US20170175497A1 - Perforating gun system with fluid bypass - Google Patents
Perforating gun system with fluid bypass Download PDFInfo
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- US20170175497A1 US20170175497A1 US15/301,586 US201515301586A US2017175497A1 US 20170175497 A1 US20170175497 A1 US 20170175497A1 US 201515301586 A US201515301586 A US 201515301586A US 2017175497 A1 US2017175497 A1 US 2017175497A1
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- fluid
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- flow sub
- flow
- perforating
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- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 99
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000005474 detonation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000004936 stimulating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000638 stimulation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011499 joint compound Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
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- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000010408 sweeping Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/11—Perforators; Permeators
- E21B43/119—Details, e.g. for locating perforating place or direction
- E21B43/1195—Replacement of drilling mud; decrease of undesirable shock waves
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/11—Perforators; Permeators
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/11—Perforators; Permeators
- E21B43/116—Gun or shaped-charge perforators
- E21B43/1185—Ignition systems
- E21B43/11852—Ignition systems hydraulically actuated
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/11—Perforators; Permeators
- E21B43/119—Details, e.g. for locating perforating place or direction
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/11—Perforators; Permeators
- E21B43/116—Gun or shaped-charge perforators
Definitions
- casing string After drilling the various sections of a wellbore through a subterranean formation, individual lengths of relatively large diameter metal tubulars are typically secured together to form a casing string that is positioned within the wellbore.
- the casing string increases the integrity of the wellbore and provides a path for communicating fluids from the producing intervals of the subterranean formation to the surface.
- the casing string is cemented within the wellbore.
- hydraulic openings or perforations must be made through the casing string and the cement and extend into the formation.
- these perforations are created by detonating a series of shaped charges disposed within the casing string, adjacent to the producing interval of the formation.
- one or more perforating guns are loaded with shaped charges connected to a detonator via a detonating cord.
- the perforating guns are lowered into the cased wellbore at the end of a tubing string, wireline, slick line, coil tubing or other conveyance. Once the perforating guns are properly positioned in the wellbore such that the shaped charges are adjacent to the producing interval of the formation, the shaped charges may be detonated, thereby creating the desired hydraulic openings.
- detonation may cause fluids or particles located within the wellbore prior to detonation to be forced into the formation. In some cases, this may lead to unintentional damage to the formation and impaired hydrocarbon production.
- the section of the wellbore adjacent to the formation may be prepared for perforation by circulating various fluids through the wellbore.
- a formation-compatible fluid may be pumped into the wellbore to displace fluids or particles from earlier drilling operations. Displacement is typically accomplished by pumping a formation-compatible fluid into the wellbore downhole of the location to be perforated. As the formation-compatible fluid is pumped into the wellbore, it forces fluid and particles in the wellbore uphole, sweeping out any unwanted fluid or debris in the wellbore prior to pumping.
- a treating fluid such as an acid
- a treating fluid may be circulated through the wellbore prior to perforation.
- this process involves pumping the treating fluid into the wellbore, allowing it to “soak” and dissolve material within the wellbore, and then pumping the treating fluid and dissolved material to the surface.
- Treating fluids may also be used after perforation to dissolve debris created by perforation or to stimulate production by increasing the permeability of the formation.
- Preparation of the perforating environment through displacement or other treatment generally improves the predictability of perforating operations and protects the formation from unintended damage during perforation.
- treatment after perforation can also improve overall productivity of a well.
- preparation and treatment often carries additional costs and risks to the wellbore because preparation and treatment often require extra tubing runs or drilling in addition to the perforating process. Therefore, a need exists for an apparatus and method for preparing a perforating environment or stimulating a formation after perforation that avoids unnecessary pipe runs or drilling.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic of a perforating gun system with a fluid bypass according to aspects of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic of the perforating gun system of FIG. 1 indicating the flow path of a fluid through the perforating gun system.
- the present disclosure relates generally to downhole drilling operations and work overs. More particularly, the disclosure relates to a perforating gun system with a fluid bypass for circulating fluids through a wellbore.
- Embodiments of the present disclosure may be applicable to horizontal, vertical, deviated, or otherwise nonlinear wellbores in any type of subterranean formation. Embodiments may be applicable to injection wells as well as production wells, including hydrocarbon wells.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a perforating gun system according to one embodiment.
- the perforating gun system 100 is shown in a section of a wellbore 101 in which casing 102 has been cemented in place. Specifically, the perforating gun system 100 is shown in a position within the wellbore 101 corresponding to a zone of a formation to be perforated.
- the perforating gun system 100 is installed on the distal end of a section of hollow tubing 104 with a coupler 106 . Downhole from the coupler 106 is an uphole flow sub 108 , a series of perforating guns 110 A-C, and a downhole flow sub 111 . A pair of fluid bypasses 112 A-B connect the uphole flow sub 108 and the downhole flow sub 111 .
- the perforating gun system 100 is inserted into the wellbore 101 and positioned in a zone to be perforated. Perforation is typically accomplished by detonating a series of shaped charges (not depicted) within the perforating guns 110 A-C. Ports on the guns 110 A-C, such as port 113 , direct the energy of the detonated charges into the formation, perforating the casing, the cement, and a portion of the zone to be perforated thereby creating hydraulic openings for fluid to communicate between the wellbore and the formation.
- detonation of the charges may force fluids, such as drilling mud, brine, cement, or other fluids used in drilling and completion operations, from within the wellbore into the surrounding formation. This may lead to unintended damage to the formation and negatively affect hydrocarbon production.
- the wellbore section adjacent to the zone to be perforated be prepared for perforation by circulating a formation-compatible fluid through the wellbore, displacing any other fluids or debris that may be present, or by circulating a treating fluid for dissolving and removing debris or other potentially harmful material.
- circulation is achieved by pumping a fluid through tubing 104 into the uphole flow sub 108 .
- the fluid is diverted through the fluid bypasses 112 A-B and into the downhole flow sub 111 .
- the fluid then exits the downhole flow sub 111 via one or more fluid outlets 114 , and enters the wellbore 101 below the zone to be perforated.
- the fluid In displacement applications, as fluid is pumped into the wellbore 101 , the fluid travels up the wellbore between the perforating gun system 100 and the casing 102 , displacing any other fluid within the zone to be perforated. In applications where the fluid is intended to dissolve material within the wellbore, the fluid is pumped into the wellbore, left to dissolve material within the wellbore, and then pumped out of the wellbore along with the entrained dissolved material. Following a displacement or dissolution operation, perforation may be performed.
- Treating or stimulation fluid may also be circulated through the wellbore via the perforating gun system after perforation has occurred. Because hydraulic openings now exists between the wellbore and the formation, the treating or stimulation fluid may enter the formation and may be used to dissolve debris or formation damage created during perforation or to stimulate production by increasing the permeability of the formation
- fluid bypasses 112 A-B are depicted in FIGS. 1 and 2 as a pair of tubes running along the outside of the guns 110 A-C, other embodiments may include other arrangements and configurations of fluid bypasses.
- embodiments may include any number of bypasses, one or more of which may run along any suitable path between the first flow sub 108 and the second flow sub 111 , including through the perforating guns.
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- After drilling the various sections of a wellbore through a subterranean formation, individual lengths of relatively large diameter metal tubulars are typically secured together to form a casing string that is positioned within the wellbore. The casing string increases the integrity of the wellbore and provides a path for communicating fluids from the producing intervals of the subterranean formation to the surface. Conventionally, the casing string is cemented within the wellbore.
- For the wellbore to produce, hydraulic openings or perforations must be made through the casing string and the cement and extend into the formation. Typically, these perforations are created by detonating a series of shaped charges disposed within the casing string, adjacent to the producing interval of the formation. Specifically, one or more perforating guns are loaded with shaped charges connected to a detonator via a detonating cord. The perforating guns are lowered into the cased wellbore at the end of a tubing string, wireline, slick line, coil tubing or other conveyance. Once the perforating guns are properly positioned in the wellbore such that the shaped charges are adjacent to the producing interval of the formation, the shaped charges may be detonated, thereby creating the desired hydraulic openings.
- In addition to creating hydraulic openings, detonation may cause fluids or particles located within the wellbore prior to detonation to be forced into the formation. In some cases, this may lead to unintentional damage to the formation and impaired hydrocarbon production.
- To avoid this unintended damage, the section of the wellbore adjacent to the formation may be prepared for perforation by circulating various fluids through the wellbore. For example, a formation-compatible fluid may be pumped into the wellbore to displace fluids or particles from earlier drilling operations. Displacement is typically accomplished by pumping a formation-compatible fluid into the wellbore downhole of the location to be perforated. As the formation-compatible fluid is pumped into the wellbore, it forces fluid and particles in the wellbore uphole, sweeping out any unwanted fluid or debris in the wellbore prior to pumping.
- Alternatively, a treating fluid, such as an acid, may be circulated through the wellbore prior to perforation. Generally, this process involves pumping the treating fluid into the wellbore, allowing it to “soak” and dissolve material within the wellbore, and then pumping the treating fluid and dissolved material to the surface. Treating fluids may also be used after perforation to dissolve debris created by perforation or to stimulate production by increasing the permeability of the formation.
- Preparation of the perforating environment through displacement or other treatment generally improves the predictability of perforating operations and protects the formation from unintended damage during perforation. Similarly, treatment after perforation can also improve overall productivity of a well. However, such preparation and treatment often carries additional costs and risks to the wellbore because preparation and treatment often require extra tubing runs or drilling in addition to the perforating process. Therefore, a need exists for an apparatus and method for preparing a perforating environment or stimulating a formation after perforation that avoids unnecessary pipe runs or drilling.
- A more complete understanding of the present embodiments and advantages thereof may be acquired by referring to the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which like reference numbers indicate like features.
-
FIG. 1 is a schematic of a perforating gun system with a fluid bypass according to aspects of the present disclosure. -
FIG. 2 is a schematic of the perforating gun system ofFIG. 1 indicating the flow path of a fluid through the perforating gun system. - While embodiments of this disclosure have been depicted and described and are defined by reference to exemplary embodiments of the disclosure, such references do not imply a limitation on the disclosure, and no such limitation is to be inferred. The subject matter disclosed is capable of considerable modification, alteration, and equivalents in form and function, as will occur to those skilled in the pertinent art and having the benefit of this disclosure. The depicted and described embodiments of this disclosure are examples only, and not exhaustive of the scope of the disclosure.
- The present disclosure relates generally to downhole drilling operations and work overs. More particularly, the disclosure relates to a perforating gun system with a fluid bypass for circulating fluids through a wellbore.
- Illustrative embodiments of the present disclosure are described in detail herein.
- In the interest of clarity, not all features of an actual implementation may be described in this specification. It will of course be appreciated that in the development of any such actual embodiment, numerous implementation-specific decisions are made to achieve the specific implementation goals, which will vary from one implementation to another. Moreover, it will be appreciated that such a development effort might be complex and time-consuming, but would nevertheless be a routine undertaking for those of ordinary skill in the art having the benefit of the present disclosure.
- To facilitate a better understanding of the present disclosure, the following examples of certain embodiments are given. In no way should the following examples be read to limit or define the scope of the disclosure. Embodiments of the present disclosure may be applicable to horizontal, vertical, deviated, or otherwise nonlinear wellbores in any type of subterranean formation. Embodiments may be applicable to injection wells as well as production wells, including hydrocarbon wells.
-
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a perforating gun system according to one embodiment. Theperforating gun system 100 is shown in a section of awellbore 101 in whichcasing 102 has been cemented in place. Specifically, theperforating gun system 100 is shown in a position within thewellbore 101 corresponding to a zone of a formation to be perforated. - The
perforating gun system 100 is installed on the distal end of a section ofhollow tubing 104 with acoupler 106. Downhole from thecoupler 106 is anuphole flow sub 108, a series of perforatingguns 110A-C, and adownhole flow sub 111. A pair of fluid bypasses 112A-B connect theuphole flow sub 108 and thedownhole flow sub 111. - Following drilling of the
wellbore 101 and installation of thecasing 102, the perforatinggun system 100 is inserted into thewellbore 101 and positioned in a zone to be perforated. Perforation is typically accomplished by detonating a series of shaped charges (not depicted) within the perforatingguns 110A-C. Ports on theguns 110A-C, such asport 113, direct the energy of the detonated charges into the formation, perforating the casing, the cement, and a portion of the zone to be perforated thereby creating hydraulic openings for fluid to communicate between the wellbore and the formation. - In addition to creating hydraulic openings between the wellbore and the formation, detonation of the charges may force fluids, such as drilling mud, brine, cement, or other fluids used in drilling and completion operations, from within the wellbore into the surrounding formation. This may lead to unintended damage to the formation and negatively affect hydrocarbon production.
- To avoid this damage, the wellbore section adjacent to the zone to be perforated be prepared for perforation by circulating a formation-compatible fluid through the wellbore, displacing any other fluids or debris that may be present, or by circulating a treating fluid for dissolving and removing debris or other potentially harmful material.
- As depicted in
FIG. 2 , circulation is achieved by pumping a fluid throughtubing 104 into theuphole flow sub 108. The fluid is diverted through the fluid bypasses 112A-B and into thedownhole flow sub 111. The fluid then exits thedownhole flow sub 111 via one ormore fluid outlets 114, and enters thewellbore 101 below the zone to be perforated. - In displacement applications, as fluid is pumped into the
wellbore 101, the fluid travels up the wellbore between theperforating gun system 100 and thecasing 102, displacing any other fluid within the zone to be perforated. In applications where the fluid is intended to dissolve material within the wellbore, the fluid is pumped into the wellbore, left to dissolve material within the wellbore, and then pumped out of the wellbore along with the entrained dissolved material. Following a displacement or dissolution operation, perforation may be performed. - Treating or stimulation fluid may also be circulated through the wellbore via the perforating gun system after perforation has occurred. Because hydraulic openings now exists between the wellbore and the formation, the treating or stimulation fluid may enter the formation and may be used to dissolve debris or formation damage created during perforation or to stimulate production by increasing the permeability of the formation
- Although the fluid bypasses 112A-B are depicted in
FIGS. 1 and 2 as a pair of tubes running along the outside of theguns 110A-C, other embodiments may include other arrangements and configurations of fluid bypasses. For example, embodiments may include any number of bypasses, one or more of which may run along any suitable path between thefirst flow sub 108 and thesecond flow sub 111, including through the perforating guns. - The particular embodiments disclosed above are illustrative only. as the present invention may be modified and practiced in different but equivalent manners apparent to those skilled in the art having the benefit of the teachings herein. Furthermore, no limitations are intended to the details of construction or design herein shown, other than as described in the claims below. It is therefore evident that the particular illustrative embodiments disclosed above may be altered or modified and all such variations are considered within the scope and spirit of the present invention. Also, the terms in the claims have their plain, ordinary meaning unless otherwise explicitly and clearly defined by the patentee. The indefinite articles “a” or “an,” as used in the claims, are each defined herein to mean one or more than one of the element that it introduces.
Claims (16)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US15/301,586 US20170175497A1 (en) | 2014-05-09 | 2015-04-15 | Perforating gun system with fluid bypass |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US201461991056P | 2014-05-09 | 2014-05-09 | |
PCT/US2015/025911 WO2015171279A1 (en) | 2014-05-09 | 2015-04-15 | Perforating gun system with fluid bypass |
US15/301,586 US20170175497A1 (en) | 2014-05-09 | 2015-04-15 | Perforating gun system with fluid bypass |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US20170175497A1 true US20170175497A1 (en) | 2017-06-22 |
Family
ID=54392844
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US15/301,586 Abandoned US20170175497A1 (en) | 2014-05-09 | 2015-04-15 | Perforating gun system with fluid bypass |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US20170175497A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2015171279A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US11352861B2 (en) * | 2019-05-14 | 2022-06-07 | Weatherford U.K. Limited | Perforating apparatus |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2986214A (en) * | 1956-12-26 | 1961-05-30 | Jr Ben W Wiseman | Apparatus for perforating and treating zones of production in a well |
US4436155A (en) * | 1982-06-01 | 1984-03-13 | Geo Vann, Inc. | Well cleanup and completion apparatus |
US5016716A (en) * | 1990-04-25 | 1991-05-21 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Tubing carried perforating gun with insulation jacket |
US5704426A (en) * | 1996-03-20 | 1998-01-06 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Zonal isolation method and apparatus |
US20100051278A1 (en) * | 2008-09-04 | 2010-03-04 | Integrated Production Services Ltd. | Perforating gun assembly |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4915171A (en) * | 1988-11-23 | 1990-04-10 | Halliburton Company | Above packer perforate test and sample tool and method of use |
US5509482A (en) * | 1994-09-26 | 1996-04-23 | Trico Industries, Inc. | Perforation trigger bypass assembly and method |
US9175553B2 (en) * | 2009-07-29 | 2015-11-03 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Electric and ballistic connection through a field joint |
CN103410484B (en) * | 2013-08-07 | 2015-11-18 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | A kind of minor diameter tubing pump is crossed pump school and is deeply penetrated and adopt connection and make production method |
-
2015
- 2015-04-15 WO PCT/US2015/025911 patent/WO2015171279A1/en active Application Filing
- 2015-04-15 US US15/301,586 patent/US20170175497A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2986214A (en) * | 1956-12-26 | 1961-05-30 | Jr Ben W Wiseman | Apparatus for perforating and treating zones of production in a well |
US4436155A (en) * | 1982-06-01 | 1984-03-13 | Geo Vann, Inc. | Well cleanup and completion apparatus |
US5016716A (en) * | 1990-04-25 | 1991-05-21 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Tubing carried perforating gun with insulation jacket |
US5704426A (en) * | 1996-03-20 | 1998-01-06 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Zonal isolation method and apparatus |
US20100051278A1 (en) * | 2008-09-04 | 2010-03-04 | Integrated Production Services Ltd. | Perforating gun assembly |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US11352861B2 (en) * | 2019-05-14 | 2022-06-07 | Weatherford U.K. Limited | Perforating apparatus |
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Publication number | Publication date |
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WO2015171279A1 (en) | 2015-11-12 |
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