US20180058744A1 - Method and apparatus for impingement freezing of irregularly shaped products - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for impingement freezing of irregularly shaped products Download PDF

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Publication number
US20180058744A1
US20180058744A1 US15/254,577 US201615254577A US2018058744A1 US 20180058744 A1 US20180058744 A1 US 20180058744A1 US 201615254577 A US201615254577 A US 201615254577A US 2018058744 A1 US2018058744 A1 US 2018058744A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
impingement
mixture
impinger
products
openings
Prior art date
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Pending
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US15/254,577
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English (en)
Inventor
Michael D. Newman
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Messer Industries USA Inc
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Linde GmbH
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Priority to US15/254,577 priority Critical patent/US20180058744A1/en
Assigned to LINDE AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT reassignment LINDE AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: NEWMAN, MICHAEL D
Priority to PL16206531.2T priority patent/PL3290834T3/pl
Priority to DK16206531.2T priority patent/DK3290834T3/da
Priority to EP16206531.2A priority patent/EP3290834B1/fr
Priority to ES16206531T priority patent/ES2927826T3/es
Priority to PCT/US2017/042486 priority patent/WO2018044405A1/fr
Publication of US20180058744A1 publication Critical patent/US20180058744A1/en
Assigned to MESSER INDUSTRIES USA, INC. reassignment MESSER INDUSTRIES USA, INC. NUNC PRO TUNC ASSIGNMENT (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: LINDE AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D3/00—Devices using other cold materials; Devices using cold-storage bodies
    • F25D3/10—Devices using other cold materials; Devices using cold-storage bodies using liquefied gases, e.g. liquid air
    • F25D3/11—Devices using other cold materials; Devices using cold-storage bodies using liquefied gases, e.g. liquid air with conveyors carrying articles to be cooled through the cooling space
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D3/00—Devices using other cold materials; Devices using cold-storage bodies
    • F25D3/12—Devices using other cold materials; Devices using cold-storage bodies using solidified gases, e.g. carbon-dioxide snow
    • F25D3/127—Stationary devices with conveyors carrying articles to be cooled through the cooling space
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L3/00—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs
    • A23L3/003—Control or safety devices for sterilisation or pasteurisation systems
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L3/00—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs
    • A23L3/16—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by heating loose unpacked materials
    • A23L3/165—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by heating loose unpacked materials in solid state
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L3/00—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs
    • A23L3/36—Freezing; Subsequent thawing; Cooling
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B19/00—Machines, plants or systems, using evaporation of a refrigerant but without recovery of the vapour
    • F25B19/005—Machines, plants or systems, using evaporation of a refrigerant but without recovery of the vapour the refrigerant being a liquefied gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D13/00—Stationary devices, e.g. cold-rooms
    • F25D13/06—Stationary devices, e.g. cold-rooms with conveyors carrying articles to be cooled through the cooling space
    • F25D13/067—Stationary devices, e.g. cold-rooms with conveyors carrying articles to be cooled through the cooling space with circulation of gaseous cooling fluid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D17/00—Arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces
    • F25D17/04—Arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces for circulating air, e.g. by convection
    • F25D17/06—Arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces for circulating air, e.g. by convection by forced circulation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D25/00—Charging, supporting, and discharging the articles to be cooled
    • F25D25/04—Charging, supporting, and discharging the articles to be cooled by conveyors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D2317/00—Details or arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Details or arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces, not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • F25D2317/06—Details or arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Details or arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces, not provided for in other groups of this subclass with forced air circulation
    • F25D2317/066—Details or arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Details or arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces, not provided for in other groups of this subclass with forced air circulation characterised by the air supply
    • F25D2317/0661—Details or arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Details or arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces, not provided for in other groups of this subclass with forced air circulation characterised by the air supply from the bottom
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D2317/00—Details or arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Details or arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces, not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • F25D2317/06—Details or arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Details or arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces, not provided for in other groups of this subclass with forced air circulation
    • F25D2317/066—Details or arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Details or arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces, not provided for in other groups of this subclass with forced air circulation characterised by the air supply
    • F25D2317/0665—Details or arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Details or arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces, not provided for in other groups of this subclass with forced air circulation characterised by the air supply from the top
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D2400/00—General features of, or devices for refrigerators, cold rooms, ice-boxes, or for cooling or freezing apparatus not covered by any other subclass
    • F25D2400/30—Quick freezing

Definitions

  • the present embodiments relate to a method and apparatus for the impingement freezing of irregularly shaped products.
  • Typical products include Individually Quick Frozen (IQF) food items.
  • IQF Individually Quick Frozen
  • the coolant or cryogen may comprise nitrogen or carbon dioxide.
  • cryogen is used herein similarly to the term “coolant”, and is not intended to necessarily be limited to materials which have a purely cryogenic effect, although that meaning is intended to be included in the use of “cryogen”.
  • cryogen as used herein means any material which provides a cooling effect to a product.
  • the total heat transfer rates are dependent on local heat transfer coefficients. That is, the amount of heat transferred from the products to the cryogen is dependent on the rate of heat transfer locally between the cryogen and the product.
  • the heat transfer resulting in the cooling or freezing of the products results generally from the impingement of a stream of cryogenic vapor or liquid on the product. Additional heat transfer may also be achieved by spraying or mixing liquid or solid cryogen into the impingement streams of cryogen.
  • products are frozen or cooled within a housing chamber having a cryogen supply, and a conveyor extending into the chamber for transporting the food products on the conveyor; the chamber containing at least one impingement hood disposed above the conveyor; and the impingement hood including a shell supporting an impinger containing openings.
  • Gas and solid or liquid cryogen are mixed within the impingement hood, the mixture of gas and cryogen are directed to the impinger, and impingement jets of the mixture are directed through the impingement plate toward the products transported on the conveyor.
  • the transfer of heat from products, such as a food product, to a cryogen may be accomplished with the use of an impingement hood by which solid or liquid cryogen is sprayed into gas (such as carbon dioxide or nitrogen) circulated at the item or food product while using an impinger, such as an impingement plate, to create a stream of cryogen.
  • gas such as carbon dioxide or nitrogen
  • an impingement plate to create a stream of cryogen.
  • the design of the device increases the heat transferred from the product to the cryogen.
  • the cryogen for example solid carbon dioxide snow or liquid nitrogen, is introduced into an impinging flow of gas, wherein heat transfer occurs with respect to the gas and the product, to cool the product during impingement.
  • the use of the impingement hood provides consistent cooling and/or freezing of the product items across the width of the conveyor upon which the product travels through the freezer.
  • the impingement hood provides for an increased coolant pressure at the area of the conveyer along which the products travel for freezing or cooling.
  • the impingement hood may further result in the reduction of dehydration of the product, which is accomplished through the immediate freezing of the exterior of the product upon entry into the apparatus.
  • the transfer of heat from a product, such as a food product, to a cryogen may be accomplished with the use of sequential modules.
  • An entrance module has liquid cryogen piping and sprayer(s) which enable a stream of liquid cryogen to be sprayed into the jet of gaseous cryogen circulating within the module and toward the conveyor and product.
  • the conveyor may be an open mesh or have open links to provide access to the product from below.
  • Each module contains at least one impinger which enables jets of cryogenic gas to impinge the upper and/or lower surfaces of the food items.
  • the impinger may be an impingement plate having a specific configuration of stamped or chamfered holes.
  • the sprayer(s) may comprise a plurality of full cone low flow rate spray nozzles.
  • the use of this configuration enables a rapid heat transfer from the exterior of the product resulting in rapid cooling and/or crust freezing of product upon entering the series of modules and decreases any dehydration of the product.
  • a series of intermediate modules may be in array with the entrance module before reaching the exit module.
  • Intermediate and exit modules may comprise a similar system of piping, impinger, sprayer, and nozzle, but enable a certain length of freezing time depending on the conveyor speed or throughput of product required and the amount of time such product needs to be in the cryogenic environment to reach a desired goal.
  • the modularity of the freezer provides for any variation in these parameters.
  • IQF Individually Quick Frozen
  • the velocity of cryogen may be sufficient to damage the product and/or carry the product off of the conveyor within the impingement freezer and into undesirable locations within the freezer.
  • IQF food products are smaller, more irregular solid pieces of food such as, without limitation, peas, shrimp, cut beans, cauliflower pieces, poultry portions, or meat chunks, typically from about 0.25 inches to 0.75 inches in cross sectional area, and in chunks or cubes.
  • an impinger for cooling or freezing products in which the product is transported or conveyed on a conveyor, such as a belt or other moving substrate, comprising an impingement plate containing openings for directing impingement jets of a mixture of gas and solid or liquid cryogen toward the products transported on a conveyor, wherein the openings comprise an open area of about 7 percent to about 12 percent of the total surface area of the impingement plate, and wherein the impingement plate provides a back pressure restriction in a circulation path of the mixture of about 220 to about 475 Pa (about 0.9 to about 1.9 inches of water column).
  • Also provided is a process for cooling or freezing products within a housing chamber comprising: transporting the products on a moving substrate within the chamber; mixing a gas with solid or liquid cryogen to form a mixture; directing the mixture of gas and solid or liquid cryogen to an impinger, the impinger comprising an impingement plate containing openings for providing pressurized impingement jets of the mixture, wherein the openings comprise an open area of about 7 percent to about 12 percent of the total surface area of the impingement plate and wherein the impingement plate provides a back pressure restriction in a circulation path of the mixture of about 220 to about 475 Pa (about 0.9 to 1.9 inches of water column); and selectively directing the pressurized impingement jets of the mixture from the impingement plate toward the products transported on the substrate.
  • FIG. 1 is an elevational, lateral, cross sectional view of an impinger in an impingement hood freezer embodiment.
  • FIG. 2 is a top, plan view of an impingement plate for use in the impinger of FIG. 1 .
  • FIG. 3 is a side, cross sectional view of a chamfered opening in the plate of FIG. 2 .
  • FIG. 4 is an elevational, partially cross sectional view of a sequence of modules in a modular-type freezer embodiment.
  • FIG. 5 is an elevational, cross sectional end view of a single module in the freezer of FIG. 4 , having an impinger.
  • FIG. 6 is an elevational, cross sectional cutaway view of a portion of a single intermediate module, having an impinger above and below the conveyor.
  • the present embodiments are directed to an impinger for cooling and/or freezing products, particularly irregularly shaped products, in which the product is conveyed on a conveyor, such as a belt, mesh, screen, or other moving substrate, the impinger comprising an impingement plate with openings for directing impingement jets of a mixture of gas and solid or liquid cryogen toward and/or onto the product transported on the conveyor, wherein the openings are about 7 percent to about 12 percent of the surface area of the impingement plate.
  • the impingement plate provides a back pressure restriction in a circulation path of the mixture of gas and cryogen of about 220 to about 475 Pa (about 0.9 to about 1.9 inches of water column).
  • the velocity of gas/cryogen mixture decreases, but the area coverage of the mixture is greater.
  • the decrease in velocity of mixture prevents the impinger from displacing (by blowing for example) product off of the conveyor, and also results in better, more uniform distribution of flow over a product, resulting in improved heat transfer.
  • the open area and size of the holes or apertures the impingement plate may range from about 2.8 cm 2 to about 20.5 cm 2 (about 0.44 in 2 to about 3.15 in 2 ). In certain embodiments, all holes in the impingement plate may be of uniform size; in other embodiments, sizes may vary within the stated range.
  • Such holes or apertures result in the impingement plate providing a back pressure restriction in a circulation path of the mixture of gas and solid or liquid cryogen of about 220 to about 475 Pa (about 0.9 to about 1.9 inches of water column). In some embodiments, the back pressure restriction in a circulation path of the mixture of gas and solid or liquid cryogen may be from about 270 to about 475 Pa (about 1.1 to about 1.9 inches of water column).
  • the openings may be, without limitation, of a substantially circular shape.
  • the holes or apertures may be polygonal, hexagonal, octagonal, regular, or irregular in shape, such as necessary to provide the desired jet velocity and therefore, heat transfer without damage to the product.
  • the openings may be, without limitation, stamped into the impingement plates or chamfered.
  • a stamped or less substantially circular opening generally results in more turbulent flow of the mixture than that of a chamfered and/or more substantially circular opening, which decreases efficiency of the heat transfer for larger products, but increases the uniformity of heat transfer for smaller products, such as, without limitation, about 0.25 inch to about 0.75 inch (about 0.6 to about 2 cm) sized chunks or cubes.
  • the distance between the impingement plate and product on the conveyor may be from about 1 inch to about 5 inches (about 2.5 to about 12.7 cm), and in some embodiments, from about 3 inches to about 4 inches (about 7.6 to about 10.2 cm).
  • the distance from the bottom of the impinger to the food product, and the arrangement of the hole pattern on the impingement plate is designed to increase the total heat transfer rate.
  • the mixture of gas and cryogen may be recirculated after initial impingement in order to more efficiently transfer heat from the product relative to the amount of mixture used, with any means for recirculation known in the art.
  • the impingement plate may also be provided with a vibrator or another “deicing” device.
  • the vibrator may be of the electrical variety, however, in one embodiment the vibrator may be a ball valve pneumatically actuated by compressed nitrogen or carbon dioxide gas supplied through conduits at about 414 kPa (60 psi).
  • the vibrations provided by the vibrator prevent snow and ice from building-up or accumulating on the impingement plate.
  • the frequency and time intervals of the vibrations provided by the vibrator may vary depending on the process conditions including the moisture content of the food product, the humidity of the ambient air in and outside the freezer and the temperature of the freezer.
  • the present embodiments are further directed to a process for cooling or freezing products within a chamber including transporting the products on a moving substrate within the chamber, mixing a gas with solid or liquid cryogen to form a mixture, and directing the mixture of gas and solid or liquid cryogen to an impinger, wherein the impinger comprises an impingement plate with openings for providing pressurized impingement jets of the mixture toward the product.
  • the openings of the impingement plate are about 7% to about 12% of the total surface area of the plate, and the plate provides a back pressure restriction in a circulation path of about 220 to about 475 Pa (about 0.9 to about 1.9 inches of water column).
  • the products may be, without limitation, individually quick frozen (IQF) food products, described above.
  • the method of transferring heat from a product, such as a food product, to a cryogen may be accomplished with the use of an impingement hood by which solid or liquid cryogen is sprayed into gas (such as carbon dioxide or nitrogen) circulated to contact the item or food product while using an impinger, such as an impingement plate, to create a stream of cryogen.
  • gas such as carbon dioxide or nitrogen
  • the design and configuration of the impingement plate as described herein increases the heat transferred from the product to the cryogen.
  • the cryogen for example solid carbon dioxide snow or liquid nitrogen, is introduced into an impinging flow of gas, wherein heat transfer occurs with respect to the gas, cryogen, and the product, to cool the product during impingement.
  • the hood may comprise a shell supporting the impinger, the shell optionally being adapted to accommodate a gas circulation device for directing the mixture of gas and solid or liquid cryogen to the impinger.
  • a freezer embodiment including an impingement hood 25 , and which may include a conveyor 13 , impinger 16 including an impingement plate 37 , shell 19 , impeller 22 , and at least a partial enclosure 28 or housing.
  • the embodiment may include a motor 31 that drives the impeller 22 in order to direct a cryogen mixture 34 through the impinger 16 toward and/or onto products 40 being transported on the conveyor 13 .
  • the impeller 22 also collects the mixture 34 for recirculation, in order to ensure efficient use of the mixture 34 .
  • An entrance module 70 has liquid cryogen piping 64 and sprayer 67 which enable a stream of liquid cryogen to be sprayed into the jet of gaseous cryogen circulating within the module and toward and/or onto the conveyor 13 and its carried product.
  • Each module may contain an impinger 16 which enables jets of cryogenic gas to impinge the upper and/or lower surfaces of the food items.
  • the impinger 16 may be a plate having a specific configuration of rounded or chamfered holes.
  • FIGS. 4 and 5 show lengthwise ( FIG. 4 ) and side ( FIG. 5 ) views of an embodiment having a modular configuration.
  • FIG. 4 shows the embodiment wherein multiple modules are in sequence.
  • This modular embodiment comprises a conveyor 13 , impinger 16 comprising an impingement plate 37 (shown in more detail in FIG. 2 ), and an impeller 22 .
  • a motor 31 drives the impeller 22 to force the cryogen mixture 34 through the impinger 16 comprising the impingement plate 37 , toward product on the conveyor 13 .
  • Impeller 22 of entrance module 70 is in fluid communication with intake cone 76 and low pressure plenum 90 and generates a flow of cryogen out of the exit 86 to be circulated as a flow of cryogenic vapor around the interior of the module in accordance with the flow patterns of the mixture 34 represented by arrows in FIG. 5 .
  • the cryogenic vapor flows from exit 86 past sprayer 67 entraining liquid cryogen into the stream and through impinger 16 , thereby impinging cryogen on items on conveyor 13 .
  • a high pressure flow of the cryogen and gas mixture enters high pressure plenum 88 and the impinger 16 (which comprises the top of high pressure plenum 88 below the conveyor) and flows under and through the impinger 16 which provides impingement jets on the underside of the open structure conveyor 13 and product on the conveyor.
  • the warmed gas flows to the low pressure plenum, separated in part by baffle 47 from high pressure plenum 88 , and is taken up by impeller 22 through the intake cone 76 .
  • a series of intermediate modules may be in array or nested together with the entrance module 70 before reaching an exit module 21 .
  • the intermediate 20 and exit 21 modules may comprise a similar system of piping, sprayer, and impinger 16 , and enable a certain length of freezing time depending on the conveyor 13 speed or throughput of product required and the amount of time such product needs to be in the cryogenic environment to reach a desired temperature.
  • the modularity of the freezer provides for any variation in these parameters. Further, modularity allows for local recirculation by allowing recirculation of cryogen to a low pressure area of an individual module for uptake by the impeller 22 through the intake cone 76 .
  • FIG. 6 is an elevational, cross sectional cutaway view of the intermediate module 20 taken through line A-A of FIG. 4 .
  • An impeller 22 powered by motor 31 mounted on top plate 8 as shown in FIG. 5 , circulates the cryogen mixture 34 according to the arrows shown in FIG. 6 .
  • Impingers comprising impingement plates 37 , positioned above and below conveyor 13 , increase the velocity of the gas to generate impingement jets of the cryogen mixture toward product on the conveyor 13 , as the mixture passes from the high pressure plenum 88 to the low pressure plenum 90 within the module.
  • FIG. 2 is a top view of the impingement plate 37 .
  • the impingement plate 37 comprises openings 46 , each opening having a diameter 49 . Openings 46 are spaced apart by radial pitch 52 , axial pitch 55 , and may have a pattern repeat 50 .
  • the open area and size of the openings 46 (holes or apertures) on the impingement plate 37 may range from about 2.8 cm 2 to about 20.5 cm 2 (about 0.44 in 2 to about 3.15 in 2 ).
  • FIG. 3 is a view of a chamfered opening 46 .
  • Opening 46 has a diameter 49 .
  • the chamfer comprises an outer diameter 58 and longitudinal length 61 .
  • the chamfer increases flow efficiency, which in some embodiments may not be desired, as it may focus the flow of cryogen onto the surface of the product. Embodiments without chamfer are also useful as the non-chamfered openings tend to diffuse cryogen flow.
  • the mixture of gas and cryogen may be recirculated after initial impingement in order to more efficiently transfer heat from the product relative to the amount of mixture, using any means for recirculation known in the art, such as the impeller shown in FIGS. 1, 4, and 5 .
  • Table 1 displays the results of testing heat transfer to both flat and IQF products using axial fans, high velocity impingement conventionally used in the industry, and the lower velocity impingement resulting from the presently claimed impinger embodiment.
  • Testing was conducted at minus 100° F. (minus 73 C).
  • the axial fan arrangement used 36 inch diameter axial fans operating at 1750 revolutions per minute with 4 inch blades at a 26 degree pitch.
  • the openings in the impingement plate of the conventional impinger were of approximately 1.5 cm (approximately 0.625 inches) in diameter, and the impingement plate comprised approximately 5.5% open area.
  • These conventional plates typically provide impingement velocities of about 20 or more meters per second (about 4000 feet per minute).
  • the operating pressure was about 622 Pa (2.5 inches water column).
  • Impingement plates according to the present embodiments can be installed or retrofitted in existing impingement freezers to provide more efficient convective heat transfer for irregularly shaped products, such as IQF food products.
  • the impinger apparatus and process of the present embodiments are thus demonstrated as increasing the overall production rate and efficiency of IQF freezing systems. This results in better overall operating efficiency for impingement freezers, allowing potential reduction in equipment size and floor space, and potential reduction in equipment cost.
  • an impinger for cooling or freezing products which may Comprise an impingement plate containing openings for directing impingement jets of a mixture of gas and solid or liquid cryogen toward the products transported on a conveyor; wherein the openings comprise in aggregate an open area of about 7% to about 12% of the total surface area of the impingement plate; wherein the impingement plate provides a back pressure restriction in a circulation path of the mixture of about 220 to about 475 Pa (about 0.9 to about 1.9 inches of water column).
  • the impinger of the first embodiment may include an impingement plate that provides a back pressure restriction in a circulation path of the mixture of about 270 to about 475 Pa (about 1.1 to about 9 inches of water column).
  • the impinger of either the first or subsequent embodiment may further include that the impingement velocity of the mixture through the openings is about 13.7 meters per second to about 17.8 meters per second (about 2700 to about 3500 feet per minute).
  • the impinger of any of the first or subsequent embodiments may further include that the impingement velocity of the mixture through the openings is about 16.2 meters per second at to about 17.8 meters per second (about 3200 to about 3500 feet per minute).
  • the impinger of any of the first or subsequent embodiments may further include that the cross-sectional area of the openings are within the range of about 2.8 cm 2 to about 20.5 cm 2 (about 0.44 in 2 to about 3.15 in 2 ).
  • the impinger of any of the first or subsequent embodiments may further include that the openings are substantially circular holes, each having a diameter in the range of about 1.9 cm to about 5.1 cm (about 0.75 to about 2 inches).
  • the impinger of any of the first or subsequent embodiments may further include that the openings are substantially circular holes, each having a diameter in the range of about 2.5 to about 3.8 centimeters (about 1 to about 1.5 inches).
  • the impinger of any of the first or subsequent embodiments may further include that the openings are punched holes or chamfered holes.
  • the impinger of any of the first or subsequent embodiments may further comprise a vibrator mounted for co-action with the impingement plate.
  • a process for cooling or freezing products within a housing chamber comprising: transporting product on a moving substrate within the chamber; mixing a gas with solid or liquid cryogen to form a mixture; directing the mixture of gas and solid or liquid cryogen to an impinger, the impinger comprising an impingement plate containing openings for providing pressurized impingement jets of the mixture, wherein the openings comprise in aggregate an open area of about 7% to about 12% of the total surface area of the impingement plate and wherein the impingement plate provides a back pressure restriction in a circulation path of the mixture of about 220 Pa to about 475 Pa; and selectively directing the pressurized impingement jets of the mixture from the impingement plate toward the products transported on the substrate.
  • the products may comprise individually quick frozen (IQF) food products.
  • IQF individually quick frozen
  • the impingement jet velocity of the mixture through the openings may be about 13.7 meters per second to about 17.8 meters per second.
  • the process of any of the second or subsequent embodiments may further include that the impingement velocity of the mixture through the openings is about 16.2 meters per second to about 17.8 meters per second.
  • the process of any of the second or subsequent embodiments may further include that the cross-sectional area of the openings are within the range of about 2.8 cm 2 to about 20.5 cm 2 (about 0.44 in 2 to about 3.15 in 2 ).
  • the process of any of the second or subsequent embodiments may further include that the openings are substantially circular holes, each having a diameter in the range of about 1.9 cm to about 5.1 cm (about 0.75 to about 2 inches).
  • the process of any of the second or subsequent embodiments may further include that said mixing of the gas with solid or liquid cryogen occurs at least partially within an at least partially enclosed impingement hood above the substrate, the impingement hood comprising a shell supporting the impinger, the shell being adapted to accommodate a gas circulation device for directing the mixture of gas and solid or liquid cryogen to the impinger.
  • the process of any of the second or subsequent embodiments may further include that the housing chamber comprises a plurality of attached modular enclosures; the process including spraying liquid cryogen in at least one enclosure near the products to form the mixture; circulating the mixture from a low pressure area to create a high pressure area above and below the substrate in each enclosure; directing the mixture through the impinger impingement plate to generate the impingement jets in each enclosure; impinging the products with the impingement jets in each enclosure; and recirculating the mixture to the low pressure area in each enclosure.
  • the process of any of the second or subsequent embodiments may further include re-circulating the mixture of gas and the cryogen after impingement onto the products into the impinger.
  • a method for increasing heat transfer to IQF products in an impingement freezer including installing or retrofitting the impinger of the first or subsequent impinger embodiments as at least one impinger in the freezer.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
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  • Devices That Are Associated With Refrigeration Equipment (AREA)
US15/254,577 2016-09-01 2016-09-01 Method and apparatus for impingement freezing of irregularly shaped products Pending US20180058744A1 (en)

Priority Applications (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US15/254,577 US20180058744A1 (en) 2016-09-01 2016-09-01 Method and apparatus for impingement freezing of irregularly shaped products
PL16206531.2T PL3290834T3 (pl) 2016-09-01 2016-12-23 Element uderzeniowy do chłodzenia lub mrożenia produktów i odpowiedni proces/sposób
DK16206531.2T DK3290834T3 (da) 2016-09-01 2016-12-23 Impinger til afkøling eller nedfrysning af produkter og tilsvarende proces/fremgangsmåde
EP16206531.2A EP3290834B1 (fr) 2016-09-01 2016-12-23 Impacteur servant à refroidir ou congeler des produits et processus/procédé correspondant
ES16206531T ES2927826T3 (es) 2016-09-01 2016-12-23 Impactor para enfriar o congelar productos y proceso/método correspondiente
PCT/US2017/042486 WO2018044405A1 (fr) 2016-09-01 2017-07-18 Procédé et appareil de congélation par impact de produits de forme irrégulière

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US15/254,577 US20180058744A1 (en) 2016-09-01 2016-09-01 Method and apparatus for impingement freezing of irregularly shaped products

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EP (1) EP3290834B1 (fr)
DK (1) DK3290834T3 (fr)
ES (1) ES2927826T3 (fr)
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US20190186804A1 (en) * 2017-12-19 2019-06-20 L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour I'etude Et I'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Apparatus and method for cooling products
CN112268398A (zh) * 2020-10-26 2021-01-26 安徽迈涛食品有限公司 一种用于冷链物流的微冻控制方法
US20210144990A1 (en) * 2018-04-05 2021-05-20 Xu Han Improved ultra-fast cooling system and methods of use
US20210364216A1 (en) * 2020-05-19 2021-11-25 Nitrocrete Ip, Llc Liquid nitrogen dispensing head
WO2022253755A1 (fr) * 2021-06-01 2022-12-08 Messer Se & Co. Kgaa Procédé et dispositif de fabrication de produits surgelés

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US6434950B2 (en) * 2000-01-18 2002-08-20 The Boc Group, Inc. Modular apparatus for cooling and freezing of a food product on a moving substrate
US6877327B2 (en) * 2002-08-20 2005-04-12 The Boc Group, Inc. Flow enhanced tunnel freezer
US20110011097A1 (en) * 2008-03-12 2011-01-20 L'air Liquide Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'ex Ploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Device and Method for Chilling or Deep-Freezing Food Products by Impacting Jets
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Cited By (9)

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US20170127706A1 (en) * 2014-06-13 2017-05-11 John Bean Technologies Ab Temperature treatment apparatus and method for solidifying portions of fluid
US11026440B2 (en) * 2014-06-13 2021-06-08 John Bean Technologies Ab Temperature treatment apparatus and method for solidifying portions of fluid
US20190186804A1 (en) * 2017-12-19 2019-06-20 L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour I'etude Et I'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Apparatus and method for cooling products
US20210144990A1 (en) * 2018-04-05 2021-05-20 Xu Han Improved ultra-fast cooling system and methods of use
US11937596B2 (en) * 2018-04-05 2024-03-26 The Curators Of The University Of Missouri Ultra-fast cooling system and methods of use
US20210364216A1 (en) * 2020-05-19 2021-11-25 Nitrocrete Ip, Llc Liquid nitrogen dispensing head
US11959698B2 (en) * 2020-05-19 2024-04-16 Nitrocrete, LLC Liquid nitrogen dispensing head
CN112268398A (zh) * 2020-10-26 2021-01-26 安徽迈涛食品有限公司 一种用于冷链物流的微冻控制方法
WO2022253755A1 (fr) * 2021-06-01 2022-12-08 Messer Se & Co. Kgaa Procédé et dispositif de fabrication de produits surgelés

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DK3290834T3 (da) 2022-09-12
WO2018044405A1 (fr) 2018-03-08
EP3290834B1 (fr) 2022-08-10
ES2927826T3 (es) 2022-11-11
PL3290834T3 (pl) 2022-10-24
EP3290834A1 (fr) 2018-03-07

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