US20190005321A1 - Method and System for Document Authenticity Verification - Google Patents
Method and System for Document Authenticity Verification Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20190005321A1 US20190005321A1 US16/126,862 US201816126862A US2019005321A1 US 20190005321 A1 US20190005321 A1 US 20190005321A1 US 201816126862 A US201816126862 A US 201816126862A US 2019005321 A1 US2019005321 A1 US 2019005321A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- document
- refractive index
- interest
- oct
- paper
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 title abstract description 3
- 238000012014 optical coherence tomography Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 18
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003252 repetitive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- G06K9/00442—
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
- G07D—HANDLING OF COINS OR VALUABLE PAPERS, e.g. TESTING, SORTING BY DENOMINATIONS, COUNTING, DISPENSING, CHANGING OR DEPOSITING
- G07D7/00—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency
- G07D7/06—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency using wave or particle radiation
- G07D7/12—Visible light, infrared or ultraviolet radiation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
- B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
- B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
- B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
- B42D25/36—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery comprising special materials
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
- B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
- B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
- B42D25/40—Manufacture
- B42D25/405—Marking
- B42D25/425—Marking by deformation, e.g. embossing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
- B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
- B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
- B42D25/40—Manufacture
- B42D25/45—Associating two or more layers
- B42D25/465—Associating two or more layers using chemicals or adhesives
- B42D25/47—Associating two or more layers using chemicals or adhesives using adhesives
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/47—Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/47—Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection
- G01N21/4795—Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection spatially resolved investigating of object in scattering medium
Definitions
- the invention relates to non-invasive imaging and analysis techniques such as Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT).
- OCT Optical Coherence Tomography
- it relates using optical interferometric techniques to monitor or measure sub-surface attributes of documents such as bank notes (paper currency), legal documents or documents containing highly confidential information.
- OCT optical coherence tomography
- TD-OCT Time Domain OCT
- SLD super-luminescent diode
- MRO Multiple Reference OCT
- FD-OCT Fourier Domain OCT
- SS-OCT Swept Source OCT
- TD-OCT narrow band laser optical source whose frequency (or wavelength) is swept (or varied) over a broad wavelength range.
- TD-OCT the bandwidth of the broadband optical source determines the depth resolution.
- SS-OCT the wavelength range over which the optical source is swept determines the depth resolution.
- SD-OCT Spectral Domain OCT
- OCT depth scans can provide useful sub-surface information including, but not limited to: sub-surface images of regions of targets; measurement of thickness of layers of targets. More generally OCT depth scans can provide useful sub-surface information regarding attributes of targets.
- Documents such as bank notes and legal documents require security features to protect against counterfeit documents. There is an on-going need for improved protection of valuable documents against counterfeiting.
- OCT optical coherence tomography
- the invention meets at least all of the unmet needs cited hereinabove.
- the invention provides a system and method for secure document verification.
- embedded information consists of marks embedded in the interior of the document and are comprised of regions that have refractive index modified to carry information.
- the marks are not discernable by conventional imaging, spectroscopic or optical polarization techniques, but are discernable by interferometric techniques, such as optical coherence tomography. Multiple alternate embodiments are taught.
- the embedded information consists of marks embedded in the interior of the document and are comprised of regions that have refractive index modified to carry information.
- the marks are not discernable by conventional imaging, spectroscopic or optical polarization techniques, but are discernable by interferometric techniques, such as optical coherence tomography.
- the marks are systematically aligned spatially and constitute an encoded data sequence with error correction code-words.
- the marks are randomly spatially distributed in the manufacturing process of the paper of base document.
- the method of uniquely identifying a document of interest comprises the steps of a) embedding in the document at least one region where said region has a predetermined refractive index; and b) scanning, using an optical coherence tomography device, said document and measuring optical path length data signal obtained from said embedded region.
- the invention also teaches a method of manufacturing a secure document base material for wherein document authenticity is ensured by embedded regions in said base material, where a first portion of said embedded regions having at least a first refractive index and a second portion of said embedded regions having at least a second refractive index, and where said first refractive index is not equal said second refractive index, such that said document authenticity is verifiable by measuring optical path length using a scanning optical coherence tomography device.
- FIG. 1 is an illustration of an edge-on or side view of a document depicting the location of the embedded data layer according to the invention. It also depicts an en-face view of the document depicting typical data mark and space sequences.
- FIG. 2 depicts a short mark-space sequence; a detailed edge-on view of the mark-space sequence showing regions of different refractive index; and the associated data pattern.
- FIG. 3 depicts the short mark-space sequence of FIG. 2 ; a detailed edge-on view of the mark-space sequence showing an alternate embodiment of the regions of different refractive index; and the associated data pattern.
- FIG. 4 illustrates the data layer in a document and also illustrates an en-face view of the document depicting randomly spatially distributed data mark and space regions.
- FIG. 1 illustrates an edge-on or side view 101 of a document depicting the location of the embedded data layer 103 . It also depicts an en-face view 105 of the document depicting the spatial outline of typical data mark and space sequences.
- Mark 107 is an outline of one mark of a repetitive mark-space sequence used for registration. Below the registration mark-space sequence are two data carrying mark-space sequences.
- Data can be encoded on the mark-space sequences by conventional data encoding techniques such as a run-length encoding technique as used, for example, encoding data on a DVD optical disc.
- Data integrity can be enhanced by the inclusion of error correction code-words, such as one or two dimensional Reed-Solomon error correction code-words.
- mark 109 An example of a short mark is depicted as mark 109 while region 111 depicts two different length marks separated by a short space and preceded and followed by spaces.
- An expanded view of this mark-space sequence is depicted in the dashed rectangle 113 .
- FIG. 2 again depicts an en-face view of the mark-space sequence 201 with a double arrow 203 indicating the location of the cross-sectional or edge-on view of the same region 205 of the document.
- the detailed edge-on view 205 of the mark-space sequence shows a top region 207 of paper (or the material of the document, which material is also referred to as the base document).
- the region 207 is the top layer of the paper and has a refractive index ⁇ p while the data layer 209 has alternating regions of two different refractive indices ⁇ A and ⁇ B corresponding to spaces and marks.
- the bottom layer of the paper 211 typically has the same refractive index ⁇ p as the top layer 207 , although, if useful it could be a different refractive index.
- An OCT probe beam indicated by 213 that acquires depth scans of the paper, where such depth scans are in the direction indicated by the block arrow 213 and where the optical probe beam also scans the paper in a lateral direction indicated by the arrow 215 .
- the data layer 209 has alternating regions of two different refractive indices ⁇ A and ⁇ b corresponding to spaces and marks, the optical thickness of the regions corresponding to the marks and the spaces. This causes the optical path-lengths of the alternating regions to be different, which causes the apparent distance to the layer boundary 217 to vary depending on whether a space or a mark region is above it.
- the apparent distance to the bottom surface of the paper 219 varies depending on whether a space or a mark region is above the bottom layer 211 .
- the resultant optical path-length related data signal, depicted as 221 can be readily extracted from the interference signal or signals from a scanning OCT system.
- a practical example of such data encoded paper would be the three layers 207 , 209 and 211 all being paper, but with the center layer 209 having holes where the spaces of the mark-space array are located.
- the layers are bonded together with a bonding material with a refractive index different from the paper, that the fills the spaces.
- FIG. 3 An alternate embodiment is depicted in FIG. 3 where the edge-on view 305 depicts a top paper layer 307 as before, but with the data layer consisting of regions 309 with alternating values of refractive index, indicated by A and B, with a complimentary layer 311 of alternating values of refractive index, indicated by B and A.
- the bottom layer 313 is as before.
- the optical path-length to the boundary 315 varies with the different refractive indices and can be scanned by an OCT system to generate the data signal 317 from processed interference signals.
- This embodiment has the advantage that the total optical thickness of the paper is substantially the same at any point.
- FIG. 4 An alternate embodiment is illustrated in FIG. 4 where an edge-on view 401 of paper depicts the data layer 403 .
- An en-face view 405 depicts the locations of regions of different refractive index(s), with randomly varying shape, that are distributed randomly through-out the paper (or base document).
- the regions of different refractive index consist of adhesive or bonding material that has a refractive index different from the refractive index of the paper.
- the irregular shapes and random distribution are a consequence of the manufacturing and bonding process of the two components of the paper.
- a detailed view of the cross-section of a region indicated by 407 is depicted in 409 where the top portion 411 of the paper has voids, one of which is indicated by 413 , which are filled by the adhesive or bonding material with refractive index ⁇ A different from the refractive index ⁇ p of the paper. Also depicted is the bottom portion 415 of the paper which also has a refractive index ⁇ p .
- OCT depth scans of the paper are processed to generate a data pattern at a depth indicated by the dashed arrow 417 .
- the voids, such as 413 , that are filled with the bonding material are either a natural consequence of the paper manufacturing process or embossed by a template with a pseudo-random pattern.
- a spatially aligned pattern of voids is imposed or embossed on one portion of the paper to generate a spatially aligned data pattern based on voids filled with bonding material (and the spaces between them).
- the paper (or base document) consists of one or more layers and the random data pattern is a consequence of randomly distributed structural elements that are generated by the manufacturing process, and where such structural elements are discernable by an OCT system.
- Aligned data patterns provide added security against counterfeiting of legal documents, such as bank notes, by including an OCT scanner in bank note readers.
- the additional security resides in the difficulty in reproducing the paper with these security marks included.
- Such data sequences are very robust, availing of conventional channel coding, such as (2, 10) run length limited coding and conventional error correction techniques, such as Reed Solomon error correction code-words, similar to those of a DVD disc data sequence.
- OCT is used to scan the complete document and thereby acquire a complete volume image of the scattering properties of the document. Random structural elements provide the equivalent of a 3D fingerprint of the document.
- a bank note including one or more data sequences, discernable only by an OCT reader are embedded in the structure of the paper aligned with known locations on the bank note.
- the authenticity of the bank note is determinable by an OCT scanner that is installed in a conventional bank note analyzer where such an OCT scanner has access to information about the embedded data.
- the information about the embedded data available to the OCT scanner is the error corrected data. In other embodiments the information about the embedded data available to the OCT scanner is a hash of the error corrected data.
- the particular small portion of the 3D fingerprint of the paper of the bank note used in the above manner is periodically changed to a different location on the bank note.
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Credit Cards Or The Like (AREA)
- Inspection Of Paper Currency And Valuable Securities (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a system and method for secure document verification. In the preferred embodiment, embedded information consists of marks embedded in the interior of the document and are comprised of regions that have refractive index modified to carry information. In the preferred embodiment the marks are not discernable by conventional imaging, spectroscopic or optical polarization techniques, but are discernably by interferometric techniques, such as optical coherence tomography. Multiple alternate embodiments are taught.
Description
- This application claims priority from U.S. provisional patent application No. 62/197,079, filed Jul. 26, 2015, the entirety of which is incorporated by reference as if fully set forth herein.
- This invention is related to U.S. Pat. No. 7,526,329 titled Multiple reference non-invasive analysis system and U.S. Pat. No. 7,751,862 titled Frequency resolved imaging system, the contents of both of which are incorporated by reference herein as if fully set forth.
- The invention relates to non-invasive imaging and analysis techniques such as Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT). In particular it relates using optical interferometric techniques to monitor or measure sub-surface attributes of documents such as bank notes (paper currency), legal documents or documents containing highly confidential information.
- Non-invasive imaging and analysis of targets using optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a powerful technique for acquiring sub-surface information embedded in targets without damaging the target or system being analyzed.
- The embedded information in a particular sheet of paper of base document can be imaged and analyzed by Optical coherence tomography (OCT), a technology for non-invasive imaging and analysis. There are more than one OCT techniques. Time Domain OCT (TD-OCT) typically uses a broadband optical source with a short coherence length, such as a super-luminescent diode (SLD), to probe and analyze or image a target.
- Multiple Reference OCT (MRO) is a version of TD-OCT that uses multiple reference signals. Another OCT technique is Fourier Domain OCT (FD-OCT). A version of Fourier Domain OCT, called Swept Source OCT (SS-OCT), typically uses a narrow band laser optical source whose frequency (or wavelength) is swept (or varied) over a broad wavelength range. In TD-OCT systems the bandwidth of the broadband optical source determines the depth resolution. In SS-OCT systems the wavelength range over which the optical source is swept determines the depth resolution.
- Another version of Fourier Domain OCT, often referred to as Spectral Domain OCT (SD-OCT), typically uses a broad band optical source and a spectrometer to separate out wavelengths and detect signals at different wavelengths by means of a multi-segment detector.
- OCT depth scans can provide useful sub-surface information including, but not limited to: sub-surface images of regions of targets; measurement of thickness of layers of targets. More generally OCT depth scans can provide useful sub-surface information regarding attributes of targets.
- Documents, such as bank notes and legal documents require security features to protect against counterfeit documents. There is an on-going need for improved protection of valuable documents against counterfeiting. The ability of OCT to analyze information embedded within a target enables adding a security layer to documents by embedding information or data during the manufacturing process of the paper (or base document).
- The invention meets at least all of the unmet needs cited hereinabove.
- The invention provides a system and method for secure document verification.
- In the preferred embodiment, embedded information consists of marks embedded in the interior of the document and are comprised of regions that have refractive index modified to carry information. In the preferred embodiment the marks are not discernable by conventional imaging, spectroscopic or optical polarization techniques, but are discernable by interferometric techniques, such as optical coherence tomography. Multiple alternate embodiments are taught.
- In the case of valuable or legal documents, such as bank notes, information can be systematically encoded in a manner that is difficult to reproduce, thereby providing additional barriers to counterfeiting. In the preferred embodiment the embedded information consists of marks embedded in the interior of the document and are comprised of regions that have refractive index modified to carry information. In the preferred embodiment the marks are not discernable by conventional imaging, spectroscopic or optical polarization techniques, but are discernable by interferometric techniques, such as optical coherence tomography. In some embodiments the marks are systematically aligned spatially and constitute an encoded data sequence with error correction code-words. In some embodiments the marks are randomly spatially distributed in the manufacturing process of the paper of base document.
- In the preferred embodiment, the method of uniquely identifying a document of interest, comprises the steps of a) embedding in the document at least one region where said region has a predetermined refractive index; and b) scanning, using an optical coherence tomography device, said document and measuring optical path length data signal obtained from said embedded region.
- The invention also teaches a method of manufacturing a secure document base material for wherein document authenticity is ensured by embedded regions in said base material, where a first portion of said embedded regions having at least a first refractive index and a second portion of said embedded regions having at least a second refractive index, and where said first refractive index is not equal said second refractive index, such that said document authenticity is verifiable by measuring optical path length using a scanning optical coherence tomography device.
- Various alternate embodiments are taught, as can be seen by reference to the figures included herewith.
- The drawings provided as an aid to understanding the invention are:
-
FIG. 1 is an illustration of an edge-on or side view of a document depicting the location of the embedded data layer according to the invention. It also depicts an en-face view of the document depicting typical data mark and space sequences. -
FIG. 2 depicts a short mark-space sequence; a detailed edge-on view of the mark-space sequence showing regions of different refractive index; and the associated data pattern. -
FIG. 3 depicts the short mark-space sequence ofFIG. 2 ; a detailed edge-on view of the mark-space sequence showing an alternate embodiment of the regions of different refractive index; and the associated data pattern. -
FIG. 4 illustrates the data layer in a document and also illustrates an en-face view of the document depicting randomly spatially distributed data mark and space regions. - The preferred embodiment of
FIG. 1 illustrates an edge-on orside view 101 of a document depicting the location of the embeddeddata layer 103. It also depicts an en-face view 105 of the document depicting the spatial outline of typical data mark and space sequences. Mark 107 is an outline of one mark of a repetitive mark-space sequence used for registration. Below the registration mark-space sequence are two data carrying mark-space sequences. - Data can be encoded on the mark-space sequences by conventional data encoding techniques such as a run-length encoding technique as used, for example, encoding data on a DVD optical disc. Data integrity can be enhanced by the inclusion of error correction code-words, such as one or two dimensional Reed-Solomon error correction code-words.
- An example of a short mark is depicted as
mark 109 whileregion 111 depicts two different length marks separated by a short space and preceded and followed by spaces. An expanded view of this mark-space sequence is depicted in thedashed rectangle 113. -
FIG. 2 again depicts an en-face view of the mark-space sequence 201 with adouble arrow 203 indicating the location of the cross-sectional or edge-on view of thesame region 205 of the document. The detailed edge-onview 205 of the mark-space sequence shows atop region 207 of paper (or the material of the document, which material is also referred to as the base document). - The
region 207 is the top layer of the paper and has a refractive index μp while thedata layer 209 has alternating regions of two different refractive indices μA and μB corresponding to spaces and marks. The bottom layer of thepaper 211 typically has the same refractive index μp as thetop layer 207, although, if useful it could be a different refractive index. - An OCT probe beam indicated by 213 that acquires depth scans of the paper, where such depth scans are in the direction indicated by the
block arrow 213 and where the optical probe beam also scans the paper in a lateral direction indicated by thearrow 215. - The
data layer 209 has alternating regions of two different refractive indices μA and μb corresponding to spaces and marks, the optical thickness of the regions corresponding to the marks and the spaces. This causes the optical path-lengths of the alternating regions to be different, which causes the apparent distance to thelayer boundary 217 to vary depending on whether a space or a mark region is above it. - Similarly the apparent distance to the bottom surface of the
paper 219 varies depending on whether a space or a mark region is above thebottom layer 211. The resultant optical path-length related data signal, depicted as 221, can be readily extracted from the interference signal or signals from a scanning OCT system. - A practical example of such data encoded paper would be the three
layers center layer 209 having holes where the spaces of the mark-space array are located. The layers are bonded together with a bonding material with a refractive index different from the paper, that the fills the spaces. - An alternate embodiment is depicted in
FIG. 3 where the edge-onview 305 depicts atop paper layer 307 as before, but with the data layer consisting ofregions 309 with alternating values of refractive index, indicated by A and B, with acomplimentary layer 311 of alternating values of refractive index, indicated by B and A. Thebottom layer 313 is as before. - In this embodiment the optical path-length to the
boundary 315 varies with the different refractive indices and can be scanned by an OCT system to generate the data signal 317 from processed interference signals. This embodiment has the advantage that the total optical thickness of the paper is substantially the same at any point. - An alternate embodiment is illustrated in
FIG. 4 where an edge-onview 401 of paper depicts thedata layer 403. An en-face view 405 depicts the locations of regions of different refractive index(s), with randomly varying shape, that are distributed randomly through-out the paper (or base document). - In one embodiment the regions of different refractive index consist of adhesive or bonding material that has a refractive index different from the refractive index of the paper. The irregular shapes and random distribution are a consequence of the manufacturing and bonding process of the two components of the paper.
- A detailed view of the cross-section of a region indicated by 407 is depicted in 409 where the
top portion 411 of the paper has voids, one of which is indicated by 413, which are filled by the adhesive or bonding material with refractive index μA different from the refractive index μp of the paper. Also depicted is thebottom portion 415 of the paper which also has a refractive index μp. - OCT depth scans of the paper are processed to generate a data pattern at a depth indicated by the dashed
arrow 417. The voids, such as 413, that are filled with the bonding material are either a natural consequence of the paper manufacturing process or embossed by a template with a pseudo-random pattern. - In another embodiment a spatially aligned pattern of voids is imposed or embossed on one portion of the paper to generate a spatially aligned data pattern based on voids filled with bonding material (and the spaces between them).
- In another embodiment, the paper (or base document) consists of one or more layers and the random data pattern is a consequence of randomly distributed structural elements that are generated by the manufacturing process, and where such structural elements are discernable by an OCT system.
- Aligned data patterns provide added security against counterfeiting of legal documents, such as bank notes, by including an OCT scanner in bank note readers. In one embodiment where one or more data sequences are aligned with known locations on the document, the additional security resides in the difficulty in reproducing the paper with these security marks included.
- Such data sequences are very robust, availing of conventional channel coding, such as (2, 10) run length limited coding and conventional error correction techniques, such as Reed Solomon error correction code-words, similar to those of a DVD disc data sequence.
- In another embodiment, OCT is used to scan the complete document and thereby acquire a complete volume image of the scattering properties of the document. Random structural elements provide the equivalent of a 3D fingerprint of the document.
- Using a manufacturing process that ensures such structural elements are randomly distributed ensures each 3D fingerprint is unique and extremely difficult to counterfeit. Here the additional security resides in the difficulty in reproducing the document with the same 3D fingerprint.
- Various security systems can be devised based on combinations of imposed aligned data mark sequences and one or more segments of the random 3D fingerprint. This general approach is enabled by the ubiquitous availability of a low cost OCT scanner.
- For example a bank note including one or more data sequences, discernable only by an OCT reader are embedded in the structure of the paper aligned with known locations on the bank note. The authenticity of the bank note is determinable by an OCT scanner that is installed in a conventional bank note analyzer where such an OCT scanner has access to information about the embedded data.
- In some embodiments the information about the embedded data available to the OCT scanner is the error corrected data. In other embodiments the information about the embedded data available to the OCT scanner is a hash of the error corrected data.
- Additionally details of the location and 3D image of a small portion of the 3D fingerprint of the paper of the bank note is available to the OCT scanner.
- In some embodiments the particular small portion of the 3D fingerprint of the paper of the bank note used in the above manner is periodically changed to a different location on the bank note.
- Many variations of the above embodiments are possible. The embodiments are applicable to documents other than bank notes, such as credit cards, driving licenses, passports, wills property titles, etc. The scope of this invention should be determined with reference to the description and the drawings along with the full scope of equivalents as applied thereto.
Claims (5)
1. A method of uniquely identifying a document of interest, said document of interest being composed of at least a first material, comprising the steps of:
obtaining optical coherence tomography depth scans of said first material, said first material having a first refractive index and within said first material a second material having a second refractive index, and where said second material occurs as a consequence of manufacturing of said first material;
processing said depth scans;
generating a data pattern at a predetermined depth,
where said data pattern constitutes a unique identifier said document of interest.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein said second material is introduced as an adhesive material in the course of manufacture of said document of interest.
3. The method of claim 1 further including the step of obtaining OCT depth scans of two or more layers in said first material.
4. The method claim 1 further including the step of obtaining, using optical coherence tomography, a three dimensional image of a small portion of said document of interest, which said image and location of said image serve to uniquely identify said document of interest.
5. A method of uniquely identifying a document of interest, said document of interest being composed of at least a first material, comprising the steps of:
obtaining optical coherence tomography depth scans of said first material, said first material having a first refractive index and within said first material a second material having a second refractive index, and where said second material occurs as a predetermined consequence of manufacturing of said first material;
processing said depth scans;
generating a data pattern at a predetermined depth,
where said data pattern constitutes a unique identifier said document of interest.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US16/126,862 US20190005321A1 (en) | 2015-07-26 | 2018-09-10 | Method and System for Document Authenticity Verification |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US201562197079P | 2015-07-26 | 2015-07-26 | |
US15/218,348 US10102424B2 (en) | 2015-07-26 | 2016-07-25 | Method and system for document authenticity verification |
US16/126,862 US20190005321A1 (en) | 2015-07-26 | 2018-09-10 | Method and System for Document Authenticity Verification |
Related Parent Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US15/218,348 Division US10102424B2 (en) | 2015-07-26 | 2016-07-25 | Method and system for document authenticity verification |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20190005321A1 true US20190005321A1 (en) | 2019-01-03 |
Family
ID=57837201
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US15/218,348 Expired - Fee Related US10102424B2 (en) | 2015-07-26 | 2016-07-25 | Method and system for document authenticity verification |
US16/126,862 Abandoned US20190005321A1 (en) | 2015-07-26 | 2018-09-10 | Method and System for Document Authenticity Verification |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US15/218,348 Expired - Fee Related US10102424B2 (en) | 2015-07-26 | 2016-07-25 | Method and system for document authenticity verification |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US10102424B2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN114724299B (en) * | 2022-04-01 | 2023-09-12 | 公安部物证鉴定中心 | Banknote authenticity identification method and system based on tomographic image characteristics |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6584214B1 (en) * | 1999-04-23 | 2003-06-24 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Identification and verification using complex, three-dimensional structural features |
DE10127979C1 (en) * | 2001-06-08 | 2002-11-07 | Ovd Kinegram Ag Zug | Diffractive security element for verifying document validity has mosaic of optical structure elements overlaid by individual cell pattern |
US7221512B2 (en) * | 2002-01-24 | 2007-05-22 | Nanoventions, Inc. | Light control material for displaying color information, and images |
GB0305606D0 (en) * | 2003-03-12 | 2003-04-16 | Univ The Glasgow | Security labelling |
US7751862B2 (en) | 2004-08-19 | 2010-07-06 | Fp Technology | Frequency resolved imaging system |
US7526329B2 (en) | 2004-08-19 | 2009-04-28 | Hogan Josh N | Multiple reference non-invasive analysis system |
US9244011B2 (en) * | 2011-11-16 | 2016-01-26 | Luna Innovations Incorporated | Method and apparatus for OFDR-based electrophoresis |
-
2016
- 2016-07-25 US US15/218,348 patent/US10102424B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2018
- 2018-09-10 US US16/126,862 patent/US20190005321A1/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US10102424B2 (en) | 2018-10-16 |
US20170024909A1 (en) | 2017-01-26 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US6584214B1 (en) | Identification and verification using complex, three-dimensional structural features | |
US8615475B2 (en) | Self-calibration | |
Clarkson et al. | Fingerprinting blank paper using commodity scanners | |
US10614280B2 (en) | System and method for fingerprint validation | |
JP4599320B2 (en) | Fingerprint authentication device, biometric finger determination device, and biometric finger determination method | |
Chatterjee et al. | Anti-spoof touchless 3D fingerprint recognition system using single shot fringe projection and biospeckle analysis | |
KR20170035343A (en) | Method for extracting morphological characteristics from a sample of biological material | |
US11430234B2 (en) | Method of authentication using surface paper texture | |
JP2011521373A (en) | Linearize scanned data | |
KR20140139530A (en) | Unique identification information from marked features | |
US10719688B2 (en) | Frustrated total internal reflection fingerprint detector | |
US20200356047A1 (en) | Holographic device | |
US20190005321A1 (en) | Method and System for Document Authenticity Verification | |
US11023723B2 (en) | Optical puf and optical reading of a security element | |
Moolla et al. | Optical coherence tomography for fingerprint presentation attack detection | |
JP2011238056A (en) | Authenticity discrimination method of image forming material | |
JP2011158395A (en) | Detection method and detector of information on cross-sectional structure of paper sheet | |
Khan et al. | Inverse SORS for detecting a low Raman‐active turbid sample placed inside a highly Raman‐active diffusely scattering matrix–A feasibility study | |
Kwon et al. | The enhanced digital image correlation technique for feature tracking during drying of wood | |
EP3625724B1 (en) | A method to authenticate a substrate using speckle patterns and a device to perform the method | |
Aliaga et al. | Genuinity signatures: Designing signatures for verifying 3d object genuinity | |
WO2019155206A1 (en) | Determining a unique identifier for an optically read security element | |
WO2019191852A1 (en) | Security document with individualized window | |
Cozzella et al. | Is it possible to use biometric techniques as authentication solution for objects? Biometry vs. hylemetry | |
US11933610B2 (en) | Optical tomography system and method of using |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
STPP | Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general |
Free format text: NON FINAL ACTION MAILED |
|
STCB | Information on status: application discontinuation |
Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION |