US20180321006A1 - Device and method for blocking discharge in firearms - Google Patents
Device and method for blocking discharge in firearms Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20180321006A1 US20180321006A1 US16/002,336 US201816002336A US2018321006A1 US 20180321006 A1 US20180321006 A1 US 20180321006A1 US 201816002336 A US201816002336 A US 201816002336A US 2018321006 A1 US2018321006 A1 US 2018321006A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- magazine
- firearm
- blocking device
- locking element
- safety
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F41—WEAPONS
- F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
- F41A17/00—Safety arrangements, e.g. safeties
- F41A17/46—Trigger safeties, i.e. means for preventing trigger movement
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F41—WEAPONS
- F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
- F41A17/00—Safety arrangements, e.g. safeties
- F41A17/06—Electric or electromechanical safeties
- F41A17/063—Electric or electromechanical safeties comprising a transponder
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F41—WEAPONS
- F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
- F41A17/00—Safety arrangements, e.g. safeties
- F41A17/06—Electric or electromechanical safeties
- F41A17/066—Electric or electromechanical safeties having means for recognizing biometric parameters, e.g. voice control, finger print or palm print control
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F41—WEAPONS
- F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
- F41A17/00—Safety arrangements, e.g. safeties
- F41A17/08—Safety arrangements, e.g. safeties for inhibiting firing in a specified direction, e.g. at a friendly person or at a protected area
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F41—WEAPONS
- F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
- F41A17/00—Safety arrangements, e.g. safeties
- F41A17/34—Magazine safeties
- F41A17/36—Magazine safeties locking the gun automatically in a safety condition when the magazine is empty or removed
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F41—WEAPONS
- F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
- F41A17/00—Safety arrangements, e.g. safeties
- F41A17/34—Magazine safeties
- F41A17/38—Magazine mountings, e.g. for locking the magazine in the gun
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F41—WEAPONS
- F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
- F41A9/00—Feeding or loading of ammunition; Magazines; Guiding means for the extracting of cartridges
- F41A9/61—Magazines
- F41A9/64—Magazines for unbelted ammunition
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F41—WEAPONS
- F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
- F41A9/00—Feeding or loading of ammunition; Magazines; Guiding means for the extracting of cartridges
- F41A9/61—Magazines
- F41A9/64—Magazines for unbelted ammunition
- F41A9/65—Box magazines having a cartridge follower
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F41—WEAPONS
- F41C—SMALLARMS, e.g. PISTOLS, RIFLES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
- F41C3/00—Pistols, e.g. revolvers
Definitions
- the present invention relates to firearms. More particularly, the present invention relates to a safety magazine for various firearms.
- a second common cause of negligent discharges is placement by the gun-handler of his/her finger on the trigger before deciding to shoot. With the finger so positioned, many activities may cause the finger to compress the trigger unintentionally. For example, if one attempts to holster the firearm with finger on trigger, the holster edge might drive the finger onto the trigger, and discharge is likely.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a safety magazine for a firearm.
- a further object of the present invention is to provide a method for blocking a firearm and preventing accidental discharge. Further objects of the present invention will be apparent as the description proceeds.
- a safety magazine compatible with a firearm having a magazine housing comprising a top cover, having a shape compatible with the magazine housing; a bottom cover, covering a locking mechanism; and a top locking element, at least partially accommodated inside the top cover, wherein the locking element is configured to allow locking the safety magazine to the magazine housing.
- the top cover comprises a top portion that is configured to couple with the magazine housing.
- the magazine further comprises a dedicated space for accommodation of bullets.
- the magazine further comprises a control element configured to allow switching between locked and unlocked modes by a user.
- control element comprises at least one biometric identification unit.
- the magazine further comprises a mechanical identification override device.
- the magazine further comprises a bottom locking element.
- the top cover further comprises an opening corresponding in size to the locking element so as to allow the locking element to pass through the opening and engage the magazine housing.
- the top cover engages the magazine cover so as to block the operation of the firearm.
- the magazine further comprises a power storage unit.
- the power storage unit is connected to the bottom cover.
- the locking mechanism comprises a cam.
- the cam comprises a tooth that is configured to engage the top locking element.
- the magazine further comprises a communication unit capable of receiving wireless data, and wherein the operation of the locking mechanism corresponds to the received data.
- a method for locking a magazine to a firearm comprising providing a top cover, having a shape compatible with the magazine housing; providing a bottom cover, covering a locking mechanism; providing a top locking element, at least partially accommodated inside the top cover; and inserting the top cover into the magazine housing, wherein the locking element is configured to allow locking the safety magazine to the magazine housing.
- a discharge blocking device compatible with a firearm having a magazine housing and a trigger
- the discharge blocking device comprising a cover, having a shape compatible with the magazine housing, a base, covering a locking mechanism, and a locking element, at least partially accommodated inside the cover, wherein the locking element is configured to allow blocking the trigger of the firearm.
- the locking element is configured to allow locking the discharge blocking device to the magazine housing.
- the cover is configured to couple with the magazine housing.
- the discharge blocking device further comprises a positioning lever configured to allow indication upon accommodation of the discharge blocking device within the magazine housing.
- the discharge blocking device further comprises a dedicated space for accommodation of bullets.
- the discharge blocking device further comprises at least one user identification unit.
- the user identification unit comprises biometric identification.
- the discharge blocking device further comprises a mechanical identification override device.
- the mechanical identification override device comprises a media device.
- the discharge blocking device further comprises an indicator to indicate if the discharge blocking device is inserted into the magazine housing, said indicator is configured to disable the operation of the control element when said discharge blocking device is not inserted into said magazine housing.
- the discharge blocking device further comprises a power storage unit.
- the discharge blocking device further comprises an indicator of the status of the power storage unit.
- the locking mechanism comprises a cam.
- the cam comprises a tooth that is configured to engage the locking element.
- the discharge blocking device further comprises a communication unit capable of sending and receiving wireless data, and wherein the operation of the locking mechanism corresponds to the wireless data.
- the cover further comprises a window corresponding in size to the locking element so as to allow the locking element to pass through the window and engage the magazine housing.
- the locking element is pivoted about a pivot.
- a method for locking a magazine to a firearm and preventing accidental discharge comprising providing a cover of the magazine, having a shape compatible with the magazine housing, providing a base of the magazine, covering a locking mechanism, providing a locking element of the magazine, at least partially accommodated inside the cover, and inserting the cover of the magazine into the magazine housing, wherein the locking element is configured to allow locking the trigger.
- the locking element is configured to allow locking the magazine to the magazine housing.
- the method further comprises using a user identification segment to identify a user, and unlocking the trigger.
- FIG. 1A illustrates a frontal perspective view of a safety magazine, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 1B illustrates a back perspective view of the safety magazine, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 1C illustrates a back perspective view of a top cover of the safety magazine, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 1D illustrates a cross-sectional view of the safety magazine, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 2A illustrate a back perspective view of the safety magazine with the top cover removed, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 2B illustrate a frontal perspective view of the safety magazine with the top cover removed, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 3A illustrates a back perspective view of the safety magazine with the first internal cover removed, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 3B illustrates a frontal perspective view of the safety magazine with the second internal cover also removed, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 4A illustrates an exploded view of elements of the safety mechanism of the safety magazine, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 4B illustrates a perspective view of a cogwheel with a cam, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 5A illustrates a perspective view of the safety magazine inserted into a compatible firearm, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 5B illustrates a cross-sectional view of the safety magazine inserted into the firearm, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 6A illustrates a frontal perspective view of a discharge blocking device, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 6B illustrates a back perspective view of the discharge blocking device, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 6C illustrates a frontal perspective view of a cover of the discharge blocking device, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 6D illustrates a cross-sectional frontal view of the discharge blocking device, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 7A illustrate a frontal perspective view of the discharge blocking device with the cover removed, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 7B illustrate a back perspective view of the discharge blocking device with the cover removed, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 8A illustrates a frontal perspective view of the discharge blocking device with the first internal segment removed, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 8B illustrates a frontal perspective view of the discharge blocking device with the second internal segment removed, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 8C illustrates an exploded view of the safety mechanism within the discharge blocking device with the internal segments removed, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 9A illustrates a perspective view of a physical key and a media device, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 9B illustrates a bottom perspective view of the physical key and media device inserted into the base of the discharge blocking device, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 9C illustrates a cross-sectional view of discharge blocking device, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 10A illustrates a perspective view of the discharge blocking device inserted into a compatible firearm, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 10B illustrates a cross-sectional view of the discharge blocking device inserted into the firearm, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
- FIGS. 1A-1B illustrate a safety magazine, generally designated 10 a , according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 1A illustrates a frontal perspective view of a safety magazine 10 a
- FIG. 1B illustrates a back perspective view of safety magazine 10 .
- Safety magazine 10 comprises a top cover 11 having a structure compatible with commercially available magazines for firearms, for instance having a shape corresponding to and adapted to be inserted into a magazine housing of, for example, a Beretta® 6 -bullet handgun.
- Safety magazine 10 further comprises a bottom cover 12 that at least partially covers the safety mechanism, further described hereinafter.
- top cover 11 has a top portion 15 that is configured to couple with the magazine housing in a compatible firearm.
- a top locking element (or latch) 33 is designed to be capable of protruding from an opening 13 in top cover 11 , whereby the operation of top locking element 33 is configured to allow locking safety magazine 10 to the magazine housing when locking element 33 protrudes from the magazine 10 a , further described herein after.
- FIGS. 1C-1D illustrate a back perspective view of top cover 11 of safety magazine 10 and a cross-sectional view of safety magazine 10 (respectively), according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
- top cover 11 correspond to the shape and dimensions of a regular magazine (respectively), such that with the bottom elements the difference from the commercially available magazines may be seen.
- FIGS. 2A-2B illustrate back and frontal perspective views (respectively) of the safety magazine with top cover 11 removed, generally designated 20 a , according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
- safety magazine 20 may further comprise a first and second corresponding internal covers 21 a , 21 b that are configured to protect the mechanical elements (for the safety mechanism) within, while having a dedicated space 22 for accommodation of bullets in the magazine.
- safety magazine 20 may simultaneously provide standard operation of a magazine and also provide the safety mechanism, further described hereinafter.
- safety magazine 20 When safety magazine 20 is enabled (i.e. in an unlocked mode), the firearm may be immediately operated.
- FIGS. 3A-3B illustrate the safety mechanism with top cover 11 removed, generally designated 30 a , according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3A illustrates a back perspective view of the safety magazine with first internal cover 21 a removed
- FIG. 3B illustrates a frontal perspective view of the safety magazine with second internal cover 21 b also removed.
- the safety mechanism may include a power storage unit (e.g., a battery) 31 , a top locking element (or latch) 33 capable of locking onto the magazine housing once coupled, and a cam 32 .
- the power storage (e.g., a battery) 31 is configured to provide power for the safety mechanism, so as to allow operation of the mechanical elements.
- power storage 31 may be further connected to a safety control element 35 that is embedded into bottom cover 12 , so as to provide power to control element 35 .
- the user may use control element 35 in order to control the safety magazine.
- the user may switch between locked and unlocked modes (e.g., by pressing a button) of safety magazine 10 a , using control element 35 .
- control element 35 may be configured to enable operation of the safety magazine only by authorized user(s).
- control element may comprise identity (ID) recognition unit, e.g., finger print reader (not shown), and storage of ID data (not shown) for storing ID data of authorized users.
- ID identity
- control element may comprise identity (ID) recognition unit, e.g., finger print reader (not shown), and storage of ID data (not shown) for storing ID data of authorized users.
- the cam 32 is a rotatable piece (typically in a mechanical linkage) which is adapted to convert a rotary movement into a reciprocating movement. It may be a part of a rotating wheel (e.g., a simple tooth) or a shaft that strikes a lever (making contact with the cam) or a follower at one or more points on its circular path Cam 32 is rotatable about an axis coinciding with the center of a wheel, further described hereinafter.
- top locking element 33 is adjacent to cam 32 and acts as a lever once cam 32 the bottom portion 36 during rotation. Therefore, when a locked mode is selected for safety magazine cam 32 may rotate (with electrical power from power storage 31 ), and thus contact bottom portion 36 such that top locking element 33 protrudes from safety magazine cover 11 and thereby engages the magazine housing of the firearm and locks thereon.
- a positioning rod 37 may keep top locking element 33 on track while moving between the two states: inner state in unlocked mode and an outer state when top locking element 33 protrudes from the magazine and engages the magazine housing.
- the safety magazine further comprises a pivoted lever 38 that may be configured to sense whether the safety magazine is inserted into the magazine housing, wherein pivoted lever 38 may provide indication whether the magazine has been inserted into the magazine housing.
- pivoted lever 38 may press (or release) a micro switch as the sensing means during engagement with the magazine housing. Accordingly, pivoted lever 38 enables (or disables) the controlled features of control element 35 once the safety magazine is inserted into (or removed from) the magazine housing.
- FIGS. 4A-4B illustrate the cam 32 , according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4A illustrates an exploded partial view of the mechanism of the safety magazine with cam 32 at the center
- FIG. 4B illustrates a perspective view of cam 32 .
- the cam 32 is mechanically engaged and positioned coaxially with cam wheel 41 , and may further have a cam tooth 42 that is configured to engage bottom portion 36 (for instance as shown in FIG. 3B ) of locking element 33 .
- the tooth 42 engages locking element 33 , such that the rotational movement of wheel 41 is converted into reciprocating movement, for example of locking element 33 .
- FIGS. 5A-5B illustrate the safety magazine 10 inserted into a compatible firearm, generally designated 50 a , according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 5A illustrates a perspective view of safety magazine 10 inserted into a compatible firearm 50 a
- FIG. 5B illustrates a cross-sectional view of the same.
- safety magazine 10 may be operated both as a regular magazine, storing bullets at dedicated space 22 , such that firearm 50 can be used in the regular fashion, as well as be operated as a safety magazine that prevents unwanted (or unauthorized) use of firearm 50 a , when in locked mode.
- safety magazine 10 is provided in a locked state (e.g. initially locked by the user) such that, once safety magazine 10 is inserted into firearm 50 a , the safety magazine 10 is locked to the magazine housing (inside firearm 50 ) until an authorized user with a dedicated key removes the lock.
- the user may use a physical key (such as an electronic chip configured for the particular user) in order to unlock the safety magazine 10 .
- safety magazine 10 is provided with a physical barrier at top portion 15 (for instance as shown in FIGS. 1A-1B ) that may block or otherwise prevent operation of the firearm even if a bullet is positioned near the barrel, thereby providing safety.
- safety magazine 10 may be provided with a biometric identification unit embedded into the bottom cover such that safety magazine 10 may be setup to identify a predetermined list of authorized users, and thereby preventing unauthorized users from using the firearm.
- safety magazine 10 is also provided with a mechanical override (e.g., a physical key) to override the biometric ID unit when faulty or when the power storage runs out.
- the locking mechanism may further comprise a communication unit capable of receiving wireless data (e.g., via Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, GPS, or cellular networks).
- the communication unit may therefore allow a user to set conditions for the safety magazine to become unlocked. For example, once the safety magazine detects data that it is inside an authorized area (for instance from GPS data), then the locking is removed and the firearm may be used.
- a dedicated signal may be wirelessly received by the safety magazine such that a user may select that in a particular time the locking is removed, no matter who operates the firearm. For example, a training officer at the police academy may wirelessly remove the locking from multiple firearms that are scheduled for practice.
- locking element 33 may also lock the trigger bar, an internal component of the firearm, so as to prevent discharge.
- locking element 33 may disconnect the trigger from the firing pin and thereby rendering the firearm useless.
- the safety mechanism may further allow locking the trigger of the firearm so as to prevent movement of the trigger to cause a discharge, as further described hereinafter.
- FIGS. 6A-10B show some embodiments of the safety mechanism capable of locking the trigger of the firearm.
- FIGS. 6A-6B show a discharge blocking device, generally designated 100 a , according to some embodiments of the present invention.
- FIG. 6A illustrates a frontal perspective view (with respect to the shooting direction of the firearm) of a discharge blocking device 100 a
- FIG. 6B illustrates a back perspective view of the discharge blocking device 100 .
- discharge blocking device 100 (as a safety magazine) according to the invention is adapted to allow a user, operating a firearm, to block the discharge by having the safety mechanism (within the device) in a locked mode, such that the discharge may be enabled only according to the selection by the user with the safety mechanism. Therefore, in addition to the existing safety selector on the firearm, discharge blocking device 100 may provide further means for controlling the firing mode of the firearm (i.e., locked or unlocked mode), further described hereinafter.
- the discharge blocking device 100 may comprise a cover 110 having a structure that is compatible with some commercially available magazines for firearms, for instance having a shape and dimensions corresponding to and adapted to be inserted into a magazine housing of, for example, a Glock® handgun.
- Discharge blocking device 100 may further comprise a base 120 that at least partially covers a safety mechanism that is configured to block the discharge, further described hereinafter.
- base 120 may have a shape that is larger in diameter than cover 110 a , such that easy gripping (of base 120 ) by a user operating the firearm may be allowed for insertion into and removal from the firearm. It is therefore appreciated that only with the base 120 a , the difference from commercially available magazines may be observed, when the safety magazine is inserted into a firearm.
- cover 110 may have a top segment 170 that is configured to couple with the magazine housing in a compatible firearm (not shown in FIGS. 6A-6B ).
- Top segment 170 has an opening for insertion of cartridges therein (e.g., in a single column or staggered), such that the cartridge that is last inserted partially protrudes through top segment 170 in order to engage the firearm upon coupling with the magazine housing.
- discharge blocking device 100 provides accommodation of cartridges, and also engagement of these cartridges with the corresponding firearm upon coupling, as further described hereinafter.
- a locking element (or latch) 140 a accommodated within discharge blocking device 100 a , may be configured to be capable of protruding from a first window 130 in cover 110 .
- the operation of locking element 140 may be configured to allow locking discharge blocking device 100 to the magazine housing (of the corresponding firearm) when locking element 140 protrudes from discharge blocking device 100 and additionally lock the trigger of the firearm so as to block the discharge, as further described hereinafter. It should be noted that when discharge blocking device 100 is enabled (i.e., in an unlocked mode), the firearm may be immediately operated.
- cover 110 may further comprise a recess 180 that corresponds in shape to an external magazine catch 480 (shown in FIGS. 10A-10B ) in order to allow locking the position of discharge blocking device 100 within the magazine housing once the external magazine catch is inserted thereto.
- cover 110 may provide features similar to commercially available firearm magazines, as well as enhanced features for blocking discharge upon the selection of the user.
- At least one locking switch may control the locking of discharge blocking device 100 .
- discharge blocking device 100 may further comprise a positioning lever 160 that is initially in an “open” state and configured to allow detection of discharge blocking device 100 accommodated within the magazine housing.
- Positioning lever 160 may be configured to be capable of protruding from a second window 150 in cover 110 a , such that upon insertion into the magazine housing of a firearm, positioning lever 160 may engage the inner wall of the magazine housing.
- positioning lever 160 may switch to a “closed” state.
- positioning lever 160 may provide a first locking mechanism, that may be configured to disable the operation of the firearm unless in “closed” state.
- positioning lever 160 may be coupled to a micro-switch that is capable of electrically detecting change between “open” and “closed” states, as further described hereinafter.
- positioning lever 160 maybe operably coupled to locking element 140 a , wherein the coupling may be electrical or alternatively mechanical.
- locking element 140 may be automatically operated to move to a “locked” mode and block the trigger of the firearm so as to block any discharge until the user switches to “unlocked” mode, as further described hereinafter.
- positioning lever 160 is in an “open” state and locking element 140 is in “unlocked” mode, such that upon engagement with the magazine housing positioning lever 160 switches to “closed” state and thereby locking element 140 moves to a “locked” mode.
- discharge blocking device 100 may automatically switch to “locked” mode and prevent discharge upon engagement with the magazine housing.
- discharge blocking device 100 may further comprise a user identification segment 121 .
- User identification segment 121 may be operably coupled to the locking mechanism within discharge blocking device 100 and thereby coupled to locking element 140 so as to disable the blocking, i.e. switch to “unlocked” mode upon identification of the user.
- User identification segment 121 may comprise biometric user identification (e.g. fingerprint identification), password identification with a dedicated user interface, or any other identification means (for example buttons to be pressed by the user).
- user identification segment 121 may further comprise storage of ID data (not shown) for storing ID data of authorized users.
- discharge blocking device 100 may further comprise at least one indicator 123 that is configured to indicate the locking mode of discharge blocking device 100 a , e.g., “locked”, “unlocked”, “error”, etc.
- the user may control indicator 123 in order to change the mode of discharge blocking device 100 a , for instance pressing a button indicated “SAFE” in order to switch the device to a “locked” mode, or pressing a button indicated “FIRE” in order to switch the device to an “unlocked” mode.
- user identification segment 121 and indicator 123 may be electrically coupled to the locking mechanism so as to allow control of the locking mode of discharge blocking device 100 .
- FIGS. 6C-6D show a frontal perspective view of a cover 110 of discharge blocking device 100 and a cross-sectional frontal view of discharge blocking device 100 (respectively), wherein the cross-section is carried out parallel to user identification segment 121 , according to some embodiments of the present invention.
- discharge blocking device 100 may comprise a space 190 dedicated for accommodation of the cartridges (e.g., in a single column) as in a commercially available magazine.
- both locking mechanism and space 190 for accommodation of the cartridges may be covered by cover 110 .
- the structure of cover 110 corresponds to a commercially available magazine capable of accommodating cartridges in a staggered column, such that a different number of cartridges may be accommodated within discharge blocking device 100 while an additional discharge blocking safety mechanism is provided.
- locking element 140 may be pivoted about a pivot rod 145 from an “unlocked” mode to a “locked” mode when locking element 140 protrudes from cover 110 .
- pivot rod 145 may be embedded as a portion of an internal segment covering the locking mechanism, as further described hereinafter (for instance as shown in FIG. 8A ).
- discharge blocking device 200 may further comprise a first and second corresponding internal segments 210 a , 210 b that are configured to be adjoined so as to cover and protect the mechanical and electrical elements (of the locking mechanism) within.
- the base 120 may comprise additional elements for changing the locking mode of discharge blocking device 100 a , as further described hereinafter.
- FIGS. 8A-8B show the safety mechanism within the internal segments with the cover removed, according to some embodiments of the present invention.
- FIG. 8A illustrates a frontal perspective view of the discharge blocking device with first internal segment 210 a removed
- FIG. 8B illustrates a frontal perspective view of the discharge blocking device with second internal segment 210 b removed.
- the locking (or safety) mechanism housed inside first and second internal segments 210 a , 210 b comprises locking element 140 that is capable of blocking the trigger of the compatible firearm once coupled.
- the discharge blocking device such as device 100 a
- the user may use for example user identification segment 121 to unlock the device (or other identification options).
- locking element 140 moves from a “locked” mode (i.e., protruding to block the trigger of a firearm) to an “unlocked” mode.
- locking element 140 retracts inwardly into cover 110 until locking element 140 engages a back surface 240 such that locking element 140 no longer protrudes from the discharge blocking device, i.e., no longer protrudes from first window 130 (for instance as shown in FIG. 6A ).
- the user may control user identification segment 121 to lock the device, or by inserting the device into magazine housing thereby activating positioning lever 160 .
- moving locking element 140 to protrude from the discharge blocking device so as to engage the magazine housing of the firearm and block any discharge.
- the locking mechanism of discharge blocking device may also comprise a cam 232 with similar function wherein rotational movement is converted into reciprocating movement. Particularly, movement of cam 232 may engage panel 242 of locking element 140 so as to move locking element 140 from a “locked” mode to “unlocked” mode (or vice versa).
- control of the movement of locking element 140 by the user may be carried out mechanically (e.g., with a dedicated key) or alternatively carried out electrically (e.g., with a dedicated switch), as further described hereinafter.
- the safety mechanism may further comprise a power storage unit 280 a , e.g. a battery, (for instance, as shown in FIG. 8C ) that is configured to provide power for the safety mechanism, so as to allow operation of the mechanical elements.
- a battery status indicator may also be provided with the indicators 123 , for instance as shown in FIG. 6B .
- At least one switch may provide such indication, for instance with an electrical signal.
- a first switch 261 may be operably coupled to positioning lever 160 and provide an indication to user identification segment 121 regarding the state of discharge blocking device being inside a magazine housing (i.e., in “open” or “closed states). Specifically, movement of positioning lever 160 may engage first switch 261 when accommodated within a magazine housing since positioning lever 160 is pushed into the device due to engagement with the walls of the magazine housing.
- a second switch 262 may be operably coupled to panel 242 and provide an indication to user identification segment 121 regarding the state of discharge blocking device being in “locked” or “unlocked” modes. Specifically, movement of panel 242 may engage second switch 262 when in “locked” mode (as shown in FIGS. 8A-8B ) due to locking element 140 protruding and blocking the trigger of the firearm, thereby causing panel 242 to move backward towards user identification segment 121 and to engage second switch 262 .
- a third switch 263 may be operably coupled to body of locking element 140 and provide an indication to user identification segment 121 regarding the state of discharge blocking device being in “locked” or “unlocked” modes. Specifically, movement of locking element 140 may engage third switch 263 when in “unlocked” mode due to locking element 140 engaging back surface 240 a , thereby causing locking element 140 to move backward towards user identification segment 121 and to engage third switch 263 .
- second switch 262 may provide indication due to engagement with panel 242
- third switch 263 may provide indication due to engagement with back surface 240 a , whereby there is no indication between “locked” and “unlocked” modes since the second and third switches 262 , 263 are not engaged.
- discharge blocking device may become automatically in a “closed” state with positioning lever 160 engaging first switch 261 and thereby moving the device into a “locked” mode, with locking element 140 protruding and blocking the trigger of the firearm.
- an electrical signal from first switch 261 may initiate movement of cam 232 to engage panel 242 and thereby move locking element 140 to protrude from the device.
- movement of positioning lever 160 mechanically moves cam 232 to engage panel 242 .
- user identification segment 121 may provide indication of “locked” or “unlocked” mode due to corresponding signals from second and third switches 262 , 263 .
- user identification segment 121 may also provide indication of proper accommodation within the magazine housing with a corresponding signal from first switch 261 .
- second and third switches may improve reliability of the safety mechanism, as well as preventing stopping of locking element movement mid-way, between “locked” and “unlocked” modes.
- FIG. 8C illustrates an exploded view of the safety mechanism within the discharge blocking device with the internal segments removed, according to some embodiments of the present invention.
- a central controller (not shown) may control the operation of discharge blocking device. Specifically, such a controller may control user identification segment 121 switching between “locked” and “unlocked” modes.
- FIGS. 9A-9C show additional means for user identification with the discharge blocking device, according to some embodiments of the present invention.
- FIG. 9A illustrates a perspective view of a physical key 310 and a media device 320 .
- FIG. 9B illustrates a bottom perspective view of the physical key 310 and media device 320 inserted into the base 120 of the discharge blocking device.
- FIG. 9C illustrates a cross-sectional view of discharge blocking device 100 a , wherein the cross-section is parallel to locking element 140 .
- RFID radio- frequency identification
- NFC near-field-communication
- discharge blocking device may further be configured to allow coupling with other identification devices, for instance in case that user identification segment 121 has a malfunction or when the power storage runs out.
- a unique physical key 310 may be provided to the user to be inserted into a dedicated slot 312 within base 120 so as to allow manually moving to an “unlocked” device.
- insertion of key 310 into slot 312 may allow engaging key 310 with cam 232 , such that manual rotation of key 310 therein (by the user) may consequently rotate cam 232 and thereby move locking element to an “unlocked” mode.
- a media device 320 may be provided to the user, comprising unique information, that may unlock the discharge blocking device upon insertion of media device 320 therein.
- a media device 320 may allow connection to a computerized device (e.g., PC or smartphone) in order to allow management of authorized users as well as performing maintenance.
- FIGS. 10A-10B illustrate the discharge blocking device 100 inserted into a compatible firearm, generally designated 400 a , according to some embodiments of the present invention.
- FIG. 10A illustrates a perspective view of discharge blocking device 100 inserted into a compatible firearm 400 a
- FIG. 10B illustrates a cross-sectional view of the same.
- discharge blocking device 100 may be operated both as a regular magazine, storing cartridges at dedicated space 190 a , such that firearm 400 can be used in the regular fashion, as well as be operated as a discharge blocking device that prevents unwanted (or unauthorized) use of firearm 400 a , when in locked mode.
- locking element 140 protrudes from the discharge blocking device 100 to approach close to trigger 440 of firearm 400 .
- the user cannot squeeze trigger 440 to discharge firearm 400 (in a locked mode) since locking element 140 prevents any backward movement of trigger 440 .
- the user may change the state of discharge blocking device 100 from “locked” to “unlocked”, for example by using the user identification segment such that locking element 140 moves backwards and no longer protrudes through the discharge blocking device 100 a , and then trigger 440 may be operated to discharge firearm 400 .
- locking element 140 may also prevent removal of the discharge blocking device 100 from the magazine housing.
- discharge blocking device 100 has a locking element that is directed to the opposite direction, i.e., towards the barrel of the firearm, in order to allow blocking the trigger of the firearm with the locking element.
- discharge blocking device 100 is provided with a physical barrier at top segment that may block or otherwise prevent operation of the firearm even if a cartridge is positioned near the barrel, thereby providing extra safety.
- the locking mechanism may further comprise a communication unit capable of sending and receiving wireless data (e.g., via Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, GPS, or cellular networks).
- the communication unit may therefore allow a user to set conditions for the discharge blocking device to become unlocked. For example, once the discharge blocking device detects data that it is inside an authorized area (for instance from GPS data), then the locking is removed and the firearm may be used.
- a dedicated signal may be wirelessly received by the discharge blocking device such that a user may select that in a particular time the locking is removed, no matter who operates the firearm. For example, a training officer at the police academy may wirelessly remove the locking from multiple firearms that are scheduled for practice.
Abstract
A discharge blocking device compatible with a firearm that has a magazine housing. The safety magazine comprises a cover that has a shape compatible with the magazine housing, a base that covers a locking mechanism, and a locking element that at least partially accommodates inside the cover. The locking element is configured to allow blocking the trigger of the firearm. A method for locking a magazine to a firearm and preventing accidental discharge is disclosed. The method comprises providing a cover, that has a shape compatible with the magazine housing, providing a base, covering a locking mechanism, providing a locking element, and inserting the cover into the magazine housing, wherein the locking element is configured to allow blocking the trigger.
Description
- This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/059,350, filed Mar. 3, 2016y, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/945,536, filed Nov. 19, 2015, which are incorporated herein by reference.
- The present invention relates to firearms. More particularly, the present invention relates to a safety magazine for various firearms.
- In recent years, there has been an increase in the number of accidental, negligent or unauthorized discharge from various firearms, and particularly handguns. Such incidents typically occur when the trigger of the firearm is deliberately pulled for a purpose other than shooting, such as dry-fire practice, demonstration or function testing, but the ammunition is unintentionally left in the chamber. Unintentionally leaving a firearm loaded is more likely to occur when the individual handling the gun is poorly trained, and perhaps also with removable-magazine-fed firearms (as the magazine may be removed, giving an unloaded appearance even when a round remains chambered). Since most handguns are designed such that the magazine constantly remains inside, thus keeping the handgun constantly loaded, such accidental or otherwise undesired or unauthorized discharge is more likely to occur.
- A second common cause of negligent discharges is placement by the gun-handler of his/her finger on the trigger before deciding to shoot. With the finger so positioned, many activities may cause the finger to compress the trigger unintentionally. For example, if one attempts to holster the firearm with finger on trigger, the holster edge might drive the finger onto the trigger, and discharge is likely.
- Accidental discharges not involving a trigger-pull can also occur if the firearm is mechanically unsound: due to poor maintenance, abuse or the use of defective ammunition in the gun, may all lead to breakage.
- Furthermore, recently there has been a sharp increase in misuse of firearms with unauthorized users firing (for fun or by accident), and particularly youngsters using their parents' firearms. Such incidents cause many injuries (and sometimes fatalities) since there are no means to prevent other people from using a gun of an authorized user.
- It would, therefore, be advantageous to provide safety means for firearms so as to prevent unintentional and/or unauthorized firing.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a safety magazine for a firearm.
- A further object of the present invention is to provide a method for blocking a firearm and preventing accidental discharge. Further objects of the present invention will be apparent as the description proceeds.
- There is thus provided, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a safety magazine compatible with a firearm having a magazine housing, the safety magazine comprising a top cover, having a shape compatible with the magazine housing; a bottom cover, covering a locking mechanism; and a top locking element, at least partially accommodated inside the top cover, wherein the locking element is configured to allow locking the safety magazine to the magazine housing.
- Furthermore, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the top cover comprises a top portion that is configured to couple with the magazine housing.
- Furthermore, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the magazine further comprises a dedicated space for accommodation of bullets.
- Furthermore, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the magazine further comprises a control element configured to allow switching between locked and unlocked modes by a user.
- Furthermore, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the control element comprises at least one biometric identification unit.
- Furthermore, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the magazine further comprises a mechanical identification override device.
- Furthermore, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the magazine further comprises a bottom locking element.
- Furthermore, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the top cover further comprises an opening corresponding in size to the locking element so as to allow the locking element to pass through the opening and engage the magazine housing.
- Furthermore, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the top cover engages the magazine cover so as to block the operation of the firearm.
- Furthermore, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the magazine further comprises a power storage unit.
- Furthermore, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the power storage unit is connected to the bottom cover.
- Furthermore, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the locking mechanism comprises a cam.
- Furthermore, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the cam comprises a tooth that is configured to engage the top locking element.
- Furthermore, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the magazine further comprises a communication unit capable of receiving wireless data, and wherein the operation of the locking mechanism corresponds to the received data.
- Furthermore, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a method for locking a magazine to a firearm is provided, the firearm having a magazine housing, and the method comprising providing a top cover, having a shape compatible with the magazine housing; providing a bottom cover, covering a locking mechanism; providing a top locking element, at least partially accommodated inside the top cover; and inserting the top cover into the magazine housing, wherein the locking element is configured to allow locking the safety magazine to the magazine housing.
- There is thus provided, in accordance with a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, a discharge blocking device compatible with a firearm having a magazine housing and a trigger, the discharge blocking device comprising a cover, having a shape compatible with the magazine housing, a base, covering a locking mechanism, and a locking element, at least partially accommodated inside the cover, wherein the locking element is configured to allow blocking the trigger of the firearm.
- Furthermore, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the locking element is configured to allow locking the discharge blocking device to the magazine housing.
- Furthermore, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the cover is configured to couple with the magazine housing.
- Furthermore, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the discharge blocking device further comprises a positioning lever configured to allow indication upon accommodation of the discharge blocking device within the magazine housing.
- Furthermore, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the discharge blocking device further comprises a dedicated space for accommodation of bullets.
- Furthermore, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the discharge blocking device further comprises at least one user identification unit.
- Furthermore, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the user identification unit comprises biometric identification.
- Furthermore, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the discharge blocking device further comprises a mechanical identification override device.
- Furthermore, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the mechanical identification override device comprises a media device.
- Furthermore, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the discharge blocking device further comprises an indicator to indicate if the discharge blocking device is inserted into the magazine housing, said indicator is configured to disable the operation of the control element when said discharge blocking device is not inserted into said magazine housing.
- Furthermore, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the discharge blocking device further comprises a power storage unit.
- Furthermore, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the discharge blocking device further comprises an indicator of the status of the power storage unit.
- Furthermore, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the locking mechanism comprises a cam.
- Furthermore, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the cam comprises a tooth that is configured to engage the locking element.
- Furthermore, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the discharge blocking device further comprises a communication unit capable of sending and receiving wireless data, and wherein the operation of the locking mechanism corresponds to the wireless data.
- Furthermore, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the cover further comprises a window corresponding in size to the locking element so as to allow the locking element to pass through the window and engage the magazine housing.
- Furthermore, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the locking element is pivoted about a pivot.
- Furthermore, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a method for locking a magazine to a firearm and preventing accidental discharge is provided, the firearm having a magazine housing and a trigger, and the method comprising providing a cover of the magazine, having a shape compatible with the magazine housing, providing a base of the magazine, covering a locking mechanism, providing a locking element of the magazine, at least partially accommodated inside the cover, and inserting the cover of the magazine into the magazine housing, wherein the locking element is configured to allow locking the trigger.
- Furthermore, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the locking element is configured to allow locking the magazine to the magazine housing.
- Furthermore, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the method further comprises using a user identification segment to identify a user, and unlocking the trigger.
- The subject matter regarded as the invention is particularly pointed out and distinctly claimed in the concluding portion of the specification. The invention, however, both as to organization and method of operation, together with objects, features, and advantages thereof, may best be understood by reference to the following detailed description when read with the accompanying drawings in which:
-
FIG. 1A illustrates a frontal perspective view of a safety magazine, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 1B illustrates a back perspective view of the safety magazine, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 1C illustrates a back perspective view of a top cover of the safety magazine, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 1D illustrates a cross-sectional view of the safety magazine, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 2A illustrate a back perspective view of the safety magazine with the top cover removed, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 2B illustrate a frontal perspective view of the safety magazine with the top cover removed, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 3A illustrates a back perspective view of the safety magazine with the first internal cover removed, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 3B illustrates a frontal perspective view of the safety magazine with the second internal cover also removed, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 4A illustrates an exploded view of elements of the safety mechanism of the safety magazine, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 4B illustrates a perspective view of a cogwheel with a cam, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 5A illustrates a perspective view of the safety magazine inserted into a compatible firearm, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 5B illustrates a cross-sectional view of the safety magazine inserted into the firearm, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 6A illustrates a frontal perspective view of a discharge blocking device, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 6B illustrates a back perspective view of the discharge blocking device, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 6C illustrates a frontal perspective view of a cover of the discharge blocking device, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 6D illustrates a cross-sectional frontal view of the discharge blocking device, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 7A illustrate a frontal perspective view of the discharge blocking device with the cover removed, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 7B illustrate a back perspective view of the discharge blocking device with the cover removed, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 8A illustrates a frontal perspective view of the discharge blocking device with the first internal segment removed, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 8B illustrates a frontal perspective view of the discharge blocking device with the second internal segment removed, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 8C illustrates an exploded view of the safety mechanism within the discharge blocking device with the internal segments removed, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 9A illustrates a perspective view of a physical key and a media device, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 9B illustrates a bottom perspective view of the physical key and media device inserted into the base of the discharge blocking device, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 9C illustrates a cross-sectional view of discharge blocking device, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 10A illustrates a perspective view of the discharge blocking device inserted into a compatible firearm, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention; and -
FIG. 10B illustrates a cross-sectional view of the discharge blocking device inserted into the firearm, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. - It will be appreciated that, for simplicity and clarity of illustration, elements shown in the figures have not necessarily been drawn to scale. For example, the dimensions of some of the elements may be exaggerated relative to other elements for clarity. Further, where considered appropriate, reference numerals may be repeated among the figures to indicate corresponding or analogous elements.
- In the following detailed description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of embodiments of the invention. However, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that the embodiments of the invention may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known methods, procedures, and components have not been described in detail so as not to obscure the embodiments of the invention.
- Reference is now made to
FIGS. 1A-1B , which illustrate a safety magazine, generally designated 10 a, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.FIG. 1A illustrates a frontal perspective view of a safety magazine 10 a, andFIG. 1B illustrates a back perspective view ofsafety magazine 10. -
Safety magazine 10 comprises atop cover 11 having a structure compatible with commercially available magazines for firearms, for instance having a shape corresponding to and adapted to be inserted into a magazine housing of, for example, a Beretta® 6-bullet handgun.Safety magazine 10 further comprises abottom cover 12 that at least partially covers the safety mechanism, further described hereinafter. Optionally,top cover 11 has atop portion 15 that is configured to couple with the magazine housing in a compatible firearm. It is appreciated that a top locking element (or latch) 33 is designed to be capable of protruding from anopening 13 intop cover 11, whereby the operation oftop locking element 33 is configured to allow lockingsafety magazine 10 to the magazine housing when lockingelement 33 protrudes from the magazine 10 a, further described herein after. - Reference is now made to
FIGS. 1C-1D , which illustrate a back perspective view oftop cover 11 ofsafety magazine 10 and a cross-sectional view of safety magazine 10 (respectively), according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that the shape and dimensions oftop cover 11 correspond to the shape and dimensions of a regular magazine (respectively), such that with the bottom elements the difference from the commercially available magazines may be seen. - Reference is now made to
FIGS. 2A-2B , which illustrate back and frontal perspective views (respectively) of the safety magazine withtop cover 11 removed, generally designated 20 a, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. Withtop cover 11 removed,safety magazine 20 may further comprise a first and second correspondinginternal covers space 22 for accommodation of bullets in the magazine. Thus,safety magazine 20 may simultaneously provide standard operation of a magazine and also provide the safety mechanism, further described hereinafter. Whensafety magazine 20 is enabled (i.e. in an unlocked mode), the firearm may be immediately operated. - Reference is now made to
FIGS. 3A-3B , which illustrate the safety mechanism withtop cover 11 removed, generally designated 30 a, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.FIG. 3A illustrates a back perspective view of the safety magazine with firstinternal cover 21 a removed, andFIG. 3B illustrates a frontal perspective view of the safety magazine with secondinternal cover 21 b also removed. - The safety mechanism may include a power storage unit (e.g., a battery) 31, a top locking element (or latch) 33 capable of locking onto the magazine housing once coupled, and a
cam 32. The power storage (e.g., a battery) 31 is configured to provide power for the safety mechanism, so as to allow operation of the mechanical elements. Optionally,power storage 31 may be further connected to asafety control element 35 that is embedded intobottom cover 12, so as to provide power to controlelement 35. Thus, the user may usecontrol element 35 in order to control the safety magazine. For example, the user may switch between locked and unlocked modes (e.g., by pressing a button) of safety magazine 10 a, usingcontrol element 35. According to some embodiments,control element 35 may be configured to enable operation of the safety magazine only by authorized user(s). For example, control element may comprise identity (ID) recognition unit, e.g., finger print reader (not shown), and storage of ID data (not shown) for storing ID data of authorized users. - The
cam 32 is a rotatable piece (typically in a mechanical linkage) which is adapted to convert a rotary movement into a reciprocating movement. It may be a part of a rotating wheel (e.g., a simple tooth) or a shaft that strikes a lever (making contact with the cam) or a follower at one or more points on itscircular path Cam 32 is rotatable about an axis coinciding with the center of a wheel, further described hereinafter. - It is appreciated that
bottom portion 36 oftop locking element 33 is adjacent tocam 32 and acts as a lever oncecam 32 thebottom portion 36 during rotation. Therefore, when a locked mode is selected forsafety magazine cam 32 may rotate (with electrical power from power storage 31), and thus contactbottom portion 36 such thattop locking element 33 protrudes fromsafety magazine cover 11 and thereby engages the magazine housing of the firearm and locks thereon. - In order to unlock the locked magazine, the user may choose an unlocked mode (e.g., using control element 35) and thus move
cam 32 so as to retracttop locking element 33 into the magazine housing. It is appreciated that other elements may also be involved in the locking mechanism. For example, apositioning rod 37 may keeptop locking element 33 on track while moving between the two states: inner state in unlocked mode and an outer state whentop locking element 33 protrudes from the magazine and engages the magazine housing. - In some embodiments, the safety magazine further comprises a pivoted
lever 38 that may be configured to sense whether the safety magazine is inserted into the magazine housing, wherein pivotedlever 38 may provide indication whether the magazine has been inserted into the magazine housing. For example, pivotedlever 38 may press (or release) a micro switch as the sensing means during engagement with the magazine housing. Accordingly, pivotedlever 38 enables (or disables) the controlled features ofcontrol element 35 once the safety magazine is inserted into (or removed from) the magazine housing. - Reference is now made to
FIGS. 4A-4B , which illustrate thecam 32, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.FIG. 4A illustrates an exploded partial view of the mechanism of the safety magazine withcam 32 at the center, andFIG. 4B illustrates a perspective view ofcam 32. - The
cam 32 is mechanically engaged and positioned coaxially withcam wheel 41, and may further have acam tooth 42 that is configured to engage bottom portion 36 (for instance as shown inFIG. 3B ) of lockingelement 33. By rotation ofcam 32, thetooth 42 engages lockingelement 33, such that the rotational movement ofwheel 41 is converted into reciprocating movement, for example of lockingelement 33. - Reference is now made to
FIGS. 5A-5B , which illustrate thesafety magazine 10 inserted into a compatible firearm, generally designated 50 a, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.FIG. 5A illustrates a perspective view ofsafety magazine 10 inserted into a compatible firearm 50 a, andFIG. 5B illustrates a cross-sectional view of the same. - It should be noted that
safety magazine 10 may be operated both as a regular magazine, storing bullets atdedicated space 22, such thatfirearm 50 can be used in the regular fashion, as well as be operated as a safety magazine that prevents unwanted (or unauthorized) use of firearm 50 a, when in locked mode. - In some embodiments,
safety magazine 10 is provided in a locked state (e.g. initially locked by the user) such that, oncesafety magazine 10 is inserted into firearm 50 a, thesafety magazine 10 is locked to the magazine housing (inside firearm 50) until an authorized user with a dedicated key removes the lock. For example, the user may use a physical key (such as an electronic chip configured for the particular user) in order to unlock thesafety magazine 10. - In some embodiments,
safety magazine 10 is provided with a physical barrier at top portion 15 (for instance as shown inFIGS. 1A-1B ) that may block or otherwise prevent operation of the firearm even if a bullet is positioned near the barrel, thereby providing safety. - In some embodiments,
safety magazine 10 may be provided with a biometric identification unit embedded into the bottom cover such thatsafety magazine 10 may be setup to identify a predetermined list of authorized users, and thereby preventing unauthorized users from using the firearm. Optionally,safety magazine 10 is also provided with a mechanical override (e.g., a physical key) to override the biometric ID unit when faulty or when the power storage runs out. - In some embodiments, the locking mechanism may further comprise a communication unit capable of receiving wireless data (e.g., via Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, GPS, or cellular networks). The communication unit may therefore allow a user to set conditions for the safety magazine to become unlocked. For example, once the safety magazine detects data that it is inside an authorized area (for instance from GPS data), then the locking is removed and the firearm may be used.
- Alternatively, a dedicated signal may be wirelessly received by the safety magazine such that a user may select that in a particular time the locking is removed, no matter who operates the firearm. For example, a training officer at the police academy may wirelessly remove the locking from multiple firearms that are scheduled for practice.
- In some embodiments, locking
element 33 may also lock the trigger bar, an internal component of the firearm, so as to prevent discharge. Optionally, lockingelement 33 may disconnect the trigger from the firing pin and thereby rendering the firearm useless. - According to some embodiments, the safety mechanism may further allow locking the trigger of the firearm so as to prevent movement of the trigger to cause a discharge, as further described hereinafter. Referring now to
FIGS. 6A-10B , these figures show some embodiments of the safety mechanism capable of locking the trigger of the firearm. - Reference is now made to
FIGS. 6A-6B , which show a discharge blocking device, generally designated 100 a, according to some embodiments of the present invention.FIG. 6A illustrates a frontal perspective view (with respect to the shooting direction of the firearm) of a discharge blocking device 100 a, andFIG. 6B illustrates a back perspective view of thedischarge blocking device 100. - It is appreciated that discharge blocking device 100 (as a safety magazine) according to the invention is adapted to allow a user, operating a firearm, to block the discharge by having the safety mechanism (within the device) in a locked mode, such that the discharge may be enabled only according to the selection by the user with the safety mechanism. Therefore, in addition to the existing safety selector on the firearm, discharge blocking
device 100 may provide further means for controlling the firing mode of the firearm (i.e., locked or unlocked mode), further described hereinafter. - The
discharge blocking device 100 may comprise acover 110 having a structure that is compatible with some commercially available magazines for firearms, for instance having a shape and dimensions corresponding to and adapted to be inserted into a magazine housing of, for example, a Glock® handgun.Discharge blocking device 100 may further comprise a base 120 that at least partially covers a safety mechanism that is configured to block the discharge, further described hereinafter. Optionally,base 120 may have a shape that is larger in diameter than cover 110 a, such that easy gripping (of base 120) by a user operating the firearm may be allowed for insertion into and removal from the firearm. It is therefore appreciated that only with the base 120 a, the difference from commercially available magazines may be observed, when the safety magazine is inserted into a firearm. - In some embodiments, cover 110 may have a
top segment 170 that is configured to couple with the magazine housing in a compatible firearm (not shown inFIGS. 6A-6B ).Top segment 170 has an opening for insertion of cartridges therein (e.g., in a single column or staggered), such that the cartridge that is last inserted partially protrudes throughtop segment 170 in order to engage the firearm upon coupling with the magazine housing. Thus, operation similar to regular magazines for firearms may be enabled asdischarge blocking device 100 provides accommodation of cartridges, and also engagement of these cartridges with the corresponding firearm upon coupling, as further described hereinafter. - It is appreciated that a locking element (or latch) 140 a, accommodated within discharge blocking device 100 a, may be configured to be capable of protruding from a
first window 130 incover 110. Furthermore, the operation of lockingelement 140 may be configured to allow lockingdischarge blocking device 100 to the magazine housing (of the corresponding firearm) when lockingelement 140 protrudes fromdischarge blocking device 100 and additionally lock the trigger of the firearm so as to block the discharge, as further described hereinafter. It should be noted that whendischarge blocking device 100 is enabled (i.e., in an unlocked mode), the firearm may be immediately operated. - In some non-limiting embodiments, cover 110 may further comprise a
recess 180 that corresponds in shape to an external magazine catch 480 (shown inFIGS. 10A-10B ) in order to allow locking the position ofdischarge blocking device 100 within the magazine housing once the external magazine catch is inserted thereto. Thus, cover 110 may provide features similar to commercially available firearm magazines, as well as enhanced features for blocking discharge upon the selection of the user. - According to some embodiments, at least one locking switch may control the locking of
discharge blocking device 100. In some embodiments, discharge blockingdevice 100 may further comprise apositioning lever 160 that is initially in an “open” state and configured to allow detection ofdischarge blocking device 100 accommodated within the magazine housing. Positioninglever 160 may be configured to be capable of protruding from asecond window 150 in cover 110 a, such that upon insertion into the magazine housing of a firearm,positioning lever 160 may engage the inner wall of the magazine housing. Upon detection of accommodation within the magazine housing,positioning lever 160 may switch to a “closed” state. It is appreciated thatpositioning lever 160 may provide a first locking mechanism, that may be configured to disable the operation of the firearm unless in “closed” state. Optionally,positioning lever 160 may be coupled to a micro-switch that is capable of electrically detecting change between “open” and “closed” states, as further described hereinafter. - In some embodiments,
positioning lever 160 maybe operably coupled to locking element 140 a, wherein the coupling may be electrical or alternatively mechanical. Upon switching to a “closed” state (i.e., detection ofdischarge blocking device 100 within the magazine housing) by positioning lever 160 a, lockingelement 140 may be automatically operated to move to a “locked” mode and block the trigger of the firearm so as to block any discharge until the user switches to “unlocked” mode, as further described hereinafter. It should be noted that, initially,positioning lever 160 is in an “open” state and lockingelement 140 is in “unlocked” mode, such that upon engagement with the magazinehousing positioning lever 160 switches to “closed” state and thereby lockingelement 140 moves to a “locked” mode. Thus, discharge blockingdevice 100 may automatically switch to “locked” mode and prevent discharge upon engagement with the magazine housing. - According to some embodiments, discharge blocking
device 100 may further comprise auser identification segment 121.User identification segment 121 may be operably coupled to the locking mechanism withindischarge blocking device 100 and thereby coupled to lockingelement 140 so as to disable the blocking, i.e. switch to “unlocked” mode upon identification of the user.User identification segment 121 may comprise biometric user identification (e.g. fingerprint identification), password identification with a dedicated user interface, or any other identification means (for example buttons to be pressed by the user). Optionally,user identification segment 121 may further comprise storage of ID data (not shown) for storing ID data of authorized users. - In some embodiments, discharge blocking
device 100 may further comprise at least oneindicator 123 that is configured to indicate the locking mode of discharge blocking device 100 a, e.g., “locked”, “unlocked”, “error”, etc. Optionally, the user may controlindicator 123 in order to change the mode of discharge blocking device 100 a, for instance pressing a button indicated “SAFE” in order to switch the device to a “locked” mode, or pressing a button indicated “FIRE” in order to switch the device to an “unlocked” mode. It should be noted thatuser identification segment 121 andindicator 123 may be electrically coupled to the locking mechanism so as to allow control of the locking mode ofdischarge blocking device 100. - Reference is now made to
FIGS. 6C-6D , which show a frontal perspective view of acover 110 ofdischarge blocking device 100 and a cross-sectional frontal view of discharge blocking device 100 (respectively), wherein the cross-section is carried out parallel touser identification segment 121, according to some embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted thatdischarge blocking device 100 may comprise aspace 190 dedicated for accommodation of the cartridges (e.g., in a single column) as in a commercially available magazine. Thus, both locking mechanism andspace 190 for accommodation of the cartridges may be covered bycover 110. - In some embodiments, the structure of
cover 110 corresponds to a commercially available magazine capable of accommodating cartridges in a staggered column, such that a different number of cartridges may be accommodated withindischarge blocking device 100 while an additional discharge blocking safety mechanism is provided. - According to some embodiments, locking
element 140 may be pivoted about apivot rod 145 from an “unlocked” mode to a “locked” mode when lockingelement 140 protrudes fromcover 110. Optionally,pivot rod 145 may be embedded as a portion of an internal segment covering the locking mechanism, as further described hereinafter (for instance as shown inFIG. 8A ). - Reference is now made to
FIGS. 7A-7B , which illustrate frontal and back perspective views (respectively) of the discharge blocking device with the cover removed, generally designated 200 a, according to some embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that, withcover 110 removed, discharge blockingdevice 200 may further comprise a first and second correspondinginternal segments - It is appreciated that the base 120 may comprise additional elements for changing the locking mode of discharge blocking device 100 a, as further described hereinafter.
- Reference is now made to
FIGS. 8A-8B , which show the safety mechanism within the internal segments with the cover removed, according to some embodiments of the present invention.FIG. 8A illustrates a frontal perspective view of the discharge blocking device with firstinternal segment 210a removed, andFIG. 8B illustrates a frontal perspective view of the discharge blocking device with secondinternal segment 210 b removed. It is appreciated that the locking (or safety) mechanism housed inside first and secondinternal segments element 140 that is capable of blocking the trigger of the compatible firearm once coupled. - In case that the discharge blocking device, such as device 100 a, is in a locked mode (for instance as shown in
FIGS. 8A-8B ), the user may use for exampleuser identification segment 121 to unlock the device (or other identification options). Thus, lockingelement 140 moves from a “locked” mode (i.e., protruding to block the trigger of a firearm) to an “unlocked” mode. During this movement, lockingelement 140 retracts inwardly intocover 110 until lockingelement 140 engages aback surface 240 such that lockingelement 140 no longer protrudes from the discharge blocking device, i.e., no longer protrudes from first window 130 (for instance as shown inFIG. 6A ). In the opposite case, the user may controluser identification segment 121 to lock the device, or by inserting the device into magazine housing thereby activatingpositioning lever 160. Specifically, moving lockingelement 140 to protrude from the discharge blocking device so as to engage the magazine housing of the firearm and block any discharge. - It is appreciated that, similar to the safety magazine described in
FIGS. 1A-4A , the locking mechanism of discharge blocking device may also comprise acam 232 with similar function wherein rotational movement is converted into reciprocating movement. Particularly, movement ofcam 232 may engagepanel 242 of lockingelement 140 so as to move lockingelement 140 from a “locked” mode to “unlocked” mode (or vice versa). - In some embodiments, the control of the movement of locking
element 140 by the user may be carried out mechanically (e.g., with a dedicated key) or alternatively carried out electrically (e.g., with a dedicated switch), as further described hereinafter. - In some non-limiting embodiments, the safety mechanism may further comprise a power storage unit 280 a, e.g. a battery, (for instance, as shown in
FIG. 8C ) that is configured to provide power for the safety mechanism, so as to allow operation of the mechanical elements. Optionally, a battery status indicator may also be provided with theindicators 123, for instance as shown inFIG. 6B . - It is appreciated that, in order for locking mode indication on
user identification segment 121, at least one switch may provide such indication, for instance with an electrical signal. Afirst switch 261 may be operably coupled topositioning lever 160 and provide an indication touser identification segment 121 regarding the state of discharge blocking device being inside a magazine housing (i.e., in “open” or “closed states). Specifically, movement ofpositioning lever 160 may engagefirst switch 261 when accommodated within a magazine housing since positioninglever 160 is pushed into the device due to engagement with the walls of the magazine housing. - A
second switch 262 may be operably coupled topanel 242 and provide an indication touser identification segment 121 regarding the state of discharge blocking device being in “locked” or “unlocked” modes. Specifically, movement ofpanel 242 may engagesecond switch 262 when in “locked” mode (as shown inFIGS. 8A-8B ) due to lockingelement 140 protruding and blocking the trigger of the firearm, thereby causingpanel 242 to move backward towardsuser identification segment 121 and to engagesecond switch 262. - A
third switch 263 may be operably coupled to body of lockingelement 140 and provide an indication touser identification segment 121 regarding the state of discharge blocking device being in “locked” or “unlocked” modes. Specifically, movement of lockingelement 140 may engagethird switch 263 when in “unlocked” mode due to lockingelement 140 engaging back surface 240 a, thereby causing lockingelement 140 to move backward towardsuser identification segment 121 and to engagethird switch 263. It should be noted that, in a “locked” mode,second switch 262 may provide indication due to engagement withpanel 242, and, in the opposite case, in an “unlocked” mode,third switch 263 may provide indication due to engagement with back surface 240 a, whereby there is no indication between “locked” and “unlocked” modes since the second andthird switches - It is appreciated that, upon insertion into a magazine housing, discharge blocking device may become automatically in a “closed” state with
positioning lever 160 engagingfirst switch 261 and thereby moving the device into a “locked” mode, with lockingelement 140 protruding and blocking the trigger of the firearm. In some embodiments, an electrical signal fromfirst switch 261 may initiate movement ofcam 232 to engagepanel 242 and thereby move lockingelement 140 to protrude from the device. Alternatively, movement ofpositioning lever 160 mechanically movescam 232 to engagepanel 242. - It should be noted that
user identification segment 121 may provide indication of “locked” or “unlocked” mode due to corresponding signals from second andthird switches user identification segment 121 may also provide indication of proper accommodation within the magazine housing with a corresponding signal fromfirst switch 261. - It is appreciated that the indication provided with second and third switches may improve reliability of the safety mechanism, as well as preventing stopping of locking element movement mid-way, between “locked” and “unlocked” modes.
- Reference is now made to
FIG. 8C , which illustrates an exploded view of the safety mechanism within the discharge blocking device with the internal segments removed, according to some embodiments of the present invention. In some embodiments, a central controller (not shown) may control the operation of discharge blocking device. Specifically, such a controller may controluser identification segment 121 switching between “locked” and “unlocked” modes. - Reference is now made to
FIGS. 9A-9C , which show additional means for user identification with the discharge blocking device, according to some embodiments of the present invention.FIG. 9A illustrates a perspective view of aphysical key 310 and amedia device 320.FIG. 9B illustrates a bottom perspective view of thephysical key 310 andmedia device 320 inserted into thebase 120 of the discharge blocking device.FIG. 9C illustrates a cross-sectional view of discharge blocking device 100 a, wherein the cross-section is parallel to lockingelement 140. It should be noted that other identification methods may also be possible, for instance radio- frequency identification (RFID), near-field-communication (NFC), etc. - According to some embodiments, in addition to the
user identification segment 121, discharge blocking device may further be configured to allow coupling with other identification devices, for instance in case thatuser identification segment 121 has a malfunction or when the power storage runs out. A uniquephysical key 310 may be provided to the user to be inserted into adedicated slot 312 withinbase 120 so as to allow manually moving to an “unlocked” device. In some embodiments, insertion ofkey 310 intoslot 312 may allow engaging key 310 withcam 232, such that manual rotation ofkey 310 therein (by the user) may consequently rotatecam 232 and thereby move locking element to an “unlocked” mode. - In some embodiments, a media device 320 (e.g., USB flash drive, or PC) may be provided to the user, comprising unique information, that may unlock the discharge blocking device upon insertion of
media device 320 therein. Optionally,such media device 320 may allow connection to a computerized device (e.g., PC or smartphone) in order to allow management of authorized users as well as performing maintenance. - Reference is now made to
FIGS. 10A-10B , which illustrate thedischarge blocking device 100 inserted into a compatible firearm, generally designated 400 a, according to some embodiments of the present invention.FIG. 10A illustrates a perspective view ofdischarge blocking device 100 inserted into a compatible firearm 400 a, andFIG. 10B illustrates a cross-sectional view of the same. - It should be noted that
discharge blocking device 100 may be operated both as a regular magazine, storing cartridges at dedicated space 190 a, such thatfirearm 400 can be used in the regular fashion, as well as be operated as a discharge blocking device that prevents unwanted (or unauthorized) use of firearm 400 a, when in locked mode. - It is appreciated that, in a locked mode (as shown in
FIG. 10B ), lockingelement 140 protrudes from thedischarge blocking device 100 to approach close to trigger 440 offirearm 400. Thus, the user cannot squeezetrigger 440 to discharge firearm 400 (in a locked mode) since lockingelement 140 prevents any backward movement oftrigger 440. In order to allow discharge, the user may change the state ofdischarge blocking device 100 from “locked” to “unlocked”, for example by using the user identification segment such that lockingelement 140 moves backwards and no longer protrudes through the discharge blocking device 100 a, and then trigger 440 may be operated to dischargefirearm 400. - In some embodiments, in addition to blocking the trigger of the firearm, locking
element 140 may also prevent removal of thedischarge blocking device 100 from the magazine housing. - It should be noted that, in contrast to the safety magazine that is capable of locking onto the magazine housing as described in
FIGS. 1A-4A , discharge blockingdevice 100 has a locking element that is directed to the opposite direction, i.e., towards the barrel of the firearm, in order to allow blocking the trigger of the firearm with the locking element. - In some embodiments, discharge blocking
device 100 is provided with a physical barrier at top segment that may block or otherwise prevent operation of the firearm even if a cartridge is positioned near the barrel, thereby providing extra safety. - In some embodiments, the locking mechanism may further comprise a communication unit capable of sending and receiving wireless data (e.g., via Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, GPS, or cellular networks). The communication unit may therefore allow a user to set conditions for the discharge blocking device to become unlocked. For example, once the discharge blocking device detects data that it is inside an authorized area (for instance from GPS data), then the locking is removed and the firearm may be used.
- Alternatively, a dedicated signal may be wirelessly received by the discharge blocking device such that a user may select that in a particular time the locking is removed, no matter who operates the firearm. For example, a training officer at the police academy may wirelessly remove the locking from multiple firearms that are scheduled for practice.
- While certain features of the invention have been illustrated and described herein, many modifications, substitutions, changes, and equivalents may occur to those skilled in the art. It is, therefore, to be understood that the appended claims are intended to cover all such modifications and changes as fall within the true spirit of the invention.
- Various embodiments have been presented. Each of these embodiments may of course include features from other embodiments presented, and embodiments not specifically described may include various features described herein.
Claims (1)
1. A magazine for a firearm having a frame defining a magazine well and having a trigger having a range of motion between a forward released position and a rearward discharge position, the magazine comprising:
a body adapted to be closely and removably received in the magazine well; and
a locking element connected to the body;
the locking element being movable between a retracted position and an extended position;
wherein the locking element has a protrusion adapted to enable movement of the trigger to the rearward discharge position and to enable extraction of the magazine from the magazine well when in the retracted position; and
wherein the protrusion faces the trigger and prevents movement of the trigger to the rearward discharge position and to prevent extraction of the magazine from the magazine well when in the extended position.
Priority Applications (1)
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---|---|---|---|
US16/002,336 US20180321006A1 (en) | 2015-11-19 | 2018-06-07 | Device and method for blocking discharge in firearms |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US14/945,536 US20170146309A1 (en) | 2015-11-19 | 2015-11-19 | Safety magazine for firearms |
US15/059,350 US10018438B2 (en) | 2015-11-19 | 2016-03-03 | Device and method for blocking discharge in firearms |
US16/002,336 US20180321006A1 (en) | 2015-11-19 | 2018-06-07 | Device and method for blocking discharge in firearms |
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US15/059,350 Continuation US10018438B2 (en) | 2015-11-19 | 2016-03-03 | Device and method for blocking discharge in firearms |
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US20180321006A1 true US20180321006A1 (en) | 2018-11-08 |
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US16/002,336 Abandoned US20180321006A1 (en) | 2015-11-19 | 2018-06-07 | Device and method for blocking discharge in firearms |
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US20190025000A1 (en) * | 2016-01-13 | 2019-01-24 | Brian Edward Bascom | Auto-Loading Firearm with Selectable Live Fire and Training Modes |
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US9857133B1 (en) * | 2016-08-11 | 2018-01-02 | Biofire Technologies Inc. | System and method for authenticating an identity for a biometrically-enabled gun |
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US10845142B2 (en) * | 2018-07-02 | 2020-11-24 | Victor Flood | Methods, systems, apparatuses and devices for facilitating counting and displaying of an ammunition count of a magazine of a firearm |
US11460271B2 (en) | 2019-05-29 | 2022-10-04 | Stanley Hahn Seigler | Dry fire practice training device |
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USD987010S1 (en) | 2021-04-22 | 2023-05-23 | HS Produkt, D. O. O. | Pistol magazine |
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US10436540B2 (en) * | 2016-01-13 | 2019-10-08 | Brian Edward Bascom | Auto-loading firearm with selectable live fire and training modes |
US11320229B2 (en) * | 2016-01-13 | 2022-05-03 | Mustang Industrial Design, Inc. | Auto-loading firearm with selectable live fire and training modes |
US20220325977A1 (en) * | 2016-01-13 | 2022-10-13 | Mustang Industrial Design, Inc. | Auto-Loading Firearm with Selectable Live Fire and Training Modes |
US11796275B2 (en) * | 2016-01-13 | 2023-10-24 | Mustang Industrial Design, Inc. | Auto-loading firearm with selectable live fire and training modes |
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US20170146310A1 (en) | 2017-05-25 |
US10018438B2 (en) | 2018-07-10 |
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