US20180340740A1 - Use of a phase change material system - Google Patents

Use of a phase change material system Download PDF

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Publication number
US20180340740A1
US20180340740A1 US15/559,638 US201615559638A US2018340740A1 US 20180340740 A1 US20180340740 A1 US 20180340740A1 US 201615559638 A US201615559638 A US 201615559638A US 2018340740 A1 US2018340740 A1 US 2018340740A1
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
vehicle
heat energy
pcm
cabin
heat
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US15/559,638
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English (en)
Inventor
Andrew Sutherland
Douglas DeLong
Christopher Paul THOMAS
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
BorgWarner Inc
Original Assignee
BorgWarner Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by BorgWarner Inc filed Critical BorgWarner Inc
Priority to US15/559,638 priority Critical patent/US20180340740A1/en
Assigned to BORGWARNER INC. reassignment BORGWARNER INC. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: DELONG, Douglas, SUTHERLAND, ANDREW, THOMAS, CHRISTOPHER P.
Publication of US20180340740A1 publication Critical patent/US20180340740A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D19/00—Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus in which the intermediate heat-transfer medium or body is moved successively into contact with each heat-exchange medium
    • F28D19/02—Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus in which the intermediate heat-transfer medium or body is moved successively into contact with each heat-exchange medium using granular particles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/00314—Arrangements permitting a rapid heating of the heating liquid
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/00492—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices comprising regenerative heating or cooling means, e.g. heat accumulators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F5/00—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater
    • F24F5/0007—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater cooling apparatus specially adapted for use in air-conditioning
    • F24F5/0017—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater cooling apparatus specially adapted for use in air-conditioning using cold storage bodies, e.g. ice
    • F24F5/0021—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater cooling apparatus specially adapted for use in air-conditioning using cold storage bodies, e.g. ice using phase change material [PCM] for storage
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2220/00—Components of central heating installations excluding heat sources
    • F24D2220/10—Heat storage materials, e.g. phase change materials or static water enclosed in a space
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H3/00—Air heaters
    • F24H3/02—Air heaters with forced circulation
    • F24H3/04—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element
    • F24H3/0405—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element using electric energy supply, e.g. the heating medium being a resistive element; Heating by direct contact, i.e. with resistive elements, electrodes and fins being bonded together without additional element in-between
    • F24H3/0429—For vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/14—Thermal energy storage

Definitions

  • the field to which the disclosure generally relates to includes vehicle cooling systems.
  • Vehicles may include various cooling systems.
  • a number of variations may include a vehicle system which includes an engine.
  • the vehicle system may also include a phase change material (PCM) which may be disposed in a phase change material device.
  • the phase change material may be released into a vehicle cooling system upon user command.
  • the PCM device may be constructed and arranged to increase a temperature of a vehicle cabin without the engine being turned on when the phase change material is released.
  • a number of other variations may include a method which may include providing a phase change material which may be disposed in a phase change material device.
  • the phase change material device may be constructed and arranged to preheat a vehicle cabin prior to a vehicle engine being activated.
  • a number of other variations may include a method of heating a vehicle cabin which may include first providing a phase change material wherein the phase change material may be disposed in a phase change material device. Next, the phase change material may be activated upon a user command. Activating the phase change material may cause an increase in temperature in the vehicle cabin while a vehicle engine may not be activated.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic illustration of a vehicle assembly according to a number of variations of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic illustration of the vehicle assembly according to a number of variations of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic illustration of the vehicle system according to a number of variations of the present invention
  • FIG. 4A shows a schematic illustration of the vehicle system according to a number of variations of the present invention
  • FIG. 4B shows a schematic illustration of the vehicle system according to a number of variations of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4C shows a schematic illustration of the vehicle system according to a number of variations of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 shows a schematic illustration of the vehicle system according to a number of variations of the present invention
  • FIG. 6 shows a schematic illustration of the vehicle system according to a number of variations of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 shows a schematic illustration of the vehicle system according to a number of variations of the present invention.
  • a vehicle system 10 may be provided and may include a phase change material 42 which may be operable coupled to a vehicle HVAC system 14 .
  • the vehicle system 10 may also include the vehicle engine 16 .
  • the vehicle engine 16 may be a standard engine as known by one of ordinary skill in the art and may include a head portion 18 and a block portion 20 .
  • the vehicle system 10 may include at least one pump 22 which may be constructed and arranged to pump coolant or other fluid through the vehicle system 10 .
  • the vehicle system 10 may include a heat exchanger 24 and the vehicle HVAC system 14 .
  • the HVAC system 14 may be constructed and arranged to blow air from the vehicle system 10 into a vehicle cabin 26 in order to provide a comfortable climate to a vehicle passenger.
  • the HVAC system may additionally include a heat source 25 .
  • the heat source may be an exhaust system or other type of heat source as known by one of ordinary skill in the art.
  • the vehicle system 10 may also include a cabin heater 28 which may be constructed and arranged to provide heat. Additionally the HVAC system 14 may include an evaporator 29 . It is contemplated that the HVAC system 14 may be constructed and arranged to blow heat from the cabin heater 28 , through the evaporator 29 , into the vehicle cabin 26 . Moreover, the vehicle system 10 may include at least one control device 30 . The at least one control device 30 may be a valve, a bypass valve, a thermostatic device or another control device as known by one of ordinary skill in the art. It is contemplated, as illustrated in FIGS. 2-6 , the vehicle system 10 may include more than one control device 30 . The control device 30 may be placed in any location on the vehicle system 10 including but not limited to prior to the entrance of a phase change material (PCM) device, after the PCM device, or to start or stop an alternate loop, as known by one of ordinary skill in the art.
  • PCM phase change material
  • the vehicle system 10 may additionally include the phase change material device 40 (PCM device).
  • the PCM device 40 may be constructed and arranged to transfer heat energy to the HVAC system 14 without activating the vehicle engine 16 .
  • the PCM device 40 may be operably coupled to the cabin heater 28 , the engine 16 , the heat exchanger 24 , or any other portion of the vehicle system 10 .
  • a phase change material 42 may be incorporated into the vehicle system 10 and the phase change material 42 may be used to store and discharge energy into the system 10 for warming or cooling.
  • the phase change material 42 may include at least one of a pure salt, a metal, a hydrated salt, a hydrated salt in solution, an organic material, or other phase change or latent heat materials as known by one of ordinary skill the art.
  • the vehicle system may include at least one valve 43 .
  • the valve 43 may be a control valve or any other type of valve as known by one of ordinary skill in the art. It is contemplated that the valve 43 may be constructed and arranged to control charge and discharge of the PCM material 42 and PCM device 40 .
  • a user may enable the vehicle system 10 .
  • the user may start the vehicle system 10 remotely using a remote device, or by any other means as known by one of ordinary skill in the art.
  • the vehicle system 10 may operate without starting the engine.
  • the vehicle system using the PCM material 42 , may heat the coolant, or other fluid, and the heat may be transferred from the coolant or other fluid into the cabin 26 via the cabin heater 28 or other heat exchanger system.
  • the vehicle system 10 may be configured to heat the overall cabin air volume or at least some portion of the overall cabin air volume in order to increase the temperature of the vehicle cabin and to provide a heated vehicle cabin 26 for a user.
  • heat energy may be harvested from a source through a form of a heat exchanger.
  • the source from which the heat energy may be harvested may be a cooling system, oil system, liquid system, fluid system, exhaust system or other vehicle system as known by one of ordinary skill in the art.
  • the heat energy may then be stored in the phase change material 42 which may be disposed in the PCM storage device 40 . Additionally it is contemplated that the heat energy may be stored in the phase change material 42 for up to approximately 72 hours, for example up to 48 hours or up to 28 hours.
  • the user may activate the vehicle system 10 within the vehicle, or remotely.
  • the system 10 may use the cooling system or exhaust system which may be connected to the PCM device 40 in order to transfer the heat from the phase change material 42 through the cooling system and into the cabin heater 28 .
  • an electric coolant pump 22 may be used in order to help move the fluid through the cooling system.
  • any other form of pump may be used to move the fluid through the cooling system.
  • the PCM device 40 may be directly attached to the HVAC system 14 which may bypass the cooling system and cabin heater 28 . Since the vehicle engine 16 is not turned on or activated during the heating of the vehicle cabin or during operation of the vehicle system, no fuel is consumed during operation of the vehicle system 10 and further no fuel or other emissions are released into the atmosphere during the warming phase of the vehicle.
  • the vehicle system 10 may use coolant as the heat source in order to melt the PCM 42 when the coolant is hot (charging) and may additionally use the coolant in order to remove the heat energy from the PCM 42 when the coolant is cold by solidifying the PCM (discharging) as the heat transfer medium for the vehicle system.
  • coolant as the heat source in order to melt the PCM 42 when the coolant is hot (charging) and may additionally use the coolant in order to remove the heat energy from the PCM 42 when the coolant is cold by solidifying the PCM (discharging) as the heat transfer medium for the vehicle system.
  • the particular PCM 42 used for this system may be based around lower temperatures close to coolant operating temperatures in order to provide the best net energy differential in order to provide optimal charging and discharging. It is also contemplated that any type of PCM may be used.
  • the system 10 may use exhaust energy for the charging portion and additionally may use coolant for the heat transfer medium to the PCM 42 .
  • the specific PCM 42 used for this system as illustrated in FIG. 2 may be a higher temp phase change material. It is also contemplated that any PCM 42 may be used.
  • the PCM device 40 may be operable coupled to the exhaust system and may additionally include an exhaust bypass valve.
  • the vehicle system 10 may include an additional fluid loop 50 in order to allow the fluid to be circulated without using the main fluid pump and without flowing through the engine.
  • the additional loop 50 may use the same fluid as the original loop. It is contemplated that the additional loop may allow the fluid to be pumped around only through the PCM device 40 and the cabin heater 28 .
  • the vehicle system 10 may use the additional fluid loop 50 for discharging operation as the heat transfer medium for the PCM 42 .
  • the PCM 42 used in the variation illustrated in FIG. 3 may be a high temp phase change material, or any other PCM as known by one of ordinary skill in the art.
  • the vehicle system 10 may additionally include an additional fluid loop.
  • the additional loop 50 may have no flow and may operate similar to the variations described above.
  • the vehicle system 10 may have no flow and everything is off including the pump 22 for both the original fluid loop and the additional fluid loop 50 .
  • the additional fluid may be pumped and the fluid may flow between the PCM device 40 and the cabin heater 28 .
  • the HVAC system 14 may be operably coupled to the cabin heater 28 in order to move the heat from the cabin heater 28 into the vehicle cabin 26 .
  • the vehicle system 10 may include an intermediate fluid loop 52 in order to prevent coolant boiling due to the high temperature PCM 42 .
  • the intermediate fluid loop 52 may be constructed and arranged to allow heat to be transferred from the PCM 42 to the intermediate fluid loop 52 , to the main fluid loop, and then through the cabin heater and into the vehicle cabin while the vehicle engine is off. It is contemplated that the intermediate fluid loop 52 may include an intermediate fluid and additionally or alternatively may include an intermediate fluid pump 56 .
  • the intermediate fluid may allow heat from the PCM device 40 or heat source to an intermediate heat exchanger 54 , which may allow heat into the main cooling loop and which may allow heat into the vehicle cabin 26 via the cabin heater 28 .
  • the HVAC system 14 may be directly operably coupled to the PCM device 40 .
  • the HVAC system 14 may be configured to move air directly from the evaporator 29 to the cabin heater 28 and then into the vehicle cabin 26 .
  • the HVAC system 14 may be additionally or alternatively configured to blow air directly from the PCM device 40 into the vehicle cabin 26 .
  • the HVAC system 14 may be constructed and arranged to blow air from both the PCM device 40 and the evaporator 29 /cabin heater 28 into the vehicle cabin 26 . This system may be used with any of the other vehicle systems as shown in FIGS. 1-7 .
  • the PCM device 40 as illustrated in FIGS. 6 and 7 may be charged by any of the previous methods as described above and/or illustrated in FIGS. 1-7 .
  • Variation 1 may include a vehicle system which may include a phase change material device which may be operably coupled to a vehicle HVAC system. Additionally, the PCM device may be configured to transfer heat energy to the HVAC system without activating a vehicle engine.
  • Variation 2 may include the vehicle system as set forth in Variation 1 wherein the PCM device may be charged during previous operation of the vehicle engine.
  • Variation 3 may include the vehicle system as set forth in any of Variations 1-2 wherein the PCM device may be constructed and arranged to store heat energy.
  • Variation 4 may include the vehicle system as set forth in any of Variations 1-3 wherein the heat may be transferred from the PCM device to the HVAC system upon a user command.
  • Variation 5 may include the vehicle system as set forth in any of Variations 1-4 wherein the heat may be transferred from the HVAC system to a vehicle cabin.
  • Variation 6 may include vehicle system as set forth in any of Variations 1-5 and may further include a cooling system which may be operably coupled to the PCM device.
  • Variation 7 may include the vehicle system as set forth in any of Variations 1-6 wherein the cooling system may be constructed and arranged to transfer the heat energy from the PCM device to the HVAC system.
  • Variation 8 may include a method which may include harvesting heat energy while a vehicle engine is running. Next, the vehicle engine may be turned off. The heat energy may then be stored in a phase change material device. Additionally, the heat energy from the PCM device may be discharged upon a user command. The heat energy may then be transferred to a cabin heater. Finally, a blower may be operated in order to transfer the heat energy into a vehicle cabin which may warm the vehicle cabin while the vehicle engine is off.
  • Variation 9 may include the method as set forth in Variation 8, moreover a cooling system may be operably coupled to the PCM device.
  • Variation 10 may include the method as set forth in any of Variations 8 or 9 wherein the cooling system may be constructed and arranged transfer the heat energy from the PCM device to the HVAC system.
  • Variation 11 may include the method as set forth in any of Variations 8-10 wherein the user command may be given remotely.
  • Variation 12 may include the method as set forth in any of Variations 8-11 wherein no fuel may be consumed during warming of the vehicle cabin.
  • Variation 13 may include the method as set forth in any of Variations 8-12 wherein no emissions may be produced during warming of the vehicle cabin.
  • Variation 14 may include a method of warming a vehicle cabin without starting a vehicle engine and may include first harvesting heat energy during a previous running of the vehicle engine. Next, the heat energy may be stored in a phase change material device. Next, the heat energy may be discharged from the PCM device upon a user command. Finally, the heat energy may be used to heat the vehicle cabin.
  • Variation 15 may include the method of warming a vehicle cabin without starting a vehicle engine as set forth in Variation 14 and may further include transferring the heat energy to a cabin heater.
  • Variation 16 may include the method of warming a vehicle cabin without starting a vehicle engine as set forth in any of Variations 14 or 15 and may further include operating a blower in order to transfer the heat energy into the vehicle cabin.
  • Variation 17 may include the method of warming a vehicle cabin without starting a vehicle engine as set forth in any of Variations 14-16 and may further include operating a cooling system, wherein the cooling system may be constructed and arranged to transfer the heat energy from the PCM device to the HVAC system.
  • Variation 18 may include the method of warming a vehicle cabin without starting a vehicle engine as set forth in any of Variations 14-17 wherein the user command may be given remotely.
  • Variation 19 may include the method of warming a vehicle cabin without starting a vehicle engine as set forth in any of Variations 14-18 wherein no fuel may be consumed during warming of the vehicle cabin.
  • Variation 20 may include the method of warming a vehicle cabin without starting a vehicle engine as set forth in any of Variations 14-19 wherein no emissions may be produced during warming of the vehicle cabin.
US15/559,638 2015-03-26 2016-03-18 Use of a phase change material system Abandoned US20180340740A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US15/559,638 US20180340740A1 (en) 2015-03-26 2016-03-18 Use of a phase change material system

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US201562138714P 2015-03-26 2015-03-26
US201562142281P 2015-04-02 2015-04-02
US15/559,638 US20180340740A1 (en) 2015-03-26 2016-03-18 Use of a phase change material system
PCT/US2016/023024 WO2016153959A1 (fr) 2015-03-26 2016-03-18 Utilisation d'un système contenant un matériau à changement de phase

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US20180340740A1 true US20180340740A1 (en) 2018-11-29

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US15/559,638 Abandoned US20180340740A1 (en) 2015-03-26 2016-03-18 Use of a phase change material system

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US (1) US20180340740A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP3274201A4 (fr)
CN (1) CN107405981A (fr)
WO (1) WO2016153959A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10954845B2 (en) * 2018-10-30 2021-03-23 The Regents Of The University Of Michigan Actively controlled coolant tank to increase thermal storage capacity of hybrid electric vehicles

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
IT201900013161A1 (it) * 2019-07-29 2021-01-29 Eldor Corp Spa Miscela di cere pcm come elemento di accumulo del calore latente in macchine elettriche

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US5553662A (en) * 1993-12-10 1996-09-10 Store Heat & Producte Energy, Inc. Plumbed thermal energy storage system
CA2414546A1 (fr) * 2003-01-08 2004-07-08 Tony T. Zhang Dispositif de mise en temperature d'automobile
EP1817534B1 (fr) * 2004-11-30 2009-12-02 Valeo Systemes Thermiques Sas Echangeur de chaleur avec accumulateur thermique
US8397529B2 (en) * 2009-06-10 2013-03-19 Delphi Technologies, Inc. Evaporator phase change thermal siphon
JP5799792B2 (ja) * 2011-01-07 2015-10-28 株式会社デンソー 冷媒放熱器
WO2013088190A1 (fr) * 2011-12-14 2013-06-20 Renault Trucks Système de régulation thermique pour habitacle de véhicule et procédé de régulation de la température de l'habitacle
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10954845B2 (en) * 2018-10-30 2021-03-23 The Regents Of The University Of Michigan Actively controlled coolant tank to increase thermal storage capacity of hybrid electric vehicles

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Publication number Publication date
EP3274201A1 (fr) 2018-01-31
WO2016153959A1 (fr) 2016-09-29
EP3274201A4 (fr) 2018-12-19
CN107405981A (zh) 2017-11-28

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