US20180189929A1 - Adjusting margins in book page images - Google Patents
Adjusting margins in book page images Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20180189929A1 US20180189929A1 US15/908,668 US201815908668A US2018189929A1 US 20180189929 A1 US20180189929 A1 US 20180189929A1 US 201815908668 A US201815908668 A US 201815908668A US 2018189929 A1 US2018189929 A1 US 2018189929A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- book page
- text
- book
- dimensions
- sequence
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 46
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 23
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000012015 optical character recognition Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000012552 review Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009191 jumping Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009897 systematic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011071 total organic carbon measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T3/00—Geometric image transformations in the plane of the image
- G06T3/40—Scaling of whole images or parts thereof, e.g. expanding or contracting
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
- G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
- G06F3/048—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI]
- G06F3/0481—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI] based on specific properties of the displayed interaction object or a metaphor-based environment, e.g. interaction with desktop elements like windows or icons, or assisted by a cursor's changing behaviour or appearance
- G06F3/0483—Interaction with page-structured environments, e.g. book metaphor
Definitions
- the subject matter of this application is generally related to formatting content for presentation on a display area.
- Electronic books can be purchased and downloaded from e-bookstores online and read on various devices, such as personal computers, personal digital assistants (PDAs), pocket-PCs, mobile phones, media player/recorders, dedicated e-book readers, etc.
- An e-book is typically a collection of digital objects or documents, which are packaged and formatted with the intention of being displayed on a device or read by a speech generating application.
- E-books can be distributed over a network as a sequence of images, for example, one image for each page.
- E-books that are distributed over a network e.g., the Internet, wireless network
- Hypertext Mark-up Language HTML
- Microsoft® Internet Explorer e.g., Microsoft® Internet Explorer
- a user interface (e.g., a browser window) includes a display area for displaying an image (e.g., a book page image).
- the image can be rescaled based on the dimensions of the display area and other factors.
- a method includes: receiving an image having a content space including content and at least one margin proximate to the content; determining the margin size; adjusting the margin size to modify the content space; and rescaling the image content to substantially fill the content space.
- implementations are disclosed, including implementations directed to systems, methods, apparatuses, computer-readable mediums and user interfaces.
- FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary viewport for displaying images.
- FIG. 3 is a flow diagram for an exemplary margin adjustment process.
- FIG. 4 is a flow diagram for an exemplary table of contents creation process.
- FIG. 5 is a block diagram of an exemplary viewport system architecture.
- FIG. 6 is a screen shot illustrating an exemplary table of contents including links.
- FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary viewport 102 for displaying an image 104 .
- the viewport 102 is displayed in a user interface 100 (e.g., a browser window).
- the viewport 102 is used to view book page images in an e-book application.
- the viewport 102 can be used to view other types of content (e.g., news articles, magazines, newspapers, .pdfs, blogs).
- the viewport 102 can be provided by a server (e.g., a web server) over a network (e.g., the Internet, wireless network).
- a server e.g., a web server
- a network e.g., the Internet, wireless network
- the viewport 102 can be presented on a web page interface for a book search engine.
- a user can enter a search term (e.g., the title of a book) in a search box 112 , and click a button 114 to begin or otherwise activate the search process.
- a book search engine is GoogleTM Book Search, developed by Google Inc. (Mountain View, Calif.).
- the search results can be presented to the user with other information (e.g., a summary, image) and a link to allow the user to view one or more pages of the book.
- a book page image 104 can be presented in a display area 108 of the viewport 102 .
- the book page image 104 typically includes book page content 106 (e.g., text, images), which can be set-off by margins.
- the book page image is a digital image of an actual book page.
- a single page layout or a two page layout (pages displayed side by side) can be displayed in the display area 108 of the viewport 102 .
- a panel 110 can be displayed (e.g., side panel as shown) for presenting information related to the book.
- information can include, but is not limited to: title, author, summary or forward, title page link, copyright link, table of contents (TOC) link, index link, links to book retailers, library search link, a book search engine for searching for particular terms inside the book, etc.
- TOC table of contents
- the user can navigate (e.g., flip) through book pages using the controls 116 (e.g., arrow buttons).
- the controls 116 can change according to the image that is displayed in the viewport 102 .
- the user can enter a page number into a search box and go directly to that page without incrementing through other pages.
- An example of a search box is the search box 608 shown in FIG. 6 .
- the controls 116 can be provided.
- Other controls for navigating a book can be included, such as scroll bars, buttons, links, speech command recognition, multi-touch displays, etc.
- the viewport 102 (and the book page image contained therein) rescales with the user interface 100 .
- the user interface 100 may be manually resized for display using an input device (e.g., a mouse), or the viewport 102 may be automatically resized for display by an application or operating system of a device that may have a limited screen space (e.g., a portable computer, mobile phone, media player/recorder, PDA).
- a limited screen space e.g., a portable computer, mobile phone, media player/recorder, PDA.
- FIG. 2 is a flow diagram for an exemplary scaling process 200 .
- the process 200 begins when a viewport is launched in a user interface (e.g., a browser window) in response to a trigger event.
- the dimensions of the viewport can be determined from default values or based on the current size of the user interface ( 202 ). For example, if a user clicks a link corresponding to a result of a book search, the viewport can be launched based on default settings, and a default image can be displayed in the viewport (e.g., a title page or first page of a book).
- books are previously scanned and processed to extract and/or determine information (e.g., dimensions) that can be used to later manage the display of images in a viewport.
- information e.g., dimensions
- Such processing can include, but is not limited to: determining a typical text bounding box for the book page images, determining a text bounding box for each book page image, removing artifacts in book page images (e.g., artifacts due to systematic scanning error), etc.
- the selected book page image can be retrieved from an image repository ( 204 ) or other suitable data structure for storing images (e.g., cache memory).
- the image is scaled to fit in the viewport given the current dimensions of the viewport and other factors ( 206 ).
- the user is provided with zoom controls with predetermined zoom “stops”.
- the zoom stops can be set as a function of viewport size (e.g., height, width).
- the zoom stops fit the image to the height and/or width of the viewport.
- the zoom stops can have absolute bounds to prevent the image from being made arbitrarily large or small.
- the scaled image is displayed in the viewport ( 208 ). If the user interface (e.g., browser window) is resized ( 210 ), then the viewport can be re-sized based on the current dimensions of the user interface ( 212 ) and the process 200 returns to step 206 . Alternatively, the viewport can be maintained based on user settings or preferences. For example, a user may want the size of the viewport to remain fixed when the user interface is resized.
- the dimensions of the viewport 102 are provided by a window manager service, which is commonly included as part of an operating system (e.g., Windows XP).
- a window manager service which is commonly included as part of an operating system (e.g., Windows XP).
- Other factors that can be used to scale an image for display in the viewport can include, but are not limited to:
- scaling can be determined empirically using some principles (e.g., rules, guidelines, options, etc.). Some exemplary principles for determining a scaled size include, but are not limited to:
- a bounding box of the text on the page can be padded. If the padded bounding box is “close” to fitting in the display area 108 of the viewport 102 , then the image is scaled to fit the display area 108 . In some implementations, the scaling is performed provided the text does not drop below a minimum x-height. In some implementations, the bounding box is “close” to fitting in the viewport if a certain portion (e.g., a percentage) of the bounding box fits within the viewport. Otherwise, more than one “viewportful” of vertical space may be needed to display the page.
- a certain portion e.g., a percentage
- any given book page image can have a fixed aspect ratio
- the viewport 102 containing the book page image does not have to have a fixed aspect ratio.
- the image could be long and narrow if the whole page is being displayed or short and wide if the top half of the page is displayed.
- the page image can be scaled to a size so that a predetermined percentage of the page image fits in the viewport 102 (e.g., the top 55% of the page).
- a predetermined percentage of the page image fits in the viewport 102 (e.g., the top 55% of the page).
- the remaining portion of the page image can be displayed in the viewport 102 (e.g., the bottom 55% of the page), rather than a new page.
- a separate control e.g., a toggle button
- a scaled image is displayed by default.
- a zoom feature can be included that allows the user to zoom between a scaled image and the image with its original dimensions.
- software can be used to implement a multi-stage zoom.
- a zoom dropdown menu can be presented to the user with options such as 50%, 75%, default (the scaled size), zoom to fit, or actual size. Once a size is set, the size can persist from image to image.
- images e.g., the next book page image of the sequence
- the user is presented with zoom controls upon display of a default page.
- the zoom controls allow users to zoom-in or zoom-out the book page images.
- the zoom controls can include zoom “stops” which can be customized using, for example, information about the image that was previously determined during a scanning process (e.g., image dimensions).
- the zoom “stops” can be zoom percentages (e.g., 10%, 38%) that have been customized to provide better user experience for the particular image being zoomed and the particular viewport size.
- FIG. 3 is a flow diagram for an exemplary margin adjusting process 300 . Since book page images are digital images of actual book pages, the sometimes ample margins used in a conventional book are captured in the digital image. Such ample margins, however, can diminish the readability of the book in electronic form. The process 300 makes small adjustments to book page margins in the digital domain to maximize readability of book page images.
- the process 300 begins by retrieving an image including content and margins from an image repository ( 302 ).
- the process 300 determines whether margins exist, and if margins exist, also determines the dimensions of the margins ( 304 ). For example, the process 300 can look for white space in the outer portion of a page image to determine if page margins exist. If page margins exist, then a difference between page dimensions and a text bounding box can be calculated to determine page margin dimensions. Once the margin dimensions are known, standard image cropping or magnifying techniques can be used to adjust (e.g., trim or increase) the margins based on the margin dimensions to provide appropriate (e.g., additional or less) space for the content ( 306 ).
- the image content (e.g., text) can be rescaled to fill the space provided by the margin adjusting ( 308 ).
- the book page images with adjusted margins can be stored in an image repository (e.g., image repository 504 ) for future retrieval when a user requests a book page having a particular scale ( 310 ).
- cropping rules are used to provide a uniform presentation of images in the viewport.
- each book page image in a sequence of book page images can have a designated anchor point, such as the top left-hand corner of the book page image, which can be used to anchor the text in substantially the same location of the image.
- a template can be used to scale each image in a uniform manner.
- the template can be a page bounding box with standard dimensions (height, width). The dimensions of the template bounding box can be determined by processing an entire image sequence and determining a typical height and width of the text in the image sequence (e.g., a median height and width). If a given text is close to the template bounding box, than the template is used. Otherwise, the text is processed, as described in reference to FIG. 2 .
- FIG. 4 is a flow diagram for an exemplary TOC creation process 400 .
- a TOC is presented in the viewport 102 with hypertext links to other pages in a book page sequence.
- the process 400 begins by retrieving a book page sequence for an image repository ( 402 ).
- the book page sequence is searched using, for example, an OCR engine, to identify which images contain a TOC.
- Various clues, attributes or heuristics can be used to determine whether an image includes a TOC. For example, an image can be determined to be a TOC if the image contains white space, text with large fonts (e.g., a large title), ellipses, roman numerals, italicized text, or any other attributes associated with TOCs.
- Some or all of these clues, attributes or heuristics can be combined into a score, which can be compared to a reference to determine whether a TOC has been found.
- the image is tagged ( 408 ) and hypertext links are created for one or more (e.g., each) of the TOC entries ( 410 ) and embedded in the TOC image.
- the TOC image, including the links, can then be presented in the viewport 102 .
- the various clues, attributes and heuristics can be used to determine breaks in the book page sequence ( 412 ). For example, the first page of each chapter or section in a book can be identified as a break in the book page sequence. The breaks in content can then be used to create a TOC ( 414 ). For example, the first page of each chapter or section of a book can be the entries of the TOC. Chapter and/or section title names used in the book can be used for naming entry points in the created TOC, if available. Otherwise, names can be created for the TOC entry points, for example, “Section 1”, “Section 2”, . . . , “Section N”.
- links can be created for the TOC entries, and the TOC, including the links, can be presented in the viewport 102 , as described in reference to FIG. 6 .
- the first few sentences or paragraphs of each chapter or section of a book can be displayed in a panel (e.g., a side panel 612 in FIG. 6 ).
- FIG. 5 is a block diagram of an exemplary viewport system architecture 500 .
- the architecture 500 includes one or more processors 502 (e.g., dual-core Intel® Xeon® Processors), an image repository 504 , one or more network interfaces 506 , an optional administrative computer 508 and one or more computer-readable mediums 510 (e.g., RAM, ROM, SDRAM, hard disk, optical disk, flash memory, SAN, etc.).
- These components can exchange communications and data over one or more communication channels 512 (e.g., Ethernet, Enterprise Service Bus, PCI, PCI-Express, etc.), which can include various known network devices (e.g., routers, hubs, gateways, buses) and utilize software (e.g., middleware) for facilitating the transfer of data and control signals between devices.
- communication channels 512 e.g., Ethernet, Enterprise Service Bus, PCI, PCI-Express, etc.
- network devices e.g., routers, hubs, gateways, buses
- software e.g., middleware
- computer-readable medium refers to any medium that participates in providing instructions to a processor 502 for execution, including without limitation, non-volatile media (e.g., optical or magnetic disks), volatile media (e.g., memory) and transmission media.
- Transmission media includes, without limitation, coaxial cables, copper wire and fiber optics. Transmission media can also take the form of acoustic, light or radio frequency waves.
- the computer-readable medium 510 further includes an operating system 514 (e.g., Mac OS® server, Windows® NT server), a network communication module 516 and viewport system 518 .
- the operating system 514 can be multi-user, multiprocessing, multitasking, multithreading, real time, etc.
- the operating system 514 performs basic tasks, including but not limited to: recognizing input from and providing output to the administrator computer 508 ; keeping track and managing files and directories on computer-readable mediums 510 (e.g., memory or a storage device); controlling peripheral devices (e.g., repositories 504 ); and managing traffic on the one or more communication channels 512 .
- the network communications module 516 includes various components for establishing and maintaining network connections (e.g., software for implementing communication protocols, such as TCP/IP, HTTP, etc.).
- the viewport system 518 includes a web server 520 , a scaling process 522 , a margin adjusting process 524 , a TOC creation process 526 , a reference page creation process 528 and an OCR engine 530 . These components are described in reference to FIGS. 1-4 .
- the architecture 500 is one example of a suitable architecture for hosting a viewport system. Other architectures are possible, which can include more or fewer components.
- the image repository 504 and computer-readable medium 510 can be the same storage device or separate storage devices.
- the components of architecture 500 can be located in the same facility or distributed among several facilities.
- the architecture 500 can be implemented in a parallel processing or peer-to-peer infrastructure or on a single device with one or more processors.
- the viewport system 518 can include multiple software components or it can be a single body of code. Some or all of the functionality of the viewport system 518 can be provided as a service to clients over a network. In such a case, these entities may need to install client applications. Some or all of the functionality of the viewport system 518 can be provided as part of a search engine application.
- FIG. 6 is a screen shot illustrating an exemplary TOC 604 including links 610 .
- the TOC 604 can be displayed on a book search engine web page 602 displayed in a web browser window 600 .
- Controls 608 can be provided for navigating the pages of the book.
- the controls 608 include buttons for flipping pages and a search box for jumping the user directly to a desired page.
- a panel 612 included on the web page 602 is a panel 612 (e.g., the side panel shown) including information and links related to the book, as described in reference to FIG. 1 .
- the TOC 604 including the links 610 , can be generated using the process 400 described in reference to FIG. 4 .
- the user search for the book “Huckleberry Finn” using the book search engine.
- a default book page image is displayed (e.g., a title page).
- an image of the TOC 604 will be displayed, including links 610 . If the user clicks or otherwise interacts with a links 610 , a book page image in a sequence of book page images responsive to the link will be displayed.
- FIG. 7 is a screen shot illustrating an exemplary book reference page 700 .
- the reference page 700 includes a summary section 701 , a contents section 702 , a review section 704 , a pages with images section 706 and a key words section 708 .
- the book reference page 700 is one example of a book reference page. Other configurations and formats for a book reference page are possible.
- the summary section 701 includes a thumbnail image of the book's cover and basic information, such as, for example, title, author, publisher, number of pages, ISBN number, language, physical dimensions, format (i.e., paperback, hardback, e-book), etc.
- the contents section 702 includes links to various chapters or sections of the book, and can list keywords that can be found in those chapters or sections.
- a viewport is presented which allows the user to navigate pages of the chapter or section of the book corresponding to the link using navigation controls (e.g., controls 116 ).
- the review section 704 includes links to book reviews and other information about the book, including reviewer ratings.
- the pages with images section 706 displays thumbnails of pages of the book that includes images. If the user clicks on the image, the page with the image corresponding to the clicked thumbnail will be displayed in a viewport. If the viewport is not already presented, the viewport will be invoked in response to the click on the thumbnail image.
- the key words section 708 includes categories of keywords contained in the book.
- the keywords can be links that when clicked cause the book page or pages containing the keyword to be displayed a viewport. If the viewport is not already presented, the viewport will be invoked in response to the click on the keyword link.
- the various information contained on the book reference page 700 can be gathered from the book, the World Wide Web and any other online resources.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Human Computer Interaction (AREA)
- Processing Or Creating Images (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- This is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 14/284,625, filed on May 22, 2014, which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 11/543,722, filed on Oct. 4, 2006 (now U.S. Pat. No. 8,782,551). The disclosures of the prior applications are considered part of and are incorporated by reference in the disclosure of this application.
- The subject matter of this application is generally related to formatting content for presentation on a display area.
- Information technology has provided new ways of publishing books, newspapers, magazines and periodicals. Electronic books (“e-books”) can be purchased and downloaded from e-bookstores online and read on various devices, such as personal computers, personal digital assistants (PDAs), pocket-PCs, mobile phones, media player/recorders, dedicated e-book readers, etc. An e-book is typically a collection of digital objects or documents, which are packaged and formatted with the intention of being displayed on a device or read by a speech generating application. E-books can be distributed over a network as a sequence of images, for example, one image for each page. E-books that are distributed over a network (e.g., the Internet, wireless network) using Hypertext Mark-up Language (HTML) can be read using a standard browser (e.g., Microsoft® Internet Explorer).
- Conventional e-book technology suffers several drawbacks. For example, exploring an e-book typically requires horizontal motion (flipping through pages) and vertical motion (scrolling within every page), which makes regular sequential reading of book pages frustrating. Another drawback is the poor use of free space on large display screens and limited space on small display screens.
- A user interface (e.g., a browser window) includes a display area for displaying an image (e.g., a book page image). The image can be rescaled based on the dimensions of the display area and other factors.
- In some implementations, a method includes: receiving an image having a content space including content and at least one margin proximate to the content; determining the margin size; adjusting the margin size to modify the content space; and rescaling the image content to substantially fill the content space.
- Other implementations are disclosed, including implementations directed to systems, methods, apparatuses, computer-readable mediums and user interfaces.
-
FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary viewport for displaying images. -
FIG. 2 is a flow diagram for an exemplary scaling process for the viewport ofFIG. 1 . -
FIG. 3 is a flow diagram for an exemplary margin adjustment process. -
FIG. 4 is a flow diagram for an exemplary table of contents creation process. -
FIG. 5 is a block diagram of an exemplary viewport system architecture. -
FIG. 6 is a screen shot illustrating an exemplary table of contents including links. -
FIG. 7 is a screen shot illustrating an exemplary book reference page. -
FIG. 1 illustrates anexemplary viewport 102 for displaying animage 104. In some implementations, theviewport 102 is displayed in a user interface 100 (e.g., a browser window). In the example shown, theviewport 102 is used to view book page images in an e-book application. Theviewport 102, however, can be used to view other types of content (e.g., news articles, magazines, newspapers, .pdfs, blogs). - The
viewport 102 can be provided by a server (e.g., a web server) over a network (e.g., the Internet, wireless network). In the example shown, theviewport 102 can be presented on a web page interface for a book search engine. A user can enter a search term (e.g., the title of a book) in asearch box 112, and click abutton 114 to begin or otherwise activate the search process. An example of a book search engine is Google™ Book Search, developed by Google Inc. (Mountain View, Calif.). - The search results can be presented to the user with other information (e.g., a summary, image) and a link to allow the user to view one or more pages of the book. For example, when the user clicks the link corresponding to a book the user wants to review, a
book page image 104 can be presented in adisplay area 108 of theviewport 102. Thebook page image 104 typically includes book page content 106 (e.g., text, images), which can be set-off by margins. In some implementations, the book page image is a digital image of an actual book page. In some implementations, a single page layout or a two page layout (pages displayed side by side) can be displayed in thedisplay area 108 of theviewport 102. - In addition to the
viewport 102, apanel 110 can be displayed (e.g., side panel as shown) for presenting information related to the book. Such information can include, but is not limited to: title, author, summary or forward, title page link, copyright link, table of contents (TOC) link, index link, links to book retailers, library search link, a book search engine for searching for particular terms inside the book, etc. For example, if the user clicks the TOC link, then an image of the book's TOC will be displayed in theviewport 102, as shown inFIG. 6 . - The user can navigate (e.g., flip) through book pages using the controls 116 (e.g., arrow buttons). By clicking the
controls 116, the book page images can be displayed in two directions. Thecontrols 116 can change according to the image that is displayed in theviewport 102. In some implementations where an entire book is viewable, the user can enter a page number into a search box and go directly to that page without incrementing through other pages. An example of a search box is thesearch box 608 shown inFIG. 6 . In other implementations where only a few consecutive pages can be navigated (e.g., first few pages of a chapter), thecontrols 116 can be provided. Other controls for navigating a book can be included, such as scroll bars, buttons, links, speech command recognition, multi-touch displays, etc. - In some implementations, the viewport 102 (and the book page image contained therein) rescales with the
user interface 100. For example, theuser interface 100 may be manually resized for display using an input device (e.g., a mouse), or theviewport 102 may be automatically resized for display by an application or operating system of a device that may have a limited screen space (e.g., a portable computer, mobile phone, media player/recorder, PDA). To create a more comfortable user experience for extended reading, it is desirable to manage the screen space for displaying the book pages. This can be accomplished by filling theviewport 102 with abook page image 104 that has been rescaled to a size determined by theavailable display area 108 in the viewport 102 (i.e., the viewport dimensions) and other factors, which are described in reference toFIG. 2 . -
FIG. 2 is a flow diagram for anexemplary scaling process 200. In some implementations, theprocess 200 begins when a viewport is launched in a user interface (e.g., a browser window) in response to a trigger event. The dimensions of the viewport can be determined from default values or based on the current size of the user interface (202). For example, if a user clicks a link corresponding to a result of a book search, the viewport can be launched based on default settings, and a default image can be displayed in the viewport (e.g., a title page or first page of a book). In some implementations, books are previously scanned and processed to extract and/or determine information (e.g., dimensions) that can be used to later manage the display of images in a viewport. Such processing can include, but is not limited to: determining a typical text bounding box for the book page images, determining a text bounding box for each book page image, removing artifacts in book page images (e.g., artifacts due to systematic scanning error), etc. - If the user clicks a control to select a different book page, the selected book page image can be retrieved from an image repository (204) or other suitable data structure for storing images (e.g., cache memory). In some implementations, the image is scaled to fit in the viewport given the current dimensions of the viewport and other factors (206). In other implementations, the user is provided with zoom controls with predetermined zoom “stops”. The zoom stops can be set as a function of viewport size (e.g., height, width). The zoom stops fit the image to the height and/or width of the viewport. The zoom stops can have absolute bounds to prevent the image from being made arbitrarily large or small.
- The scaled image is displayed in the viewport (208). If the user interface (e.g., browser window) is resized (210), then the viewport can be re-sized based on the current dimensions of the user interface (212) and the
process 200 returns to step 206. Alternatively, the viewport can be maintained based on user settings or preferences. For example, a user may want the size of the viewport to remain fixed when the user interface is resized. - In some implementations, the dimensions of the
viewport 102 are provided by a window manager service, which is commonly included as part of an operating system (e.g., Windows XP). Other factors that can be used to scale an image for display in the viewport can include, but are not limited to: -
- the x-height (approximately the line height in pixels) of text on the book page, which can be provided by an optical character recognition (OCR) system, such as the Tesseract OCR engine developed by Hewlett-Packard, Inc.;
- a bounding box for text on the book page image, as given by margin recognition or the user's current browser text size; and
- the user's current browser text size. For example, text can be rendered to a hidden portion of the user interface (e.g., a browser window) and measured to estimate the user's browser text size, and a scale factor can be determined from the measurement for correcting the image size.
- In some implementations, scaling can be determined empirically using some principles (e.g., rules, guidelines, options, etc.). Some exemplary principles for determining a scaled size include, but are not limited to:
-
- Rule 1: At the scaled size there should not be horizontal scrolling within the viewport.
- Rule 2: At the scaled size, the height “x” should not be below a threshold value of N (e.g., 10 or 12 pixels).
- Guideline 1: If the text on the book page image is “close” to fitting in the viewport (vertically), the scaled size image should fit entirely in the viewport. In some implementations, the scaling can be performed by a user with “zoom” controls having zoom “stops” that are customized to the particular image being zoomed.
- Guideline 2: In general, minimize the number of times the viewport is filled to consume a book page image. This minimization can be achieved in part through margin cropping, as described in reference to
FIG. 3 .
- In some implementations, a bounding box of the text on the page can be padded. If the padded bounding box is “close” to fitting in the
display area 108 of theviewport 102, then the image is scaled to fit thedisplay area 108. In some implementations, the scaling is performed provided the text does not drop below a minimum x-height. In some implementations, the bounding box is “close” to fitting in the viewport if a certain portion (e.g., a percentage) of the bounding box fits within the viewport. Otherwise, more than one “viewportful” of vertical space may be needed to display the page. - Although any given book page image can have a fixed aspect ratio, the
viewport 102 containing the book page image does not have to have a fixed aspect ratio. The image could be long and narrow if the whole page is being displayed or short and wide if the top half of the page is displayed. Thus, there can be at least two options: -
- Option 1: Minimize the number of “viewportfuls” needed to show a single book page image, at the expense of text size (e.g., place as much text into the viewport as possible by scaling down the text until the text reaches nearly the minimum line height).
- Option 2: Scale the image up to get larger text, at the cost of needing more “viewportfuls” to consume a single book page. The upper bound on the up scaling can be set by
Rule 1—no horizontal scrolling. This approach can be better suited for a shorter, wider viewport.
- In some implementations, the page image can be scaled to a size so that a predetermined percentage of the page image fits in the viewport 102 (e.g., the top 55% of the page). When the user clicks the
controls 116, the remaining portion of the page image can be displayed in the viewport 102 (e.g., the bottom 55% of the page), rather than a new page. Alternatively, a separate control (e.g., a toggle button) can be provided for handling the scenario described above. - In some implementations, a scaled image is displayed by default. A zoom feature can be included that allows the user to zoom between a scaled image and the image with its original dimensions. Alternatively, software can be used to implement a multi-stage zoom. For example, a zoom dropdown menu can be presented to the user with options such as 50%, 75%, default (the scaled size), zoom to fit, or actual size. Once a size is set, the size can persist from image to image. In some implementations, images (e.g., the next book page image of the sequence) can be aggressively preloaded, pre-scaled and potentially pre-rendered at the selected size.
- In some implementations, the user is presented with zoom controls upon display of a default page. The zoom controls allow users to zoom-in or zoom-out the book page images. The zoom controls can include zoom “stops” which can be customized using, for example, information about the image that was previously determined during a scanning process (e.g., image dimensions). The zoom “stops” can be zoom percentages (e.g., 10%, 38%) that have been customized to provide better user experience for the particular image being zoomed and the particular viewport size.
-
FIG. 3 is a flow diagram for an exemplary margin adjusting process 300. Since book page images are digital images of actual book pages, the sometimes ample margins used in a conventional book are captured in the digital image. Such ample margins, however, can diminish the readability of the book in electronic form. The process 300 makes small adjustments to book page margins in the digital domain to maximize readability of book page images. - In some implementations, the process 300 begins by retrieving an image including content and margins from an image repository (302). The process 300 determines whether margins exist, and if margins exist, also determines the dimensions of the margins (304). For example, the process 300 can look for white space in the outer portion of a page image to determine if page margins exist. If page margins exist, then a difference between page dimensions and a text bounding box can be calculated to determine page margin dimensions. Once the margin dimensions are known, standard image cropping or magnifying techniques can be used to adjust (e.g., trim or increase) the margins based on the margin dimensions to provide appropriate (e.g., additional or less) space for the content (306). The image content (e.g., text) can be rescaled to fill the space provided by the margin adjusting (308). In some implementations, the book page images with adjusted margins can be stored in an image repository (e.g., image repository 504) for future retrieval when a user requests a book page having a particular scale (310).
- In some implementations, cropping rules are used to provide a uniform presentation of images in the viewport. For example, each book page image in a sequence of book page images can have a designated anchor point, such as the top left-hand corner of the book page image, which can be used to anchor the text in substantially the same location of the image. When the user navigates through a book page image sequence the presentation of the content in the
viewport 102 will appear uniform. In some implementations, a template can be used to scale each image in a uniform manner. The template can be a page bounding box with standard dimensions (height, width). The dimensions of the template bounding box can be determined by processing an entire image sequence and determining a typical height and width of the text in the image sequence (e.g., a median height and width). If a given text is close to the template bounding box, than the template is used. Otherwise, the text is processed, as described in reference toFIG. 2 . -
FIG. 4 is a flow diagram for an exemplaryTOC creation process 400. In some implementations, a TOC is presented in theviewport 102 with hypertext links to other pages in a book page sequence. - The
process 400 begins by retrieving a book page sequence for an image repository (402). The book page sequence is searched using, for example, an OCR engine, to identify which images contain a TOC. Various clues, attributes or heuristics can be used to determine whether an image includes a TOC. For example, an image can be determined to be a TOC if the image contains white space, text with large fonts (e.g., a large title), ellipses, roman numerals, italicized text, or any other attributes associated with TOCs. Some or all of these clues, attributes or heuristics can be combined into a score, which can be compared to a reference to determine whether a TOC has been found. - If a TOC is found (406), then the image is tagged (408) and hypertext links are created for one or more (e.g., each) of the TOC entries (410) and embedded in the TOC image. The TOC image, including the links, can then be presented in the
viewport 102. - If the TOC is not found (406), the various clues, attributes and heuristics can be used to determine breaks in the book page sequence (412). For example, the first page of each chapter or section in a book can be identified as a break in the book page sequence. The breaks in content can then be used to create a TOC (414). For example, the first page of each chapter or section of a book can be the entries of the TOC. Chapter and/or section title names used in the book can be used for naming entry points in the created TOC, if available. Otherwise, names can be created for the TOC entry points, for example, “
Section 1”, “Section 2”, . . . , “Section N”. - Once the TOC is determined, links can be created for the TOC entries, and the TOC, including the links, can be presented in the
viewport 102, as described in reference toFIG. 6 . In some implementations, rather than embedding links into a TOC, the first few sentences or paragraphs of each chapter or section of a book can be displayed in a panel (e.g., aside panel 612 inFIG. 6 ). -
FIG. 5 is a block diagram of an exemplaryviewport system architecture 500. Other architectures are possible, including architectures with more or fewer components. In some implementations, thearchitecture 500 includes one or more processors 502 (e.g., dual-core Intel® Xeon® Processors), animage repository 504, one ormore network interfaces 506, an optionaladministrative computer 508 and one or more computer-readable mediums 510 (e.g., RAM, ROM, SDRAM, hard disk, optical disk, flash memory, SAN, etc.). These components can exchange communications and data over one or more communication channels 512 (e.g., Ethernet, Enterprise Service Bus, PCI, PCI-Express, etc.), which can include various known network devices (e.g., routers, hubs, gateways, buses) and utilize software (e.g., middleware) for facilitating the transfer of data and control signals between devices. - The term “computer-readable medium” refers to any medium that participates in providing instructions to a
processor 502 for execution, including without limitation, non-volatile media (e.g., optical or magnetic disks), volatile media (e.g., memory) and transmission media. Transmission media includes, without limitation, coaxial cables, copper wire and fiber optics. Transmission media can also take the form of acoustic, light or radio frequency waves. - The computer-
readable medium 510 further includes an operating system 514 (e.g., Mac OS® server, Windows® NT server), anetwork communication module 516 andviewport system 518. Theoperating system 514 can be multi-user, multiprocessing, multitasking, multithreading, real time, etc. Theoperating system 514 performs basic tasks, including but not limited to: recognizing input from and providing output to theadministrator computer 508; keeping track and managing files and directories on computer-readable mediums 510 (e.g., memory or a storage device); controlling peripheral devices (e.g., repositories 504); and managing traffic on the one ormore communication channels 512. Thenetwork communications module 516 includes various components for establishing and maintaining network connections (e.g., software for implementing communication protocols, such as TCP/IP, HTTP, etc.). - The
viewport system 518 includes aweb server 520, ascaling process 522, amargin adjusting process 524, aTOC creation process 526, a referencepage creation process 528 and anOCR engine 530. These components are described in reference toFIGS. 1-4 . - The
architecture 500 is one example of a suitable architecture for hosting a viewport system. Other architectures are possible, which can include more or fewer components. For example, theimage repository 504 and computer-readable medium 510 can be the same storage device or separate storage devices. The components ofarchitecture 500 can be located in the same facility or distributed among several facilities. Thearchitecture 500 can be implemented in a parallel processing or peer-to-peer infrastructure or on a single device with one or more processors. Theviewport system 518 can include multiple software components or it can be a single body of code. Some or all of the functionality of theviewport system 518 can be provided as a service to clients over a network. In such a case, these entities may need to install client applications. Some or all of the functionality of theviewport system 518 can be provided as part of a search engine application. -
FIG. 6 is a screen shot illustrating anexemplary TOC 604 includinglinks 610. In some implementations, theTOC 604 can be displayed on a book searchengine web page 602 displayed in aweb browser window 600.Controls 608 can be provided for navigating the pages of the book. In the example shown, thecontrols 608 include buttons for flipping pages and a search box for jumping the user directly to a desired page. Also, included on theweb page 602 is a panel 612 (e.g., the side panel shown) including information and links related to the book, as described in reference toFIG. 1 . TheTOC 604, including thelinks 610, can be generated using theprocess 400 described in reference toFIG. 4 . - In the example shown, the user search for the book “Huckleberry Finn” using the book search engine. After clicking on a link associated with Huckleberry Finn, a default book page image is displayed (e.g., a title page). Referring to
FIG. 1 , if a user clicks on the table of contents link, then an image of theTOC 604 will be displayed, includinglinks 610. If the user clicks or otherwise interacts with alinks 610, a book page image in a sequence of book page images responsive to the link will be displayed. -
FIG. 7 is a screen shot illustrating an exemplarybook reference page 700. In some implementations, thereference page 700 includes asummary section 701, acontents section 702, areview section 704, a pages withimages section 706 and akey words section 708. Thebook reference page 700 is one example of a book reference page. Other configurations and formats for a book reference page are possible. - The
summary section 701 includes a thumbnail image of the book's cover and basic information, such as, for example, title, author, publisher, number of pages, ISBN number, language, physical dimensions, format (i.e., paperback, hardback, e-book), etc. - The
contents section 702 includes links to various chapters or sections of the book, and can list keywords that can be found in those chapters or sections. When the user clicks a link, a viewport is presented which allows the user to navigate pages of the chapter or section of the book corresponding to the link using navigation controls (e.g., controls 116). - The
review section 704 includes links to book reviews and other information about the book, including reviewer ratings. - The pages with
images section 706 displays thumbnails of pages of the book that includes images. If the user clicks on the image, the page with the image corresponding to the clicked thumbnail will be displayed in a viewport. If the viewport is not already presented, the viewport will be invoked in response to the click on the thumbnail image. - The
key words section 708 includes categories of keywords contained in the book. The keywords can be links that when clicked cause the book page or pages containing the keyword to be displayed a viewport. If the viewport is not already presented, the viewport will be invoked in response to the click on the keyword link. - The various information contained on the
book reference page 700 can be gathered from the book, the World Wide Web and any other online resources. - Various modifications may be made to the disclosed implementations and still be within the scope of the following claims.
Claims (21)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US15/908,668 US20180189929A1 (en) | 2006-10-04 | 2018-02-28 | Adjusting margins in book page images |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US11/543,722 US8782551B1 (en) | 2006-10-04 | 2006-10-04 | Adjusting margins in book page images |
US201414284625A | 2014-05-22 | 2014-05-22 | |
US15/908,668 US20180189929A1 (en) | 2006-10-04 | 2018-02-28 | Adjusting margins in book page images |
Related Parent Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US201414284625A Continuation | 2006-10-04 | 2014-05-22 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20180189929A1 true US20180189929A1 (en) | 2018-07-05 |
Family
ID=51156631
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US11/543,722 Active 2028-05-08 US8782551B1 (en) | 2006-10-04 | 2006-10-04 | Adjusting margins in book page images |
US15/908,668 Abandoned US20180189929A1 (en) | 2006-10-04 | 2018-02-28 | Adjusting margins in book page images |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US11/543,722 Active 2028-05-08 US8782551B1 (en) | 2006-10-04 | 2006-10-04 | Adjusting margins in book page images |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US8782551B1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP5596914B2 (en) * | 2008-09-16 | 2014-09-24 | 富士通株式会社 | Terminal device, display control method, and program having display function |
US9251123B2 (en) * | 2010-11-29 | 2016-02-02 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Systems and methods for converting a PDF file |
US20130145252A1 (en) * | 2011-12-02 | 2013-06-06 | Opera Software Asa | Page based navigation and presentation of web content |
US9373155B2 (en) * | 2012-08-17 | 2016-06-21 | Google Inc. | Search results with structured image sizes |
US20150103092A1 (en) * | 2013-10-16 | 2015-04-16 | Microsoft Corporation | Continuous Image Optimization for Responsive Pages |
US10437918B1 (en) * | 2015-10-07 | 2019-10-08 | Google Llc | Progressive image rendering using pan and zoom |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20030048294A1 (en) * | 2001-09-07 | 2003-03-13 | Switchboard Incorporated | System and method for the creation of interactive display ads |
US20030204816A1 (en) * | 2002-04-25 | 2003-10-30 | Simard Patrice Y. | Layout analysis |
US20030208502A1 (en) * | 2002-05-03 | 2003-11-06 | Xiaofan Lin | Method for determining a logical structure of a document |
US20040164975A1 (en) * | 2002-09-13 | 2004-08-26 | E-Book Systems Pte Ltd | Method, system, apparatus, and computer program product for controlling and browsing a virtual book |
US20050062876A1 (en) * | 2003-06-26 | 2005-03-24 | Kyocera Corporation | Imaging apparatus |
US20070085845A1 (en) * | 2005-10-13 | 2007-04-19 | Pioneer Corporation | Display control apparatus, display method, and computer product |
Family Cites Families (88)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4484826A (en) * | 1981-09-24 | 1984-11-27 | International Business Machines Corporation | Automatic intertext column spacing |
US5021974A (en) * | 1988-09-13 | 1991-06-04 | Microsoft Corporation | Method for updating a display bitmap with a character string or the like |
EP0439087B1 (en) * | 1990-01-25 | 1996-12-11 | Radius Inc. | Method for resizing and moving computer display windows |
CA2096374C (en) * | 1992-05-18 | 2006-08-08 | Michael A. Sandifer | Computer aided maintenance and repair information system for equipment subject to regulatory compliance |
US7401286B1 (en) | 1993-12-02 | 2008-07-15 | Discovery Communications, Inc. | Electronic book electronic links |
US5463725A (en) * | 1992-12-31 | 1995-10-31 | International Business Machines Corp. | Data processing system graphical user interface which emulates printed material |
US5848184A (en) * | 1993-03-15 | 1998-12-08 | Unisys Corporation | Document page analyzer and method |
US7861166B1 (en) * | 1993-12-02 | 2010-12-28 | Discovery Patent Holding, Llc | Resizing document pages to fit available hardware screens |
US5613017A (en) | 1994-09-29 | 1997-03-18 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Apparatus for processing image data among media having different image output sizes |
US5748931A (en) * | 1994-10-24 | 1998-05-05 | Infosis Group Ltd. | Information display system for simultaneously displaying graphical images and text of a publication |
US5729673A (en) * | 1995-04-07 | 1998-03-17 | Avid Technology, Inc. | Direct manipulation of two-dimensional moving picture streams in three-dimensional space |
US5754873A (en) * | 1995-06-01 | 1998-05-19 | Adobe Systems, Inc. | Method and apparatus for scaling a selected block of text to a preferred absolute text height and scaling the remainder of the text proportionately |
US5794257A (en) | 1995-07-14 | 1998-08-11 | Siemens Corporate Research, Inc. | Automatic hyperlinking on multimedia by compiling link specifications |
US6112201A (en) * | 1995-08-29 | 2000-08-29 | Oracle Corporation | Virtual bookshelf |
US6486895B1 (en) * | 1995-09-08 | 2002-11-26 | Xerox Corporation | Display system for displaying lists of linked documents |
AU7330396A (en) | 1995-10-23 | 1997-05-29 | Hypermed Ltd. | Structured focused hypertext data structure |
US6366933B1 (en) | 1995-10-27 | 2002-04-02 | At&T Corp. | Method and apparatus for tracking and viewing changes on the web |
US5761686A (en) * | 1996-06-27 | 1998-06-02 | Xerox Corporation | Embedding encoded information in an iconic version of a text image |
US5751283A (en) | 1996-07-17 | 1998-05-12 | Microsoft Corporation | Resizing a window and an object on a display screen |
US6091930A (en) * | 1997-03-04 | 2000-07-18 | Case Western Reserve University | Customizable interactive textbook |
JP3478725B2 (en) | 1997-07-25 | 2003-12-15 | 株式会社リコー | Document information management system |
US5957697A (en) * | 1997-08-20 | 1999-09-28 | Ithaca Media Corporation | Printed book augmented with an electronic virtual book and associated electronic data |
WO1999022314A1 (en) * | 1997-10-29 | 1999-05-06 | Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha | Display control device and reproduction display device for electronic books |
US7047490B1 (en) * | 1997-11-26 | 2006-05-16 | Adobe Systems Incorporated | Displaying the appearance of a printed and assembled document |
US8479122B2 (en) * | 2004-07-30 | 2013-07-02 | Apple Inc. | Gestures for touch sensitive input devices |
US6732111B2 (en) | 1998-03-03 | 2004-05-04 | Siebel Systems, Inc. | Method, apparatus, system, and program product for attaching files and other objects to a partially replicated database |
US6377704B1 (en) * | 1998-04-30 | 2002-04-23 | Xerox Corporation | Method for inset detection in document layout analysis |
US6584479B2 (en) * | 1998-06-17 | 2003-06-24 | Xerox Corporation | Overlay presentation of textual and graphical annotations |
US6769096B1 (en) | 1998-06-24 | 2004-07-27 | Microsoft Corporation | System and method for updating a table of contents in a frameset |
US6456732B1 (en) | 1998-09-11 | 2002-09-24 | Hewlett-Packard Company | Automatic rotation, cropping and scaling of images for printing |
US6289512B1 (en) | 1998-12-03 | 2001-09-11 | International Business Machines Corporation | Automatic program installation |
WO2000068831A2 (en) | 1999-05-07 | 2000-11-16 | Argo Interactive Limited | Graphical data within documents |
US6934707B1 (en) * | 1999-07-22 | 2005-08-23 | International Business Machines Corporation | Network transmission of pages in linkable markup language to receiving display stations with currently displayed pages controlled by tags in succeeding pages to produce aesthetically pleasing transitions between pages |
US6820111B1 (en) * | 1999-12-07 | 2004-11-16 | Microsoft Corporation | Computer user interface architecture that saves a user's non-linear navigation history and intelligently maintains that history |
US6992687B1 (en) * | 1999-12-07 | 2006-01-31 | Microsoft Corporation | Bookmarking and placemarking a displayed document in a computer system |
US20020075504A1 (en) | 1999-12-15 | 2002-06-20 | Sergio Fernandez | Method and apparatus for automatically indexing a document with tabbed sheets |
JP2001195412A (en) * | 2000-01-12 | 2001-07-19 | Hitachi Ltd | Electronic book system and method for displaying its contents |
KR100319756B1 (en) | 2000-01-21 | 2002-01-09 | 오길록 | Method for analyzing structure of treatise typed of document image |
US6470094B1 (en) * | 2000-03-14 | 2002-10-22 | Intel Corporation | Generalized text localization in images |
WO2001082279A2 (en) | 2000-04-24 | 2001-11-01 | The Trustees Of Columbia University In The City Of New York | System and method for dynamic space management of a display space |
US8055994B1 (en) * | 2000-05-26 | 2011-11-08 | Libredigital, Inc. | Method, system and computer program product for displaying a version of a paper |
US7259753B2 (en) * | 2000-06-21 | 2007-08-21 | Microsoft Corporation | Classifying, anchoring, and transforming ink |
CA2323569A1 (en) * | 2000-10-18 | 2002-04-18 | Advanced Numerical Methods Ltd. | Elastic presentation space |
US6704733B2 (en) * | 2000-10-25 | 2004-03-09 | Lightning Source, Inc. | Distributing electronic books over a computer network |
US20020083096A1 (en) | 2000-12-18 | 2002-06-27 | Hsu Liang Hua | System and method for generating structured documents and files for network delivery |
US7240291B2 (en) * | 2000-12-21 | 2007-07-03 | Xerox Corporation | Methods, systems, and computer program products for display of information relating to a virtual three-dimensional book |
US7356760B2 (en) * | 2001-02-15 | 2008-04-08 | Nbor Corporation | System and method for editing an electronic document of text and graphic objects |
EP1393189A4 (en) | 2001-05-02 | 2007-06-13 | Bitstream Inc | Methods, systems, and programming for displaying media scaled-down by a variable scale factor |
US7512879B2 (en) * | 2001-05-11 | 2009-03-31 | Microsoft Corporation | Intelligent virtual paging paradigm |
US7020663B2 (en) * | 2001-05-30 | 2006-03-28 | George M. Hay | System and method for the delivery of electronic books |
US20020182578A1 (en) * | 2001-06-01 | 2002-12-05 | Rachman Bruce A. | Online course support method and system |
US20030042319A1 (en) | 2001-08-31 | 2003-03-06 | Xerox Corporation | Automatic and semi-automatic index generation for raster documents |
US7071915B2 (en) * | 2001-09-13 | 2006-07-04 | E-Book Systems Pte Ltd. | Method for displaying flipping pages via electromechanical information browsing device |
US6907576B2 (en) | 2002-03-04 | 2005-06-14 | Microsoft Corporation | Legibility of selected content |
MXPA04011507A (en) * | 2002-05-20 | 2005-09-30 | Tata Infotech Ltd | Document structure identifier. |
DE10225316A1 (en) | 2002-06-06 | 2003-12-18 | Philips Intellectual Property | User interface display optimization method in which display window sizes or objects are optimized according to the their content, available space and selected preference rules |
AU2003270522A1 (en) * | 2002-09-10 | 2004-04-30 | Kirtas Technologies, Inc. | Automated page turning apparatus to assist in viewing pages of a document |
US7454707B2 (en) * | 2002-09-30 | 2008-11-18 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Image editing method, image editing apparatus, program for implementing image editing method, and recording medium recording program |
US7271806B2 (en) * | 2002-12-18 | 2007-09-18 | Microsoft Corporation | International automatic line height system and method |
US20040155833A1 (en) * | 2003-02-07 | 2004-08-12 | Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. | Display control device, computer, image display device, and image display system |
US20040225658A1 (en) * | 2003-02-13 | 2004-11-11 | Felix Horber | Network-based document management systems |
US7712034B2 (en) | 2003-03-24 | 2010-05-04 | Microsoft Corporation | System and method for shell browser |
US7391885B2 (en) | 2003-07-30 | 2008-06-24 | Xerox Corporation | Method for determining overall effectiveness of a document |
US20050039138A1 (en) | 2003-08-13 | 2005-02-17 | Aaron Urbina | Method and system for displaying comic books and graphic novels on all sizes of electronic display screens. |
US7548334B2 (en) * | 2003-10-15 | 2009-06-16 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | User interface for creation and editing of variable data documents |
WO2005050371A2 (en) | 2003-11-13 | 2005-06-02 | Knowledgeworks | A system for obtaining, managing and providing retrieved content |
US7360168B2 (en) | 2004-02-12 | 2008-04-15 | International Business Machines Corporation | Automatically scaling the information and controls in navigation tabs per available window area |
US20050193330A1 (en) | 2004-02-27 | 2005-09-01 | Exit 33 Education, Inc. | Methods and systems for eBook storage and presentation |
US20050237321A1 (en) * | 2004-03-31 | 2005-10-27 | Young Kenneth L | Grid canvas |
GB0416038D0 (en) | 2004-07-16 | 2004-08-18 | Portland Press Ltd | Document display system |
US7487190B2 (en) | 2004-08-27 | 2009-02-03 | Microsoft Corporation | Automated identification and marking of new and changed content in a structured document |
AU2004231206A1 (en) | 2004-11-19 | 2006-06-08 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Displaying a plurality of images in a stack arrangement |
KR100703690B1 (en) * | 2004-11-19 | 2007-04-05 | 삼성전자주식회사 | User interface and method for managing icon by grouping using skin image |
US8255796B1 (en) * | 2005-01-09 | 2012-08-28 | Apple Inc. | Efficient creation of documents |
US8706475B2 (en) | 2005-01-10 | 2014-04-22 | Xerox Corporation | Method and apparatus for detecting a table of contents and reference determination |
US8245131B2 (en) * | 2005-02-10 | 2012-08-14 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Constraining layout variations for accommodating variable content in electronic documents |
CN100369049C (en) * | 2005-02-18 | 2008-02-13 | 富士通株式会社 | Precise dividing device and method for grayscale character |
US20070117079A1 (en) | 2005-06-02 | 2007-05-24 | Robert Budlow | System and method for media delivery |
US7552386B2 (en) * | 2005-06-10 | 2009-06-23 | Microsoft Corporation | Methods and systems for treating overflow conditions and for re-sizing printable content |
US20070094591A1 (en) | 2005-10-24 | 2007-04-26 | Etgen Michael P | System and method for text legibility enhancement |
US7673019B2 (en) | 2005-11-04 | 2010-03-02 | Palo Alto Research Center Incorporated | System and method for determining a quantitative measure of qualitative usability of related Web pages |
KR100664311B1 (en) | 2005-11-18 | 2007-01-04 | 삼성전자주식회사 | Image forming apparatus for automatically forming index and the automatically index forming method thereof |
US8650482B2 (en) * | 2005-12-14 | 2014-02-11 | Microsoft Corporation | Dynamic positioning and aligning tabs relative to margins indent and column width |
US20070171459A1 (en) * | 2006-01-20 | 2007-07-26 | Dawson Christopher J | Method and system to allow printing compression of documents |
US7743327B2 (en) | 2006-02-23 | 2010-06-22 | Xerox Corporation | Table of contents extraction with improved robustness |
US20080082911A1 (en) * | 2006-10-03 | 2008-04-03 | Adobe Systems Incorporated | Environment-Constrained Dynamic Page Layout |
US7912829B1 (en) | 2006-10-04 | 2011-03-22 | Google Inc. | Content reference page |
US7979785B1 (en) | 2006-10-04 | 2011-07-12 | Google Inc. | Recognizing table of contents in an image sequence |
-
2006
- 2006-10-04 US US11/543,722 patent/US8782551B1/en active Active
-
2018
- 2018-02-28 US US15/908,668 patent/US20180189929A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20030048294A1 (en) * | 2001-09-07 | 2003-03-13 | Switchboard Incorporated | System and method for the creation of interactive display ads |
US20030204816A1 (en) * | 2002-04-25 | 2003-10-30 | Simard Patrice Y. | Layout analysis |
US20030208502A1 (en) * | 2002-05-03 | 2003-11-06 | Xiaofan Lin | Method for determining a logical structure of a document |
US20040164975A1 (en) * | 2002-09-13 | 2004-08-26 | E-Book Systems Pte Ltd | Method, system, apparatus, and computer program product for controlling and browsing a virtual book |
US20050062876A1 (en) * | 2003-06-26 | 2005-03-24 | Kyocera Corporation | Imaging apparatus |
US20070085845A1 (en) * | 2005-10-13 | 2007-04-19 | Pioneer Corporation | Display control apparatus, display method, and computer product |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US8782551B1 (en) | 2014-07-15 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US7908284B1 (en) | Content reference page | |
US7979785B1 (en) | Recognizing table of contents in an image sequence | |
US20180189929A1 (en) | Adjusting margins in book page images | |
JP6095596B2 (en) | Rendering the visual column of the document with supplemental information content | |
Lam et al. | Summary thumbnails: readable overviews for small screen web browsers | |
US8966361B2 (en) | Providing summary view of documents | |
JP4814575B2 (en) | System and method for displaying content on a small screen computing device | |
US8739073B2 (en) | User interface for document table of contents | |
US6271840B1 (en) | Graphical search engine visual index | |
US20060288280A1 (en) | User-defined changing of page representations | |
US8683374B2 (en) | Displaying a user's default activities in a new tab page | |
US8312388B2 (en) | Information processing apparatus, information processing method and computer readable medium | |
US8775928B2 (en) | Layout-based page capture | |
US20090313574A1 (en) | Mobile document viewer | |
US20090183077A1 (en) | Creating and Viewing Preview Objects | |
US20080092051A1 (en) | Method of dynamically creating real time presentations responsive to search expression | |
US20110161308A1 (en) | Evaluating preferences of content on a webpage | |
US20080301555A1 (en) | System and method for providing animated browser thumbnails | |
JP2008234658A (en) | Course-to-fine navigation through whole paginated documents retrieved by text search engine | |
US9286309B2 (en) | Representation of last viewed or last modified portion of a document | |
US20060107205A1 (en) | Determining a main content area of a page | |
US7861186B2 (en) | Systems and methods for navigating page-oriented information assets | |
JP2008226110A (en) | Information processor, information processing method and control program | |
US11681857B2 (en) | Method and device for rendering text with combined typographical attributes for emphases to a computer display | |
US20080120549A1 (en) | System and method for displaying numbered descriptions |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: GOOGLE INC., CALIFORNIA Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:BARTELMA, JEFFREY;VEMULA, GOPAL VENU;REEL/FRAME:045082/0850 Effective date: 20071023 Owner name: GOOGLE LLC, CALIFORNIA Free format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:GOOGLE INC.;REEL/FRAME:045484/0256 Effective date: 20170929 |
|
STPP | Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general |
Free format text: DOCKETED NEW CASE - READY FOR EXAMINATION |
|
STPP | Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general |
Free format text: NON FINAL ACTION MAILED |
|
STPP | Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general |
Free format text: NON FINAL ACTION MAILED |
|
STCB | Information on status: application discontinuation |
Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION |