US20180200993A1 - Method for Producing a Sandwich Structure - Google Patents

Method for Producing a Sandwich Structure Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US20180200993A1
US20180200993A1 US15/741,288 US201615741288A US2018200993A1 US 20180200993 A1 US20180200993 A1 US 20180200993A1 US 201615741288 A US201615741288 A US 201615741288A US 2018200993 A1 US2018200993 A1 US 2018200993A1
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
polymeric layer
sandwich structure
thickness
target
steel
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
US15/741,288
Other versions
US11046054B2 (en
Inventor
Denis Jacquet
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ArcelorMittal SA
Original Assignee
ArcelorMittal SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ArcelorMittal SA filed Critical ArcelorMittal SA
Assigned to ARCELORMITTAL reassignment ARCELORMITTAL ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: JACQUET, Denis
Publication of US20180200993A1 publication Critical patent/US20180200993A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US11046054B2 publication Critical patent/US11046054B2/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Adjusted expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/04—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B15/08—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/18—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising iron or steel
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/20—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising aluminium or copper
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/28—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising synthetic resins not wholly covered by any one of the sub-groups B32B27/30 - B32B27/42
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/32—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyolefins
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/34—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyamides
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B33/00—Layered products characterised by particular properties or particular surface features, e.g. particular surface coatings; Layered products designed for particular purposes not covered by another single class
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
    • B32B37/14—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers
    • B32B37/16—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers with all layers existing as coherent layers before laminating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/12—Interconnection of layers using interposed adhesives or interposed materials with bonding properties
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2250/00—Layers arrangement
    • B32B2250/40—Symmetrical or sandwich layers, e.g. ABA, ABCBA, ABCCBA
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2270/00—Resin or rubber layer containing a blend of at least two different polymers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
    • B32B2307/51—Elastic
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
    • B32B2307/54—Yield strength; Tensile strength
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/70—Other properties
    • B32B2307/714—Inert, i.e. inert to chemical degradation, corrosion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/70—Other properties
    • B32B2307/72—Density
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/70—Other properties
    • B32B2307/732—Dimensional properties
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2311/00—Metals, their alloys or their compounds
    • B32B2311/24—Aluminium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2311/00—Metals, their alloys or their compounds
    • B32B2311/30—Iron, e.g. steel
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2605/00—Vehicles
    • B32B2605/08—Cars
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D29/00—Superstructures, understructures, or sub-units thereof, characterised by the material thereof
    • B62D29/001—Superstructures, understructures, or sub-units thereof, characterised by the material thereof characterised by combining metal and synthetic material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D29/00—Superstructures, understructures, or sub-units thereof, characterised by the material thereof
    • B62D29/001—Superstructures, understructures, or sub-units thereof, characterised by the material thereof characterised by combining metal and synthetic material
    • B62D29/005—Superstructures, understructures, or sub-units thereof, characterised by the material thereof characterised by combining metal and synthetic material preformed metal and synthetic material elements being joined together, e.g. by adhesives

Definitions

  • the invention relates to sandwich structures including a polymeric layer between two steel skin layers and a process for manufacturing them.
  • Reducing motor vehicle energy consumption occurs primarily by reducing the weight of these vehicles.
  • the steel traditionally used for producing both skin parts and structural parts has lighter metal competitors such as aluminum and composites, such as glass fiber-reinforced polymers or carbon fiber-reinforced polymers.
  • an object of the present invention is a method for manufacturing a sandwich structure that facilitates dimensioning of the sandwich structure according to a target to be achieved.
  • the present invention provides a method for manufacturing a sandwich structure including two steel skin layers separated by a polymeric layer comprising the steps of:
  • the method of the invention may also include the following optional features, either individually or in combination:
  • This sandwich structure according to the invention may also include the following optional features, either individually or in combination:
  • This sandwich structure according to the invention may also include the following optional features, either individually or in combination:
  • the dimensioning of a sandwich structure starts with the selection of a target to be attained.
  • This target can be either a virtual target defined uniquely by target values or a competing product for which replication of the performance is sought. In the latter case, the target values are those of the competing material under consideration.
  • the target to be attained is defined by three target values, i.e., tensile strength T c expressed in kN/mm, bending stiffness B c expressed in kN/mm, and surface mass M c expressed in Kg/m 2 .
  • the target values T c , B c , and M c respectively may have the following values:
  • a first approach might be to accept that the target values are attained to within plus or minus 10%, or preferentially within plus or minus 5%.
  • the sandwich structure is then defined by the thickness E a of the steel skin layers expressed in mm, the thickness E p of the polymeric layer expressed in mm, the intrinsic Young's modulus Y p of the polymeric layer, the intrinsic density d p of the polymeric layer expressed in MPa, and the volume fraction R p of the polymeric layer expressed as a volume percentage of the polymeric layer of the material.
  • Intrinsic Young's modulus of the polymeric layer means the Young's modulus of the polymer or polymer mixture constituting the polymeric layer, excluding foaming, if any, of the polymeric layer.
  • Intrinsic density of the polymer layer means the density of the polymer or polymer mixture constituting the polymer layer, excluding fillers and foaming, if any, in the density calculation.
  • the volume fraction R p is a function of the foaming, if any, of the polymeric layer. In the absence of foaming, the volume ratio is therefore 1.
  • the control of the volume fraction is attained by controlling the foaming rate.
  • the polymeric layer is foamed, i.e., R p is strictly less than 1. Foaming provides a better compromise for weight reduction/mechanical performance of the sandwich structure.
  • the next step is to identify E a , E p , Y p , d p , and R p combinations enabling attainment of target values having the defined tolerance.
  • This step can be implemented according to any method known to a person skilled in the art.
  • the first step of this method is to generate E a , E p , Y p , d p , and R p combinations as follows:
  • Gc a1 Y a1 /(2*(1+ v a1 )),
  • A ( Y a1 *MM 4 a1 +E a1 *Y a1 *I a *( Gc a1 ⁇ C ) ⁇ 2)+( Yapp p *MM 4 p +E p *Yapp p *I p *( NF p ⁇ C ) ⁇ 2)+( Y a2 *MM 4 a2 +E a2 *Y a2 *I a2 *( NF a2 ⁇ C ) ⁇ 2)
  • T s 50/100*( Y a1 *E a1 +Yapp p *E p +Y a2 *E a2 )/1000
  • the results obtained are analyzed so as to identify E a , E p , Y p , d p , and R p combinations allowing the attainment of target values having the defined tolerance.
  • the results can be analyzed graphically.
  • the graph may show a representation of the polymeric layer thickness E p as a function of the thickness E a of the steel skin layer and the intrinsic Young's modulus Y p of the polymeric layer.
  • the graph may also show a representation of the polymeric layer thickness E p as a function of the thickness E a of the steel skin layer and the volume fraction R p of the polymeric layer.
  • a volume fraction less than 0.2 i.e., a foaming proportion of more than 80%, does not allow sufficient rigidity of the sandwich structure to be attained and/or maintained.
  • an operating range is determined as defined by:
  • the operating range is defined by:
  • the next step is to select the steel and the polymeric layer for which each variable is within the range defined in the previous step.
  • the skin layer is made of sheet steel with thickness E a between 0.1 mm and 0.2 mm. Below this range, it becomes difficult to achieve sufficient bending stiffness of the sandwich structure. Above this range, the weight of the steel sheets does not allow for a sufficiently light sandwich structure.
  • steel sheets Preferably, steel sheets have a thickness between 0.118 mm and 0.165 mm. Even more preferably, steel sheets have a thickness between 0.126 mm and 0.158 mm.
  • steel grade depends on the intended application.
  • the grades commonly used are ES grades (EN DC01 to DC06) and HLE grades (EN H240LA to H400LA).
  • ES grades EN DC01 to DC06
  • HLE grades EN H240LA to H400LA
  • steels are selected from the IF-Ti grades. These grades have the advantage of being very insensitive to hardening after curing (bake hardening) which allows them to undergo the manufacturing stage of the sandwich structure without damage, a stage during which the sandwich structure is heated to temperatures in the range of 240° C.-250° C. These grades also have the advantage of being capable of undergoing deep-drawing.
  • steel skin layers can be bare. Alternatively, they can be coated in order to improve their performance, in particular their corrosion resistance.
  • steel thickness E a means the thickness of the bare steel skin layer, without taking into consideration the thickness of the coating.
  • the coating may be a metal coating obtained by hot dip galvanizing, electroplating, or vacuum deposition, such as vapor deposition or sonic vapor jet deposition.
  • This coating may include one or more metals such as zinc, aluminum, magnesium, or silicon.
  • GI zinc coating
  • GA alloyed zinc coating
  • ZnMg zinc alloy with 0.1 wt-% to 10 wt-% magnesium
  • ZnAlMg zinc alloy with 0.1 wt-% to 10 wt-% magnesium and 5 wt-% to 11 wt-% aluminum
  • ZnAlMg zinc alloy with 5 wt-% aluminum
  • Gafan® zinc alloy with 55 wt-% aluminum, about 1.5 wt-% silicon, the remainder being zinc and unavoidable impurities due to processing
  • Aluzinc®, Galvalume® aluminum alloy having 8 wt-% to 11% wt-% silicon and 2 wt-% to 4 wt-% iron, the remainder being aluminum and un
  • the coating may also include a surface treatment, varnish, or paint or oil coating. These coatings are known to the person skilled in the art, who will know how to use them and how to adjust them on a case-by-case basis.
  • the polymeric layer can be composed of a single polymer or a mixture of at least two polymers (polymeric mixture below).
  • the selection of the polymer or the polymeric mixture is mainly guided by the conditions existing for the polymer or the polymer blend during the manufacture and use of the sandwich structure.
  • a polymer or polymer mixture should preferably be selected which:
  • the polymeric layer has sufficient adhesion to the metal to be used as a monolayer directly attached to the steel skin layers during manufacturing of the sandwich structure.
  • the polymeric layer can be attached to steel skin layers by means of a glue or adhesive at the polymeric layer/steel skin layer interface.
  • the polymeric layer may be a multilayer, the outer layers of which have good adhesion to metal.
  • the polymeric mixture includes a polyamide such as PA6, PA6-6, PA11, PA12, PA4-6, PA6-10, or PA6-12, for which the densities and the Young's modulus are known.
  • the polymer mixture comprises a polyamide and a copolymer of ethylene and unsaturated carboxylic acid and/or its derivative. Details for the characteristics of the components of such a mixture and the process for obtaining this mixture can be found in application WO2005/0142278 incorporated by reference herein.
  • These polyamide-based mixtures have the advantage of being resistant to the cataphoresis stage, having a good surface appearance after shaping, and having good adhesion to metal.
  • the polymeric mixture is biphasic and comprises:
  • Such a polymeric mixture has the advantage of resisting the cataphoresis step at 210° C. while having a melting point that does not exceed 210° C., which facilitates its implementation and therefore the manufacturing of the sandwich structure.
  • the polymer layer can be foamed.
  • the presence of gas bubbles in the mixture may result either from the incorporation of a blowing agent into the polymer mixture or from the physical introduction of gas bubbles into the mixture during processing.
  • a blowing agent it should preferably be incorporated during manufacture of the polymer or polymer mixture. During sandwich panel manufacturing, heating of the polymeric layer activates the blowing agent which releases gas into the polymer. The foaming rate, and thus the R p volume ratio, is then controlled by the amount of blowing agent added to the polymeric layer.
  • blowing agents that can be used, by way of example, Expancel® microspheres can be cited, which are added at a level of a few weight percent to the polymeric layer.
  • Manufacturing itself i.e. the assembly of the skin layers and the polymeric layer, can be carried out according to any process known to a person skilled in the art.

Abstract

A process for manufacturing a sandwich structure including two steel skin layers separated by a polymeric layer is provided. The process includes dimensioning the sandwich structure according to a target to be attained by defining the target to be attained by three target values, i.e., tensile strength Tc expressed in kN/mm, bending stiffness Bc expressed in kN/mm, and surface mass Mc expressed in Kg/m2, defining a tolerance for the attainment of target values, defining the sandwich structure by five variables, i.e., the thickness Ea of the steel skin layers expressed in mm, the polymeric layer thickness Ep expressed in mm, the intrinsic Young's modulus Yp of the polymeric layer, the intrinsic density dp of the polymeric layer, and the volume ratio Rp of the polymeric layer expressed as a volume percentage of the polymeric layer of the material, identifying the Ea, Ep, Yp, dp, and Rp combinations enabling attainment of the target values having the defined tolerance, and determining, for each variable, an operating range. The process also includes selecting the steel and the polymeric layer for which each variable is within the range defined in the previous step and manufacturing the corresponding sandwich structure.

Description

  • The invention relates to sandwich structures including a polymeric layer between two steel skin layers and a process for manufacturing them.
    • BACKGROUND
  • Reducing motor vehicle energy consumption occurs primarily by reducing the weight of these vehicles.
  • The steel traditionally used for producing both skin parts and structural parts has lighter metal competitors such as aluminum and composites, such as glass fiber-reinforced polymers or carbon fiber-reinforced polymers.
  • Although sandwich structures can provide an alternative, their complexity makes their dimensioning difficult.
    • SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
  • Thus, an object of the present invention is a method for manufacturing a sandwich structure that facilitates dimensioning of the sandwich structure according to a target to be achieved.
  • The present invention provides a method for manufacturing a sandwich structure including two steel skin layers separated by a polymeric layer comprising the steps of:
      • dimensioning the sandwich structure according to a target to be attained by following the sub-steps of:
        • defining the target to be attained by three target values, i.e., tensile strength Tc expressed in kN/mm, bending stiffness Bc expressed in kN/mm, and surface mass Mc expressed in Kg/m2,
        • defining a tolerance for the attainment of target values,
        • defining the sandwich structure by five variables, i.e., the thickness Ea of the steel skin layers expressed in mm, the polymeric layer thickness Ep expressed in mm, the intrinsic Young's modulus Yp of the polymeric layer, the intrinsic density dp of the polymeric layer, and the volume ratio Rp of the polymeric layer expressed as a volume percentage of the polymeric layer of the material,
        • identifying Ea, Ep, Yp, dp, and Rp combinations enabling attainment of target values having the defined tolerance,
        • determining, for each variable, an operating range,
      • selecting the steel and the polymeric layer for which each variable is within the range defined in the previous step,
      • manufacturing the corresponding sandwich structure.
  • The method of the invention may also include the following optional features, either individually or in combination:
      • the target to be attained is a monolithic metallic material other than steel,
      • the target to be attained is aluminum,
      • the target to be attained is aluminum with a thickness of 0.9 mm,
      • the target to be attained is aluminum with a thickness of 0.8 mm,
      • the tolerance in attaining target values is 10%,
      • the step of identifying the Ea, Ep, Yp, dp, and Rp combinations enabling attainment of the target values having the defined tolerance includes a step during which the Ea, Ep, Yp, dp, and Rp combinations are generated,
      • it includes a graphical analysis step for the Ea, Ep, Yp, dp, and Rp combinations generated.
  • The present invention also provides a sandwich structure obtainable by the method for a 0.9 mm aluminum target with Tc=31.5 N/mm, Bc=10.2 N/mm, Mc=2.43 Kg/m2 and a tolerance of 10%, the sandwich structure including:
      • two steel skin layers with steel thickness Ea between 0.133 mm and 0.165 mm,
      • a polymeric layer intercalated between the two skin layers and having:
        • A thickness Ep between (−2.5×Ea+0.713) and (−2.5×Ea+0.88),
        • a density dp between 0.9 and 1.4,
        • a volume fraction Rp greater than or equal to 0.2 and strictly less than 1,
        • a Young's modulus Yp lower than 4000 MPa,
        • where the volume fraction Rp and the Young's modulus Yp satisfy the inequality:

  • Y p*(0.49*R p 2+0.23*R p+1/(Y p*(1−R p)))≥50 MPa
  • This sandwich structure according to the invention may also include the following optional features, either individually or in combination:
      • the steel thickness Ea is between 0.141 mm and 0.158 mm and the polymeric layer thickness Ep is between (−2.5×Ea+0.73) and (−2.5×Ea+0.87),
      • the polymeric layer includes a mixture of a polyamide and a copolymer of ethylene and unsaturated carboxylic acid and/or its derivative.
  • The present invention further provides a sandwich structure obtainable by the method for a 0.8 mm aluminum target with Tc=28.0 N/mm, Bc=7.2 N/mm, Mc=2.16 Kg/m2 and a tolerance of 10%, the sandwich structure including:
      • two steel skin layers with steel thickness Ea between 0.118 mm and 0.146 mm,
      • a polymeric layer intercalated between the two skin layers and having:
        • a thickness Ep between (−2.5×Ea+0.632) et (−2.5×Ea+0.75),
        • a density dp between 0.9 and 1.4,
        • a volume fraction Rp greater than or equal to 0.2 and strictly less than 1,
        • a Young's modulus Yp lower than 4000 MPa,
        • where the volume fraction Rp and the Young's modulus Yp satisfy the inequality:

  • Y p*(0.49*R p 2+0.23*R p+1/(Y p*(1−R p)))≥50 MPa
  • This sandwich structure according to the invention may also include the following optional features, either individually or in combination:
      • the steel thickness Ea is between 0.126 mm and 0.140 mm and the polymeric layer thickness Ep is between (−2.5×Ea+0.646) and (−2.5×Ea+0.728),
      • the mixture of a polyamide and a copolymer of ethylene and unsaturated carboxylic acid and/or its derivative.
    DETAILED DESCRIPTION
  • Other features and advantages of the invention appear in the description that follows.
  • The dimensioning of a sandwich structure starts with the selection of a target to be attained. This target can be either a virtual target defined uniquely by target values or a competing product for which replication of the performance is sought. In the latter case, the target values are those of the competing material under consideration.
  • In particular, the target to be attained is defined by three target values, i.e., tensile strength Tc expressed in kN/mm, bending stiffness Bc expressed in kN/mm, and surface mass Mc expressed in Kg/m2.
  • By way of non-limiting examples, in the case of aluminum as a target, the target values Tc, Bc, and Mc respectively may have the following values:
      • 31.5 N/mm, 10.2 N/mm, 2.43 Kg/m2 for 0.9 mm aluminum
      • 28.0 N/mm, 7.2 N/mm, 2.16 Kg/m2 for 0.8 mm aluminum
  • When dimensioning the sandwich structure, a tolerance margin in the attainment of target values is allowed. This tolerance can be adjusted on a case-by-case basis by a person skilled in the art in accordance with the criticality of the target value in the given context.
  • For example, a first approach might be to accept that the target values are attained to within plus or minus 10%, or preferentially within plus or minus 5%.
  • The sandwich structure is then defined by the thickness Ea of the steel skin layers expressed in mm, the thickness Ep of the polymeric layer expressed in mm, the intrinsic Young's modulus Yp of the polymeric layer, the intrinsic density dp of the polymeric layer expressed in MPa, and the volume fraction Rp of the polymeric layer expressed as a volume percentage of the polymeric layer of the material.
  • Intrinsic Young's modulus of the polymeric layer means the Young's modulus of the polymer or polymer mixture constituting the polymeric layer, excluding foaming, if any, of the polymeric layer.
  • Intrinsic density of the polymer layer means the density of the polymer or polymer mixture constituting the polymer layer, excluding fillers and foaming, if any, in the density calculation.
  • The volume fraction Rp is a function of the foaming, if any, of the polymeric layer. In the absence of foaming, the volume ratio is therefore 1. The control of the volume fraction is attained by controlling the foaming rate. Preferably, the polymeric layer is foamed, i.e., Rp is strictly less than 1. Foaming provides a better compromise for weight reduction/mechanical performance of the sandwich structure.
  • The next step is to identify Ea, Ep, Yp, dp, and Rp combinations enabling attainment of target values having the defined tolerance.
  • This step can be implemented according to any method known to a person skilled in the art.
  • By way of a non-limiting example, a possible method is described below. The first step of this method is to generate Ea, Ep, Yp, dp, and Rp combinations as follows:
      • the Young's modulus Ya1 of the first steel skin layer is set to 210000 MPa,
      • the size of the first metal skin layer is set to a width Ia1 of 50 mm and a length La1 of 100 mm,
      • the Poisson coefficient vat of the first steel skin layer is set to 0.3,
      • the size of the polymeric layer is set to a width Ip of 50 mm and a length Lp of 100 mm,
      • the Poisson coefficient vp of the polymeric layer is set to 0.3,
      • the thickness Ea2 of the second steel skin layer is set to that of the first skin layer,
      • the Young modulus Ya2 of the second steel skin layer is set to 210000 MPa,
      • the size of the second steel skin layer is set to a width Ia2 of 50 mm and a length La2 of 100 mm,
      • the Poisson coefficient va2 of the second steel skin layer is set to 0.3,
      • the thickness Ea1 of the first steel skin layer is randomly varied, preferably between 0.1 mm and 0.2 mm to limit the number of iterations,
      • the polymeric layer thickness Ep is varied randomly, preferably between 0 and 1 mm to limit the number of iterations,
      • the intrinsic Young's modulus Yp of the polymeric layer is randomly varied,
      • the volume fraction Rp of the polymeric layer is randomly varied,
      • the intrinsic density dp of the polymer layer is randomly varied,
      • the first steel skin layer quadratic moment of inertia MM4a1 is calculated using the equation MM4a1=Ia*Ea1̂3/12,
      • the first steel skin layer shear modulus Gca1 is calculated using the equation

  • Gc a1 =Y a1/(2*(1+v a1)),
      • the first skin layer neutral fiber NFa1 is calculated using the equation

  • Gc a1 =E a1/2,
      • the mass Ma1 of the first steel skin layer is calculated using the equation Ma1=Ea1*7.8,
      • the apparent Young's modulus Yappp of the polymeric layer is calculated using the equation Yappp=Yp*(0.7̂2*Rp̂2+(1−0.77)*Rp+1/(Yp*(1−Rp)))
      • the quadratic moment of inertia MM4p of the polymeric layer is calculated using the equation MM4p=Ip*Ep̂3/12,
      • the shear modulus Gcp of the polymeric layer is calculated using the equation

  • Gc p =Yapp p/(2*(1+v p)),
      • the neutral fiber NFp of the polymeric layer is calculated using the equation

  • NF p =E p/2+E a1,
      • the mass Mp of the polymeric layer is calculated using the equation

  • M p =R p *E p *d p,
      • the quadratic moment of inertia MM4a2 of the second steel skin layer is calculated using the equation MM4a2=Ia2*Ea2̂3/12,
      • the shear modulus Gca2 of the second steel skin layer is calculated using the equation Gca2=Ya2/(2*(1+va2)),
      • the second skin layer NFa2 neutral fiber is calculated using the equation

  • NF a2 =E a2/2+E p +E a1,
      • the mass Ma2 of the second steel skin layer is calculated using the equation

  • M a2 =E a2*7.8,
      • the sandwich structure bending stiffness Bs is calculated using the equation:

  • B s=1/(La2̂3/(48*A)+L a2/(4*D))
    • Where:

  • A=(Y a1 *MM4a1 +E a1 *Y a1 *I a*(Gc a1 −C)̂2)+(Yapp p *MM4p +E p *Yapp p *I p*(NF p −C)̂2)+(Y a2 *MM4a2 +E a2 *Y a2 *I a2*(NF a2 −C)̂2)
    • And

  • D=I p *Gc p*((E a1 +E a2)/2+E p)̂2/E p
    • Where:

  • C=(E a1 *Y a1 I a *Gc a1 +E p *Yapp p *I p *NF p +E a2 *Y a2 *I a2 *NF a2)/(E a1 *Y a1 I a +E p *Yapp p *I p +E a2 *Y a2 *I a2),
      • the tensile strength Ts of the sandwich structure is calculated using the equation:

  • T s=50/100*(Y a1 *E a1 +Yapp p *E p +Y a2 *E a2)/1000
      • the mass Ms of the sandwich structure is calculated using the equation:

  • M s =M a1 +M p +M a2,
      • Ts, Bs, and Ms are compared to the target values for Tc, Bc, and Mc with the defined tolerance.
  • The results obtained are analyzed so as to identify Ea, Ep, Yp, dp, and Rp combinations allowing the attainment of target values having the defined tolerance. In particular, the results can be analyzed graphically. By way of example, the graph may show a representation of the polymeric layer thickness Ep as a function of the thickness Ea of the steel skin layer and the intrinsic Young's modulus Yp of the polymeric layer. The graph may also show a representation of the polymeric layer thickness Ep as a function of the thickness Ea of the steel skin layer and the volume fraction Rp of the polymeric layer.
  • During the process of identifying Ea, Ep, Yp, dp, and Rp combinations enabling attainment of target values having the defined tolerance, certain combinations can be excluded because they have been identified as not working.
  • By way of example, this is the case for sandwich structures with a polymeric layer apparent Young's modulus below 50 Mpa. Below this value, it has been observed that the development of the Young's modulus over time becomes overly sensitive to the environment. In particular, water infiltration or exposure of the sandwich structure to temperatures close to the melting point of the polymeric layer may lead to shearing of the sandwich structure and loss of cohesion.
  • Similarly, it has been found that a volume fraction less than 0.2, i.e., a foaming proportion of more than 80%, does not allow sufficient rigidity of the sandwich structure to be attained and/or maintained.
  • By way of example, for a 0.9 mm aluminum target with Tc=31.5 N/mm, Bc=10.2 N/mm, Mc=2.43 Kg/m2, and a tolerance of 10%, an operating range is determined as defined by:
      • a steel thickness Ea between 0.133 mm and 0.165 mm,
      • a thickness Ep of the polymeric layer between (−2.5×Ea+0.713) and (−2.5×Ea+0.88),
      • a density dp of the polymeric layer between 0.9 and 1.4,
      • a volume ratio Rp of the polymeric layer between 0.2 and 1,
      • a Young's modulus Yp of the polymeric layer lower than 4000 MPa,
      • where the volume fraction Rp and the Young's modulus Yp satisfy the inequality:

  • Y p*(0.49*R p 2+0.23*R p+1/(Y p*(1−R p)))≥50 MPa
  • Similarly, for a 0.9 mm aluminum target with Tc=31.5 N/mm, Bc=10.2 N/mm, Mc=2.43 Kg/m2, and a tolerance of 5%, the operating range is defined by:
      • a steel thickness Ea between 0.141 mm and 0.158 mm,
      • a thickness Ep of the polymeric layer between (−2.5×Ea+0.73) and (−2.5×Ea+0.87).
      • a density dp of the polymeric layer between 0.9 and 1.4,
      • a volume ratio Rp of the polymeric layer between 0.2 and 1,
      • a Young's modulus Yp of the polymeric layer lower than 4000 MPa, where the volume fraction Rp and the Young's modulus Yp satisfy the inequality:

  • Y p*(0.49*R p 2+0.23*R p+1/(Y p*(1−R p)))≥50 MPa.
  • Similarly, for a 0.8 mm aluminum target with Tc=28.0 N/mm, Bc=7.2 N/mm, Mc=2.16 Kg/m2, and a tolerance of 10%, the operating range is defined by
      • a steel thickness Ea between 0.118 mm and 0.146 mm,
      • a thickness Ep of the polymeric layer between (−2.5×Ea+0.632) and (−2.5×Ea+0.75).
      • a density dp between of the polymeric layer between 0.9 and 1.4,
      • a volume ratio Rp of the polymeric layer between 0.2 and 1,
      • a Young's modulus Yp of the polymeric layer lower than 4000 MPa,
      • where the volume fraction Rp and the Young's modulus Yp satisfy the inequality:

  • Y p*(0.49*R p 2+0.23*R p+1/(Y p*(1−R p)))≥50 MPa.
  • Similarly, for a 0.8 mm aluminum target with Tc=28.0 N/mm, Bc=7.2 N/mm, C Mc=2.16 Kg/m2 and a tolerance of 10%, the operating range is defined by:
      • a steel thickness Ea between 0.126 mm and 0.140 mm,
      • a thickness Ep of the polymeric layer between (−2.5×Ea+0.646) and (−2.5×Ea+0.728),
      • a density dp of the polymeric layer between 0.9 and 1.4,
      • a volume ratio Rp of the polymeric layer between 0.2 and 1,
      • a Young's modulus Yp of the polymeric layer lower than 4000 MPa,
      • where the volume fraction Rp and the Young's modulus Yp satisfy the inequality:

  • Y p*(0.49*R p 2+0.23*R p+1/(Y p*(1−R p)))≥50 MPa.
  • The next step is to select the steel and the polymeric layer for which each variable is within the range defined in the previous step.
  • A person skilled in the art, who is knowledgeable about the characteristics of steels and polymers, can easily make this selection.
  • In particular, the selection of the steel is guided by the considerations below.
  • Preferably, the skin layer is made of sheet steel with thickness Ea between 0.1 mm and 0.2 mm. Below this range, it becomes difficult to achieve sufficient bending stiffness of the sandwich structure. Above this range, the weight of the steel sheets does not allow for a sufficiently light sandwich structure. Preferably, steel sheets have a thickness between 0.118 mm and 0.165 mm. Even more preferably, steel sheets have a thickness between 0.126 mm and 0.158 mm.
  • The selection of steel grade depends on the intended application. For use in the automotive industry, the grades commonly used are ES grades (EN DC01 to DC06) and HLE grades (EN H240LA to H400LA). Preferably, steels are selected from the IF-Ti grades. These grades have the advantage of being very insensitive to hardening after curing (bake hardening) which allows them to undergo the manufacturing stage of the sandwich structure without damage, a stage during which the sandwich structure is heated to temperatures in the range of 240° C.-250° C. These grades also have the advantage of being capable of undergoing deep-drawing.
  • These steel skin layers can be bare. Alternatively, they can be coated in order to improve their performance, in particular their corrosion resistance. In the case of coated steel, steel thickness Ea means the thickness of the bare steel skin layer, without taking into consideration the thickness of the coating.
  • The coating may be a metal coating obtained by hot dip galvanizing, electroplating, or vacuum deposition, such as vapor deposition or sonic vapor jet deposition. This coating may include one or more metals such as zinc, aluminum, magnesium, or silicon. By way of non-limiting examples, we can cite zinc coating (GI), alloyed zinc coating (GA), zinc alloy with 0.1 wt-% to 10 wt-% magnesium (ZnMg), zinc alloy with 0.1 wt-% to 10 wt-% magnesium and 5 wt-% to 11 wt-% aluminum (ZnAlMg), zinc alloy with 5 wt-% aluminum (Galfan®), zinc alloy with 55 wt-% aluminum, about 1.5 wt-% silicon, the remainder being zinc and unavoidable impurities due to processing (Aluzinc®, Galvalume®), aluminum alloy having 8 wt-% to 11% wt-% silicon and 2 wt-% to 4 wt-% iron, the remainder being aluminum and unavoidable impurities due to processing (Alusi®), and aluminum coating (Alupur®).
  • The coating may also include a surface treatment, varnish, or paint or oil coating. These coatings are known to the person skilled in the art, who will know how to use them and how to adjust them on a case-by-case basis.
  • A person skilled in the art will also be guided in the selection of a polymeric layer by the considerations below.
  • The polymeric layer can be composed of a single polymer or a mixture of at least two polymers (polymeric mixture below).
  • The selection of the polymer or the polymeric mixture is mainly guided by the conditions existing for the polymer or the polymer blend during the manufacture and use of the sandwich structure.
  • For this reason, a polymer or polymer mixture should preferably be selected which:
      • has a melting point not exceeding 220° C.-240° C. so that it can be used on sandwich structure production lines without excessive heating,
      • is resistant to the cataphoresis stage, a stage in motor vehicle manufacturing during which paint applied to the vehicle is cured for about 45 minutes at a temperature of up to 210° C.
  • Preferably, the polymeric layer has sufficient adhesion to the metal to be used as a monolayer directly attached to the steel skin layers during manufacturing of the sandwich structure. Alternatively, the polymeric layer can be attached to steel skin layers by means of a glue or adhesive at the polymeric layer/steel skin layer interface. Alternatively, the polymeric layer may be a multilayer, the outer layers of which have good adhesion to metal.
  • According to a variant of the invention, the polymeric mixture includes a polyamide such as PA6, PA6-6, PA11, PA12, PA4-6, PA6-10, or PA6-12, for which the densities and the Young's modulus are known. Preferably, the polymer mixture comprises a polyamide and a copolymer of ethylene and unsaturated carboxylic acid and/or its derivative. Details for the characteristics of the components of such a mixture and the process for obtaining this mixture can be found in application WO2005/0142278 incorporated by reference herein. These polyamide-based mixtures have the advantage of being resistant to the cataphoresis stage, having a good surface appearance after shaping, and having good adhesion to metal.
  • According to a variant of the invention, the polymeric mixture is biphasic and comprises:
      • a polyamide having a melting point of not more than 210° C.;
      • a modified polyolefin having carboxy groups,
  • whose rheological behavior in the molten state is characterized by the existence of a threshold stress.
  • Details of the characteristics of the components of such a mixture and the process for obtaining this mixture can be found in application WO2012/076763 incorporated by reference herein.
  • Such a polymeric mixture has the advantage of resisting the cataphoresis step at 210° C. while having a melting point that does not exceed 210° C., which facilitates its implementation and therefore the manufacturing of the sandwich structure.
  • The polymer layer can be foamed.
  • The presence of gas bubbles in the mixture may result either from the incorporation of a blowing agent into the polymer mixture or from the physical introduction of gas bubbles into the mixture during processing.
  • If a blowing agent is used, it should preferably be incorporated during manufacture of the polymer or polymer mixture. During sandwich panel manufacturing, heating of the polymeric layer activates the blowing agent which releases gas into the polymer. The foaming rate, and thus the Rp volume ratio, is then controlled by the amount of blowing agent added to the polymeric layer. Among the blowing agents that can be used, by way of example, Expancel® microspheres can be cited, which are added at a level of a few weight percent to the polymeric layer.
  • Manufacturing itself, i.e. the assembly of the skin layers and the polymeric layer, can be carried out according to any process known to a person skilled in the art.

Claims (15)

What is claimed is:
1-14. (canceled)
15. A method for manufacturing a sandwich structure comprising two steel skin layers separated by a polymeric layer comprising steps of:
dimensioning the sandwich structure according to a target to be attained by following the sub-steps of:
defining the target by three target values including tensile strength Tc expressed in kN/mm, bending stiffness Bc expressed in kN/mm, and surface mass Mc expressed in Kg/m2;
defining a tolerance for the three target values;
defining the sandwich structure by five variables including thickness Ea of the steel skin layers expressed in mm, a polymeric layer thickness Ep expressed in mm, an intrinsic Young's modulus Yp of the polymeric layer, an intrinsic density dp of the polymeric layer, and a volume ratio Rp of the polymeric layer expressed as a volume percentage of the polymeric layer of the material;
identifying the Ea, Ep, Yp, dp, and Rp combinations enabling attainment of the three target values having the defined tolerance; and
determining, for each variable, an operating range;
selecting the steel and the polymeric layer for which each variable is within the range defined in the previous step; and
manufacturing the corresponding sandwich structure.
16. The manufacturing method according to claim 15, wherein the target to be attained is a monolithic metallic material other than steel.
17. The manufacturing method according to claim 16, wherein the target to be attained is aluminum.
18. The manufacturing method according to claim 17, wherein the target to be attained is aluminum with a thickness of 0.9 mm.
19. The manufacturing method according to claim 17, wherein the target to be attained is aluminum with a thickness of 0.8 mm.
20. The manufacturing method according claim 15, wherein the tolerance in attaining target values is 10%.
21. The manufacturing method according to claim 15, wherein the step of identifying the Ea, Ep, Yp, dp, and Rp combinations enabling attainment of the target values having the defined tolerance includes a step during which the Ea, Ep, Yp, dp, and Rp combinations are generated.
22. The manufacturing method according to claim 21, further comprising a graphical analysis step for the Ea, Ep, Yp, dp, and Rp combinations generated.
23. A sandwich structure obtainable by the process according to claim 15 implemented for a 0.9 mm aluminum target with Tc=31.5 N/mm, Bc=10.2 N/mm, Mc=2.43 Kg/m2 and a tolerance of 10%, for a sandwich structure including:
two steel skin layers with steel thickness Ea between 0.133 mm and 0.165 mm;
a polymeric layer intercalated between the two skin layers and having:
a thickness Ep between (−2.5×Ea+0.713) and (−2.5×Ea+0.88),
a density dp between 0.9 and 1.4,
a volume fraction Rp greater than or equal to 0.2 and strictly less than 1,
a Young's modulus Yp lower than 4000 MPa, and
where the volume fraction Rp and the Young's modulus Yp satisfy the inequality: Yp*(0.49*Rp 2+0.23*Rp+1/(Yp*(1−Rp)))≥50 MPa
24. The sandwich structure according to claim 23, wherein the steel thickness Ea is between 0.141 mm and 0.158 mm and the thickness Ep of polymeric layer is between (−2.5×Ea+0.73) and (−2.5×Ea+0.87).
25. The sandwich structure according to claim 23, wherein the polymeric layer includes a mixture of a polyamide and a copolymer of ethylene and unsaturated carboxylic acid or a derivative thereof.
26. A sandwich structure obtainable by the process according to claim 15 for a 0.8 mm aluminum target with Tc=28.0 N/mm, Bc=7.2 N/mm, Mc=2.16 Kg/m2 and a tolerance of 10%, with the sandwich structure comprising:
two steel skin layers with steel thickness Ea between 0.118 mm and 0.146 mm;
a polymeric layer intercalated between two skin layers and having:
a thickness Ep between (−2.5×Ea+0.632) and (−2.5×Ea+0.75),
a density dp between 0.9 and 1.4,
a volume fraction Rp greater than or equal to 0.2 and strictly less than 1,
a Young's modulus Yp lower than 4000 MPa,
where the volume fraction Rp and the Young's modulus Yp satisfy the inequality:

Y p*(0.49*R p 2+0.23*R p+1/(Y p*(1−R p)))≥50 MPa
27. The sandwich structure according to claim 26, wherein the steel thickness Ea is between 0.126 mm and 0.140 mm and the polymeric layer thickness Ep is between (−2.5×Ea+0.646) and (−2.5×Ea+0.728).
28. The sandwich structure according to claim 26, wherein the polymeric layer includes a mixture of a polyamide and a copolymer of ethylene and unsaturated carboxylic acid or a derivative thereof.
US15/741,288 2015-07-07 2016-07-07 Method for producing a sandwich structure Active 2036-12-21 US11046054B2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
WOPCT/IB2015/001135 2015-07-07
PCT/IB2015/001135 WO2017006143A1 (en) 2015-07-07 2015-07-07 Method for producing a sandwich structure
IBPCT/IB2015/001135 2015-07-07
PCT/IB2016/000972 WO2017006174A1 (en) 2015-07-07 2016-07-07 Method for producing a sandwich structure

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20180200993A1 true US20180200993A1 (en) 2018-07-19
US11046054B2 US11046054B2 (en) 2021-06-29

Family

ID=54015124

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US15/741,288 Active 2036-12-21 US11046054B2 (en) 2015-07-07 2016-07-07 Method for producing a sandwich structure

Country Status (16)

Country Link
US (1) US11046054B2 (en)
EP (1) EP3319793B1 (en)
JP (1) JP6580246B2 (en)
KR (1) KR101913084B1 (en)
CN (1) CN107735249B (en)
BR (1) BR112017028146B1 (en)
CA (1) CA2999348C (en)
ES (1) ES2746133T3 (en)
HU (1) HUE045246T2 (en)
MA (1) MA42400B1 (en)
MX (1) MX2017017123A (en)
PL (1) PL3319793T3 (en)
RU (1) RU2669846C1 (en)
UA (1) UA120787C2 (en)
WO (2) WO2017006143A1 (en)
ZA (1) ZA201708640B (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11433639B2 (en) 2017-11-14 2022-09-06 Hanwha Chemical Corporation Lightweight sandwich steel sheet using polyamide, and manufacturing method therefor

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20060269701A1 (en) * 2003-08-07 2006-11-30 Antoine Gauriat Metal-polyamide/polyethylene-metal laminate
WO2012019233A1 (en) * 2010-08-13 2012-02-16 The University Of Melbourne Method of manufacturing metal objects with desired structural characteristics

Family Cites Families (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4313996A (en) * 1979-05-21 1982-02-02 The Dow Chemical Company Formable metal-plastic-metal structural laminates
US4601941A (en) 1984-09-07 1986-07-22 Shell Oil Company High heat metal-polymer laminate
JP4269007B2 (en) * 1999-02-05 2009-05-27 矢野 明 A laminated composite plate in which a stainless steel plate and a foamed resin core material are laminated, and a method for manufacturing the same.
JP3585848B2 (en) 2001-01-05 2004-11-04 株式会社ホクビー Emulsion for processed meat and processed meat using it
FR2859943B1 (en) 2003-09-23 2007-07-13 Rhodia Industrial Yarns Ag COMPOSITE STRUCTURE
DE102007046226A1 (en) 2007-09-26 2009-04-09 Thyssenkrupp Steel Ag Method for producing a lightweight sheet
JP5176672B2 (en) 2008-04-25 2013-04-03 新日鐵住金株式会社 Foamed polyester resin sheet laminated steel sheet and manufacturing method thereof
PL2649107T3 (en) 2010-12-10 2017-08-31 Arcelormittal Blend of polymers having yield stress and use thereof for the manufacture of metal-polymer composites
DE102011082697B4 (en) * 2011-09-14 2020-04-23 Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. Laminate, process for its production and its use
DE102012103332A1 (en) * 2012-04-17 2013-10-17 Thyssenkrupp Steel Europe Ag Method for producing large lightweight sheets
DE102012106206A1 (en) * 2012-07-10 2014-01-16 Thyssenkrupp Steel Europe Ag Sandwich panel and process for its production

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20060269701A1 (en) * 2003-08-07 2006-11-30 Antoine Gauriat Metal-polyamide/polyethylene-metal laminate
WO2012019233A1 (en) * 2010-08-13 2012-02-16 The University Of Melbourne Method of manufacturing metal objects with desired structural characteristics

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11433639B2 (en) 2017-11-14 2022-09-06 Hanwha Chemical Corporation Lightweight sandwich steel sheet using polyamide, and manufacturing method therefor

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2017006174A1 (en) 2017-01-12
UA120787C2 (en) 2020-02-10
JP6580246B2 (en) 2019-09-25
PL3319793T3 (en) 2019-12-31
MX2017017123A (en) 2018-03-14
MA42400B1 (en) 2019-09-30
WO2017006143A1 (en) 2017-01-12
US11046054B2 (en) 2021-06-29
BR112017028146B1 (en) 2022-04-05
JP2018520026A (en) 2018-07-26
KR101913084B1 (en) 2018-10-29
CN107735249B (en) 2019-06-04
KR20180011844A (en) 2018-02-02
RU2669846C1 (en) 2018-10-16
MA42400A (en) 2018-05-16
EP3319793A1 (en) 2018-05-16
CA2999348C (en) 2020-03-10
ZA201708640B (en) 2022-03-30
EP3319793B1 (en) 2019-06-26
CN107735249A (en) 2018-02-23
BR112017028146A2 (en) 2018-08-28
ES2746133T3 (en) 2020-03-04
CA2999348A1 (en) 2017-01-12
HUE045246T2 (en) 2019-12-30

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
KR102301116B1 (en) Method for producing a steel component having a metal coating protecting it against corrosion, and steel component
JP5386170B2 (en) Method for producing multi-phase microstructure steel parts
WO2014118210A1 (en) Fibre-composite-hybrid components
US10689725B2 (en) Method for producing a component having improved elongation at break properties
EP3386737B1 (en) Method for producing a semi-finished part or component from metal and composite
US20150298399A1 (en) Method for producing a semi-finished product or component comprising a metal carrier and a hardenable coating with fibre-reinforced plastic
MX2014013008A (en) Method for producing a metal sheet having zn-al-mg coatings, comprising the application of an acid solution and an adhesive, and corresponding metal sheet and assembly.
WO2006109522A1 (en) Hot-dip galvanized steel sheet and alloyed hot-dip galvanized steel sheet
US11046054B2 (en) Method for producing a sandwich structure
WO2015185072A2 (en) Composite steel sheet
KR101954562B1 (en) Panel for vehicle comprising a coated steel sheet locally reinforced
JP7311750B2 (en) Metal-carbon fiber reinforced resin material composite and method for producing metal-carbon fiber reinforced resin material composite
JP6750964B2 (en) Method for manufacturing aluminum alloy material
DE102014206022A1 (en) Metal-plastic hybrid component
CN111936307A (en) Metal-carbon fiber reinforced resin material composite and method for producing metal-carbon fiber reinforced resin material composite
KR20120117766A (en) A reinforced polymer composite
JP2003523853A (en) Moldable laminated composite metal sheet, method for producing the same, and vehicle body parts obtained therefrom
CA2975244C (en) Method for producing coated metal strip
WO2020067430A1 (en) Bonded/joined structure and component for automobiles

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
FEPP Fee payment procedure

Free format text: ENTITY STATUS SET TO UNDISCOUNTED (ORIGINAL EVENT CODE: BIG.); ENTITY STATUS OF PATENT OWNER: LARGE ENTITY

AS Assignment

Owner name: ARCELORMITTAL, LUXEMBOURG

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:JACQUET, DENIS;REEL/FRAME:045505/0213

Effective date: 20180306

STPP Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general

Free format text: DOCKETED NEW CASE - READY FOR EXAMINATION

STPP Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general

Free format text: NON FINAL ACTION MAILED

STPP Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general

Free format text: RESPONSE TO NON-FINAL OFFICE ACTION ENTERED AND FORWARDED TO EXAMINER

STPP Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general

Free format text: NON FINAL ACTION MAILED

STPP Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general

Free format text: RESPONSE TO NON-FINAL OFFICE ACTION ENTERED AND FORWARDED TO EXAMINER

STPP Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general

Free format text: FINAL REJECTION MAILED

STPP Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general

Free format text: RESPONSE TO NON-FINAL OFFICE ACTION ENTERED AND FORWARDED TO EXAMINER

STPP Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general

Free format text: NOTICE OF ALLOWANCE MAILED -- APPLICATION RECEIVED IN OFFICE OF PUBLICATIONS

STPP Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general

Free format text: PUBLICATIONS -- ISSUE FEE PAYMENT RECEIVED

STPP Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general

Free format text: PUBLICATIONS -- ISSUE FEE PAYMENT VERIFIED

STCF Information on status: patent grant

Free format text: PATENTED CASE