US20180045341A1 - Method and Apparatus of Making Porous Pipes and Panels Using a Treated Fiber Thread to Weave, Braid or Spin Products - Google Patents
Method and Apparatus of Making Porous Pipes and Panels Using a Treated Fiber Thread to Weave, Braid or Spin Products Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20180045341A1 US20180045341A1 US15/552,868 US201615552868A US2018045341A1 US 20180045341 A1 US20180045341 A1 US 20180045341A1 US 201615552868 A US201615552868 A US 201615552868A US 2018045341 A1 US2018045341 A1 US 2018045341A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- pipe
- epoxy resin
- accordance
- porous pipe
- porous
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 116
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 124
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 114
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 114
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000009941 weaving Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000009954 braiding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 47
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004643 cyanate ester Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001913 cyanates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011152 fibreglass Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920003192 poly(bis maleimide) Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009738 saturating Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009940 knitting Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000003518 caustics Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 26
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 19
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 18
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 17
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000001723 curing Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 7
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 6
- -1 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 5
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003129 oil well Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 3
- JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl urethane Chemical compound CCOC(N)=O JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000004809 Teflon Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005538 encapsulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052582 BN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920002748 Basalt fiber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron nitride Chemical compound N#B PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000009967 Erodium cicutarium Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 240000003759 Erodium cicutarium Species 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- YXTPWUNVHCYOSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis($l^{2}-silanylidene)molybdenum Chemical compound [Si]=[Mo]=[Si] YXTPWUNVHCYOSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004590 computer program Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 229910021343 molybdenum disilicide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000012254 powdered material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001721 transfer moulding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002759 woven fabric Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001651 Cyanoacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- MWCLLHOVUTZFKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl cyanoacrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(=C)C#N MWCLLHOVUTZFKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DWAQJAXMDSEUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bisulfite Chemical compound [Na+].OS([O-])=O DWAQJAXMDSEUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008186 active pharmaceutical agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000003416 augmentation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000005130 benzoxazines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000032798 delamination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009820 dry lamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006332 epoxy adhesive Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000009730 filament winding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N haloperidol Chemical compound C1CC(O)(C=2C=CC(Cl)=CC=2)CCN1CCCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000037 hydrogen sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013824 polyphenols Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004886 process control Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003908 quality control method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009751 slip forming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000010267 sodium hydrogen sulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007779 soft material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010183 spectrum analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- MTPVUVINMAGMJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethyl)silane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F MTPVUVINMAGMJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L11/00—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes
- F16L11/04—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes made of rubber or flexible plastics
- F16L11/08—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes made of rubber or flexible plastics with reinforcements embedded in the wall
- F16L11/085—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes made of rubber or flexible plastics with reinforcements embedded in the wall comprising one or more braided layers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C25/00—Surface treatment of fibres or filaments made from glass, minerals or slags
- C03C25/10—Coating
- C03C25/1095—Coating to obtain coated fabrics
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C25/00—Surface treatment of fibres or filaments made from glass, minerals or slags
- C03C25/10—Coating
- C03C25/24—Coatings containing organic materials
- C03C25/26—Macromolecular compounds or prepolymers
- C03C25/32—Macromolecular compounds or prepolymers obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C03C25/36—Epoxy resins
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/04—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material
- C08J5/0405—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material with inorganic fibres
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/04—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material
- C08J5/0405—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material with inorganic fibres
- C08J5/043—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material with inorganic fibres with glass fibres
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D03—WEAVING
- D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
- D03D1/00—Woven fabrics designed to make specified articles
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D03—WEAVING
- D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
- D03D15/00—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
- D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
- D06M15/37—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D06M15/55—Epoxy resins
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L11/00—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes
- F16L11/04—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes made of rubber or flexible plastics
- F16L11/08—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes made of rubber or flexible plastics with reinforcements embedded in the wall
- F16L11/081—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes made of rubber or flexible plastics with reinforcements embedded in the wall comprising one or more layers of a helically wound cord or wire
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2363/00—Characterised by the use of epoxy resins; Derivatives of epoxy resins
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B2101/00—Inorganic fibres
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B2505/00—Industrial
- D10B2505/02—Reinforcing materials; Prepregs
Definitions
- FIG. 1 a An example of an oil well application using a porous pipe is shown in FIG. 1 a .
- a porous pipe 100 is positioned in the ground and has porous sections 105 that are designed for the intake of oil into the pipe 100 , so it can be pumped to the surface.
- the porous sections 105 of the pipe 100 are positioned in a sandstone reservoir 120 and a limestone reservoir 130 , which are surrounded by shale seals 110 a and 110 b.
- FIG. 1 b shows an example of a slotted liner 150 , comprising a pipe 151 having a plurality of slots 152 , according to the prior art.
- FIG. 1 c shows an example of a porous pipe 160 , comprising a pipe 161 having a plurality of pores 162 , according to the prior art.
- a porous structure such as a pipe is usually made of steel.
- the porosity of prior art slotted liners 150 or porous pipes 160 is determined by the number of slots 152 or holes 16 created in the pipe 151 , 161 .
- Each additional slot 152 or hole 162 that is created in the pipe to increase flow correspondingly decreases the strength of the pipe material.
- the present invention relates to porous pipes having maximum porosity, and methods for making the same, and to porous materials having high tensile strength and caustic resistance that can be used in the creation of porous pipes or other porous products.
- a porous pipe comprising a fabric layer forming a hollow pipe and made from fiber thread; an epoxy resin bound to the fiber thread; and a plurality of pores formed through the pipe and dispersed along the length of the pipe.
- the fabric layer can be created by weaving the fiber thread into a woven material; by spinning the fiber thread into a spun material; by knitting the fiber thread into a knit material or by braiding the fiber thread into a braided material.
- fiber thread can be made from a fiberglass material, a basalt material, or an alternative material.
- the fiber thread is saturated in the epoxy resin to bind the epoxy resin to the fiber thread prior to creating the fabric layer.
- the spaces in between the fiber threads that are not filled by epoxy resin form the pores in the pipe.
- the fabric layer is saturated in the epoxy resin to bind the epoxy resin to the fiber thread while the fabric layer is created from the fiber thread or after the fabric layer is created from the fiber thread.
- Air pressure is applied to the fabric layer saturated in the epoxy resin to remove epoxy resin in spaces in between the fiber threads to form the pores in the pipe and then cured.
- the porous pipe further comprises additive materials configured to adjust one or more properties of the porous pipe, the properties including one or more of thermal or electrical conductivity, friction within the pipe, cure time of the pipe during manufacture or improving the binding of the epoxy resin to the fiber threads.
- the one or more of the additive materials can be combined with the epoxy resin and are applied to the fiber threads simultaneous with the epoxy resin. Additionally or alternatively, one or more additive materials are applied to the fiber threads separately from the epoxy resin.
- the porous pipe can be configured to have at least two sections along the pipe configured with different properties, including one or more of different pore sizes, thermal or electrical conductivity, friction inside the pipe or structural integrity.
- the epoxy resin of the porous pipe comprises polyamides, bismaleimides and cyanate esters.
- the porous pipe according to the first aspect comprising one or more sensors configured to provide feedback on a fluid flow through the porous pipe.
- the pores are provided through the fabric layer along the entire length of the pipe.
- a method for creating a porous pipe comprises forming a fabric layer from a fiber thread, wherein the fabric layer is formed into the shape of a hollow pipe; binding an epoxy resin to the fiber thread; and creating a plurality of pores through the pipe dispersed along the length of the pipe.
- forming the fabric layer may comprise weaving the fiber thread into a woven material; forming the fabric layer comprises spinning the fiber thread into a spun material; by knitting the fiber thread into a knit material or braiding the fiber thread into a braided material.
- the fiber thread can be made from a fiberglass material, a basalt material or an alternative material.
- the method further comprises saturating the fiber thread in the epoxy resin to bind the epoxy resin to the fiber thread prior to forming the fabric layer.
- the spaces in between the fiber threads that are not filled by epoxy resin form the pores in the pipe.
- the method further comprises saturating the fabric layer in the epoxy resin to bind the epoxy resin to the fiber thread during the formation of the fabric layer from the fiber thread or after the formation of the fabric layer from the fiber thread.
- the method further comprises applying air pressure to the fabric layer saturated in the epoxy resin to remove epoxy resin in spaces in between the fiber threads to form the pores in the pipe and then curing the pipe.
- the method further may further comprise providing additive materials configured to adjust one or more properties of the porous pipe, the properties including one or more of thermal or electrical conductivity, friction within the pipe, cure time of the pipe during manufacture or improving the binding of the epoxy resin to the fiber threads.
- the method may further comprise combining one or more additive materials with the epoxy resin and applying the additive materials to the fiber threads simultaneous with the epoxy resin. Additionally or alternatively, the method may further comprise applying one or more additive materials to the fiber threads separately from the epoxy resin.
- the method may further comprise providing the porous pipe with at least two sections along the pipe configured with different properties, including one or more of different pore sizes, thermal or electrical conductivity, friction inside the pipe or structural integrity.
- the epoxy resin may comprise polyamides, bismaleimides and cyanate esters.
- the method may further comprise integrating one or more sensors in the porous pipe configured to provide feedback on a fluid flow through the porous pipe.
- the pores are created through the fabric layer along the entire length of the pipe.
- FIG. 1 a shows a porous pipe in an oil well in accordance with the prior art
- FIG. 1 b shows a slotted liner in accordance with the prior art
- FIG. 1 c shows a porous pipe in accordance with the prior art
- FIG. 2 a shows a side view of a porous pipe in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 2 b shows an interior view of a porous pipe in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 2 c shows an inner surface of a porous pipe in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 3 shows an example of a wide woven panel of material with porous flow paths for use in a porous pipe in accordance with the present invention
- FIG. 4 shows an example of a filament fiber in accordance with the present invention
- FIG. 5 a shows an example of a satin weave of fiber filament without epoxy resin, in accordance with the present invention
- FIG. 5 b shows an example of a tri-axial weave of a fiber filament without epoxy resin, in accordance with the present invention
- FIG. 6 a shows an example of a bundled fiber filament without epoxy resin, in accordance with the present invention
- FIG. 6 b shows an example of a bundled fiber plain weave of fiber without epoxy resin, in accordance with the present invention
- FIG. 7 a shows a first example of a biaxial braided pipe of twisted yarn without epoxy resin, in accordance with the present invention
- FIG. 7 b shows a second example of a biaxial braided pipe of twisted yarn without epoxy resin, in accordance with the present invention
- FIG. 8 a shows a process for manufacture of porous pipe in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 8 b shows a process for manufacture of porous fiber material in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 9 a shows an example of braiding porous pipe in accordance with the present invention.
- FIG. 9 b shows an example of spinning pipe in accordance with the present invention.
- a fibrous porous pipe is providing having the entire surface area of the porous pipe is made porous.
- An example of a porous pipe 200 in accordance with the present invention is shown in FIGS. 2 a -2 c .
- the amount of porosity is determined by the weave, knit, braid or spin, and the size of the flow paths created.
- FIGS. 1 b and 1 c by providing a pipe according to the teachings hereof that is porous across its entire surface area, flow of fluids through the pipe is increased and maximized.
- porous pipe can be created in at least two manners.
- the porous pipe can be created by treating the fiber threads with epoxy resin before the braiding, knitting, weaving or spinning occurs and not saturating the surface area of the pipe or panel. This leaves flow paths for fluids between the fiber threads and structural strength at the bonding points where the fiber threads meet.
- a pipe is woven from the fibrous material and is saturated with the epoxy resin, and is then subjected to a blower which clears epoxy resin residing between fibers.
- the size of the flow paths or pores determines the total porosity of the product. If the pores are small, the pipe or panel can be used for filtering applications.
- FIG. 3 shows a woven, braided or spun material 300 of fibers 301 in a grid structure, provided with a wide weave to create flow paths.
- an epoxy resin bonding point 302 is made to hold the structure 300 together.
- the amount of epoxy resin is chosen so as to create the desired tensile strength in the structure 300 .
- the space between bonding points 302 allows for fluid flow through pores 303 , also referred to as flow paths. For a given grid size, there is a tradeoff in the amount of epoxy used at each bonding point 302 . If the space that is occupied by epoxy increases by increasing the amount of epoxy used or decreasing the air pressure applied to the epoxy resin soaked pipe, the strength of the structure increases, but the porosity decreases.
- a fiber thread is used that is grooved or cut, which allows epoxy adhesive, which can be made primarily of similar material as the thread to reside internally in the threads to mechanically and chemically bond the joint between fiber threads.
- the possible fiber base materials include basalt, stainless steel, steel, iron, aluminum, carbon fiber, Teflon, polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), fiberglass such as E-glass, urethane and S-2.
- the fiber material allows multiple processing and design formats for combining with the epoxy resin, including spray, transfer molding, soaking or encapsulation to ensure complete adherence and strength created by the use of the base material.
- the epoxy resin is used to encapsulate or saturate the woven, non-woven or blended materials, creating a material capable of withstanding high temperatures and pressures, which outperforms prior art materials.
- the epoxy resin may consist of 25-75% (by volume) polyamides, 5-25% (by volume) bismaleimides and 2-7% (by volume) cyanate esters. Filler materials can also be included in the volume of the epoxy resin. By mixing these components and adding additive materials, and then treating fiber with the resulting combination, variable product characteristics can be achieved. By adjusting the additives, the product characteristics change.
- An advantage of the epoxy is its high heat capability and the ability to change the heat and electrical conductivity of the final products, while maintaining the tensile strength of the fiber used.
- Additives such as in the form of fine spheres and/or powdered material, can be mixed with the epoxy base materials to adjust the epoxy resin to the required product specifications.
- the additives listed in Table 1 can be used with the epoxy resin to adjust the product characteristics required, and can be used with any of the aforementioned fiber base materials.
- the epoxy resin base materials and additives are mixed under a process that controls the production of a strong epoxy bond to the chosen fiber.
- the epoxy resin can be sprayed on the mantle of an extrusion or spinning pipe machine or weaving machine, and in doing so, the epoxy resin can be mixed and adjusted with additives of to achieve the planned product specifications.
- the epoxy resin can also be applied to the fiber thread using other methods.
- An important condition that must be met is the adhesion of the spheres or other additives that conduct or reject thermal transfer via the epoxy resin. This is accomplished using an epoxy formula that controls the makeup of the material to achieve a product that has excellent resistance to moisture, oxidation, alkaline, shock, acid and solvent. Full encapsulation is accomplished by adding or reducing plasticizers formulated in the epoxy resin.
- an epoxy formula of methyl-based or cyanoacrylate-modified additives may be used to adjust the cure time of the product.
- Each of the coatings positively affects the barcol hardness and fluid dynamics of the surface conditions inside the pipe.
- Coatings may be applied internally and/or externally to the surface during production.
- the additives combined with epoxy resin can create adhesion and eliminate the potential of dry lamination between the epoxy and the fabric.
- Standard temperature capability ranges may be accomplished, ranging from 250° C. to 700° C.
- the temperature capability of a planned product can be achieved by parametric entry of data that will instruct the machine manufacturing the material how to control the mixing and application of additives and coatings.
- the machinery used for creating the porous pipe and material is provided with sensors that verify the adjustments required for each mix and use of the epoxy resin. These sensors may be placed at the extruding location and the form controlling section of the machinery.
- Extreme temperature requirements for the finished material may result in an adjustment in the epoxy resin formula, causing some additives to be titanium carbide-based, which will allow for the capacity to reach extreme high temperatures and extreme pressures. Temperature resistances may be reached as high as 2800° F. and can be adjusted to match the requirements of the application.
- Sensors including X-ray and spectral analysis, can determine the chemical reaction within the interchange of the epoxy, the additives and the coatings applied during extrusion. Viscous flow and crystallization may be determined during sample or pilot production once the data has been entered and the epoxy formula is adjusted. Distortion of the crystallization alignment and its orientation are verified and tested during this inspection.
- the methods of the present invention for creation of the epoxy with additives allows for the adjustment and control of the flexibility, the modular strength, the sheer, the tensile stress capacities and the complete control of the exposure to high temperature or temperature variances.
- Esther linkages may be adjusted by material augmentation to create post-cure relaxation of the combination of epoxy resin and fiber formed in the shape of a round pipe or woven fabric. Off-gas and post-cure time are dependent upon the formula and catalyst of the epoxy resin.
- the epoxy resin uses standard, known high temperature materials with the addition of thermal adjustable, encapsulated, coatings and bonded shapes that allow fiber and connectivity to work toward a superior energy output. Cost and existing conditions may be applied to each extrusion.
- the thickness, weight and modulus density of the epoxy resin may be reduced to less than the comparative alternative materials.
- This epoxy fabric material will be adjustable to depth pressure gradients as seen in field applications.
- the transfer of heat specifically may be customized and tuned to match the requirements and output unit to generate energy.
- Coatings of the epoxy resin that are applied to the porous pipe post-cure may be derived of boron nitride or molybdenum disilicide, capable of withstanding temperatures well over 1000° C. to 1200° C.
- the coating can reduce production cost and reduce friction inside of the porous pipe and be impregnated directly into the epoxy and fabric.
- the finish and surface design may be adjusted for speed and accuracy in the transfer of fluids flowing through the pipe.
- Using the epoxy resin with fillers and additives to create thermal and electric conductivity or non-conductivity can be designed and changed dynamically by selecting the correct percentages of the additives used to create the epoxy. Designed filler materials can be added that will not weaken the composite but add to the variability of the result. Filler materials can be included with the epoxy resin particularly where the cost of the epoxy resin used is high, to reduce the amount of epoxy resin required. Use of the materials and the additives will control mixing, hardening and surface conditioning that will allow for the adjustment to create custom pipes or material weaves to meet each environmental condition and location required for a product.
- porous pipe As the porous pipe is created, different sections of the pipe can be treated with different epoxy resins mixed with different additives. As a result, the properties of the porous pipe can be varied along the length of the pipe. For example, different sections of pipe can be configured to have different levels of thermal conductivity. Epoxy resin ingredients and formula may be blended to thermally adjust to temperature retention or temperature conductivity.
- the fibrous thread-like material is woven, knit, braided or spun into a fabric that forms the underlying porous pipe material.
- Different weaves, braiding and spinning formations change the performance of the products, examples of which are shown in FIGS. 5, 6 and 7 .
- a woven or braided pipe has a higher tensile strength than a spun pipe.
- FIG. 5 a shows a satin fabric weave 500 a , woven with nine micron basalt filament. The fabric is shown without epoxy resin so as to better show the woven structure.
- FIG. 5 b a tri-axial fabric weave 500 b is shown, woven with thirteen micron basalt filament, without epoxy resin.
- FIG. 6 a shows a bundled eleven micron basalt filament 600 a .
- a plain weave 600 b is shown using bundled basalt fiber filament, such as bundled filament 600 a .
- the plain woven fabric 600 b of FIG. 6 b is shown without epoxy resin.
- FIGS. 7 a and 7 b show examples of biaxial braided fabric structures without epoxy resin for clarity.
- FIG. 7 a shows a biaxial braided pipe 700 a having a diameter of five centimeters, woven from basalt twisted yarn.
- FIG. 7 b shows a biaxial braided pipe 700 b having a diameter of twenty centimeters, woven from basalt twisted yarn.
- air pressure can be applied to the created material to clear out epoxy resin that may have collected in the flow paths.
- machines are designed for filament winding, production of pipe and weaving of fabric. Examples are shown in FIGS. 8 a and 8 b as well as FIGS. 9 a and 9 b.
- the machinery for creating the porous pipe structure may include a rotating mandrel, plate, beams and may also include an inspection station. Such a machine supports filament placement at varying axes and rotations around the spinning mandrel.
- the filament Before spinning or weaving a filament, the filament may be preconditioned and saturated through a bath of epoxy resin formulated with two parts to activate its cure time. As the filament approaches the mandrel or the weaving point, injection ports may be provided to inject or spray thermally conductive (or non-conductive) spheres or powdered materials. Inspection and visual control may be fed back to one or more control systems to control the buildup thickness, strength, elasticity, and size as the pipe or fabric is manufactured. This process is continuous or runs for as long as the materials are provided. The control systems can be programmed to accept and adopt multiple choices of thermally conductive (or non-conductive) material.
- a continuous supply of filament which can be spooled by a creel of materials chosen by the consumer specifically for an applicable use and site.
- a creel of materials chosen by the consumer specifically for an applicable use and site.
- Full inspection may be conducted through visual sensors, spectral sensors, off gas sensors and other hyper spectral detection methods.
- the machine process and sensor process controls the hardening and coating to ensure the correct ground insertion and flow characteristics. The control may provide that no harmful off gases are created during the manufacturing process.
- a blower may be used to apply air pressure to the pipe material to clear out any epoxy resin that may have filled any flow paths.
- the pipes can be continuously formed at their full, desired length for at the time of use.
- Pipes can be manufactured at fixed lengths and seamed or welded as one. Pressure variances will not affect the splicing or lamination to create the extreme length required of these pipes.
- the porous pipes can also be manufactured in the field to create seamless installations. Pre-woven, braided or spun pipes can be spooled and shipped prior to application of the epoxy resin, and the porous pipe manufacturing can be completed on-site. Similarly, spooled threads of fibrous material can be provided for use in manufacturing the porous pipe on-site.
- Wrap angles are variable on such machines, and allow for adjustment of strength in coordination with pressure and strength requirements. Filament density enhances the wrap angle to accomplish additional strengths.
- Machinery required to create the porous pipes from its woven material may be small and portable. Such portable manufacturing machines can be moved to a jobsite so the logistic cost of production can be greatly reduced. Such production machines will have elongation, non-conductivity or conductivity properties, high specific strengths and elastic energy absorption. Pressure resistance may be created by modification within the program of such a machine.
- machined threading may be applied so as to enable splicing if necessary. These machined ends can be accomplished on the machine to the API 5 B standard. In this way, breakage and failure will be at its minimal. Inspection may be maintained during the construction of pipe of any fonn to ensure the quality of each pipe.
- fillers and additives to create thermal and electric conductivity or non-conductivity can be designed and changed dynamically during the manufacturing process. Fillers of materials can be added that will not weaken the composite, but add to the variability of the result. Use of materials and their additives that will control mixing, hardening and surface conditioning will allow for the adjustment to create custom pipe or material weave to meet each environmental condition and location.
- FIG. 8 a shows an exemplary manufacturing process used for porous pipes
- FIG. 8 b shows an exemplary manufacturing process used for creating porous material, which can be used for the porous pipes or applications other than the porous pipes.
- Both figures include the process for creating the required fiber thread. These methods can be performed using any combination of the techniques (knitting, braiding, spinning or weaving), and fiber base materials, additives and epoxy resin described herein, or other materials that a person of skill in the art would find suitable for achieving the same purpose.
- FIGS. 8 a and 8 b depict machinery that produces fiber pipe and woven material seamlessly to meet the following submitted flexible parameters: length, tensile strength, diameter, thickness, thermal characteristics, electrical characteristics, chemical resistance, flexibility, capacity, pressure, portability.
- the amount of additives to achieve particular advantages may vary in cost and application.
- the combination of fibrous material with epoxy resin and additives allows material design to match different applications and thus reduce the high cost previously associated with pipe processing.
- the cost of both an epoxy-based high temperature resin and a high temperature fiber will allow low-cost and high-volume manufacturing of porous pipe.
- the initial fiber material is collected and provided to the manufacturing machinery.
- the initial fiber material can be E-glass.
- Other materials may be used in further embodiments, such as basalt, stainless steel, steel, iron, aluminum, carbon fiber, Teflon, polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), urethane and S-2.
- step 802 a the material is crushed by a crusher and treated. The crushed and treated material is then provided to a centrifuge, where it is spun and heated in step 803 a . While the material is being spun in the centrifuge, any additive materials that are to be included in order to alter one or more properties of the final product as described previously can be added in step 804 a .
- a thread die forms the fiber into a thread.
- the fiber thread Prior to beginning the pipe spinning process, the fiber thread can be spooled in step 806 a . Alternatively, the fiber thread can be fed directly into the pipe knitting, spinning, weaving and braiding process.
- step 807 a 1 additives can be supplied as described herein, to saturate the thread before it is spun, knit, braided or woven.
- the epoxy resin may also be supplied at this stage, prior to forming the pipe structure, to saturate the threaded material.
- the thread is formed into a pipe.
- the thread can be braided, knit, woven or spun into a number of patterns as previously described, including plain, satin, twill, crowfoot, flat, biaxial or tri-axial.
- the diameter of the pipe is dependent on the changeable mandrel ( 809 a ). A different mandrel is used for different pipe sizes.
- step 808 a the epoxy resin is added, if not added prior to the formation of the pipe structure.
- the epoxy resin can be applied to the fiber threads while the pipe is being woven, knit, spun or braided, such as by coating the mandrel, or applied after the pipe is formed.
- the epoxy resin may also be mixed with one or more additives in addition to or in lieu of providing additives in step 807 a 1 .
- a blower is used to clear any epoxy resin that may have collected in the pores between fiber threads by applying air pressure is applied to the saturated pipe.
- the application of air pressure can vary in duration or amount over the length of the pipe so that some sections of pipe may have a pore size that differs from other sections of the pipe.
- step 811 a the completed and uncured pipe, if necessary, can now be shaped.
- a hydraulic press produces force against the rollers that shape the pipe.
- rollers may be used to apply force to shape the soft pipe.
- the shape of the pipe may vary depending on the number of rollers utilized. Two rollers create an oblong shape, three rollers create a triangular shape and four rollers create a rectangular shape.
- Curing can vary depending on the composition of the pipe which could include ultraviolet treatment, heat treatment, or other methods of curing.
- the pipe can be cut into the appropriate lengths. Cutting does not need to occur in certain instances; such as if the pipe created is for laying continuous pipe with a portable fabrication unit.
- a control system 815 a monitors and controls all the steps in the fabrication process. It accepts control input (parameters) for the timing and control of all events.
- the control system may comprise a non-transitory computer readable medium stored with a computer program and a processor configured to cause the execution of the program, which specifies the buildup construction of each and every product.
- the program can vary the fiber, the epoxy, the catalysts and open time as well as thermal condition specifically located on each and every product.
- the initial fiber material is collected and provided to the manufacturing machinery.
- the initial fiber material can be E-glass.
- Other materials may be used in further embodiments, such as basalt, stainless steel, steel, iron, aluminum, carbon fiber, Teflon, polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), urethane and S-2.
- the material is crushed by a crusher and treated. The crushed and treated material is then provided to a centrifuge, where it is spun and heated in step 803 b . While the material is being spun in the centrifuge, any additive materials that are to be included in order to alter one or more properties of the final product as described previously can be added in step 804 b .
- a thread die forms the fiber into a thread.
- the fiber thread Prior to beginning the material formation process, the fiber thread can be spooled in step 806 b . Alternatively, the fiber thread can be fed directly into the material formation process.
- additives can be supplied as described herein used to saturate the fabric before it is knit, spun, braided or woven.
- the epoxy resin may also be supplied at this stage to saturate the threaded material.
- step 807 b 2 the thread is woven, knit, spun or braided into material the size of the material is dependent on the capabilities of the process used. The dimensions of the material are determined by the process used. Different techniques and machines can be used for different material sizes.
- the epoxy resin can be added, if not previously added before the weaving/spinning/knitting/braiding step.
- the epoxy resin can be applied to the fiber threads while the material is being woven, spun knit or braided, or applied after the material is formed.
- the epoxy resin may also be mixed with one or more additives in addition to or in lieu of providing additives in step 807 b 1 .
- a blower applies air pressure to the material to clear out any epoxy resin that may have collected in the flow paths.
- the application of air pressure can vary in duration or amount over the length of the material so that some sections of the material may have a pore size that differs from other sections of the material.
- step 810 b The completed and uncured material, if necessary, can now be shaped in step 810 b .
- a hydraulic press produces force against a stamping tool that shapes the material.
- the stamping tool applies force to shape the soft material.
- the curing, coating and sensor insertion occur, as needed by the material to be formed, in step 813 b .
- Coatings can enhance the features of the material while in use.
- Sensor insertion can create material that can report back information during operating conditions. Curing can vary depending on the composition of the pipe which could include ultraviolet treatment, heat treatment or other methods of curing.
- step 814 b the material can be cut into the proper lengths or dimensions. Cutting does not occur in certain instances, such as if creating rolls of material.
- a control system 815 b monitors and controls all the steps in the fabrication process. It accepts control input (parameters) for the timing and control of all events.
- the control system may comprise a non-transitory computer readable medium stored with a computer program and a processor configured to cause the execution of the program, which specifies the buildup construction of each and every product.
- the program can vary the fiber, the epoxy, the catalysts and open time as well as thermal condition specifically located on each and every product.
- the control system 815 a or 815 b can be configured to: thin, thicken and change weave orientation dynamically per entered parametric values to create strength, flexibility and thermal characteristics; monitor temperature, density and refresh rates for quality control; be parametrically controlled for external input to build pipe and/or material to exact performance requirements; match flow rate to maintain thermal range, tension of surrounding materials, corrosive resistance and other properties to insure product stability; compensate for angle, depth and longevity via surface tension; allow for dynamic shape adjustments to allow for product variability; allow for a unique die design during manufacturing of the material for product shaping; allow for variable curing techniques like: ultra-violate, heat and chemical treatment; allow for coating of one or both sides of the pipe and/or material for additional performance features; allows for designed pushing or insertion pressure at the mandrel to control and balance the process to eliminate any damage; allow for the cutting or continuous fabrication depending on requirements; allow for product use immediately after fabrication with an initial cure period of, for example, 24 hours and permanent curing after, for example, 7 days; and allow for pultruding or extrud
- FIG. 9 a shows a braiding pipe process and FIG. 9 b shows a spinning pipe process.
- the product characteristics which can vary depending on the presence of further additives, include: high strength, light weight, stability, moisture, fire and chemical resistance, thermal and electric conductivity, adjustable thermal conductivity, elasticity, resistance to stress corrosion, resistance to oil field chemicals, easy spooling, on-site manufacturability, ductile behavior, flexibility, cost effectiveness, high elongation, elastic energy absorption, resistance to electromagnetic interference, variable insulation property and zero delamination potential.
- Example characteristics of a porous material and pipe made from a basalt fiber are shown in Tables 2-4.
Abstract
Description
- This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/119,497, filed Feb. 23, 2015, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
- Currently, porous pipes are used in oil wells, gas wells, water wells, drainage, and other applications where fluid flow into or out of the pipe is required. An example of an oil well application using a porous pipe is shown in
FIG. 1a . In the example shown inFIG. 1a , aporous pipe 100 is positioned in the ground and hasporous sections 105 that are designed for the intake of oil into thepipe 100, so it can be pumped to the surface. Theporous sections 105 of thepipe 100 are positioned in asandstone reservoir 120 and alimestone reservoir 130, which are surrounded byshale seals - The porosity of the porous pipes is created by creating slots or holes in the pipes or materials used in making the pipes to allow flow to occur.
FIG. 1b shows an example of aslotted liner 150, comprising apipe 151 having a plurality ofslots 152, according to the prior art.FIG. 1c shows an example of aporous pipe 160, comprising apipe 161 having a plurality ofpores 162, according to the prior art. - For oil wells, a porous structure such as a pipe is usually made of steel. Referring to
FIGS. 1b and 1c , the porosity of prior art slottedliners 150 orporous pipes 160 is determined by the number ofslots 152 or holes 16 created in thepipe additional slot 152 orhole 162 that is created in the pipe to increase flow correspondingly decreases the strength of the pipe material. - The present invention relates to porous pipes having maximum porosity, and methods for making the same, and to porous materials having high tensile strength and caustic resistance that can be used in the creation of porous pipes or other porous products.
- According to a first aspect of the invention, a porous pipe is provided comprising a fabric layer forming a hollow pipe and made from fiber thread; an epoxy resin bound to the fiber thread; and a plurality of pores formed through the pipe and dispersed along the length of the pipe. The fabric layer can be created by weaving the fiber thread into a woven material; by spinning the fiber thread into a spun material; by knitting the fiber thread into a knit material or by braiding the fiber thread into a braided material. According further to the first aspect of the invention, fiber thread can be made from a fiberglass material, a basalt material, or an alternative material.
- According to an embodiment of the porous pipe in accordance with the first aspect of the invention, the fiber thread is saturated in the epoxy resin to bind the epoxy resin to the fiber thread prior to creating the fabric layer. The spaces in between the fiber threads that are not filled by epoxy resin form the pores in the pipe.
- According to a further embodiment of the porous pipe in accordance with the first aspect of the invention, the fabric layer is saturated in the epoxy resin to bind the epoxy resin to the fiber thread while the fabric layer is created from the fiber thread or after the fabric layer is created from the fiber thread. Air pressure is applied to the fabric layer saturated in the epoxy resin to remove epoxy resin in spaces in between the fiber threads to form the pores in the pipe and then cured.
- According further to the first aspect of the invention, the porous pipe further comprises additive materials configured to adjust one or more properties of the porous pipe, the properties including one or more of thermal or electrical conductivity, friction within the pipe, cure time of the pipe during manufacture or improving the binding of the epoxy resin to the fiber threads. The one or more of the additive materials can be combined with the epoxy resin and are applied to the fiber threads simultaneous with the epoxy resin. Additionally or alternatively, one or more additive materials are applied to the fiber threads separately from the epoxy resin. The porous pipe can be configured to have at least two sections along the pipe configured with different properties, including one or more of different pore sizes, thermal or electrical conductivity, friction inside the pipe or structural integrity.
- According further to the first aspect of the invention, the epoxy resin of the porous pipe comprises polyamides, bismaleimides and cyanate esters.
- The porous pipe according to the first aspect comprising one or more sensors configured to provide feedback on a fluid flow through the porous pipe.
- According further to the first aspect of the invention, the pores are provided through the fabric layer along the entire length of the pipe.
- According to a second aspect of the present invention, a method for creating a porous pipe is provided. The method for creating the porous pipe comprises forming a fabric layer from a fiber thread, wherein the fabric layer is formed into the shape of a hollow pipe; binding an epoxy resin to the fiber thread; and creating a plurality of pores through the pipe dispersed along the length of the pipe. According to the second aspect of the invention, forming the fabric layer may comprise weaving the fiber thread into a woven material; forming the fabric layer comprises spinning the fiber thread into a spun material; by knitting the fiber thread into a knit material or braiding the fiber thread into a braided material. According further to method of creating porous pipe in accordance with the second aspect of the invention, the fiber thread can be made from a fiberglass material, a basalt material or an alternative material.
- According to one embodiment of the method according to the second aspect of the invention, the method further comprises saturating the fiber thread in the epoxy resin to bind the epoxy resin to the fiber thread prior to forming the fabric layer. The spaces in between the fiber threads that are not filled by epoxy resin form the pores in the pipe.
- According to a further embodiment of the method according to the second aspect of the invention, the method further comprises saturating the fabric layer in the epoxy resin to bind the epoxy resin to the fiber thread during the formation of the fabric layer from the fiber thread or after the formation of the fabric layer from the fiber thread. The method further comprises applying air pressure to the fabric layer saturated in the epoxy resin to remove epoxy resin in spaces in between the fiber threads to form the pores in the pipe and then curing the pipe.
- According further to the method according to the second aspect of the invention, the method further may further comprise providing additive materials configured to adjust one or more properties of the porous pipe, the properties including one or more of thermal or electrical conductivity, friction within the pipe, cure time of the pipe during manufacture or improving the binding of the epoxy resin to the fiber threads. The method may further comprise combining one or more additive materials with the epoxy resin and applying the additive materials to the fiber threads simultaneous with the epoxy resin. Additionally or alternatively, the method may further comprise applying one or more additive materials to the fiber threads separately from the epoxy resin. According to certain embodiments of the method of the second aspect of the invention the method may further comprise providing the porous pipe with at least two sections along the pipe configured with different properties, including one or more of different pore sizes, thermal or electrical conductivity, friction inside the pipe or structural integrity.
- According further to the second aspect of the invention, the epoxy resin may comprise polyamides, bismaleimides and cyanate esters.
- According further to the second aspect of the invention, the method may further comprise integrating one or more sensors in the porous pipe configured to provide feedback on a fluid flow through the porous pipe.
- According further to the second aspect of the invention, the pores are created through the fabric layer along the entire length of the pipe.
-
FIG. 1a shows a porous pipe in an oil well in accordance with the prior art; -
FIG. 1b shows a slotted liner in accordance with the prior art; -
FIG. 1c shows a porous pipe in accordance with the prior art; -
FIG. 2a shows a side view of a porous pipe in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 2b shows an interior view of a porous pipe in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 2c shows an inner surface of a porous pipe in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 3 shows an example of a wide woven panel of material with porous flow paths for use in a porous pipe in accordance with the present invention; -
FIG. 4 shows an example of a filament fiber in accordance with the present invention; -
FIG. 5a shows an example of a satin weave of fiber filament without epoxy resin, in accordance with the present invention; -
FIG. 5b shows an example of a tri-axial weave of a fiber filament without epoxy resin, in accordance with the present invention; -
FIG. 6a shows an example of a bundled fiber filament without epoxy resin, in accordance with the present invention; -
FIG. 6b shows an example of a bundled fiber plain weave of fiber without epoxy resin, in accordance with the present invention; -
FIG. 7a shows a first example of a biaxial braided pipe of twisted yarn without epoxy resin, in accordance with the present invention; -
FIG. 7b shows a second example of a biaxial braided pipe of twisted yarn without epoxy resin, in accordance with the present invention; -
FIG. 8a shows a process for manufacture of porous pipe in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 8b shows a process for manufacture of porous fiber material in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 9a shows an example of braiding porous pipe in accordance with the present invention; and -
FIG. 9b shows an example of spinning pipe in accordance with the present invention. - The present invention will now be described with reference made to the Figures.
- According to the present invention, a fibrous porous pipe is providing having the entire surface area of the porous pipe is made porous. An example of a
porous pipe 200 in accordance with the present invention is shown inFIGS. 2a-2c . The amount of porosity is determined by the weave, knit, braid or spin, and the size of the flow paths created. In contrast to the structures ofFIGS. 1b and 1c , by providing a pipe according to the teachings hereof that is porous across its entire surface area, flow of fluids through the pipe is increased and maximized. - Using a fiber such as micron basalt filament or E-glass in a weaving, braiding or spinning process with the proper epoxy resin, various products can be created that have porous flow paths for fluids along the entire surface area of a pipe or panel. The porous pipe according to the invention can be created in at least two manners. According to a first method, the porous pipe can be created by treating the fiber threads with epoxy resin before the braiding, knitting, weaving or spinning occurs and not saturating the surface area of the pipe or panel. This leaves flow paths for fluids between the fiber threads and structural strength at the bonding points where the fiber threads meet. According to a second method for creating the porous pipe according to the invention, a pipe is woven from the fibrous material and is saturated with the epoxy resin, and is then subjected to a blower which clears epoxy resin residing between fibers.
- The size of the flow paths or pores determines the total porosity of the product. If the pores are small, the pipe or panel can be used for filtering applications.
-
FIG. 3 shows a woven, braided or spunmaterial 300 offibers 301 in a grid structure, provided with a wide weave to create flow paths. At the points where thefibers 301 intersect, an epoxyresin bonding point 302 is made to hold thestructure 300 together. The amount of epoxy resin is chosen so as to create the desired tensile strength in thestructure 300. The space between bonding points 302 allows for fluid flow throughpores 303, also referred to as flow paths. For a given grid size, there is a tradeoff in the amount of epoxy used at eachbonding point 302. If the space that is occupied by epoxy increases by increasing the amount of epoxy used or decreasing the air pressure applied to the epoxy resin soaked pipe, the strength of the structure increases, but the porosity decreases. - A fiber thread is used that is grooved or cut, which allows epoxy adhesive, which can be made primarily of similar material as the thread to reside internally in the threads to mechanically and chemically bond the joint between fiber threads. The possible fiber base materials include basalt, stainless steel, steel, iron, aluminum, carbon fiber, Teflon, polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), fiberglass such as E-glass, urethane and S-2.
- The fiber material allows multiple processing and design formats for combining with the epoxy resin, including spray, transfer molding, soaking or encapsulation to ensure complete adherence and strength created by the use of the base material.
- The epoxy resin is used to encapsulate or saturate the woven, non-woven or blended materials, creating a material capable of withstanding high temperatures and pressures, which outperforms prior art materials.
- The epoxy resin may consist of 25-75% (by volume) polyamides, 5-25% (by volume) bismaleimides and 2-7% (by volume) cyanate esters. Filler materials can also be included in the volume of the epoxy resin. By mixing these components and adding additive materials, and then treating fiber with the resulting combination, variable product characteristics can be achieved. By adjusting the additives, the product characteristics change. An advantage of the epoxy is its high heat capability and the ability to change the heat and electrical conductivity of the final products, while maintaining the tensile strength of the fiber used.
- Additives, such as in the form of fine spheres and/or powdered material, can be mixed with the epoxy base materials to adjust the epoxy resin to the required product specifications.
- The additives listed in Table 1 can be used with the epoxy resin to adjust the product characteristics required, and can be used with any of the aforementioned fiber base materials.
-
TABLE 1 Additives and Respective Primary Impact Additive Impact Phenolics (micrometer spheres) Insulation (Thermal & Electric) Filler Benzoxazines Low conductivity - Increase adhesiveness Phthalonitrites (micrometer spheres) High conductivity Xeon gas Allows low temperature Molybdenum disilicide (coating) Reduce cost/friction Boron nitride (coating) Reduce cost/friction Methyl Cure time Cyanoacrylate Cure time - The epoxy resin base materials and additives are mixed under a process that controls the production of a strong epoxy bond to the chosen fiber. In one embodiment, the epoxy resin can be sprayed on the mantle of an extrusion or spinning pipe machine or weaving machine, and in doing so, the epoxy resin can be mixed and adjusted with additives of to achieve the planned product specifications. As previously described, the epoxy resin can also be applied to the fiber thread using other methods.
- An important condition that must be met is the adhesion of the spheres or other additives that conduct or reject thermal transfer via the epoxy resin. This is accomplished using an epoxy formula that controls the makeup of the material to achieve a product that has excellent resistance to moisture, oxidation, alkaline, shock, acid and solvent. Full encapsulation is accomplished by adding or reducing plasticizers formulated in the epoxy resin.
- For high-speed coatings, an epoxy formula of methyl-based or cyanoacrylate-modified additives may be used to adjust the cure time of the product. Each of the coatings positively affects the barcol hardness and fluid dynamics of the surface conditions inside the pipe. Coatings may be applied internally and/or externally to the surface during production. The additives combined with epoxy resin can create adhesion and eliminate the potential of dry lamination between the epoxy and the fabric.
- Standard temperature capability ranges may be accomplished, ranging from 250° C. to 700° C. The temperature capability of a planned product can be achieved by parametric entry of data that will instruct the machine manufacturing the material how to control the mixing and application of additives and coatings. The machinery used for creating the porous pipe and material is provided with sensors that verify the adjustments required for each mix and use of the epoxy resin. These sensors may be placed at the extruding location and the form controlling section of the machinery.
- Extreme temperature requirements for the finished material may result in an adjustment in the epoxy resin formula, causing some additives to be titanium carbide-based, which will allow for the capacity to reach extreme high temperatures and extreme pressures. Temperature resistances may be reached as high as 2800° F. and can be adjusted to match the requirements of the application.
- Sensors, including X-ray and spectral analysis, can determine the chemical reaction within the interchange of the epoxy, the additives and the coatings applied during extrusion. Viscous flow and crystallization may be determined during sample or pilot production once the data has been entered and the epoxy formula is adjusted. Distortion of the crystallization alignment and its orientation are verified and tested during this inspection.
- The methods of the present invention for creation of the epoxy with additives allows for the adjustment and control of the flexibility, the modular strength, the sheer, the tensile stress capacities and the complete control of the exposure to high temperature or temperature variances.
- Esther linkages may be adjusted by material augmentation to create post-cure relaxation of the combination of epoxy resin and fiber formed in the shape of a round pipe or woven fabric. Off-gas and post-cure time are dependent upon the formula and catalyst of the epoxy resin.
- The epoxy resin uses standard, known high temperature materials with the addition of thermal adjustable, encapsulated, coatings and bonded shapes that allow fiber and connectivity to work toward a superior energy output. Cost and existing conditions may be applied to each extrusion.
- The thickness, weight and modulus density of the epoxy resin may be reduced to less than the comparative alternative materials. This epoxy fabric material will be adjustable to depth pressure gradients as seen in field applications. The transfer of heat specifically may be customized and tuned to match the requirements and output unit to generate energy.
- Coatings of the epoxy resin that are applied to the porous pipe post-cure may be derived of boron nitride or molybdenum disilicide, capable of withstanding temperatures well over 1000° C. to 1200° C. The coating can reduce production cost and reduce friction inside of the porous pipe and be impregnated directly into the epoxy and fabric. The finish and surface design may be adjusted for speed and accuracy in the transfer of fluids flowing through the pipe.
- Using the epoxy resin with fillers and additives to create thermal and electric conductivity or non-conductivity can be designed and changed dynamically by selecting the correct percentages of the additives used to create the epoxy. Designed filler materials can be added that will not weaken the composite but add to the variability of the result. Filler materials can be included with the epoxy resin particularly where the cost of the epoxy resin used is high, to reduce the amount of epoxy resin required. Use of the materials and the additives will control mixing, hardening and surface conditioning that will allow for the adjustment to create custom pipes or material weaves to meet each environmental condition and location required for a product.
- As the porous pipe is created, different sections of the pipe can be treated with different epoxy resins mixed with different additives. As a result, the properties of the porous pipe can be varied along the length of the pipe. For example, different sections of pipe can be configured to have different levels of thermal conductivity. Epoxy resin ingredients and formula may be blended to thermally adjust to temperature retention or temperature conductivity.
- The fibrous thread-like material is woven, knit, braided or spun into a fabric that forms the underlying porous pipe material. Different weaves, braiding and spinning formations change the performance of the products, examples of which are shown in
FIGS. 5, 6 and 7 . For example, a woven or braided pipe has a higher tensile strength than a spun pipe. -
FIG. 5a shows asatin fabric weave 500 a, woven with nine micron basalt filament. The fabric is shown without epoxy resin so as to better show the woven structure. InFIG. 5b , atri-axial fabric weave 500 b is shown, woven with thirteen micron basalt filament, without epoxy resin. -
FIG. 6a shows a bundled elevenmicron basalt filament 600 a. InFIG. 6b , aplain weave 600 b is shown using bundled basalt fiber filament, such as bundledfilament 600 a. The plain wovenfabric 600 b ofFIG. 6b is shown without epoxy resin. -
FIGS. 7a and 7b show examples of biaxial braided fabric structures without epoxy resin for clarity.FIG. 7a shows abiaxial braided pipe 700 a having a diameter of five centimeters, woven from basalt twisted yarn.FIG. 7b shows abiaxial braided pipe 700 b having a diameter of twenty centimeters, woven from basalt twisted yarn. - Structures woven, knit, braided or spun in such a way, with any of the fibrous base materials described herein shown by way of example, allow for multiple processing and design formats for incorporating epoxy resin including spray, transfer molding, soaking or encapsulation to ensure complete adherence and strength created by the use of this base material. After the fiber is knit, spun, braided or woven and before curing, air pressure can be applied to the created material to clear out epoxy resin that may have collected in the flow paths.
- In accordance with the present invention, machines are designed for filament winding, production of pipe and weaving of fabric. Examples are shown in
FIGS. 8a and 8b as well asFIGS. 9a and 9 b. - The machinery for creating the porous pipe structure may include a rotating mandrel, plate, beams and may also include an inspection station. Such a machine supports filament placement at varying axes and rotations around the spinning mandrel.
- Before spinning or weaving a filament, the filament may be preconditioned and saturated through a bath of epoxy resin formulated with two parts to activate its cure time. As the filament approaches the mandrel or the weaving point, injection ports may be provided to inject or spray thermally conductive (or non-conductive) spheres or powdered materials. Inspection and visual control may be fed back to one or more control systems to control the buildup thickness, strength, elasticity, and size as the pipe or fabric is manufactured. This process is continuous or runs for as long as the materials are provided. The control systems can be programmed to accept and adopt multiple choices of thermally conductive (or non-conductive) material.
- According to the present invention, a continuous supply of filament, which can be spooled by a creel of materials chosen by the consumer specifically for an applicable use and site. Before the continuous filament is wound around the mandrel or used for weaving, there are various options for epoxy and filler for attachment to the filament. Full inspection may be conducted through visual sensors, spectral sensors, off gas sensors and other hyper spectral detection methods. The machine process and sensor process controls the hardening and coating to ensure the correct ground insertion and flow characteristics. The control may provide that no harmful off gases are created during the manufacturing process. After the fiber is spun in the mandrel, for example, a blower may be used to apply air pressure to the pipe material to clear out any epoxy resin that may have filled any flow paths.
- The pipes can be continuously formed at their full, desired length for at the time of use. Pipes can be manufactured at fixed lengths and seamed or welded as one. Pressure variances will not affect the splicing or lamination to create the extreme length required of these pipes. The porous pipes can also be manufactured in the field to create seamless installations. Pre-woven, braided or spun pipes can be spooled and shipped prior to application of the epoxy resin, and the porous pipe manufacturing can be completed on-site. Similarly, spooled threads of fibrous material can be provided for use in manufacturing the porous pipe on-site.
- Wrap angles are variable on such machines, and allow for adjustment of strength in coordination with pressure and strength requirements. Filament density enhances the wrap angle to accomplish additional strengths.
- Machinery required to create the porous pipes from its woven material may be small and portable. Such portable manufacturing machines can be moved to a jobsite so the logistic cost of production can be greatly reduced. Such production machines will have elongation, non-conductivity or conductivity properties, high specific strengths and elastic energy absorption. Pressure resistance may be created by modification within the program of such a machine.
- Because epoxy resin is embedded in the fabric, machined threading may be applied so as to enable splicing if necessary. These machined ends can be accomplished on the machine to the API 5B standard. In this way, breakage and failure will be at its minimal. Inspection may be maintained during the construction of pipe of any fonn to ensure the quality of each pipe.
- Use of fillers and additives to create thermal and electric conductivity or non-conductivity can be designed and changed dynamically during the manufacturing process. Fillers of materials can be added that will not weaken the composite, but add to the variability of the result. Use of materials and their additives that will control mixing, hardening and surface conditioning will allow for the adjustment to create custom pipe or material weave to meet each environmental condition and location.
-
FIG. 8a shows an exemplary manufacturing process used for porous pipes andFIG. 8b shows an exemplary manufacturing process used for creating porous material, which can be used for the porous pipes or applications other than the porous pipes. Both figures include the process for creating the required fiber thread. These methods can be performed using any combination of the techniques (knitting, braiding, spinning or weaving), and fiber base materials, additives and epoxy resin described herein, or other materials that a person of skill in the art would find suitable for achieving the same purpose. -
FIGS. 8a and 8b depict machinery that produces fiber pipe and woven material seamlessly to meet the following submitted flexible parameters: length, tensile strength, diameter, thickness, thermal characteristics, electrical characteristics, chemical resistance, flexibility, capacity, pressure, portability. - The amount of additives to achieve particular advantages may vary in cost and application. The combination of fibrous material with epoxy resin and additives allows material design to match different applications and thus reduce the high cost previously associated with pipe processing. The cost of both an epoxy-based high temperature resin and a high temperature fiber will allow low-cost and high-volume manufacturing of porous pipe.
- Referring now to
FIG. 8a in detail, each of the numbered steps in a process for manufacturing porous fiber pipe is shown as follows: - In
step 801 a, the initial fiber material is collected and provided to the manufacturing machinery. In a preferred embodiment, the initial fiber material can be E-glass. Other materials may be used in further embodiments, such as basalt, stainless steel, steel, iron, aluminum, carbon fiber, Teflon, polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), urethane and S-2. Instep 802 a, the material is crushed by a crusher and treated. The crushed and treated material is then provided to a centrifuge, where it is spun and heated instep 803 a. While the material is being spun in the centrifuge, any additive materials that are to be included in order to alter one or more properties of the final product as described previously can be added instep 804 a. After the fiber material is spun and heated instep 803 a, instep 805 a, a thread die forms the fiber into a thread. Prior to beginning the pipe spinning process, the fiber thread can be spooled instep 806 a. Alternatively, the fiber thread can be fed directly into the pipe knitting, spinning, weaving and braiding process. - In step 807 a 1, additives can be supplied as described herein, to saturate the thread before it is spun, knit, braided or woven. According to one embodiment of the invention, the epoxy resin may also be supplied at this stage, prior to forming the pipe structure, to saturate the threaded material.
- In step 807 a 2, the thread is formed into a pipe. The thread can be braided, knit, woven or spun into a number of patterns as previously described, including plain, satin, twill, crowfoot, flat, biaxial or tri-axial. The diameter of the pipe is dependent on the changeable mandrel (809 a). A different mandrel is used for different pipe sizes.
- In step 808 a, the epoxy resin is added, if not added prior to the formation of the pipe structure. The epoxy resin can be applied to the fiber threads while the pipe is being woven, knit, spun or braided, such as by coating the mandrel, or applied after the pipe is formed. The epoxy resin may also be mixed with one or more additives in addition to or in lieu of providing additives in step 807 a 1. In step 810 a, a blower is used to clear any epoxy resin that may have collected in the pores between fiber threads by applying air pressure is applied to the saturated pipe. The application of air pressure can vary in duration or amount over the length of the pipe so that some sections of pipe may have a pore size that differs from other sections of the pipe.
- In step 811 a, the completed and uncured pipe, if necessary, can now be shaped. A hydraulic press produces force against the rollers that shape the pipe. In step 812 a, rollers may be used to apply force to shape the soft pipe. The shape of the pipe may vary depending on the number of rollers utilized. Two rollers create an oblong shape, three rollers create a triangular shape and four rollers create a rectangular shape. After the shaping of the pipe, curing and coating of the pipe and potential sensor insertion occurs in step 813 a. Coatings can enhance the features of the pipes. Sensor insertion can create a product that can report back information during operating conditions while the porous pipe is in use. Curing can vary depending on the composition of the pipe which could include ultraviolet treatment, heat treatment, or other methods of curing. In step 814 a, the pipe can be cut into the appropriate lengths. Cutting does not need to occur in certain instances; such as if the pipe created is for laying continuous pipe with a portable fabrication unit.
- A control system 815 a monitors and controls all the steps in the fabrication process. It accepts control input (parameters) for the timing and control of all events. The control system may comprise a non-transitory computer readable medium stored with a computer program and a processor configured to cause the execution of the program, which specifies the buildup construction of each and every product. The program can vary the fiber, the epoxy, the catalysts and open time as well as thermal condition specifically located on each and every product.
- Referring now to
FIG. 8b in detail, each of the numbered steps in a process for manufacturing porous fiber material is shown as follows: - In
step 801 b, the initial fiber material is collected and provided to the manufacturing machinery. In a preferred embodiment, the initial fiber material can be E-glass. Other materials may be used in further embodiments, such as basalt, stainless steel, steel, iron, aluminum, carbon fiber, Teflon, polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), urethane and S-2. Instep 802 b, the material is crushed by a crusher and treated. The crushed and treated material is then provided to a centrifuge, where it is spun and heated instep 803 b. While the material is being spun in the centrifuge, any additive materials that are to be included in order to alter one or more properties of the final product as described previously can be added instep 804 b. After the fiber material is spun and heated instep 804 b, instep 805 b, a thread die forms the fiber into a thread. Prior to beginning the material formation process, the fiber thread can be spooled instep 806 b. Alternatively, the fiber thread can be fed directly into the material formation process. - In step 807 h 1, additives can be supplied as described herein used to saturate the fabric before it is knit, spun, braided or woven. According to one embodiment of the invention, the epoxy resin may also be supplied at this stage to saturate the threaded material.
- In step 807 b 2, the thread is woven, knit, spun or braided into material the size of the material is dependent on the capabilities of the process used. The dimensions of the material are determined by the process used. Different techniques and machines can be used for different material sizes.
- In step 808 h, the epoxy resin can be added, if not previously added before the weaving/spinning/knitting/braiding step. The epoxy resin can be applied to the fiber threads while the material is being woven, spun knit or braided, or applied after the material is formed. The epoxy resin may also be mixed with one or more additives in addition to or in lieu of providing additives in step 807 b 1. In
step 809 b, a blower applies air pressure to the material to clear out any epoxy resin that may have collected in the flow paths. The application of air pressure can vary in duration or amount over the length of the material so that some sections of the material may have a pore size that differs from other sections of the material. - The completed and uncured material, if necessary, can now be shaped in
step 810 b. Instep 811 lb, a hydraulic press produces force against a stamping tool that shapes the material. Instep 812 b, the stamping tool applies force to shape the soft material. After the shaping, the curing, coating and sensor insertion occur, as needed by the material to be formed, instep 813 b. Coatings can enhance the features of the material while in use. Sensor insertion can create material that can report back information during operating conditions. Curing can vary depending on the composition of the pipe which could include ultraviolet treatment, heat treatment or other methods of curing. Instep 814 b, the material can be cut into the proper lengths or dimensions. Cutting does not occur in certain instances, such as if creating rolls of material. - A control system 815 b monitors and controls all the steps in the fabrication process. It accepts control input (parameters) for the timing and control of all events. The control system may comprise a non-transitory computer readable medium stored with a computer program and a processor configured to cause the execution of the program, which specifies the buildup construction of each and every product. The program can vary the fiber, the epoxy, the catalysts and open time as well as thermal condition specifically located on each and every product. The control system 815 a or 815 b can be configured to: thin, thicken and change weave orientation dynamically per entered parametric values to create strength, flexibility and thermal characteristics; monitor temperature, density and refresh rates for quality control; be parametrically controlled for external input to build pipe and/or material to exact performance requirements; match flow rate to maintain thermal range, tension of surrounding materials, corrosive resistance and other properties to insure product stability; compensate for angle, depth and longevity via surface tension; allow for dynamic shape adjustments to allow for product variability; allow for a unique die design during manufacturing of the material for product shaping; allow for variable curing techniques like: ultra-violate, heat and chemical treatment; allow for coating of one or both sides of the pipe and/or material for additional performance features; allows for designed pushing or insertion pressure at the mandrel to control and balance the process to eliminate any damage; allow for the cutting or continuous fabrication depending on requirements; allow for product use immediately after fabrication with an initial cure period of, for example, 24 hours and permanent curing after, for example, 7 days; and allow for pultruding or extruding at high feed rate.
-
FIG. 9a shows a braiding pipe process andFIG. 9b shows a spinning pipe process. - The product characteristics, which can vary depending on the presence of further additives, include: high strength, light weight, stability, moisture, fire and chemical resistance, thermal and electric conductivity, adjustable thermal conductivity, elasticity, resistance to stress corrosion, resistance to oil field chemicals, easy spooling, on-site manufacturability, ductile behavior, flexibility, cost effectiveness, high elongation, elastic energy absorption, resistance to electromagnetic interference, variable insulation property and zero delamination potential.
- Example characteristics of a porous material and pipe made from a basalt fiber are shown in Tables 2-4.
-
TABLE 2 Material Characteristics Melting Point (lava) 2800° F. Operating Range −40 C. to 580° C. Surface Density 140-380 g/m2 Thickness .05 inches (or variable) Breaking Load 500-1400 kg Flexural Strength 110-134+ ksi Width standard 4.0-120 inches Width optional 4.0-120 inches Plain weave 1 thread × 1 thread, 5 threads × 3 threads Twill weave 2 threads × 1 thread, 3 threads × 1 thread, 5 threads × 3 threads Crowfoot weave 1 thread × 1 thread, 5 threads × 3 threads Flat weave 4 threads × 5 threads Bi-axial 5 threads × 5 threads -
TABLE 3 Pipe Characteristics Melting Point 2,800° F. Operating Range −40 to 580° C. Pipe diameter 1 inch to 80 inches Surface density 140-380 g/m2 External Pressure 7,800 psi Internal Pressure 40-500 bar (580-12,250 psi) Thickness Variable Breaking Load 500-1400 kg - According to the teachings hereof, by using advanced fiber and material concepts to create porous products, such as pipes, there is a significant reduction in the weight and cost of the product, and a significant increase in strength and caustic/abrasion resistance. Table 4 shows a listing of chemicals and temperatures at which the woven material according to the invention did not suffer any attack.
-
TABLE 4 Causticity Testing Chemical Temperature (° C.) Ammonia Liquid 250 Acetic Acid (Conc.) 200 Benzene 100 Brake Fluid 250 Ethylene Glycol (50% Aq.) 250 Hydrochloric Acid (12%) 100 Hydrogen Sulfide (gas) 250 Hydraulic Fluid 30 Heavy Aromatic Naphtha (100%) 250 Jet A Fuel 30 Methanol 100 Methane Gas 250 Petroleum Oil 100 Sea Water 250 Sodium Bisulfite (50% Aq.) 250 Sodium Hydroxide (50%) 250 - While there have been shown and described and pointed out fundamental novel features of the invention as applied to preferred embodiments thereof, it will be understood that various omissions and substitutions and changes in the form and details of the devices and methods described may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention. For example, it is expressly intended that all combinations of those elements and/or method steps which perform substantially the same function in substantially the same way to achieve the same results are within the scope of the invention. Moreover, it should be recognized that structures and/or elements and/or method steps shown and/or described in connection with any disclosed form or embodiment of the invention may be incorporated in any other disclosed or described or suggested form or embodiment as a general matter of design choice.
Claims (34)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US15/552,868 US20180045341A1 (en) | 2015-02-23 | 2016-02-23 | Method and Apparatus of Making Porous Pipes and Panels Using a Treated Fiber Thread to Weave, Braid or Spin Products |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US201562119497P | 2015-02-23 | 2015-02-23 | |
PCT/US2016/019068 WO2016137951A1 (en) | 2015-02-23 | 2016-02-23 | Method and apparatus of making porous pipes and panels using a treated fiber thread to weave, braid or spin products |
US15/552,868 US20180045341A1 (en) | 2015-02-23 | 2016-02-23 | Method and Apparatus of Making Porous Pipes and Panels Using a Treated Fiber Thread to Weave, Braid or Spin Products |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20180045341A1 true US20180045341A1 (en) | 2018-02-15 |
Family
ID=56789123
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US15/552,871 Active 2037-11-06 US11754205B2 (en) | 2015-02-23 | 2016-02-23 | Method and apparatus of making pipes and panels using a treated fiber thread to weave, braid or spin products |
US15/552,868 Pending US20180045341A1 (en) | 2015-02-23 | 2016-02-23 | Method and Apparatus of Making Porous Pipes and Panels Using a Treated Fiber Thread to Weave, Braid or Spin Products |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US15/552,871 Active 2037-11-06 US11754205B2 (en) | 2015-02-23 | 2016-02-23 | Method and apparatus of making pipes and panels using a treated fiber thread to weave, braid or spin products |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US11754205B2 (en) |
WO (2) | WO2016137958A1 (en) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2020131912A3 (en) * | 2018-12-17 | 2020-08-06 | Exotex, Inc. | Offshore water intake and discharge structures making use of a porous pipe |
KR102483608B1 (en) | 2022-01-11 | 2022-12-30 | 김경석 | Method and apparatus for generating optimum seaway using sub-map |
US11754205B2 (en) | 2015-02-23 | 2023-09-12 | Exotex, Inc. | Method and apparatus of making pipes and panels using a treated fiber thread to weave, braid or spin products |
US11913592B2 (en) * | 2015-09-21 | 2024-02-27 | Exotex, Inc. | Thermally insulating pipes |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
RU2647874C1 (en) * | 2016-11-16 | 2018-03-21 | Николай Юрьевич Журавлев | Water supply pipeline |
RU2671686C2 (en) * | 2016-11-16 | 2018-11-06 | Николай Юрьевич Журавлев | Water supply system |
US11525195B2 (en) * | 2020-05-27 | 2022-12-13 | Jhih Huei Trading Co., Ltd. | Woven textile for bag and bag |
CN113046980B (en) * | 2021-03-11 | 2023-01-24 | 博安信(天津)汽车配件技术有限公司 | Firing machine for polyester braided tube |
Citations (25)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3219472A (en) * | 1961-09-29 | 1965-11-23 | Johns Manville | Method of coating the interior surface of a porous pipe |
US3314450A (en) * | 1963-08-05 | 1967-04-18 | Owens Illinois Inc | Transparent reinforced glass pipe |
US3489626A (en) * | 1957-12-11 | 1970-01-13 | Chemstress Ind Inc | Method of making a prestressed,reinforced,resin-crete concrete pipe |
US3581778A (en) * | 1969-08-14 | 1971-06-01 | Amerace Esna Corp | Oblong hose |
US3650864A (en) * | 1969-07-23 | 1972-03-21 | Goldsworthy Eng Inc | Method for making filament reinforced a-stage profiles |
US3742985A (en) * | 1967-01-31 | 1973-07-03 | Chemstress Ind Inc | Reinforced pipe |
US3808087A (en) * | 1967-09-26 | 1974-04-30 | Gen Technologies Corp | Surface-treated lamination structures |
US3879243A (en) * | 1973-01-05 | 1975-04-22 | Jonas Medney | Porous filament wound pipe and method for making same |
US4217158A (en) * | 1977-10-03 | 1980-08-12 | Ciba-Geigy Corporation | Method of forming prestressed filament wound pipe |
US4415613A (en) * | 1981-08-24 | 1983-11-15 | Jonas Medney | Method for making strengthened porous pipe and resulting product |
US4654407A (en) * | 1985-08-02 | 1987-03-31 | Amoco Corporation | Aromatic bismaleimide and prepreg resin therefrom |
US20020040898A1 (en) * | 2000-08-18 | 2002-04-11 | Theodore Von Arx | Wound and themoformed element and method of manufacturing same |
US20030119398A1 (en) * | 2001-11-30 | 2003-06-26 | Alex Bogdanovich | 3-D resin transfer medium and method of use |
US20040157519A1 (en) * | 2002-12-30 | 2004-08-12 | University Of Maine | Composites pressure resin infusion system (ComPRIS) |
US20070107791A1 (en) * | 2004-12-03 | 2007-05-17 | Illinois Tool Works Inc. | System and method for pipe repair |
US20070281092A1 (en) * | 2006-06-05 | 2007-12-06 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Partially coated workpieces; methods and systems for making partially coated workpieces |
US20090004453A1 (en) * | 2006-02-24 | 2009-01-01 | Shoji Murai | Fiber-Reinforced Thermoplastic Resin Molded Article, Molding Material, and Method for Production of the Molded Article |
US20090208684A1 (en) * | 2005-06-30 | 2009-08-20 | Michael Dunleavy | Self-Reparing Structure |
US20100178842A1 (en) * | 2006-06-15 | 2010-07-15 | South Bank University Enterprises Limited | Hair Based Composite |
US20110272082A1 (en) * | 2005-06-30 | 2011-11-10 | Michael Dunleavy | Fibre Materials |
US20130081347A1 (en) * | 2011-09-30 | 2013-04-04 | Crawford Dewar | Bridge composite structural panel |
US20150047769A1 (en) * | 2013-08-19 | 2015-02-19 | Fiber Fix Usa, Llc | Method of manufacturing a rigid repair wrap including a laminate disposed laterally within the repair wrap |
US20150099078A1 (en) * | 2013-10-04 | 2015-04-09 | Burning Bush Technologies, LLC | High performance compositions and composites |
US20180141310A1 (en) * | 2015-04-21 | 2018-05-24 | Roeland Hubert Christiaan COUMANS | Object comprising a fiber reinforced plastic and a ceramic material and process for making the object |
US20180200714A1 (en) * | 2015-07-24 | 2018-07-19 | Centre National De La Recherche Scientifique | Composite woven fluidic device |
Family Cites Families (56)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2021378A (en) | 1931-11-03 | 1935-11-19 | Joseph G Prosser | Reenforced pipe construction |
US2170207A (en) | 1937-06-14 | 1939-08-22 | Union Asbestos & Rubber Co | Insulating tape and method of making the same |
US2981332A (en) * | 1957-02-01 | 1961-04-25 | Montgomery K Miller | Well screening method and device therefor |
US3053715A (en) | 1958-03-17 | 1962-09-11 | Johns Manville Fiber Glass Inc | High temperature pipe insulation and method of making same |
US3240643A (en) | 1962-04-12 | 1966-03-15 | Pittsburgh Plate Glass Co | Method and apparatus for making a flexible insulated duct |
US3728187A (en) | 1970-10-26 | 1973-04-17 | A Martin | Method of applying alternate layers of plastic foam and glass fibers to a metal tube |
US3917530A (en) | 1972-08-02 | 1975-11-04 | Johann Boske | Method to counteract a clogging of drain pipes |
US4026747A (en) | 1975-01-30 | 1977-05-31 | John Z. Delorean Corporation | Composite tubing |
US4235561A (en) | 1979-02-12 | 1980-11-25 | Glen Peterson | Subterranean irrigation means and system |
DD233870A1 (en) | 1985-01-07 | 1986-03-12 | Textima Veb K | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR REMOVING FLUIDS FROM RUNNING ENDLESS FAEDES |
US4695344A (en) | 1985-03-29 | 1987-09-22 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Resin impregnation and processing technique for rigidizing net-shaped fibrous skeletal composite preforms |
DE3516628A1 (en) | 1985-05-09 | 1986-11-13 | Schauenburg Ruhrkunststoff GmbH, 4330 Mülheim | Process for producing an insulated pipe |
JPS6245783A (en) | 1985-08-22 | 1987-02-27 | 帝人株式会社 | Monofilament bundle for covering and reinforcing porous resin, its production and production of fiber reinforced resin composite material using the same |
US5260121A (en) * | 1986-11-06 | 1993-11-09 | Amoco Corporation | Fiber-reinforced composite of cyanate ester, epoxy resin and thermoplast |
US4943472A (en) * | 1988-03-03 | 1990-07-24 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Improved preimpregnated material comprising a particulate thermosetting resin suitable for use in the formation of a substantially void-free fiber-reinforced composite article |
US5549947A (en) * | 1994-01-07 | 1996-08-27 | Composite Development Corporation | Composite shaft structure and manufacture |
US8678042B2 (en) | 1995-09-28 | 2014-03-25 | Fiberspar Corporation | Composite spoolable tube |
US5799705A (en) | 1995-10-25 | 1998-09-01 | Ameron International Corporation | Fire resistant pipe |
US6006829A (en) * | 1996-06-12 | 1999-12-28 | Oiltools International B.V. | Filter for subterranean use |
US6139942A (en) | 1997-02-06 | 2000-10-31 | Cytec Technology, Inc. | Resin composition, a fiber reinforced material having a partially impregnated resin and composites made therefrom |
AU728611B2 (en) | 1997-08-13 | 2001-01-11 | Obayashi Corporation | Segment for a water intake tunnel |
FR2775051B1 (en) | 1998-02-18 | 2000-03-24 | Coflexip | FLEXIBLE CONDUIT FOR LARGE DEPTH |
FR2785968B1 (en) | 1998-11-16 | 2001-01-12 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | THERMALLY INSULATED CONDUCTION BY ELASTOMERIC MATERIAL AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURE |
DE19853211C2 (en) | 1998-11-18 | 2001-12-06 | Rheinische Braunkohlenw Ag | Well pipe |
US6782932B1 (en) | 1999-10-20 | 2004-08-31 | Hydril Company L.P. | Apparatus and method for making wound-fiber reinforced articles |
US6763853B1 (en) | 2002-03-01 | 2004-07-20 | Rsb Pipe Corporation, Inc. | Lightweight conduit |
TWI233882B (en) | 2003-01-09 | 2005-06-11 | Axiom Medical Inc | Apparatus and method for producing a tube of varying cross-section |
US7082998B2 (en) * | 2003-07-30 | 2006-08-01 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Systems and methods for placing a braided, tubular sleeve in a well bore |
ES2251874B1 (en) | 2004-10-21 | 2007-03-16 | Catalana De Perforacions, S.A. | HORIZONTAL DRAIN INSTALLATION PROCEDURE FOR MARINE WATER CAPTURE. |
US20060162906A1 (en) | 2005-01-21 | 2006-07-27 | Chu-Wan Hong | Heat pipe with screen mesh wick structure |
US20060207673A1 (en) | 2005-03-18 | 2006-09-21 | O'brien John V | Vacuum insulated assured flow piping |
DE102005029910B4 (en) | 2005-03-22 | 2008-03-06 | Stadtwerke Steinfurt Gmbh | Method for operating a horizontal filter well and fountain arrangement |
US20070108112A1 (en) | 2005-11-15 | 2007-05-17 | Anthony Jones | Synthetic infiltration collection system |
CA2555756A1 (en) | 2006-08-10 | 2008-02-10 | Shawcor Ltd. | Thermally insulated pipe for use at very high temperatures |
GB0720713D0 (en) | 2007-10-23 | 2007-12-05 | Wellstream Int Ltd | Thermal insulation of flexible pipes |
CA2641492C (en) | 2007-10-23 | 2016-07-05 | Fiberspar Corporation | Heated pipe and methods of transporting viscous fluid |
US8714206B2 (en) | 2007-12-21 | 2014-05-06 | Shawcor Ltd. | Styrenic insulation for pipe |
CN101642681B (en) | 2008-08-04 | 2011-12-21 | 中国科学院生态环境研究中心 | Surface coating modification and flattened membrane component for glass fiber woven pipe |
US20100078151A1 (en) | 2008-09-30 | 2010-04-01 | Osram Sylvania Inc. | Ceramic heat pipe with porous ceramic wick |
AU2010217166B2 (en) | 2009-02-27 | 2015-01-29 | Flexpipe Systems Inc. | High temperature fiber reinforced pipe |
US7862713B2 (en) | 2009-03-24 | 2011-01-04 | Donald Justice | Reservoir water filtration system |
AU2010236259B2 (en) | 2009-04-16 | 2015-05-28 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Structural components for oil, gas, exploration, refining and petrochemical applications |
US8325079B2 (en) * | 2009-04-24 | 2012-12-04 | Applied Nanostructured Solutions, Llc | CNT-based signature control material |
CN201482323U (en) | 2009-08-14 | 2010-05-26 | 上海漫江环境科技有限公司 | Glass fiber filter bag with riser pipe orifice cast by hub |
WO2011098793A1 (en) * | 2010-02-09 | 2011-08-18 | Bae Systems Plc | Component including a rechargeable battery |
DE102011080507A1 (en) | 2011-08-05 | 2013-02-07 | Sgl Carbon Se | Component made of a fiber composite material |
US20140113104A1 (en) | 2012-02-23 | 2014-04-24 | E I Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Fiber-resin composite sheet and article comprising the same |
US20170341978A1 (en) | 2012-09-07 | 2017-11-30 | General Plastics & Composites, L.P. | Method and apparatus for resin film infusion |
WO2014039482A1 (en) | 2012-09-07 | 2014-03-13 | General Plastics & Composites, L.P. | Method and apparatus for resin film infusion |
CN104736595B (en) | 2012-10-24 | 2017-03-08 | 陶氏环球技术有限公司 | Polyamide hardeners for epoxy resin |
US9920197B2 (en) | 2012-12-20 | 2018-03-20 | Cytec Technology Corp. | Liquid binder composition for binding fibrous materials |
US20140265311A1 (en) | 2013-03-14 | 2014-09-18 | Composite Fluid Transfer, LLC | Inner coupler for joining non-metallic pipe method and system |
US20150068633A1 (en) * | 2013-09-06 | 2015-03-12 | Neptune Research, Inc. | Testable composite systems for the reinforcement of metallic structures for containing fluids |
US11754205B2 (en) | 2015-02-23 | 2023-09-12 | Exotex, Inc. | Method and apparatus of making pipes and panels using a treated fiber thread to weave, braid or spin products |
US11913592B2 (en) | 2015-09-21 | 2024-02-27 | Exotex, Inc. | Thermally insulating pipes |
AU2016201797A1 (en) | 2015-12-14 | 2017-06-29 | Brian Stone | Horizontal well liner |
-
2016
- 2016-02-23 US US15/552,871 patent/US11754205B2/en active Active
- 2016-02-23 WO PCT/US2016/019077 patent/WO2016137958A1/en active Application Filing
- 2016-02-23 WO PCT/US2016/019068 patent/WO2016137951A1/en active Application Filing
- 2016-02-23 US US15/552,868 patent/US20180045341A1/en active Pending
Patent Citations (25)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3489626A (en) * | 1957-12-11 | 1970-01-13 | Chemstress Ind Inc | Method of making a prestressed,reinforced,resin-crete concrete pipe |
US3219472A (en) * | 1961-09-29 | 1965-11-23 | Johns Manville | Method of coating the interior surface of a porous pipe |
US3314450A (en) * | 1963-08-05 | 1967-04-18 | Owens Illinois Inc | Transparent reinforced glass pipe |
US3742985A (en) * | 1967-01-31 | 1973-07-03 | Chemstress Ind Inc | Reinforced pipe |
US3808087A (en) * | 1967-09-26 | 1974-04-30 | Gen Technologies Corp | Surface-treated lamination structures |
US3650864A (en) * | 1969-07-23 | 1972-03-21 | Goldsworthy Eng Inc | Method for making filament reinforced a-stage profiles |
US3581778A (en) * | 1969-08-14 | 1971-06-01 | Amerace Esna Corp | Oblong hose |
US3879243A (en) * | 1973-01-05 | 1975-04-22 | Jonas Medney | Porous filament wound pipe and method for making same |
US4217158A (en) * | 1977-10-03 | 1980-08-12 | Ciba-Geigy Corporation | Method of forming prestressed filament wound pipe |
US4415613A (en) * | 1981-08-24 | 1983-11-15 | Jonas Medney | Method for making strengthened porous pipe and resulting product |
US4654407A (en) * | 1985-08-02 | 1987-03-31 | Amoco Corporation | Aromatic bismaleimide and prepreg resin therefrom |
US20020040898A1 (en) * | 2000-08-18 | 2002-04-11 | Theodore Von Arx | Wound and themoformed element and method of manufacturing same |
US20030119398A1 (en) * | 2001-11-30 | 2003-06-26 | Alex Bogdanovich | 3-D resin transfer medium and method of use |
US20040157519A1 (en) * | 2002-12-30 | 2004-08-12 | University Of Maine | Composites pressure resin infusion system (ComPRIS) |
US20070107791A1 (en) * | 2004-12-03 | 2007-05-17 | Illinois Tool Works Inc. | System and method for pipe repair |
US20090208684A1 (en) * | 2005-06-30 | 2009-08-20 | Michael Dunleavy | Self-Reparing Structure |
US20110272082A1 (en) * | 2005-06-30 | 2011-11-10 | Michael Dunleavy | Fibre Materials |
US20090004453A1 (en) * | 2006-02-24 | 2009-01-01 | Shoji Murai | Fiber-Reinforced Thermoplastic Resin Molded Article, Molding Material, and Method for Production of the Molded Article |
US20070281092A1 (en) * | 2006-06-05 | 2007-12-06 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Partially coated workpieces; methods and systems for making partially coated workpieces |
US20100178842A1 (en) * | 2006-06-15 | 2010-07-15 | South Bank University Enterprises Limited | Hair Based Composite |
US20130081347A1 (en) * | 2011-09-30 | 2013-04-04 | Crawford Dewar | Bridge composite structural panel |
US20150047769A1 (en) * | 2013-08-19 | 2015-02-19 | Fiber Fix Usa, Llc | Method of manufacturing a rigid repair wrap including a laminate disposed laterally within the repair wrap |
US20150099078A1 (en) * | 2013-10-04 | 2015-04-09 | Burning Bush Technologies, LLC | High performance compositions and composites |
US20180141310A1 (en) * | 2015-04-21 | 2018-05-24 | Roeland Hubert Christiaan COUMANS | Object comprising a fiber reinforced plastic and a ceramic material and process for making the object |
US20180200714A1 (en) * | 2015-07-24 | 2018-07-19 | Centre National De La Recherche Scientifique | Composite woven fluidic device |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US11754205B2 (en) | 2015-02-23 | 2023-09-12 | Exotex, Inc. | Method and apparatus of making pipes and panels using a treated fiber thread to weave, braid or spin products |
US11913592B2 (en) * | 2015-09-21 | 2024-02-27 | Exotex, Inc. | Thermally insulating pipes |
WO2020131912A3 (en) * | 2018-12-17 | 2020-08-06 | Exotex, Inc. | Offshore water intake and discharge structures making use of a porous pipe |
KR102483608B1 (en) | 2022-01-11 | 2022-12-30 | 김경석 | Method and apparatus for generating optimum seaway using sub-map |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20180044849A1 (en) | 2018-02-15 |
WO2016137958A1 (en) | 2016-09-01 |
WO2016137951A1 (en) | 2016-09-01 |
US11754205B2 (en) | 2023-09-12 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US20180045341A1 (en) | Method and Apparatus of Making Porous Pipes and Panels Using a Treated Fiber Thread to Weave, Braid or Spin Products | |
US10953625B2 (en) | Unidirectional fiber composite system for structural repairs and reinforcement | |
CN106641481A (en) | Fiber weaving and winding pultrusion pipeline, machining device and production method of pipeline | |
KR102002688B1 (en) | Manufacturing apparatus of continuous fiber reinforced pipe | |
RU2617484C2 (en) | Unidirectional reinforcing filler and method for producing unidirectional reinforcing filler | |
TWI628076B (en) | Method and system for impregnating fibers to form a prepreg | |
JP2017007342A (en) | Unidirectionally reinforced material, production method of unidirectionally reinforced material and use thereof | |
JP2020523225A (en) | Pultrusion molding method and pultrusion molding apparatus for producing fiber-reinforced composite | |
EP1157809A2 (en) | Windable components made of fiber composite materials, method for producing such and their use | |
US10988929B2 (en) | Concrete component having a reinforcing element, method for producing same, method for bending a reinforcing bar of a reinforcing element, and bending device | |
RU2640760C2 (en) | Method of composite shaped piece manufacture, composite shaped piece, multilayer structural element and rotor spare element and wind power plant | |
CN102672950A (en) | Continuous production method and equipment for composite type sleeper | |
KR20200055929A (en) | Carbon fiber reinforced grid material and method of manufacturing the same | |
US11913592B2 (en) | Thermally insulating pipes | |
US10266292B2 (en) | Carriers for composite reinforcement systems and methods of use | |
EP3325267A1 (en) | Material with at least two layer coverings | |
EP3283806A1 (en) | Composite tube for repairing leaky fluid lines, method for producing such a composite tube and method for repairing leaky fluid lines with a composite tube | |
KR20200141725A (en) | Fabric for fiber reinforced plastic and manufacturing method thereof using the same | |
CA2781502A1 (en) | Method and plant for producing a fiberglass profile to be used as reinforcing element for strengthening an excavation wall | |
JP2015516469A (en) | Lining hose for repair of fluid transfer line system | |
CN112243449B (en) | Ultrathin prepreg sheet and composite material thereof | |
RU2556919C2 (en) | Production of ring from composite, ring of composite material, application of ring in seal assembly and seal assembly | |
RU2309848C1 (en) | Composite threaded joining member | |
CN107345602A (en) | A kind of flexible composite pipe and its manufacture method | |
CN109440292B (en) | High-strength steel wire composite material woven reinforcing belt |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
STPP | Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general |
Free format text: DOCKETED NEW CASE - READY FOR EXAMINATION |
|
STPP | Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general |
Free format text: NON FINAL ACTION MAILED |
|
STPP | Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general |
Free format text: RESPONSE TO NON-FINAL OFFICE ACTION ENTERED AND FORWARDED TO EXAMINER |
|
STPP | Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general |
Free format text: NON FINAL ACTION MAILED |
|
STPP | Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general |
Free format text: FINAL REJECTION MAILED |
|
STCB | Information on status: application discontinuation |
Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION |
|
STPP | Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general |
Free format text: DOCKETED NEW CASE - READY FOR EXAMINATION |
|
STPP | Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general |
Free format text: NON FINAL ACTION MAILED |
|
STPP | Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general |
Free format text: RESPONSE TO NON-FINAL OFFICE ACTION ENTERED AND FORWARDED TO EXAMINER |
|
STPP | Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general |
Free format text: FINAL REJECTION MAILED |
|
STCV | Information on status: appeal procedure |
Free format text: NOTICE OF APPEAL FILED |
|
STPP | Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general |
Free format text: DOCKETED NEW CASE - READY FOR EXAMINATION |
|
STPP | Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general |
Free format text: NON FINAL ACTION MAILED |
|
STPP | Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general |
Free format text: RESPONSE TO NON-FINAL OFFICE ACTION ENTERED AND FORWARDED TO EXAMINER |
|
STPP | Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general |
Free format text: FINAL REJECTION MAILED |