US2017119A - Treatment of textile and other materials - Google Patents

Description

Patented Oct. 15, 1935 UNITED STATE TREATMENT OF TEXTILE AND QTHER MATERIALS George Holland Ellis and Ernest William Kirk, Spondon, near Derby, England, assignors to Celanese Corporation of America, a corporation of Delaware No Drawing. Application February 4, 1932, Serial 24 Claims.

This invention relates to improvements in the treatment of materials and more especially to a treatment of textile or other materials to render colorations thereon more fast. I

In the coloration of textile and other materials it is of course desirable that the colors produced should be as fast as possible to light and other agencies, for example to the combined action of light and acid, e. g. acid fumes. Among dyestuffs suffering from a lack of fastness to the combined agencies of light and acids, but which are otherwise of great value for the coloration of organic derivatives of cellulose are certain anthraquinone dyes, particularly those containing free amino or alkyl amino groups. Some of these dyestuffs yield on cellulose esters and ethers valuable shades, particularly blue shades, which are difiicult to secure by other means and it is therefore a matter of great importance that an eflicient method of increasing the fastness of these dyes in particular should be found.

In U. S. Patent No. 1,723,230 processes are described for increasing the fastness to light of colorations, and particularly azo dye colorations, on materials containing cellulose acetate, by treating the dyed, printed or stencilled materials with one or more amino or substituted amino compounds, e. g. aniline, alkylated aniline, or alkylated phenylene diamines. Further in U. S. application S. No. 449,082 (Patent 1,930,232) filed 1st May, 1930 there is described the use for the same purpose of substantiallycolorless or white alkylated amino diaryl bases, such for example as tetramethyl diaminodiphenyl methane or other tetra-alkylated diaminodiphenyl m e t h a n e 5. Again U. S. application S. No. 523,940 filed 19th March, 1931 describes the use of aralkylated aromatic amines, such for example as benzyl-ethylaniline, for increasing the fastness of colorations to the combined agencies of light and acid, while in U. S. application S. No. 523,941 (Patent No. 1,957,493) filed 19th March, 1931 mono acidyl derivatives of aliphatic diamines are described as useful for this purpose.

It has now been found that aralkylamino bases and other organic bases in which an amino group In Great Britain February 11,

for example dyeings, printings, or stencillings, produced on cellulose ester or ether materials with the above-mentioned anthraquinone derivatives, particularly those containing free amino or alkyl amino groups, and that compounds of the aforesaid character possess the advantage of a greatly reduced liability to develop color on exposure to air or oxidizing agencies. These compounds may therefore be used'without danger for increasing the fastness of light colorations which 10 would readily show any discoloration due to the development of color by the stabilizing agent. It has further been found that the aforesaid compounds may impart other desirable properties to textile materials. Thus higher aliphatic 15 amino bases may be utilized inplace of oils, fats and the like for softening, lubricating and other treatments of textile materials. The treatments may be applied at any stage in the production of these materials. Thus the entire manufacture and treatment of textile materials from the pro-, duction of the filaments in artificial materials, or the production of yarn in natural materials right up to the production of finished fabrics, may be effected without the use ofv substances such as fats or oils, liable to develop acidity which may be prejudicial to any colorations applied to the materials.

Broadly therefore the present invention comprises treating textile materials with or incor- 3o porating therein aralkylamino compounds, e. g. primary,secondary, or tertiary aralkylamines, or f other organic amino compounds in which an amino group is not directly attached to an aryl residue. Such compounds are preferably of low volatility. Amino compounds of the type men-.- tioned and containing more than one amino grouping also lie within the scope of the present invention.

Among aralkylamino compounds which may be 40 employed in accordance with the present invention may be mentioned mono-, diand tri-benzylamines, mono benzylmethylamine, di-benzyl-r methylamine, di-beimyl-w-oxy-ethylamine and compounds of this type substituted in aryl nuclei. 45 Among other compounds which may be employed in accordance with the present invention both for the stabilization of colorations and for lubricating, softening and otherwise, treating textile materials are aliphatic amines, especially the higher 50 aliphatic amines, e. g. those containing 8, 10, 14 or more carbon atoms, for example primary or secondary octylamine, amino derivatives of cyclo parafiins or substituted cyclo paraflins, and compounds obtainable by the action of ammonia or ammonia-yielding compounds on halogenated higher aliphatic hydrocarbons. Amines of low volatility are particularly valuable.

When applying the invention for improving the fastness of colorations on textile materials other substances capable of improving their fastness, for instance the ureas, thioureas and guanidines of U. S. application S. No. 450,308 (Patent No. 1,985,248) filed 6th May, 1930, and also the compounds mentioned in the prior specifications referred to, with or without inorganic compounds having an alkaline reaction, that is to say, substances such for example as sodium carbonate, borax, disodium hydrogen phosphate, sodium acetate, sodium palmitate, or sodium oleate containing an inorganic base, may be applied to the materials in addition to, and either separately from or simultaneuosly with, the amines of the present invention. In the treatment of materials made of or containing cellulose esters such inorganic substances are preferably not sufiiciently basic or alkaline, or are not applied in s ufiicient concentration to produce a deleterious degree of hydrolysis on the cellulose ester.

The amines of the present invention may be applied in any suitable manner, for example in the treatment of materials containing a cellulose ester or ether they may be absorbed from aqueous solutions of their salts, for example their hydrochlorides. The cellulose derivative may if de sired absorb the amine while in a swollen condition. The amines may also conveniently be applied in the form of aqueous emulsions or dispersions produced in any suitable manner, for instance by the methods described in U. S. Patents Nos. 1,618,413, 1,618,414, 1,694,413, 1,690,481, 1,803,008 and 1,716,721 and U. S. applications S. Nos. 134,138 (Patent No. 1,840,572) filed 7th September, 1926, 390,423 (Patent No. 1,928,647) and 390,424 (Patent No. 1,959,352) both filed 4th September, 1929. Again, where possible the amino base may be applied in solution, for example an aqueous solution of monobenzylamine may be applied to the fabric. From the point of view of ease of application, and capacity for resisting removal from the materials, the invention particularly contemplates the use of bases having a substantive affinity for the materials under treatment.

Emulsions and dispersions of the amines may be directly prepared of a strength suitable for application to the textile materials. If desired, however, the amines may first be brought-into the form of solid, powdered, paste, liquid or other more or less concentrated prepartions capable of yielding, by dilution with water, soap solution, or the like, treatment baths containing the amino compounds in suitably dispersed form. These preparations which constitute an important feature of the present invention may be prepared for instance by evaporating or otherwise removing water from less concentrated preparations or by simple grinding or mixing the amino compounds with dispersing agents and/0r protective colloids with or without water. Again, their salts, for example the hydrochlorides, may be ground or mixed with dispersing agents and/or protective colloids whereby preparations may be obtained.

which yield very satisfactory dispersions on discontaining the amino base together with coloring matters, and particularly the coloring matters of the anthraquinone series containing free amino or alkyl amino groups. Such compositions which preferably contain the amino base and the dyestuff in dispersed form also form part of the present invention, and may be applied directly for the coloration of materials in fast shades.

The bases utilized in accordance with the present invention may be applied to or incorporated in textile or other materials at any suitable stage of their manufacture. For example, textile materials may be treated with emulsions, dispersions or solutions of the bases before or during dyeing or during a finishing operation or other aftertreatment;

A further method of incorporating the amino base in artificial materials, and particularly artificial materials made of or containing cellulose acetate or other cellulose esters or ethers, consists in dissolving or otherwise incorporating the amino base in the spinning solution used in the manufacture of the materials. Thus, for example an acetone solution of cellulose acetate containing 2% of dibenzylarnine on the weight of the cellulose acetate may be spun according to dryspinning methods to produce cellulose acetate u filaments which are capable of being directly dyed in fast shades with anthraquinone dyestuffs. Again, for lubricating, softening or other treatments, the bases may conveniently be applied to artificial filaments as a solution in a volatile solvent or as an emulsion or dispersion or even in the absence of other admixture, by means of a wick or like means continuously with their production.

The following examples illustrate the invention without being in any way limitative:-

Example 1 perature kept at C. until the bath is suflid ciently exhausted. The fabric is then lifted, rinsed and finished. A blue color of good resistance to the combined action of light and acids is obtained on the fabric.

Example 2 kilos of a mixed fabric containing approximately 50% cotton and 50% cellulose acetate are immersed in a dye bath of suitable volume containing 500 grams of a good textile soap and dispersions of 250 grams of 1:4-diamethylamino anthraquinone and 250 grams of 2:4-dinitro-diphenylamine. One kilo of a dispersion in 50% Turkey red oil of the crude mixture of benzylamines obtained by treating benzyl chloride with a solution of ammonia in alcohol for several days at room temperature is added together with suitable dyestuifs for the cotton, e.g. Solar Green BL and Solar Flavine 3G (Sandoz) and the temperature is maintained at 75 C. until the desired shade has been achieved on both constituents of the material. The fabric is then lifted, rinsed and dried or otherwise treated as desired. A green shade is obtained which is of greater fastmess to the action of light and acids than the shade obtained by a corresponding process wherein there has been no treatment with the benzylamines.

Example 3 A concentrated preparation of dibenzylmethylamine prepared by the action of benzyl chloride on methylainine in alcoholic solution is made up by stirring 10 kilos of dibenzylmethylamine into 10 kilos of hot 50% Turkey red oil. Four kilos of this preparation are then added to a dye bath in which 100 kilos of a fabric consisting of cellulose acetate is immersed. Monomethyl-diaminoanthrarufin is then added and the dyeing conducted in the usual manner until the desired shade is achieved. The fabric is then rinsed, dried, or squeezed free from superfluous liquor and immersed in a bath containing 2 grams per litre each of borax and thiourea. It is then dried without rinsing and finished as desired. The incorporation of the benzylmethylamine and of the borax and thiourea enhances the resistance of the 1 blue color obtained on the material to the action of light and to the products of the combustion of coal and coal gas.

Example 4 1 kilo of secondary octylamine is mixed with 1 kilo of 50% Turkey red oil, the stirring being continued until a homogeneous product is obtained. Cellulose acetate yarn dyed blue-violet with 0.5% 1-methylamino-4-amino-anthraquinone is immersed in a bath containing 6 grams of the mixture for each litre of its volume and worked until thoroughly impregnated. The material is then removed and dried without rinsing.

As already indicated the invention is of particular value in rendering fast to the combined agencies of light and acid colorations produced with anthraquinone derivatives, and especially those containing free amino, or alkyl amino groups. For this reason the process is most valuable in connection with treatment of materials made of or containing cellulose acetate or other cellulose esters or ethers, for instance cellulose formate, cellulose propionate, cellulose butyrate, or methyl, ethyl, or benzyl cellulose, or materials containing such cellulose derivatives associated with other fibres, such as wool, cotton, or silk. The invention may, however, be applied to the treatment of materials consisting wholly of wool, cotton, or silk or other fibres.

What we claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:-

1. Process for improving the fastness of colorations on textile materials, comprising incorporating in the materials a substantially colorless organic compound containing a basic amino group directly attached to an alkyl group, said compound being free from basic amino groups attached directly to aryl residues.

2. Process for improving the fastness of colorations on materials comprising an organic derivative of cellulose, comprising incorporating in the materials a substantially colorless organic compound containing a basic amino group directly attached to an alkyl group, said compound being free from basic amino groups attached directly to aryl residues.

3. Process for improving the fastness of colorations on materials comprising cellulose acetate, comprising incorporating in the materials a substantially colorless organic compound containing a basic amino group directly attached to an alkyl group, said compound being free from basic amino groups attached directly to aryl residues.

4. Process for improving the fastness oi colorations on textile materials, comprising incorporating in the materials substantially colorless aral- 5 kylamines.

5. Process for improving the fastness oi colorations on materials comprising an organic derivative of cellulose, comprising incorporating in the materials substantially colorless aralkylamines. 10

6. Process for improving the fastness of colorations on materials comprising cellulose acetate, comprising incorporating in the materials substantially colorless aralkylamines.

7. Process for improving the fastness of colora- 15 tions on materials comprising an organic derivative of cellulose, comprising incorporating in the materials up to 2% of their weight of a substantially colorless aralkylamine.

8. In a process for improving the fastness of 20 colorations on textile materials comprising an organic derivative of cellulose by means of substantially colorless aralkylamines, incorporating said aralkylamines in a solution of the cellulose derivative and spinning the solution to form filaments. 25

9. In a process for improving the fastness of colorations on textile materials comprising cellulose acetate by means of substantially colorless aralkylamines, incorporating said aralkylamines in a solution of the cellulose derivative and spin- 30 ning the solution to form filaments.

10. Process for improving the fastness of colorations on materials comprising an organic derivative of cellulose, comprising incorporating in the materials substantially colorless aralkyl- 5 amines and inorganic substances having an acid reaction.

11. Process for improving the fastness of colorations on textile materials, comprising incorporating in the materials a benzylamine. 40

12. Process for improving the fastness of colorations on materials comprising an organic derivative of cellulose, comprising incorporating in the materials a benzylamine.

13. Process for improving the fastness of color- 5 ations on materials comprising cellulose acetate, comprising incorporating in the materials a benzylamine.

14. Process for improving the fastness of colorations on materials comprising cellulose acetate, 50 comprising incorporating in the materials up to 2% of their weight of a benzylamine.

15. Textile materials containing a substantially colorless organic compound containing a basic amino group directly attached to an alkyl group, said compound being free from basic amino compounds directly attached to aryl residues.

16. Materials comprising an organic derivative of cellulose and containing a substantially colorless organic compound containing a basic amino group directly attached to an alkyl group, said compound being free from basic amino compounds directly attached to aryl residues.

17. Textile materials containing a substantially colorless aralkylamine.

18. Materials comprising an organic derivative of cellulose and containing a substantially colorless aralkylamine.

19. Materials comprising cellulose acetate and containing a substantially colorless aralkylamine.

20. Materials comprising an organic derivative of cellulose and containing up to 2% of their weight of a substantially colorless aralkylamine.

21. Materials comprising cellulose acetate and containing a benzylamine.

22. A composition 01' matter containing a dyestuff, a substantially colorless organic compound 5 containing a basic amino group directly attached to an alkyl group, said compound being free from basic amino groups attached to aryl residues, and

a compound selected from the group of dispersing agents and protective colloids.

23. A composition or matter containing an GEORGE HOLLAND EILIS. ERNEST WILLIAM KIRK.