSFQPTNEMML

KFYSFYKQATEGPCKLSKPGFWDPVGRYKWDAWSSLGDMTKEEAMIAYVEEMKKI

LETMPMTEKVEELLH

VIGPFYEIVEDKKSGRSSDLTSVRLEKISKCLEDLGNVLASTPNAKTVNGKAESSDSG

AESEEEAAQEDP

KRPEPRDSDKKMMKKSADHKNLEIIVTNGYDKDSFVQGVQNSIHTSPSLNGRCTEEV

KSVDENLEQTGKT

VVFVHQDVNSDHVEDISGIQHLTSDSDSEVYCDSMEQFGQEESLDGFISNNGPFSYYL

GGNPSQPLESSG

FPEAVQGLPGNGSPEDMQGAVVEGKGEVKRGGEDGGSNSGAPHREKRAGESEEFSN

IRRGRGHRMQHLSE

GSKGRQVGSGGDGERWGSDRGSRGSLNEQIALVLMRLQEDMQNVLQRLHKLEMLA

ASQAKSSALQTSNQP

TSPRPSWWPFEMSPGALTFAIIWPFIAQWLVHLYYQRRRRKLN

SEQ ID: 18
gi\|31341043\|ref\|NM_181038.2\|Bostaurusacyl-CoAbindingdomaincontaining5(ACBD5),mRNA
SEQ ID: 18
GAGGAGCTGACCAGCTGCGCTTTGGAGTCCTCCTCCCTTCGGGAATGTTGATCCG

CGGCTGCGCTCCATG

TTTCAGTTTCATGCAGGCTCCTGGGAAAGCTGGTGCTGCTGCTGCTGCCTGATTC

CAGGCGACAGACCTT

GGGACCGCGGCCGGCGCTGGCGGCTGGAGATGCGGCACACGAGATCCGTTCACG

AAACCCGGTTTGAGGC

GGCTGTGAAGGTGATACAGAGCTTGCCGAAAAATGGTTCATTCCAGCCAACAAA

TGAAATGATGCTCAAG

TTCTATAGCTTCTATAAGCAGGCAACTGAAGGACCTTGTAAACTGTCAAAGCCTG

GCTTCTGGGATCCTG

TTGGAAGATACAAATGGGATGCGTGGAGTTCTTTGGGTGATATGACCAAAGAGG

AAGCCATGATTGCTTA

TGTTGAAGAAATGAAAAAGATTCTTGAAACTATGCCGATGACTGAAAAAGTTGA

AGAATTGCTACATGTC

ATTGGTCCATTTTATGAAATTGTAGAAGACAAAAAAAGTGGCAGAAGTTCTGATT

TAACCTCAGTCCGAC

TGGAGAAAATCTCTAAATGCTTAGAAGATCTTGGTAATGTTCTAGCTTCTACTCC

AAATGCCAAAACTGT

TAATGGTAAAGCTGAAAGCAGTGATAGTGGAGCTGAATCTGAGGAAGAAGCAGC

CCAAGAAGACCCGAAA

AGACCAGAACCACGTGATAGCGATAAGAAAATGATGAAGAAATCTGCAGACCAT

AAGAATTTGGAAATCA

TTGTCACTAATGGCTATGATAAAGACAGCTTTGTGCAGGGCGTACAGAATAGCAT

TCATACCAGTCCTTC

CCTGAATGGCCGATGCACTGAGGAAGTAAAATCTGTAGATGAAAACTTGGAGCA

AACTGGAAAAACTGTT

GTCTTCGTTCACCAAGATGTAAACAGTGATCATGTTGAAGATATTTCAGGAATTC

AGCATTTGACAAGTG

ATTCAGACAGTGAAGTTTACTGTGATTCCATGGAGCAATTTGGGCAAGAAGAGTC

TTTAGACGGCTTTAT

ATCAAACAATGGACCATTTTCCTATTACTTGGGTGGTAATCCCAGTCAACCGTTG

GAAAGTTCTGGTTTT

CCTGAAGCTGTTCAAGGACTTCCTGGGAACGGCAGCCCTGAGGACATGCAGGGC

GCAGTGGTTGAAGGCA

AAGGTGAAGTAAAGCGTGGGGGAGAGGACGGCGGGAGTAACAGTGGAGCCCCG

CACCGCGAGAAACGGGC

TGGAGAAAGTGAGGAGTTCTCTAACATTAGGAGAGGGAGAGGGCACAGGATGC

AGCATTTGAGTGAAGGA

AGCAAGGGTCGGCAAGTGGGAAGTGGAGGTGATGGGGAACGCTGGGGTTCGGA

CAGAGGCTCAAGGGGCA

GCCTGAACGAGCAGATCGCGCTTGTGCTCATGCGCCTGCAGGAGGACATGCAGA

ACGTCCTCCAGAGACT

CCACAAACTGGAGATGCTGGCGGCATCACAGGCAAAATCATCAGCATTACAGAC

CAGTAATCAGCCCACT

TCACCGAGACCATCTTGGTGGCCCTTCGAGATGTCTCCTGGTGCATTAACCTTCG

CTATCATATGGCCTT

TTATTGCTCAGTGGTTGGTGCATTTATATTACCAAAGAAGGAGAAGAAAATTGAA

CTAAAGAAAATGACA

TTTTGTTGAAGAAATCTACTGGCCCTGGATAACCTCGGGATGATACCAATTGTGG

AGCTTACACGAGGGA

Specific preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described here in sufficient detail to enable those skilled in the art to practice the full scope of invention. However it is to be understood that many possible variations of the present invention, which have not been specifically described, still fall within the scope of the present invention and the appended claims. Hence these descriptions given herein are added only by way of example and are not intended to limit, in any way, the scope of this invention. More generally, those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that all parameters, dimensions, materials, and configurations described herein are meant to be exemplary and that the actual parameters, dimensions, materials, and/or configurations will depend upon the specific application or applications for which the teachings of the present invention is/are used. Those skilled in the art will recognize, or be able to ascertain using no more than routine experimentation, many equivalents to the specific embodiments of the invention described herein. It is, therefore, to be understood that the foregoing embodiments are presented by way of example only and that, within the scope of the appended claims and equivalents thereto, the invention may be practiced otherwise than as specifically described and claimed. The present invention is directed to each individual feature, system, article, material, kit, and/or method described herein. In addition, any combination of two or more such features, systems, articles, materials, kits, and/or methods, if such features, systems, articles, materials, kits, and/or methods are not mutually inconsistent, is included within the scope of the present invention.
The indefinite articles “a” and “an,” as used herein in the specification and in the claims, unless clearly indicated to the contrary, should be understood to mean “at least one.”
The phrase “and/or,” as used herein in the specification and in the claims, should be understood to mean “either or both” of the elements so conjoined, i.e., elements that are conjunctively present in some cases and disjunctively present in other cases. Other elements may optionally be present other than the elements specifically identified by the “and/or” clause, whether related or unrelated to those elements specifically identified unless clearly indicated to the contrary. Thus, as a non-limiting example, a reference to “A and/or B,” when used in conjunction with open-ended language such as “comprising” can refer, in one embodiment, to A without B (optionally including elements other than B); in another embodiment, to B without A (optionally including elements other than A); in yet another embodiment, to both A and B (optionally including other elements); etc.
As used herein in the specification and in the claims, “or” should be understood to have the same meaning as “and/or” as defined above. For example, when separating items in a list, “or” or “and/or” shall be interpreted as being inclusive, i.e., the inclusion of at least one, but also including more than one, of a number or list of elements, and, optionally, additional unlisted items. Only terms clearly indicated to the contrary, such as “only one of” or “exactly one of,” or, when used in the claims, “consisting of,” will refer to the inclusion of exactly one element of a number or list of elements. In general, the term “or” as used herein shall only be interpreted as indicating exclusive alternatives (i.e. “one or the other but not both”) when preceded by terms of exclusivity, such as “either,” “one of,” “only one of,” or “exactly one of.” “Consisting essentially of,” when used in the claims, shall have its ordinary meaning as used in the field of patent law.
In the claims, as well as in the specification above, all transitional phrases such as “comprising,” “including,” “carrying,” “having,” “containing,” “involving,” “holding,” and the like are to be understood to be open-ended, i.e., to mean including but not limited to. Only the transitional phrases “consisting of” and “consisting essentially of” shall be closed or semi-closed transitional phrases, respectively.

Claims

What is claimed is:

1. A bacterial cell of the genus Cupriavidus, Xanthobacter, Hydrogenobacter, or Hydrogenovibrio comprising at least a first exogenous nucleic acid sequence, wherein the cell converts gaseous CO₂and/or gaseous H₂and/or syngas into one or more lipids or hydrocarbons.

2.-99. (canceled)

100. The bacterial cell of claim 1, wherein the first exogenous nucleic acid sequence encodes a fatty acyl-CoA binding protein.

101. The bacterial cell of claim 100, further comprising a second exogenous nucleic acid sequence encoding a thioesterase.

102. The bacterial cell of claim 1, wherein the bacterial cell is a knallgas microorganism.

103. The bacterial cell of claim 1, wherein the bacterial cell is a chemoautrophic microorganism.

104. The bacterial cell of claim 103, wherein the bacterial cell is a hydrogen-oxidizing chemoautotroph.

105. The bacterial cell of claim 1, wherein the bacterial cell is capable of growing on syngas as the sole energy and carbon source.

106. The bacterial cell of claim 1, wherein the bacterial cell produces and/or secretes lipids in a quantity that is at least 10% of the dry cell mass.

107. The bacterial cell of claim 1, wherein at least 50% of said one or more lipids or hydrocarbons comprise 6 to 30 carbon atoms.

108. The bacterial cell of claim 1, wherein the bacterial cell is a Cupriavidus necator or Cupriavidus metallidurans cell.

109. A method for producing lipids or hydrocarbons, said method comprising culturing a bacterial cell of the genus Cupriavidus, Xanthobacter, Hydrogenobacter, and/or Hydrogenovibrio in a bioreactor or solution with a feedstock comprising syngas and/or gaseous CO₂and/or a mixture comprising gaseous CO₂and H₂,

wherein the bacterial cell comprises at least a first exogenous nucleic acid sequence, and

wherein said bacterial cell converts said feedstock into one or more lipids or hydrocarbons.

110. The method of claim 109, wherein the first exogenous nucleic acid sequence encodes a fatty acyl-CoA binding protein.

111. The method of claim 110, further comprising a second exogenous nucleic acid sequence encoding a thioesterase.

112. The method of claim 109, wherein the bacterial cell is a knallgas microorganism.

113. The method of claim 109 wherein the bacterial cell is a chemoautrophic microorganism.

114. The method of claim 113, wherein the bacterial cell is a hydrogen-oxidizing chemoautotroph.

115. The method of 109, wherein said feedstock comprises syngas as the sole energy and carbon source.

116. The method of claim 109, wherein said one or more lipids or hydrocarbons are separated from the bioreactor or solution.

117. The method of claim 109 further comprising up-regulating an endogenous or exogenous thioesterase gene of the bacterial cell.

118. The method of claim 109, further comprising down-regulating an endogenous or exogenous thioesterase gene of the bacterial cell.

119. The method of claim 109, further comprising down-regulating an endogenous or exogenous acyl carrier protein gene of the bacterial cell.

120. The method of claim 109, wherein the bacterial cell produces and/or secretes said lipids in a quantity that is at least 10% of the dry cell mass.

121. The method of claim 109 wherein the bacterial cell comprises Cupriavidus necator and/or Cupriavidus metallidurans.