US20170342199A1 - Oligomer, composition and composite material employing the same - Google Patents
Oligomer, composition and composite material employing the same Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20170342199A1 US20170342199A1 US15/394,457 US201615394457A US2017342199A1 US 20170342199 A1 US20170342199 A1 US 20170342199A1 US 201615394457 A US201615394457 A US 201615394457A US 2017342199 A1 US2017342199 A1 US 2017342199A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- hydrogen
- oligomer
- resin
- copolymer
- group
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
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- HLGOWXWFQWQIBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N C=CC1CCC(C=C)C1 Chemical compound C=CC1CCC(C=C)C1 HLGOWXWFQWQIBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- VOLMHSGQMBJBDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N C=CC1CC(C=C)C(C=C)C1 Chemical compound C=CC1CC(C=C)C(C=C)C1 VOLMHSGQMBJBDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 0 */C=C\C1CC(/C=C\C2CCC(/C=C\[1*])C2)CC1CC=C Chemical compound */C=C\C1CC(/C=C\C2CCC(/C=C\[1*])C2)CC1CC=C 0.000 description 10
- FJMQZNWXQMIWGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N C=CCC1CC(C=C)CC1C=C Chemical compound C=CCC1CC(C=C)CC1C=C FJMQZNWXQMIWGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N C=CCC Chemical compound C=CCC VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IFTRQJLVEBNKJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCC1CCCC1 Chemical compound CCC1CCCC1 IFTRQJLVEBNKJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IIEWJVIFRVWJOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCC1CCCCC1 Chemical compound CCC1CCCCC1 IIEWJVIFRVWJOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FBGUQAGGWLRXTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCC1CCCCCCC1 Chemical compound CCC1CCCCCCC1 FBGUQAGGWLRXTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CIIDLXOAZNMULT-UHFFFAOYSA-N C.CCC Chemical compound C.CCC CIIDLXOAZNMULT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PGXXWBOPUNAGKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N C.CCC1=CC=CC=C1 Chemical compound C.CCC1=CC=CC=C1 PGXXWBOPUNAGKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UJYQKLJVQIJGDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N C.CCC1CCCCCC1 Chemical compound C.CCC1CCCCCC1 UJYQKLJVQIJGDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JFNLZVQOOSMTJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N C1=CC2CCC1C2 Chemical compound C1=CC2CCC1C2 JFNLZVQOOSMTJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UAKPCRIFCXQISY-UHFFFAOYSA-N C=CCC1CC2C=CC1C2 Chemical compound C=CCC1CC2C=CC1C2 UAKPCRIFCXQISY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCC Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YNQLUTRBYVCPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCC1=CC=CC=C1 Chemical compound CCC1=CC=CC=C1 YNQLUTRBYVCPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ITZHTNFXLDFAPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCC1CCCCCC1 Chemical compound CCC1CCCCCC1 ITZHTNFXLDFAPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G2261/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbon-to-carbon link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G2261/70—Post-treatment
- C08G2261/76—Post-treatment crosslinking
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2345/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having no unsaturated aliphatic radicals in side chain, and having one or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds in a carbocyclic or in a heterocyclic ring system; Derivatives of such polymers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2365/00—Characterised by the use of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbon-to-carbon link in the main chain; Derivatives of such polymers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2371/00—Characterised by the use of polyethers obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2371/08—Polyethers derived from hydroxy compounds or from their metallic derivatives
- C08J2371/10—Polyethers derived from hydroxy compounds or from their metallic derivatives from phenols
- C08J2371/12—Polyphenylene oxides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2453/00—Characterised by the use of block copolymers containing at least one sequence of a polymer obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2453/02—Characterised by the use of block copolymers containing at least one sequence of a polymer obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Derivatives of such polymers of vinyl aromatic monomers and conjugated dienes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2465/00—Characterised by the use of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbon-to-carbon link in the main chain; Derivatives of such polymers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2203/00—Applications
- C08L2203/20—Applications use in electrical or conductive gadgets
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K1/00—Printed circuits
- H05K1/02—Details
- H05K1/0213—Electrical arrangements not otherwise provided for
- H05K1/0237—High frequency adaptations
- H05K1/024—Dielectric details, e.g. changing the dielectric material around a transmission line
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K1/00—Printed circuits
- H05K1/02—Details
- H05K1/03—Use of materials for the substrate
- H05K1/0313—Organic insulating material
- H05K1/032—Organic insulating material consisting of one material
- H05K1/0326—Organic insulating material consisting of one material containing O
Definitions
- the disclosure relates to an oligomer, a composition and a composite material employing the same.
- the trend in electronic products has been toward smaller sizes, lighter weights, higher operating speeds, and higher-frequency transmission. Therefore, the distribution for printed circuit boards is toward high-density.
- the ideal materials for use in printed circuit boards must have a low dielectric constant (dielectric constant, Dk) and a low dissipation factor (dissipation factor, Df).
- Dk dielectric constant
- DO dissipation factor
- the disclosure provides an oligomer.
- the oligomer has a structure represented by Formula (I)
- R 1 and R 2 are independently hydrogen, C 1-20 alkyl group, C 2-20 alkenyl group, C 6-12 aryl group, C 6-12 alkylaryl group, C 5-12 cycloalkyl group, C 6-20 cycloalkylalkyl group, alkoxycarbonyl group, or alkylcarbonyloxy group, R 1 is not hydrogen when R 2 is hydrogen; a is 0 or 1; n ⁇ 0; m ⁇ 1; n:m is from about 0:100 to 99:1; the oligomer number average molecular weight less than or equal to 12,000; and the repeat unit
- the disclosure also provides a composition including about 1-99 parts by weight of the aforementioned oligomer; and about 1-99 parts by weight of resin.
- the disclosure also provides a composite material including a cured product or a semi-cured product prepared from the aforementioned composition; and a substrate, wherein the cured product or the semi-cured product is disposed on the substrate or disposed within the substrate.
- Embodiments of the disclosure provide an oligomer, a composition, and a composite material employing the same.
- the oligomer of the disclosure can be prepared by copolymerizing a first monomer (such as vinyl norbornene) and a second monomer (such as norbornene) via ring-opening polymerization, and ⁇ -olefin can be introduced during copolymerization in order to control the molecular weight of the obtained copolymer (i.e. the obtained copolymer can have a number average molecular weight less than or equal to 12,000).
- the oligomer exhibits high processability.
- the oligomer can enhance the mechanical strength of the substrate material when the oligomer is used as a reactant for preparing the substrate material.
- Embodiments of the disclosure also provide a composition including the aforementioned oligomer and a composite material (such as a prepreg) including a cured product or a semi-cured product prepared from the composition.
- the cured product of the composition of the disclosure exhibits a relatively low dielectric constant (Dk) (less than 3.0 (at 10 GHz)) and a relatively low dissipation factor (Df) (less than 0.0033 (at 10 GHz)), and can serve as a good material for the high-frequency substrate in order to improve the problem of insertion loss.
- Dk dielectric constant
- Df dissipation factor
- the oligomer has a structure represented by Formula (I)
- R 1 and R 2 are independently hydrogen, C 1-20 alkyl group, C 2-20 alkenyl group, C 6-12 aryl group, C 6-12 alkylaryl group, C 5-12 cycloalkyl group, C 6-20 cycloalkylalkyl group, alkoxycarbonyl group, or alkylcarbonyloxy group, R 1 is not hydrogen when R 2 is hydrogen; a is 0 or 1; n ⁇ 0 (such as n ⁇ 1); m ⁇ 1; n:m is from about 0:100 to 99:1; the oligomer number average molecular weight less than or equal to 12,000; and the repeat unit
- the alkyl group of the disclosure can be linear or branched alkyl group.
- R 1 and R 2 can be independently a linear or branched alkyl group having 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, or 20 carbon atoms.
- the alkenyl group of the disclosure can be linear or branched alkenyl group.
- R 1 and R 2 can be independently a linear or branched alkenyl group having 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, or 20 carbon atoms.
- R 1 and R 2 can be independently hydrogen, or
- b can be 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, or 19; and R 1 is not hydrogen when R 2 is hydrogen.
- the C 6-12 aryl group of the disclosure can be phenyl group, biphenyl group, or naphthyl group.
- R 1 and R 2 are independently hydrogen, or
- c can be 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6; and R 1 is not hydrogen when R 2 is hydrogen.
- R 1 and R2 can be independently hydrogen, or
- d can be 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6; and R 1 is not hydrogen when R 2 is hydrogen.
- R 1 and R 2 can be independently hydrogen, or
- e can be 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6; and R 1 is not hydrogen when R 2 is hydrogen.
- R 1 and R 2 can be independently hydrogen, or
- R 3 can be C 1-6 alkyl group, R 1 is not hydrogen when R 2 is hydrogen.
- R 3 can be methyl group, ethyl group, propyl group, isopropyl group, butyl group, isobutyl group, tert-butyl group, pentyl group, or hexyl group.
- R 1 and R 2 can be independently hydrogen, or
- R 4 can be C 1-6 alkyl group; and R 1 is not hydrogen when R 2 is hydrogen.
- R 4 can be methyl group, ethyl group, propyl group, isopropyl group, butyl group, isobutyl group, tert-butyl group, pentyl group, or hexyl group.
- R 1 and R 2 can be independently hydrogen, or
- h can be 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6; and R 1 is not hydrogen when R 2 is hydrogen.
- R 1 and R 2 can be independently hydrogen, or
- i can be 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6; and R 1 is not hydrogen when R 2 is hydrogen.
- R 1 and R 2 can be independently hydrogen, or
- j can be 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6; and R 1 is not hydrogen when R 2 is hydrogen.
- n:m can be from about 0:100 to 99:1, such as from about 1:9 to 9:1, from about 2:8 to 8:2, from about 3:7 to 7:3, or from about 3:7 to 6:4. Due to the adjustment of the ratio between the two repeat units of the oligomer, the properties of the cured product prepared by crosslinking the oligomer and the resin can be modified. For example, when increasing the amount of the repeat unit
- the crosslinking density of the cured product can be increased.
- the molecular weight of the coploymer can be controlled.
- the number average molecular weight of the oligomer can be less than 12,000, such as from about 800 to 12,000, from about 800 to 9,000, from about 800 to 8,000, from about 800 to 7,000, from about 800 to 6,000, or from about 800 to 5,000.
- the oligomer can have high solubility in organic solvent, thereby enhancing the processability of the oligomer.
- the oligomer of the disclosure exhibits superior storability.
- the method for preparing the aforementioned oligomer can include mixing and reacting a first monomer, a second monomer, and ⁇ -olefin to obtain the oligomer.
- the method for preparing the aforementioned oligomer can include mixing and reacting a metal catalyst, a first monomer, a second monomer, and ⁇ -olefin to obtain the oligomer.
- the method for preparing the aforementioned oligomer can include mixing and reacting a photoredox initiator, a photoredox mediator, a first monomer, a second monomer, and ⁇ -olefin to obtain the oligomer.
- the photoredox initiator can be vinyl ether, 1-methoxy-4-phenyl butene, 2-cyclohexyl-1-methoxyethylene, or a combination thereof.
- the photoredox mediator can be pyrylium salt, acridinium salt, or a combination thereof.
- the method for preparing the aforementioned oligomer can include mixing and reacting a first monomer, a second monomer, and ⁇ -olefin under electrochemical condition to obtain the oligomer.
- the metal catalyst can be Grubbs catalyst, such as first-generation Grubbs catalyst, second-generation Grubbs catalyst, Hoveyda-Grubbs catalyst, derivatives thereof, or a combination including at least one of the above catalysts.
- Grubbs catalyst such as first-generation Grubbs catalyst, second-generation Grubbs catalyst, Hoveyda-Grubbs catalyst, derivatives thereof, or a combination including at least one of the above catalysts.
- the first monomer can be
- the first monomer is vinyl norbornene.
- the second monomer can be norbornene
- the ⁇ -olefin can be
- R 5 can be C 1-20 alkyl group, C 2-20 alkenyl group, C 6-12 aryl group, C 6-12 alkylaryl group, C 5-12 cycloalkyl group, C 6-20 cycloalkylalkyl group, alkoxycarbonyl group, or alkylcarbonyloxy group.
- ⁇ -olefin can be
- b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, R 3 , and R 4 have the same definition as above.
- the sequence in which components are added is not limited.
- a metal catalyst can be dissolved in a solvent first, obtaining a metal-catalyst-containing solution.
- a solution including the first monomer and ⁇ -olefin is mixed with the metal-catalyst-containing solution.
- the second monomer is added into the above mixture.
- the molar ratio of the first monomer to the second monomer can be from about 100:0 (i.e.
- the second monomer added there is no the second monomer added) to 1:99, such as from about 9:1 to 1:9, from about 8:2 to 2:8, from about 3:7 to 7:3, or from about 3:7 to 6:4.
- the molar percentage of ⁇ -olefin can be from about 1 mol % to 85 mol %, such as about from 5 mol % to 75 mol %, or about from 10 mol % to 75 mol %, based on the total moles of the first monomer and the second monomer.
- the amount of the ⁇ -olefin is inversely proportional to the molecular weight of the oligomer, so that the molecular weight of the oligomer can be controlled by means of the amount of ⁇ -olefin.
- the molar percentage of ⁇ -olefin is too low, the oligomer would have relatively high molecular weight and exhibit poor processability and storability.
- the molar percentage of ⁇ -olefin is too high, the oligomer would have a relatively low molecular weight and the process for preparing the substrate is not easy to control.
- the disclosure also provides a composition including the aforementioned oligomer, and one or at least one resin.
- the composition can include about 1-99 parts by weight of the oligomer, about 10-90 parts by weight of the oligomer, or about 20-80 parts by weight of the oligomer.
- the composition can include about 1-99 parts by weight of the resin, about 10-90 parts by weight of the resin, or about 20-80 parts by weight of the resin.
- the resin can be polyolefin resin (such as polybutadiene resin), polyalkenamer resin, cyclic olefin polymer resin, cycloolefin copolymer resin, epoxy resin, cyanate resin, phenol resin, novolac resin, polystyrene resin, styrene-butadiene copolymer resin (such as polystyrene-butadiene-styrene resin), polyamide resin, polyimide resin, maleimide resin, bismaleimide resin, polyphenylene ether resin, or a combination thereof.
- the weight percentage of the oligomer can be from about 1 wt % to 99 wt %, from about 10 wt % to 90 wt %, or from about 20 wt % to 80 wt %
- the weight percentage of the resin can be from about 1 wt % to 99 wt %, from about 10 wt % to 90 wt %, or from about 20 wt % to 80 wt %, based on the total weight of the oligomer and resin.
- the disclosure also provides a composite material.
- the composite material can include a cured product or a semi-cured product of the composition, and a substrate.
- the cured product or semi-cured product is disposed on the substrate or within the substrate.
- the substrate can be a glass fiber, or a copper foil.
- the composite material can include a prepreg, and the method for preparing the prepreg includes immersing a glass fiber (serving as the substrate) into the aforementioned composition. Next, the composition is subjected to a semi-curing process, obtaining the prepreg.
- the composite material can further include a copper foil, and the composite material can be a copper foil substrate, a printed circuit board, or an integrated circuit.
- inventive concept of the disclosure may be embodied in various forms without being limited to the exemplary embodiments set forth herein.
- Copolymer (I) was about 1:1.
- Copolymer (II) was about 1:1
- Copolymer (IV) was about 0.5:1.
- Copolymer (V) was about 1:1
- Copolymer (VI) was about 1:1.
- Copolymer (VII) was about 1:1.
- Copolymer (IX) was about 1:1.
- Copolymer (X) was about 1:1.
- the number average molecular weight (Mn), the polydispersity index (PDI) of the obtained copolymer can be controlled by means of the addition of 1-hexene ( ⁇ -olefin). Therefore, the obtained copolymer has a molecular weight less than or equal to 12,000, thereby increasing the solubility of the copolymer and promoting the subsequent process.
- ⁇ -olefin (1-octadecene) had a molar percentage of 50 mol %, based on the total moles of vinyl norbornene and norbornene.
- 25 ml of ethyl vinyl ether was added into the reaction bottle.
- the catalyst of the result was removed and then was purified by a reprecipitation with methanol. After concentration, Copolymer (XII) was obtained.
- Example 11 was performed in the same manner as Example 10 except that the amount of 1-octadecene was reduced from 0.247 mol to 0.049 mol, obtaining Copolymer (XIII).
- the number average molecular weight (Mn), the polydispersity index (PDI), the solubility (in toluene), and the temperature corresponding to a thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) weight loss of 5% of Copolymer (XIII) were determined, and the results are shown in Table 2.
- Example 12 was performed in the same manner as Example 10 except that the 1-octadecene was replaced with styrene, obtaining Copolymer (XIV).
- Mn number average molecular weight
- PDI polydispersity index
- TGA thermogravimetric analysis
- Example 15 was performed in the same manner as Example 10 except that the 1-octadecene was replaced with allyl acetate, obtaining Copolymer (XVII).
- Mn number average molecular weight
- PDI polydispersity index
- TGA thermogravimetric analysis
- Example 16 was performed in the same manner as Example 10 except that the 1-octadecene was replaced with 1,5-hexadiene, obtaining Copolymer (XVIII).
- the number average molecular weight (Mn), the polydispersity index (PDI), the solubility (in toluene), and the temperature corresponding to a thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) weight loss of 5% of Copolymer (XVIII) were determined, and the results are shown in Table 2.
- the number average molecular weight (Mn), the polydispersity index (PDI) of the obtained copolymer can be controlled by means of the addition of ⁇ -olefin.
- Mn number average molecular weight
- PDI polydispersity index
- the suitable amount (mol %) of ⁇ -olefin is larger than about 70 mol %, such as larger than 80 mol %.
- copolymers prepared from Examples 1-6 and 9-16 and Comparative Examples 1-2 were kept for one day (or two days), and then the solubility (in toluene) and viscosity of the copolymer were measured. The results are shown in Table 3.
- Example Example Example Example 1 2 3 5 6 9 10 solubility kept >70 >70 >70 >60 >60 20 >70 in toluene for one (wt %) day kept >70 >70 >60 >60 >15 >70 for 2 days viscosity(cP) 100 534 11,260 376,200 2,754 solid 18
- Example 1 Example 2 solubility kept >70 >70 >70 >70 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 10 in toluene for one (wt %) day kept >70 >70 >70 >70 ⁇ 1 insoluble for 2 days viscosity(cP) 2,869 11,260 52,140 78 solid solid solid solid
- the copolymers prepared from Examples exhibit superior solubility after two days, since the molecular weight and polydispersity index of the copolymer can be controlled by means of the addition of ⁇ -olefin (the obtained copolymers have a molecular weight less than or equal to 12,000). Accordingly, the oligomer of the disclosure exhibits superior storability.
- Copolymer (I) (40 parts by weight) of Example 1, polyphenylene ether (PPE, manufactured and sold by SABIC with a trade No. of SA9000 (with a molecular weight of about 2,300) (60 parts by weight), and a suitable quantity of initiator were added into a reaction bottle, and then dissolved in toluene. After mixing completely, a composition was obtained. Next, the aforementioned composition was coated on a copper foil (manufactured and sold by Furukawa Circuit Foil Co., Ltd.). Next, the copper foil coated with the composition was heated at 100° C. for a period of time. Next, the above copper foil was then heated gradually and then the composition was subjected to a crosslinking reaction under a temperature less than 250° C. (in order to achieve the best crosslinking density), obtaining Film (I). Next, the dielectric constant (Dk) and the dissipation factor (Df) of Film (I) were measured at 10 GHz, and the results are shown in Table 4.
- Example 18 was performed in the same manner as Example 17 except that Copolymer (I) of Example 1 was replaced with Copolymer (III) of Example 3, obtaining Film (II). Next, the dielectric constant (Dk) and the dissipation factor (Df) of Film (II) were measured at 10 GHz, and the results are shown in Table 4.
- Example 19 was performed in the same manner as Example 17 except that Copolymer (I) of Example 1 was replaced with Copolymer (IV) of Example 4, obtaining Film (III). Next, the dielectric constant (Dk) and the dissipation factor (Df) of Film (III) were measured at 10 GHz, and the results are shown in Table 4.
- Example 20 was performed in the same manner as Example 17 except that Copolymer (I) of Example 1 was replaced with Copolymer (V) of Example 5, obtaining Film (IV). Next, the dielectric constant (Dk) and the dissipation factor (Df) of Film (IV) were measured at 10 GHz, and the results are shown in Table 4.
- Example 21 was performed in the same manner as Example 17 except that Copolymer (I) of Example 1 was replaced with Copolymer (VI) of Example 6, obtaining Film (V). Next, the dielectric constant (Dk) and the dissipation factor (Df) of Film (V) were measured at 10 GHz, and the results are shown in Table 4.
- Example 22 was performed in the same manner as Example 17 except that Copolymer (I) of Example 1 was replaced with Copolymer (VIII) of Example 8, obtaining Film (VI). Next, the dielectric constant (Dk) and the dissipation factor (Df) of Film (VI) were measured at 10 GHz, and the results are shown in Table 4.
- Example 23 was performed in the same manner as Example 17 except that Copolymer (I) of Example 1 was replaced with Copolymer (XII) of Example 10, obtaining Film (VII). Next, the dielectric constant (Dk) and the dissipation factor (Df) of Film (VII) were measured at 10 GHz, and the results are shown in Table 4.
- Example 24 was performed in the same manner as Example 17 except that Copolymer (I) of Example 1 was replaced with Copolymer (XIII) of Example 11, obtaining Film (VIII). Next, the dielectric constant (Dk) and the dissipation factor (DO of Film (VIII) were measured at 10 GHz, and the results are shown in Table 4.
- Example 25 was performed in the same manner as Example 17 except that Copolymer (I) of Example 1 was replaced with Copolymer (XIV) of Example 12, obtaining Film (XI). Next, the dielectric constant (Dk) and the dissipation factor (Df) of Film (XI) were measured at 10 GHz, and the results are shown in Table 4.
- Example 26 was performed in the same manner as Example 17 except that Copolymer (I) of Example 1 was replaced with Copolymer (XV) of Example 13, obtaining Film (X). Next, the dielectric constant (Dk) and the dissipation factor (Df) of Film (X) were measured at 10 GHz, and the results are shown in Table 4.
- Example 27 was performed in the same manner as Example 17 except that Copolymer (I) of Example 1 was replaced with Copolymer (XVI) of Example 14, obtaining Film (XI). Next, the dielectric constant (Dk) and the dissipation factor (Df) of Film (XI) were measured at 10 GHz, and the results are shown in Table 4.
- Example 28 was performed in the same manner as Example 17 except that Copolymer (I) of Example 1 was replaced with Copolymer (XVII) of Example 15, obtaining Film (XII). Next, the dielectric constant (Dk) and the dissipation factor (Df) of Film (XII) were measured at 10 GHz, and the results are shown in Table 4.
- Example 29 was performed in the same manner as Example 17 except that Copolymer (I) of Example 1 was replaced with Copolymer (XVIII) of Example 16, obtaining Film (XIII). Next, the dielectric constant (Dk) and the dissipation factor (DO of Film (XIII) were measured at 10 GHz, and the results are shown in Table 4.
- 1,3,5-tri-2-propenyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione (40 parts by weight), polyphenylene ether (PPE, manufactured and sold by SABIC with a trade No. of SA9000 (with a molecular weight of about 2,300) (60 parts by weight), and a suitable quantity of initiator were added into a reaction bottle, and then dissolved in toluene. After mixing completely, a composition was obtained. Next, the aforementioned composition was coated on a copper foil (manufactured and sold by Furukawa Circuit Foil Co., Ltd.). Next, the copper foil coated with the composition was heated at 100° C. for a period of time.
- TAIL 1,3,5-tri-2-propenyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione
- Copolymer (I) (31 parts by weight) of Example 1, polyphenylene ether (PPE, manufactured and sold by SABIC with a trade No. of SA9000 (with a molecular weight of about 2,300) (46 parts by weight), polystyrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS, manufactured by Cray Valley with a trade No. of Ricon100) (with a molecular weight of about 4,500) (23 parts by weight) and a suitable quantity of initiator were added into a reaction bottle, and then dissolved in toluene. After mixing completely, a composition was obtained. Next, the aforementioned composition was coated on a copper foil (manufactured and sold by Furukawa Circuit Foil Co., Ltd.).
- the copper foil coated with the composition was heated at 100° C. for a period of time.
- the above copper foil was then heated gradually and then the composition was subjected to a crosslinking reaction under a temperature less than 250° C. (in order to achieve the best crosslinking density), obtaining Film (XV).
- the dielectric constant (Dk) and the dissipation factor (Df) of Film (XV) were measured at 10 GHz, and the results are shown in Table 5.
- Example 31 was performed in the same manner as Example 30 except that Copolymer (I) of Example 1 was replaced with Copolymer (III) of Example 3, obtaining Film (XVI). Next, the dielectric constant (Dk) and the dissipation factor (Df) of Film (XVI) were measured at 10 GHz, and the results are shown in Table 5.
- Example 32 was performed in the same manner as Example 30 except that Copolymer (I) of Example 1 was replaced with Copolymer (IV) of Example 4, obtaining Film (XVII). Next, the dielectric constant (Dk) and the dissipation factor (Df) of Film (XVII) were measured at 10 GHz, and the results are shown in Table 5.
- Example 33 was performed in the same manner as Example 30 except that Copolymer (I) of Example 1 was replaced with Copolymer (V) of Example 5, obtaining Film (XVIII). Next, the dielectric constant (Dk) and the dissipation factor (Df) of Film (XVIII) were measured at 10 GHz, and the results are shown in Table 5.
- Example 34 was performed in the same manner as Example 30 except that Copolymer (I) of Example 1 was replaced with Copolymer (VI) of Example 6, obtaining Film (XIX). Next, the dielectric constant (Dk) and the dissipation factor (Df) of Film (XIX) were measured at 10 GHz, and the results are shown in Table 5.
- Example 35 was performed in the same manner as Example 30 except that Copolymer (I) of Example 1 was replaced with Copolymer (VIII) of Example 8, obtaining Film (XX). Next, the dielectric constant (Dk) and the dissipation factor (Df) of Film (XX) were measured at 10 GHz, and the results are shown in Table 5.
- Example 36 was performed in the same manner as Example 30 except that Copolymer (I) of Example 1 was replaced with Copolymer (XII) of Example 10, obtaining Film (XXI). Next, the dielectric constant (Dk) and the dissipation factor (Df) of Film (XXI) were measured at 10 GHz, and the results are shown in Table 5.
- Example 37 was performed in the same manner as Example 30 except that Copolymer (I) of Example 1 was replaced with Copolymer (XIII) of Example 11, obtaining Film (XXII). Next, the dielectric constant (Dk) and the dissipation factor (Df) of Film (XXII) were measured at 10 GHz, and the results are shown in Table 5.
- Example 38 was performed in the same manner as Example 30 except that Copolymer (I) of Example 1 was replaced with Copolymer (XIV) of Example 12, obtaining Film (XXIII). Next, the dielectric constant (Dk) and the dissipation factor (Df) of Film (XXIII) were measured at 10 GHz, and the results are shown in Table 5.
- Example 39 was performed in the same manner as Example 30 except that Copolymer (I) of Example 1 was replaced with Copolymer (XV) of Example 13, obtaining Film (XXIV). Next, the dielectric constant (Dk) and the dissipation factor (Df) of Film (XXIV) were measured at 10 GHz, and the results are shown in Table 5.
- Example 40 was performed in the same manner as Example 30 except that Copolymer (I) of Example 1 was replaced with Copolymer (XVI) of Example 14, obtaining Film (XXV). Next, the dielectric constant (Dk) and the dissipation factor (Df) of Film (XXV) were measured at 10 GHz, and the results are shown in Table 5.
- Example 41 was performed in the same manner as Example 30 except that Copolymer (I) of Example 1 was replaced with Copolymer (XVII) of Example 15, obtaining Film (XXVI). Next, the dielectric constant (Dk) and the dissipation factor (Df) of Film (XXVI) were measured at 10 GHz, and the results are shown in Table 5.
- Example 42 was performed in the same manner as Example 30 except that Copolymer (I) of Example 1 was replaced with Copolymer (XVIII) of Example 16, obtaining Film (XXVII). Next, the dielectric constant (Dk) and the dissipation factor (Df) of Film (XXVII) were measured at 10 GHz, and the results are shown in Table 5.
- 1,3,5-tri-2-propenyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione (31 parts by weight), polyphenylene ether (PPE, manufactured and sold by SABIC with a trade No. of SA9000 (with a molecular weight of about 2,300) (46 parts by weight), polystyrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS, manufactured by Cray Valley with a trade No. of Ricon100) (with a molecular weight of about 4,500) (23 parts by weight) and a suitable quantity of initiator were added into a reaction bottle, and then dissolved in toluene. After mixing completely, a composition was obtained.
- PPE polyphenylene ether
- SBS polystyrene-butadiene-styrene
- Ricon100 polystyrene-butadiene-styrene
- a suitable quantity of initiator were added into a reaction bottle, and then
- the aforementioned composition was coated on a copper foil (manufactured and sold by Furukawa Circuit Foil Co., Ltd.).
- the copper foil coated with the composition was heated at 100° C. for a period of time.
- the above copper foil was then heated gradually and then the composition was subjected to a crosslinking reaction under a temperature less than 250° C. (in order to achieve the best crosslinking density), obtaining Film (XXVIII).
- the dielectric constant (Dk) and the dissipation factor (Df) of Film (XXVIII) were measured at 10 GHz, and the results are shown in Table 5.
- Copolymer (I) 70 parts by weight) of Example 1, polystyrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS, manufactured by Cray Valley with a trade No. of Ricon100) (with a molecular weight of about 4,500) (30 parts by weight) and a suitable quantity of initiator were added into a reaction bottle, and then dissolved in toluene. After mixing completely, a composition was obtained. Next, the aforementioned composition was coated on a copper foil (manufactured and sold by Furukawa Circuit Foil Co., Ltd.). Next, the copper foil coated with the composition was heated at 90° C. for a period of time.
- SBS polystyrene-butadiene-styrene
- Example 44 was performed in the same manner as Example 39 except that Copolymer (I) of Example 1 was replaced with Copolymer (VIII) of Example 8, obtaining Film (XXX). Next, the dielectric constant (Dk) and the dissipation factor (Df) of Film (XXX) were measured at 10 GHz, and the results are shown in Table 6.
- Copolymer (III) 31 parts by weight) of Example 3, polyphenylene ether (PPE, manufactured and sold by SABIC with a trade No. of SA9000 (with a molecular weight of about 2,300) (46 parts by weight), polybutadiene (PB, manufactured by Nippon Soda with a trade No. of B2000) (with a molecular weight of about 2,100) (23 parts by weight) and a suitable quantity of initiator were added into a reaction bottle, and then dissolved in toluene. After mixing completely, a composition was obtained. Next, the aforementioned composition was coated on a copper foil (manufactured and sold by Furukawa Circuit Foil Co., Ltd.).
- the copper foil coated with the composition was heated at 100° C. for a period of time.
- the above copper foil was then heated gradually and then the composition was subjected to a crosslinking reaction under a temperature less than 250° C. (in order to achieve the best crosslinking density), obtaining Film (XXXI).
- the dielectric constant (Dk) and the dissipation factor (Df) of Film (XXXI) were measured at 10 GHz, and the results are shown in Table 6.
- Copolymer (V) 38 parts by weight) of Example 5, polyphenylene ether (PPE, manufactured and sold by SABIC with a trade No. of SA9000 (with a molecular weight of about 2,300) (57 parts by weight), bismaleimide (manufactured and sold by Daiwa Kasei Kogyo Co. with a trade No. of BMI-5,100) (with a molecular weight of about 2,100) (5 parts by weight) and a suitable quantity of initiator were added into a reaction bottle, and then dissolved in toluene. After mixing completely, a composition was obtained. Next, the aforementioned composition was coated on a copper foil (manufactured and sold by Furukawa Circuit Foil Co., Ltd.).
- the copper foil coated with the composition was heated at 100° C. for a period of time.
- the above copper foil was then heated gradually and then the composition was subjected to a crosslinking reaction under a temperature less than 250° C. (in order to achieve the best crosslinking density), obtaining Film (XXXII).
- the dielectric constant (Dk) and the dissipation factor (DO of Film (XXXII) were measured at 10 GHz, and the results are shown in Table 6.
- Copolymer (III) (17 parts by weight) of Example 3, polyphenylene ether (PPE, manufactured and sold by Mitsubishi Gas Chemical with a trade No. of OPE-2st (with a molecular weight of about 2,200) (70 parts by weight), polystyrene-butadiene-styrene (manufactured and sold by Cray Valley. with a trade No. of Ricon100) (with a molecular weight of about 4,500) (13 parts by weight) and a suitable quantity of initiator were added into a reaction bottle, and then dissolved in toluene. After mixing completely, a composition was obtained. After stirring completely, a composition was obtained. Next, glass fiber (sold by Asahi Fiber Glass with a trade No.
- the composition includes an oligomer having a structure represented by Formula (I)
- the cured product exhibits a relatively low dielectric constant (less than or equal to 3.0 (at 10 GHz) and a relatively low dissipation factor (less than or equal to 0.0033 (at 10 GHz)), thereby serving as a good material for a high-frequency substrate.
- the composition of the disclosure can be crosslinked at a temperature less than 250° C., and the obtained oligomer exhibits superior crosslinking density.
- the oligomer can achieve optimal crosslinking density which is checked by means of the crosslinking exotherm determined by differential scanning calorimetry.
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Abstract
An oligomer, composition, and composite material employing the same are provided. The oligomer has a structure represented by Formula (I)
wherein R1 and R2 are independently hydrogen, C1-20 alkyl group, C2-20 alkenyl group, C6-12 aryl group, C6-12 alkylaryl group, C5-12 cycloalkyl group, C6-20 cycloalkylalkyl group, alkoxycarbonyl group, or alkylcarbonyloxy group; R1 is not hydrogen when R2 is hydrogen; a is 0 or 1; n≧0; m≧1; n:m is from 0:100 to 99:1; the oligomer has a number average molecular weight of less than or equal to 12,000; and the repeat unit
and the repeat unit
are arranged in a random or block fashion.
Description
- This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/340,686, filed on May 24, 2016, which is incorporated herein by reference.
- The disclosure relates to an oligomer, a composition and a composite material employing the same.
- The trend in electronic products has been toward smaller sizes, lighter weights, higher operating speeds, and higher-frequency transmission. Therefore, the distribution for printed circuit boards is toward high-density. In order to maintain the transmission rate and signal integrity, the ideal materials for use in printed circuit boards must have a low dielectric constant (dielectric constant, Dk) and a low dissipation factor (dissipation factor, Df).
- In general, conventional materials for printed circuit boards have a high dielectric constant (dielectric constant, Dk) and a high dissipation factor (dissipation factor, DO. Accordingly, a novel material for use in printed circuit boards is desired in order to improve performance and reduce Dk and Df without sacrificing thermal resistance and mechanical strength.
- According to embodiments of the disclosure, the disclosure provides an oligomer. The oligomer has a structure represented by Formula (I)
- wherein R1 and R2 are independently hydrogen, C1-20 alkyl group, C2-20 alkenyl group, C6-12 aryl group, C6-12 alkylaryl group, C5-12 cycloalkyl group, C6-20 cycloalkylalkyl group, alkoxycarbonyl group, or alkylcarbonyloxy group, R1 is not hydrogen when R2 is hydrogen; a is 0 or 1; n≧0; m≧1; n:m is from about 0:100 to 99:1; the oligomer number average molecular weight less than or equal to 12,000; and the repeat unit
- and the repeat unit
- are arranged in a random or block fashion.
- According to embodiments of the disclosure, the disclosure also provides a composition including about 1-99 parts by weight of the aforementioned oligomer; and about 1-99 parts by weight of resin.
- According to embodiments of the disclosure, the disclosure also provides a composite material including a cured product or a semi-cured product prepared from the aforementioned composition; and a substrate, wherein the cured product or the semi-cured product is disposed on the substrate or disposed within the substrate.
- A detailed description is given in the following embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings.
- Embodiments of the disclosure provide an oligomer, a composition, and a composite material employing the same. The oligomer of the disclosure can be prepared by copolymerizing a first monomer (such as vinyl norbornene) and a second monomer (such as norbornene) via ring-opening polymerization, and α-olefin can be introduced during copolymerization in order to control the molecular weight of the obtained copolymer (i.e. the obtained copolymer can have a number average molecular weight less than or equal to 12,000). As a result, due to the high solubility in organic solvent, the oligomer exhibits high processability. In addition, due to the low polarity and the crosslinkable functional groups of the chemical structure of the oligomer, the oligomer can enhance the mechanical strength of the substrate material when the oligomer is used as a reactant for preparing the substrate material. Embodiments of the disclosure also provide a composition including the aforementioned oligomer and a composite material (such as a prepreg) including a cured product or a semi-cured product prepared from the composition. The cured product of the composition of the disclosure exhibits a relatively low dielectric constant (Dk) (less than 3.0 (at 10 GHz)) and a relatively low dissipation factor (Df) (less than 0.0033 (at 10 GHz)), and can serve as a good material for the high-frequency substrate in order to improve the problem of insertion loss.
- According to embodiments of the disclosure, the oligomer has a structure represented by Formula (I)
- wherein R1 and R2 are independently hydrogen, C1-20 alkyl group, C2-20 alkenyl group, C6-12 aryl group, C6-12 alkylaryl group, C5-12 cycloalkyl group, C6-20 cycloalkylalkyl group, alkoxycarbonyl group, or alkylcarbonyloxy group, R1 is not hydrogen when R2 is hydrogen; a is 0 or 1; n≧0 (such as n≧1); m≧1; n:m is from about 0:100 to 99:1; the oligomer number average molecular weight less than or equal to 12,000; and the repeat unit
- and the repeat unit
- are arranged in a random or block fashion.
- According to embodiments of the disclosure, the alkyl group of the disclosure can be linear or branched alkyl group. For example, R1 and R2 can be independently a linear or branched alkyl group having 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, or 20 carbon atoms. According to embodiments of the disclosure, the alkenyl group of the disclosure can be linear or branched alkenyl group. For example, R1 and R2 can be independently a linear or branched alkenyl group having 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, or 20 carbon atoms.
- According to embodiments of the disclosure, R1 and R2 can be independently hydrogen, or
- wherein b can be 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, or 19; and R1 is not hydrogen when R2 is hydrogen.
- According to embodiments of the disclosure, the C6-12 aryl group of the disclosure can be phenyl group, biphenyl group, or naphthyl group.
- According to embodiments of the disclosure, R1 and R2 are independently hydrogen, or
- wherein c can be 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6; and R1 is not hydrogen when R2 is hydrogen.
- According to embodiments of the disclosure, R1 and R2 can be independently hydrogen, or
- wherein d can be 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6; and R1 is not hydrogen when R2 is hydrogen.
- According to embodiments of the disclosure, R1 and R2 can be independently hydrogen, or
- wherein e can be 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6; and R1 is not hydrogen when R2 is hydrogen.
- According to embodiments of the disclosure, R1 and R2 can be independently hydrogen, or
- wherein f can be 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6, R3 can be C1-6 alkyl group, R1 is not hydrogen when R2 is hydrogen. For example, R3 can be methyl group, ethyl group, propyl group, isopropyl group, butyl group, isobutyl group, tert-butyl group, pentyl group, or hexyl group.
- According to embodiments of the disclosure, R1 and R2 can be independently hydrogen, or
- wherein g can be 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6, R4 can be C1-6 alkyl group; and R1 is not hydrogen when R2 is hydrogen. For example, R4 can be methyl group, ethyl group, propyl group, isopropyl group, butyl group, isobutyl group, tert-butyl group, pentyl group, or hexyl group.
- According to embodiments of the disclosure, R1 and R2 can be independently hydrogen, or
- wherein h can be 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6; and R1 is not hydrogen when R2 is hydrogen.
- According to embodiments of the disclosure, R1 and R2 can be independently hydrogen, or
- wherein i can be 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6; and R1 is not hydrogen when R2 is hydrogen.
- According to embodiments of the disclosure, R1 and R2 can be independently hydrogen, or
- wherein j can be 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6; and R1 is not hydrogen when R2 is hydrogen.
- According to embodiments of the disclosure, the ratio of the repeat unit
- to the repeat unit
- (i.e. n:m) can be from about 0:100 to 99:1, such as from about 1:9 to 9:1, from about 2:8 to 8:2, from about 3:7 to 7:3, or from about 3:7 to 6:4. Due to the adjustment of the ratio between the two repeat units of the oligomer, the properties of the cured product prepared by crosslinking the oligomer and the resin can be modified. For example, when increasing the amount of the repeat unit
- the crosslinking density of the cured product can be increased.
- In embodiments of the disclosure, due to the introduction of the α-olefin when copolymerizing vinyl norbornene with norbornene, the molecular weight of the coploymer can be controlled. According to embodiments of the disclosure, the number average molecular weight of the oligomer can be less than 12,000, such as from about 800 to 12,000, from about 800 to 9,000, from about 800 to 8,000, from about 800 to 7,000, from about 800 to 6,000, or from about 800 to 5,000. As a result, the oligomer can have high solubility in organic solvent, thereby enhancing the processability of the oligomer. In addition, in comparison with the coploymer merely prepared from vinyl norbornene and norbornene, the oligomer of the disclosure exhibits superior storability.
- According to embodiments of the disclosure, the method for preparing the aforementioned oligomer can include mixing and reacting a first monomer, a second monomer, and α-olefin to obtain the oligomer.
- According to embodiments of the disclosure, the method for preparing the aforementioned oligomer can include mixing and reacting a metal catalyst, a first monomer, a second monomer, and α-olefin to obtain the oligomer.
- According to embodiments of the disclosure, the method for preparing the aforementioned oligomer can include mixing and reacting a photoredox initiator, a photoredox mediator, a first monomer, a second monomer, and α-olefin to obtain the oligomer. In particular, the photoredox initiator can be vinyl ether, 1-methoxy-4-phenyl butene, 2-cyclohexyl-1-methoxyethylene, or a combination thereof. The photoredox mediator can be pyrylium salt, acridinium salt, or a combination thereof.
- According to embodiments of the disclosure, the method for preparing the aforementioned oligomer can include mixing and reacting a first monomer, a second monomer, and α-olefin under electrochemical condition to obtain the oligomer.
- The metal catalyst can be Grubbs catalyst, such as first-generation Grubbs catalyst, second-generation Grubbs catalyst, Hoveyda-Grubbs catalyst, derivatives thereof, or a combination including at least one of the above catalysts. The first monomer can be
- wherein a is 0 or 1. For example, the first monomer is vinyl norbornene. The second monomer can be norbornene
- The α-olefin can be
- wherein R5 can be C1-20 alkyl group, C2-20 alkenyl group, C6-12 aryl group, C6-12 alkylaryl group, C5-12 cycloalkyl group, C6-20 cycloalkylalkyl group, alkoxycarbonyl group, or alkylcarbonyloxy group. for example, α-olefin can be
- wherein b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, R3, and R4 have the same definition as above. In the aforementioned methods for preparing the oligomer, the sequence in which components are added is not limited. For example, a metal catalyst can be dissolved in a solvent first, obtaining a metal-catalyst-containing solution. Next, a solution including the first monomer and α-olefin is mixed with the metal-catalyst-containing solution. Finally, the second monomer is added into the above mixture. According to embodiments of the disclosure, the molar ratio of the first monomer to the second monomer can be from about 100:0 (i.e. there is no the second monomer added) to 1:99, such as from about 9:1 to 1:9, from about 8:2 to 2:8, from about 3:7 to 7:3, or from about 3:7 to 6:4. In addition, the molar percentage of α-olefin can be from about 1 mol % to 85 mol %, such as about from 5 mol % to 75 mol %, or about from 10 mol % to 75 mol %, based on the total moles of the first monomer and the second monomer.
- In one embodiment, the amount of the α-olefin is inversely proportional to the molecular weight of the oligomer, so that the molecular weight of the oligomer can be controlled by means of the amount of α-olefin. When the molar percentage of α-olefin is too low, the oligomer would have relatively high molecular weight and exhibit poor processability and storability. Conversely, when the molar percentage of α-olefin is too high, the oligomer would have a relatively low molecular weight and the process for preparing the substrate is not easy to control.
- According to embodiments of the disclosure, the disclosure also provides a composition including the aforementioned oligomer, and one or at least one resin. The composition can include about 1-99 parts by weight of the oligomer, about 10-90 parts by weight of the oligomer, or about 20-80 parts by weight of the oligomer. Furthermore, the composition can include about 1-99 parts by weight of the resin, about 10-90 parts by weight of the resin, or about 20-80 parts by weight of the resin. The resin can be polyolefin resin (such as polybutadiene resin), polyalkenamer resin, cyclic olefin polymer resin, cycloolefin copolymer resin, epoxy resin, cyanate resin, phenol resin, novolac resin, polystyrene resin, styrene-butadiene copolymer resin (such as polystyrene-butadiene-styrene resin), polyamide resin, polyimide resin, maleimide resin, bismaleimide resin, polyphenylene ether resin, or a combination thereof. In addition, According to embodiments of the disclosure, the weight percentage of the oligomer can be from about 1 wt % to 99 wt %, from about 10 wt % to 90 wt %, or from about 20 wt % to 80 wt %, and the weight percentage of the resin can be from about 1 wt % to 99 wt %, from about 10 wt % to 90 wt %, or from about 20 wt % to 80 wt %, based on the total weight of the oligomer and resin.
- According to an embodiment of the disclosure, the disclosure also provides a composite material. The composite material can include a cured product or a semi-cured product of the composition, and a substrate. In particular, the cured product or semi-cured product is disposed on the substrate or within the substrate. According to an embodiment of the disclosure, the substrate can be a glass fiber, or a copper foil. For example, the composite material can include a prepreg, and the method for preparing the prepreg includes immersing a glass fiber (serving as the substrate) into the aforementioned composition. Next, the composition is subjected to a semi-curing process, obtaining the prepreg. In addition, the composite material can further include a copper foil, and the composite material can be a copper foil substrate, a printed circuit board, or an integrated circuit.
- The inventive concept of the disclosure may be embodied in various forms without being limited to the exemplary embodiments set forth herein.
- 0.045 g of 1,3-Bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-4,5-dihydroimidazol-2-ylidene[2-(i-propoxy)-5-(N,N-dimethylaminosulfonyl)phenyl]methyleneruthenium(II) dichloride (as metal catalyst) was added into a reaction bottle under nitrogen atmosphere, and then 10 ml of toluene was added into the reaction bottle, obtaining a metal-catalyst-containing solution. After the metal catalyst was dissolved in toluene completely, 0.604 mol of 1-hexene (as α-olefin), 73.6 g of vinyl norbornene, 128 ml of toluene, and the metal-catalyst-containing solution were added into another reaction bottle. After stirring completely, a norbornene-containing solution (57.7 g of norbornene (NB) dissolved in 50 ml of toluene) was added into the reaction bottle. Herein, α-olefin (1-hexene) had a molar percentage of 50 mol %, based on the total moles of vinyl norbornene and norbornene. After stopping the reaction, 63 ml of ethyl vinyl ether was added into the reaction bottle. After stirring overnight, the catalyst of the result was removed and then was purified by a reprecipitation with methanol. After concentration, Copolymer (I) was obtained, wherein the ratio of the repeat unit
- to the repeat unit
- of Copolymer (I) was about 1:1.
- Next, the number average molecular weight (Mn), the polydispersity index (PDI), the solubility (in toluene), and the temperature corresponding to a thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) weight loss of 5% of Copolymer (I) were determined, and the results are shown in Table 1.
- 0.045 g of 1,3-Bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-4,5-dihydroimidazol-2-ylidene[2-(i-propoxy)-5-(N,N-dimethylaminosulfonyl)phenyl]methyleneruthenium(II) dichloride (as metal catalyst) was added into a reaction bottle under nitrogen atmosphere, and then 10 ml of toluene was added into the reaction bottle, obtaining a metal-catalyst-containing solution. After the metal catalyst was dissolved in toluene completely, 0.362 mol of 1-hexene (α-olefin), 73.6 g of vinyl norbornene, 128 ml of toluene, and the metal-catalyst-containing solution were added into another reaction bottle. After stirring completely, a norbornene-containing solution (57.7 g of norbornene dissolved in 50 ml of toluene) was added into the reaction bottle. Herein, α-olefin (1-hexene) had a molar percentage of 30 mol %, based on the total moles of vinyl norbornene and norbornene. After stopping the reaction, 63 ml of ethyl vinyl ether was added into the reaction bottle. After stirring overnight, the catalyst of the result was removed and then was purified by a reprecipitation with methanol. After concentration, Copolymer (II) was obtained, wherein the ratio of the repeat unit
- to the repeat unit
- of Copolymer (II) was about 1:1
- Next, the number average molecular weight (Mn), the polydispersity index (PDI), the solubility (in toluene), and the temperature corresponding to a thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) weight loss of 5% of Copolymer (II) were determined, and the results are shown in Table 1.
- 0.09 g of 1,3-Bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-4,5-dihydroimidazol-2-ylidene[2-(i-propoxy)-5-(N,N-dimethylaminosulfonyl)phenyl]methyleneruthenium(II) dichloride (as metal catalyst) was added into a reaction bottle under nitrogen atmosphere, and then 15 ml of toluene was added into the reaction bottle, obtaining a metal-catalyst-containing solution. After the metal catalyst was dissolved in toluene completely, 0.483 mol of 1-hexene (α-olefin), 147 g of vinyl norbornene, 260 ml of toluene, and the metal-catalyst-containing solution were added into another reaction bottle. After stirring completely, a norbornene-containing solution (115 g of norbornene dissolved in 100 ml of toluene) was added into the reaction bottle. Herein, α-olefin (1-hexene) had a molar percentage of 20 mol %, based on the total moles of vinyl norbornene and norbornene. After stopping the reaction, 125 ml of ethyl vinyl ether was added into the reaction bottle. After stirring overnight, the catalyst of the result was removed and then was purified by a reprecipitation with methanol. After concentration, Copolymer (III) was obtained, wherein the ratio of the repeat unit
- to the repeat unit
- of Copolymer (III) was about 1:1
- Next, the number average molecular weight (Mn), the polydispersity index (PDI), the solubility (in toluene), and the temperature corresponding to a thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) weight loss of 5% of Copolymer (III) were determined, and the results are shown in Table 1.
- 0.045 g of 1,3-Bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-4,5-dihydroimidazol-2-ylidene[2-(i-propoxy)-5-(N,N-dimethylaminosulfonyl)phenyl]methyleneruthenium(II) dichloride (as metal catalyst) was added into a reaction bottle under nitrogen atmosphere, and then 10 ml of toluene was added into the reaction bottle, obtaining a metal-catalyst-containing solution. After the metal catalyst was dissolved in toluene completely, 0.362 mol of 1-hexene (α-olefin), 52.1 g of vinyl norbornene, 87 ml of toluene, and the metal-catalyst-containing solution were added into another reaction bottle. After stirring completely, a norbornene-containing solution (75 g of norbornene dissolved in 90 ml of toluene) was added into the reaction bottle. Herein, α-olefin (1-hexene) had a molar percentage of 20 mol %, based on the total moles of vinyl norbornene and norbornene. After stopping the reaction, 63 ml of ethyl vinyl ether was added into the reaction bottle. After stirring overnight, the catalyst of the result was removed and then was purified by a reprecipitation with methanol. After concentration, Copolymer (IV) was obtained, wherein the ratio of the repeat unit
- to the repeat unit
- of Copolymer (IV) was about 0.5:1.
- Next, the number average molecular weight (Mn), the polydispersity index (PDI), the solubility (in toluene), and the temperature corresponding to a thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) weight loss of 5% of Copolymer (IV) were determined, and the results are shown in Table 1.
- 0.054 g of 1,3-Bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-4,5-dihydroimidazol-2-ylidene[2-(i-propoxy)-5-(N,N-dimethylaminosulfonyl)phenyl]methyleneruthenium(II) dichloride (as metal catalyst) was added into a reaction bottle under nitrogen atmosphere, and then 15 ml of toluene was added into the reaction bottle, obtaining a metal-catalyst-containing solution. After the metal catalyst was dissolved in toluene completely, 0.145 mol of 1-hexene (α-olefin), 88.3 g of vinyl norbornene, 150 ml of toluene, and the metal-catalyst-containing solution were added into another reaction bottle. After stirring completely, a norbornene-containing solution (69.3 g of norbornene dissolved in 60 ml of toluene) was added into the reaction bottle. Herein, α-olefin (1-hexene) had a molar percentage of 10 mol %, based on the total moles of vinyl norbornene and norbornene. After stopping the reaction, 75 ml of ethyl vinyl ether was added into the reaction bottle. After stirring overnight, the catalyst of the result was removed and then was purified by a reprecipitation with methanol. After concentration, Copolymer (V) was obtained, wherein the ratio of the repeat unit
- to the repeat unit
- of Copolymer (V) was about 1:1
- Next, the number average molecular weight (Mn), the polydispersity index (PDI), the solubility (in toluene), and the temperature corresponding to a thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) weight loss of 5% of Copolymer (V) were determined, and the results are shown in Table 1.
- 0.018 g of 1,3-Bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-4,5-dihydroimidazol-2-ylidene[2-(i-propoxy)-5-(N,N-dimethylaminosulfonyl)phenyl]methyleneruthenium(II) dichloride (as metal catalyst) was added into a reaction bottle under nitrogen atmosphere, and then 10 ml of toluene was added into the reaction bottle, obtaining a metal-catalyst-containing solution. After the metal catalyst was dissolved in toluene completely, 0.0245 mol of 1-hexene (α-olefin), 29.4 g of vinyl norbornene, 45 ml of toluene, and the metal-catalyst-containing solution were added into another reaction bottle. After stirring completely, a norbornene-containing solution (23.06 g of norbornene dissolved in 20 ml of toluene) was added into the reaction bottle. Herein, α-olefin (1-hexene) had a molar percentage of 5 mol %, based on the total moles of vinyl norbornene and norbornene. After stopping the reaction, 25 ml of ethyl vinyl ether was added into the reaction bottle. After stirring overnight, the catalyst of the result was removed and then was purified by a reprecipitation with methanol. After concentration, Copolymer (VI) was obtained, wherein the ratio of the repeat unit
- to the repeat unit
- of Copolymer (VI) was about 1:1.
- Next, the number average molecular weight (Mn), the polydispersity index (PDI), the solubility (in toluene), and the temperature corresponding to a thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) weight loss of 5% of Copolymer (VI) were determined, and the results are shown in Table 1.
- 0.009 g of 1,3-Bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-4,5-dihydroimidazol-2-ylidene[2-(i-propoxy)-5-(N,N-dimethylaminosulfonyl)phenyl]methyleneruthenium(II) dichloride (as metal catalyst) was added into a reaction bottle under nitrogen atmosphere, 6 ml of toluene was added into the reaction bottle, obtaining a metal-catalyst-containing solution. After the metal catalyst was dissolved in toluene completely, 0.0073 mol of 1-hexene (α-olefin), 14.7 g of vinyl norbornene, 23 ml of toluene, and the metal-catalyst-containing solution were added into another reaction bottle. After stirring completely, a norbornene-containing solution (11.5 g of norbornene dissolved in 10 ml of toluene) was added into the reaction bottle. Herein, α-olefin (1-hexene) had a molar percentage of 3 mol %, based on the total moles of vinyl norbornene and norbornene. After stopping the reaction, 13 ml of ethyl vinyl ether was added into the reaction bottle. After stirring overnight, the catalyst of the result was removed and then was purified by a reprecipitation with methanol. After concentration, Copolymer (VII) was obtained, wherein the ratio of the repeat unit
- to the repeat unit
- of Copolymer (VII) was about 1:1.
- Next, the number average molecular weight (Mn), the polydispersity index (PDI), the solubility (in toluene), and the temperature corresponding to a thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) weight loss of 5% of Copolymer (VII) were determined, and the results are shown in Table 1.
- 0.054 g of 1,3-Bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-4,5-dihydroimidazol-2-ylidene[2-(i-propoxy)-5-(N,N-dimethylaminosulfonyl)phenyl]methyleneruthenium(II) dichloride (as metal catalyst) was added into a reaction bottle under nitrogen atmosphere, 30 ml of toluene was added into the reaction bottle, obtaining a metal-catalyst-containing solution. After the metal catalyst was dissolved in toluene completely, 0.725 mol of 1-hexene (α-olefin), 177 g of vinyl norbornene, 300 ml of toluene, and the metal-catalyst-containing solution were added into another reaction bottle. Herein, α-olefin (1-hexene) had a molar percentage of 50 mol %, based on the mole of vinyl norbornene. After stopping the reaction, 75 ml of ethyl vinyl ether was added into the reaction bottle. After stirring overnight, the catalyst of the result was removed and then was purified by a reprecipitation with methanol. After concentration, Copolymer (VIII) was obtained, wherein the only repeat unit of Copolymer (VIII) was
- Next, the number average molecular weight (Mn), the polydispersity index (PDI), the solubility (in toluene), and the temperature corresponding to a thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) weight loss of 5% of Copolymer (VIII) were determined, and the results are shown in Table 1.
- 0.0018 g of 1,3-Bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-4,5-dihydroimidazol-2-ylidene[2-(i-propoxy)-5-(N,N-dimethylaminosulfonyl)phenyl]methyleneruthenium(II) dichloride (as metal catalyst) was added into a reaction bottle under nitrogen atmosphere, 1 ml of toluene was added into the reaction bottle, obtaining a metal-catalyst-containing solution. After the metal catalyst was dissolved in toluene completely, 0.0005 mol of 1-hexene (α-olefin), 3 g of vinyl norbornene, 4.5 ml of toluene, and the metal-catalyst-containing solution were added into another reaction bottle. After stirring completely, a norbornene-containing solution (2.36 g of norbornene dissolved in 2 ml of toluene) was added into the reaction bottle. Herein, α-olefin (1-hexene) had a molar percentage of 1 mol %, based on the total moles of vinyl norbornene and norbornene. After stopping the reaction, 2.5 ml of ethyl vinyl ether was added into the reaction bottle. After stirring overnight, the catalyst of the result was removed and then was purified by a reprecipitation with methanol. After concentration, Copolymer (IX) was obtained, wherein the ratio of the repeat unit
- to the repeat unit
- of Copolymer (IX) was about 1:1.
- Next, the number average molecular weight (Mn), the polydispersity index (PDI), the solubility (in toluene), and the temperature corresponding to a thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) weight loss of 5% of Copolymer (IX) were determined, and the results are shown in Table 1.
- 0.018 g of 1,3-Bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-4,5-dihydroimidazol-2-ylidene[2-(i-propoxy)-5-(N,N-dimethylaminosulfonyl)phenyl]methyleneruthenium(II) dichloride (as metal catalyst) was added into a reaction bottle under nitrogen atmosphere, and then 10 ml of toluene was added into the reaction bottle, obtaining a metal-catalyst-containing solution. After the metal catalyst was dissolved in toluene completely, 0.245 mol of methylacrylate (α-olefin), 29.4 g of vinyl norbornene, 45 ml of toluene, and the metal-catalyst-containing solution were added into another reaction bottle. After stirring completely, a norbornene-containing solution (23.06 g of norbornene dissolved in 20 ml of toluene) was added into the reaction bottle. Herein, methylacrylate had a molar percentage of 50 mol %, based on the total moles of vinyl norbornene and norbornene. After stopping the reaction, 25 ml of ethyl vinyl ether was added into the reaction bottle. After stirring overnight, the catalyst of the result was removed and then was purified by a reprecipitation with methanol. After concentration, Copolymer (X) was obtained, wherein the ratio of the repeat unit
- to the repeat unit
- of Copolymer (X) was about 1:1.
- Next, the number average molecular weight (Mn), the polydispersity index (PDI), the solubility (in toluene), and the temperature corresponding to a thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) weight loss of 5% of Copolymer (X) were determined, and the results are shown in Table 1.
- 0.018 g of 1,3-Bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-4,5-dihydroimidazol-2-ylidene[2-(i-propoxy)-5-(N,N-dimethylaminosulfonyl)phenyl]methyleneruthenium(II) dichloride (as metal catalyst) was added into a reaction bottle under nitrogen atmosphere, and then 10 ml of toluene was added into the reaction bottle, obtaining a metal-catalyst-containing solution. After the metal catalyst was dissolved in toluene completely, 29.4 g of vinyl norbornene, 35 ml of toluene, and the metal-catalyst-containing solution were added into another reaction bottle. After stirring completely, a norbornene-containing solution (23.06 g of norbornene dissolved in 20 ml of toluene) was added into the reaction bottle. After stopping the reaction, 25 ml of ethyl vinyl ether was added into the reaction bottle. After stirring overnight, the catalyst of the result was removed and then was purified by a reprecipitation with methanol. After concentration, Copolymer (XI) was obtained, wherein the ratio of the repeat unit
- to the repeat unit
- of Copolymer (XI) was about 1:1
- Next, the number average molecular weight (Mn), the polydispersity index (PDI), the solubility (in toluene), and the temperature corresponding to a thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) weight loss of 5% of Copolymer (XI) were determined, and the results are shown in Table 1.
-
TABLE 1 Compar- Compar- ative ative Example Example Example Example Example Example Example Example Example Example Example 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 VNB(g) 73.6 73.6 147 52.1 88.3 29.4 14.7 177 3 29.4 29.4 NB(g) 57.7 57.7 115 75.0 69.3 23.06 11.5 0 2.36 23.06 23.06 α-olefin 1- 1- 1- 1- 1- 1- 1- 1- 1- methyl- — hexene hexene hexene hexene hexene hexene hexene hexene hexene acrylate α-olefin 50 30 20 20 10 5 3 50 1 50 0 (mol %) number 1,033 1,433 1,939 1,683 3,089 4,916 5,291 1,225 11,017 19,402 33,488 average molecular weight (Mn) Td5%(° C.) 166 254 338 295 430 208 400 167 205 421 411 solubility >70 >70 >70 >70 >60 >60 >40 >70 20 <10 <10 (wt %) - As shown in Table 1, with copolymerization of vinyl norbornene and norbornene, the number average molecular weight (Mn), the polydispersity index (PDI) of the obtained copolymer can be controlled by means of the addition of 1-hexene (α-olefin). Therefore, the obtained copolymer has a molecular weight less than or equal to 12,000, thereby increasing the solubility of the copolymer and promoting the subsequent process.
- 0.018 g of 1,3-Bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-4,5-dihydroimidazol-2-ylidene[2-(i-propoxy)-5-(N,N-dimethylaminosulfonyl)phenyl]methyleneruthenium(II) dichloride (as metal catalyst) was added into a reaction bottle under nitrogen atmosphere, and then 10 ml of toluene was added into the reaction bottle, obtaining a metal-catalyst-containing solution. After the metal catalyst was dissolved in toluene completely, 0.247 mol of 1-octadecene (α-olefin), 29.4 g of vinyl norbornene, 45 ml of toluene, and the metal-catalyst-containing solution were added into another reaction bottle, obtaining a metal-catalyst-containing solution. After stirring completely, a norbornene-containing solution (23.06 g of norbornene dissolved in 20 ml of toluene) was added into the reaction bottle. Herein, α-olefin (1-octadecene) had a molar percentage of 50 mol %, based on the total moles of vinyl norbornene and norbornene. After stopping the reaction, 25 ml of ethyl vinyl ether was added into the reaction bottle. After stirring overnight, the catalyst of the result was removed and then was purified by a reprecipitation with methanol. After concentration, Copolymer (XII) was obtained.
- Next, the number average molecular weight (Mn), the polydispersity index (PDI), the solubility (in toluene), and the temperature corresponding to a thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) weight loss of 5% of Copolymer (XII) were determined, and the results are shown in Table 2.
- Example 11 was performed in the same manner as Example 10 except that the amount of 1-octadecene was reduced from 0.247 mol to 0.049 mol, obtaining Copolymer (XIII). The number average molecular weight (Mn), the polydispersity index (PDI), the solubility (in toluene), and the temperature corresponding to a thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) weight loss of 5% of Copolymer (XIII) were determined, and the results are shown in Table 2.
- Example 12 was performed in the same manner as Example 10 except that the 1-octadecene was replaced with styrene, obtaining Copolymer (XIV). The number average molecular weight (Mn), the polydispersity index (PDI), the solubility (in toluene), and the temperature corresponding to a thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) weight loss of 5% of Copolymer (XIV) were determined, and the results are shown in Table 2.
- 0.006 g of 1,3-Bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-4,5-dihydroimidazol-2-ylidene[2-(i-propoxy)-5-(N,N-dimethylaminosulfonyl)phenyl]methyleneruthenium(II) dichloride (as metal catalyst) was added into a reaction bottle under nitrogen atmosphere, and then 4 ml of toluene was added into the reaction bottle, obtaining a metal-catalyst-containing solution. After the metal catalyst was dissolved in toluene completely, 0.008 mol of vinylcyclohexene (α-olefin), 9.8 g of vinyl norbornene, 15 ml of toluene, and the metal-catalyst-containing solution were added into another reaction bottle. After stirring completely, a norbornene-containing solution (7.69 g of norbornene dissolved in 7 ml of toluene) was added into the reaction bottle. Herein, α-olefin (vinylcyclohexene) had a molar percentage of 5 mol %, based on the total moles of vinyl norbornene and norbornene. After stopping the reaction, 8 ml of ethyl vinyl ether was added into the reaction bottle. After stirring overnight, the catalyst of the result was removed and then was purified by a reprecipitation with methanol. After concentration, Copolymer (XV) was obtained.
- Next, the number average molecular weight (Mn), the polydispersity index (PDI), the solubility (in toluene), and the temperature corresponding to a thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) weight loss of 5% of Copolymer (XV) were determined, and the results are shown in Table 2.
- 0.0018 g of 1,3-Bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-4,5-dihydroimidazol-2-ylidene[2-(i-propoxy)-5-(N,N-dimethylaminosulfonyl)phenyl]methyleneruthenium(II) dichloride (as metal catalyst) was added into a reaction bottle under nitrogen atmosphere, and then 0.5 ml of toluene was added into the reaction bottle, obtaining a metal-catalyst-containing solution. After the metal catalyst was dissolved in toluene completely, 0.043 mol of methylacrylate (α-olefin), 3 g of vinyl norbornene, 4.5 ml of toluene, and the metal-catalyst-containing solution were added into another reaction bottle. Herein, methylacrylate had a molar percentage of 85 mol %, based on the total moles of vinyl norbornene and norbornene. After stopping the reaction, 2.5 ml of ethyl vinyl ether was added into the reaction bottle. After stirring overnight, the catalyst of the result was removed and then was purified by a reprecipitation with methanol. After concentration, Copolymer (XVI) was obtained.
- Next, the number average molecular weight (Mn), the polydispersity index (PDI), the solubility (in toluene), and the temperature corresponding to a thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) weight loss of 5% of Copolymer (XVI) were determined, and the results are shown in Table 2.
- Example 15 was performed in the same manner as Example 10 except that the 1-octadecene was replaced with allyl acetate, obtaining Copolymer (XVII). The number average molecular weight (Mn), the polydispersity index (PDI), the solubility (in toluene), and the temperature corresponding to a thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) weight loss of 5% of Copolymer (XVII) were determined, and the results are shown in Table 2.
- Example 16 was performed in the same manner as Example 10 except that the 1-octadecene was replaced with 1,5-hexadiene, obtaining Copolymer (XVIII). The number average molecular weight (Mn), the polydispersity index (PDI), the solubility (in toluene), and the temperature corresponding to a thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) weight loss of 5% of Copolymer (XVIII) were determined, and the results are shown in Table 2.
-
TABLE 2 Example Example Example Example Example Example Example 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 VNB(g) 29.4 29.4 29.4 9.8 3 29.4 29.4 NB(g) 23.06 23.06 23.06 7.69 2.36 23.06 23.06 α-olefin 1- 1- styrene vinyl- methyl- allyl 1,5- octadecene octadecene cyclohexene acrylate acetate hexadiene α-olefin 50 10 50 5 85 50 50 (mol %) number 871 2,736 1,936 1,988 3,699 2,779 1,072 average molecular weight (Mn) Td5% (° C.) 152 118 290 126 378 320 214 solubility >70 >70 >70 >70 >50 >70 >70 (wt %) - As shown in Table 2, with copolymerization of vinyl norbornene and norbornene, the number average molecular weight (Mn), the polydispersity index (PDI) of the obtained copolymer can be controlled by means of the addition of α-olefin. As shown in Tables 1 and 2, when the α-olefin is methylacrylate, the suitable amount (mol %) of α-olefin is larger than about 70 mol %, such as larger than 80 mol %.
- Test of Storability
- The copolymers prepared from Examples 1-6 and 9-16 and Comparative Examples 1-2 were kept for one day (or two days), and then the solubility (in toluene) and viscosity of the copolymer were measured. The results are shown in Table 3.
-
TABLE 3 Example Example Example Example Example Example Example 1 2 3 5 6 9 10 solubility kept >70 >70 >70 >60 >60 20 >70 in toluene for one (wt %) day kept >70 >70 >70 >60 >60 >15 >70 for 2 days viscosity(cP) 100 534 11,260 376,200 2,754 solid 18 Example Example Example Example Comparative Comparative 11 12 15 16 Example 1 Example 2 solubility kept >70 >70 >70 >70 <10 <10 in toluene for one (wt %) day kept >70 >70 >70 >70 <1 insoluble for 2 days viscosity(cP) 2,869 11,260 52,140 78 solid solid - As shown in Table 3, the copolymers prepared from Examples (i.e. the oligomer of the disclosure) exhibit superior solubility after two days, since the molecular weight and polydispersity index of the copolymer can be controlled by means of the addition of α-olefin (the obtained copolymers have a molecular weight less than or equal to 12,000). Accordingly, the oligomer of the disclosure exhibits superior storability.
- Composition and properties measurement of cured product thereof
- Copolymer (I) (40 parts by weight) of Example 1, polyphenylene ether (PPE, manufactured and sold by SABIC with a trade No. of SA9000 (with a molecular weight of about 2,300) (60 parts by weight), and a suitable quantity of initiator were added into a reaction bottle, and then dissolved in toluene. After mixing completely, a composition was obtained. Next, the aforementioned composition was coated on a copper foil (manufactured and sold by Furukawa Circuit Foil Co., Ltd.). Next, the copper foil coated with the composition was heated at 100° C. for a period of time. Next, the above copper foil was then heated gradually and then the composition was subjected to a crosslinking reaction under a temperature less than 250° C. (in order to achieve the best crosslinking density), obtaining Film (I). Next, the dielectric constant (Dk) and the dissipation factor (Df) of Film (I) were measured at 10 GHz, and the results are shown in Table 4.
- Example 18 was performed in the same manner as Example 17 except that Copolymer (I) of Example 1 was replaced with Copolymer (III) of Example 3, obtaining Film (II). Next, the dielectric constant (Dk) and the dissipation factor (Df) of Film (II) were measured at 10 GHz, and the results are shown in Table 4.
- Example 19 was performed in the same manner as Example 17 except that Copolymer (I) of Example 1 was replaced with Copolymer (IV) of Example 4, obtaining Film (III). Next, the dielectric constant (Dk) and the dissipation factor (Df) of Film (III) were measured at 10 GHz, and the results are shown in Table 4.
- Example 20 was performed in the same manner as Example 17 except that Copolymer (I) of Example 1 was replaced with Copolymer (V) of Example 5, obtaining Film (IV). Next, the dielectric constant (Dk) and the dissipation factor (Df) of Film (IV) were measured at 10 GHz, and the results are shown in Table 4.
- Example 21 was performed in the same manner as Example 17 except that Copolymer (I) of Example 1 was replaced with Copolymer (VI) of Example 6, obtaining Film (V). Next, the dielectric constant (Dk) and the dissipation factor (Df) of Film (V) were measured at 10 GHz, and the results are shown in Table 4.
- Example 22 was performed in the same manner as Example 17 except that Copolymer (I) of Example 1 was replaced with Copolymer (VIII) of Example 8, obtaining Film (VI). Next, the dielectric constant (Dk) and the dissipation factor (Df) of Film (VI) were measured at 10 GHz, and the results are shown in Table 4.
- Example 23 was performed in the same manner as Example 17 except that Copolymer (I) of Example 1 was replaced with Copolymer (XII) of Example 10, obtaining Film (VII). Next, the dielectric constant (Dk) and the dissipation factor (Df) of Film (VII) were measured at 10 GHz, and the results are shown in Table 4.
- Example 24 was performed in the same manner as Example 17 except that Copolymer (I) of Example 1 was replaced with Copolymer (XIII) of Example 11, obtaining Film (VIII). Next, the dielectric constant (Dk) and the dissipation factor (DO of Film (VIII) were measured at 10 GHz, and the results are shown in Table 4.
- Example 25 was performed in the same manner as Example 17 except that Copolymer (I) of Example 1 was replaced with Copolymer (XIV) of Example 12, obtaining Film (XI). Next, the dielectric constant (Dk) and the dissipation factor (Df) of Film (XI) were measured at 10 GHz, and the results are shown in Table 4.
- Example 26 was performed in the same manner as Example 17 except that Copolymer (I) of Example 1 was replaced with Copolymer (XV) of Example 13, obtaining Film (X). Next, the dielectric constant (Dk) and the dissipation factor (Df) of Film (X) were measured at 10 GHz, and the results are shown in Table 4.
- Example 27 was performed in the same manner as Example 17 except that Copolymer (I) of Example 1 was replaced with Copolymer (XVI) of Example 14, obtaining Film (XI). Next, the dielectric constant (Dk) and the dissipation factor (Df) of Film (XI) were measured at 10 GHz, and the results are shown in Table 4.
- Example 28 was performed in the same manner as Example 17 except that Copolymer (I) of Example 1 was replaced with Copolymer (XVII) of Example 15, obtaining Film (XII). Next, the dielectric constant (Dk) and the dissipation factor (Df) of Film (XII) were measured at 10 GHz, and the results are shown in Table 4.
- Example 29 was performed in the same manner as Example 17 except that Copolymer (I) of Example 1 was replaced with Copolymer (XVIII) of Example 16, obtaining Film (XIII). Next, the dielectric constant (Dk) and the dissipation factor (DO of Film (XIII) were measured at 10 GHz, and the results are shown in Table 4.
- 1,3,5-tri-2-propenyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione (TAIL) (40 parts by weight), polyphenylene ether (PPE, manufactured and sold by SABIC with a trade No. of SA9000 (with a molecular weight of about 2,300) (60 parts by weight), and a suitable quantity of initiator were added into a reaction bottle, and then dissolved in toluene. After mixing completely, a composition was obtained. Next, the aforementioned composition was coated on a copper foil (manufactured and sold by Furukawa Circuit Foil Co., Ltd.). Next, the copper foil coated with the composition was heated at 100° C. for a period of time. Next, the above copper foil was then heated gradually and then the composition was subjected to a crosslinking reaction under a temperature less than 250° C. (in order to achieve the best crosslinking density), obtaining Film (XIV). Next, the dielectric constant (Dk) and the dissipation factor (Df) of Film (XIV) were measured at 10 GHz, and the results are shown in Table 4.
-
TABLE 4 dielectric dissipation constant factor Components of composition (10 GHz) (10 GHz) Example 17 40 wt % Copolymer (I) 60 wt % PPE 2.49 0.0019 Example 18 40 wt % Copolymer (III) 60 wt % PPE 2.39 0.0022 Example 19 40 wt % Copolymer (IV) 60 wt % PPE 2.46 0.0023 Example 20 40 wt % Copolymer (V) 60 wt % PPE 2.46 0.0022 Example 21 40 wt % Copolymer (VI) 60 wt % PPE 2.43 0.0023 Example 22 40 wt % Copolymer (VII) 60 wt % PPE 2.47 0.0028 Example 23 40 wt % Copolymer (XII) 60 wt % PPE 2.34 0.0016 Example 24 40 wt % Copolymer (XIII) 60 wt % PPE 2.44 0.0021 Example 25 40 wt % Copolymer (XIV) 60 wt % PPE 2.45 0.0018 Example 26 40 wt % Copolymer (XV) 60 wt % PPE 2.41 0.0028 Example 27 40 wt % Copolymer (XVI) 60 wt % PPE 2.45 0.0025 Example 28 40 wt % Copolymer (XVII) 60 wt % PPE 2.48 0.0030 Example 29 40 wt % Copolymer (XVIII) 60 wt % PPE 2.51 0.0018 Comparative 40 wt % TAIC 60 wt % PPE 2.66 0.0048 Example 3 - Copolymer (I) (31 parts by weight) of Example 1, polyphenylene ether (PPE, manufactured and sold by SABIC with a trade No. of SA9000 (with a molecular weight of about 2,300) (46 parts by weight), polystyrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS, manufactured by Cray Valley with a trade No. of Ricon100) (with a molecular weight of about 4,500) (23 parts by weight) and a suitable quantity of initiator were added into a reaction bottle, and then dissolved in toluene. After mixing completely, a composition was obtained. Next, the aforementioned composition was coated on a copper foil (manufactured and sold by Furukawa Circuit Foil Co., Ltd.). Next, the copper foil coated with the composition was heated at 100° C. for a period of time. Next, the above copper foil was then heated gradually and then the composition was subjected to a crosslinking reaction under a temperature less than 250° C. (in order to achieve the best crosslinking density), obtaining Film (XV). Next, the dielectric constant (Dk) and the dissipation factor (Df) of Film (XV) were measured at 10 GHz, and the results are shown in Table 5.
- Example 31 was performed in the same manner as Example 30 except that Copolymer (I) of Example 1 was replaced with Copolymer (III) of Example 3, obtaining Film (XVI). Next, the dielectric constant (Dk) and the dissipation factor (Df) of Film (XVI) were measured at 10 GHz, and the results are shown in Table 5.
- Example 32 was performed in the same manner as Example 30 except that Copolymer (I) of Example 1 was replaced with Copolymer (IV) of Example 4, obtaining Film (XVII). Next, the dielectric constant (Dk) and the dissipation factor (Df) of Film (XVII) were measured at 10 GHz, and the results are shown in Table 5.
- Example 33 was performed in the same manner as Example 30 except that Copolymer (I) of Example 1 was replaced with Copolymer (V) of Example 5, obtaining Film (XVIII). Next, the dielectric constant (Dk) and the dissipation factor (Df) of Film (XVIII) were measured at 10 GHz, and the results are shown in Table 5.
- Example 34 was performed in the same manner as Example 30 except that Copolymer (I) of Example 1 was replaced with Copolymer (VI) of Example 6, obtaining Film (XIX). Next, the dielectric constant (Dk) and the dissipation factor (Df) of Film (XIX) were measured at 10 GHz, and the results are shown in Table 5.
- Example 35 was performed in the same manner as Example 30 except that Copolymer (I) of Example 1 was replaced with Copolymer (VIII) of Example 8, obtaining Film (XX). Next, the dielectric constant (Dk) and the dissipation factor (Df) of Film (XX) were measured at 10 GHz, and the results are shown in Table 5.
- Example 36 was performed in the same manner as Example 30 except that Copolymer (I) of Example 1 was replaced with Copolymer (XII) of Example 10, obtaining Film (XXI). Next, the dielectric constant (Dk) and the dissipation factor (Df) of Film (XXI) were measured at 10 GHz, and the results are shown in Table 5.
- Example 37 was performed in the same manner as Example 30 except that Copolymer (I) of Example 1 was replaced with Copolymer (XIII) of Example 11, obtaining Film (XXII). Next, the dielectric constant (Dk) and the dissipation factor (Df) of Film (XXII) were measured at 10 GHz, and the results are shown in Table 5.
- Example 38 was performed in the same manner as Example 30 except that Copolymer (I) of Example 1 was replaced with Copolymer (XIV) of Example 12, obtaining Film (XXIII). Next, the dielectric constant (Dk) and the dissipation factor (Df) of Film (XXIII) were measured at 10 GHz, and the results are shown in Table 5.
- Example 39 was performed in the same manner as Example 30 except that Copolymer (I) of Example 1 was replaced with Copolymer (XV) of Example 13, obtaining Film (XXIV). Next, the dielectric constant (Dk) and the dissipation factor (Df) of Film (XXIV) were measured at 10 GHz, and the results are shown in Table 5.
- Example 40 was performed in the same manner as Example 30 except that Copolymer (I) of Example 1 was replaced with Copolymer (XVI) of Example 14, obtaining Film (XXV). Next, the dielectric constant (Dk) and the dissipation factor (Df) of Film (XXV) were measured at 10 GHz, and the results are shown in Table 5.
- Example 41 was performed in the same manner as Example 30 except that Copolymer (I) of Example 1 was replaced with Copolymer (XVII) of Example 15, obtaining Film (XXVI). Next, the dielectric constant (Dk) and the dissipation factor (Df) of Film (XXVI) were measured at 10 GHz, and the results are shown in Table 5.
- Example 42 was performed in the same manner as Example 30 except that Copolymer (I) of Example 1 was replaced with Copolymer (XVIII) of Example 16, obtaining Film (XXVII). Next, the dielectric constant (Dk) and the dissipation factor (Df) of Film (XXVII) were measured at 10 GHz, and the results are shown in Table 5.
- 1,3,5-tri-2-propenyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione (TAIL) (31 parts by weight), polyphenylene ether (PPE, manufactured and sold by SABIC with a trade No. of SA9000 (with a molecular weight of about 2,300) (46 parts by weight), polystyrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS, manufactured by Cray Valley with a trade No. of Ricon100) (with a molecular weight of about 4,500) (23 parts by weight) and a suitable quantity of initiator were added into a reaction bottle, and then dissolved in toluene. After mixing completely, a composition was obtained. Next, the aforementioned composition was coated on a copper foil (manufactured and sold by Furukawa Circuit Foil Co., Ltd.). Next, the copper foil coated with the composition was heated at 100° C. for a period of time. Next, the above copper foil was then heated gradually and then the composition was subjected to a crosslinking reaction under a temperature less than 250° C. (in order to achieve the best crosslinking density), obtaining Film (XXVIII). Next, the dielectric constant (Dk) and the dissipation factor (Df) of Film (XXVIII) were measured at 10 GHz, and the results are shown in Table 5.
-
TABLE 5 dielectric dissipation constant factor Components of composition (10 GHz) (10 GHz) Example 30 31 wt % Copolymer (I) 23 wt % SBS 46 wt % PPE 2.32 0.0012 Example 31 31 wt % Copolymer (III) 23 wt % SBS 46 wt % PPE 2.42 0.0016 Example 32 31 wt % Copolymer (IV) 23 wt % SBS 46 wt % PPE 2.41 0.0015 Example 33 31 wt % Copolymer (V) 23 wt % SBS 46 wt % PPE 2.39 0.0018 Example 34 31 wt % Copolymer (VI) 23 wt % SBS 46 wt % PPE 2.30 0.0015 Example 35 31 wt % Copolymer (VIII) 23 wt % SBS 46 wt % PPE 2.42 0.0025 Example 36 31 wt % Copolymer (XII) 23 wt % SBS 46 wt % PPE 2.34 0.0015 Example 37 31 wt % Copolymer (XIII) 23 wt % SBS 46 wt % PPE 2.38 0.0015 Example 38 31 wt % Copolymer (XIV) 23 wt % SBS 46 wt % PPE 2.37 0.0015 Example 39 31 wt % Copolymer (XV) 23 wt % SBS 46 wt % PPE 2.43 0.0022 Example 40 31 wt % Copolymer (XVI) 23 wt % SBS 46 wt % PPE 2.41 0.0021 Example 41 31 wt % Copolymer (XVII) 23 wt % SBS 46 wt % PPE 2.46 0.0023 Example 42 31 wt % Copolymer (XVIII) 23 wt % SBS 46 wt % PPE 2.47 0.0015 Comparative 31 wt % TAIC 23 wt % SBS 46 wt % PPE 2.61 0.0028 Example 4 - Copolymer (I) (70 parts by weight) of Example 1, polystyrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS, manufactured by Cray Valley with a trade No. of Ricon100) (with a molecular weight of about 4,500) (30 parts by weight) and a suitable quantity of initiator were added into a reaction bottle, and then dissolved in toluene. After mixing completely, a composition was obtained. Next, the aforementioned composition was coated on a copper foil (manufactured and sold by Furukawa Circuit Foil Co., Ltd.). Next, the copper foil coated with the composition was heated at 90° C. for a period of time. Next, the above copper foil was then heated gradually and then the composition was subjected to a crosslinking reaction under a temperature less than 250° C. (in order to achieve the best crosslinking density), obtaining Film (XXIX). Next, the dielectric constant (Dk) and the dissipation factor (Df) of Film (XXIX) were measured at 10 GHz, and the results are shown in Table 6.
- Example 44 was performed in the same manner as Example 39 except that Copolymer (I) of Example 1 was replaced with Copolymer (VIII) of Example 8, obtaining Film (XXX). Next, the dielectric constant (Dk) and the dissipation factor (Df) of Film (XXX) were measured at 10 GHz, and the results are shown in Table 6.
- Copolymer (III) (31 parts by weight) of Example 3, polyphenylene ether (PPE, manufactured and sold by SABIC with a trade No. of SA9000 (with a molecular weight of about 2,300) (46 parts by weight), polybutadiene (PB, manufactured by Nippon Soda with a trade No. of B2000) (with a molecular weight of about 2,100) (23 parts by weight) and a suitable quantity of initiator were added into a reaction bottle, and then dissolved in toluene. After mixing completely, a composition was obtained. Next, the aforementioned composition was coated on a copper foil (manufactured and sold by Furukawa Circuit Foil Co., Ltd.). Next, the copper foil coated with the composition was heated at 100° C. for a period of time. Next, the above copper foil was then heated gradually and then the composition was subjected to a crosslinking reaction under a temperature less than 250° C. (in order to achieve the best crosslinking density), obtaining Film (XXXI). Next, the dielectric constant (Dk) and the dissipation factor (Df) of Film (XXXI) were measured at 10 GHz, and the results are shown in Table 6.
- Copolymer (V) (38 parts by weight) of Example 5, polyphenylene ether (PPE, manufactured and sold by SABIC with a trade No. of SA9000 (with a molecular weight of about 2,300) (57 parts by weight), bismaleimide (manufactured and sold by Daiwa Kasei Kogyo Co. with a trade No. of BMI-5,100) (with a molecular weight of about 2,100) (5 parts by weight) and a suitable quantity of initiator were added into a reaction bottle, and then dissolved in toluene. After mixing completely, a composition was obtained. Next, the aforementioned composition was coated on a copper foil (manufactured and sold by Furukawa Circuit Foil Co., Ltd.). Next, the copper foil coated with the composition was heated at 100° C. for a period of time. Next, the above copper foil was then heated gradually and then the composition was subjected to a crosslinking reaction under a temperature less than 250° C. (in order to achieve the best crosslinking density), obtaining Film (XXXII). Next, the dielectric constant (Dk) and the dissipation factor (DO of Film (XXXII) were measured at 10 GHz, and the results are shown in Table 6.
-
TABLE 6 dielectric dissipation constant factor Components of composition (10 GHz) (10 GHz) Example 43 70 wt % Copolymer (I) 30 wt % SBS — 2.35 0.0021 Example 44 70 wt % Copolymer (VIII) 30 wt % SBS — 2.25 0.0030 Example 45 31 wt % Copolymer (III) 23 wt % PB 46 wt % PPE 2.35 0.0018 Example 46 38 wt % Copolymer (V) 5 wt % BMI 57 wt % PPE 2.48 0.0026 - Copolymer (III) (17 parts by weight) of Example 3, polyphenylene ether (PPE, manufactured and sold by Mitsubishi Gas Chemical with a trade No. of OPE-2st (with a molecular weight of about 2,200) (70 parts by weight), polystyrene-butadiene-styrene (manufactured and sold by Cray Valley. with a trade No. of Ricon100) (with a molecular weight of about 4,500) (13 parts by weight) and a suitable quantity of initiator were added into a reaction bottle, and then dissolved in toluene. After mixing completely, a composition was obtained. After stirring completely, a composition was obtained. Next, glass fiber (sold by Asahi Fiber Glass with a trade No. of L2116) was immersed in the aforementioned composition, wherein the impregnated amount was about 59%. After removing the glass fiber from the composition, the glass fiber was baked at 140° C. by hot air circulating oven to control the crosslinking degree of about 50%, obtaining a prepreg. Four prepregs were stacked, and a copper foil, a mirror plate, and a Kraft paper were disposed on the top surface and the bottom surface of the stacked structure. The obtained structure was heated to 210° C. gradually by vacuum molding machine for 3 hr, obtaining Copper foil substrate (I) with a thickness of 0.558 mm. Next, the dielectric constant (Dk) and the dissipation factor (Df) of Copper foil substrate (I) were measured at 10 GHz, and the results are shown in Table 7.
-
TABLE 7 dielectric dissipation constant factor Components of composition (10 GHz) (10 GHz) Example 47 17 wt % Copolymer (III) 70 wt % PPE 13 wt % SBS 2.96 0.0033 - As shown in Tables 4-7, since the composition includes an oligomer having a structure represented by Formula (I), the cured product exhibits a relatively low dielectric constant (less than or equal to 3.0 (at 10 GHz) and a relatively low dissipation factor (less than or equal to 0.0033 (at 10 GHz)), thereby serving as a good material for a high-frequency substrate. As shown in the above Examples, the composition of the disclosure can be crosslinked at a temperature less than 250° C., and the obtained oligomer exhibits superior crosslinking density. Furthermore, the oligomer can achieve optimal crosslinking density which is checked by means of the crosslinking exotherm determined by differential scanning calorimetry.
- It will be clear that various modifications and variations can be made to the disclosed methods and materials. It is intended that the specification and examples be considered as exemplary only, with the true scope of the disclosure being indicated by the following claims and their equivalents.
Claims (17)
1. An oligomer, having a structure represented by Formula (I)
wherein R1 and R2 are independently hydrogen, C1-20 alkyl group, C2-20 alkenyl group, C6-12 aryl group, C6-12 alkylaryl group, C5-12 cycloalkyl group, C6-20 cycloalkylalkyl group, alkoxycarbonyl group, or alkylcarbonyloxy group; R1 is not hydrogen when R2 is hydrogen; a is 0 or 1; n≧0; m≧1; n:m is from 0:100 to 99:1; the oligomer has a number average molecular weight of less than or equal to 12,000; and
the repeat unit
11. The oligomer as claimed in claim 1 , wherein n:m is from 1:9 to 9:1.
12. A composition, comprising:
1-99 parts by weight of the oligomer as claimed in claim 1 ; and
1-99 parts by weight of resin.
13. The composition as claimed in claim 12 , wherein the resin is polyolefin resin, epoxy resin, cyanate resin, phenol resin, novolac resin, polystyrene resin, styrene-butadiene copolymer resin, polyamide resin, polyimide resin, maleimide resin, bismaleimide resin, polyphenylene ether resin, or a combination thereof.
14. The composition as claimed in claim 13 , wherein the polyolefin resin is polybutadiene resin, polyalkenamer resin, cyclic olefin polymer resin, or cycloolefin copolymer resin.
15. A composite material, comprising:
a cured product or a semi-cured product prepared by the composition as claimed in claim 12 ; and
a substrate, wherein the cured product or the semi-cured product is disposed on the substrate or disposed within the substrate.
16. The composite material as claimed in claim 15 , wherein the substrate is glass fiber, or copper foil.
17. The composite material as claimed in claim 15 , wherein the composite material is a copper foil substrate, a printed circuit board, or an integrated circuit carrier.
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US15/394,457 US20170342199A1 (en) | 2016-05-24 | 2016-12-29 | Oligomer, composition and composite material employing the same |
US15/851,309 US10844164B2 (en) | 2016-05-24 | 2017-12-21 | Oligomer, composition and composite material employing the same |
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US201662340686P | 2016-05-24 | 2016-05-24 | |
US15/394,457 US20170342199A1 (en) | 2016-05-24 | 2016-12-29 | Oligomer, composition and composite material employing the same |
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US15/394,457 Abandoned US20170342199A1 (en) | 2016-05-24 | 2016-12-29 | Oligomer, composition and composite material employing the same |
US15/395,599 Active 2037-08-12 US10179833B2 (en) | 2016-05-24 | 2016-12-30 | Oligomer, composition and composite material employing the same |
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Cited By (3)
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US10844164B2 (en) | 2016-05-24 | 2020-11-24 | Industrial Technology Research Institute | Oligomer, composition and composite material employing the same |
CN113088060A (en) * | 2019-12-23 | 2021-07-09 | 台光电子材料(昆山)有限公司 | Resin composition and product prepared from same |
US11059938B2 (en) | 2018-10-05 | 2021-07-13 | Industrial Technology Research Institute | Film composition and a film prepared thereby |
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US11118082B2 (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2021-09-14 | Industrial Technology Research Institute | Composition, insulating material, and method for preparing an insulating material |
CN113444355B (en) * | 2020-03-24 | 2023-04-14 | 中山台光电子材料有限公司 | Resin composition and product thereof |
CN112608631B (en) * | 2020-12-22 | 2021-11-26 | 石狮市星盛五金制品有限公司 | Mobile phone key and processing technology thereof |
US11932714B2 (en) | 2021-07-22 | 2024-03-19 | Industrial Technology Research Institute | Copolymer, film composition and composite material employing the same |
TWI818811B (en) * | 2022-11-21 | 2023-10-11 | 南亞塑膠工業股份有限公司 | Resin composition |
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US5468819A (en) * | 1993-11-16 | 1995-11-21 | The B.F. Goodrich Company | Process for making polymers containing a norbornene repeating unit by addition polymerization using an organo (nickel or palladium) complex |
US6294616B1 (en) * | 1995-05-25 | 2001-09-25 | B. F. Goodrich Company | Blends and alloys of polycyclic polymers |
DE19619813A1 (en) | 1995-10-30 | 1997-11-20 | Hoechst Ag | Polymer foams |
US6492443B1 (en) | 1996-10-09 | 2002-12-10 | Nippon Zeon Co., Ltd. | Norbornene polymer composition |
JP3971476B2 (en) | 1996-11-29 | 2007-09-05 | 日本ゼオン株式会社 | Epoxy group-containing norbornene-based addition copolymer, process for producing the same, and crosslinkable polymer composition |
JP3978832B2 (en) | 1997-10-23 | 2007-09-19 | 日本ゼオン株式会社 | Circuit board adhesive |
AU2001279056A1 (en) * | 2000-07-28 | 2002-02-13 | Goodrich Corporation | Optical waveguides and methods for making the same |
US7148302B2 (en) | 2004-10-05 | 2006-12-12 | The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company | Catalyst for polymerization of norbornene |
US7122611B2 (en) | 2004-10-05 | 2006-10-17 | The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company | Catalyst for polymerization of norbornene |
US7291689B1 (en) | 2006-05-01 | 2007-11-06 | Seoul National University Industry Foundation | Thermally stable low dielectric norbornene polymers with improved solubility and adhesion property |
TW200804479A (en) | 2006-05-23 | 2008-01-16 | Zeon Corp | Oriented film of addition polymer of norbornene compound alone, process for producing the same and use thereof |
US8053531B2 (en) * | 2008-02-29 | 2011-11-08 | Zeon Corporation | Hydrogenated crystalline norbornene ring-opening polymer and molded article |
KR101046430B1 (en) | 2008-09-11 | 2011-07-05 | 삼성전기주식회사 | Norbornene-based polymers with low dielectric constant and low loss characteristics, insulating materials, printed circuit boards and functional devices using them |
CN103232562B (en) | 2013-04-08 | 2015-08-05 | 中山大学 | A kind of Cycloolefin addition polymerization catalyst system and application thereof |
JP2015100984A (en) | 2013-11-25 | 2015-06-04 | 日本ゼオン株式会社 | Laminate and polarizing plate |
-
2016
- 2016-12-29 TW TW105143833A patent/TW201741361A/en unknown
- 2016-12-29 US US15/394,457 patent/US20170342199A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2016-12-30 TW TW105144141A patent/TWI606076B/en active
- 2016-12-30 CN CN201611270235.8A patent/CN107417862B/en active Active
- 2016-12-30 US US15/395,599 patent/US10179833B2/en active Active
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Cited By (3)
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US10844164B2 (en) | 2016-05-24 | 2020-11-24 | Industrial Technology Research Institute | Oligomer, composition and composite material employing the same |
US11059938B2 (en) | 2018-10-05 | 2021-07-13 | Industrial Technology Research Institute | Film composition and a film prepared thereby |
CN113088060A (en) * | 2019-12-23 | 2021-07-09 | 台光电子材料(昆山)有限公司 | Resin composition and product prepared from same |
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TWI676641B (en) | 2019-11-11 |
US20170342200A1 (en) | 2017-11-30 |
US10179833B2 (en) | 2019-01-15 |
CN107417862A (en) | 2017-12-01 |
TW201741362A (en) | 2017-12-01 |
TWI606076B (en) | 2017-11-21 |
TW201823294A (en) | 2018-07-01 |
TW201741361A (en) | 2017-12-01 |
CN107417862B (en) | 2019-08-23 |
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