US20180335279A1 - Simulated range targets with impact overlay - Google Patents
Simulated range targets with impact overlay Download PDFInfo
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- US20180335279A1 US20180335279A1 US15/986,458 US201815986458A US2018335279A1 US 20180335279 A1 US20180335279 A1 US 20180335279A1 US 201815986458 A US201815986458 A US 201815986458A US 2018335279 A1 US2018335279 A1 US 2018335279A1
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- target
- distance
- overlay
- target system
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F41—WEAPONS
- F41G—WEAPON SIGHTS; AIMING
- F41G3/00—Aiming or laying means
- F41G3/26—Teaching or practice apparatus for gun-aiming or gun-laying
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F41—WEAPONS
- F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
- F41A33/00—Adaptations for training; Gun simulators
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F41—WEAPONS
- F41J—TARGETS; TARGET RANGES; BULLET CATCHERS
- F41J1/00—Targets; Target stands; Target holders
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F41—WEAPONS
- F41J—TARGETS; TARGET RANGES; BULLET CATCHERS
- F41J1/00—Targets; Target stands; Target holders
- F41J1/01—Target discs characterised by their material, structure or surface, e.g. clay pigeon targets characterised by their material
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F41—WEAPONS
- F41J—TARGETS; TARGET RANGES; BULLET CATCHERS
- F41J1/00—Targets; Target stands; Target holders
- F41J1/10—Target stands; Target holders
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F41—WEAPONS
- F41J—TARGETS; TARGET RANGES; BULLET CATCHERS
- F41J11/00—Target ranges
Definitions
- the present invention provides precision target practice that simulates long distance shooting using a 25 meter (or other specific distances) target. By precisely scaling all factors in a scenario, such as target size, target range, wind and other exterior ballistics, soldiers and shooters can effectively train precision shooting skills on a 25 meter platform.
- the present invention allows for target practice that can simulate long distances by using a short-range target that may simulate multiple ranges or distances
- the simulated range target is a tool that gives precision rifle shooters a legitimate and realistic simulated long-range shooting target that is placed at short distances from the shooter.
- silhouettes are provided that accurately reproduce the visual size (and measurements) of longer range shots. That said, it will be appreciated that, depending upon design and scaling, embodiments of the target may be placed at distances other than 25 meters from the shooter; for example, at 10 meters, 20 meters, 50 meters, 75 meters, or any other suitable distance.
- the present invention provides a simulated range target that has an offset overlay.
- the offset overlay may be embodied as an additional silhouette or outlined shape offset from the silhouette that reproduces the visual size of the long-range target.
- the overlay may be included on a transparent sheet that may be placed against the target or in connection or association with a measuring tool or template.
- the offset overlay may be vertically and/or horizontally offset from a target or silhouettes to take into account and simulate several changing variables that a shooter may encounter when taking a long-range shot, such as bullet drop, distance, wind direction, wind speed, and other exterior ballistics factors and variables that affect a shot or the trajectory of the fired bullet.
- the invention thus allows shooters to replicate a rifle scope's view while aiming away from the intended target in order to achieve the correct hold for all of the factors involved in that specific engagement, thus achieving simulated long-range shooting at a short distance.
- Each target system in accordance with the present invention may use attributes of a particular firearm, a particular bullet, a particular sight or scope, and/or particular atmospheric or environmental conditions in determining or calculating the location of the overlays relative to the intended target.
- FIG. 1 is a first simulated range target system provided according to the teachings of a first embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 1A is an isolated view of a first target combatant shown in FIG. 1 ;
- FIG. 1B is an isolated view of a second target combatant shown in FIG. 1 ;
- FIG. 1C is an isolated view of a third target combatant shown in FIG. 1 ;
- FIG. 1D is an isolated view of a fourth target combatant shown in FIG. 1 ;
- FIG. 2 is a first zeroing target that may be used to calibrate a firearm for use with the range target systems of FIG. 1, 3 , or 6 ;
- FIG. 3 is a second simulated range target system provided according to the teachings of another embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a second zeroing target that may be used to calibrate a firearm for use with the range target systems of FIG. 1, 3 , or 6 ;
- FIG. 5 is a third zeroing target that may be used to calibrate a firearm for use with the range target systems of FIG. 1, 3 , or 6 ;
- FIG. 6 is a third simulated range target system provided according to the teachings of a further embodiment of the present invention.
- the present disclosure is generally directed to a simulated range target system.
- the target's distance from the shooter may be determined by angular measurements known as Minute of Angle, or “MOA,” and Milradians, or “MIL.”
- MOA Minute of Angle
- MIL Milradians
- a shooter may measure a known or well estimated target feature, such as shoulder width, top of head to knees or top of head to shoulder in order to extrapolate a distance, for example by assuming a shoulder width of 19 inches. He or she may be able to do so using the angular measurement provided on his or her optic to determine that the shoulders are 2.6 MOA. Proficient shooters may then use a formula to determine the target distance based on the 2.6 MOA measurement at a known 19 inch shoulder width. In this example, if a shooter were to estimate and assume that a target had a 19 inch shoulder width, he or she would be able to determine that the target is 640 meters away based on the above mathematical ballistics calibration system.
- a known or well estimated target feature such as shoulder width, top of head to knees or top of head to shoulder in order to extrapolate a distance, for example by assuming a shoulder width of 19 inches. He or she may be able to do so using the angular measurement provided on his or her optic to determine that the
- weapons systems and optics have precise angles associated with their bullet trajectories, line of sight/point of aim, and bore axes. These exterior ballistics qualities are known, and thus repeatable and predictable for various ammunitions and rifles.
- the bullet should pass 25 meters 0.4 inches below the line of sight axis. As set forth below in some examples, this exact measurement changes slightly with the measurements of any rifle, scope, optic or sight.
- ACOG Advanced Combat Optical Gunsight
- a simulated range target system is provided for use with a holographic weapon sight (“HWS”)—M68—red dot scope used with an M4 weapon firing M855 ammunition.
- HWS holographic weapon sight
- M68 red dot scope used with an M4 weapon firing M855 ammunition.
- Other target systems may be created, some of which are illustrated in the Figures and described below, for various other types of scopes, weapons, and ammunition.
- the concepts described herein may be adapted and specifically tailored for use with various rifle-scope combinations, various sizes, and types of ammunition having different ballistics coefficients and characteristics, various simulated distances, and other various simulated shooting conditions and parameters.
- FIG. 1 multiple enemy fighters are shown to simulate various long distances based on a 19 inch shoulder.
- the enemy combatants shown in FIG. 1 are scaled to have shoulder widths of 19 inches viewed from the distance at which they are placed using the above mathematical ballistics.
- a first enemy combatant 10 is simulated as being 100 meters away
- a second enemy combatant 20 is simulated as being 200 meters away
- a third enemy combatant 30 is simulated as being 300 meters away
- a fourth enemy combatant 40 is simulated as being 400 meters away.
- the enemy combatant 10 when the simulated target range is placed at 25 meters from the shooter, the enemy combatant 10 appears at the approximate size that a combatant having a 19 inch shoulder width would appear at 100 meters away, and the enemy combatant 40 appears at the size that an enemy combatant having 19 inch shoulder width would appear at 400 meters.
- the enemy combatant or other target objects may be proportioned, sized, and simulated as being located at distances other than those listed herein.
- a plurality of impact overlay silhouettes, or impact overlays are also provided for each enemy combatant 10 , 20 , 30 , 40 . Overlays for combatants 10 , 20 , 30 , 40 are also shown in FIGS. 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D , respectively, and are described below.
- the bullet path and its relationship to the point of aim is determined in MOA. That MOA may be converted to inches before subtracting the initial zero offset, and the silhouette offset outline (as described below) is precisely placed measuring from a dot high center chest to the same dot high center chest on the silhouette's offset outline.
- the M68 HWS sight particularly has a height over bore of 2.5 inches and a 200 meter zero.
- the correct point of impact is below the point of aim, offset down 1.1811 inches.
- the bullet passes 1.1811 inches below the line of sight at 25 meters.
- the combatant 10 includes only a first overlay 45 . This is because while some combatants (like combatants 20 , 30 , 40 described below) include overlays that simulate wind conditions, such windage hold-offs or corrections at 100 meters would be nearly negligible. Even still, in some embodiments, other overlays that simulate wind conditions may be provided with the overlay 45 .
- FIGS. 1B, 1C, and 1D Three impact overlays are provided for each of the enemy combatants 20 , 30 , 40 , as illustrated in FIGS. 1B, 1C, and 1D , respectively.
- each of a left overlay 50 , center overlay 60 , and right overlay 70 are provided.
- each of a left overlay 80 , center overlay 90 , and right overlay 100 are provided.
- each of a left overlay 110 , center overlay 120 , and right overlay 130 are provided.
- the overlays 50 , 60 , 70 are provided at the point of impact that would be necessary at 25 meters in order to hit the enemy combatant 20 at 200 meters, taking into account various external factors described below.
- the overlays may be described as the point of impact or “POI”, while the combatants may be referred to as the point of aim, or “POA”, respectively.
- the provided 25 meter paper targets may use the same correction calibrations to achieve hits even when taking into account various variable factors. This is done by separating the POA and the POI on the paper target as shown and demonstrated by the enemy combatants 20 , 30 , 40 and their associated overlays, respectively. In an example where 10 MOA correction is required when taking into account a factor such as wind, that 10 MOA measures 73.3 inches at 640 meters away.
- the same MOA is 2.86 inches, so on a 25 meter paper target the scaled fighter or enemy combatant is the POA, while an impact overlay associated with the enemy combatant is offset 2.86 inches at the POI. This offset may be the impact overlays shown and illustrated in FIG. 1 , and FIGS. 1A, 1B, 1C, and 1D .
- the overlays 50 , 60 , 70 are positioned and located to simulate a 9 o'clock 5 MPH wind, zero wind, and 3 o'clock 10 MPH wind, respectively.
- a 9 o'clock wind is a wind blowing from 9 o'clock toward 3 o'clock in a direct left to right fashion
- a 3 o'clock wind is a wind blowing from 3 o'clock to 9 o'clock in a right to left fashion.
- the enemy combatant 20 is coupled to a left overlay 50 that is to the left of the enemy combatant 20 because extrapolated out to a longer distance, the ballistics of the bullet or other ammunition would be affected by wind. More specifically, a wind from left to right would cause the bullet to drift from left to right. Similarly, the right most overlay 70 is placed to the right of the point of aim or enemy combatant 20 because a cross wind from right to left will cause the bullet to travel from the right to left. Thus, at 25 meters, a shot would have to be left or right of the POA to be a hit on the POA at a greater distance.
- the overlays 50 , 60 , 70 are illustrated as positioned below the enemy combatant 20 for the 200 meter shot. That is because when the firearm is zeroed to a 200 meter shot (which it is in the illustrated embodiment), at 25 meters, the point of impact is offset downwardly relative to the line of sight. Thus the overlays 50 , 60 , 70 indicate, in relation to the enemy combatants 20 , where the bullet should pass 25 meters on its way to a long distance shot in order to hit the enemy combatant 20 (i.e., 200 meters).
- the offset overlays are based both on exterior ballistics and an initial 25 meter zero offset for a 200 meter zero. In accordance with mathematical ballistics, the offset overlay 70 is farther right of center than the offset overlay 50 is left of center.
- the wind associated with the right overlay 70 is a 10 MPH wind
- the wind associated with the left overlay 50 is only a 5 MPH wind.
- a shooter must compensate more for the 3 o'clock 10 MPH wind than the 9 o'clock 5 MPH wind.
- the enemy combatant 30 of FIG. 1C its overlays 80 , 90 , 100 are preferably provided at a higher relative position to the enemy combatant 30 than the overlays 50 , 60 , 70 are provided relative to the enemy combatant 20 . That is because at 300 meters, the bullet has begun its drop, and also because the difference between the scope and the ballistics exit point. Thus, a hold above the high center chest to account for the bullet drop is required.
- the overlays 110 , 130 associated with the combatant 40 that are subject to the crosswinds described above are further from center than are the overlays associated with the combatants 20 , 30 . That is because if the shot were extrapolated to the longer distance, there would be more time and distance for the crosswind to act on the shot, and more specifically the bullet. Thus, as simulated distance increases, so too does the effect that wind would have on a bullet at the simulated distance.
- a shooter When using the target such as the target shown in FIG. 1 , a shooter should take care of not to look at the overlays such as overlays 50 , 60 , 70 for the enemy combatant 20 prior to taking a shot. Rather, he or she should select a combatant to shoot or have a combatant selected by an instructor. The shooter should then determine the combatant's range based on the MOA and use proper aim point and hold to aim at the combatant. The shooter should then, in his or her mind, take into account the range and wind scenario. After shots are fired and recorded on the target, the shooter may analyze his or her results using the impact overlays in order to determine how successful a shot would have been at the intended distance, rather than the 25 meters.
- the overlays are designed to be faint, thin lines.
- the overlay lines may also be provided in various colors so that a marksman can more easily and quickly keep score of his or her hits after completing a round.
- the overlays may be provided on a separate transparent sheet that may be placed over the target or otherwise projected onto the target.
- a shooter Prior to beginning target practice using the target system provided in FIG. 1 , a shooter should take care to make sure that his or her weapon is zeroed.
- a first zeroing target 140 which may be present in the target system of FIG. 1 , is illustrated in FIG. 2 .
- a shooter's gun In order to make sure that a shooter's gun is zeroed he or she should aim at a center 150 of the zeroing target 140 such that a triangle 160 placed above the center 150 just touches the top of the red dot (not illustrated associated with the scope).
- the shooter should adjust to an upper circle 170 for a 300 meter zero and a lower circle 180 for a 200 meter zero. If the scope is not appropriately zeroed it may be necessary for a shooter to further calibrate his or her scope before beginning target practice.
- FIG. 3 an alternative embodiment of the target system shown in FIG. 1 is provided.
- the target provided in FIG. 3 may be adapted for a particular firearm, using a particular scope, and firing a particular round of ammunition.
- the target may be adapted for use with an M4 or M27 firearm using an RCO-M150-ACOG scope, and firing M855 ammunition.
- both enemy combatants and innocent bystanders are shown.
- enemy combatants 190 , 200 , 210 , 220 are distinguished from the innocent bystanders by having overlays, while an innocent bystander 230 is shown as shaded in with stippling.
- the combatants may brandish weapons while the bystanders may not. Further distinguishing features like combat or civilian attire may also be present in alternative embodiments.
- each of the enemy combatants are further associated with a distance that the combatants attempt to emulate during a target practice session.
- the enemy combatant 190 is positioned to replicate a 110 meter distance
- the enemy combatant 200 is positioned and located to emulate a 180 meter distance
- the enemy combatant 210 is positioned to replicate a 270 meter distance
- the enemy combatant 220 is positioned and located to emulate a 340 meter distance.
- various other enemy combatants and their simulated distances are provided.
- the enemy combatants provided in FIG. 3 also include overlays with which they are associated that simulate various wind conditions.
- the enemy combatant 220 for example, includes three overlays, a left overlay 240 , a center overlay 250 , and a right overlay 260 .
- the left overlay 240 preferably simulates a 9 o'clock 5 MPH wind, while the center overlay 250 simulates no wind.
- the right overlay 260 simulates a 1:30 o'clock 15 MPH wind. Because the 1:30 o'clock wind is provided at a greater speed, it is necessary for a shooter to aim farther right to compensate for the wind, as exemplified by the overlay 260 being further right of center than the overlay 240 is left of center.
- Overlays 270 , 280 , 290 of the combatant 210 are provided below the enemy combatant 210 because of the above described (in FIG. 1 ) difference in planes between the line of sight and the bore axis.
- the overlays 270 and 290 are also closer to center and the combatant 210 than the overlays 240 , 260 associated with the combatant 220 because of the greater effect that wind has over greater distances, as described above.
- the overlays such as 240 , 250 , 260 , 270 , 280 , 290 indicate, in relation to the enemy combatants 220 and 210 respectively, where a bullet should pass 25 meters on its way to a long distance shot in order to hit the enemy combatants 210 , 220 (i.e., 340 meters and 270 meters, respectively). They also are moderately adjusted to account for the difference in vertical location between the scope and the bore axis. At the distances provided in FIG. 3 , the overlays are shown below the combatants, because the bullet would not need to be on as great of a trajectory as if the combatants were simulating longer distances. At greater distances (like in FIG. 1 for enemy combatant 40 ), the overlays may be above the combatant silhouette rather than below the combatant silhouette.
- the innocent bystander 230 shown in FIG. 3 does not include overlays.
- a marksman should recognize the innocent bystanders, and not take shots at them. Thus, it is unnecessary to provide the bystanders with overlays.
- the enemy combatants and bystanders may be provided as realistic looking figures.
- the landscape provided behind the enemy combatants may be realistic looking.
- the enemy combatants may be depicted as prey, and the landscape associated with the hunting target systems may be altered, though the landscape may also appear realistic.
- FIGS. 4 and 5 also illustrate alternative zeroing charts 300 and 310 , as compared to the chart 140 of FIG. 2 .
- those charts 300 , 310 may be located at the lower left and the lower right of a target system like the target system illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 3 (or FIG. 6 described below), respectively.
- a shooter For each of the zeroing targets 300 , 310 a shooter should use his or her rifle combat optic (RCO) and point and aim for center circles 320 provided on the charts 300 , 310 . If hits are recorded in the circles 330 provided below the center circles 320 , the gun is properly zeroed. If the hits do not land in the circles 320 , the weapon should be recalibrated.
- RCO rifle combat optic
- FIG. 6 provides yet another embodiment of a target system that can be used to simulate long-range shots at a short distance.
- the target system provided in FIG. 6 is also meant to be provided at a 25 meter actual distance at a range. It may be intended to be used with an M4 having an ACOG/RCO scope, or M27 with the same scope using M855 ammunition, for example.
- enemy combatants provided in FIG. 6 are shown as silhouettes but may also be provided as realistic looking enemies that hold weapons, while innocent bystanders are stippled silhouettes, although in alternative embodiments, the bystanders may also be shown as more detailed, realistic figures.
- the enemy combatants shown in FIG. 6 are figures 340, 350, and 360 .
- the innocent bystander is figure 370 .
- the enemy combatant 360 includes three overlays 380 , 390 , and 400 .
- the overlay 380 is provided left of the enemy combatant 360
- the overlay 390 is provided center of the enemy combatant 360
- the right overlay 400 is provided right of the enemy combatant 360 .
- the left overlay 380 is positioned and located to simulate a 10 MPH 7:30 o'clock wind
- the center overlay 390 is positioned to simulate zero wind.
- the right overlay 400 is positioned to simulate a 10 MPH 3 o'clock wind.
- the overlays are provided above the enemy combatant 360 because combatant 360 is supposed to replicate a 560 meter distance, at which the bullet will have dropped.
- the combatant 340 is scaled to be at a distance of 255 meters, and the combatant 350 is scaled to be at a distance of 320 meters.
- the target provided in FIG. 6 may in alternative embodiments include zeroing targets like the zeroing targets 140 , 300 , 310 .
- the targets provided in FIGS. 1, 3, and 6 are all calibrated to simulate long distance shots taken at 25 meters.
- the targets may be adapted to different distances, such as 25 yards, to similarly simulate long distance shots.
- the same mathematical ballistics described above may be used not only to size the enemy combatants that act as the point of aim, but also to calculate where overlays may be provided to simulate various variable conditions that provide a point of impact for a point of aim.
- other targets could be provided that simulate other weapons and/or ammunition.
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Abstract
Description
- This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/509,673 entitled “Simulated Range Targets With Impact Overlay” to Justin C. Bergeson, filed May 22, 2017, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
- Military personnel and other recreational marksmen such as hunters train in order to become more proficient at long-range shooting. However, finding an indoor or even outdoor range to practice long-range shooting skills can be a challenge. Moreover, outdoor long-range shooting ranges often cannot be used in difficult weather conditions. Thus, a need exists for a solution to help develop long-range shooting skills with the convenience of a short-range target. Such a solution may be used on a base, at an indoor or outdoor shooting facility at a short range, or when a member of the military is deployed.
- The present invention provides precision target practice that simulates long distance shooting using a 25 meter (or other specific distances) target. By precisely scaling all factors in a scenario, such as target size, target range, wind and other exterior ballistics, soldiers and shooters can effectively train precision shooting skills on a 25 meter platform. The present invention allows for target practice that can simulate long distances by using a short-range target that may simulate multiple ranges or distances The simulated range target is a tool that gives precision rifle shooters a legitimate and realistic simulated long-range shooting target that is placed at short distances from the shooter. When the simulated range targets are placed 25 meters from the shooter, for example, silhouettes are provided that accurately reproduce the visual size (and measurements) of longer range shots. That said, it will be appreciated that, depending upon design and scaling, embodiments of the target may be placed at distances other than 25 meters from the shooter; for example, at 10 meters, 20 meters, 50 meters, 75 meters, or any other suitable distance.
- Moreover, the present invention provides a simulated range target that has an offset overlay. The offset overlay may be embodied as an additional silhouette or outlined shape offset from the silhouette that reproduces the visual size of the long-range target. In other embodiments, the overlay may be included on a transparent sheet that may be placed against the target or in connection or association with a measuring tool or template. The offset overlay may be vertically and/or horizontally offset from a target or silhouettes to take into account and simulate several changing variables that a shooter may encounter when taking a long-range shot, such as bullet drop, distance, wind direction, wind speed, and other exterior ballistics factors and variables that affect a shot or the trajectory of the fired bullet. The invention thus allows shooters to replicate a rifle scope's view while aiming away from the intended target in order to achieve the correct hold for all of the factors involved in that specific engagement, thus achieving simulated long-range shooting at a short distance. Each target system in accordance with the present invention may use attributes of a particular firearm, a particular bullet, a particular sight or scope, and/or particular atmospheric or environmental conditions in determining or calculating the location of the overlays relative to the intended target.
-
FIG. 1 is a first simulated range target system provided according to the teachings of a first embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 1A is an isolated view of a first target combatant shown inFIG. 1 ; -
FIG. 1B is an isolated view of a second target combatant shown inFIG. 1 ; -
FIG. 1C is an isolated view of a third target combatant shown inFIG. 1 ; -
FIG. 1D is an isolated view of a fourth target combatant shown inFIG. 1 ; -
FIG. 2 is a first zeroing target that may be used to calibrate a firearm for use with the range target systems ofFIG. 1, 3 , or 6; -
FIG. 3 is a second simulated range target system provided according to the teachings of another embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 4 is a second zeroing target that may be used to calibrate a firearm for use with the range target systems ofFIG. 1, 3 , or 6; -
FIG. 5 is a third zeroing target that may be used to calibrate a firearm for use with the range target systems ofFIG. 1, 3 , or 6; and -
FIG. 6 is a third simulated range target system provided according to the teachings of a further embodiment of the present invention. - The invention will now be described with reference to various images. For purposes of clarity in illustrating the characteristics of the present invention, proportional relationships of the elements in the images have not necessarily been maintained. It will be appreciated that the images are simply provided as examples as part of case study summaries.
- The following detailed description of the invention references specific embodiments in which the invention can be practiced. The embodiments are intended to describe aspects of the invention in sufficient detail to enable those skilled in the art to practice the invention. Other embodiments can be utilized and changes can be made without departing from the scope of the present invention. This description is not to be taken in a limiting sense and shall not limit the scope of equivalents to which such claims are entitled.
- The present disclosure is generally directed to a simulated range target system. Using traditional mathematical ballistics, when a soldier or other marksman takes aim at a target, the target's distance from the shooter may be determined by angular measurements known as Minute of Angle, or “MOA,” and Milradians, or “MIL.” As one skilled in the art would recognize, one MOA, as an angular measurement, equals approximately 0.29 inches at 25 meters, 1.15 inches at 100 meters, 2.29 inches at 200 meters, 11.45 inches at 1,000 meters, and so on.
- To determine target distance using mathematical ballistics, a shooter may measure a known or well estimated target feature, such as shoulder width, top of head to knees or top of head to shoulder in order to extrapolate a distance, for example by assuming a shoulder width of 19 inches. He or she may be able to do so using the angular measurement provided on his or her optic to determine that the shoulders are 2.6 MOA. Proficient shooters may then use a formula to determine the target distance based on the 2.6 MOA measurement at a known 19 inch shoulder width. In this example, if a shooter were to estimate and assume that a target had a 19 inch shoulder width, he or she would be able to determine that the target is 640 meters away based on the above mathematical ballistics calibration system.
- When variables such as a shooter's rifle, sight system, specific ammunition, wind, trajectory, and other exterior ballistics are introduced, there is an exact correction (barrel angle and deviation compared to the line of sight) that allows for the shooter to correct and account for the aforementioned known and predictable variables to achieve hits on his or her target with minimal, predictable error. This correction is also measured by MOA or MIL angular measurements. The correction is dependent on and different for different types of weapons. For the 640 meter example described above, the correction may be, for example, 10 MOA up and 7 MOA right to account for a 15 MPH wind and a 640 meter target distance.
- Those same mathematical ballistics may be scaled and applied with the same visual enemy (2.6 MOA shoulders) and same correction up 10 MOA and right 7 MOA on a much closer paper target. In the case of an enemy combatant 640 meters away from the shooter, the calculation would be 19 inch shoulder/640 meters=0.0297*25 meter paper target distance from shooter=0.7422 inches. This 0.7422 inch measurement may be the shoulder width of an enemy combatant scaled to size printed on an actual target at 640 meters for a 25 meter shot. Because of the nature of an angular measurement, the 0.7422 inch soldier measures the same 2.6 MOA as the actual long-range soldier.
- Even more particularly, weapons systems and optics have precise angles associated with their bullet trajectories, line of sight/point of aim, and bore axes. These exterior ballistics qualities are known, and thus repeatable and predictable for various ammunitions and rifles.
- For example, for an M4 with an Advanced Combat Optical Gunsight (“ACOG”), to provide a true (zero) intersection between the true optics (or line of sight) axis and the bore axis (zero) at 300 meters, the bullet should pass 25 meters 0.4 inches below the line of sight axis. As set forth below in some examples, this exact measurement changes slightly with the measurements of any rifle, scope, optic or sight.
- In
FIG. 1 , a simulated range target system is provided for use with a holographic weapon sight (“HWS”)—M68—red dot scope used with an M4 weapon firing M855 ammunition. Other target systems may be created, some of which are illustrated in the Figures and described below, for various other types of scopes, weapons, and ammunition. Thus, the concepts described herein may be adapted and specifically tailored for use with various rifle-scope combinations, various sizes, and types of ammunition having different ballistics coefficients and characteristics, various simulated distances, and other various simulated shooting conditions and parameters. - In
FIG. 1 , multiple enemy fighters are shown to simulate various long distances based on a 19 inch shoulder. In other words, the enemy combatants shown inFIG. 1 are scaled to have shoulder widths of 19 inches viewed from the distance at which they are placed using the above mathematical ballistics. Afirst enemy combatant 10 is simulated as being 100 meters away, asecond enemy combatant 20 is simulated as being 200 meters away, athird enemy combatant 30 is simulated as being 300 meters away, and afourth enemy combatant 40 is simulated as being 400 meters away. Thus, for example, when the simulated target range is placed at 25 meters from the shooter, theenemy combatant 10 appears at the approximate size that a combatant having a 19 inch shoulder width would appear at 100 meters away, and theenemy combatant 40 appears at the size that an enemy combatant having 19 inch shoulder width would appear at 400 meters. It will be appreciated that the enemy combatant or other target objects may be proportioned, sized, and simulated as being located at distances other than those listed herein. For eachenemy combatant combatants FIGS. 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D , respectively, and are described below. - For each
combatant - The M68 HWS sight particularly has a height over bore of 2.5 inches and a 200 meter zero. Thus, on the 25 meter target that is subject of
FIG. 1 , the correct point of impact is below the point of aim, offset down 1.1811 inches. In other words, when a red dot is zeroed for 200 meters, the bullet passes 1.1811 inches below the line of sight at 25 meters. - Turning first to
combatant 10 illustrated inFIG. 1A , with the above-described 200 meter zero, the bullet path is above the line of sight at 100 meters by 1.36 MOA. At a 25 meter target, this is equivalent to 0.39 inches. Adjusting for the height over bore, 0.39 inches should be subtracted from the 1.1811 inch height over bore. As a result,overlay 45 associated with thecombatant 10 should be placed 0.7911 inches offset (and below) the target to simulate a 100 meter shot. - It should be noted that the
combatant 10 includes only afirst overlay 45. This is because while some combatants (likecombatants overlay 45. - Three impact overlays are provided for each of the
enemy combatants FIGS. 1B, 1C, and 1D , respectively. For theenemy combatant 20, each of aleft overlay 50,center overlay 60, andright overlay 70 are provided. For theenemy combatant 30, each of aleft overlay 80,center overlay 90, andright overlay 100 are provided. For theenemy combatant 40, each of aleft overlay 110,center overlay 120, andright overlay 130 are provided. - Taking the
enemy combatant 20 first into consideration as an example, theoverlays enemy combatant 20 at 200 meters, taking into account various external factors described below. In describing the overlays and combatants below, the overlays may be described as the point of impact or “POI”, while the combatants may be referred to as the point of aim, or “POA”, respectively. - As alluded to above, the provided 25 meter paper targets may use the same correction calibrations to achieve hits even when taking into account various variable factors. This is done by separating the POA and the POI on the paper target as shown and demonstrated by the
enemy combatants FIG. 1 , andFIGS. 1A, 1B, 1C, and 1D . - In
FIG. 1B , theoverlays o'clock 5 MPH wind, zero wind, and 3o'clock 10 MPH wind, respectively. As understood in the art and referred to herein, a 9 o'clock wind is a wind blowing from 9 o'clock toward 3 o'clock in a direct left to right fashion, while a 3 o'clock wind is a wind blowing from 3 o'clock to 9 o'clock in a right to left fashion. Thus, as shown inFIG. 1B , theenemy combatant 20 is coupled to aleft overlay 50 that is to the left of theenemy combatant 20 because extrapolated out to a longer distance, the ballistics of the bullet or other ammunition would be affected by wind. More specifically, a wind from left to right would cause the bullet to drift from left to right. Similarly, the rightmost overlay 70 is placed to the right of the point of aim orenemy combatant 20 because a cross wind from right to left will cause the bullet to travel from the right to left. Thus, at 25 meters, a shot would have to be left or right of the POA to be a hit on the POA at a greater distance. - The
overlays enemy combatant 20 for the 200 meter shot. That is because when the firearm is zeroed to a 200 meter shot (which it is in the illustrated embodiment), at 25 meters, the point of impact is offset downwardly relative to the line of sight. Thus theoverlays enemy combatants 20, where the bullet should pass 25 meters on its way to a long distance shot in order to hit the enemy combatant 20 (i.e., 200 meters). The offset overlays are based both on exterior ballistics and an initial 25 meter zero offset for a 200 meter zero. In accordance with mathematical ballistics, the offsetoverlay 70 is farther right of center than the offsetoverlay 50 is left of center. That is because, as mentioned above, the wind associated with theright overlay 70 is a 10 MPH wind, while the wind associated with theleft overlay 50 is only a 5 MPH wind. Thus, a shooter must compensate more for the 3o'clock 10 MPH wind than the 9o'clock 5 MPH wind. - Turning now to the
enemy combatant 30 ofFIG. 1C , itsoverlays enemy combatant 30 than theoverlays enemy combatant 20. That is because at 300 meters, the bullet has begun its drop, and also because the difference between the scope and the ballistics exit point. Thus, a hold above the high center chest to account for the bullet drop is required. - This drop is even more pronounced with the
overlays enemy combatant 40 ofFIG. 1D . That is because at a distance as great as 400 meters, the bullet will have begun its downward trajectory were it to hit a target at 400 meters. Thus, to simulate a 400 meter shot at only 25 meters, a shooter should aim above the point of aim. - Moreover, it should be noted that the
overlays combatant 40 that are subject to the crosswinds described above are further from center than are the overlays associated with thecombatants - When using the target such as the target shown in
FIG. 1 , a shooter should take care of not to look at the overlays such asoverlays enemy combatant 20 prior to taking a shot. Rather, he or she should select a combatant to shoot or have a combatant selected by an instructor. The shooter should then determine the combatant's range based on the MOA and use proper aim point and hold to aim at the combatant. The shooter should then, in his or her mind, take into account the range and wind scenario. After shots are fired and recorded on the target, the shooter may analyze his or her results using the impact overlays in order to determine how successful a shot would have been at the intended distance, rather than the 25 meters. In a preferred embodiment, in order to help prevent a shooter from looking at the overlays when taking aim, the overlays are designed to be faint, thin lines. The overlay lines may also be provided in various colors so that a marksman can more easily and quickly keep score of his or her hits after completing a round. In other embodiments, the overlays may be provided on a separate transparent sheet that may be placed over the target or otherwise projected onto the target. - Prior to beginning target practice using the target system provided in
FIG. 1 , a shooter should take care to make sure that his or her weapon is zeroed. Afirst zeroing target 140, which may be present in the target system ofFIG. 1 , is illustrated inFIG. 2 . In order to make sure that a shooter's gun is zeroed he or she should aim at acenter 150 of the zeroingtarget 140 such that atriangle 160 placed above thecenter 150 just touches the top of the red dot (not illustrated associated with the scope). As known and understood in the art, the shooter should adjust to an upper circle 170 for a 300 meter zero and alower circle 180 for a 200 meter zero. If the scope is not appropriately zeroed it may be necessary for a shooter to further calibrate his or her scope before beginning target practice. - Turning now to
FIG. 3 , an alternative embodiment of the target system shown inFIG. 1 is provided. The target provided inFIG. 3 , like the other targets described herein, may be adapted for a particular firearm, using a particular scope, and firing a particular round of ammunition. For example, the target may be adapted for use with an M4 or M27 firearm using an RCO-M150-ACOG scope, and firing M855 ammunition. In the target shown inFIG. 3 , both enemy combatants and innocent bystanders are shown. InFIG. 3 ,enemy combatants innocent bystander 230 is shown as shaded in with stippling. In alternative embodiments, the combatants may brandish weapons while the bystanders may not. Further distinguishing features like combat or civilian attire may also be present in alternative embodiments. - In
FIG. 3 , each of the enemy combatants are further associated with a distance that the combatants attempt to emulate during a target practice session. Thus, inFIG. 3 , theenemy combatant 190 is positioned to replicate a 110 meter distance, theenemy combatant 200 is positioned and located to emulate a 180 meter distance, theenemy combatant 210 is positioned to replicate a 270 meter distance, theenemy combatant 220 is positioned and located to emulate a 340 meter distance. In alternative targets, various other enemy combatants and their simulated distances are provided. - Like the enemy combatants in
FIG. 1 , the enemy combatants provided inFIG. 3 also include overlays with which they are associated that simulate various wind conditions. Theenemy combatant 220, for example, includes three overlays, aleft overlay 240, acenter overlay 250, and aright overlay 260. Theleft overlay 240 preferably simulates a 9o'clock 5 MPH wind, while thecenter overlay 250 simulates no wind. Theright overlay 260 simulates a 1:30 o'clock 15 MPH wind. Because the 1:30 o'clock wind is provided at a greater speed, it is necessary for a shooter to aim farther right to compensate for the wind, as exemplified by theoverlay 260 being further right of center than theoverlay 240 is left of center. -
Overlays combatant 210 are provided below theenemy combatant 210 because of the above described (inFIG. 1 ) difference in planes between the line of sight and the bore axis. Theoverlays combatant 210 than theoverlays combatant 220 because of the greater effect that wind has over greater distances, as described above. - As such, the overlays such as 240, 250, 260, 270, 280, 290 indicate, in relation to the
enemy combatants enemy combatants 210, 220 (i.e., 340 meters and 270 meters, respectively). They also are moderately adjusted to account for the difference in vertical location between the scope and the bore axis. At the distances provided inFIG. 3 , the overlays are shown below the combatants, because the bullet would not need to be on as great of a trajectory as if the combatants were simulating longer distances. At greater distances (like inFIG. 1 for enemy combatant 40), the overlays may be above the combatant silhouette rather than below the combatant silhouette. - It should be noted that the
innocent bystander 230 shown inFIG. 3 does not include overlays. During target practice, a marksman should recognize the innocent bystanders, and not take shots at them. Thus, it is unnecessary to provide the bystanders with overlays. - In other embodiments similar to
FIG. 3 , the enemy combatants and bystanders may be provided as realistic looking figures. Similarly, the landscape provided behind the enemy combatants may be realistic looking. In alternative embodiments, where the target system is provided for recreational hunter target practice, the enemy combatants may be depicted as prey, and the landscape associated with the hunting target systems may be altered, though the landscape may also appear realistic. -
FIGS. 4 and 5 also illustratealternative zeroing charts chart 140 ofFIG. 2 . In many embodiments, thosecharts FIGS. 1 and 3 (orFIG. 6 described below), respectively. For each of the zeroingtargets 300, 310 a shooter should use his or her rifle combat optic (RCO) and point and aim for center circles 320 provided on thecharts circles 330 provided below the center circles 320, the gun is properly zeroed. If the hits do not land in thecircles 320, the weapon should be recalibrated. -
FIG. 6 provides yet another embodiment of a target system that can be used to simulate long-range shots at a short distance. The target system provided inFIG. 6 is also meant to be provided at a 25 meter actual distance at a range. It may be intended to be used with an M4 having an ACOG/RCO scope, or M27 with the same scope using M855 ammunition, for example. Like the target provided inFIG. 1 or 3 , enemy combatants provided inFIG. 6 are shown as silhouettes but may also be provided as realistic looking enemies that hold weapons, while innocent bystanders are stippled silhouettes, although in alternative embodiments, the bystanders may also be shown as more detailed, realistic figures. The enemy combatants shown inFIG. 6 arefigures 340, 350, and 360 . The innocent bystander isfigure 370 . - For the purpose of providing an example, the
enemy combatant 360 includes threeoverlays overlay 380 is provided left of theenemy combatant 360, while theoverlay 390 is provided center of theenemy combatant 360, and theright overlay 400 is provided right of theenemy combatant 360. Theleft overlay 380 is positioned and located to simulate a 10 MPH 7:30 o'clock wind, and thecenter overlay 390 is positioned to simulate zero wind. Theright overlay 400 is positioned to simulate a 10MPH 3 o'clock wind. In theexemplary overlays enemy combatant 360 becausecombatant 360 is supposed to replicate a 560 meter distance, at which the bullet will have dropped. Thus, a hold above the high center chest to account for the bullet drop at the greater, extrapolated distance is necessary. For the sake of comparison, thecombatant 340 is scaled to be at a distance of 255 meters, and thecombatant 350 is scaled to be at a distance of 320 meters. The target provided inFIG. 6 , like other targets inFIGS. 1 and 3 , may in alternative embodiments include zeroing targets like the zeroingtargets - The targets provided in
FIGS. 1, 3, and 6 are all calibrated to simulate long distance shots taken at 25 meters. In alternative embodiments, the targets may be adapted to different distances, such as 25 yards, to similarly simulate long distance shots. In those embodiments, the same mathematical ballistics described above may be used not only to size the enemy combatants that act as the point of aim, but also to calculate where overlays may be provided to simulate various variable conditions that provide a point of impact for a point of aim. Moreover, other targets could be provided that simulate other weapons and/or ammunition. - From the foregoing, it will be seen that this invention is one well adapted to attain all the ends and objects hereinabove set forth together with other advantages which are obvious and which are inherent to the structure. It will be understood that certain features and sub combinations are of utility and may be employed without reference to other features and sub combinations. This is contemplated by and is within the scope of the claims. Since many possible embodiments of the invention may be made without departing from the scope thereof, it is also to be understood that all matters herein set forth or shown in the accompanying drawings are to be interpreted as illustrative and not limiting.
- The constructions described above and illustrated in the drawings are presented by way of example only and are not intended to limit the concepts and principles of the present invention. Thus, there has been shown and described several embodiments of a novel invention. As is evident from the foregoing description, certain aspects of the present invention are not limited by the particular details of the examples illustrated herein, and it is therefore contemplated that other modifications and applications, or equivalents thereof, will occur to those skilled in the art. The terms “having” and “including” and similar terms as used in the foregoing specification are used in the sense of “optional” or “may include” and not as “required”. Many changes, modifications, variations and other uses and applications of the present construction will, however, become apparent to those skilled in the art after considering the specification and the accompanying drawings. All such changes, modifications, variations and other uses and applications which do not depart from the spirit and scope of the invention are deemed to be covered by the invention.
Claims (20)
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US15/986,458 US20180335279A1 (en) | 2017-05-22 | 2018-05-22 | Simulated range targets with impact overlay |
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US201762509673P | 2017-05-22 | 2017-05-22 | |
US15/986,458 US20180335279A1 (en) | 2017-05-22 | 2018-05-22 | Simulated range targets with impact overlay |
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Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN109827476A (en) * | 2019-03-11 | 2019-05-31 | 南京森林警察学院 | A kind of gunnery training target range |
US20210102781A1 (en) * | 2018-03-26 | 2021-04-08 | Korea Military Academy R&Db Foundation | Point-of-impact analysis apparatus for improving accuracy of ballistic trajectory and point of impact by applying shooting environment of real personal firearm to virtual reality, and virtual shooting training simulation using same |
CN113834373A (en) * | 2021-09-27 | 2021-12-24 | 上海亿湾特训练设备科技有限公司 | Real person deduction virtual reality indoor and outdoor attack and defense fight training system and method |
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