US20190031292A1 - Method for stiffening plates intended for the creation of ship walls and comprising laminated composite materials, and resulting plate - Google Patents

Method for stiffening plates intended for the creation of ship walls and comprising laminated composite materials, and resulting plate Download PDF

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Publication number
US20190031292A1
US20190031292A1 US16/068,744 US201716068744A US2019031292A1 US 20190031292 A1 US20190031292 A1 US 20190031292A1 US 201716068744 A US201716068744 A US 201716068744A US 2019031292 A1 US2019031292 A1 US 2019031292A1
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profile member
web
manufactured
shaped
panel
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US16/068,744
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Sébastien GRALL
Pierre Lallemand
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iXBlue SAS
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iXBlue SAS
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Publication of US20190031292A1 publication Critical patent/US20190031292A1/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B3/00—Hulls characterised by their structure or component parts
    • B63B3/14—Hull parts
    • B63B3/26—Frames
    • B63B3/32—Web frames; Web beams
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29D—PRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
    • B29D99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • B29D99/001—Producing wall or panel-like structures, e.g. for hulls, fuselages, or buildings
    • B29D99/0014—Producing wall or panel-like structures, e.g. for hulls, fuselages, or buildings provided with ridges or ribs, e.g. joined ribs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B3/00—Hulls characterised by their structure or component parts
    • B63B3/14—Hull parts
    • B63B3/26—Frames
    • B63B3/34—Frames of longitudinal type; Bulkhead connections
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B5/00—Hulls characterised by their construction of non-metallic material
    • B63B5/24—Hulls characterised by their construction of non-metallic material made predominantly of plastics
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/56—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits
    • B29C65/562—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits using extra joining elements, i.e. which are not integral with the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
    • B29C66/1122—Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/13—Single flanged joints; Fin-type joints; Single hem joints; Edge joints; Interpenetrating fingered joints; Other specific particular designs of joint cross-sections not provided for in groups B29C66/11 - B29C66/12
    • B29C66/131—Single flanged joints, i.e. one of the parts to be joined being rigid and flanged in the joint area
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/52—Joining tubular articles, bars or profiled elements
    • B29C66/524—Joining profiled elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/53—Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars
    • B29C66/532—Joining single elements to the wall of tubular articles, hollow articles or bars
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/61—Joining from or joining on the inside
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/71—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/71—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/712—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined the composition of one of the parts to be joined being different from the composition of the other part
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/721—Fibre-reinforced materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/721—Fibre-reinforced materials
    • B29C66/7212—Fibre-reinforced materials characterised by the composition of the fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/721—Fibre-reinforced materials
    • B29C66/7214—Fibre-reinforced materials characterised by the length of the fibres
    • B29C66/72141—Fibres of continuous length
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/737—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/7375—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined uncured, partially cured or fully cured
    • B29C66/73755—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined uncured, partially cured or fully cured the to-be-joined area of at least one of the parts to be joined being fully cured, i.e. fully cross-linked, fully vulcanized
    • B29C66/73756—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined uncured, partially cured or fully cured the to-be-joined area of at least one of the parts to be joined being fully cured, i.e. fully cross-linked, fully vulcanized the to-be-joined areas of both parts to be joined being fully cured
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7394—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoset
    • B29C66/73941—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoset characterised by the materials of both parts being thermosets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
    • B29L2031/30—Vehicles, e.g. ships or aircraft, or body parts thereof
    • B29L2031/3067—Ships
    • B29L2031/307—Hulls
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
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    • B63B3/14—Hull parts
    • B63B3/26—Frames
    • B63B2003/265—Frames comprising open profiles, e.g. U- or gutter-shaped, and forming substantially closed channels together with the plate to which they are attached
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B2231/00—Material used for some parts or elements, or for particular purposes
    • B63B2231/40—Synthetic materials
    • B63B2231/52—Fibre reinforced plastics materials

Definitions

  • This invention generally relates to the field of ship construction. It relates more particularly to a method for manufacturing plates reinforced/stiffened by stiffening elements comprising laminated composite materials as well as the plate obtained by the method.
  • the reinforced plates are intended for the creation of ship walls. More specifically, the invention relates to a method for stiffening plates intended for the creation of ship walls and comprising laminated composite materials.
  • inside partitions which are more preferably manufactured with relatively light materials, in particular composite materials, in order to reduce the weight of the ship.
  • the inside separating partitions in particular those comprised of separating plates between two levels of the ship (typically the floors and decks), must more particularly be reinforced due to the fact that they are substantially horizontal and the loads and stresses that they are subjected to and which are primarily applied according to a perpendicular to the surface of the panel forming the plate.
  • this invention proposes to use as stiffening elements pre-manufactured profile members and separately from the panel to be reinforced, profile members which are made from a laminated composite material and which are then added and fastened onto the panel itself, with the panel being made from a laminated composite material or containing it on the surface.
  • These pre-manufactured profile members are rigid when they are assembled to the panel. Thanks to this method, one is no longer constrained to use composite in the conventional “wet” manner in order to create the reinforced plate comprised of the panel and of its stiffening element or elements. Furthermore, the creation of the reinforced plate is greatly accelerated.
  • the reinforced plate created no longer includes the “foreign” materials that were used in the conventional method described hereinabove and which do not participate in the mechanical resistance of the whole. It is therefore possible to create reinforced plates made of composite material exclusively comprised of stacks of layers of fibres impregnated with resin and therefore without any “foreign” material which would be there only for giving a shape to the stiffener.
  • the invention relates to a method for stiffening plates intended for the creation of ship walls and comprising laminated composite materials, the laminated composite materials being constituted of stacks of layers of fibres impregnated with resin.
  • At least one elongate profile member made from laminated composite material is pre-manufactured having a transverse cross-section of a predetermined shape over the length thereof, the pre-manufactured profile member and obtained being rigid due to the polymerization/solidification of the resin that has impregnated the layers of fibres that the profile member comprises, and,
  • a panel having two main surfaces and comprising at least on the surface of at least one of its two main surfaces a laminated composite material, with the resin that has impregnated the layers of fibres that the panel contains being polymerized/solidified, and
  • said at least one pre-manufactured profile member is assembled and fixed together on one of the main surfaces of said panel, with the main surface of the panel receiving the profile member comprising laminated composite material, and the pre-manufactured profile member has a transverse cross-section of a determined shape that comprises three continuous portions: two flanges and a web, with the two flanges and the web being substantially straight in the transverse cross-section of the profile member, the web connecting to the flanges along its two opposite lateral edges, and the two flanges and the web are longitudinally extended over three separate planes, with the plane over which extends the web crossing the two separate planes over which extend the flanges, with the two planes over which extend the two flanges being parallel to each other and crossing the plane over which the web extends with an angle of about 90°, each flange having two main surfaces, a main inner surface on the side of the web and a main outer free surface opposite the preceding one, one of the two flanges of the pre-
  • the invention also proposes a reinforced plate for a ship wall comprising laminated composite materials and specifically obtained by the method described.
  • the reinforced plate therefore results from the method of stiffening plates and it is comprised of at least one pre-manufactured profile member fixed on a panel.
  • the invention also proposes a ship comprising at least one reinforced plate according to the invention, said ship being a surface craft or a semi-submersible or submersible craft.
  • FIG. 1 is a transverse cross-section view of a pre-manufactured H-shaped profile member, made of composite, and which has been assembled and fixed onto a composite panel,
  • FIG. 2 is a transverse cross-section view of a pre-manufactured U-shaped profile member, made of composite, and which has been assembled and fixed onto a composite panel,
  • FIG. 3 is a transverse cross-section view of an H-shaped stiffener created from a T-shaped pre-manufactured profile member, made of composite, and which has been assembled and fixed onto a composite panel with over laminating on the side of the panel, and
  • FIG. 4 is a transverse cross-section view of a pre-manufactured H-shaped profile member, made of composite, and which has been assembled and fixed onto a composite panel, said pre-manufactured profile member having two chutes due to the presence of two returns at the two free lateral ends of flanges.
  • FIGS. 1 to 4 are transverse/cross-section views
  • a reinforced/rigidified plate shall be described obtained by using pre-manufactured profile members of the invention.
  • a floor or a deck or a partition was created and it will be returned when it is installed in the structure of the ship, this explaining that the profile members are shown from the top, a position that facilitates the creating of the plate in question.
  • the profile members will be downwards, at the ceiling.
  • a second panel can be fixed on the flange represented as free, the one at the top, in these figures, with the double plate as such being comprised of two panels that are parallel to each other and connected by the pre-manufactured profile members.
  • stiffening elements which are, in the scope of the invention, pre-manufactured profile members made of composite material, are arranged for example in strips or alignments that are parallel or not on the panel and according to a periodicity that depends on the desired resistance for the plate. These strips or alignments that are periodic or not can also be crossed between them.
  • the profile members are elongate elements that have a transverse cross-section of a determined shape comprising three continuous portions: two flat flanges in a straight profile member, straight if the section of the profile member is considered, and connected together by a flat web in a straight profile member, straight if the section of the profile member is considered.
  • the flanges and the web when they are viewed as a transverse cross-section of the profile member are carried by separate axes, with the axis carrying the web crossing the two axes carrying the flanges typically at 90° and the two axes carrying the flanges are parallel to one another.
  • the plate 1 comprises a panel 2 made of laminated composite material whereon in fixed a pre-manufactured profile member 3 a with a transverse cross-section in the shape of an H made of laminated composite material.
  • the panel 2 is substantially flat and the profile member 3 a is a straight elongate element.
  • the pre-manufactured profile member 3 a comprises, seen as a transverse cross-section, two straight opposite flanges 7 and separated by a straight web 6 , with the flanges being perpendicular to the web and being astride on the two opposite lateral edges (top and bottom in the figures with a transverse/cross-section) of the web.
  • the flanges in this straight profile member are flat over their length and are carried by two planes that are parallel to one another.
  • the web is flat over its length and is carried by a median plane that crosses the two planes carrying the flanges at 90°.
  • the pre-manufactured profile member which is installed on the panel 2 is structurally rigid.
  • This pre-manufactured profile member 3 a is obtained by stacking layers (or fabrics) of fibres which are finally taken in the resin.
  • the layers (or fabrics) of fibres are continuous from one flange to the other by passing through the web.
  • this is a composite made of oriented glass fibres and resin and the layers (or fabrics) of fibres are crossed between them at +/ ⁇ 45° in the stack of the layers.
  • This complementary layer 10 can concern the free flange (the one that is not fixed to the panel) as shown in the figures or the other flange (not shown) or the two flanges of the profile member (not shown).
  • the orientation of the complementary layers of fibres of this additional layer 10 is 0°, i.e. in the longitudinal direction of the profile member.
  • this pre-manufactured H-shaped profile member can result from a joining of two U-shaped forms of composite material.
  • this H-shaped profile member is manufactured in a single operation.
  • the flange 7 on the panel side 2 , is fastened to the latter via structural gluing 4 .
  • a fastening via over-laminating and therefore with the adding of layers of fibres and resin is possible.
  • the gluing and/or the bonding with resin of the pre-manufactured profile members on the plate can use all the known techniques, in particular with regards to the adding of resin and/or of adhesive, with these elements being identical or not: the gluing of the pre-manufactured profile member that can be done with a compound corresponding to the resin used for creating the composite or another specific compound for gluing.
  • the same technique for example heating, radiation, hardener/catalyst
  • the same technique for example heating, radiation, hardener/catalyst
  • the profile members can, for example, be created via infusion, contact, “pre-preg” where the layers of fibres used are pre-impregnated with resin or, “pultrusion” of extrusion-drawing of the layers of fibres.
  • the plate 1 comprises a panel 2 made of composite material whereon is fixed a pre-manufactured profile member 3 b with a transverse cross-section in the shape of a U.
  • the flanges 7 ′ are arranged laterally to a single and same lateral side of the web 6 but always towards the lateral edges (top bottom in figure) of the web.
  • the flanges can be on the lateral opposite sides, still without overlapping, of the web, with the transverse cross-section shape of the profile member then being closer to a Z than a U.
  • one of the two flanges can be overlapping while the other is not.
  • the layers of fibres are shown continuously extended between the two flanges by passing through the web and a complementary layer 10 is created on the free flange.
  • the T-shaped pre-manufactured profile member T 3 c was arranged against the panel 2 by the free lateral end (without flange, the one at the bottom in the figure) of its web 6 and layers of fibres 3 d were extended on each side between the web and the panel, with the whole then being taken in the resin in order to ensure a structural gluing 5 of the T-shaped profile member 3 c on the panel 2 .
  • this solution requires an additional step of placing additional layers of fibres and of bonding with resin/gluing these additional layers, with the preceding examples requiring only a bonding with resin/gluing of the pre-manufactured profile member 3 a , 3 b on the panel 2 .
  • the layers of fibres are continuously extended between the flange and the web and a complementary layer 10 is created on the free flange.
  • a reinforced plate 1 of that of the type of FIG. 1 is considered but the pre-manufactured H-shaped profile member 3 a that was used comprises this time chutes 9 obtained by creating returns 8 on the lateral ends of the free flange 7 . These returns are oriented on the side of the web and are substantially parallel to the latter. These chutes can be used as a passage for cables or pipes.
  • a metal chute or a metal strip is incorporated or glued/taken on the surface of the flange and possibly of the web and/or, optionally as a return, during the pre-manufacturing of the profile member, in the case where a relative shielding or a continuous ground/mass protection would be required.
  • through-openings can be pre-manufactured in the web in order to allow for the passage of ducts or cables through the web of the profile member.
  • the base shape for the manufacturing of profile members is the U-shaped traverse cross-section, with the two flanges of the same lateral side of the web, with these three portions being substantially perpendicular between them.
  • This U-shaped profile member is created via stacking of layers of fibres, more preferably of orientations crossed between them for the oriented layers. The layers are also continuous from one flange to the other for most of the layers or, better, all the layers.
  • the H-shaped pre-manufactured profile member with two flanges is obtained from the preceding U-shape form by joining/fastening web-against-web of two U-shaped profile members.
  • the H-shaped profile member with two flanges is obtained from the preceding U-shape form by joining/fastening web-against-web of two U-shaped profile members.
  • two pre-manufactured U-shaped profile members and therefore rigid and joining and fastening together which makes it possible to obtain the H-shaped profile in two steps, or creation via stacking of layers of fibres with two U-shaped forms joined web-against-web and of which the resin is then polymerized, which makes it possible to directly obtain the rigid H-shaped profile member, in a single step.
  • two U-shaped pre-manufactured profile members instead of being joined web-against-web in order to form an H-shaped profile member, can be joined by the lateral ends of their respective flanges in order to form a tubular profile member with a substantially square or rectangular section according to the initial shapes of the U-shaped profile member, with complementary layers of layers of fibres being preferably created on these joined flanges in order to reinforce the fastening of the two U-shaped profile members.
  • a T-shaped or Z-shaped profile member can be manufactured from two joined L-shaped profile members and an H-shaped profile member can be manufactured from four joined L-shaped profile members.
  • Other combinations are possible, for example to manufacture an H-shaped profile member it is possible to take a Z-shaped profile member and two L-shaped profile members.
  • the pre-manufactured connection in the shape of an X will be arranged and its arms/branches will be extended by the pre-manufactured linear profile members described.
  • the transverse cross-sections of the arms of the pre-manufactured connection and of the pre-manufactured profile members that pursue them will be identical, for example all in H.
  • pre-manufactured composite splice bar connectors can be fastened to the two longitudinal ends placed end-to-end of two profile members.
  • pre-manufactured splice bars of a suitable shape, in particular an L can be created for the perpendicular fastening between a longitudinal end of a first profile member and a full field, laterally, of a second profile member.
  • one or several splice bars can be fastened or created at the origin on the pre-manufactured profile member.
  • connection or crossing By way of example of a pre-manufactured combination of connection or crossing and of complementary longitudinal ends, a crossing or a connection is created of which the longitudinal ends of arms are hollow and wherein the longitudinal ends of the profile members are nested are inserted.
  • the invention can perfectly be applied to panels with a curved shape, the pre-manufactured profile members then being created curved with a shape complementary to that of the panel.

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Abstract

Disclosed is a method for stiffening plates for ship walls. At least one elongate profile member of laminated composite material and having a transverse cross-section of a predetermined shape over the length thereof is pre-manufactured, the profile member being rigid. Then, a panel including laminated composite materials at least on the surface of at least one of the two main surfaces thereof is used, and the at least one pre-manufactured profile member is assembled and attached together onto one of the main surfaces of the panel. The main surface of the panel receives the profile member including laminated composite material. The profile member has a transverse cross-section with three continuous portions: two flanges having substantially straight cross-sections and interconnected by a web. The flanges and the web in transverse cross-section are supported by separate planes, the plane of the web intersecting the two planes, supporting the flanges, at 90°.

Description

    TECHNICAL FIELD TO WHICH THE INVENTION RELATES
  • This invention generally relates to the field of ship construction. It relates more particularly to a method for manufacturing plates reinforced/stiffened by stiffening elements comprising laminated composite materials as well as the plate obtained by the method. The reinforced plates are intended for the creation of ship walls. More specifically, the invention relates to a method for stiffening plates intended for the creation of ship walls and comprising laminated composite materials.
    • TECHNOLOGICAL BACKGROUND
  • In ships, flat regions must be reinforced or rigidified/stiffened, with these terms considered to be equivalents in the context of the invention, in order to resist the stresses that the ship is subjected to. This also relates to inside partitions which are more preferably manufactured with relatively light materials, in particular composite materials, in order to reduce the weight of the ship. Among the latter, the inside separating partitions, in particular those comprised of separating plates between two levels of the ship (typically the floors and decks), must more particularly be reinforced due to the fact that they are substantially horizontal and the loads and stresses that they are subjected to and which are primarily applied according to a perpendicular to the surface of the panel forming the plate.
  • As such, in the case of reinforcing floors and decks of ships, one is led to create stiffening elements on the lower surface of the panel of the plate. Conventionally, for this, manufacturing is carried out on-site, directly on the panel itself, of a network of stiffeners comprising forms in foam or wood that are covered with one or several layers of composite fibre/resin. These layers create an over-thickness on the panel to be stiffened, on either side of the base of the form made of foam or wood. This “over-measure” method is relatively long and tedious since it requires beforehand installing forms on the panel then, afterwards, covering them with composite. Furthermore, this method leads to leaving in the plate foreign material in terms of the composite comprised of layers of fibres and of resin.
  • In the field of aviation, means are known for reinforcing partitions in documents U.S. Pat. No. 4,786,343, US-2012/282441 and US-2007/277470.
    • OBJECT OF THE INVENTION
  • In order to overcome the aforementioned disadvantage of prior art, this invention proposes to use as stiffening elements pre-manufactured profile members and separately from the panel to be reinforced, profile members which are made from a laminated composite material and which are then added and fastened onto the panel itself, with the panel being made from a laminated composite material or containing it on the surface. These pre-manufactured profile members are rigid when they are assembled to the panel. Thanks to this method, one is no longer constrained to use composite in the conventional “wet” manner in order to create the reinforced plate comprised of the panel and of its stiffening element or elements. Furthermore, the creation of the reinforced plate is greatly accelerated. The same applies for manufacturing beforehand (=pre-manufacturing) profile members that can be standardized given in that in most cases, the panels are flat and the arrangement of the stiffening elements is predictable and regular. Finally, the reinforced plate created no longer includes the “foreign” materials that were used in the conventional method described hereinabove and which do not participate in the mechanical resistance of the whole. It is therefore possible to create reinforced plates made of composite material exclusively comprised of stacks of layers of fibres impregnated with resin and therefore without any “foreign” material which would be there only for giving a shape to the stiffener.
  • As such, the invention relates to a method for stiffening plates intended for the creation of ship walls and comprising laminated composite materials, the laminated composite materials being constituted of stacks of layers of fibres impregnated with resin.
  • According to said method:
  • on the one hand, at least one elongate profile member made from laminated composite material is pre-manufactured having a transverse cross-section of a predetermined shape over the length thereof, the pre-manufactured profile member and obtained being rigid due to the polymerization/solidification of the resin that has impregnated the layers of fibres that the profile member comprises, and,
  • on the other hand, a panel is used having two main surfaces and comprising at least on the surface of at least one of its two main surfaces a laminated composite material, with the resin that has impregnated the layers of fibres that the panel contains being polymerized/solidified, and
  • said at least one pre-manufactured profile member is assembled and fixed together on one of the main surfaces of said panel, with the main surface of the panel receiving the profile member comprising laminated composite material, and the pre-manufactured profile member has a transverse cross-section of a determined shape that comprises three continuous portions: two flanges and a web, with the two flanges and the web being substantially straight in the transverse cross-section of the profile member, the web connecting to the flanges along its two opposite lateral edges, and the two flanges and the web are longitudinally extended over three separate planes, with the plane over which extends the web crossing the two separate planes over which extend the flanges, with the two planes over which extend the two flanges being parallel to each other and crossing the plane over which the web extends with an angle of about 90°, each flange having two main surfaces, a main inner surface on the side of the web and a main outer free surface opposite the preceding one, one of the two flanges of the pre-manufactured profile member being applied by its main outer free surface on the panel.
  • Other non-limiting and advantageous characteristics of the method in accordance with the invention, taken individually or according to any technically permissible combinations, are as follows:
      • a pre-manufactured profile member is used of which the two flanges are on the same lateral side of the web, the transverse cross-section of the profile member being U-shaped,
      • alternatively, in the case of the U-shaped pre-manufactured profile member, U-shaped profile member of which the two flanges are of the same lateral side of the web, said pre-manufactured profile member is applied and fixed on the panel via its web, by the side opposite the flanges of the web,
      • a pre-manufactured profile member is used of which the two flanges are on the lateral sides opposite the web, the transverse cross-section of the profile member being Z-shaped,
      • in the U-shaped or Z-shaped profile member at least one portion of the fibre layers is continuously extended from one flange to the other,
      • in the U-shaped or Z-shaped profile member, all the layers of fibres are continuously extended from one flange to the other,
      • in the case of layers of oriented fibres, between them are crossed the various layers of fibres,
      • a pre-manufactured profile member is used of which the two flanges are astride the two lateral edges of the web, the transverse cross-section of the profile member being H-shaped,
      • the pre-manufactured H-shaped profile member result from the reunion during the pre-manufacturing thereof of two U-shaped forms of composite material arranged web-against-web,
      • a pre-manufactured profile member that is tubular is used, the pre-manufactured tubular profile member resulting from the reunion during the manufacture thereof of two U-shaped forms of composite material arranged lateral end of flange against lateral end of flange,
      • for the pre-manufactured tubular profile member, the two U-shaped forms made of composite material are two pre-manufactured U-shaped profile members and therefore rigid and that are fastened together,
      • a pre-manufactured profile member that is tubular is used, the pre-manufactured tubular profile member resulting from the reunion during the manufacture thereof of two H-shaped forms made of composite material arranged lateral end of flange against lateral end of flange,
      • for the pre-manufactured tubular profile member, the two H-shaped forms made of composite material are two pre-manufactured H-shaped profile members and therefore rigid and that are fastened together,
      • furthermore, during the pre-manufacturing of the H-shaped or tubular profile member, a complementary layer of complementary fibre layers is added on the main outer free surface of at least the flange that is not intended to be applied on the panel,
      • at least one portion of the complementary fibre layers continuously extend furthermore over the main inner surface of the flange of the H-shaped profile member, on the two sides of the web, with the layers being folded around the flange,
      • at least one portion of the complementary fibre layers furthermore continuously extends over the main inner surface of the flange of the H-shaped profile member by continuing over the two sides of the web, with the webs being folded around the flange and continuing over the web,
      • complementary layers of complementary fibre layers are added onto two free outer main surfaces of the two flanges of the H-shaped profile member during the pre-manufacturing thereof,
      • alternatively, a pre-manufactured profile member is used of which the traverse cross-section has a T-shape with a single flange astride one of the two lateral edges of the web and during the assembly and the fastening to the panel of the pre-manufactured profile member, the lateral free edge (i.e. the one that does not comprise any flange) of the web of the pre-manufactured profile member is placed on the main surface of the panel and the second flange, on the panel side, is created by lamination of additional layers of fibres extended between the web and the panel as well as resin, this for the two lateral sides of the web, in order to obtain a fixed H-shaped profile member with a transverse cross-section,
      • alternatively, a pre-manufactured profile member is used of which the traverse cross-section has an L-shape with a single flange lateral to the web and during the assembly and the fastening of the profile member to the panel, the lateral free edge (i.e. the one that does not comprise a flange) of the web of the pre-manufactured profile member is placed on the main surface of the panel and the second flange, on the panel side, is created by lamination of an additional composite material extended between the web and the panel as well as resin, this for one or both lateral sides of the web,
      • alternatively, a panel is used of which the resin of at least the main surface of the panel receiving the profile member is not yet polymerized and for fastening said at least one pre-manufactured profile member is assembled on said main surface with a resin that is not yet polymerized,
      • panels are created of which stacks of layers of fibres on the surface comprise regions without resin or with a non-polymerized resin, said regions intended to receive the pre-manufactured profile member,
      • the pre-manufactured profile members are straight,
      • alternatively, the pre-manufactured profile members are twisted,
      • alternatively, the pre-manufactured profile members are circumvented in their length,
      • alternatively, the pre-manufactured profile members are twisted along their main axis/their length,
      • the plates are flat,
      • alternatively, the plaques are circumvented,
      • the panels are substantially flat and the pre-manufactured profile members are longitudinally straight,
      • the plates are intended for inside partitions of ships or for partitions with interfaces between the outside and the inside of ships,
      • the plates are intended for separating partitions between two levels of the ship,
      • the plates of the separation partitions between two levels of the ship are substantially horizontal,
      • the plates are intended for separating partitions between two regions of the same level of the ship,
      • the plates of separating partitions between two regions of the same level of the ship are substantially vertical,
      • the plates are intended for communication partitions extended between two levels of the ship and, in particular, form an access stairwell from one level to the next,
      • the pre-manufactured profile members are fixed to the panels by at least one of the following techniques: gluing or mechanical clamping, the gluing being carried out with or without adding additional layers of fibres, the mechanical clamping being chosen from screwing, bolting, riveting, the gluing being in particular a vacuum gluing,
      • the additional layers of fibres are extended between the profile member and the panel,
      • the composite material comprises glass fibres and/or carbon and/or polymers and/or any other type of reinforcing fibre used in the field of composites, made integral by a resin,
      • the composite material comprises all types of reinforcing fibres, in particular glass, aramid, carbon or the equivalent and all types of matrix, in particular polyester, epoxy, vinylester or the equivalent, optionally combined according to the compatibilities thereof,
      • the composite material and its resin are identical for the pre-manufactured profile members and the panels,
      • the composite material and optionally its resin are different for the pre-manufactured profile members and the panels,
      • through-openings are created in the thickness of the web of the profile member during the pre-manufacturing thereof,
      • for at least one of the two flanges, the main inner surface of the flange comprises towards it free end, in the case of a U-shaped profile member, or at least one of its two free ends, in the case of an H-shaped or T-shaped profile member, a return intended to form a chute delimited laterally by the web and the return and delimited at the bottom by the main inner surface of the flange,
      • the U-shaped profile member comprises one or two returns in order to respectively form one or two chutes,
      • the H-shaped profile member comprises one to four returns in order to respectively form between one and four chutes,
      • the chute or chutes are primarily used for ceilings and, preferably, those that have their bottom (corresponding to the main inner surface of the corresponding flange) towards the bottom, for the other arrangements of use, means for retaining cables or ducts being used to retain the latter in the chutes.
  • The invention also proposes a reinforced plate for a ship wall comprising laminated composite materials and specifically obtained by the method described. The reinforced plate therefore results from the method of stiffening plates and it is comprised of at least one pre-manufactured profile member fixed on a panel.
  • The invention also proposes a ship comprising at least one reinforced plate according to the invention, said ship being a surface craft or a semi-submersible or submersible craft.
  • Among the advantages of the invention, it makes it possible to respond to the specificities of this type of vehicle/ship: high resistance to fatigue and to cyclical stresses, as well as to corrosion in wet environments, and a low radar echo. This type of structure does not require any specific maintenance, contrary to the structures used in aeronautics, primarily comprised of carbon epoxy composite.
  • Other non-limiting and advantageous characteristics of the reinforced plate, can be taken individually or according to all technically permissible combinations using the means described in this application.
    • DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF AN EMBODIMENT
  • The following description with respect to the accompanying drawings, given as non-limiting examples, will indeed facilitate the understanding of what the inventions consists of and how it can be carried out.
  • In the accompany drawings:
  • FIG. 1 is a transverse cross-section view of a pre-manufactured H-shaped profile member, made of composite, and which has been assembled and fixed onto a composite panel,
  • FIG. 2 is a transverse cross-section view of a pre-manufactured U-shaped profile member, made of composite, and which has been assembled and fixed onto a composite panel,
  • FIG. 3 is a transverse cross-section view of an H-shaped stiffener created from a T-shaped pre-manufactured profile member, made of composite, and which has been assembled and fixed onto a composite panel with over laminating on the side of the panel, and
  • FIG. 4 is a transverse cross-section view of a pre-manufactured H-shaped profile member, made of composite, and which has been assembled and fixed onto a composite panel, said pre-manufactured profile member having two chutes due to the presence of two returns at the two free lateral ends of flanges.
    •
  • In relation with FIGS. 1 to 4 which are transverse/cross-section views, a reinforced/rigidified plate shall be described obtained by using pre-manufactured profile members of the invention. In these figures, a floor or a deck or a partition was created and it will be returned when it is installed in the structure of the ship, this explaining that the profile members are shown from the top, a position that facilitates the creating of the plate in question. Once this plate is in place in the structure of the ship, the profile members will be downwards, at the ceiling. In an alternative with a double plate, a second panel can be fixed on the flange represented as free, the one at the top, in these figures, with the double plate as such being comprised of two panels that are parallel to each other and connected by the pre-manufactured profile members.
  • The stiffening elements which are, in the scope of the invention, pre-manufactured profile members made of composite material, are arranged for example in strips or alignments that are parallel or not on the panel and according to a periodicity that depends on the desired resistance for the plate. These strips or alignments that are periodic or not can also be crossed between them.
  • Generally, the profile members are elongate elements that have a transverse cross-section of a determined shape comprising three continuous portions: two flat flanges in a straight profile member, straight if the section of the profile member is considered, and connected together by a flat web in a straight profile member, straight if the section of the profile member is considered. The flanges and the web when they are viewed as a transverse cross-section of the profile member are carried by separate axes, with the axis carrying the web crossing the two axes carrying the flanges typically at 90° and the two axes carrying the flanges are parallel to one another.
  • In FIG. 1, the plate 1 comprises a panel 2 made of laminated composite material whereon in fixed a pre-manufactured profile member 3 a with a transverse cross-section in the shape of an H made of laminated composite material. The panel 2 is substantially flat and the profile member 3 a is a straight elongate element. The pre-manufactured profile member 3 a comprises, seen as a transverse cross-section, two straight opposite flanges 7 and separated by a straight web 6, with the flanges being perpendicular to the web and being astride on the two opposite lateral edges (top and bottom in the figures with a transverse/cross-section) of the web. The flanges in this straight profile member are flat over their length and are carried by two planes that are parallel to one another. The web is flat over its length and is carried by a median plane that crosses the two planes carrying the flanges at 90°. The pre-manufactured profile member which is installed on the panel 2 is structurally rigid. This pre-manufactured profile member 3 a is obtained by stacking layers (or fabrics) of fibres which are finally taken in the resin. The layers (or fabrics) of fibres are continuous from one flange to the other by passing through the web. Typically, this is a composite made of oriented glass fibres and resin and the layers (or fabrics) of fibres are crossed between them at +/−45° in the stack of the layers. Furthermore, during the pre-manufacturing of the profile member, on the free surface of the flange which is the main outer surface of the flange (=surface of the flange on the side opposite the web), is furthermore disposed a complementary layer 10 of complementary layers (or fabrics) of fibres, with the whole also being taken by the resin. This complementary layer 10 can concern the free flange (the one that is not fixed to the panel) as shown in the figures or the other flange (not shown) or the two flanges of the profile member (not shown). Preferably, the orientation of the complementary layers of fibres of this additional layer 10 is 0°, i.e. in the longitudinal direction of the profile member. It shall be seen, in a particular embodiment, this pre-manufactured H-shaped profile member can result from a joining of two U-shaped forms of composite material. In another embodiment, this H-shaped profile member is manufactured in a single operation.
  • The flange 7, on the panel side 2, is fastened to the latter via structural gluing 4. As an alternative or a complement, a fastening via over-laminating and therefore with the adding of layers of fibres and resin, is possible. The gluing and/or the bonding with resin of the pre-manufactured profile members on the plate can use all the known techniques, in particular with regards to the adding of resin and/or of adhesive, with these elements being identical or not: the gluing of the pre-manufactured profile member that can be done with a compound corresponding to the resin used for creating the composite or another specific compound for gluing. For the taking of the resin and of the glue the same technique (for example heating, radiation, hardener/catalyst) can be used or a different technique. The profile members can, for example, be created via infusion, contact, “pre-preg” where the layers of fibres used are pre-impregnated with resin or, “pultrusion” of extrusion-drawing of the layers of fibres.
  • In FIG. 2, the plate 1 comprises a panel 2 made of composite material whereon is fixed a pre-manufactured profile member 3 b with a transverse cross-section in the shape of a U. In relation to the pre-manufactured H-shaped profile member of the preceding figure, the flanges 7′ are arranged laterally to a single and same lateral side of the web 6 but always towards the lateral edges (top bottom in figure) of the web. In an alternative not shown, the flanges can be on the lateral opposite sides, still without overlapping, of the web, with the transverse cross-section shape of the profile member then being closer to a Z than a U. In another alternative, one of the two flanges can be overlapping while the other is not. As hereinabove the layers of fibres are shown continuously extended between the two flanges by passing through the web and a complementary layer 10 is created on the free flange.
  • As an alternative embodiment, on the plate 1 of FIG. 3, there is indeed a stiffening element with transverse cross-section in the shape of an H but it was obtained from a T-shaped pre-manufactured profile member 3 c. For this, during the assembly and the fastening on the panel of the T-shaped pre-manufactured profile member 3 c, the T-shaped pre-manufactured profile member T 3 c was arranged against the panel 2 by the free lateral end (without flange, the one at the bottom in the figure) of its web 6 and layers of fibres 3 d were extended on each side between the web and the panel, with the whole then being taken in the resin in order to ensure a structural gluing 5 of the T-shaped profile member 3 c on the panel 2. With respect to the preceding examples, this solution requires an additional step of placing additional layers of fibres and of bonding with resin/gluing these additional layers, with the preceding examples requiring only a bonding with resin/gluing of the pre-manufactured profile member 3 a, 3 b on the panel 2. The layers of fibres are continuously extended between the flange and the web and a complementary layer 10 is created on the free flange. In less effective alternatives, it is possible to create an L-shaped pre-manufactured profile member with transverse cross-section therefore of which the flange is no longer astride on the lateral edge of the web and/or an additional placing of layers of fibres 3 d only on a single side of the web of the T-shaped or L-shaped profile member.
  • In FIG. 4, a reinforced plate 1 of that of the type of FIG. 1 is considered but the pre-manufactured H-shaped profile member 3 a that was used comprises this time chutes 9 obtained by creating returns 8 on the lateral ends of the free flange 7. These returns are oriented on the side of the web and are substantially parallel to the latter. These chutes can be used as a passage for cables or pipes. In an alternative as a complement or independently of the return 8, a metal chute or a metal strip is incorporated or glued/taken on the surface of the flange and possibly of the web and/or, optionally as a return, during the pre-manufacturing of the profile member, in the case where a relative shielding or a continuous ground/mass protection would be required.
  • Finally, in certain embodiments, through-openings can be pre-manufactured in the web in order to allow for the passage of ducts or cables through the web of the profile member.
  • A preferred embodiment of the pre-manufacturing of profile members of the invention shall now be described.
  • The base shape for the manufacturing of profile members is the U-shaped traverse cross-section, with the two flanges of the same lateral side of the web, with these three portions being substantially perpendicular between them. This U-shaped profile member is created via stacking of layers of fibres, more preferably of orientations crossed between them for the oriented layers. The layers are also continuous from one flange to the other for most of the layers or, better, all the layers. Once the resin soaking the fibres of the layers is polymerized/solidified, the pre-manufactured U-shaped profile member and which is rigid is obtained.
  • Preferably, the H-shaped pre-manufactured profile member with two flanges is obtained from the preceding U-shape form by joining/fastening web-against-web of two U-shaped profile members. For this it is possible, either to use two pre-manufactured U-shaped profile members and therefore rigid and joining and fastening together which makes it possible to obtain the H-shaped profile in two steps, or creation via stacking of layers of fibres with two U-shaped forms joined web-against-web and of which the resin is then polymerized, which makes it possible to directly obtain the rigid H-shaped profile member, in a single step. Given this embodiment wherein the layers of fibres are wholly separated into two sets belonging to the two lateral portions (each one as a U) of the H-shaped profile member, complementary extended layers of fibres are added between these two lateral portions and therefore extended at least on the main free outer surface of the flange. These complementary layers being of course also taken in the resin in order to form the pre-manufactured H-shaped profile member.
  • Alternatively, two U-shaped pre-manufactured profile members, instead of being joined web-against-web in order to form an H-shaped profile member, can be joined by the lateral ends of their respective flanges in order to form a tubular profile member with a substantially square or rectangular section according to the initial shapes of the U-shaped profile member, with complementary layers of layers of fibres being preferably created on these joined flanges in order to reinforce the fastening of the two U-shaped profile members.
  • Equivalently, a T-shaped or Z-shaped profile member can be manufactured from two joined L-shaped profile members and an H-shaped profile member can be manufactured from four joined L-shaped profile members. Other combinations are possible, for example to manufacture an H-shaped profile member it is possible to take a Z-shaped profile member and two L-shaped profile members. However, it is preferably chosen the embodiment that makes it possible to obtain the pre-manufactured profile member which is the more resistant in the application under consideration and this is in particular the case with H-shaped profile members obtained from two U-shaped profile members and with complementary layers of fibres on the flanges.
  • It is understood that the invention can be broken down in many other ways in the framework of the claims of this application. It is possible for example to create pre-manufactured T-shaped or L-shaped profile members with a single flange and it is fixed to the panel via this flange. Likewise, certain configurations of profile members, in particular U or L-shaped, allow for a fastening of the pre-manufactured profile member via application of the web on the panel instead of using the flange. For example, it is possible to pre-manufacture connecting profile members with an X or T or V shape as seen from above or from below or according to other shapes that correspond to a crossing or a connection between stiffening elements arranged according to longitudinal orientations that lead them to cross each other. As such, at the foreseen location of the crossing the pre-manufactured connection in the shape of an X will be arranged and its arms/branches will be extended by the pre-manufactured linear profile members described. Preferably, the transverse cross-sections of the arms of the pre-manufactured connection and of the pre-manufactured profile members that pursue them will be identical, for example all in H.
  • Moreover, particular shapes of the longitudinal ends of the profile members and/or connections can be provided, these forms being complementary between two ends of two profile members placed end-to-end, for example via partial overlapping or nest of ends. These shapes can, in particular, make it possible to provide a certain maintaining between the two profile members. Alternatively, or as a complement, pre-manufactured composite splice bar connectors can be fastened to the two longitudinal ends placed end-to-end of two profile members. Alternatively, pre-manufactured splice bars of a suitable shape, in particular an L, can be created for the perpendicular fastening between a longitudinal end of a first profile member and a full field, laterally, of a second profile member. In certain alternatives, one or several splice bars can be fastened or created at the origin on the pre-manufactured profile member.
  • By way of example of a pre-manufactured combination of connection or crossing and of complementary longitudinal ends, a crossing or a connection is created of which the longitudinal ends of arms are hollow and wherein the longitudinal ends of the profile members are nested are inserted.
  • Finally, although examples of applications with flat panels have been given, the invention can perfectly be applied to panels with a curved shape, the pre-manufactured profile members then being created curved with a shape complementary to that of the panel.

Claims (21)

1-12. (canceled)
13. Method for stiffening plates (1) intended for the creation of ship walls and comprising laminated composite materials, the laminated composite materials being constituted of stacks of layers of fibres impregnated with resin,
wherein,
at least one elongate profile member (3 a, 3 b, 3 c) made of laminated composite material is pre-manufactured having a transverse cross-section of a predetermined shape over the length thereof, with the pre-manufactured profile member (3 a, 3 b, 3 c) and obtained being rigid due to the polymerization of the resin that impregnated the layers of fibres that the profile member comprises, and,
and wherein a panel (2) is used having two main surfaces and comprising at least on the surface of at least one of its two main surfaces a laminated composite material, with the resin that impregnated the layers of fibres that the panel comprises being polymerized, and
said at least one pre-manufactured profile member (3 a, 3 b, 3 c) is assembled and attached together onto one of the main surfaces of said panel (2), with the main surface of the panel receiving the profile member comprising laminated composite material, and
wherein the pre-manufactured profile member (3 a, 3 b, 3 c) has a transverse cross-section of a determined shape that comprises three continuous portions: two flanges (7, 7′) and a web (6), the two flanges (7, 7′) and the web (6) being substantially straight in the transverse cross-section of the profile member, the two flanges (7, 7′) being connected together by the web, the web (6) being connected to the flanges (7, 7′) along its two opposite lateral edges, and
wherein the two flanges (7, 7′) and the web (6) are longitudinally extended over three separate planes, with the plane over which extends the web (6) crossing the two separate planes over which extend the flanges (7, 7′), with the two planes over which extend the two flanges (7, 7′) being parallel to each other and crossing the plane over which the web (6) extends with an angle of about 90°, each flange (7, 7′) having two main surfaces, a main inner surface on the side of the web (6) and a main outer free surface opposite the preceding one, one of the two flanges (7, 7′) of the pre-manufactured profile member being applied by its main outer free surface on the panel.
14. Method according to claim 13, wherein a pre-manufactured profile member (3 b) is used of which the two flanges (7′) are of the same lateral side of the web, the transverse cross-section of the profile member (3 b) being U-shaped.
15. Method according to claim 14, wherein in the U-shaped profile member at least one portion of the fibre layers is continuously extended from one flange to the other.
16. Method according to claim 14, wherein a pre-manufactured profile member (3 a) is used of which the two flanges (7) are astride two lateral edges of the web (6), the transverse cross-section of the profile member (3 a) being H-shaped, the pre-manufactured H-shaped profile member resulting from the reunion during the manufacture thereof of two U-shaped forms of composite material arranged web-against-web.
17. Method according to claim 15, wherein a pre-manufactured profile member (3 a) is used of which the two flanges (7) are astride two lateral edges of the web (6), the transverse cross-section of the profile member (3 a) being H-shaped, the pre-manufactured H-shaped profile member resulting from the reunion during the manufacture thereof of two U-shaped forms of composite material arranged web-against-web.
18. Method according to claim 14, wherein a pre-manufactured profile member (3 a) is used that is tubular, the pre-manufactured tubular profile member resulting from the reunion during the manufacture thereof of two U-shaped forms of composite material arranged lateral end of flange against lateral end of flange.
19. Method according to claim 15, wherein a pre-manufactured profile member (3 a) is used that is tubular, the pre-manufactured tubular profile member resulting from the reunion during the manufacture thereof of two U-shaped forms of composite material arranged lateral end of flange against lateral end of flange.
20. Method according to claim 16, wherein, furthermore, during the pre-manufacturing of the H-shaped or tubular profile member, a complementary layer (10) is added of complementary fibre layers on the main outer free surface of at least the flange that is not intended to be applied on the panel.
21. Method according to claim 17, wherein, furthermore, during the pre-manufacturing of the H-shaped or tubular profile member, a complementary layer (10) is added of complementary fibre layers on the main outer free surface of at least the flange that is not intended to be applied on the panel.
22. Method according to claim 18, wherein, furthermore, during the pre-manufacturing of the H-shaped or tubular profile member, a complementary layer (10) is added of complementary fibre layers on the main outer free surface of at least the flange that is not intended to be applied on the panel.
23. Method according to claim 19, wherein, furthermore, during the pre-manufacturing of the H-shaped or tubular profile member, a complementary layer (10) is added of complementary fibre layers on the main outer free surface of at least the flange that is not intended to be applied on the panel.
24. Method according to claim 13, wherein, alternatively, a pre-manufactured profile member (3 c) is used of which the traverse cross-section is T-shaped with a single flange (7) astride one of the two lateral edges of the web (6) and wherein during the assembly and the fastening to the panel of the pre-manufactured profile member, the lateral free edge of the web (6) of the pre-manufactured profile member is placed on the main surface of the panel (2) and the second flange, on the panel (2) side, is created, by lamination (3 d) of additional layers of fibres extended between the web (6) and the panel (2) as well as resin (5), this for the two lateral sides of the web (6), in order to obtain a fixed H-shaped profile member with a transverse cross-section.
25. Method according to claim 13, wherein the pre-manufactured profile members (3 a, 3 b, 3 c) are fixed to the panels (2) by at least one of the following techniques: gluing (4, 5) or mechanical clamping, the gluing being carried out with or without adding additional layers of fibres, the mechanical clamping being chosen from screwing, bolting, riveting, the gluing being in particular a vacuum gluing.
26. Method according to claim 13, wherein, for at least one of the two flanges (7, 7′), the main inner surface of the flange comprises towards it free end, in the case of a U-shaped profile member (3 b), or at least one of its two free ends, in the case of an H-shaped or T-shaped profile member (3 a, 3 c), a return (8) intended to form a chute (9) delimited laterally by the web (6) and the return (8) and delimited at the bottom by the main inner surface of the flange (7, 7′).
27. Method according to claim 13, wherein layers of oriented fibres are used and between them are crossed the various layers of fibres.
28. Reinforced plate (1) for a ship wall comprising laminated composite materials, wherein it is specifically obtained through the method of claim 13.
29. Reinforced plate (1) for a ship wall comprising laminated composite materials, wherein it is specifically obtained through the method of claim 16.
30. Reinforced plate (1) for a ship wall comprising laminated composite materials, wherein it is specifically obtained through the method of claim 20.
31. Reinforced plate (1) for a ship wall comprising laminated composite materials, wherein it is specifically obtained through the method of claim 24.
32. Ship comprising at least one reinforced plate according to claim 30, said ship being a surface craft or a semi-submersible or submersible craft.
US16/068,744 2016-01-08 2017-01-05 Method for stiffening plates intended for the creation of ship walls and comprising laminated composite materials, and resulting plate Abandoned US20190031292A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1650144A FR3046595B1 (en) 2016-01-08 2016-01-08 STRAIGHTENING PROCESS FOR PLATES INTENDED FOR THE REALIZATION OF SHIP WALLS CONTAINING LAMINATED COMPOSITE MATERIALS, PLATE OBTAINED
FR1650144 2016-01-08
PCT/FR2017/050029 WO2017118819A1 (en) 2016-01-08 2017-01-05 Method for stiffening plates intended for the creation of ship walls and comprising laminated composite materials, and resulting plate

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US4786343A (en) * 1985-05-10 1988-11-22 The Boeing Company Method of making delamination resistant composites
DE102006026167B3 (en) * 2006-06-06 2007-12-13 Airbus Deutschland Gmbh Lightweight structural panel
FR2952581B1 (en) * 2009-11-18 2012-01-06 Daher Aerospace PANEL IN COMPOSITE MATERIAL

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