US2018774A - Rotary cutter - Google Patents

Description

Oct. 29, 1935. E. A. BESSOM ROTARY CUTTER Filed July 28, 1931 2 Sheets-Sheet l Oct. 29, 1935. E. A. BESSOM I 2,018,774

ROTARY CUTTER Filed July 28, 1931 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 VEN TUE- Patented Oct. 29, 1935 UNITED STATES ROTARY CUTTER Earl A. Bessom, Marblchead, Mass., assignor to United Shoe Machinery Corporation, Paterson, N. J., a, corporation of New Jersey Application July 28, 1931, Serial No. 553,597

25 Claims. (01. 12-315) This invention relates to cutters and is exemplified herein with reference to rotary cutters designed to trim material from the soles of shoes.

In order to prepare'shoes for the reception of heels such, for example, as the wood heels commonly attached to womens shoes, it is customary to reduce the rear marginal portion of each of the soles by a beveling cut in order to provide a reduced heel-seat portion of the sole or tongue, which will fit within the concave attaching face of the heel to be attached to the shoe, and then to form upon the sole at the breast line thereof shoulders extending transversely of the sole and against which the top lateral portions of the breast of the heel engage.

In fitting the heel seat of a shoe by a machine of the type disclosed in United States Letters Patent No. 1,837,399, granted December 22, 1931 on an application, filed in my name, the heel-seat portion of a sole attached to a shoe is reduced in size by a rotary cutter which is commonly referred to as a back cutter and which rotates about an axis disposed at right angles to the plane of the sole as it is moved in a horseshoe-shaped path around the rear part of the sole from one edge of the sole to the other, thereby to form a horseshoe-shaped tongue which is beveled around its marginal portion and serves as a seat for the heel. The above-mentioned machine is also provided with a cutter which, after the heel seat is reduced in size by the back cutter, is moved transversely across the sole from one edge of the sole to the other, successively to form at the opposite lateral portions of the sole heel-breast receiving shoulders, and at the same time to trim or to wing out sole material immediately rearward of the shoulders in order to extend the beveled marginal portion of the heel seat up to the shoulders, thereby forming well-defined dihedral angles between the shoulders and the beveled portion of the reduced heel seat or tongue. The shoulder-forming cutter above mentioned may also be used to fit heel-seat portions of short soles such, for example, as those fitted in a machine of the type disclosed in United States Letters Patent No. 1,645,566, filed in the name of E. E. Winkley, without requiring the use of a back cutter.

It is an object of this invention to provide an improved rotary cutter by the use of which heelbreast receiving shoulders may be quickly and With the above objects in view, and in accordance with a feature of this invention, each of the two cutters illustrated herein is provided with an advancing spiral cutting edge formed by a pair of faces defining an acute angle, said edge facing substantially in the direction of the axis of rotation of the cutter and said spiral tapering in opposite directions from an intermediate portion located at a maximum distance from the. axis of rotation of the cutter. One of the illustrated cutters is provided with a single spiral cutting edge lying in the conical surfaces of two cones having a common base, the point of intersection of the cutting edge and the periphery of the common base being relatively near the 15 leading end of the cutter and the portion of the edge located between the point of intersection and the leading end being very acute and arranged to penetrate the sole with a downward out against the sole supported by crease plates to form heel breast receiving shoulders upon the sole. The portion of the cutting edge extending from the point of intersection to the trailing end of the cutter is less acute and is constructed less rapidly to remove parts of the heel seat portion of the sole adjacent to the shoulders by a series of cuts progressing away from the shoulders. The spiral cutting edge faces in the general direction of the axis of rotation of the cutter and has a small axial lead which produces a draw out having little tendency to pick up the sole during the shoulder forming and the sole trimming operation.

Another illustrated cutter, which in some of its aspects is similar to the cutter above described, instead of having a singleconical spiral cutting edge, is provided with a plurality of conical spiral cutting edges and is made up of two separate cutters .havingthe same number of equally spaced circumferentially arranged spiral cutting edges lying in conical surfaces of their respective cutters. The separate cutters may be placed base to base and then circumferentially located relatively to each other so that the cutting edges of one cutter form substantialcontinuations of the cutting edges of the other cutter, the cutters then being locked together for rotation as a unit. The shoulder forming edges of the two-part cutter face substantially laterally of the cutter and the cutting edges of the portion of the cutter which removes sole material adjacent to the shoulder face in the general direction of the axis of rotation of the cutter but have a greater lead than the corresponding cutting edge of the single-piececutter.

By providing two-part cutters the operator may interchange the cutter parts and obtain a great number of combinations of various sizes and shapes.

These and other features of the invention will be best understood from a consideration of the following claims and the specification taken in connection with the accompanying drawings, in which:

Fig. 1 is a perspective view of the illustrated one-piece cutter which is used for forming heelbreast-receiving shoulders upon soles of shoes and for trimming or winging-out portions of the sole adjacent to the shoulders;

Fig. 2 shows a longitudinal sectional View of the cutter illustrated in Fig. 1, taken along line IIII of Fig. 1; 7

Figs. 3 and 4 are side and perspective views, respectively, of a two-part cutter which may be used in place of the cutter illustrated in Fig. 1;

Fig. 5 is an exploded view of the cutter illustrated in Figs. 3 and 4 showing registering portions of the parts of the two-piece cutter;

Fig. 6 shows a longitudinal sectional view of portion of the sole has'been reduced by a back cutter as the first step or" the heel seat fitting operation; and

Figs. 9 and 10 are perspective views illustrating the relative positions of the: cutters illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2, respectively, and a shoe during the "process of forming heel-breast-receiving shoulders on the sole and removing from the sole material adjacent to the shoulders.

It is customary to fit the heel-seat portion of a sole 18 of a shoe for the reception of a wood heel after the sole has been attached to the shoe, the sole being in the condition illustrated in Fig. '7. Prior to trimming the sole in the machine disclosed in the above-mentioned application for United States Letters Patent Serial No. 287,429, the shoe is positioned in the machine and crease plates 20 are inserted in the rand crease of the shoe in order to protect the shoe upper and to support the sole against displacement as the cutters operate upon the sole.

As above stated, in the above-mentioned ma chine a cutter (not illustrated) commonly referred to as a back cutter, is mounted for movement around the peripheral portion of the shoe in a horseshoe-shaped path to reduce by a beveling cut the rear portion of the sole 18, thereby reducing the heel-seat portion of the sole and forming a tongue 22 as illustrated in Fig. 8, the cut starting at one end of the heel-breast line 2 3 of the sole and terminating at the other end. The outer surface of the tongue 22 is complemental to the attaching face of the heel which is to be applied to the shoe, and is of the proper size to permit the rim of the attaching face of the heel to engage the counter portion of the shoe upper when the attaching face of the heel is seated upon the tongue.

In order to complete the heel-seat fitting operation (Figs. 7 and 8), it is customary to form heel-breast-receiving shoulders 26 against which the upper lateral portions of the heel abut and to trim away. or wing-out the fillets 28 (Fig. 8)

located at the forward lateral portions of the tongue, thereby leaving a clean-cut dihedral angle 30 where each of the forward lateral parts of the completed tongue 22 joins its shoulder 26.

The machine disclosed in the above-mentioned United States Letters Patent No. 1,837,399, is provided with a rotary cutter for performing the last described operation. That rotary cutter may be replaced by a rotary cutter 32, which, during the above-described trimming operation (Figs. 9 and 10), has its axis of rotation inclined to the plane of the sole and extending lengthwise of the sole as the cutter moves from one edge of the sole to the other successively to form the shoulders 26. The illustrated cutter 32, (Figs. 1, 2, and 9) may be moved heightwise and lengthwise of the sole as it moves transversely across the same to form curved heel-breast-receiving shoulders shaped to receive Cuban heels or may be mounted for movement only heightwise of the sole as it is moved transversely across the sole to form heelbreast-receiving shoulders lying in a single plane and shaped to receive the breasts of Louis heels.

The cutter 32 is provided with a cutting blade 36 which advances substantially in the direction trated as having a plurality of convolutions, faces in the general direction of the axis of rotation of the cutter. The cutting edge 38 of the blade 36 may also be described as having a conical spiral cutting edge since it lies in the conical surfaces of two cones that are disposed base to base. The portion 40 of the cutting edge 38 lying in one of the conical surfaces is shaped to form the heelbreast-receiving shoulders 26, and the portion 42 of the cutting edge 38 lying in the other conical surface is shaped to trim away or to wing-out the fillets 23 from the sole.

The cutting blade 36 has a small axial load or pitch and as it moves across the sole as above described it trims by a draw cut and has little tendency to pick up the sole.

Since the cutting edge 38 of the cutter lies 'in the conical surfaces of two cones disposed base to base, it will be clear that the portions 40 and 42 of the cutting edge extend at opposite sides of a point on the cutting edge located at a maximum distance from the axis of rotation and it will also be noted that the cutting edge 38 comprises a plurality of ocnvolutions which diminish in radius from an intermediate point in the cutting edge. Although the cutter 32 has been illustrated as comprising a plurality of convolutions,

it will be understood that the cutter may have one or more convolutions according to the length of the cut desired. Where one continuous cutting edge is used, it is preferable to have at least one convolution in order that the cutter will trim conequally spaced from each other and each of which has the form of an advancing spiral of only part of a convolution. The cutting edges 52 (Fig. 6) of the blades t8 also face in the general direction of the axis of rotation and may be described as facing the end of smaller radius of the blade. Each of the illustrated cutting blades 48 has a greater axial lead than that of the cutting blade 36 of the cutter 32. The cutter part s5 is, also provided with blades 50 equal in number to the blades .8 of the cutter part 44 and equally spaced circumferentially of the part it and extending substantially radially or laterally of that part as well as having a small axial lead. The cutting edges 52, 5d of the blades 48 and 59, respectively, lie in the conical surfaces of two cones having different vertex angles and having bases of the same size, and are of conical spiral form.

The part 44 is provided with a cylindrical projection 56 (Fig. 5) shaped to be received within a cylindrical portion 58 of the part 46 and has a boss portion 60 shaped to register with a recess 62 in the part 46, the arrangement being such that when the parts 4 46 are in registered position as shown in Figs. 3 and i, the spiral cutting edges of one of the parts form with corresponding cutting edges of the other part substantially continuous spiral cutting edges. In order to hold the parts of the cutter in registered position, the part 48 extends beyond the cylindrical projection 56 and may be clamped against the part 18 by .a flange 54 (Fig. 3) of the shaft 66 upon which the cutter is mounted.

It will be noted that since the portion id of the cutting edge 38 and the cutting edge 54 of the blade 5!? lie in conical surfaces having large vertex angles, the taper of the cutting edge from its leading corner to its point of maximum distance from the axis of rotation is steep or abrupt and penetrates the sole of the shoe rapidly and with a downward out against the surface to form the shoulders 26. The portion of the cutting edge extending from the point of maximum distance from the axis of rotation to the trailing end of the cutter is less acute than the portions just mentioned and is therefore arranged to cut material less rapidly away from the portion of original penetration.

Since the blade 48 has a fairly steep lead, the cutter 43 does not have so much axial thrust as the cutter 32 and may be advantageously used where axial thrust would be objectionable. By making the cutter 43 of two parts, the operator may use one part 44 with one of several parts 46 having cutting edges 54 adapted to form heelbreast-receiving shoulders 26 inclined at different angles to the sole of the shoe.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States is:

1. A rotary cutter for operating upon shoe parts having a cutting blade provided with an undercut spiral cutting edge which faces substantially in the direction of the axis of rotation of the cutter and opposite end portions of which approach said axis as they extend from an intermediate portion located at a maximum distance from said axis.

2. A rotary cutter for operating upon shoe parts having a substantially continuous advancing spiral cutting edge formed by a pair of faces defining an acute angle, said edge facing substantially in the direction of the axis of rotation of the cutter, and said spiral tapering in opposite directions from an intermediate portion located at a maximum distance from the axis of rotation of the cutter.

3. A rotary cutter for operating upon shoe 5 parts having a continuous conical spiral cutting edge formed by a pair of faces defining an acute angle, said cutting edge facing substantially in the direction of the axis of rotation of the cutter and comprising a plurality of convoiutions which 10 diminish in radius in opposite directions from an intermediate point in the cutting edge.

4. A rotary cutter for shaping soles of shoes to receive heels having a continuous conical spiral cutting edge which is formed by-a pair 15 of faces defining an acute angle, said cutting edge facing substantially in the direction of the axis of rotation of the cutter and lying in the surfaces of two cones disposed base to base.

5. A rotary cutter for operating upon shoe 20 parts having a continuous cutting blade provided with a cutting edge facing in the direction of the axis of rotation of the cutter and lying in the surfaces of two cones disposed base to base. 25

6. A rotary cutter for operating upon shoe parts comprising a plurality of continuous advancing spiral cutting edges each of which is defined by two faces including an acute angle, said cutting edges being arranged in the conical 30 surfaces of two cones which have different vertex angles and a common base.

7. A rotary cutter provided with a substantially continuous advancing spiral cutting edge which is undercut and comprises a plurality of convolutions the radius of curvature of which diminishes toward one end, said cutting edge being arranged to face toward said end and operating upon rotation of the cutter to make incisions in a sole and to cut chips progressively 40 away from the incisions and toward said end.

8. A rotary cutter comprising a continuous conical spiral cutting edge having a plurality of convolutions which diminish in radius in opposite directions from an intermediate point in the i5 cutting edge, said cutting edge being constructed and arranged to form heel-breast receiving shoulders upon the sole of a shoe and to trim portions of the sole adjacent to said shoulders.

9. A rotary cutter having a substantially con- 50 tinuous spiral cutting edge one portion of which lies in the conical surface of one of two cones disposed base to base and is constructed and arranged to form heel-breast-receiving shoulders upon the sole of a shoe upon relative movement 55 of the cutter and the sole widthwise of the sole and the other portion of which lies in the conical surface of the other cone and is constructed and arranged to trim material from the sole adjacent to said shoulders to fit the forward part 60 of the heel-seat portion of the sole for receiving a heel.

10. A rotary cutter having a substantially continuous spiral cutting blade provided with a cutting edge facing in the general direction of the 65 axis of rotation of the cutter, one portion of which cutting edge lies in the conical surface of one of two cones disposed base to base and is constructed and arranged to form heel-breastreceiving shoulders upon the sole of a shoe upon 70 relative movement of the cutter and the sole widthwise of the sole, and the other portion of which cutter lies in the conical surface of the other cone and is constructed and arranged to trim material from the sole adjacent to said 75 shoulders to fit the forward part of the heel-seat portion of the sole.

11. A rotary cutter having a plurality of substantially continuous conical spiral cutting edges each of which is defined by a pair of cutting faces defining an acute angle and lies substantially in the conical surfaces of two cones disposed base to base, said cutting edges being constructed and arranged to form heel-breast receiving shoulders on the sole of a shoe and to trim portions of the sole adjacent to said shoulders.

12. A rotary cutter comprising an advancing spiral cutting edge portion having a small lead and constructed and arranged to form a heelbreast-receiving shoulder upon the sole of a shoe, and another advancing spiral cutting edge portion having a large lead and constructed and arranged to sever sole material adjacent to the shoulder cut by the first-named edge, said firstnamed and said second-named edge portions being arranged to form a substantially continuous advancing spiral cutting edge.

13. A two-piece rotary cutter for operating upon shoe parts having a blade provided with an advancing spiral cutting edge facing in the general direction of the axis of rotation of the cutter, another blade provided with an advancing spiral cutting edge facing generally laterally of said axis, and means for circumferentially positioning the blades in order that the blades will present a substantially continuous spiral cutting edge and for locking the blades for rotation as a unit.

14. A rotary cutter having a series of circumferentially-arranged teeth having cutting edges lying substantially in the conical surface of one of two cones disposed base to base and con structed and arranged to form heel-breast-receiving shoulders upon the sole of a shoe, 2 second series of circumferentially-arranged teeth the cutting edges of which lie substantially in the conical surface of the other of said cones and constructed and arranged towing out portions of the sole adjacent to said shoulders, and means for correlating the teeth of one series with the teeth of the other series in order that corresponding teeth of the two series will form substantially continuous cutting edges which extend along the surfaces of said cones.

15. A rotary cutter having a series of circumferentially-arranged teeth having spiral cutting edges lying substantially in the conical surface of one of two separable cones disposed base to base and constructed and arranged to form heelbreast-receiving shoulders upon the sole of a shoe, a second series of circumferentially-disposed teeth having spiral cutting edges which lie substantially in the conical surface of the other of said cones and constructed and arranged to wing out portions of the sole adjacent to said shoulders, and means for positioning the cutting edges of the teeth of one series concentrically and circumferentially with respect to the cutting edge of the teeth of the other series and for locking the teeth together for rotation as a unit.

18. A rotary cutter having a continuous tapered spiral cutting blade provided with a cutting edge facing the end of smaller radius of the blade and constructed upon movement relative to a shoe part to cut into the same to form a shoulder and to out progressively toward said end to trim sole material away from the shoulder.

17. A rotary cutter having a conical spiral cutting blade provided with a substantially continuous cutting edge facing generally toward the apex of the cone in which the cutting edge lies and constructed upon movement relative to a shoe part to cut into the same to form a shoulder and 5 facing generally toward the vertex of one of the cones in which the cutting edge lies, a portion of the cutting edge lying in one cone being constructed upon movement relative to a shoe part to cut shoulders therein and another portion of the cutting edge lying in the other cone being constructed progressively to out material away from the shoulder and toward said vertex thereby to form a clean cut dihedral angle in the shoe part.

19. A rotary cutter for operating upon a shoe part provided with a cutting edge one end portion of which is shaped and arranged to make an incision in the shoe part, said edge having an advancing spiral tapering extension arranged to cut progressively toward the other end portion of the cutter from the incision, the edge of said extension facing ubstantially in the direction of the axis of rotati .1 of the cutter.

2-3. A combined rotary cutter comprising a cutter having a plurality of conical spiral cuttingconstructed to form heel breast receiving shoulders on the sole of a shoe, another cutter provided with a plurality of spiral cutting edges for removing material from the sole adjacent to the shoulder and comprising a stud for receiving said shoulder-forming cutter, and means to position the cutters circumferentially to insure that the cutting edges of one cutter will form continuto ations of the cutting edges of the other cutter and to lock the cutters together for rotation as a unit.

21. A rotary cutter comprising a plurality of advancing spiral cutting blades each having a cutting edge facing laterally of the axis of rotation of the cutter and constructed and arranged to form heel breast receiving shoulders on the sole of a shoe and a plurality of advancing spiral blades each provided with a cutting edge facing in the general direction of the axis of rotation of the cutter and constructed and arranged progressively to trim sole material adjacent to the shoulder thereby reducing the heel seat portion of the sole.

22. A rotary cutter for operating upon shoe parts provided with an advancing spiral cutting edge which is formed by a pair of faces defining an acute angle, said spiral tapering toward both ends from an intermediate point located at a maximum distance from the axis of rotation of the cutter, the taper from the leading end of the cutting edge to said point being steep and the taper from said point to the trailing end being relatively gradual.

23. A rotary cutter for operating upon shoe parts provided with a spiral cutting edge which is formed by a pair of faces defining an acute angle, said spiral tapering toward both ends from an intermediate point located at a maximum dis tance from the axis of rotation of the cutter, said point being relatively near the leading end of the cutting edge and the portion of said edge included between said point and the leading end being very acute and arranged to penetrate rapidly into the external surface of a shoe part and the portion that extends from said point to the trailing end being less acute and arranged to out less rapidly away from the point of initial penetration.

24. A rotary cutter comprising a substantially continuous advancing spiral cutting edge which is formed by a pair of faces including an acute angle and comprises a plurality of convolutions, said cutting edge being arranged in the surfaces of two cones placed base to base, the portion of the edge which is arranged in one of the cones being constructed to make a plurality of incisions in a sole thereby to form a heel-breast receiving shoulder in the same and the portion of the cutting edge which is arranged in the surface of the other of said cones being constructed to trim sole material progressively away from said shoulder thereby to reduce the sole adjacent to said shoulder.

25. A rotary cutter provided with a cutting edge which is defined by faces forming an acute 5 angle, said cutting edge being arranged in the conical surface of one of two cones having a common base and being constructed to out incisions in a shoe part thereby to form a shoulder in the same, said cutter also being provided with 10 a cutting edge which is arranged in the surface of the other cone and is constructed to cut progressively toward the apex of said other cone from said shoulder thereby to remove shoe part material positioned adjacent to said shoulder. 15

EARL A. BESSOM.

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