US2018734A - Aircraft - Google Patents

Description

Oct. 29, 1935. s 1, CLI 2,018,734

AIRCRAFT Filed Aug. 21, 1933 gin/wanton ammo;

Patented Oct. 29, 1935 UNITED STATE ATNT OFFICE 2 Claims.

This invention relates to an airplane and has for its principal object the provision of aplane design which will be stable in the air; which can suspend itself at comparatively low flying speeds; and which will lift a maximum pay load.

Other objects and advantages reside in the detail construction of the invention, which is designed for simplicity, economy, and efliciency. These will become more apparent from the following description.

In the following detailed description of the invention reference is had to the accompanying drawing which forms a part hereof. Like numerals refer to like parts in all views of the drawing and throughout the description.

In the drawing:

Fig. l is a perspective View illustrating the improved plane as it would appear in flight.

Fig. 2 is a front elevation thereof.

Fig. 3 is a plan view of the improved plane.

Fig. 4 is a side elevation thereof.

Fig. 5 is a bottom view looking upwardly.

The invention comprises: a body or fuselage l0, preferably triangular in shape, with the apex of the triangle directed forwardly. In flight, the upper side of the fuselage would be substantially level. The bottom would incline slightly rearwardly and downwardly.

The fuselage I!) would carry the engine, operators, passengers, baggage, etc. The fuselage may be provided with any desired landing gear such as indicated at H.

Two triangular wings l2 project outwardly from each side along the top of the fuselage l0. These wings form a continuous plane surface across the top of the fuselage l0, terminating in a pointed apex at the front of the fuselage. At their rearwar-d extremities, the wings l2 are cut inwardly on a diagonal, as shown at l3, so that the greatest width thereof occurs at a point approximately A the distance from the rearward edge. At the apex or front of the wings I 2, the outer edges are rolled upwardly as indicated at M so as to form a V-shaped depression in the top. This upward roll continues for approximately /5 the wing length thence rolls downwardly to form a depending edge l5 along the wing edges to the point of greatest width.

It is preferred to form this downward depending edge I5 in the nature of an aileron so that the operator may at his discretion vary the downwardly turned angle or swing the edges upwardly, as indicated by the broken line positions in Figs. 2 and 4, to continue the upward edge M to the point of greatest width.

The carrying capacity of the plane is increased by two additional wings it which project outwardly from each side of the fuselage below the wings 12. The wings Iii are also triangular, extending from an apex adjacent the forward ex- 5 tremity of the fuselage rearwardly to a base adjacent the rearward extremity thereof. The forward extremity of the additional wings l6 terminate approximately the length from the front of the fuselage. The effect of these wings is be- 10 lieved tobe identical to that of the wings l2, and in actual models they proportionately increase the lifting ability and decrease the landing speed.

A vertical elevator surface or fin I1 projects from each side of the fuselage adjacent the rear 15 thereof and below the wings I 6. The angle of the fins ll may be varied, as shown by the broken line in Fig. 4, to vary the flying angle of the plane. The horizontal angle of the plane is controlled by means of a rudder l8 projecting from the rear of the fuselage.

The plane may be powered either as a tractor type or a pusher type or both. The latter method is illustrated in the drawing in which a tractor propeller I9 is mounted at the forward apex and a pusher propeller 20 is mounted at the rear of the fuselage. Either of these propellers coul suspend the plane in flight.

As far as understood, the theory of the plane surfaces is as follows: the upwardly turned forward edges M in passing through the air create a pressure area under the wing l2 by directing air downwardly and under the wing. Simultaneously they create a vacuum area which extends rearwardly over the upper surface of the wing I2. 35 The downwardly turned rearward edges l5 direct air upwardly and above the wing l2, creating a vortex effect which sucks air from above the wing and creates a partial vacuum over the rear surfaces of the wings l2. 4

At slower speeds these downwardly turned edges may also exert a parachute-like effect which appears to suspend models of this plane in the air at very slow velocity. The downwardly turned edge 15 of course creates head resistance 45 which may be reduced at high speeds by turning the edges [5 outwardly either into alignment with the surfaces l2 or upwardly into alignment with the surfaces It.

While the various wing surfaces have been 50 illustrated with straight line edges, it is of course to be understood that these edges may be curved slightly so long as the general outline of the wings and the apex at the front is adhered there- It will also be noted that the bottom of the fuselage H) has been shown as a continuous straight line. It would not materially eifect the efficiency of the plane if this line were somewhat curved as long as the general contour is observed.

It will also be noted that the bottom of the fuselage is somewhat bluntly rounded. If desired this may be sharpened or brought to a more definite point to eliminate head resistance.

While a specific form of the improvement has been described and illustrated herein, it is desired to be understood that the same may be varied, within the scope of the appended claims, without departing from the spirit of the invention.

Having thus described the invention, what is claimed and desired secured by Letters Patent 1. An airplane comprising: a fuselage substantially level along its top and inclined upwardly along its bottom to an apex at the front; a pair of triangular wings extending oppositely outward along said top and terminating in an apex common with the apex of said fuselage, the forward edges of said wings being turned upwardly, the edges rearward of said forward edges being turned downwardly.

2. An airplane comprising: a fuselage substantially level along its top and inclined upwardly along its bottom to an apex at the front; a pair of triangular wings extending oppositely outward along said top and terminating in an apex common with the apex of said fuselage, the forward surfaces of said wings being turned upwardly, the surfaces rearward of said forward surfaces being turned downwardly; and a second pair of triangular wings similarly shaped extending oppositely outward from said fuselage below said first triangular wings and terminating in an apex adjacent their forward extremity, the apex of said second pair of wings terminating rearwardly of the apex of said first pair.

SEVERYN I. MOLICKI.

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