US20190032411A1 - Earth-boring tools including cutting element profiles configured to reduce work rates - Google Patents

Earth-boring tools including cutting element profiles configured to reduce work rates Download PDF

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Publication number
US20190032411A1
US20190032411A1 US16/046,704 US201816046704A US2019032411A1 US 20190032411 A1 US20190032411 A1 US 20190032411A1 US 201816046704 A US201816046704 A US 201816046704A US 2019032411 A1 US2019032411 A1 US 2019032411A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
rotation
axis
earth
profile
boring tool
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Abandoned
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US16/046,704
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English (en)
Inventor
Travis Nissley
Alexander Rodney Boehm
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Baker Hughes Holdings LLC
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Individual
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Priority to US16/046,704 priority Critical patent/US20190032411A1/en
Publication of US20190032411A1 publication Critical patent/US20190032411A1/en
Assigned to BAKER HUGHES HOLDINGS LLC reassignment BAKER HUGHES HOLDINGS LLC CHANGE OF NAME (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: BAKER HUGHES, A GE COMPANY, LLC
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B10/00—Drill bits
    • E21B10/42—Rotary drag type drill bits with teeth, blades or like cutting elements, e.g. fork-type bits, fish tail bits
    • E21B10/43—Rotary drag type drill bits with teeth, blades or like cutting elements, e.g. fork-type bits, fish tail bits characterised by the arrangement of teeth or other cutting elements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B10/00—Drill bits
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B10/00—Drill bits
    • E21B10/42—Rotary drag type drill bits with teeth, blades or like cutting elements, e.g. fork-type bits, fish tail bits
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B10/00—Drill bits
    • E21B10/46—Drill bits characterised by wear resisting parts, e.g. diamond inserts
    • E21B10/54—Drill bits characterised by wear resisting parts, e.g. diamond inserts the bit being of the rotary drag type, e.g. fork-type bits
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B10/00—Drill bits
    • E21B10/46—Drill bits characterised by wear resisting parts, e.g. diamond inserts
    • E21B10/54—Drill bits characterised by wear resisting parts, e.g. diamond inserts the bit being of the rotary drag type, e.g. fork-type bits
    • E21B10/55—Drill bits characterised by wear resisting parts, e.g. diamond inserts the bit being of the rotary drag type, e.g. fork-type bits with preformed cutting elements
    • E21B2010/425—

Definitions

  • This disclosure relates generally to earth-boring tools and methods of making and using earth-boring tools. More specifically, disclosed embodiments relate generally to profile configurations for faces of earth-boring tools that may reduce work rate for cutting elements, reduce bit imbalance, reduce loads borne by cutting elements on at least some selected areas of the bit face, and improve or maintain cutting removal efficiency.
  • Wellbores are formed in subterranean formations for various purposes including, for example, extraction of oil and gas from the subterranean formation and extraction of geothermal heat from the subterranean formation.
  • Wellbores may be formed in a subterranean formation using a drill bit, such as an earth-boring rotary drill bit.
  • a drill bit such as an earth-boring rotary drill bit.
  • Different types of earth-boring rotary drill bits are known in the art, including fixed-cutter bits (which are often referred to in the art as “drag” bits), rolling-cutter bits (which are often referred to in the art as “rock” bits), diamond-impregnated bits, and hybrid bits (which may include, for example, both fixed cutters and rolling cutters).
  • a fixed-cutter drill bit comprises a bit body attached to a shank which will have a threaded portion to connect to the rest of the bottom hole assembly.
  • the bit body will have a crown which contacts the formation to be drilled.
  • nozzle inserts for connecting to internal fluid passageways to provide drilling fluid or mud to the face of the bit body.
  • the crown also has junk slots to allow for removal of cuttings from the formation and mud back up to the surface.
  • the crown also has blades, onto which are attached cutting elements which engage and remove the formation material during a drilling operation.
  • the profile of the crown which may be characterized as the face of the bit is, in a majority of modern drag bits employing polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) cutters, divided up into regions by their relationship to a longitudinal axis or centerline of the bit.
  • the area near the center of the drill bit, the rotational axis, is referred to as the cone region. From the cone region, moving radially outwardly, other regions of the crown are; the nose, the shoulder, and the gage region.
  • the profile of the crown is such that typically the nose region is the first to contact the formation as the drill bit advances into the formation during drilling.
  • a diameter of the wellbore drilled by the drill bit may be defined by the cutting structures disposed at the gage, the largest outer diameter of the drill bit.
  • the drill bit is coupled, either directly or indirectly, to an end of what is referred to in the art as a “drill string,” which comprises a series of elongated tubular segments connected end-to-end that extends into the wellbore from the surface of earth above the subterranean formations being drilled.
  • Various tools and components, including the drill bit may be coupled together at the distal end of the drill string at the bottom of the wellbore being drilled. This assembly of tools and components is referred to in the art as a “bottom hole assembly” (BHA).
  • BHA bottom hole assembly
  • the drill bit may be rotated within the wellbore by rotating the drill string from the surface of the formation, or the drill bit may be rotated by coupling the drill bit to a downhole motor, which is also coupled to the drill string and disposed proximate the bottom of the wellbore.
  • the downhole motor may include, for example, a hydraulic Moineau-type motor having a shaft, to which the drill bit is mounted, that may be caused to rotate by pumping fluid (e.g., drilling mud or fluid) from the surface of the formation down through the center of the drill string, through the hydraulic motor, out from nozzles in the drill bit, and back up to the surface of the formation through the annular space between the outer surface of the drill string and the exposed surface of the formation within the borehole.
  • the downhole motor may be operated with or without drill string rotation.
  • the drilling assembly and the drill bit can exhibit a variety of motions in addition to the rotation of the drill bit along a linear path. Such motions are generally referred to as dysfunctions and include vibration, displacement of the tool along a direction other than the drilling direction, bending moments and whirl. Whirl occurs in rotating members such as drill strings, drill bits, shafts, etc. Often whirl induces failures in the bottom hole assembly components and damages the drill bit.
  • the time required to drill a well is greatly affected by the number of times the drill bit must be changed in order to reach the targeted formation. This is the case because each time the bit is changed, the entire string of drill pipe, which may be miles (kilometers) long, must be retrieved from the borehole, section by section. Once the drill string has been retrieved and the new bit installed, the bit must be lowered to the bottom of the borehole on the drill string, which again must be constructed section by section. This process requires considerable time, effort and expense. The length of time that a drill bit may be employed before it must be changed depends upon its rate of penetration (“ROP”), as well as its durability.
  • ROP rate of penetration
  • earth-boring tools may include a body including blades projecting therefrom, the blades extending generally radially outwardly from an axis of rotation of the tool.
  • Cutting elements may be secured to the blades.
  • a profile of the cutting elements secured to the blades intersecting outermost points of cutting faces of the cutting elements as viewed projected rotationally onto a plane, within which an axis of rotation of the body may be located, may be parabolic from immediately proximate the axis of rotation to a nose point at which a slope of the profile is such that an angle between the profile and a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation is about 0°.
  • earth-boring tools may include a body having blades extending outward from a remainder of the body.
  • Cutting elements may be secured to the blades.
  • a first section of a profile of a face formed by a least squares fit to outermost points of cutting faces of the cutting elements secured to the blades as viewed projected rotationally onto a plane, within which plane an axis of rotation of the body is located, may be linear and may extend at a first slope relative to a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the body from proximate to the axis of rotation of the body radially outward.
  • a second section of the profile of the face surrounding and extending radially outward from the first section may be linear and may extend at a second, different slope relative to the plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the body.
  • a third section of the profile may be located radially outward from the second section, the third section arcing from the second slope away from a leading end of the body.
  • earth-boring tools may include a body having blades extending outward from a remainder of the body. Cutting elements may be secured to the blades. A profile formed by a least squares fit to outermost points of cutting faces of the cutting elements secured may be oriented at an angle of at least 15° relative to a plane perpendicular to an axis of rotation of the body at a location proximate to an axis of rotation of the body.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view an earth-boring tool
  • FIGS. 2A through 2D are schematics of profiles for cutting elements of an earth-boring tool, such as that shown in FIG. 1 ;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic of two embodiments of profiles for cutting elements for an earth-boring tool, such as that shown in FIG. 1 ;
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic of yet another embodiment of a profile for cutting elements of an earth-boring tool, such as that shown in FIG. 1 .
  • the term “configured” refers to a size, shape, material composition, and/or arrangement of one or more of at least one structure and at least one apparatus facilitating operation of one or more of the structure and the apparatus in a predetermined way.
  • a parameter that is substantially or about a specified value may be at least about 90% the specified value, at least about 95% the specified value, at least about 99% the specified value, or even at least about 99.9% the specified value.
  • earth-boring tool means and includes any type of bit or tool used for drilling during the formation or enlargement of a wellbore in a subterranean formation.
  • earth-boring tools include fixed-cutter drill bits, percussion bits, core bits, eccentric bits, bi-center bits, reamers, mills, hybrid bits, and other drilling bits and tools known in the art.
  • the inventors herein have discovered that, in addition to the form, orientation and positioning of the PDC cutting elements on the bit face, the profile of the bit and particularly the profile portion from the nose through the cone to the bit centerline greatly impact bit durability and ROP. Therefore, the form and positioning of the cutting elements and the design of the bit body are thus are significant to improving ROP and durability of a drill bit.
  • FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of an earth-boring tool 100 .
  • the earth-boring tool 100 may include a body 102 having blades 104 extending outward from a remainder of the body 102 with junk slots 114 located rotationally between the blades 104 .
  • the blades 104 may extend radially outward from proximate to the axis of rotation 110 of the earth-boring tool 100 to a gage region 118 at an outer diameter of the body 102 .
  • the blades 104 may extend longitudinally from a face 116 of the body 102 at a leading end of the earth-boring tool 100 , away from the face 116 , toward a shank 120 at a trailing end of the earth-boring tool 100 .
  • the shank 120 may have a threaded connection portion, which may conform to industry standards (e.g., those promulgated by the American Petroleum Institute (API)), for attaching the earth-boring tool 100 to a drill string.
  • the body 102 may include a material suitable for downhole use.
  • the body 102 may include a metal or metal alloy material (e.g., steel) or a particle-matrix composite material (e.g., particles of tungsten carbide located in a metal or metal alloy matrix).
  • Cutting elements 112 may be secured to the body 102 . More specifically, the cutting elements 112 may be secured at least partially within pockets 122 extending from rotationally leading surfaces of a blade 104 into the blade 104 . The cutting elements 112 may be configured to engage with the formation under WOB, and remove formation material during rotation of the earth-boring tool 100 . Nozzles 124 located within the junk slots 114 may emit drilling fluid circulating through the drill string under pressure to remove cuttings from the cutting elements 112 and the bit face and carry the cuttings suspended in the drilling fluid up the wellbore annulus to the surface.
  • the cutting elements 112 of the earth-boring tool 100 may have a profile 106 according to an embodiment of the disclosure, which profile 106 may best be shown by projecting cutting faces 134 of the cutting elements 112 rotationally onto a common plane 108 to one side of an axis of rotation 110 , which may also be characterized as the longitudinal axis, of the earth-boring tool 100 .
  • the profile 106 may then be formed by identifying the outermost points of the cutting faces 134 of the cutting elements 134 , the outermost points being located farthest from the body 102 , and calculating a least squares fit for those points.
  • Profiles 106 for cutting elements 112 of earth-boring tools 100 in accordance with this disclosure may reduce the work rate for individual cutting elements 112 secured to face 116 of the earth-boring tool 100 , may improve stability of the earth-boring tool 100 during drilling, and may better distribute loads borne across the radial extent of the profile 106 without significantly worsening performance, in terms of rate of penetration (ROP) of the earth-boring tool 100 .
  • the earth-boring tool 100 depicted in FIG. 1 is configured as a fixed-cutter drill bit having cutting elements 112 secured to the blades 104 thereof, but other configurations for earth-boring tools employing fixed cutting elements may be employed with a profile 106 for cutting elements 112 in accordance with this disclosure.
  • FIGS. 2A through 2D are schematic embodiments of profiles 106 for cutting elements 112 of an earth-boring tool, such as the earth-boring tool 100 shown in FIG. 1 .
  • the profiles 106 A through 106 D of FIGS. 2A through 2D may collectively follow a parabolic trajectory 126 from proximate to the axis of rotation 110 of the earth-boring tool 100 (see FIG. 1 ), radially outward, to a nose point 128 .
  • a slope of the profiles 106 A through 106 D as measured relative to a plane 130 extending perpendicular to the axis of rotation 110 may be such that an angle between tangent lines to the profiles 106 A through 106 D and the plane 130 at the nose point 128 may be, for example, less than about 5°. More specifically, a line extending tangent to a surface of the blades 104 at the nose point 128 may be, for example, about 0°. From the nose point 128 , the profile 106 may extend radially outward to the gage region 118 (see FIG. 1 ) while curving longitudinally toward the shank 120 (see FIG. 1 ).
  • the nose point 128 may be located at least one-half of a radius of the earth-boring tool 100 (see FIG. 1 ) away from the axis of rotation 110 . More specifically, the nose point 128 may be located between about one-half and about three-fourths of the radius of the earth-boring tool 100 (see FIG. 1 ) from the axis of rotation.
  • each blade 104 A through 104 D in the region extending radially from the axis of rotation 110 to the nose point 128 may include one or more planes 132 A through 132 D extending radially outward from the axis of rotation 110 toward the nose point 128 , and extending longitudinally at an oblique angle relative to the plane 130 perpendicular to the axis of rotation 110 .
  • each blade 104 A through 104 D may include a number of planes 132 A through 132 D equal to a number of cutting elements 112 A through 112 D located in the region extending radially from the axis of rotation 110 to the nose point 128 , each cutting element 112 A through 112 D located on a corresponding one of the planes 132 A through 132 D. More specifically, the total number of planes 132 A through 132 D deployed on all the blades 104 A through 104 D of a given earth-boring tool may be at least five.
  • Each plane 132 A through 132 D may be oriented tangent to the parabolic trajectory 126 at a point of intersection between the surface of the respective plane 132 A through 132 D and a line 136 A through 136 D extending from a point on a cutting face 134 A through 134 D of a corresponding cutting element 112 A, through 112 D farthest from the blade 104 A through 104 D within the plane 132 A through 132 D, to the respective plane 132 A through 132 D in a direction perpendicular to the plane 132 A through 132 D.
  • the planes 132 A through 132 D of the blades 104 A through 104 D are projected rotationally onto the plane 108 (see FIG.
  • the parabolic trajectory 126 may contact each of the planes 132 A through 132 D, such that the planes 132 A through 132 D lie tangent to the parabolic trajectory.
  • a curve 138 formed by a least squares fit to a series of points generated by rotationally projecting each of the cutting elements 112 A through 112 D within the region extending radially from the axis of rotation 110 to the nose point 128 onto the plane 108 (see FIG.
  • the specific slopes of the planes 132 A through 132 D relative to the plane 130 perpendicular to the axis of rotation 110 may vary.
  • the slopes of the planes 132 A through 132 D relative to the plane 130 perpendicular to the axis of rotation 110 may be such that angles between the planes 132 A through 132 D and the plane 130 perpendicular to the axis of rotation 110 may vary from about 35° or less proximate to the axis of rotation 110 to greater than about 0° proximate to the nose point 128 .
  • the slopes of the planes 132 A through 132 D relative to the plane 130 perpendicular to the axis of rotation 110 may be such that angles between the planes 132 A through 132 D and the plane 130 perpendicular to the axis of rotation 110 may vary from about 30° or less proximate to the axis of rotation 110 to about 5° or more (e.g., about 10° or more, about 15° or more, etc.) proximate to the nose point 128 .
  • the parabolic trajectory 126 followed by the planes 132 A through 132 D of the blades 104 A through 104 D, and the parabolic curve 138 followed by the cutting elements 112 A through 112 D, may enable the region proximate to the axis of rotation 110 to extend more rapidly toward the shank 120 (see FIG. 1 ), while the parabolic trajectory 126 and the parabolic curve 138 may more gradually transition from the steep region proximate to the axis of rotation 110 to the nose point 128 .
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic of embodiments of two additional profiles 106 E and 106 F for cutting elements 112 (see FIG. 1 ) for an earth-boring tool, such as the earth-boring tool 100 shown in FIG. 1 .
  • another profile 106 E for cutting elements 112 in accordance with this disclosure may follow a parabolic trajectory 126 in the region extending from the axis of rotation 110 of the earth-boring tool 100 to the nose point 128 .
  • the nose point 128 may be at a location where a slope of the profile 106 E may be such that an angle from a line tangent to the profile 106 E as measured relative to a plane 130 extending perpendicular to the axis of rotation 110 may be, for example, less than about 5°. More specifically, the nose point 128 may be located where a line extending tangent to a curve 138 defining the profile 106 E, and formed by a least squares fit to a series of points generated by rotationally projecting each of the cutting elements 112 (see FIG. 1 ) onto the plane 108 (see FIG.
  • the profile 106 E may extend radially outward to the gage region 118 (see FIG. 1 ) while curving longitudinally toward the shank 120 (see FIG. 1 ).
  • the outer surface of at least one of the blades 104 E shown in FIG. 3 may itself be parabolic. More specifically, the outer surface of the blade 104 E when projected rotationally onto the plane 108 (see FIG. 1 ) in which the axis of rotation 110 is located may be a parabola from immediately proximate to the axis of rotation 110 to the nose point 128 , with substantially no linear portions.
  • a slope of the curve 138 defining the profile 106 E relative to the plane 130 perpendicular to the axis of rotation 110 may vary from about 35° or less proximate to the axis of rotation 110 to about 0° or more proximate to the nose point 128 .
  • the slope of the curve 138 defining the profile 106 E relative to the plane 130 perpendicular to the axis of rotation 110 may be such that the angle between the line tangent to the outer surface and the plane 130 vary from about 30° or less proximate to the axis of rotation 110 to about 5° or more (e.g., about 10° or more, about 15° or more, etc.) proximate to the nose point 128 .
  • the slope of the curve 138 defining the profile 106 E relative to the plane 130 perpendicular to the axis of rotation 110 may vary continuously from proximate to the axis of rotation 110 to proximate to the nose point 128 , forming a parabola.
  • the parabolic trajectory 126 followed by the profile 106 E of the blade 104 , and the parabolic curve 138 followed by the cutting elements 112 (see FIG. 1 ) secured thereto, may enable the region proximate to the axis of rotation 110 to extend more rapidly toward the shank 120 (see FIG. 1 ), while the parabolic trajectory 126 and the parabolic curve 138 may more gradually transition from the steep region proximate to the axis of rotation 110 to the nose point 128 .
  • the other profile 106 F shown in FIG. 3 may be characterized by a linear portion 125 of the profile 106 F exhibiting a steep slope extending from proximate to the axis of rotation 110 , radially outward, to proximate to the nose point 128 . From the nose point 128 , the profile 106 F may extend radially outward to the gage region 118 (see FIG. 1 ) while curving longitudinally toward the shank 120 (see FIG. 1 ). A slope of a linear portion 125 of the profile 106 F relative to the plane 130 perpendicular to the axis of rotation 110 may be such that an angle between the linear portion 125 and the plane 130 may be, for example, between about 35° and about 10°.
  • the slope of the linear portion 125 of the profile 106 F relative to the plane 130 perpendicular to the axis of rotation 110 may be such that the angle between the linear portion 125 and the plane 130 may be between about 30° and about 15°.
  • the steep slope of the linear portion 125 of the profile 106 F in the region extending from proximate to the axis of rotation 110 , radially outward, to proximate to the nose point 128 may enable the region proximate to the longitudinal axis of rotation 110 to extend more rapidly toward the shank 120 (see FIG. 1 ).
  • the profile 106 F may be generated by, for example, forming a least squares fit to a series of points identified by rotationally projecting each of the cutting elements 112 (see FIG.
  • the nose point 128 may be located on a planar nose surface 127 .
  • the surfaces of the blades 104 (see FIG. 1 ) producing the linear portion 125 of the profile 106 F, which may themselves be planar, may intersect with another planar nose surface 127 at an edge.
  • the nose surface 127 may extend radially outward from the surfaces of the blades 104 (see FIG. 1 ) producing the steep linear portion 125 of the profile 106 F at a slope such that an angle between the nose surface 127 and the plane 130 extending perpendicular to the axis of rotation 110 may be less than about 5°.
  • the slope of the nose surface 127 may be such that the angle between the nose surface 127 and the plane 130 extending perpendicular to the axis of rotation 110 may be, for example, about 0°. From the nose surface 127 , the surfaces of the blades 104 may extend radially outward to the gage region 118 (see FIG. 1 ) while curving longitudinally toward the shank 120 (see FIG. 1 ).
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic of yet another embodiment of a profile 106 G of cutting elements 112 (see FIG. 1 ) for an earth-boring tool, such as the earth-boring tool 100 shown in FIG. 1 .
  • the profile 106 G shown in FIG. 3 may be characterized by a first linear section 140 exhibiting a steeper slope extending from proximate to the axis of rotation 110 radially outward to a second linear section 142 , the second linear section 142 extending from the first linear section 140 at a shallower slope to or proximate to the nose point 128 .
  • the nose point 128 may be at a location where a slope of the profile 106 G may be at or proximate a minimum, as quantified by measuring an angle between a line tanged to the profile 106 G at the nose point and a plane 130 extending perpendicular to the axis of rotation 110 , which may be, for example, less than about 5°. More specifically, the nose point 128 may be located where a line extending tangent to the profile 106 G may be, for example, about 0°. From the nose point 128 , the profile 106 G may extend radially outward to the gage region 118 (see FIG. 1 ) while curving longitudinally toward the shank 120 (see FIG. 1 ).
  • the profile 106 G may be generated by, for example, forming a least squares fit to a series of points corresponding to locations on the cutting faces 134 (see FIG. 1 ) of the cutting elements 112 (see FIG. 1 ) farthest from the surfaces of the blades 104 (see FIG. 1 ) when the cutting faces 134 (see FIG. 1 ) are rotationally projected onto the plane 108 (see FIG. 1 ) in which the axis of rotation 110 is located.
  • a slope of the first linear section 140 of the profile 106 G relative to the plane 130 perpendicular to the axis of rotation 110 may be such that an angle between the first linear section 140 and the plane 130 may be, for example, between about 35° and about 5°. More specifically, the slope of the first linear section 140 of the profile 106 G relative to the plane 130 perpendicular to the axis of rotation 110 may be such that an angle between the first linear section 140 and the plane 130 may be, for example, between about 30° and about 10°.
  • a first radial distance R 1 over which the first linear section 140 extends, as measured from the axis of rotation 110 in a direction perpendicular to the axis of rotation 110 may be, for example, between about 50% and about 75% of a second radial distance R 2 to the nose point 128 . More specifically, the first radial distance R 1 over which the first linear section 140 extends may be, for example, between about 60% and about 70% (e.g., about 66%) of the second radial distance R 2 to the nose point 128 .
  • a slope of the second linear section 142 of the profile 106 G relative to the plane 130 perpendicular to the axis of rotation 110 may be less than the slope of the first linear section 140 .
  • the slope of the second linear section 142 relative to the plane 130 perpendicular to the axis of rotation 110 may be between about 25% and about 50% of the slope of the first linear section 140 . More specifically, the slope of the second linear section 142 relative to the plane 130 perpendicular to the axis of rotation 110 may be between about 30% and about 40% (e.g., about 33%) of the slope of the first linear section 140 . As an additional example, the slope of the second linear section 142 relative to the plane 130 perpendicular to the axis of rotation 110 may be such that an angle between the second linear section 142 and the plane 130 may be between about 10° and about 20°.
  • the slope of the second linear section 142 relative to the plane 130 perpendicular to the axis of rotation 110 may be such that an angle between the second linear section 142 and the plane 130 may be between about 12° and about 18° (e.g., about 15°).
  • the first slope of the first linear section 140 may be, for example, about one-and-a-half to five times as great as the second slope of the second linear section 142 relative to the plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the body.
  • the first slope of the first linear section 140 may be, for example, about two to four times (e.g., two-and-a-half times, three times, three-and-a-half times) as great as the second slope of the second linear section 142 relative to the plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the body.
  • the steeper slope of the first linear section 140 may enable the region proximate to the axis of rotation 110 to extend more rapidly toward the shank 120 (see FIG. 1 ), while the more gradual slope of the second linear section 142 may more gradually transition from the steep region proximate to the axis of rotation 110 to the nose point 128 .
  • Profiles for outermost points of cutting elements of earth-boring tools in accordance with this disclosure may exhibit a deeper cone region immediately surrounding the axis of rotation. As a result a greater quantity of the formation material being drilled may be received into the cone region, and the sloped surfaces of the blades may better grip that larger quantity of formation material, increasing stability.
  • the inventors have found that providing a more gradual transition from the steeper slope in the region proximate to the axis of rotation to a shallower slope proximate to the nose point more evenly balances work rates across the face of the tool. Impact loading of cutting elements following profiles in accordance with this disclosure may also be reduced.
  • the inventors have also found through their modeling of the behavior of an earth-boring tool including profiles for cutting elements in accordance with this disclosure that maximum stresses within the blades are more evenly balanced from blade to blade. Because the slope of the transition between cutting elements secured to the blades is steeper in the cone region, the junk slots within that region may be shallower than in other regions. However, modeling of the fluid flow from the nozzles to clear cuttings reveals that the shallower junk slots do not have a significant deleterious effect on the efficiency with which the fluid clears the cuttings. Finally, earth-boring tools employing profiles in accordance with this disclosure may more evenly distribute a given applied weight (e.g., weight-on-bit) across all the cutting elements.
  • a given applied weight e.g., weight-on-bit
  • An earth-boring tool comprising: a body comprising blades projecting therefrom, the blades extending generally radially outwardly from an axis of rotation of the tool; and cutting elements secured to the blades; wherein a profile of the cutting elements secured to the blades intersecting outermost points of cutting faces of the cutting elements as viewed projected rotationally onto a plane, within which an axis of rotation of the body is located, is parabolic from immediately proximate the axis of rotation to a nose point at which a slope of the line is such that an angle between the line and a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation is about 0°.
  • surfaces of the blades as projected onto the plane perpendicular to the direction of rotation of the blades comprise a plurality of line segments, each line segment extending tangent to a parabolic curve extending from proximate to the axis of rotation to proximate to the nose point.
  • An earth-boring tool comprising: a body comprising blades extending outward from a remainder of the body; and cutting elements secured to the blades; wherein a first section of a profile of a face formed by a least squares fit to outermost points of cutting faces of the cutting elements secured to the blades as viewed projected rotationally onto a plane, within which plane an axis of rotation of the body is located, may be linear and may extend at a first slope relative to a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the body from proximate to the axis of rotation of the body radially outward; wherein a second section of the profile of the face surrounding and extending radially outward from the first section may be linear and may extend at a second, different slope relative to the plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the body; and wherein a third section of the profile may be located radially outward from the second section, the third section arcing from the second slope away from a leading end of the body.
  • An earth-boring tool comprising: a body comprising blades extending outward from a remainder of the body; and cutting elements secured to the blades; wherein a profile formed by a least squares fit to outermost points of cutting faces of the cutting elements secured is oriented at an angle of at least 15° relative to a plane perpendicular to an axis of rotation of the body at a location proximate to an axis of rotation of the body.
  • the earth-boring tool of Embodiment 14 the profile is oriented at an angle of about 30° or less relative to the plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation at the location proximate to the axis of rotation.
  • surfaces of the blades as projected onto a plane perpendicular to a direction of rotation of the blades comprise a plurality of line segments, each line segment extending tangent to a parabolic curve extending from proximate to the axis of rotation to proximate to the nose point.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
  • Drilling Tools (AREA)
US16/046,704 2017-07-28 2018-07-26 Earth-boring tools including cutting element profiles configured to reduce work rates Abandoned US20190032411A1 (en)

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US8387725B2 (en) * 2008-04-14 2013-03-05 Smith International, Inc. Percussion drilling assembly and hammer bit with gage and outer row reinforcement
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GB2552104B (en) * 2015-03-25 2019-11-20 Halliburton Energy Services Inc Adjustable depth of cut control for a downhole drilling tool
CN204920801U (zh) * 2015-09-09 2015-12-30 中国石油集团渤海石油装备制造有限公司 适合旋冲钻具系统的pdc钻头
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CA3071386A1 (en) 2019-01-31
BR112020001731A2 (pt) 2020-07-21
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CN111032991A (zh) 2020-04-17
GB2579733A (en) 2020-07-01
WO2019023485A1 (en) 2019-01-31
MX2020001099A (es) 2020-08-06

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