US20170283899A1 - Carburizing austempering process - Google Patents
Carburizing austempering process Download PDFInfo
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- US20170283899A1 US20170283899A1 US15/398,155 US201715398155A US2017283899A1 US 20170283899 A1 US20170283899 A1 US 20170283899A1 US 201715398155 A US201715398155 A US 201715398155A US 2017283899 A1 US2017283899 A1 US 2017283899A1
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- component
- heat treatment
- treatment process
- carburizing
- bath
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/32—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for gear wheels, worm wheels, or the like
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
- C21D1/19—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering by interrupted quenching
- C21D1/20—Isothermal quenching, e.g. bainitic hardening
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/56—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering characterised by the quenching agents
- C21D1/613—Gases; Liquefied or solidified normally gaseous material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/30—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for crankshafts; for camshafts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
- C23C8/08—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases only one element being applied
- C23C8/20—Carburising
- C23C8/22—Carburising of ferrous surfaces
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
- C23C8/28—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases more than one element being applied in one step
- C23C8/30—Carbo-nitriding
- C23C8/32—Carbo-nitriding of ferrous surfaces
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/80—After-treatment
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to a novel heat treatment process for medium carbon alloy steels and more particularly to a novel heat treatment process for medium carbon alloy steels comprehending carburizing, austempering and cooling steps.
- Post fabrication treatment of fabricated metal parts such as gears, shafts, sprockets, bearings and similar components is commonplace.
- the usual reason for such treatment is a desire or need to increase the strength and durability of the part and most processes involve heating the part, often in a controlled atmosphere, followed by controlled cooling.
- suitable steel alloys and numerous heat treating processes which may be combined to achieve improved hardness and durability of metal parts.
- the present invention comprehends a novel combination of heat treatment steps including the steps of carburizing a component fabricated of a medium carbon alloy steel at an elevated temperature for between three and six hours, subjecting the component to an austempering bath and holding it there for between fifteen and two hundred forty minutes (four hours) and finally cooling the component to room temperature to allow martensitic transformation. These steps may be followed with a cryogenic treatment to reduce retained austenite if needed.
- the process produces components with low distortion, high surface hardness, from HRC 56 to 62, and high surface compressive residual stress.
- FIG. 1 illustrates a plurality of exemplary mechanical components utilized in motor vehicle powertrain devices that may be treated by the carburizing and austempering process described herein;
- FIG. 2 is a flowchart setting forth in sequence the steps of the carburizing and austempering process according to the present invention.
- FIG. 1 several exemplary mechanical components typically utilized in motor vehicle powertrain devices that benefit from the carburizing and austempering process described herein are illustrated.
- a sliding camshaft 10 a spur gear 12 , a helical gear 14 , a helical face gear 16 , planetary gear carrier 18 , a splined shaft 20 , a chain sprocket 22 and a blocker ring 24 of a transmission synchronizer assembly which all may undergo the process described below and which will thus exhibit high surface hardness, low post fabrication distortion and surface compressive residual stress.
- this delineation of treated components is not, and is not intended to be, inclusive but merely exemplary as various and numerous other metal components can and will benefit from the carburizing and austempering process described herein.
- FIG. 2 a flowchart illustrating the plural steps of the present inventive method is generally designated by the reference number 30 .
- a particular steel alloy composition has been found to provide desirable final strength and hardness characteristics in components subjected to the carburizing and austempering process described herein.
- Such alloy composition has a carbon content of between about 0.20% to 0.60%, chromium content of between about 0.50% to 2.0%, manganese content of between 0.0% to about 3.5%, nickel content of between 0.0% to about 0.8%, vanadium and/or niobium content of between 0.0% to about 0.2%, molybdenum content of between 0.0% to about 0.1%, silicon, a maximum of about 0.1%, sulphur, a maximum of about 0.1% and phosphorus, a maximum of about 0.05%.
- SAE 4340 A commercially available, standard steel alloy essentially similar to this composition is SAE 4340.
- the component is subjected to a carburizing or carbonitriding process in an oven at a step 34 .
- the component is exposed to a carburizing temperature of between about 850° C. and 1200° C. for between about three and six hours.
- the purpose of this carburizing step 34 is to produce an exterior shell or layer of the component that is rich in carbon.
- the carbon potential near the surface of the component is preferably between about 0.7% and 1.2%.
- the carburizing step 34 also depresses the martensitic start temperature so that the following austempering step 36 can be carried out at the traditional temperature range.
- the carburizing step 34 may be accomplished by either a gas carburizing process, a low pressure carburizing process or a carbonitriding process.
- an austempering step 36 the component is cooled in an oil or salt bath at a temperature of between about 250° C. and 450° C. for between about fifteen minutes and two hundred forty minutes (four hours).
- the austempering step 34 produces bainite and retained austenite on and near the surface of the component.
- the austempering step 36 thus has two purposes and objectives: the first is to reduce distortion of the component and the second is to provide a final microstructure of bainite, martensite and retained austenitie on the surface of the component, with the martensitic interior as described above.
- a final necessary cooling step 38 the components are cooled to room (ambient) temperature by exposure to atmospheric air or other gasses or liquids.
- the retained austenite is partially transformed to martensite when cooling from the austempering temperature to room temperature in the cooling step 38 .
- a cryogenic treatment step 40 may be undertaken.
- the component is subjected to a cryogenic bath of, for example, liquid nitrogen at ⁇ 185° C., for a time sufficient to fully cool the component.
- the cryogenic treatment step 40 enhances surface hardness and transforms any untransformed, retained austenite into martensite.
- the process 30 concludes at an end or stop step 42 .
- the forgoing process steps when utilized on a metal component having an alloy composition substantially as stated above provide a surface hardness of HRC 58 minimum and a core hardness of HRC 45 minimum at the thickest wall locations.
- the surface hardness may be HRC 62.
- a component which has undergone the foregoing process exhibits low post fabrication distortion and high surface compressive residual stress.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Solid-Phase Diffusion Into Metallic Material Surfaces (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- This patent application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/314,521, filed Mar. 29, 2016, which is hereby incorporated in its entirety herein by reference.
- The present disclosure relates to a novel heat treatment process for medium carbon alloy steels and more particularly to a novel heat treatment process for medium carbon alloy steels comprehending carburizing, austempering and cooling steps.
- The statements in this section merely provide background information related to the present disclosure and may or may not constitute prior art.
- Post fabrication treatment of fabricated metal parts such as gears, shafts, sprockets, bearings and similar components is commonplace. The usual reason for such treatment is a desire or need to increase the strength and durability of the part and most processes involve heating the part, often in a controlled atmosphere, followed by controlled cooling. There are many suitable steel alloys and numerous heat treating processes which may be combined to achieve improved hardness and durability of metal parts.
- Unfortunately, there are as well many complications that arise both from alloy choice and heat treatment selection. For example, certain heat treatment processes are limited to certain alloys, that is, medium carbon steels may only be heat treated by certain processes and these limited processes may not achieve a desired final condition such as hardness. As another example, the distortion of a component during heat treating generally corresponds to the carbon content of the alloy. This consideration encourages the use of lower carbon steels which, however, may not be capable of achieving a final desired hardness. A further consideration relates to quenching speed. Rapid quenching, while desirable from hardness and microstructure standpoints, may result in both distortion of the component and the production of residual internal stress. Finally, if a portion of the heat treatment process achieves an austenitic to martensitic transformation, it may result in a change in size of the component.
- Obviously, the foregoing consequences of heat treatment are undesirable and present an engineering challenge of both maximizing the desirable metal and process characteristics while minimizing those undesirable characteristics for a certain component and application.
- The present invention comprehends a novel combination of heat treatment steps including the steps of carburizing a component fabricated of a medium carbon alloy steel at an elevated temperature for between three and six hours, subjecting the component to an austempering bath and holding it there for between fifteen and two hundred forty minutes (four hours) and finally cooling the component to room temperature to allow martensitic transformation. These steps may be followed with a cryogenic treatment to reduce retained austenite if needed. The process produces components with low distortion, high surface hardness, from HRC 56 to 62, and high surface compressive residual stress.
- Thus it is an aspect of the present invention to provide a method of heat treating metal components.
- It is a further aspect of the present to provide a method of heat treating metal components fabricated of a medium carbon alloy steel.
- It is a still further aspect of the present invention to provide a method of heat treating metal components including the step of carburizing the component.
- It is a still further aspect of the present invention to provide a method of heat treating metal components fabricated of a medium carbon alloy steel including the step of carburizing the component.
- It is a still further aspect of the present invention to provide a method of heat treating metal components including the step of subjecting the component to an austempering bath.
- It is a still further aspect of the present invention to provide a method of heat treating metal components fabricated of a medium carbon alloy steel including the step of subjecting the component to an austempering bath.
- It is a still further aspect of the present invention to provide a method of heat treating metal components including the step of cooling the component to room temperature to allow martensitic transformation.
- It is a still further aspect of the present invention to provide a method of heat treating metal components fabricated of a medium carbon alloy steel including the step of cooling the component to room temperature to allow martensitic transformation.
- It is a still further aspect of the present invention to provide a method of heat treating metal components including the optional step of cryogenically treating the component.
- It is a still further aspect of the present invention to provide a method of heat treating metal components fabricated of a medium carbon alloy steel including the optional step of cryogenically treating the component.
- Further aspects, advantages and areas of applicability will become apparent from the description provided herein. It should be understood that the description and specific examples are intended for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure.
- The drawings described herein are for illustration purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure in any way.
-
FIG. 1 illustrates a plurality of exemplary mechanical components utilized in motor vehicle powertrain devices that may be treated by the carburizing and austempering process described herein; and -
FIG. 2 is a flowchart setting forth in sequence the steps of the carburizing and austempering process according to the present invention. - The following description is merely exemplary in nature and is not intended to limit the present disclosure, application, or uses.
- Referring first to
FIG. 1 , several exemplary mechanical components typically utilized in motor vehicle powertrain devices that benefit from the carburizing and austempering process described herein are illustrated. For example, there is illustrated asliding camshaft 10, aspur gear 12, ahelical gear 14, ahelical face gear 16,planetary gear carrier 18, asplined shaft 20, achain sprocket 22 and ablocker ring 24 of a transmission synchronizer assembly which all may undergo the process described below and which will thus exhibit high surface hardness, low post fabrication distortion and surface compressive residual stress. It will be appreciated that this delineation of treated components is not, and is not intended to be, inclusive but merely exemplary as various and numerous other metal components can and will benefit from the carburizing and austempering process described herein. - With reference now to
FIG. 2 , a flowchart illustrating the plural steps of the present inventive method is generally designated by thereference number 30. At the outset, it should be appreciated that a particular steel alloy composition has been found to provide desirable final strength and hardness characteristics in components subjected to the carburizing and austempering process described herein. Such alloy composition has a carbon content of between about 0.20% to 0.60%, chromium content of between about 0.50% to 2.0%, manganese content of between 0.0% to about 3.5%, nickel content of between 0.0% to about 0.8%, vanadium and/or niobium content of between 0.0% to about 0.2%, molybdenum content of between 0.0% to about 0.1%, silicon, a maximum of about 0.1%, sulphur, a maximum of about 0.1% and phosphorus, a maximum of about 0.05%. A commercially available, standard steel alloy essentially similar to this composition is SAE 4340. - After the fabrication and final finishing, such as, for example, machining or grinding, of a component in a
step 32, the component is subjected to a carburizing or carbonitriding process in an oven at astep 34. Preferably, the component is exposed to a carburizing temperature of between about 850° C. and 1200° C. for between about three and six hours. The purpose of thiscarburizing step 34 is to produce an exterior shell or layer of the component that is rich in carbon. The carbon potential near the surface of the component is preferably between about 0.7% and 1.2%. Thecarburizing step 34 also depresses the martensitic start temperature so that the followingaustempering step 36 can be carried out at the traditional temperature range. Thecarburizing step 34 may be accomplished by either a gas carburizing process, a low pressure carburizing process or a carbonitriding process. - Next, in an
austempering step 36, the component is cooled in an oil or salt bath at a temperature of between about 250° C. and 450° C. for between about fifteen minutes and two hundred forty minutes (four hours). As noted above, because the increased carbon content on and near the surface of the component achieved in thestep 32 depresses the martensitic start temperature, theaustempering step 34 produces bainite and retained austenite on and near the surface of the component. Theaustempering step 36 thus has two purposes and objectives: the first is to reduce distortion of the component and the second is to provide a final microstructure of bainite, martensite and retained austenitie on the surface of the component, with the martensitic interior as described above. - In a final
necessary cooling step 38, the components are cooled to room (ambient) temperature by exposure to atmospheric air or other gasses or liquids. The retained austenite is partially transformed to martensite when cooling from the austempering temperature to room temperature in thecooling step 38. - In a final, optional step, that may or may not be necessary depending upon the final desired hardness and other aspects of the component such as dimensional requirements, a
cryogenic treatment step 40 may be undertaken. In thisstep 40, the component is subjected to a cryogenic bath of, for example, liquid nitrogen at −185° C., for a time sufficient to fully cool the component. Thecryogenic treatment step 40 enhances surface hardness and transforms any untransformed, retained austenite into martensite. Theprocess 30 concludes at an end or stopstep 42. - The forgoing process steps when utilized on a metal component having an alloy composition substantially as stated above provide a surface hardness of HRC 58 minimum and a core hardness of HRC 45 minimum at the thickest wall locations. Typically, the surface hardness may be HRC 62. In addition to such surface and core hardness, a component which has undergone the foregoing process exhibits low post fabrication distortion and high surface compressive residual stress.
- The description of the invention is merely exemplary in nature and variations that do not depart from the gist of the invention are intended to be within the scope of the invention. Such variations are not to be regarded as a departure from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (18)
Priority Applications (1)
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US15/398,155 US20170283899A1 (en) | 2016-03-29 | 2017-01-04 | Carburizing austempering process |
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US201662314521P | 2016-03-29 | 2016-03-29 | |
US15/398,155 US20170283899A1 (en) | 2016-03-29 | 2017-01-04 | Carburizing austempering process |
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US20170283899A1 true US20170283899A1 (en) | 2017-10-05 |
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US15/398,155 Abandoned US20170283899A1 (en) | 2016-03-29 | 2017-01-04 | Carburizing austempering process |
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Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN110129541A (en) * | 2019-04-12 | 2019-08-16 | 沈阳透平机械股份有限公司 | Ethylene compressor narrow path impeller heat treatment process |
CN111235358A (en) * | 2020-03-13 | 2020-06-05 | 西安煤矿机械有限公司 | Cold treatment process for carburized gear piece |
DE102019108366A1 (en) | 2019-04-01 | 2020-10-01 | Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG | Magnetostrictive machine element and process for its manufacture |
CN111941015A (en) * | 2020-08-24 | 2020-11-17 | 温州鹏升汽车部件有限公司 | Trimming-free production process for automobile hub bolt |
CN115087752A (en) * | 2020-02-07 | 2022-09-20 | 怡来汽车电子底盘系统有限公司 | Heat treatment method for tubular shaft of drive shaft having ball spline structure and tubular shaft manufactured thereby |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4470854A (en) * | 1981-10-01 | 1984-09-11 | Kabushiki Kaisha Komatsu Seisakusho | Surface hardening thermal treatment |
US6238087B1 (en) * | 1999-07-13 | 2001-05-29 | Caterpillar Inc. | Method and apparatus for characterizing a quench |
US20060207690A1 (en) * | 2005-03-21 | 2006-09-21 | Amsted | High strength steel and method of making same |
US20150159259A1 (en) * | 2010-07-21 | 2015-06-11 | Kenneth H. Moyer | Low Alloy Steel Carburization and Surface Microalloying Process |
-
2017
- 2017-01-04 US US15/398,155 patent/US20170283899A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4470854A (en) * | 1981-10-01 | 1984-09-11 | Kabushiki Kaisha Komatsu Seisakusho | Surface hardening thermal treatment |
US6238087B1 (en) * | 1999-07-13 | 2001-05-29 | Caterpillar Inc. | Method and apparatus for characterizing a quench |
US20060207690A1 (en) * | 2005-03-21 | 2006-09-21 | Amsted | High strength steel and method of making same |
US20150159259A1 (en) * | 2010-07-21 | 2015-06-11 | Kenneth H. Moyer | Low Alloy Steel Carburization and Surface Microalloying Process |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102019108366A1 (en) | 2019-04-01 | 2020-10-01 | Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG | Magnetostrictive machine element and process for its manufacture |
CN110129541A (en) * | 2019-04-12 | 2019-08-16 | 沈阳透平机械股份有限公司 | Ethylene compressor narrow path impeller heat treatment process |
CN115087752A (en) * | 2020-02-07 | 2022-09-20 | 怡来汽车电子底盘系统有限公司 | Heat treatment method for tubular shaft of drive shaft having ball spline structure and tubular shaft manufactured thereby |
CN111235358A (en) * | 2020-03-13 | 2020-06-05 | 西安煤矿机械有限公司 | Cold treatment process for carburized gear piece |
CN111941015A (en) * | 2020-08-24 | 2020-11-17 | 温州鹏升汽车部件有限公司 | Trimming-free production process for automobile hub bolt |
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