US2017910A - Combined amplifying and rectifying system - Google Patents

Description

Oct. 22, 19 35 'MQMACKSQUD I 2,017,910

COMBINED AMPLIFYING AN-D RECTIFYING SYSTEM Filed July 1, 19:3

INVENTOR. Mia/rel Ma l souol BY ATTORNEYS.

Patented Oct. 22 1935 UNITED STATES COMBINED AMPLIFYING AND RECTIFYING SYSTEM Michel Macksoud, St. Albans, N. Y., assignor to The Electron Corporation, East Orange, N. J., a corporation New Jersey Application July'l, 1933, Serial No. 678,661

23 Claims. (Cl. 250-27) This invention relates to improvements in amplifying circuits and the like as employed in the reception, repetition, and amplification of radiant energy.

An important object of the invention is to provide an electron discharge device of the gas filled type, or a plurality of them, in circuit connections by means of which these devices may be used for amplification, detection; and generation of oscillations and at the same time to rectify an alternating varying or pulsating current for application to the devices to amplify the operating potentials therefor.

This application is a continuation in part of my copending application Serial No. 120,376, filed July 3, 1926.

Referring to the drawing,-

Figure 1 is a diagrammatic illustration of a radio frequency amplifier, a detector and an audio frequency amplifier connected in cascade and employing gas filled electron discharge devices connected so as to provide full wave rectification of a varying or alternating current in order to provide the necessary operating potentials for the electrodes thereof;

Fig. 2 is a diagrammatic illustration of a slightly modified circuit arrangement; and

Fig. 3 is a diagrammatic illustration of this invention as applied to a pair of gas filled electron discharge devices connected in parallel to provide a. push-pull amplifier and arranged to rectify an alternating current to supply the operating potentials therefor and to provide additional operating potentials for similar devices which may be associated therewith.

In Fig. 1, the input circuit is shown in the form of a tuned ground antenna system having the means of which the ionizable gas content of the vessel is ionized. These electrodes may be or unequal size and shape for purposes of rectification.

The gas filled electron discharge devices 4 and 5- are similar and each comprises the grid '6, the cathode emitter l, the plate 8, and the ionizing electrodes 9. The enclosing vessels ofthe tubes 3, l, and 5 are filled with a suitable ionizable gas content at a suitable pressure. The types or gases and proper working pressures are well known in devices of this type. The pressure of the gas is dependent upon the particular gas, the spacing and geometry of the electrodes, and the operating potentials employed.

The other terminal of secondary 2 is connected by wire ID to apotential resistance H, the other terminal of which is connected by wire l9 to cathode emitter I in tube 5 and is likewise connected by wire 13 to cathode emitter ,1 in tube w 4. The plate 8 of tube 3 is connected through the primary M of an interstage coupling transformer and wire l5 to wire I6. Likewise the primary 33 is connected at one'terminal to plate 8 and at the other terminal by wire 36 to wire I5. 15

This primary is shunted by a suitable by-pass condenser 34. Wire I6 is connected, through the choke coils l1 and I8, to an adjustable mid-tap connection on potentiometer resistance which is shunted across the circuit comprising wires 2t 20 and 22. The output winding 30 inductively coupled to the winding 14 is connected through the usual grid leak system 3l to the grid '6 and by wire 32 to wire l9. Secondary winding 35 is inductivelycoupled to the winding 33 and is connected at one terminalto grid 6 of tube 5 and at the other terminal-by wire 31 to wire IS. The plate of tube 5 is connected by wire 21' to the sound reproducingdevice 25 or other device to be actuated which has its other terminal connected to wire 16. The device 25 is by-passed by a suitable condenser 26. Wires 2| and 22 are energized from any suitable source of current, preferably an alternating current source, such as provided by the usual 110-v01t lighting circuit. 35 Wires 2i and 22 are connected to the ionizing electrodes 9 of tube 3. These wires are respectively connected by wires 24 and 23 to the ionizing electrodes 9 of the tubes 4 and 5. A wire 28 is adjustably connected to the midpoint of potentiometer resistance 1 I and is shunted between it and wire l6 and condensers 29. gond'ensers 29, together with choke coils l1 and I8 provide a filter circuit to smooth out the ripples and variations in the rectified voltage before it is applied to the various electrodes of the tubes.

It will be noted that potentiometer resistance I I is connected btween the cathode emitters l of the tubes 3 and 4 and potentiometer resistance 20 is shunted across the ionizing electrode circuit; Wires l6 and 28 from the potentiometer resistances provide the output terminals for the rectified voltages to be applied to the electrodes of the tubes.

\ In the operation or these tubes when a suitable 5 potential is impressed across the ionizing electrodes 9, the ionizable gas content of the tubes is ionized. The ionizing potentials required will depend, as noted above, upon the nature of the gas employed, spacing and geometry of the electrodes, and the pressure of the gas in the envelopes. The ionization of the gas between the electrodes 9 will generate sufllcient heat to cause the coatings of the cathode emitters I to become electronically active. The electron emitter sleeves I are at a postive potential with respect.to the particular electrode 9, which is the cathode, with the result that an electron flow will occur between them.

The cathode electrode 9 and the emitter electrode l, which will be an anode with respect thereto, in each of the tubes 3 and 4 provide half wave rectifiers in view of the connection shown, which are combined through the potentiometer resistances to provide a full wave rectifier. The plate electrodes of the tubes 8 and 9 are connected to the filter in the output circuit of this rectifier to provide the necessary operating potentials. In addition, these tubes provide, through the connections shown, the necessary operating potential for the anode 8 of tube 5. It will be noted that the anode potentials are thus obtained from the ionizing circuit and are of a value equal to the ionizing voltage minus the cathode drop.

The grids are likewise maintained at a lower potential than the cathode emitters, thereby not requiring any special biasing potential. In addition to the rectifying action, the cathode emitters 1, the grids 6, and the plates 8 co-act in accordance with the usual principles to provide an amplifying, rectifying, and oscillating device.

In the modified arrangement of Fig. 2 it will not be necessary to describe the circuit in detail. Similar parts have been given the same reference numerals. It will be noted, however, that the grid return wire iii in this case is connected to wire 28 and the grid return wires 32 and 37 are connected by wire 85 to wire 28. With this arrangement the grid is properly biased directly from the energizing circuit for the ionizing electrodes.

There is shown in the arrangement of Fig. 3 the principles of this invention as applied to a push-pull amplifier. The input is impressed upon a primary 5B of a repeating transformer independently coupled to a secondary 5!, the terminals of which are connected to the grids 52 and 53 and the gas filled electron discharge devices 56 and 55. The cathode emitters 58 and 57 are coated with an electronically active coating and areconnected together by wire 64 and, through wire 65 and the usual grid leak system 66, to an adjustable mid-tap connection on secondary Bl. The plates 58 and 59 are connected to the terminals of the primary 62 of the output transformer, which is inductively coupled to the secondary thereof. This secondary may be connected to any 'device that it is desired to operate with the apparatus. The tubes 54 and 55 are provided with the ionizing electrodes 60 and 6| which are energized by the secondaries 61 and 68, respectively, of a transformer, which in turn is energized through the primary 89 from a suitable current source, preferably a 1l0-volt alternating current lighting circuit. A third secondary 18 has its terminals connected to the secondaries 81 and 68 by variable midpoint taps. Wire II connects variable midpoint taps oi the secondary l and the primary 82 through the choke coil 12. The cathode emitters 56 and 51 are connected by wire 13. shunted across wires H and 13 are the condensers H which, with the choke coil 12, provides a filter circuit. Likewise shunted across these wires is a potentiometer resistance 10 provided with the variable taps B- and 3+ which, together with the wires C- and 8+, provide the necessary operating potentials for any additional similar equipment operating in conjunction therewith.

.In the operation of this device the cathode emitter sleeves 56 and 51, in conjunction with the ionizing cathode electrodes 60 and 6!, provide half wave rectifying devices which, connected as shown, provide a full wave rectifier, the output of which passes through the filter where any fluctuations of potential are absorbed. Likewise, as before, the cathode emitters 56 and 51, the grids 52 and 53, and the plates 58 and 59, respectively, cooperate to provide the usual audion action.

It is pointed out, although those skilled in the art will fully appreciate the fact, that where used in this disclosure the expression "midpoint" mcans the point of electrical balance or the electrical midpoint. In other words, the variable connections to the resistances H and 20 for example are for the purpose of finding the point of voltage balance which may or may not, depending upon the physical characteristics of the resistance, be at the physical midpoint of the unit. From the above description it will be apparent that this invention resides in certain principles of operation and association which may be embodied in other physical forms without departure from the spirit and scope of the invention represented thereby. I'-do not, therefore, desire to be strictly limited by the disclosure as given for purposes of illustration, but rather to the scope of the appended claims.

combination comprising an envelope having an 'ionizable gas content, a. grid, a plate and a cathode emitter within said envelope, a pair of electrodes within the said envelope adjacent said emitter, an input circuit connected between the grid and emitter, an output circuit connected between the plate and emitter, a current source connected between said pair of electrodes for effecting ionization of the gas content, a resistance connected across said electrodesand an adjustable connection from the midpoint of said resistance to said grid circuit.

2. Ina rectifying and amplifying circuit the combination comprising a gas filled envelope having a grid, a plate and a cathode emittertherein, a pair of electrodes within said envelop-e adjacent said emitter, an input circuit connected between the grid and emitter, an output circuit connected between the plate and emitter, and a current source connected between said pair of electrodes to produce ionization of the gas content of the envelope.

3. In an amplifying and rectifying circuit the W combination comprising a pair of gas filled envelopes each having a grid, a cathode emitter and a plate therein, a pair oi electrodes in each envelope adjacent the emitter, input circuits including the grids and emitters, output circuits 70 including the plates and emitters, the output circuit of one envelope being coupled to the input circuit of the other envelope, an energizing circuit connected to said pairs of electrodes, 2. reslstance connected across said circuit. a resistance connected between said emitters, and variable connections between said resistances and said output circuits whereby operating potentials are applied to the plates.

4. In an amplifying and rectifying circuit the combination comprising a pair of gas filled envelopes each having a grid, a cathode emitter and a plate therein, a pair of electrodes in each envelope adjacent the emitter, input circuits including the grids and emitters, output circuits including the plates and emitters, the output circuit of one envelope being connected to the input circuit of the other envelope, an energizing circuit connected to said pairs of electrodes, a resistance connected across said circuit, a res'stance connected between said emitters, an adjustable connection from the midpoint of the first resistance and the output circuits, and a variable connection between the second resistance and said grids.

5. In a combined amplifying and rectifying system the combination comprising a pair of gas filled envelopes each having a grid, 8. cathode emitter and a plate therein, means for couvv pling said electrodes into a cascaded repeating circuit, a pair of ionizing electrodes within each vessel, circuits for supplying alternating current to said ionizing electrodes, and means connected between said ionizing electrodes and said cathode emitters for supplying operating potentials to the plates of said envelopes.

6. In a device as described the combination comprising an envelope having anionizable gas content, a grid, a cathode emitter and a plate in said envelope, an input circuit including said grid, an output circuit including said plate, a pair of ionizing electrodes within said envelope, means for applying an alternating current to said pair of electrodes, a resistance connected across said means, and a variable connection between said grid circuit and said resistance.

7. In a device as described the combination comprising an envelope having an ionizable gas content, a grid, a cathode emitter and a plate in said envelope, an input circuit including said grid, an output circuit including said plate, a pair of ionizing electrodes within said envelope, means for applying an alternating current to said pair of electrodes, 9. connection between said cathode emitter-and said output circuit.

8. In a device as described the combination comprising an envelope having an ionizable gas content, a grid, a cathode emitter and a plate in said envelope, an input circuit including said grid, an output circuit including said plate, a pair of ionizing electrodes within said envelope, means for applying an alternating current to said pair of electrodes, a resistance connected between said electrodes, a variable connection from said resistance to said output circuit, and a connection between said input circuit and cathode including a resistance.

9. In a combined amplifying and rectifying system the combination comprising a pair'of gas filled envelopes, a grid, a cathode emitter and a plate in each envelope, an input circuit and. an output circuit for each grid and each plate a resistance connected between-said cathode emitters, a connection from said resistance to said input circuits, 9. pair of ionizing electrodes within each envelope, a circuit for supplying alternating currents-to said pairs of electrodes, a resistance connected across said circuit, and a connection from said resistance to said output circuits.

output circuit for each grid and each plate, a re- 5 sistance connected between saidlcathode emitters, a connection from said resistance to said input circuits, a pair of ionizing electrodes Within each envelope, a circuit for supplying alternating currents to said pairs of electrodes, a resistance connected'across said circuit, a connection from said resistance to said output circuits, and a filter circuit in said connections.

11. A combined repeating and rectifying system comprising a pair of gas filled envelopes each having a grid, a cathode emitter and a plate, input and output circuits connected to said grids and plates respectively and said cathode emitters to provide a push-pull amplifier, a pair of ionizing electrodes in each envelope. and means for applying alternating currents to said ionizing electrodes. I

12. A combined repeating and rectifying system comprising a pair of gas filled envelopes each having a grid, a cathode emitter and a plate, 5 input and output circuits connected to said gridsand plates respectively and said cathode emitters to provide a push-pull amplifier, a pair of ionizing electrodes in each envelope, means for applying alternating currents to said ionizing electrodes, and connections from said cathode emitters to said input circuit and from said circuit for supplying alternating current to the ionizing electrodes and the output circuit.

13. A combined repeating and rectlwing circuit comprising a pair of envelopes having an ionizable gas content, a grid, a cathode emitter and a plate within each envelope, an input circuit connmted to saidgrids, an output circuit connected to said plates, a grid return connection between 40 said input circuit and said cathode emitter, a pair of ionizing electrodes within each envelope a circuit for supplying alternating current to said pairs of electrodes, and a connection between said circuit and the output circuit. I

14. A combined repeating and rectifying circuit comprising a pair of envelopes having an ionizable gas content, a grid, a cathode emitter and a plate within each envelope, an input circuit connected to said grids, an output circuit connected to said plates, a grid return connection between said input circuit and said cathode emitter, a pair of ionizing electrodes within each envelope a circuit for supplying alternating cu'rrentto said pairs of electrodes, an impedance connectedacross said circuit, and a connection between the midble gas contenti'a grid, a cathode emitter and a plate within each envelope, an input circuit connected to said grids, an output circuit connected to said plates, a grid return connection between i said input circuit and said cathode emitter a pair 55 of ionizing electrodes within each envelope, a circuit for supplying alternating current to said pairs of electrodes, an impedance connected across said circuit, a connection between the midpoint of said impedance and the midpoint of the output circuit, 7 and a filter circuit in said connections.

16. A combined repeating and rectifying circuit comprising a pair of envelopes having an ionizable gas content, a grid, a cathode emitter and a plate within each envelope, an input circuit connected to said grids, an output circuit connected to said plates, a grid return connection between said input circuit and saldcathode emitter, a pair of ionizing electrodes within each envelope a circuit for supplying alternating current to said pairs of electrodes, an impedance connected across said circuit, a connection between the midpoint of said impedance and the midpoint of the output circuit, an impedance between said connections, .and a plurality of variable tap connections to said impedance to provide operating potentials.

1'7. A combined repeating and rectifying circuit comprising a pair of envelopes having an ionizable gas content, a grid, a cathode emitter and a plate within each envelope, an input circuit. connected to said grids, an output circuit connected to said plates, a grid return connection between said input circuit and said cathode emitter, a pair of ionizing electrodes within each envelope a circuit for supplying'alternating cur-' rent to said pairs of electrodes, an impedance connected across said circuit, a connection between the midpoint of said impedance and the midpoint of the output circuit, an impedance between said connections, a plurality of variable tap connections to said impedance to provide operati potentials, and a filter circuit in said connections.

18. In a combined repeating and rectifying system the combination comprising three envelopes each having an ionizable gas content, a grid, a cathode emitter and a plate, an input circuit connected to each grid and an output circuit connected to each plate, the input and output circuits being coupled to provide a cascade repeating and amplifying circuit, a pair of ionizing electrodes, an impedance connected across said circuit, an impedance connected between two of said cathode emitters, and connections between said impedances and said input and output circuits to provide operating potentials therefor.

19. In a repeating apparatus as described, a pair of envelopes each having an ionizable vapor content, a grid, a plate and a cathode in each envelope, an input circuit connected to each grid, an output circuit connected to each plate, means for I coupling one output circuit to the input circuit of the other envelope, means for ionizing the vapor in each envelope, andconnections including said plate circuits, and said means for applying operating potentials on said plates. 5

20. In a repeating apparatus as described, an envelope having an ionizable vapor content, a grid, a plate and a cathode, a pair of ionizing electrodes, a circuit connected to said plate, and means for energizing said pair of electrodes from either a direct or an alternating current source to render the cathode active.

21. In a repeating apparatus as described, a pair of envelopes each having an ionizable vapor content, a grid, a plate, and a cathode in each 15 envelope, an input circuit connected to each grid, an output circuit connected to each plate, means for ionizing the vapor in each envelope, means for energizing said means from either a direct or an alternating current source, and connections in- 20 eluding said plate circuits and said means for supplying operating potentials to said plates.

22. In a rectifying and amplifying circuit, the combination comprising an ionizable vapor filled envelope having a grid, a plate, and a cathode 25 emitter therein, a pair of electroes within said envelope adjacent said emitter, aninput circuit connected between the grid and emitter, an output circuit connected between the plate and emitter, and a current source of either direct or an alternating current connected between said pair of electrodes to produce ionization of the vapor content of the envelope.

23. In a combined amplifying and rectifying system, the combination comprising a pair of gas 35 filled envelopes each having a grid, a cathode emitter, and a plate therein, means for coupling said electrodes into a cascaded repeating circuit,

a pair of ionizing electrodes within said vessel, circuits for supplying alternating or direct cur- 40 rent to said ionizing electrodes, means connected between said ionizing electrodes and said cathode emitters for supplying operating potentials to the plates of said envelopes, and means for biasing the grids with respect to the cathode emitters.

MICHEL MACKSOUD.

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