US20170226401A1 - Terpene-Based Spotting Fluid Compositions for Differential Sticking - Google Patents

Terpene-Based Spotting Fluid Compositions for Differential Sticking Download PDF

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US20170226401A1
US20170226401A1 US15/424,433 US201715424433A US2017226401A1 US 20170226401 A1 US20170226401 A1 US 20170226401A1 US 201715424433 A US201715424433 A US 201715424433A US 2017226401 A1 US2017226401 A1 US 2017226401A1
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terpene
spotting fluid
fluid composition
spotting
acid
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Matthew Gary Hilfiger
Carl Joseph Thaemlitz
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Saudi Arabian Oil Co
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Saudi Arabian Oil Co
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Priority to US15/424,433 priority Critical patent/US20170226401A1/en
Assigned to ARAMCO SERVICES COMPANY reassignment ARAMCO SERVICES COMPANY ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: HILFIGER, MATTHEW GARY, THAEMLITZ, CARL JOSEPH
Assigned to SAUDI ARABIAN OIL COMPANY reassignment SAUDI ARABIAN OIL COMPANY ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: ARAMCO SERVICES COMPANY
Publication of US20170226401A1 publication Critical patent/US20170226401A1/en
Priority to US17/375,845 priority patent/US11434408B2/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
    • C09K8/02—Well-drilling compositions
    • C09K8/32—Non-aqueous well-drilling compositions, e.g. oil-based
    • C09K8/36—Water-in-oil emulsions
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B31/00—Fishing for or freeing objects in boreholes or wells
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B36/00—Heating, cooling or insulating arrangements for boreholes or wells, e.g. for use in permafrost zones
    • E21B36/008—Heating, cooling or insulating arrangements for boreholes or wells, e.g. for use in permafrost zones using chemical heat generating means
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B37/00—Methods or apparatus for cleaning boreholes or wells
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K2208/00—Aspects relating to compositions of drilling or well treatment fluids
    • C09K2208/02—Spotting, i.e. using additives for releasing a stuck drill
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K2208/00—Aspects relating to compositions of drilling or well treatment fluids
    • C09K2208/34—Lubricant additives

Definitions

  • Embodiments of the disclosure generally relate to downhole treatment fluids and, more specifically, spotting fluids used to free differentially stuck pipe in a well.
  • Drilling and production systems are employed to access and extract hydrocarbons from hydrocarbon reservoirs in geologic formations.
  • pipe inserted into the well may become stuck such that the pipe is unable to be rotated or reciprocated.
  • Differentially stuck pipe such as a drill string or casing, occurs when a pressure differential across a permeable zone of the formation causes a vacuum seal which locks the drill string or casing in place.
  • lubrication fluids, dehydrating agents such as anhydrous glycols, and acids, either alone or in combination, may be used in an attempt to free the differentially stuck pipe.
  • dehydrating agents may be used to dehydrate the filter cake to assist in relive pressure and break the vacuum seal against the permeable zone of the formation.
  • Spotting fluids may be used to free differentially stuck pipe (for example, drill string or casing) in a well.
  • Pipe inserted in a wellbore may become sealed against a geologic formation due to the buildup of material (for example, a filter cake) around a portion of the pipe.
  • a spotting fluid is introduced to remove or reduce this seal and free the stuck pipe.
  • preparation and use of existing spotting fluids may be time-consuming and require hours of soak time to be effective.
  • Some spotting fluids may use corrosive fluids to reduce or remove the seal of the filter.
  • Embodiments of the disclosure generally relate to terpene-based spotting fluid compositions for freeing differentially stuck pipe in a well. More specifically, embodiments of the disclosure include a spotting fluid composition that includes a terpene and an acid (such as a sulfonic acid or a Lewis acid) and a spotting fluid composition that includes an invert emulsion having a terpene external phase and a non-miscible organic hygroscopic fluid internal phase.
  • an acid such as a sulfonic acid or a Lewis acid
  • a spotting fluid composition for freeing differentially stuck pipe includes an invert emulsion.
  • the invert emulsion has an external phase that includes a terpene and an internal phase that includes a hygroscopic fluid.
  • the terpene includes at least one of d-limonene, ⁇ -pinene, ⁇ -pinene, myrecene, geraniol, carvone, crysanthemic acid, farnesol, humulene, squalene, careen, camphene, ⁇ -terpinene, ⁇ -terpinene, and sabinene.
  • the terpene is selected from the group consisting of d-limonene, ⁇ -pinene, ⁇ -pinene, myrecene, geraniol, carvone, crysanthemic acid, farnesol, humulene, squalene, careen, camphene, ⁇ -terpinene, ⁇ -terpinene, and sabinene.
  • the hygroscopic fluid includes anhydrous glycol.
  • the terpene consists of d-limonene and the hygroscopic fluid consists of anhydrous glycol.
  • the invert emulsion consists of the external phase having the terpene and the internal phase having the hygroscopic fluid.
  • the external phase consists of the terpene and the internal phase consists of the hygroscopic fluid.
  • the terpene and hygroscopic fluid have a volumetric ratio in a range of 7:3 to 8:2.
  • the spotting fluid composition includes a viscosifier.
  • the spotting fluid composition includes an additive that acts as a wetting agent and an emulsifier.
  • a method of freeing a differentially stuck pipe in a well includes introducing a spotting fluid composition in the vicinity of a portion of differentially stuck pipe, such that the spotting fluid contacts a material surrounding the portion of differentially stuck pipe.
  • the spotting fluid composition includes an internal emulsion having an external phase that includes a terpene and an internal phase that includes a hygroscopic fluid.
  • the terpene may include at least one of d-limonene, ⁇ -pinene, ⁇ -pinene, myrecene, geraniol, carvone, crysanthemic acid, farnesol, humulene, squalene, careen, camphene, ⁇ -terpinene, ⁇ -terpinene, and sabinene.
  • the terpene is selected from the group consisting of d-limonene, ⁇ -pinene, ⁇ -pinene, myrecene, geraniol, carvone, crysanthemic acid, farnesol, humulene, squalene, careen, camphene, ⁇ -terpinene, ⁇ -terpinene, and sabinene.
  • the method further includes allowing the spotting fluid composition to interact with the material surrounding the portion of differentially stuck pipe over a time period.
  • the method also includes introducing a sulfonic acid in the vicinity of a portion of differentially stuck pipe such that the sulfonic acid contacts the spotting fluid composition and initiates a polymerization reaction of the terpene.
  • the polymerization reaction generates a temperature differential of up to 300° F.
  • the sulfonic acid includes dodecyibenzenesulfonic acid (DDBSA).
  • the method includes introducing a Lewis acid in the vicinity of a portion of differentially stuck pipe such that the Lewis acid contacts the spotting fluid composition and initiates a polymerization reaction of the terpene.
  • the hygroscopic fluid includes anhydrous glycol.
  • the external phase consists of a terpene and the internal phase consists of a hygroscopic fluid.
  • the invert emulsion consists of the external phase that includes the terpene and the internal phase that includes the hygroscopic fluid.
  • the terpene consists of d-limonene and the hygroscopic fluid consists of anhydrous glycol.
  • the spotting fluid composition includes a viscosifier.
  • the spotting fluid composition includes an additive that acts as a wetting agent and an emulsifier.
  • a method of forming a spotting fluid composition for freeing differentially stuck pipe includes providing an invert emulsion having an external phase that includes a terpene and an internal phase that includes a hygroscopic fluid.
  • the terpene may include at least one of: d-limonene, ⁇ -pinene, ⁇ -pinene, myrecene, geraniol, carvone, crysanthemic acid, farnesol, humulene, squalene, careen, camphene, ⁇ -terpinene, ⁇ -terpinene, and sabinene.
  • the terpene is selected from the group consisting of d-limonene, ⁇ -pinene, ⁇ -pinene, myrecene, geraniol, carvone, crysanthemic acid, farnesol, humulene, squalene, careen, camphene, ⁇ -terpinene, ⁇ -terpinene, and sabinene.
  • the hygroscopic fluid includes anhydrous glycol.
  • the terpene consists of d-limonene and the hygroscopic fluid consists of anhydrous glycol.
  • the invert emulsion includes the external phase that includes the terpene and the internal phase that includes the hygroscopic fluid. In some embodiments, the external phase consists of the terpene and the internal phase consists of the hygroscopic fluid. In some embodiments, the method includes adding a viscosifier to the invert emulsion. In some embodiments, the method includes adding an additive to the invert emulsion, the additive acting as a wetting agent and an emulsifier. In some embodiments, the method includes adding a lubricant to the invert emulsion.
  • FIG. 1 is a plot showing the temperature increase of an exothermic reaction between a terpene (d-limonene) and dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid (DDBSA) in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure; and
  • FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a process for freeing differentially stuck pipe using a terpene emulsion spotting fluid composition in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure.
  • the present disclosure includes compositions for use as spotting fluids and methods to free differentially stuck pipe in a well.
  • the spotting fluid compositions and methods described in this disclosure may free differentially stuck pipe by removing or reducing the seal against a formation by material (for example, a filter cake) around the differentially stuck pipe.
  • the spotting fluid compositions and methods may remove or reduce the seal using an exothermic polymerization reaction to generate heat.
  • the spotting fluid compositions and methods described in this disclosure may also lubricate the material around the differentially stuck pipe, dehydrate the material around the differentially stuck pipe, or both.
  • the present disclosure includes spotting fluid compositions having a terpene and an acid, and spotting fluid compositions having terpene invert emulsions.
  • terpene may include compounds described as “terpanoids.”
  • terpenoids that are suitable for use in the spotting fluid compositions described in this disclosure may be used based on suitable solvency and reactivity properties.
  • a terpene and acid spotting fluid composition may be used to free differentially stuck pipe by using the heat generated from the exothermic polymerization reaction of the terpene and the acid.
  • a terpene may be introduced downhole in the in the vicinity of a differentially stuck pipe. After the terpene is introduced downhole, an acid may be introduced downhole to initiate the exothermic polymerization reaction and generate heat to remove or reduce the seal of material around the differentially stuck pipe and free the pipe.
  • the terpene and acid may be mixed on the surface to form the spotting fluid composition before introduction downhole.
  • a terpene emulsion spotting fluid composition may be formed from an invert emulsion having a terpene external phase and a non-miscible organic hygroscopic fluid.
  • the terpene emulsion fluid composition may be introduced downhole in the in the vicinity of a differentially stuck pipe.
  • the terpene emulsion spotting fluid composition may be allowed to soak for a time period, such as to lubricate the material around the differentially stuck pipe, dehydrate the material around the differentially stuck pipe, or both.
  • an acid may be subsequently introduced downhole to initiate an exothermic polymerization reaction of the terpene and generate heat to remove or reduce the seal of material around the differentially stuck pipe.
  • Table 1 shows the formulation of the baseline mud used in the differential sticking testing:
  • Table 2 shows the formulation of a first spotting fluid composition (Spotting Fluid A) used in the differential sticking testing.
  • the first spotting fluid is formed from an invert emulsion having a terpene external phase and a non-miscible organic hygroscopic fluid internal phase.
  • the first spotting fluid includes EZ-Mul® wetting agent/emulsifier (that is, an additive that acts as both a wetting agent and an emulsifier) manufactured by Halliburton of Houston, Tex., USA, and VG-69® organophilic clay viscosifier manufactured by M-I Swaco of Pleasanton, Tex., USA:
  • Table 3 shows the formulation of a second spotting fluid composition (Spotting Fluid B) used in the differential sticking testing.
  • the second spotting fluid is formed from a terpene and a sulfonic acid:
  • Table 4 shows the formulation of a third spotting fluid composition (Spotting Fluid C) used in the differential sticking testing.
  • the third spotting fluid is formed from an invert emulsion having a terpene external phase and a non-miscible organic hygroscopic fluid internal phase.
  • the third spotting fluid includes Versawet® organic surfactant, Versacoat® organic surfactant, and Verasamul® multi-purpose emulsifier manufactured by manufactured by M-I Swaco of Pleasanton, Tex., USA and EstaDril 4000 manufactured by Croda International plc of Snaith, UK:
  • Table 5 shows the formulation of a fourth spotting fluid composition (Spotting Fluid D) used in the differential sticking testing.
  • the fourth spotting fluid is formed from an invert emulsion having a terpene external phase and a non-miscible organic hygroscopic fluid internal phase.
  • the fourth spotting fluid includes Versawet® organic surfactant, Versacoat® organic surfactant, and Verasamul® multi-purpose emulsifier manufactured by manufactured by M-I Swaco of Pleasanton, Tex., USA and EstaDril 4000 manufactured by Croda International plc of Snaith, UK:
  • Table 6 shows the formulation of a fifth spotting fluid composition (Spotting Fluid E) used in the differential sticking testing.
  • the fifth spotting fluid is formed from an emulsion having a terpene internal phase and water as the external phase.
  • the fifth spotting fluid includes Tween 80® and Span 85® manufactured by Croda International plc of Snaith, UK.
  • Spotting Fluid E was prepared by blending DDBSA in a mixer for 5 minutes before addition to the spotting fluid:
  • the baseline mud, Spotting Fluid A, Spotting Fluid B, Spotting Fluid C, Spotting Fluid D, and Spotting Fluid E were tested using the following differential sticking test procedure using a differential sticking tester (also referred to as a “stickometer”) having a filtration cell to enable deposition of a filter cake and a plate pressed under load onto the filter cake:
  • a differential sticking tester also referred to as a “stickometer” having a filtration cell to enable deposition of a filter cake and a plate pressed under load onto the filter cake:
  • an example terpene emulsion spotting fluid composition having a terpene external phase shows a 25% reduction in torque-to-free the test plate from the test filter cake after a 16 hour time period.
  • an example terpene and acid spotting fluid composition shows a 47% reduction in torque -to-free the test plate from the filter cake after a 30 minute time period and completely frees the test plate from the filter cake after a 9 hour time period.
  • another terpene emulsion spotting fluid composition having a terpene external phase shows a 21% reduction in torque-to-free after a 16 hour time period.
  • terpene emulsion spotting fluid composition having a terpene external phase shows a 97% reduction in torque-to-free after a 16 hour time period.
  • an example terpene emulsion spotting fluid composition having a terpene internal phase completely frees the test plate from the filter cake after a 16 hour time period.
  • a terpene-based spotting fluid composition may include a terpene and a sulfonic acid.
  • the terpene may include d-limonene, ⁇ -pinene, ⁇ -pinene, myrecene, geraniol, carvone, crysanthemic acid, farnesol, humulene, squalene, careen, camphene, ⁇ -terpinene, ⁇ -terpinene, and sabinene.
  • the sulfonic acid may include dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid (DDBSA), methanesulfonic acid (MsOH), benzene sulfonic acid, other suitable alkyl sulfonic acids, and other suitable alkaryl sulfonic acids.
  • the spotting fluid composition may be formed from d-limonene and DDBSA.
  • a heat generating spotting fluid composition may include a terpene and an inorganic acid such as sulfuric acid and nitric acid.
  • a terpene and acid spotting fluid composition may be formed by introducing (for example, pumping) the terpene base fluid downhole, such as in a pill, following by introducing (for example, pumping) a relatively thin spacer fluid downhole, then by introducing (for example, pumping) an organic acid downhole.
  • spacer fluid refers to a fluid which can be viscosified and weighted.
  • the spacer fluid may include water viscosified with clays, natural gums (such as guar or xanthan), and polymers (such as partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (PHPA)).
  • the spacer fluid may include organic based spacer fluids, such as viscosified diesel/mineral oil with oil based viscosifiers such as aluminum stearates, styrenic polymers (styrene acrylates, carboxylated styrene butadienes, styrene butadienes and the like).
  • the spacer fluid may include weighting agents such as calcium carbonate, barite, hematite, and other suitable weighting agents.
  • a terpene and acid spotting fluid composition may be formed on the surface before being introduced downhole, such as by mixing the terpene and the organic acid.
  • the terpene and organic acid initiates an exothermic polymerization reaction of the terpene to generate heat to free the differentially stuck pipe.
  • the exothermic reaction may reach up to 300° F. differential temperature generation.
  • differential temperature refers to a maximum temperature value minus a starting temperature value.
  • FIG. 1 is a plot 100 showing the temperature increase (line 102 ) of an exothermic reaction between a terpene (d-limonene) and DDBSA in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure.
  • the Y-axis 104 corresponds to the temperature of the d-limonene and DDBSA mixture and the X-axis 106 corresponds to the elapsed time.
  • d-limonene 50 milliliters (ml) of d-limonene was placed in a beaker having a magnetic stir bar for agitation set to 400 revolutions-per-minute (rpm) on a stir plate. The temperature increase was measured by taking temperature measurements over a time period of 0 to 3000 seconds. As shown in FIG. 1 , after 50 seconds for temperature stabilization, 4 ml of DDBSA was injected into the d-limonene at point 108 .
  • an initial exotherm occurred from 75° F. to 100° F.
  • a relatively fast exotherm and associated temperature increase occurred from 100° F. to 400° F., after which the mixture began to cool after polymerization of the d-limonene.
  • the cooling occurred over time to less than 100° F.
  • a terpene and acid spotting fluid composition may include a terpene base fluid and an initiator solution having a Lewis acid.
  • the terpene may include d-limonene, ⁇ -pinene, ⁇ -pinene, myrecene, geraniol, carvone, crysanthemic acid, farnesol, humulene, squalene, careen, camphene, ⁇ -terpinene, ⁇ -terpinene, and sabinene.
  • the Lewis acid may include titanium tetrachloride (TiCl 4 ), boron trifluoride (BF 3 ), tin tetrachloride (SnCl 4 ), and aluminum chloride (AlCl 3 ).
  • a terpene and acid spotting fluid composition may be formed by introducing (for example, pumping) the terpene base fluid downhole, such as in a pill, following by introducing (for example, pumping) a relatively thin spacer fluid downhole, then by introducing (for example, pumping) the initiator solution having the Lewis acid downhole.
  • the spacer fluid may include water viscosified with clays, natural gums (such as guar or xanthan), and polymers (such as partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (PHPA)).
  • the spacer fluid may include organic based spacer fluids, such as viscosified diesel/mineral oil with oil based viscosifiers such as aluminum stearates, styrenic polymers (styrene acrylates, carboxylated styrene butadienes, styrene butadienes and the like).
  • the spacer fluid may include weighting agents such as calcium carbonate, barite, hematite, and other suitable weighting agents.
  • the terpene and initiator solution having the Lewis acid may be formed on the surface before being introduced downhole.
  • the terpene and Lewis acid of the initiator solution initiates an exothermic polymerization reaction of the terpene to generate heat to free the differentially stuck pipe.
  • a spotting fluid composition may include an invert emulsion having a terpene as an external phase and a non-miscible organic hygroscopic fluid as a dehydrating internal phase.
  • the terpene external phase may include d-limonene, ⁇ -pinene, ⁇ -pinene, myrecene, geraniol, carvone, crysanthemic acid, farnesol, humulene, squalene, careen, camphene, ⁇ -terpinene, ⁇ -terpinene, and sabinene.
  • the non-miscible organic hygroscopic fluid may include anhydrous glycol (also referred to as “glycerine” or “glycerin”).
  • the spotting fluid composition may be an invert emulsion having d-limonene as the external phase and anhydrous glycol as the internal phase.
  • the internal phase may include a saturated brine (for example, saturated calcium chloride) or a combination of a saturated brine and a non-miscible organic hygroscopic fluid such as anhydrous glycol.
  • a spotting fluid composition may include an invert emulsion having a terpene as an external phase and a sodium chloride brine as an internal phase.
  • the spotting fluid composition of an invert emulsion having a terpene and a non-miscible organic hygroscopic fluid may be reacted with an organic acid or a Lewis acid downhole to generate heat to further assist in freeing differentially stuck pipe.
  • the heat generating spotting fluid composition of an invert emulsion having a terpene as an external phase and a non-miscible organic hygroscopic fluid as a dehydrating internal phase may be introduced (for example, pumped) downhole, followed by an organic acid or Lewis acid introduced (for example, pumped) downhole.
  • the heat generating spotting fluid composition and the organic acid or Lewis acid initiates an exothermic polymerization reaction of the terpene to release heat to free the differentially stuck pipe.
  • the exothermic polymerization reaction of the terpene of the spotting fluid composition may reach up to 300° F. differential temperature generation.
  • the invert emulsion of the spotting fluid composition may have terpene to non-miscible organic hygroscopic fluid volumetric ration of 7:3. In some embodiments, the invert emulsion of the spotting fluid composition may have a terpene to non-miscible organic hygroscopic fluid volumetric ration of 6:4. In some embodiments, the invert emulsion of the spotting fluid composition may have terpene to non-miscible organic hygroscopic fluid volumetric ratio of 8:2. In some embodiments, the invert emulsion of the spotting fluid composition may have terpene to non-miscible organic hygroscopic fluid volumetric ratio from about 7:3 to about 8:2.
  • a spotting fluid composition may include an emulsion having a terpene as an internal phase and water as an external phase.
  • the terpene internal phase may include d-limonene, ⁇ -pinene, ⁇ -pinene, myrecene, geraniol, carvone, crysanthemic acid, farnesol, humulene, squalene, careen, camphene, ⁇ -terpinene, ⁇ -terpinene, and sabinene.
  • the spotting fluid composition may be an emulsion having d-limonene as the internal phase and water as the external phase.
  • a terpene emulsion spotting fluid composition may include a wetting agent/emulsifier and a viscosifier.
  • the wetting agent/emulsifier may include fatty acids, modified fatty acids, fatty amide condensates, imidazolines, ethoxylated sorbitan, and other suitable wetting agents/emulsifiers.
  • the viscosifier may include aluminum soaps, styrene butadiene latexes, styrene butadiene resins, carboxylated styrene butadienes, styrene acrylates, and other suitable viscosifiers.
  • a terpene emulsion spotting fluid composition may include a wetting agent/emulsifier additive and a clay additive.
  • a terpene emulsion spotting fluid composition may be formed from an invert emulsion having a terpene as an external phase and a non-miscible organic hygroscopic fluid as an internal phase, a wetting agent/emulsifier, and a clay.
  • a spotting fluid composition may be formed from an invert emulsion having d-limonene as an external phase and anhydrous glycol as an internal phase, a wetting agent/emulsifier and a viscosifier
  • the terpene emulsion spotting fluid composition may include a lubricant.
  • the lubricant may include glycerol esters, polyalphaolefins, phosphate esters, and other suitable lubricants.
  • the terpene emulsion spotting fluid composition may include lime (calcium hydroxide).
  • FIG. 2 depicts a process 200 for using a terpene emulsion spotting fluid composition in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure.
  • a spotting fluid composition having an invert emulsion of a terpene and a non-miscible organic hygroscopic fluid may be introduced (for example, by pumped downhole) in the vicinity of a differentially stuck pipe (block 202 ).
  • the spotting fluid composition may be allowed to soak for a time period (block 204 ).
  • the spotting fluid composition may interact with the material (for example, filter cake) surrounding the stuck pipe.
  • the spotting fluid composition may free the differentially stuck pipe after a soaking time period without the use of heat generated from an exothermic reaction.
  • the process 200 may not include the addition of an organic acid or a Lewis acid as further described.
  • an organic acid or a Lewis acid may be introduced (for example, pumped) downhole in the vicinity of a differentially stuck pipe (block 206 ).
  • a reaction between the terpene and the organic acid or Lewis acid produces heat to remove or reduce the seal of the material around the differentially stuck pipe (block 208 ).
  • the freed pipe may then be moved, such as by removing the freed pipe from the wellbore (block 210 ).
  • the spotting fluid compositions described in the disclosure may be used as fluid pills.
  • the spotting fluid compositions may include other monomers subject to exothermic polymerization reactions, such as acrylates, acrylamides, styrene, and other suitable monomers with initiators such as acid, caustic, and radical generation azo compounds and peroxides.
  • Ranges may be expressed in the disclosure as from about one particular value, to about another particular value, or both. When such a range is expressed, it is to be understood that another embodiment is from the one particular value, to the other particular value, or both, along with all combinations within said range.

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US20210340425A1 (en) 2021-11-04
US11434408B2 (en) 2022-09-06
EP3411453A1 (fr) 2018-12-12

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