US20180273845A1

US20180273845A1 - Apparatus for rapid pyrolytic reaction

Info

Publication number: US20180273845A1
Application number: US15/763,277
Authority: US
Inventors: Daohong WU; Shuimiao CHEN; Lei Xiao
Original assignee: Shenwu Technology Group Corp Co Ltd
Current assignee: Shenwu Technology Group Corp Co Ltd
Priority date: 2015-09-25
Filing date: 2015-09-25
Publication date: 2018-09-27
Also published as: AU2015409757A1; WO2017049636A1; AU2015409757B2

Abstract

The present invention provides an apparatus for rapid pyrolysis reaction, which comprises: a reactor, which comprises a reactor body defining a reaction space that forms a dispersion region, a pyrolysis region, and a discharge region from top to bottom; multilayer-regenerative radiant tubes, which are distributed at an interval in the height direction of the reactor body in the pyrolysis region, and each layer of regenerative radiant tubes consists of a plurality of regenerative radiant tubes distributed at an interval in the horizontal direction, a material distributor; a material inlet arranged in the dispersion region above the material distributor; a material distribution gas inlet, which is arranged in the dispersion region and communicates with the material distributor so as to utilize a material distribution gas to blow out the material in the material distributor into the dispersion region, so that the material falls into the pyrolysis region uniformly; a plurality of pyrolysis gas outlets, which are arranged in the dispersion region and/or the pyrolysis region respectively; and a semi-coke outlet arranged in the discharge region.

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to the chemical engineering field, in particular to an apparatus for fast pyrolysis reaction.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Fast pyrolysis can cause carbon-containing high polymers to have bonding break reactions rapidly, inhibit secondary pyrolysis reactions and cross-linking reactions of pyrolysis products, reduce fuel gas and semi-coke products in the pyrolysis process, and improve tar yield ratio. Viewed from the aspect of economic and social benefits, fast pyrolysis techniques are processing techniques very suitable for carbon-containing materials.
Fast pyrolysis reactors are usually developed into fluidized bed reactors, moving bed reactors, and rotating bed reactors, etc., and utilize a gas or solid heat carrier to meet the requirements for temperature field and heating rate. However, fast pyrolysis reactors that employ a heat carrier involve a series of procedures, including uniform distribution, mixing and reaction of heat carrier and raw material, and follow-up separation between heat carrier and reactive semi-coke, reheating and conveying of heat carrier, etc. The process is complex and long, resulting in an increased failure rate and impacts on continuous operation of the system. Though there are ablative bed reactors that employ an indirect heat transfer scheme and utilize indirect heating of the bed to realize fast pyrolysis, the heat transfer effect of indirect heat transfer is poor, and it is difficult to develop large-size installations.
Therefore, the existing fast pyrolysis techniques should be further improved.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The object of the present invention is to solve one of the technical problems in relevant techniques at least to some extent. To that end, one object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus for fast pyrolysis reaction, in which regenerative radiant tubes are used as heating sources, the loading of raw material, layout of radiant tubes, and discharging of pyrolysis products are designed reasonably, and radiant tubes are utilized for indirect heat transfer. Since there is no heat carrier in the pyrolysis reaction apparatus, heat carrier heating, separation and reaction procedures are unnecessary, and the system has a simple process flow and high operating reliability; in addition, the material loaded into the reactor is uniformly distributed, the radiant tubes are arranged in a staggered manner in multiple layers, and a plurality of pyrolysis gas outlets are provided in the layers, so that the material is loaded into the heating region uniformly, heat transfer happens rapidly in the heating region, the pyrolysis gas is collected quickly, and thereby the problems of indirect heating (e.g., poor heat transfer effect and small size of apparatus) are solved, and fast pyrolysis of carbon-based organic materials is realized.
In an aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides an apparatus for fast pyrolysis reaction, which comprises:
a reactor,
said reactor comprises:
a reactor body defining a reaction space that forms a dispersion region, a pyrolysis region, and a discharge region from top to bottom;
said dispersion region comprises:
a material distributor;
a material inlet arranged above the material distributor;
a material distribution gas inlet, which communicates with the material distributor so as to utilize a material distribution gas to blow out the material in the material distributor into the dispersion region, so that the material falls into the pyrolysis region uniformly;
said pyrolysis region comprises:
multilayer regenerative radiant tubes, which are distributed at an interval in the height direction of the reactor body in the pyrolysis region, and each layer of regenerative radiant tubes consists of a plurality of regenerative radiant tubes distributed at an interval in the horizontal direction;
said discharge region comprises: a semi-coke outlet;
a plurality of pyrolysis gas outlets, which are arranged in the dispersion region and/or the pyrolysis region respectively.
In the apparatus for fast pyrolysis reaction provided in the present invention, the regenerative radiant tubes are arranged in multiple layers. Adjacent regenerative radiant tubes are spaced from each other at an interval in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction.
Temperature Field
According to an embodiment of the present invention, multilayer regenerative radiant tubes are used to provide heat sources, so that one or more temperature fields are formed in the pyrolysis region, and the temperature in each temperature field is uniform; thus, a temperature gradient is formed in the pyrolysis region.
For example, in an embodiment of the present invention, the pyrolysis region forms a preheating section, a fast pyrolysis section, and a complete pyrolysis section from top to bottom (i.e., three temperature fields are formed).
The number of the temperature fields and the temperature gradient in the temperature fields can be set as required. For example, the temperature of the regenerative radiant tubes may be 550-900° C. in the preheating section, 500-800° C. in the fast pyrolysis section, and 500-800° C. in the complete pyrolysis section.
The temperature in the temperature field may be adjusted in many ways. For example, the number of regenerative radiant tubes in the horizontal direction and/or vertical direction may be adjusted; the number of layers of regenerative radiant tubes may be adjusted; the spacing between regenerative radiant tubes (in vertical direction and/or horizontal direction) may be adjusted; the temperatures of the regenerative radiant tubes may be adjusted, etc.
In an embodiment of the present invention, a fuel gas regulating valve is provided on a regenerative radiant tube to adjust the flow rate of the fuel gas charged into the regenerative radiant tube and thereby accurately control the temperature of the regenerative radiant tube.
Regenerative Radiant Tubes
A regenerative radiant tube has a burner at each end of the tube respectively. A temperature gradient is formed when the flame created by combustion of the burner at one end is jetted out, i.e., the temperature decreases gradually from the burner to the exterior. Similarly, a temperature gradient is also formed when the flame created by combustion of the burner at the other end is jetted out. When the burners at the two ends of the tube combust alternately, the two temperature gradients are overlapped with each other so as to achieve temperature complementation. As a result, the overall temperature in the entire regenerative radiant tube is uniform. For example, the temperature difference in a single regenerative radiant tube is not higher than 30° C.
The apparatus for fast pyrolysis reaction provided in the present invention employs the regenerative radiant tube arrangement described in the present invention. Owing to inherent attributes of regenerative radiant tube (as described above, the burners at the two ends of a regenerative radiant tube can combust rapidly and alternatively and realize regenerative combustion), one or more different temperature fields are permitted in the reactor as required, to create temperature gradients and ensure uniform temperature in each temperature field.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the temperatures in the regenerative radiant tubes may be the same or different, as long as the temperature in each temperature field is uniform.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the spacing between adjacent regenerative radiant tubes may be the same or different, as long as the temperature in each temperature field is uniform. For example, the horizontal spacing and vertical spacing between the outer walls of adjacent regenerative radiant tubes may be 100-500 mm respectively and independently, such as 200-300 mm, e.g., 200 mm or 300 mm.
In an embodiment where the pyrolysis region forms a preheating section, a fast pyrolysis section and a complete pyrolysis section from top to bottom, the temperatures in the regenerative radiant tubes in the preheating section may be the same or different, preferably be the same, as long as the temperature in the preheating section is uniform.
In an embodiment where the pyrolysis region forms a preheating section, a fast pyrolysis section and a complete pyrolysis section from top to bottom, the temperatures in the regenerative radiant tubes in the fast pyrolysis section may be the same or different, preferably be the same, as long as the temperature in the fast pyrolysis section is uniform.
In an embodiment where the pyrolysis region forms a preheating section, a fast pyrolysis section and a complete pyrolysis section from top to bottom, the temperatures in the regenerative radiant tubes in the complete pyrolysis section may be the same or different, preferably be the same, as long as the temperature in the complete pyrolysis section is uniform.
Though not limited to the theory, it is believed that the material may be subject to pyrolysis cracking locally in the pyrolysis process if the material is not heated uniformly in the pyrolysis region and the local temperature is too high at some places in the pyrolysis region, and consequently a part of high-polymer substances that can produce tar in the pyrolysis product are directly turned into fuel gas and semi-coke; or the material is not pyrolyzed completely in the pyrolysis process if the local temperature is too low at some places in the pyrolysis region, and consequently the volatile constituents in the material can't be released and the tar yield ratio is decreased.
In the present invention, in a case that the regenerative radiant tubes are arranged to form one or more temperature fields, the material falling into the temperature fields will be heated uniformly and their reaction degrees will be generally the same, because the respective temperatures in the temperature fields are generally uniform. Thus, the decrease of tar yield ratio can be avoided.
Quick Export of Pyrolysis Gas
With the apparatus for fast pyrolysis reaction provided in the present invention, the pyrolysis gas can be exported quickly after the material is pyrolyzed. Specifically, in an embodiment of the present invention, the reactor of the apparatus for fast pyrolysis reaction has one or more pyrolysis gas outlets on the side wall of the pyrolysis region and/or the top wall of the dispersion region. Pyrolysis gas is generated in the pyrolysis reaction process, and the pressure inside the reactor is increased. The pyrolysis gas is actuated by the increased pressure to export from the pyrolysis gas outlets quickly.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a gas extraction device that communicates with the pyrolysis gas outlets is provided outside of the reactor to facilitate the quick export of the pyrolysis gas from the reactor.
The pyrolysis gas produced in the pyrolysis process is exported from a side of the reactor, the pyrolysis gas contacts with the falling material at the pyrolysis gas outlets at inner side of the reactor, so that the fine dust in the pyrolysis gas at the inner side of the reactor is carried by the material to fall under the gravity action of the material, the dust content in the exported pyrolysis gas is decreased, and thereby the dust content in the tar obtained after cooling is low.
At least 2 pyrolysis gas outlets are provided; for example, 2-100, 3-80, 5-70, 10-50, 20-40 or 30-40 pyrolysis gas outlets may be provided. More specifically, 8, 15, 22 or 28 pyrolysis gas outlets are provided. However, the present invention is not limited to that.
Material Distribution
The present invention employs a material distributor to uniformly distribute the material in the pyrolysis region and thereby remarkably improve the stability of operation of the apparatus.
Effects
With the arrangement of the regenerative radiant tubes in the present invention, the material can be heated up quickly in the reactor in the pyrolysis process. In addition, the pyrolysis gas produced in the process can be exported out of the reactor quickly and cooled quickly. Thus, secondary reactions that may happen in the pyrolysis process, export process, and cooling process are reduced (such reactions may cause a decreased tar yield ratio), and the tar yield ratio is significantly increased.
Compared with traditional pyrolysis reaction apparatuses that use a gas heat carrier or solid heat carrier as a heat source for pyrolysis, the apparatus for fast pyrolysis in the present invention doesn't require a preheating unit and a carrier separation unit, and thereby greatly simplifies the process flow of fast pyrolysis reaction and significantly decreases the failure rate of the apparatus.
The present invention employs a specific regenerative radiant tube arrangement to form one or more temperature fields in the reactor and ensure uniform temperature distribution in each temperature field; in addition, the temperatures in the temperature fields in the reactor are controllable. Thus, the material can be heated up uniformly in the reactor, fast drying and more complete pyrolysis are realized, and thereby the tar yield ratio is improved, and the efficiency of fast pyrolysis of the material is improved.
The apparatus for fast pyrolysis reaction according to the embodiments of the present invention employs multilayer regenerative radiant tubes to provide heat sources for the pyrolysis process, the temperature in the pyrolysis process can be controlled accurately by adjusting the flow rate of the fuel gas charged into the regenerative radiant tubes, and the uniformity of temperature field is ensured by quick changeover and regenerative combustion at the two ends of the regenerative radiant tubes; thus, the efficiency of fast pyrolysis of the material can be significantly improved and thereby the tar yield ratio can be improved. Besides, compared with traditional pyrolysis reaction apparatuses that use a gas heat carrier or solid heat carrier as a heat source for pyrolysis, the apparatus for fast pyrolysis reaction according to the present invention doesn't require a preheating unit and a carrier separation unit, and thereby greatly simplifies the process flow of fast pyrolysis reaction and significantly decreases the failure rate of the apparatus and lower the dust content in the obtained tar. In addition, the apparatus in the present invention employs a material distributor to uniformly distribute the material in the pyrolysis region and prevent abrasion of the radiant tubes resulted from the material, and thereby the operation stability of the apparatus is significantly improved.
In addition, the apparatus for fast pyrolysis reaction according to the above embodiments of the present invention may have the following additional technical features:
In some embodiments of the present invention, the material distributor is arranged inside the dispersion region, and the inner wall surface of the dispersion region is in a spherical or conical shape. Thus, the material can be dispersed uniformly in the pyrolysis region.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the discharge part is in an inverted cone shape. Thus, the reacting materials can be discharged out of the discharge region timely.
In some embodiments of the present invention, each layer of regenerative radiant tubes consists of a plurality of regenerative radiant tubes that are parallel to each other and evenly distributed, and each regenerative radiant tube is parallel to each regenerative radiant tube in adjacent upper and lower layers of regenerative radiant tubes and is staggered from each regenerative radiant tube in adjacent upper and lower layers of regenerative radiant tubes in the height direction of the reactor body. Thus, the efficiency of fast pyrolysis of the material can be further improved.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the apparatus for fast pyrolysis reaction further comprises: a screw discharger arranged in an upwardly inclined manner below the reactor body and connected to the semi-coke outlet.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the height of the reactor body is 2-20 m.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the regenerative radiant tubes are regenerative fuel gas radiant tubes; namely, the heat generated from combustion of a fuel gas is supplied through the radiant tube bodies by heat radiation.
In some embodiments of the present invention, a fuel gas regulating valve is provided on the regenerative radiant tubes. Thus, the temperature in the pyrolysis process can be controlled accurately by adjusting the flow rate of the fuel gas charged into the regenerative radiant tubes, and thereby the efficiency of fast pyrolysis of the material can be improved significantly.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the regenerative radiant tubes are in diameter of 100-500 mm. Thus, the efficiency of fast pyrolysis of the material can be further improved.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the horizontal spacing and vertical spacing between the outer walls of adjacent regenerative radiant tubes are 100-500 mm respectively and independently. Thus, the efficiency of fast pyrolysis of the material can be further improved.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the plurality of pyrolysis gas outlets are arranged on the top end of the dispersion region and/or the side wall of the pyrolysis region respectively. Thus, by using top-end export of gas in the dispersion region and side-wall discharge of gas in the pyrolysis region in combination, the semi-coke in the pyrolysis gas can settle down and be separated, and thereby the dust content in the pyrolysis gas can be decreased significantly. Viewed from the aspect of process design, preferably the gas is discharged via the side wall of the pyrolysis region.
Additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will be shown and become apparent in the following description partially, or can be understood in the practice of the present invention.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

The above-mentioned and/or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent and more easily to understand in the description of embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings. Among the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the apparatus for fast pyrolysis reaction according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the apparatus for fast pyrolysis reaction according to another embodiment of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

Hereunder some embodiments of the present invention will be detailed. The embodiments are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein, identical or similar marks indicate identical or similar elements or elements with identical or similar functions. It should be noted that the embodiments described with reference to the accompanying drawings are only exemplary and are provided only to explain the present invention rather than constitute any limitation to the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the orientation or position relations indicated by terms “center”, “longitudinal”, “transverse”, “length”, “width”, “thickness”, “above”, “below”, “left”, “right”, “vertical”, “horizontal”, “top”, “bottom”, “inside”, “outside”, “clockwise”, “counter-clockwise”, “axial”, “radial”, or “circumferential”, etc., are based on the orientation or position relations indicated in the accompanying drawings. They are used only to ease and simplify the description of the present invention, rather than indicate or imply that the involved device or component must have a specific orientation or must be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, the use of these terms shall not be deemed as constituting any limitation to the present invention.
In the present invention, unless otherwise specified and defined explicitly, the terms “install”, “connect”, “fix”, etc. shall be interpreted in their general meaning. For example, the connection can be fixed connection, detachable connection, or integral connection; can be mechanical connection or electrical connection; can be direct connection or indirect connection via an intermediate medium, or internal communication or interactive relation between two elements. Those having ordinary skills in the prior art may interpret the specific meanings of the terms in the present invention in their context.
In the present invention, unless otherwise specified and defined explicitly, a first feature “above” or “below” a second feature may represent that the first feature and the second feature directly contact with each other or the first feature and the second feature contact with each other indirectly via an intermediate medium. In addition, a first feature “above” or “over” a second feature may represent that the first feature is right above or diagonally above the second feature, or may only represent that the elevation of the first feature is higher than that of the second feature. A first feature being “below” or “under” a second feature may represent that the first feature is right below or diagonally below the second feature, or may only represent that the elevation of the first feature is lower than that of the second feature.
In an aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides an apparatus for fast pyrolysis reaction. Hereunder the apparatus for fast pyrolysis reaction in embodiments of the present invention will be detailed with reference to FIG. 1. According to the embodiments of the present invention, the apparatus for fast pyrolysis reaction comprises:
a reactor 100: according to the embodiments of the present invention, the reactor 100 comprises a reactor body 10, which defines a reaction space 11 in it; according to a specific embodiment of the present invention, the reaction space 11 forms a dispersion region 12, a pyrolysis region 13, and a discharge region 14 from top to bottom.
According to the embodiments of the present invention, multiple layers of regenerative radiant tubes 15 and a material distributor 16 are arranged in the reaction space 11.
According to the embodiments of the present invention, the reactor body 10 is arranged with a material inlet 101, a material distribution gas inlet 102, a plurality of pyrolysis gas outlets 103, and a semi-coke outlet 104.
According to the embodiments of the present invention, the material inlet 101 is arranged in the dispersion region 12 above the material distributor 16, and is adapted to supply the material to the reaction space 11, so that the material is uniformly distributed via the material distributor in the pyrolysis region. Specifically, the material inlet 101 may be arranged on a side wall of the dispersion region 12.
According to the embodiments of the present invention, the material distribution gas inlet 102 is arranged in the dispersion region 12 and communicates with the material distributor 16, and is adapted to supply a material distribution gas (nitrogen, etc.) into the material distributor 16, so that the material in the material distributor 16 is blown out into the dispersion region 12 and thereby is uniformly distributed in the pyrolysis region; thus the efficiency of fast pyrolysis of the material is further improved. Specifically, the material distribution gas inlet 101 may be arranged on a side wall of the dispersion region 12.
According to the embodiments of the present invention, the multiple layers of regenerative radiant tubes 15 are distributed at an interval in the height direction of the reactor body 10 in the pyrolysis region 13, and each layer of regenerative radiant tubes consists of a plurality of regenerative radiant tubes distributed at an interval in the horizontal direction. According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, each layer of regenerative radiant tubes consists of regenerative radiant tubes that are parallel to each other and evenly distributed, and each regenerative radiant tube is parallel to each of the regenerative radiant tubes in adjacent upper and lower layers of regenerative radiant tubes and is stagger from each regenerative radiant tube in adjacent upper and lower layers of regenerative radiant tubes in the height direction of the reactor body. According to a specific example of the present invention, the regenerative radiant tubes may be in diameter of 100-500 mm. Thus, the efficiency of fast pyrolysis of the material can be improved remarkably, and thereby the yield ratio of tar can be improved.
According to the embodiments of the present invention, the horizontal spacing and vertical spacing between the outer walls of adjacent regenerative radiant tubes are 100-500 mm respectively and independently. It should be noted that the horizontal spacing between the outer walls of adjacent regenerative radiant tubes may be comprehended as the spacing between the outer walls of regenerative radiant tubes in the same layer, and the vertical spacing between adjacent regenerative radiant tubes may be comprehended as the spacing between the outer walls of adjacent regenerative radiant tubes in adjacent upper and lower layers.
According to the embodiments of the present invention, multilayer regenerative radiant tubes may be 6-30 layers. The inventor has found that such an arrangement is helpful for creating a uniformly temperature field in the pyrolysis region and thereby remarkably improves the efficiency of fast pyrolysis of the material; thus, the yield ratio of tar can be improved.
According to the embodiments of the present invention, the regenerative radiant tubes are regenerative fuel gas radiant tubes; namely, the heat generated from combustion of a fuel gas is supplied through the radiant tube bodies by heat radiation. According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, a fuel gas regulating valve (not shown) may be provided on the regenerative radiant tubes. Thus, the temperature in the pyrolysis process can be controlled accurately by adjusting the fuel gas regulating valve to adjust the flow rate of the fuel gas charged into the regenerative radiant tubes, and thereby the efficiency of fast pyrolysis of the material can be improved significantly, and the tar yield ratio can be improved.
Specifically, the temperature in the pyrolysis process can be controlled accurately by adjusting the flow rate of the fuel gas charged into the regenerative radiant tubes, and a quick changeover value is utilized to control the temperature difference in the temperature field of a single radiant tube to be no more than 30° C. and thereby ensure temperature uniformity in the temperature field in the reaction space; in addition, through adjustment, the temperature in the regenerative radiant tubes in the pyrolysis region is controlled with a range of 500-900° C.
According to the embodiments of the present invention, the material distributor 16 may be arranged inside the dispersion region 12 and is adapted to blow the material in the material distributor 16 into the dispersion region with an inert gas (e.g., nitrogen), so that the material falls into the pyrolysis region uniformly and thereby is dispersed uniformly in the pyrolysis region. Thus, compared with the traditional fast pyrolysis process, by utilizing the material distributor, the present invention omits a rotating (stirring) unit, and thereby significantly decreases the failure rate of the apparatus. It should be noted that the “material distributor” described here may be any device that blow out the material with a gas in the prior art. Specifically, the material distributor 16 may be arranged on the side wall of the dispersion region 12.
According to the embodiments of the present invention, a plurality of pyrolysis gas outlets 103 may be arranged in the dispersion region 12 and/or pyrolysis region 13. According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, a plurality of pyrolysis gas outlets 103 may be arranged on the top end of the dispersion region 12 and/or on the side wall of the pyrolysis region 13 respectively. The inventor has found: by using top-end export of gas and/or side-wall export of gas in combination, the semi-coke in the pyrolysis gas can settle down and be separated, and thereby the dust content in the pyrolysis gas can be decreased significantly. Viewed from the aspect of process design, gas export via the side wall of the pyrolysis region is preferred.
According to the embodiments of the present invention, the semi-coke outlet 104 may be arranged in the discharge region 14 and is adapted to discharge the semi-coke produced through pyrolysis out of the reaction space. Specifically, the semi-coke outlet 104 may be arranged on the bottom end of the discharge region 14.
According to the embodiments of the present invention, the inner wall surface of the dispersion region 12 may be in a spherical or conical shape. Thus, the material scattered by the material distributor can be dispersed into the pyrolysis region uniformly via the dispersion region, and thereby the efficiency of pyrolysis of the material can be further improved.
According to the embodiments of the present invention, the discharge region 14 may be in an inverted cone shape. Thus, the semi-coke produced through pyrolysis can be discharged successfully out of the discharge region.
According to the embodiments of the present invention, the height of the reactor body 10 may be 2-20 m. Thus, the material can be completely pyrolyzed.
The apparatus for fast pyrolysis reaction according to the embodiments of the present invention employs multiple sets of regenerative radiant tubes to provide heat sources for the pyrolysis process, the temperature in the pyrolysis process can be controlled accurately by adjusting the flow rate of the fuel gas charged into the regenerative radiant tubes, and the uniformity of temperature field is ensured by quick changeover and regenerative combustion at the two ends of the regenerative radiant tubes; thus, the efficiency of fast pyrolysis of the material can be significantly improved and thereby the tar yield ratio can be improved. Besides, compared with traditional pyrolysis reaction apparatuses that use a gas heat carrier or solid heat carrier as a heat source for pyrolysis, the apparatus for fast pyrolysis reaction according to the present invention doesn't require a preheating unit and a carrier separation unit, and thereby greatly simplifies the process flow of fast pyrolysis reaction and significantly decreases the failure rate of the apparatus and lowers the dust content in the obtained tar. In addition, the apparatus in the present invention employs a material distributor to uniformly distribute the material in the pyrolysis region and prevent abrasion of the radiant tubes resulted from the material, and thereby the operation stability of the apparatus is significantly improved.
According to the embodiments of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 2, the apparatus for fast pyrolysis reaction further comprises:
a screw discharger 200: according to the embodiments of the present invention, the screw discharger 200 is arranged in an upwardly inclined manner below the reactor body 10 and is connected to the semi-coke outlet 104.
Specifically, the temperature in the pyrolysis process can be controlled accurately by adjusting the flow rate of the fuel gas charged into the regenerative radiant tubes with an adjusting value on the fuel gas pipeline, so that the temperature in the regenerative radiant tubes in the pyrolysis region is controlled within a range of 500-900° C. The material enters into the reaction space via the material inlet, is scattered by the material distributor located below the material inlet and is dispersed in the dispersion region, so that the material is uniformly dispersed in the pyrolysis region and has a pyrolysis reaction; the pyrolysis gas produced in the pyrolysis reaction is exported via the pyrolysis gas outlets on the side wall and top end of the reactor body, and the majority of small semi-coke particles carried in the pyrolysis gas are settled down; the obtained pyrolysis gas is de-dusted in a conventional cyclone dust collector and then is cooled to obtain tar, while the semi-coke produced in the pyrolysis process is discharged out of the reactor body via the screw discharger; then, the obtained semi-coke is cooled to a temperature lower than 80° C., and the material is retained in the reactor for 2-30 s.
Hereunder the present invention will be described with reference to specific embodiments. However, it should be noted that those embodiments are only provided to describe the present invention rather than constitute any limitation to the present invention in any way.

Example 1

The apparatus for fast pyrolysis reaction shown in FIGS. 1-2 is utilized in the example 1. The particle size of lignite raw material to be pyrolyzed is about 1 mm or less, and the moisture content in the lignite is 15.2 wt %. The analytical data of the lignite is shown in Table 1.

TABLE 1

Analytical Data of Lignite

Industrial analysis

Total

Gray-king

Heat

Mad	Ad	Vad	sulfur Std	tar Tar	value
(%)	(%)	(%)	(wt %)	(wt %)	(MJ/kg)

15.2	6.7	43	0.1	8.2	22.55

The main dimensions of the apparatus for fast pyrolysis reaction are as follows: The regenerative radiant tubes are round tubes in 300 mm diameter, the spacing between the outer walls of adjacent radiant tubes in each layer in the horizontal direction is 200 mm, the spacing between the outer walls of adjacent radiant tubes in upper and lower layers is 300 mm, 15 layers of regenerative radiant tubes are provided, the temperature in the regenerative radiant tubes in the pyrolysis region and the temperatures in the regions of the reactor are adjusted as indicated in table 2, the average retention time of the material in the reactor is 2.9 s, wherein, the yield ratio of tar is 11.7 wt %, and the tar is obtained after the exported pyrolysis gas is de-dusted in a conventional cyclone dust extractor and cooled, the dust content in the tar is 2.7 wt %, the yield ratio of combustible gas is 15.8 wt %, the yield ratio of semi-coke is 58.4 wt %, the yield ratio of tar is higher than that obtained with a Gray-king method by 42.6 wt %, the material temperature at the semi-coke outlet is 513° C., the semi-coke discharged via the screw discharger is at 52° C. temperature, and is packed in bags and transported away.

TABLE 2

Technological Operation Parameters

No.	Name of Parameter	Value

1	Temperature in radiant tubes in	550° C.
	preheating section
2	Temperature in preheating section	452° C.
	of reactor
3	Temperature in radiant tubes in fast	500° C.
	pyrolysis section
4	Temperature in fast pyrolysis section	487° C.
	of reactor
5	Temperature in radiant tubes in	500° C.
	complete pyrolysis section
6	Temperature in complete pyrolysis	492° C.
	section of reactor

Example 2

The apparatus for fast pyrolysis reaction shown in FIGS. 1-2 is utilized in this example. The lignite raw material to be pyrolyzed is the same as the lignite raw material treated in the example 1.
The main dimensions of the apparatus for fast pyrolysis reaction are as follows: The regenerative radiant tubes are round tubes in 100 mm diameter, the spacing between the outer walls of adjacent radiant tubes in each layer in the horizontal direction is 100 mm, the spacing between the outer walls of adjacent radiant tubes in upper and lower layers is 200 mm, 30 layers of regenerative radiant tubes are provided, the particle size of the lignite to be treated is 1 mm or less, the moisture content in the lignite is 15.2 wt %, the temperature in the regenerative radiant tubes in the pyrolysis region and the temperatures in the regions of the reactor are adjusted as indicated in table 3, the average retention time of the material in the reactor is 30 s, wherein, the yield ratio of tar is 13.2 wt %, and the tar is obtained after the exported pyrolysis gas is de-dusted in a conventional cyclone dust extractor and cooled, the dust content in the tar is 2.4 wt %, the yield ratio of combustible gas is 16.7 wt %, the yield ratio of semi-coke is 51.4 wt %, the yield ratio of tar is higher than that obtained with a Gray-king method by 61.0 wt %, the material temperature at the semi-coke outlet is 501° C., the semi-coke discharged via the screw discharger is at 48° C. temperature, and is packed in bags and transported away.

TABLE 3

Technological Operation Parameters

No.	Name of Parameter	Value

1	Temperature in radiant tubes in	900° C.
	preheating section
2	Temperature in preheating section	490° C.
	of reactor
3	Temperature in radiant tubes in fast	800° C.
	pyrolysis section
4	Temperature in fast pyrolysis section	557° C.
	of reactor
5	Temperature in radiant tubes in	800° C.
	complete pyrolysis section
6	Temperature in complete pyrolysis	596° C.
	section of reactor

Example 3

The apparatus for fast pyrolysis reaction shown in FIGS. 1-2 is utilized in this example. The lignite raw material to be pyrolyzed is the same as the lignite raw material treated in the example 1.
The main dimensions of the apparatus for fast pyrolysis reaction are as follows: The regenerative radiant tubes are round tubes in 500 mm diameter, the spacing between the outer walls of adjacent radiant tubes in each layer in the horizontal direction is 500 mm, the spacing between the outer walls of adjacent radiant tubes in upper and lower layers is 450 mm, 10 layers of regenerative radiant tubes are provided, the particle size of the lignite to be treated is 1 mm or less, the moisture content in the lignite is 15.2%, the temperature in the regenerative radiant tubes in the pyrolysis region and the temperatures in the regions of the reactor are adjusted to be the same values as those used in the example 1, the average retention time of the material in the reactor is 15.6 s, wherein, the yield ratio of tar is 12.4 wt %, and the tar is obtained after the exported pyrolysis gas is de-dusted in a conventional cyclone dust extractor and cooled, the dust content in the tar is lower than 2.9 wt %, the yield ratio of combustible gas is 16.1 wt %, the yield ratio of semi-coke is 53.3 wt %, the yield ratio of tar is higher than that obtained with a Gray-king method by 51.2 wt %, the material temperature at the semi-coke outlet is 544° C., the semi-coke discharged via the screw discharger is at 45° C. temperature, and is packed in bags and transported away.

Example 4

The apparatus for fast pyrolysis reaction shown in FIGS. 1-2 is utilized in this example. The lignite raw material to be pyrolyzed is the same as the lignite raw material treated in the example 1.
The main dimensions of the apparatus for fast pyrolysis reaction are as follows: The regenerative radiant tubes are round tubes in 500 mm diameter, the spacing between the outer walls of adjacent radiant tubes in each layer in the horizontal direction is 500 mm, the spacing between the outer walls of adjacent radiant tubes in upper and lower layers is 500 mm, 6 layers of regenerative radiant tubes are provided, the particle size of the lignite to be treated is 1 mm or less, the moisture content in the lignite is 15.2 wt %, the temperature in the regenerative radiant tubes in the pyrolysis region and the temperatures in the regions of the reactor are adjusted to be the same values as those used in the example 2, the average retention time of the material in the reactor is 2 s, wherein, the yield ratio of tar is 12.2 wt %, and the tar is obtained after the discharged pyrolysis gas is de-dusted in a conventional cyclone dust extractor and cooled, the dust content in the tar is lower than 3 wt %, the yield ratio of combustible gas is 14.4 wt %, the yield ratio of semi-coke is 58.9 wt %, the yield ratio of tar is higher than that obtained with a Gray-king method by 36.6 wt %, the material temperature at the semi-coke outlet is 587° C., the semi-coke discharged via the screw discharger is at 58° C. temperature, and is packed in bags and transported away.
In the description of the present invention, the expressions of reference terms “an embodiment”, “some embodiments”, “an example”, “specific example”, or “some examples” mean that the specific aspects, structures, materials or features described in those embodiments or examples are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this document, the exemplary expression of the above terms may not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described can be combined appropriately in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, those skilled in the art may combine or assemble different embodiments or examples and features in different embodiments or examples described herein, provided that there is no contradiction between them.
While the present invention is illustrated and described above in examples, it should be understood that the examples are exemplary only and shall not be deemed as constituting any limitation to the present invention. Those skilled in the art can made variations, modifications, and replacements to the examples within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An apparatus for fast pyrolysis reaction, comprising:

a reactor,

said reactor comprises:

a reactor body defining a reaction space that forms a dispersion region, a pyrolysis region, and a discharge region from top to bottom;

said dispersion region comprises:

a material distributor;

a material inlet arranged above the material distributor;

a material distribution gas inlet, which communicates with the material distributor so as to utilize a material distribution gas to blow out the material in the material distributor into the dispersion region, so that the material falls into the pyrolysis region uniformly;

said pyrolysis region comprises:

multilayer regenerative radiant tubes, which are distributed at an interval in the height direction of the reactor body in the pyrolysis region, and each layer of regenerative radiant tubes consists of a plurality of regenerative radiant tubes distributed at an interval in the horizontal direction;

said discharge region comprises: a semi-coke outlet;

a plurality of pyrolysis gas outlets, which are arranged in the dispersion region and/or the pyrolysis region respectively.

2. The apparatus for fast pyrolysis reaction according to claim 1, wherein the material distributor is located inside the dispersion region, and the inner wall surface of the dispersion region is in a spherical or conical shape.

3. The apparatus for fast pyrolysis reaction according to claim 1, wherein the discharge region is in an inverted cone shape.

4. The apparatus for fast pyrolysis reaction according to claim 1, wherein each layer of regenerative radiant tubes consists of a plurality of regenerative radiant tubes that are parallel to each other and evenly distributed, and each regenerative radiant tube is parallel to each regenerative radiant tube in adjacent upper and lower layers of regenerative radiant tubes and is staggered from each regenerative radiant tube in adjacent upper and lower layers of regenerative radiant tubes in the height direction of the reactor body.

5. The apparatus for fast pyrolysis reaction according to claim 1, wherein further comprising:

a screw discharger arranged in an upwardly inclined manner below the reactor body and connected to the semi-coke outlet.

6. The apparatus for fast pyrolysis reaction according to claim 1, wherein the reactor body is in height of 2-20 m.

7. The apparatus for fast pyrolysis reaction according to claim 1, wherein a fuel gas regulating valve is provided on the regenerative radiant tubes.

8. The apparatus for fast pyrolysis reaction according to claim 1, wherein the regenerative radiant tubes are in diameter of 100-500 mm.

9. The apparatus for fast pyrolysis reaction according to claim 1, wherein the horizontal spacing and vertical spacing between the outer walls of adjacent regenerative radiant tubes are 100-500 mm respectively and independently.

10. The apparatus for fast pyrolysis reaction according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of pyrolysis gas outlets are arranged on the top end of the dispersion region and/or side walls of the pyrolysis region respectively.