US20180128081A1

US20180128081A1 - Hydraulic fracturing systems and processes utilizing port obstruction devices for seating on ports of a wellbore string

Info

Publication number: US20180128081A1
Application number: US15/634,590
Authority: US
Inventors: Marty Stromquist; John Edward Ravensbergen; Lyle Laun
Original assignee: NCS Multistage Inc
Current assignee: NCS Multistage Inc
Priority date: 2016-07-06
Filing date: 2017-06-27
Publication date: 2018-05-10
Also published as: CA2971975A1

Abstract

There is provided a flow control apparatus comprising, a housing; a housing passage disposed within the housing; a plurality of ports extending through the housing, a flow control member, displaceable, relative to the ports, for effecting opening of the ports wherein the housing includes an external surface, a recessed channel defined within the external surface; and each one of the ports, independently, extends into the channel such that fluid conducted from the housing passage and through the ports is discharged from the ports into the channel.

Description

FIELD

The present disclosure relates to bodies, deployable by flowing fluids, for closing ports that are provided for effecting fluid communication between a wellbore and a subterranean formation.

BACKGROUND

Deployable bodies, are used for effecting zonal isolation within a wellbore to enable multi-stage fraccing. Such bodies are intended to provide zonal isolation to enable targeted treatment of the subterranean formation.

SUMMARY

In one aspect, there is provided a flow control apparatus comprising: a housing; a housing passage disposed within the housing; a plurality of ports extending through the housing; a flow control member, displaceable, relative to the ports, for effecting opening of the ports; wherein: the housing includes an external surface; a recessed channel defined within the external surface; and each one of the ports, independently, extends into the channel such that fluid conducted from the housing passage and through the ports is discharged from the ports into the channel.
In another aspect, there is provided a kit for implementation within a wellbore for control fluid communication between a wellbore and a subterranean formation, comprising: a flow control apparatus, wherein the flow control apparatus includes: a housing; a housing passage disposed within the housing; a plurality of ports extending through the housing; a plurality of seats, wherein each one of the seats is respective to a one of the ports; a flow control member, displaceable, relative to the ports, for effecting opening of the ports; wherein: the housing includes an external surface; a recessed channel defined within the external surface; and each one of the ports, independently, extends into the channel such that fluid conducted from the housing passage and through the ports is discharged from the ports into the channel; and a plurality of port obstruction devices for seating on the seats.
In another aspect, there is provided a process for treating a subterranean formation comprising: opening at least one port of a wellbore string disposed within a wellbore by displacing a flow control member; conducting treatment material from the wellbore to the subterranean formation via the at least one port; and after the conducting of treatment material, seating a port obstruction device on each one of the at least one port, such that each one of the at least one port, independently, becomes closed.
In another aspect, there is provided a flow control apparatus comprising: a housing; a housing passage disposed within the housing; a seat; a port extending through the housing; and a retainer configured for retaining a port obstruction device to the flow control apparatus.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

The preferred embodiments will now be described with the following accompanying drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a system for effecting fluid communication between the surface and a subterranean formation via a wellbore;

FIG. 2 is a sectional side elevation view of a flow control apparatus for use in the system illustrated in FIG. 1, illustrating the ports in the closed condition;

FIG. 3 is a detailed view of detail “D” in FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a section of an external surface of the flow control apparatus, illustrating the recessed channel of the flow control apparatus;

FIG. 5 is a side elevation view of a section of a wellbore string of the system illustrated in FIG. 1, incorporating the flow control apparatus of FIG. 2, and disposed within a wellbore, and illustrating port obstruction devices having been seated within some of the ports after the completion of a treatment operation (and after having the flow control member displaced to the open position);

FIG. 6 is a schematic illustration depicting the fluid flowpath through a port where the subterranean formation in the immediate vicinity of the port is resistant to receiving flow of fluid being conducted via the port;

FIG. 7 is a detailed side elevation view of a portion of an embodiment of a flow control apparatus that is integratable within a wellbore string of the system illustrated in FIG. 1, with a retainer for retaining a port obstruction device within a port obstruction device receiving space for seating on a seat, with the port obstruction device being seated on the seat;

FIG. 8 is a detailed side elevation view of a portion of another embodiment of a flow control apparatus, that is integratable within a wellbore string of the system illustrated in FIG. 1, with a retainer for retaining a port obstruction device within a port obstruction device receiving space for seating on a seat, with the port obstruction device being seated on the seat;

FIG. 9 is a sectional view of an embodiment of a flow control apparatus that is integratable within a wellbore string of the system illustrated in FIG. 1, showing the port disposed in the closed condition, and with both of the flow control member and the actuatable valve disposed in the closed positions;

FIG. 10 is a detailed view of Detail “A” in FIG. 9;

FIG. 11 is a sectional view of an embodiment of the flow control apparatus illustrated in FIG. 10, showing the port disposed in the closed condition, and with the actuatable valve member disposed in the open position, and with the flow control member disposed in the closed position;

FIG. 12 is a detailed view of Detail “B” in FIG. 11;

FIG. 13 is a sectional view of an embodiment of the flow control apparatus illustrated in FIG. 9, showing the port disposed in the open condition, and with both of the flow control member and the actuatable valve disposed in the open positions;

FIG. 14 is a detailed view of Detail “C” in FIG. 13;

FIG. 15 is a detailed view of Detail “D” in FIG. 13;

FIG. 16 is sectional view of a fragment of another embodiment of a flow control apparatus that is integratable within the wellbore string of the system illustrated in FIG. 1, having an exploding bolt, illustrated prior to fracturing of the bolt; and

FIG. 17 is sectional view of a fragment of the embodiment of the flow control apparatus shown in FIG. 16, illustrated after fracturing of the bolt.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Referring to FIG. 1, there is provided a wellbore material transfer system 104 for conducting material to a subterranean formation 100 via a wellbore 102, from a subterranean formation 100 via a wellbore 102, or both to and from a subterranean formation 100 via a wellbore 102. In some embodiments, for example, the subterranean formation 100 is a hydrocarbon material-containing reservoir.
In some embodiments, for example, the conducting (such as, for example, by flowing) material to a subterranean formation 100 via a wellbore 102 is for effecting selective stimulation of a hydrocarbon material-containing reservoir. The stimulation is effected by supplying treatment material to the hydrocarbon material-containing reservoir. In some embodiments, for example, the treatment material is a liquid including water. In some embodiments, for example, the liquid includes water and chemical additives. In other embodiments, for example, the treatment material is a slurry including water, proppant, and chemical additives. Exemplary chemical additives include acids, sodium chloride, polyacrylamide, ethylene glycol, borate salts, sodium and potassium carbonates, glutaraldehyde, guar gum and other water soluble gels, citric acid, and isopropanol. In some embodiments, for example, the treatment material is supplied to effect hydraulic fracturing of the reservoir. In some embodiments, for example, the treatment material includes water, and is supplied to effect waterflooding of the reservoir.
In some embodiments, for example, the conducting (such as, for example, by flowing) material from a subterranean formation 100 via a wellbore 102 is for effecting production of hydrocarbon material from the hydrocarbon material-containing reservoir. In some of these embodiments, for example, the hydrocarbon material-containing reservoir, whose hydrocarbon material is being produced by the conducting via the wellbore 102, has been, prior to the producing, stimulated by the supplying of treatment material to the hydrocarbon material-containing reservoir.
In some embodiments, for example, the conducting to the subterranean formation 100 from the wellbore 102, or from the subterranean formation 100 to the wellbore 102, is effected via one or more flow communication stations that are disposed at the interface between the subterranean formation 100 and the wellbore 102. In some embodiments, for example, the flow communication stations are integrated within a wellbore string 116 that is deployed within the wellbore 102. Integration may be effected, for example, by way of threading or welding.
The wellbore string 116 includes one or more of pipe, casing, and liner, and may also include various forms of tubular segments, such as the flow control apparatuses 115A described herein. The wellbore string 116 defines a wellbore string passage 119. In some embodiments, for example, the flow communication station is integratable within the wellbore string 116 by a threaded connection.
Successive flow communication stations 115 may be spaced from each other along the wellbore string 116 such that each flow communication stations 115 is positioned adjacent a zone or interval of the subterranean formation 100 for effecting flow communication between the wellbore 102 and the zone (or interval).
For effecting the flow communication, the fluid communication station 115 includes a flow control apparatus 117. Referring to FIGS. 2 to 6, the flow control apparatus 117 includes one or more ports 118 through which the conducting of the material is effected. The ports 118 are disposed within a sub that has been integrated within the wellbore string 116, and are pre-existing, in that the ports 118 exist before the sub, along with the wellbore string 116, has been installed downhole within the wellbore string 116.
The flow control apparatus 117 includes a flow control member 114 for controlling the conducting of material by the flow control apparatus 117 via the one or more ports 118. The flow control member 114 is displaceable, relative to the one or more ports 118, for effecting opening of the one or more ports 118. In some embodiments, for example, the flow control member 114 is also displaceable, relative to the one or more ports 118, for effecting closing of the one or more ports 118. In this respect, the flow control member 114 is displaceable such that the flow control member 114 is positionable between open and closed positions. The open position of the flow control member 114 corresponds to an open condition of the one or more ports 118. The closed position of the flow control member 114 corresponds to a closed condition of the one or more ports 118.
In some embodiments, for example, the flow control member 114 is displaceble mechanically, such as, for example, with a shifting tool. In some embodiments, for example, the flow control member 114 is displaceable hydraulically, such as, for example, by communicating pressurized fluid via the wellbore to urge the displacement of the flow control member 14. In some embodiments, for example, the flow control member 114 is integrated within a flow control apparatus which includes a trigger for effecting displacement of the flow control member 114 hydraulically in response to receiving of a signal transmitted from the surface 10.
In some embodiments, for example, in the closed position, the one or more ports 118 are covered by the flow control member 114, and the displacement of the flow control member 114 to the open position effects at least a partial uncovering of the one or more ports 118 such that the 118 becomes disposed in the open condition. In some embodiments, for example, in the closed position, the flow control member 114 is disposed, relative to the one or more ports 118, such that a sealed interface is disposed between the wellbore string 116 and the subterranean formation 100, and the disposition of the sealed interface is such that the conduction of material between the wellbore string 116 and the subterranean formation 100, via the fluid communication station 115 is prevented, or substantially prevented, and displacement of the flow control member 114 to the open position effects flow communication, via the one or more ports 118, between the wellbore string 116 and the subterranean formation 100, such that the conducting of material between the wellbore string 116 and the subterranean formation 100, via the flow communication station, is enabled. In some embodiments, for example, the sealed interface is established by sealing engagement between the flow control member 114 and the wellbore string 116. In some embodiments, for example, the flow control member 114 includes a sleeve. The sleeve is slideably disposed within the wellbore string passage 119.
Each one of the ports 118, independently, is disposed for being at least partially occluded by a port obstruction device 130. Suitable port obstruction devices 130 include, for example, ball sealers. In some embodiments, for example, the hydrocarbon material-containing reservoir is stimulated by the supplying of treatment material to the hydrocarbon material-containing reservoir via the ports 118, and after sufficient treatment material has been supplied to the hydrocarbon material-containing reservoir via the ports 118, port obstruction devices 130 are deployed downhole for seating within the ports 118.
In this respect, in some embodiments, for example, for each one of the ports 118, independently, a seat 1180, for seating of a port obstruction device 130, is disposed relative to the port 118 such that seating of the port obstruction device 130 effects at least partial occlusion of the port 118. In some embodiments, for example, the seat 1180 is disposed peripherally about the port 118. In some embodiments, for example, the port 118 is disposed within the seat 1180. In some embodiments, for example, the seating of the port obstruction device 130 on the seat 1180 effects sealing engagement of the port obstruction device 130 to the seat 1180, such that a sealing interface is established, and such that the port 118 is sealed or substantially sealed.
In this respect, there is provided a process including: after the conducting of fluid through an opened port 118 during a treatment operation, seating of the port obstruction device 130 against the seat 1180 such that the closing of the opening 102 is effected. In some embodiments, for example, the seating of the port obstruction device 130 on the seat 1180 is effected by landing of the port obstruction device 130 on the seat 1180 by conducting the port obstruction device 130 downhole with fluid that is supplied to and is flowing within the wellbore 102. In some embodiments, for example, prior to the conducting of fluid through the opened port 118, the port 118 is closed, and opening of the port 118 is effected by displacing the flow control member 114 from the closed position to the open position. In some embodiments, for example, prior to the seating of the port obstruction device 130 on the seat 1180 by conducting the port obstruction device 130 downhole with fluid that is supplied to and is flowing within the wellbore 102, the pressure of the fluid that is supplied and flowed, for conducting the port obstruction device, is less than the pressure of the fluid being conducted through the opened port 118 during a treatment operation. In some embodiments, this reduced pressure mitigates the risk of having the port obstruction device 130 overshoot and flow past the seat 1180, due to its own inertia.
In some embodiments, for example, the flow control member 114 is displaceable from a closed position to an open position for effecting opening of the port 118, but is not designed to return to the closed position. Examples of a the flow control member 114 is not designed to return to the closed position include at least some kinds of “toe valves” or “toe sleeves”. In other embodiments, upon the flow control member 114 becoming disposed in the open position, attempts to close the flow control member 114 are unsuccessful.
After a treatment operation, involving the conducting of fluid via the port 118 (such as, for example, the supplying of treatment fluid into the subterranean formation 100, such as, for example, during a hydraulic fracturing operation) has been effected, it may be desirable to close the port 118, at least temporarily (such as, for example, to enable supplying of treatment fluid into the subterranean formation via another fluid communication station, such another fluid communication station that is disposed uphole), with the intention of later re-opening the port 118 (such as, for example, in order to receive production of reservoir fluids, from the subterranean formation 100, within the wellbore 102).
In this respect, a process is provided and includes displacing a flow control member 114 for effecting opening of a port 118 within a wellbore 102, conducting fluid via the opened port 118, and, after the conducting, seating a port obstruction device 130 on the seat 1080 such that the port 118 becomes closed. In some embodiments, for example, the seating of a port obstruction device 130 is such that fluid communication between the surface and the subterranean formation, via the port 118, becomes sealed or substantially sealed.
After the port obstruction device 130 has been seated on the seat 1180 for a sufficient period of time (such as, for example, for a period of time sufficient to enable supplying of treatment fluid to the subterranean formation via other fluid communication stations), an opening of the port 118 is effected.
In some embodiments, for example, the opening is effected by an unseating of the port obstruction device 130, such as, for example, by effecting a pressure reduction within the wellbore. In some embodiments, for example, the pressure reduction, additionally effects flowback of the port obstruction device 130.
In some embodiments, for example, the opening is effected after the port obstruction device 130 has been seated on the seat 1080 for a sufficient time in contact with wellbore fluids within the wellbore 102 such that a change in condition of the port obstruction device 130 is effected (in response to the contacting with the wellbore fluids) such that a fluid passage is established within the port obstruction device 130 such that fluid communication is effected between the surface and the subterranean formation via the port 118. In some of these embodiments, for example, at least a portion of the port obstruction device 130 is dissolvable in wellbore fluids within the wellbore 102 and, in this respect, the change in condition includes dissolution of at least a portion of the port obstruction device 130 such that the fluid passage becomes established.
Referring to FIGS. 2 to 6, in some embodiments, for example, the fluid communication station includes a flow control apparatus 117, and the flow control apparatus 117 includes a housing 122, a housing passage 124 disposed within the housing 122, the flow control member 114, a plurality of ports 118, and a plurality of seats 1180, wherein each one of the seat 1180 is associated with a respective one of the ports 118. The housing 122 includes an external surface 122A, and a recessed channel 126 is defined within the external surface 122A (see FIG. 4). Each one of the ports 118, independently, extends into the channel 126 such that fluid conducted from the wellbore 102 to the subterranean formation via the ports 118 is discharged from the ports 118 into the channel 126. In some embodiments, for example, the minimum depth of the channel 126 is at least 0.1 inches. In some embodiments, for example, the minimum cross-sectional area of the channel is at least 0.01 square inches.
In some embodiments, for example, the channel 126 receives flow of fluid conducted, via one or more ports 118, which would otherwise be at least impeded (and, in some embodiments, blocked) in cases where the portion of the formation in the immediate vicinity of the one or more ports 118 is resistant to receiving flow of fluid being conducted via the one or more ports 118 (for example, such formation portion is resistant to fracturing effected by fluid being communicated through the one or more ports). If such flow of fluid is at least impeded (and, in some embodiments, blocked), the seating of the port obstruction device 130 may not occur. By providing the channel 126, there is a greater likelihood that fluid will flow through a port 118 where the portion of the formation in the immediate vicinity of the port 118 is resistant to receiving flow of fluid being conducted via the port 118. This is because the channel 126 provides greater opportunity for fluid being communicated to the port 118 to be conducted to another portion of the formation which is less resistant to receiving flow of fluid from the wellbore 102. This phenomenon is illustrated in FIG. 6, where port obstruction devices 130 have been seated within ports 118A, 118B, and 118D, but the port 118C has yet to be closed with a corresponding port obstruction device, and the portion 130X of the formation 130 in the immediate vicinity of the port 118C is resistant to receiving fluid flow. Because the channel 126 has been provided, a flow path is establishable through the port 118C, by enabling fluid communication with the portion 130A, of the formation 130, which is able to receive fluid flow, thereby enabling the seating of a port obstruction device within the port 118C.
In some embodiments, for example, the flow control apparatus 117 includes one or more ports 118, and while each one of the one or more ports 118 are closed, independently, by a corresponding port obstruction device 130 (seated on a respective seat 1180), fluid pressure within the wellbore 102 is maintained above a minimum predetermined pressure such that a port obstruction devices 130 remains seated on a respective seat 1180 of each one of the one or more ports 118. In some of these embodiments, for example, while seating of a port obstruction devices 130 on a respective seat 1180 of each one of the one or more ports 118 is being maintained by fluid pressure within the wellbore 102, a flow control member 114 of another fluid communication station (such as, for example, another fluid communication station that is disposed uphole of the flow communication station whose one or more ports 118 are each, independently, closed by a corresponding port obstruction device 130 that is seated on a respective seat 1180 of each one of the one or more ports 118) is displaced, relative to its corresponding one or more ports 118, from the closed position to the open position such that its corresponding one or more ports 118 becomes opened and conducts fluid from the wellbore 102 to the subterranean formation 100. In some embodiments, for example, the fluid pressure continues being maintained above the minimum predetermined pressure as the one or more ports 118 of the another fluid communication station is being opened. In this respect, in some embodiments, for example, after having supplied fluid to the subterranean formation via the one or more ports 118 of a first communication station, and while the fluid pressure is maintained above a minimum predetermined pressure within the wellbore 102, seating of the port obstruction device 130 on a respective seat 1180 of each one of the one or more ports 118 of the first fluid communication station is effected, and after the effecting of the seating of the port obstruction device 130 on a respective seat 1180 of each one of the one or more ports 118 of a first fluid communication station, the flow control member 114 of a second fluid communication station is displaced to an open position such that the one or more ports 118 of the second fluid communication station becomes opened and fluid is supplied to the subterranean formation via the one or more ports 118 of the second fluid communication station. In some embodiments, for example, after the supplying of fluid into the subterranean formation via the one or more ports 118 of the second fluid communication station, at least one port obstruction device 130, for each one of the one or more ports 118 of the second fluid communication station, is deployed downhole such that a port obstruction device 130 becomes seated on a respective seat 1080 of each one of the one or more ports of the second fluid communication station such that the one or more ports 118 of the second fluid communication station becomes closed. In some embodiments, for example, the seating of a port obstruction device 130 on a respective seat 1080 of each one of the one or more ports 118 of the second fluid communication station is such that fluid communication between the surface and the subterranean formation, via the one or more ports 118 of the second fluid communication station, becomes sealed or substantially sealed. In some embodiments, for example, the second fluid communication station is disposed uphole relative to the first fluid communication station.
In some embodiments, for example, the flow control apparatus 117 includes a retainer 132 configured for retaining a port obstruction device 130 to the flow control apparatus 117. In those embodiments where the flow control apparatus 117 includes more than one port 118, in some of these embodiments, for example, the retainer 132 is configured for retaining a port obstruction device 130 for seating on a respective seat 1080 of each one of the ports 118.
In some embodiments, for example, the retainer 132 is sufficiently pliable such that a port obstruction device 130, in response to application of a sufficient fluid pressure differential, is conductible past the retainer 132 and into a port obstruction device receiving space 134. While within the port obstruction device receiving space 134, the port obstructions device 130 is disposed for seating on a seat 1180 of a port 118 for effecting closure of the port 118. In some embodiments, for example, the retainer 132 is in the form of a c-ring that is coupled to the body 136 of the apparatus 117. In some embodiments, for example, the retainer 132 is in the form of a canted coil spring that is coupled to the body 136 of the apparatus 117.
Referring to FIG. 7, in some embodiments, for example, upon disposition of the port obstructions device 130 within the port obstruction device receiving space 134, the port obstruction device 130 becomes seated on a seat 1180 of a port 118 such that closure of the port 118 is effected. Referring to FIG. 8, in some embodiments, for example, upon disposition of the port obstructions device 130 within the port obstruction device receiving space 134, the port obstruction device 130 is disposed for seating on a seat 1180 of a port 118 in response to application of a sufficient fluid pressure differential such that, upon the seating of the port obstruction device 130 on the seat 1180, closure of the port 118 is effected.
In those embodiments where, upon disposition of the port obstructions device 130 within the port obstruction device receiving space 134, the port obstruction device 130 becomes seated on a seat 1180 of a port 118 such that closure of the port 118 is effected, the port obstruction device 130 and the flow control apparatus 117 are co-operatively configured such that, after the port obstruction device 130 has been disposed in contact with subterranean fluids (from within the wellbore, or external to the wellbore, or both) for a sufficient period of time, while being disposed within the port obstruction device receiving space 134, such that material degradation (such as, for example, by at least one of dissolution, chemical reaction, or disintegration) of the port obstruction device 130 is effected, an opening of the port 118 is effected. In this respect, in some embodiments, for example, the port obstruction device 130 includes polystyrene which thereby renders the port obstruction device degradable in the presence of wellbore fluids.
In those embodiments where, upon disposition of the port obstructions device 130 within the port obstruction device receiving space 134, the port obstruction device 130 becomes disposed for seating on a seat 1180 of a port 118 in response to application of a sufficient fluid pressure differential such that, upon the seating of the port obstruction device 130 on the seat 1180, closure of the port 118 is effected, the port obstruction device 130 and the flow control apparatus 117 are co-operatively configured such that, after the port obstruction device 130 has become seated on a seat 1180 of a port 118, and a pressure differential is applied while the port obstructions device 130 is seated on the seat 1180 of the port 118 such that the port obstruction device 130 is displaced from the seat 1180 (and thereby becomes unseated relative to the seat 1180), opening of the port 118 is effected.
Referring to FIGS. 9 to 15, in some embodiments, for example, the flow control member 114 is integrated within a flow control apparatus 310 and includes a fluid responsive surface 120 for receiving communication of a pressurized fluid for urging the displacement of the flow control member 114 between the closed and open positions, and the flow control apparatus 310 further includes a sensor 326, a housing 312, and a trigger 313. The housing 312 includes a housing passage 316, and the housing 312 is integratable within the wellbore string 200, such as by a threaded connection. The trigger 313 is responsive to the sensing of a trigger-actuating (“TI”) signal by the sensor, with effect that fluid communication is established between the housing passage 316 and the fluid responsive surface 120 in response to the sensing of a trigger-actuating (“TI”) signal by the sensor 326. In this respect, while the flow control apparatus 310 is integrated within the wellbore string 200 as part of a fluid communication station 115 such that the housing passage 316 is disposed in fluid communication with the surface via the wellbore 100, and while a TI signal is being transmitted (such as, for example, via the wellbore), in response to the sensing of the TI signal by the sensor 326, fluid communication between the surface and the fluid responsive surface 120, via the wellbore 100, is established by the trigger 313.
In some embodiments, for example, the TI signal is transmitted through the wellbore 100. In some of these embodiments, for example, the TI signal is transmitted via fluid disposed within the wellbore 100.
In some embodiments, for example, the sensor 326 is a pressure sensor, and the actuating signal is one or more pressure pulses. An exemplary pressure sensor is a Kellar Pressure Transducer Model 6LHP/81188TM.
Other suitable sensors may be employed, depending on the nature of the signal being used for the actuating signal. Other suitable sensors include a Hall effect sensor, a radio frequency identification (“RFID”) sensor, or a sensor that can detect a change in chemistry (such as, for example, pH), or radiation levels, or ultrasonic waves.
In some embodiments, for example, the TI signal is one or more pressure pulses. In some embodiments, for example, the TI signal is defined by a pressure pulse characterized by at least a magnitude. In some embodiments, for example, the pressure pulse is further characterized by at least a duration. In some embodiments, for example, the TI signal is defined by a pressure pulse characterized by at least a duration.
In some embodiments, for example, the TI signal is defined by a plurality of pressure pulses. In some embodiments, for example, the TI signal is defined by a plurality of pressure pulses, each one of the pressure pulses characterized by at least a magnitude. In some embodiments, for example, the TI signal is defined by a plurality of pressure pulses, each one of the pressure pulses characterized by at least a magnitude and a duration. In some embodiments, for example, the TI signal is defined by a plurality of pressure pulses, each one of the pressure pulses characterized by at least a duration. In some embodiments, for example, each one of pressure pulses is characterized by time intervals between the pulses.
In some embodiments, for example, the sensor 326 is disposed in communication within the wellbore 100, and the TI signal is being transmitted within the wellbore 100, such that the sensor 326 is disposed for sensing the TI signal being transmitted within the wellbore 100. In some embodiments, for example, the sensor 326 is disposed within the wellbore 100. In this respect, in some embodiments, for example, the sensor 326 is mounted to the housing 112 within a hole that is ported to the wellbore 200, and is held in by a backing plate that is configured to resist the force generated by pressure acting on the sensor 326.
In some embodiments, for example, the sensor 326 is configured to receive a signal generated by a seismic source. In some embodiments, for example, the seismic source includes a seismic vibrator unit. In some of these embodiments, for example, the seismic vibration unit is disposed at the surface 10.
In some embodiments, for example, the flow control apparatus 310 further includes a sealing interface 315, and the trigger 313 includes an actuator 322 for defeating the sealing interface 315. In this respect, the actuator 322 is responsive to sensing of the TI signal by the sensor 326. for defeating the sealing interface 315 such that the establishment of fluid communication between the housing passage 316 and the fluid responsive surface 120 is effected.
In some embodiments, for example, the flow control apparatus 310 further includes a valve 324, and the sealing interface 315 is defined by a sealing, or substantially sealing, engagement between the valve 324 and the housing 312. In some embodiments, for example, the sealing interface 315 is defined by sealing members 315A (such as, for example, o-rings) carried by the valve 324. In this respect, the change in condition of the sealing interface 315 is effected by a change in condition of the valve 324. Also in this respect, the actuator 322 is configured to effect a change in condition of the valve 324 (in response to the sensing of the TI signal by the sensor 326) such that there is a loss of the sealing, or substantially sealing, engagement between the valve 324 and the housing 312, such that the sealing interface 315 is defeated, and such that fluid communication between the housing passage 316 and the fluid responsive surface 120 is established.
In some embodiments, for example, the valve 324 is displaceable, and the change in condition of the valve 324, which the actuator 322 is configured to effect in response to the sensing of a TI signal by the sensor 326, includes displacement of the valve 324. In this respect, the actuator 322 is configured to effect displacement of the valve 324 such that the sealing interface 315 is defeated and such that fluid communication between the housing passage 316 and the fluid responsive surface 120 is established.
In some embodiments, for example, the flow control apparatus 310 further includes a passageway 326. The valve 324 and the passageway 326 are co-operatively disposed such that fluid communication between the housing passage 316 and the fluid responsive surface 120 is established in response to the displacement of the valve 324, which is effected in response to the sensing of the TI signal by the sensor 326. In this respect, the establishing of the fluid communication between the housing passage 316 and the fluid responsive surface 120 is controlled by the positioning of the valve 324 within the passageway 326. In this respect, the valve 324 is configured for displacement relative to the passageway 326. In some embodiments, for example, the valve 324 includes a piston. The displacement of the valve 324 is from a closed position (see FIGS. 7 and 8) to an open position (see FIGS. 9 and 10). In some embodiments, for example, when disposed in the closed position, the valve 324 is occluding the passageway 326. In some embodiments, for example, when the valve 324 is disposed in the closed position, sealing, or substantial sealing, of fluid communication, between the housing passage 316 and the fluid responsive surface 120 is effected. When the valve 324 is disposed in the open position, fluid communication is effected between the housing passage 316 and the fluid responsive surface 120.
In some embodiments, for example, the passageway 326 extends through the flow control member 114, and the valve 324 is disposed in a space within the flow control member 114, such that the displacement of the valve 324 is also relative to the flow control member 114.
In some embodiments, for example, the actuator 322 includes an electro-mechanical trigger, such as a squib. The squib is configured to, in response to the signal received by the sensor 326, effect generation of an explosion. In some embodiments, for example, the squib is mounted within the body such that the generated explosion effects the displacement of the valve 324. Another suitable actuator 322 is a fuse-able link or a piston pusher.
In some embodiments, for example, the flow control apparatus 310 further includes first and second chambers 334, 336. The first chamber 334 is disposed in fluid communication with the fluid responsive surface 120 for receiving pressurized fluid from the housing passage 316, and the second chamber 336 is configured for containing a fluid and disposed relative to the flow control member 114 such that fluid contained within the second chamber 336 opposes the displacement of the flow control apparatus 310 that is being urged by pressurized fluid within the first chamber 334, and the displacement of the flow control member 114 is effected when the force imparted to the flow control member 114 by the pressurized fluid within the first chamber 334 exceeds the force imparted to the flow control member by the fluid within the second chamber 336. In some embodiments, for example, the displacement of the flow control member 114 is effected when the pressure imparted to the flow control member 114 by the pressurized fluid within the first chamber 334 exceeds the pressure imparted to the flow control member 114 by the fluid within the second chamber 336.
In some embodiments, for example, both of the first and second chambers 334, 336 are defined by respective spaces interposed between the housing 312 and the flow control member 114, and a chamber sealing member 338 is also included for effecting a sealing interface between the chambers 334, 336, while the flow control member 114 is being displaced to effect the opening of the port 318.
In some embodiments, for example, to mitigate versus inadvertent opening, the valve 324 may, initially, be detachably secured to the housing 312, in the closed position. In this respect, in some embodiments, for example, the detachable securing is effected by a shear pin configured for becoming sheared, in response to application of sufficient shearing force, such that the valve 324 becomes movable from the closed position to the open position. In some embodiments, for example, the shearing force is effected by the actuator 312.
In some embodiments, for example, to prevent the inadvertent opening of the valve 324, the valve 324 may be biased to the closed position, such as by, for example, a resilient member such as a spring. In this respect, the actuator 322 used for effecting opening of the valve 324 must exert sufficient force to at least overcome the biasing force being applied to the valve 324 that is maintaining the valve 324 in the closed position.
In some embodiments, for example, to prevent the inadvertent opening of the valve 324, the valve 324 may be pressure balanced such that the valve 324 is disposed in the closed position.
In some embodiments, for example, the flow control apparatus 310 further includes a controller. The controller is configured to receive a sensor-transmitted signal from the sensor 326 upon the sensing of the TI signal and, in response to the received sensor-transmitted signal, supply a transmitted signal to the trigger 313. In some embodiments, for example, the controller and the sensor 326 are powered by a battery that is disposed on-board within the flow control apparatus 310. Passages for wiring for electrically interconnecting the battery, the sensor, the controller and the trigger are also provided within the apparatus 310.
Referring to FIGS. 14 and 15, in some embodiments, for example, the flow control member 114 is integrated within a flow control apparatus 410 that includes a sensor 426, and the flow control member 114 is displaceable from the closed position to the open position in response to urging by a pressurized fluid that is communicated to the flow control member after the defeating of a sealing interface 415, the defeating of the sealing interface 415 being actuated by communication of a pressurized fluid while the sealing interface 415 is disposed in a defeatable condition, the sealing interface 415 having become disposed in the defeatable condition in response to the sensing of a sealing interface actuation (“SIA”) signal by the sensor 426.
In some embodiments, for example, the SIA signal is transmitted through the wellbore 100. In some of these embodiments, for example, the SIA signal is transmitted via fluid disposed within the wellbore 100.
In some embodiments, for example, the sensor 426 is a pressure sensor, and the actuaSIAng signal is one or more pressure pulses. An exemplary pressure sensor is a Kellar Pressure Transducer Model 6LHP/81188TM.
Other suitable sensors may be employed, depending on the nature of the signal being used for the actuang signal. Other suitable sensors include a Hall effect sensor, a radio frequency identification (“RFID”) sensor, or a sensor that can detect a change in chemistry (such as, for example, pH), or radiation levels, or ultrasonic waves.
In some embodiments, for example, the SIA signal is one or more pressure pulses. In some embodiments, for example, the SIA signal is defined by a pressure pulse characterized by at least a magnitude. In some embodiments, for example, the pressure pulse is further characterized by at least a duration. In some embodiments, for example, the SIA signal is defined by a pressure pulse characterized by at least a duration.
In some embodiments, for example, the SIA signal is defined by a plurality of pressure pulses. In some embodiments, for example, the SIA signal is defined by a plurality of pressure pulses, each one of the pressure pulses characterized by at least a magnitude. In some embodiments, for example, the SIA signal is defined by a plurality of pressure pulses, each one of the pressure pulses characterized by at least a magnitude and a duration. In some embodiments, for example, the SIA signal is defined by a plurality of pressure pulses, each one of the pressure pulses characterized by at least a duration. In some embodiments, for example, each one of pressure pulses is characterized by time intervals between the pulses.
In some embodiments, for example, the sensor 426 is disposed in communication within the wellbore 100, and the SIA signal is being transmitted within the wellbore 100, such that the sensor 426 is disposed for sensing the SIA signal being transmitted within the wellbore 100. In some embodiments, for example, the sensor 426 is disposed within the wellbore 100. In this respect, in some embodiments, for example, the sensor 426 is mounted to the housing 412 within a hole that is ported to the wellbore 200, and is held in by a backing plate that is configured to resist the force generated by pressure acting on the sensor 426.
In some embodiments, for example, the sensor 426 is configured to receive a signal generated by a seismic source. In some embodiments, for example, the seismic source includes a seismic vibrator unit. In some of these embodiments, for example, the seismic vibration unit is disposed at the surface 10.
In this respect, in some embodiments, for example, the flow control member 114 includes a fluid responsive surface 120 for receiving communication of a pressurized fluid for urging displacement of the flow control member 114. As well, the flow control apparatus 410 includes a housing 412 that is integratable within the wellbore string 200 as part of a fluid communication station 115, such as by a threaded connection, and a housing passage 416 is defined within the housing 412. The flow control apparatus 410 also includes a sealing interface 415 and an actuator 422. The actuator 422 is responsive to sensing of the SIA signal by the sensor 426, for changing a condition of the sealing interface 415 such that the sealing interface 415 becomes disposed in a defeatable condition such that, in response to receiving communication of a pressurized fluid, the sealing interface 415 is defeated and such that fluid communication is established between the housing passage 416 and the fluid responsive surface 420.
In some embodiments, for example, the flow control apparatus further includes a valve 424, and the sealing interface 415 is defined by sealing, or substantially sealing, engagement between the valve 424 and the housing 412. In this respect, the change in condition of the sealing interface 415 is effected by a change in condition of the valve 424. Also in this respect, the actuator 422 is configured to effect a change in condition of the valve 424 (in response to the sensing of the signal by the sensor 426) such that the sealing interface 415 becomes disposed in the defeatable condition. In this respect, while the sealing interface 415 (defined by the sealing, or substantially sealing, engagement between the valve 424 and the housing 412) is disposed in the defeatable condition (the defeatible condition having been effected in response to the change in condition of the valve 424, as above-described), in response to receiving communication of a pressurized fluid, there is a loss of the sealing, or substantially sealing, engagement between the valve 424 and the housing 412. As a result, there is a loss of sealing, or substantially sealing, engagement between the valve 424 and the housing 412, such that the sealing interface 415 is defeated, and such that fluid communication is established between the housing passage 416 and the fluid responsive surface 420.
In some embodiments, for example, the valve 424 includes a valve sealing surface 424A configured for effecting the sealing, or substantially sealing, engagement between the valve 424 and the housing 412. In this respect, the sealing, or substantially sealing, engagement between the valve 424 and the housing 412 is effected by the sealing, or substantially sealing, engagement between the valve sealing surface 424A and a housing sealing surface 412A. Also in this respect, the change in condition of the valve 424 is such that the valve sealing surface 424A becomes displaceable relative to the housing sealing surface 412A for effecting a loss of the sealing, or substantially sealing, engagement between the valve sealing surface 424A and the housing sealing surface 412A, such that the sealing interface 415 is defeated and such that fluid communication is established between the housing passage 416 and the fluid responsive surface 420. Also in this respect, the loss of the sealing, or substantially sealing, engagement between the valve 424 and the housing 412, that is effected in response to receiving communication of a pressurized fluid while the valve 424 is disposed such that the valve sealing surface 424A is displaceable relative to the housing sealing surface 412A, includes the loss of the sealing, or substantially sealing, engagement between the valve sealing surface 424A and the housing sealing surface 412A.
In some embodiments, for example, the flow control apparatus 410 further includes a passageway 427, and the passageway extends between the housing passage 412 and the fluid responsive surface 420. The valve 424 and the passageway 427 are co-operatively disposed such that the fluid communication between the housing passage 416 and the fluid responsive surface 420 is established in response to the displacement of the valve 424 relative to the passageway 427, effected in response to the sensing of the SIA by the sensor 426. Sealing, or substantial sealing, of the passageway 427 is effected by the sealing or substantially sealing, engagement between the valve 424 and the housing 412 (and, in some embodiments, for example, the valve sealing surface 424A and the housing sealing surface 412A). Also in this respect, sealing, or substantially sealing, of fluid communication between the housing passage 412 and the fluid responsive surface 420 is effected by the sealing or substantially sealing, engagement between the valve 424 and the housing 412 (and, in some embodiments, for example, the valve sealing surface 424A and the housing sealing surface 412A).
In some embodiments, for example, the actuator 422 includes a squib, and the change in condition of the sealing interface 415 (and also, in some embodiments, for example, the valve 424) is effected by an explosion generated by the squib in response to sensing of the signal by the sensor 426. In some embodiments, for example, the squib is suitably mounted within the housing 412 to apply the necessary force to the valve 424. Another suitable valve actuator 42 is a fuse-able link or a piston pusher.
In some embodiments, for example, the change in condition of the valve 424 includes a fracturing of the valve 424. In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 15, the fracture is identified by reference numeral 452. In some embodiments, for example, while the valve 424 is disposed in a fractured condition, in response to receiving communication of a pressurized fluid, a loss of the sealing, or substantially sealing, engagement between the valve 424 and the housing 412 is effected, such that there is an absence of sealing, or substantially sealing, engagement between the valve 424 and the housing 412, and such that the sealing interface 415 is defeated and such that fluid communication is established between the housing passage 416 and the fluid responsive surface 420.
In those embodiments where the change in condition of the valve 424 includes a fracturing of the valve 424, in some of these embodiments, for example, the valve 424 includes a coupler 424B that effects coupling of the valve 424 to the housing 412 while the change in condition is effected. In some embodiments, for example, the coupler 424B is threaded to the housing 412. In those embodiments where the valve 424 includes a coupler 424B, in some of these embodiments, for example, the valve 424 and the actuator 422 are defined by an exploding bolt 350, such that the exploding bolt 350 is threaded to the housing 412. In some embodiments, for example, the squib is integrated into the bolt 350.
In some embodiments, for example, the flow control apparatus 410 further includes first and second chambers (only the first chamber 434 is shown). The first chamber 434 is disposed in fluid communication with the fluid responsive surface 420 for receiving pressurized fluid from the housing passage 412, and the second chamber is configured for containing a fluid and disposed relative to the flow control member 114 such that fluid contained within the second chamber opposes the displacement of the flow control apparatus 410 that is being urged by pressurized fluid within the first chamber 434, and the displacement of the flow control member 114 is effected when the force imparted to the flow control member 114 by the pressurized fluid within the first chamber 434 exceeds the force imparted to the flow control member by the fluid within the second chamber. In some embodiments, for example, the displacement of the flow control member 114 is effected when the pressure imparted to the flow control member 114 by the pressurized fluid within the first chamber 434 exceeds the pressure imparted to the flow control member by the fluid within the second chamber. In some embodiments, for example, the fluid within the second chamber is disposed at atmospheric pressure.
In some embodiments, for example, both of the first and second chambers are defined by respective spaces interposed between the housing 412 and the flow control member 114, and a chamber sealing member 438 is also included for effecting a sealing interface between the first and second chambers while the flow control member 114 is being displaced to effect the opening of the port 418.
In some embodiments, for example, the flow control apparatus 410 further includes a controller. The controller is configured to receive a sensor-transmitted signal from the sensor 426 upon the sensing of the SIA signal and, in response to the received sensor-transmitted signal, supply a transmitted signal to the actuator 422. In some embodiments, for example, the controller and the sensor 426 are powered by a battery that is disposed on-board within the flow control apparatus 410. Passages for wiring for electrically interconnecting the battery, the sensor 426, the controller and the actuator 422 are also provided within the apparatus 410.
In the above description, for purposes of explanation, numerous details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present disclosure. However, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that these specific details are not required in order to practice the present disclosure. Although certain dimensions and materials are described for implementing the disclosed example embodiments, other suitable dimensions and/or materials may be used within the scope of this disclosure. All such modifications and variations, including all suitable current and future changes in technology, are believed to be within the sphere and scope of the present disclosure. All references mentioned are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.

Claims

1.-18. (canceled)

19. A flow control apparatus comprising:

a housing;

a housing passage disposed within the housing;

a plurality of ports extending through the housing;

a flow control member, displaceable, relative to the ports, for effecting opening of the ports;

wherein:

the housing includes an external surface;

a recessed channel defined within the external surface; and

each one of the ports, independently, extends into the channel such that fluid conducted from the housing passage and through the ports is discharged from the ports into the channel.

20. The flow control apparatus as claimed in claim 19;

wherein the minimum depth of the channel is at least 0.1 inches.

21. The flow control apparatus as claimed in claim 19;

wherein the minimum cross-sectional area of the channel is at least 0.01 square inches.

22. The flow control apparatus as claimed in claim 19, further comprising:

a sensor configured to receive a transmitted signal for effecting displacement of the flow control member.

23. The flow control apparatus as claimed in claim 22;

wherein the sensor is disposed within the housing passage and the transmitted signal is a signal transmitted through the housing passage.

24. The flow control apparatus as claimed in claim 19, configured for integration within a wellbore string.

25. A kit for implementation within a wellbore for control fluid communication between a wellbore and a subterranean formation, comprising:

a flow control apparatus, wherein the flow control apparatus includes:

a housing;

a housing passage disposed within the housing;

a plurality of ports extending through the housing;

a plurality of seats, wherein each one of the seats is respective to a one of the ports;

wherein:

the housing includes an external surface;

a recessed channel defined within the external surface; and

each one of the ports, independently, extends into the channel such that fluid conducted from the housing passage and through the ports is discharged from the ports into the channel;

and

a plurality of port obstruction devices for seating on the seats.

26. The kit as claimed in claim 25;

wherein the minimum depth of the channel of the housing of the flow control apparatus is at least 0.1 inches.

27. The kit as claimed in claim 25;

wherein the minimum cross-sectional area of the channel of the housing of the flow control apparatus is at least 0.01 square inches.

28. The kit as claimed in claim 25;

wherein the flow control apparatus further includes:

29. The kit as claimed in claim 28;

wherein the sensor of the flow control apparatus is disposed within the housing passage and the transmitted signal is a signal transmitted through the housing passage.

30. A process for treating a subterranean formation comprising:

opening at least one port of a wellbore string disposed within a wellbore by displacing a flow control member;

conducting treatment material from the wellbore to the subterranean formation via the at least one port; and

after the conducting of treatment material, seating a port obstruction device on each one of the at least one port, such that each one of the at least one port, independently, becomes closed.

31. The process as claimed in claim 30;

wherein the displacing of the flow control member is effected by transmitting a signal through the wellbore.

32. The process as claimed in claim 30;

wherein:

the wellbore string includes a fluid control apparatus including the at least one port;

the at least one port is a plurality of ports;

the fluid control apparatus includes an external surface having a recessed channel defined therein for fluidly communicating with the subterranean formation;

each one of the ports, independently, extends into the channel such that fluid conducted from the housing passage and through the ports is discharged from the ports into the channel; and

the recessed channel is disposed in fluid communication with the subterranean formation such that the conducting of treatment material from the wellbore to the subterranean formation is via the recessed channel.

33. The process as claimed in claim 30;

wherein:

the seating of a port obstruction device on each one of the at least one port includes conducting the port obstruction devices with a delivery fluid that is flowing within the wellbore; and

the pressure of the delivery fluid is less than the pressure of the treatment material that has been conducted through the opened port.

34. A flow control apparatus comprising:

a housing;

a housing passage disposed within the housing;

a seat;

a port extending through the housing; and

a retainer configured for retaining a port obstruction device to the flow control apparatus.

35. The flow control apparatus as claimed in claim 34;

wherein the retainer is configured for retaining a port obstruction device for seating on a seat such that closure of the port is effected.

36. The flow control apparatus as claimed in claim 34;

wherein the retainer is sufficiently pliable such that a port obstruction device, in response to application of a sufficient fluid pressure differential, is conductible past the retainer and into a port obstruction device receiving space such that the port obstructions device becomes disposed for seating on the seat for effecting closure of the port.